WESTERN CAPE ISSUE 2015

SCacrieeernsSceASA’sLeadingScienceCareersMagazine Western Cape Issue 2015Lstotwaoarrsods ktheing

There are boundless opportunitieswhen you consider a career in space.However you look at it, there is SPACE for you! NG RESEARCHER SATELLITE OPE RATIONS TECHNICIANNCY ENGINEERRADIO FREQUE R ASSISTANT REMOTE SENSI SPACE WEATHE

Space in our everyday lives We use communication satellites every day when we watch Digital Satellite tv, access the internet or use our cell phones Navigation apps use GPS satellites to accurately steer you to your requested destination SANSA has supported two Mars launches – NASA’s Mars Sci- ence Laboratory and India’s Mars Orbiter Mission Weather in space can damage satellites and interfere with our technology like GPS, cell phones and internet. SANSA keeps a close eye on space weather to protect our technology in space and on Earth Images from satellites are used to develop maps and monitor natural disasters like floods and droughts South African National Space Agency Tel +27 12 844 0398 | Fax +27 12 844 0396 Email [email protected] Website www.sansa.org.za

OUR TEAM Publisher: Charlton Peters EdiTOR in ChiEf: lAURA CUPidO ART diRECTOR: DONOVAN VAN ZYL AdVERTisinG: dEsiGn: Science Careers SA (Pty) LTD ACCOUnTs: SABRINA VAN ZYL disTRibUTiOn: Science Careers SA PROdUCTiOn: DONOVAN VAN ZYL Contributors: SANSA, SKA, NSFAS, Northlink College, West Coast Fossil Park, James Hayes, Aslam Mukadam. sCIENCE CAREERs sA • tEll 021 821 8185/95 • CEll 063 240 2997 • FAX: 086 605 4912 • EMAIL [email protected] • WWW. SCIENCECAREERSSA.CO.ZA No article or any part of any article may be reproduced without prior written permission of the publishers. The information provided and opinions expressed in this publication are provided in good faith but do not necessarily represent the opinions of this publication, the publisher or the editor. Neither this magazine, the publisher nor the editor can be held legally liable in any way for damages of any kind whatsoever arising directly or indirectly from any facts or information provided or omitted in these pages, or from any statements made or withheld by this publication. Science Careers SA Magazine is published by Science Careers SA (PTY) LTD. All material contained herein, the concept, the idea and all intellectual rights are the sole ownership and under copy right of Science Careers SA (PTY) LTD, and may not be copied or reproduced in any way.|6 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Xwww.maths .comTop Class Online Maths Tuition R 100 per month for all 364 video lessons! [email protected] ! 6 Demo video lessons illustrating full tutoring system Hosting South Africa’s top online Maths tutoring system developed by South African educators for South African learners The world’s most resourceful Maths websiteResources from Gr 1 to Gr 12 & University MathsPackaged with all 3 grades – Grades 10, 11 & 12• Access to all 364 video lessons • Full solutions to each test• Notes for all lessons • Re-tests to improve mark• Testing after each lesson • Progress reports for all tests• Marking after each test & re-testsNow parents can monitor their children’s progress online !

in this Issue...REGULARS FEATURES6 CREDITS PAGE 14 SANSA's DR ZAMA INSPIRES ALL12 FOREWORD 18 3D MAPPING of the Universe17 cOmpetitiOn WITH SANPARKS 20 How to excel in mathematics30 LETTERS FROM OUR READERS 38 WHY YOU SHOULD STUDY SCIENCE 46 student funding 94 21ST CENTURY ARTISANQ&As 64 SPACE WEATHER PRACTITIONER 68 LAZER PHYSICIST10 CYTOLOGIST 70 MARINE ENGINEER22 FORENSIC SCIENTIST 72 ELECTRONICS e n g i n e e R26 mARINE nAVIGATOR 74 Aeronautical Engineer28 Astrophysics and Cosmology 76 PAEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGIST32 CONSERVATION OFFICER 78 Satellite Operations Technician34 SOIL ScientiSt 80 DATA SyStemS36 AUDIO VISUAL TECHNICIAN 82 ANTARTIC ENGINEER40 PROCESS ENGINEER 84 NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR44 CIVIL ENGINEER 88 OccUpatiOnal theRapiSt48 MATERIALS CHEMIST 90 ZOOLOGIST50 ENTOMOLOGIST 92 Robotics & Mechatronics52 COMPUTER ENGINEER 96 FELLOW IN ASTRONOMY56 WIND TURBINE ENGINEER58 NON DESTRUCTIVE TECHNICIAN62 aStROphySicS AND COSMOLOGY|8 SCIENCE CAREERS SA



Dr ZAMA KATAMZISpace scienceResearcherZama Katamzi sports a ponytail from the University of Cape Town A: I think probably the fear of failure and skinny jeans. She’s not and an Msc from Rhodes University,your average space physicist. won a scholarship to the University is what pushed me the most. I wasThe 28-year-old researcher from of Bath in the United Kingdom. She’ll very determined to get good resultsClermont, Durban, is one of the obtain her doctorate in ionospheric so that I could stand a better chancebrightest stars at the South African physics later this year. of getting a bursary/scholarship.National Space Agency (Sansa) When my self-determination wasn’tSpace Science in the Western Her plan: to become an A-class enough, I had my mom for moralCape. Sansa is one of 13 regional international scientist: “There is no support; when I thought I couldn’t dowarning centres that form part of the limit on how I can grow in my career, something, she always had someInternational Space Environment based on merit and not on gender.” way of talking me into believing IService’s worldwide network could.monitoring the Earth’s magnetic field. Q1: Your first year at University, Q1: If you could sit down with theKatamzi was in Grade 11 when she coming from Clermont, a townshipwatched an episode of Star Trek 20km’s outside of Durban, was it young you as she was about to beginand fell in love with outer space. daunting to face the changes in Matric, what would you say to her.Astronomy is a male-dominated lifestyle and study work?field, but Katamzi seized the A: Focus! You have the mentalchallenge. Today she’s a role model A: At the beginning of my first year,for a new generation of female capability to work harder than youscientists. She laughs at the idea I was very nervous as I came from think. Take advantage of all availablethat she’s anything special. “I am a girls-only boarding school (I did 5 resources (teachers, study groups,just like any other girl. I like shopping years there) and coming to UCT on my holiday programs, etc).and I love shoes!” she says. own with no friends I was worried. At school I had many friends, I was used Q1: Were you prepared forWhen Katamzi isn’t star-gazing, to that life and now I was in a newshe focuses on solving grassroots environment and had to make new how different the type of workproblems. In her spare time, she friends. It was not easy at all, I’m more and workload was at University intalks to youngsters at her church of a reserved person and don’t make comparison to school, and how didand local schools. Many have been friends easy. I was also worried about you cope and adjust to it?inspired to follow her example how I was going to cope with academicand study science. “I’ve had the workload, especially since my matric A: I think university was when Iopportunity to motivate young girls results weren’t that great, how I wasto choose science as a career, and going to make sure I passed and didn’t actually had my wake up call forprove that women can do as good a disappoint myself and my family. serious hard working. I had neverjob as men,” she says. worked so hard before; which is Q1: How did you find it in yourself probably why my university marksKatamzi, who has a BSc in physics were much better than my high to not be intimidated by all that was school marks. During my first 2-3 bigger and new, and not to let self years at university I mainly focused doubt in your abilities, creep in? on my academic work; had very little social life. But as I got used to the work, I had a more balanced life. ■|10 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

|SCIENCE CAREERS SA 11

21stArtisanWhy study at a public situated, providing accessibility to various provinces flood the gates ofTVET College? satisfy the immediate need for skills these colleges to experience all the and further training. Artisan skills different courses the TVET Colleges“It definitely is cool to be a 21st training are one of the ways that have to offer.Century Artisan” – These words were can improve the socio-economicspoken by the Deputy Minister Manana environment of the community that the Students, who are not able to studyof the Department of Higher Education potential students are a part of. due to financial constraints, now haveand Training (DHET) during the the opportunity to apply for financialopening ceremony of the South African There are 50 TVET Colleges in South assistance, if they meet the criteriaWorldSkills Competition which was Africa and six in the Western Cape as set out by DHET and the bursaryheld in early 2015 in Cape Town. The that assist with the development of funder. Those who wish to apply forTechnical Vocational Education and skills. The DHET’s announcement of a bursary must also adhere to allTraining (TVET) Colleges are seen as the “Decade of the Artisan” has been the criteria to be successful. Oncethe live-blood of artisan skills training, an initiative that gives prospective the application has been approved,not only in South Africa, but the world students the opportunity to discover students can enjoy peace of mindat large. These higher education what the TVET sector is all about. and focus on their studies withoutinstitutions are part and parcel of having any fear of financial concerns.the communities in which they are Annually prospective students from ▶Continued on page 16|14 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Central Office 83 Allen Street, Newcastle.Tel: 034 326 4888

▶Continued from page 14 cosmetology, the world truly is their The students oyster. who study at theThe TVET Colleges offerqualifications such as National The students who study at the TVET TVET CollegesDiplomas, National Certificates Colleges also have access to student also have accessas well as National Certificate support services that look after the(Vocational) (NC (V)). To obtain an health / wellness of the students, to studentNC (V) qualification, a grade nine as well as any academic support support servicespass is required and after three years they might need. Should the student that look afterthis qualification will be equivalent to experience any personal challengesa grade 12 senior certificate / N3. NC they can make use of a student the health /(V) courses are vocationally driven support officer’s service. wellness of thein a specialised field and can givethe student access to study other students.National Certificate courses. Apply now at any of the 50Some of the Colleges in the “Education is our core business, and National TVET Colleges todaycountry, such as Northlink TVET with that comes other responsibilities or visit the TVET College websiteCollege, have accredited trade test to help support the students to on www.fetcolleges.co.zacentres that will allow any student become the best at what they setwho wishes to become a qualified out to become,” says Trish van derartisan to attempt their trade test. Merwe, Deputy Principal: InnovationOnce they completed their trade and Development at Northlinktest successfully, they will then be College.awarded a red seal as an indicationof their training and expertise in the So what more do you need?artisan trade. Students have a variety of courses to choose from, many qualifications thatWith so many Colleges and courses will suit their level of education, asto choose from prospective students well as the opportunity to be placedcan realise their dreams. Amongst in the industry. Also they have another courses in the fields of design, opportunity to adjust to College lifeeducation, information technology, with the support of people that arebusiness, hospitality, tourism, safety, centred around their academic andhealth, engineering, hair care and personal well-being. ■|16 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

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SKA SA has been crucial in promoting the build-up of the required researchers to lead such an effort. Tests are already being conducted using the KAT-7 system and plans are underway to start tests with MeerKAT in the near future. Mapping of the Universe|18 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Advancing his dreams, and in return for his The SKA telescope will allow scientistsastrophysics dedication and hard work was awarded to look back into the history of thewith the SKA an MSc with distinction by UWC. He Universe and offer insight into how it is currently employed at SKA SA as a has evolved over 14 thousand millionThe SKA telescope as described by telescope operator while doing his PhD years. Information on how stars, galaxies Professor Santos, is like a “physics part time through UWC. and clusters of galaxies were formedlab”, allowing many different experiments and how they have changed since theto be pursued. The 3D mapping survey is His passion has also seen him passing universe was young will be obtained.just one of several surveys taking place on his love for science and the stars to This will allow for the plotting of a three-that will allow scientists to push the limits young learners around South Africa at dimensional (3D) map of the Universe.of our current knowledge of the Universe. various talks and festivals, including theThe papers supporting these surveys Grahamstown National Science Festival. Professor Santos explains: “Usuallyare being published and form part of a a map of the Universe is made usinglarger series covering all the science the With his main area of research galaxies as tiny beacons of the largeSKA is expected to contribute to, such in Cosmology, South African based scale structure of the Universe. Thisas pulsars, cosmic magnetism, the early Associate Professor Mario Santos, is quite demanding as it requires thestages of the Universe and the search for from the University of the Western mapping of large numbers of galaxiesother life in the Universe. Cape (UWC) is studying how the next across the sky. generation of large radio telescopes such These papers were collected in a as the MeerKAT in South Africa, will be “The survey we are proposing willunique science book titled Advancing able to answer fundamental questions in measure the emitted radiation fromAstrophysics with the Square Kilometre cosmology. all the hydrogen atoms spread acrossArray, published earlier this year by the the Universe without actually detectingSKA Organisation. From the nature of dark energy or galaxies. This will make it easier to the physics of the primordial Universe survey all of the sky across cosmic times, The SKA Cosmology Science Working to the process of reionisation when the allowing Phase 1 of the SKA to becomeGroup is an international SKA group, first stars and galaxies of the Universe an extremely competitive cosmology(see the full list of members here: http:// were born, this research will involve machine.”astronomers.skatelescope.org) of which both analytical models and large scaleProfessor Santos is the current chair. numerical simulations, as well as a good An intensity mapping experimentProfessor Roy Maartens, who was understanding of the telescopes’ set-up. like this has never been done before.the previous chair, is also the head of The huge volumes of data that will be According to Santos, the largest 3DAstrophysics at UWC). The SKA book provided by these experiments also allow maps of the Universe have used opticalis now available online here: http:// for unique and exciting ways to develop telescopes. The one that the workingpos.sissa.it/cgi-bin/reader/conf. novel statistical analysis techniques. group is proposing will be about 50 timescgi?confid=215 larger and while other future experiments, Scientists from around the world have such as the Euclid satellite, will also “It is rewarding to see all these papers joined forces to lay the foundations for be able to probe a large fraction of thebeing published, thanks to the hard work an experiment of truly astronomical Universe, none will match the SKA input in by all the science working groups. proportions: putting together the biggest terms of size and depth.The wide range of science covered in map of the Universe ever made withthem is testimony to the SKA’s potential scientists from South Africa playing a key When the actual survey with theas a 21st Century facility to revolutionise role in determining how to use the Square SKA comes online, a large team will bemany areas of study in astrophysics, Kilometre Array South Africa (SKA SA) to required to deal with all the data. Oncebut also in physics, astrochemistry and map the history of the Universe as well as Phase 1 of the SKA is built, around 2022,beyond,” says Robert Braun, who is answer many of its other mysteries. it will take about two years to completecoordinating the process as the SKA the survey.Organisation’s Science Director. Researchers from the Cosmology Science Working Group at the SKA SA As Maartens explains: “It will be like Student empowerment have worked out how to use the world’s making a movie of the Universe from a largest telescope for the task. young age, when it was only about two One student, who has benefited from billion years old, until today when it isbeing under the supervision of Professor “The team has produced an exciting about 14 billion years old. The movie willSantos, is Siyambonga Matshawule. collection of cutting-edge ideas that will be in low resolution but enough to test the help shape the future of cosmology,” fundamentals of cosmology.” Originally from Queenstown, says Working Group chair Professor RoyMatshawule studied hard and followed Maartens from UWC. |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 19

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Generally learners develop a negative HOW DOES THEattitude towards mathematics due to MATHS EXCELLENCEthe lack of general basic mathematical WEBSITE HELP TOknowledge and also due to the lack of ADDRESS THESEa solid foundation in this subject. PROBLEMSThere are various So, in order to excel On the Maths Excellencereasons for this, in mathematics, all website – www. mathsX.some of which are: learners have to go com learners in Grades through the process of: 10, 11 and 12 who lack• Learners do not do their homework the basic background• Learners do not catch up on work • Paying careful attention and knowledge have access to learning the content in class. 364 comprehensive video missed due to absence lessons, notes and tests with • Attempting the homework with full solutions where they can• Learners misunderstand work due all its variations. fill the gaps on topics missed to lack of concentration or focus out on or misunderstood • Making mistakes and learning in class. Parents can also• Learners lack practice – this is the from their mistakes when the monitor their children’s most important reason solutions to the homework are progress online as a provided . progress report is availableWHY PRACTISING MATHS of all the test scores. TheseIS ESSENTIAL • Re-doing all sums that were tests can be repeated until a incorrect while doing the mark close to or above 80%• Learners will come across homework until mastered by is reached. variations in certain topics that using the teacher’s answers won’t necessarily be dealt with in as reference. On this website learners the initial lessons in class. also have access to past The above process must be an exam papers with full• Most variations will only be everyday practice. solutions from 2008 to encountered while attempting the 2015 not only in maths homework and working through Instead of the above process, learners but for all other matric past exam papers. generally leave their ‘studying’ for the subjects as well. last minute and ‘glance over’ their• Variations give the brighter learner work the night before a test or exam the opportunity to express their instead of sitting with pen and paper creativity. and re-doing all the sums especially those they got incorrect while• The average or weaker learner will attempting their homework. encounter the difficulty at home and not face it in the exam room In conclusion, in order to succeed in for the first time. Maths learners need to spend at least 45 minutes everyday attempting MathsThus, when the solutions to the homework and 45 minutes practisingvariations are provided – learning work done earlier in the year ortakes place after the struggle with theexercises at home. However, if the working through past exam papers. ■learner does not attempt the homeworkthen the learning that takes place thefollowing day won’t be embedded andremembered for tests and exams. |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 21

with Jaclyn SmithSSReneaiocnr tgieornWhy did you choose in Nature Conservation. In hind sight, I now What is the leastthis career? realise that it was the better choice for me as it enjoyable part of your job? has lead me to the position I am in now withWhen I was in High School, nearing the end South African National Parks. Although I work hard to try to address allof my secondary education – I thought for the issues we face in the Central section,a long time about what I wanted to commit Describe an average day? sometimes I cannot get to everything.my time to, in terms of a career choice. What I do find encouraging is that havingIn Grade 11, we were allowed to choose I’m lucky in that my job has both an office a appositive attitude and a “never give up”an organisation to do “job shadowing” and outdoors aspect to it. My days in the state of mind helps.with. I chose to work at the Two Oceans office are spent overseeing procurementAquarium with the team of experts that see processes, authorising purchases for Career highlights?to the welfare of the animals as well as the various operations, attending meetings andoperations of the facility. I had already had an responding to emails. The days I get to spend I once got the opportunity to assist withinterest in biology at that stage, and working time in the field, I commit to doing foot Game Capture and relocation of Giraffewith the marine team at the Aquarium made patrols with my teams and law enforcement. from Kruger National Park to Zinaveme realise that I wanted to pursue a career in National Park in Mozambique. It was anthe field I enjoy most. What are the most incredible experience both in Kruger, as enjoyable aspects well as experiencing conservation outsideWhat training did you of your position? of the South African context in Mozambique.undergo, and where? Giraffe capture is immensely technical and The part that makes me most proud of being very dangerous. In experiencing this, I haveI had initially applied to study Oceanography a ranger and being in the position I am in, is gained a lot of respect for the Veterinaryat the Cape Peninsula University of that I am helping to ensure that this protected Wildlife Unit of SANParks.Technology (CPUT), however that course was area remains protected and that – betweenonly offered once every second year. The year myself and my team – we are the voice of 3 important qualities thatthat I applied was the year it was not being those that cannot speak for themselves, i.e. your position requires?offered. I was then accepted into CPUT for my all the fauna, flora and natural process thatsecond choice, which was a National Diploma existed long before we did. Patience, Perseverance, Positivity|30 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

In 1 sentence, describe in situations that made me incredibly Jaclyn Smithyour job? uncomfortable at first. However, the more I did those things, the better I became Is continuing educationA Senior Section Ranger manages the at it. Now I accept the challenge whole and further studiesoverall operations of a portion of the heartedly and see it more as a learning important in your typeprotected area. opportunity than something of career? to be avoided.Experience vs Training? Yes, there is a fair amount of technical What qualifications knowledge one needs to manage a protectedBoth are equally imperative for this kind do I need? area. Many of the decisions we need toof work. A lot of what we deal with relates make is based on ecological concepts fordirectly with environmental legislation. This There are various ranks in the ranger the effective management of the park.means that you need to be trained to enforce corp – for my position one would need a Botany, zoology, geology etc. are importantthose legal Acts and legislations. In order to minimum of a National Diploma in Nature fields of study in order to get to this kindexcel in the application of those laws, you Conservation, with a Btech being an added of position. There is always more to learn,need experience in field. The two aspects advantage. Experience in the conservation even if one is already in a position ofcomplement each other. field with specific focus on people and financial management is also important. management in this field. ■Advice for grade 11 and 12learners considering this What are your careercareer? goals?A career in conservation is not one for I am working towards being a Parkthose who want to make lots of money Manager in ten years’ time, not necessarilyfast! – it is a career you chose because of Table Mountain National Park though.you have a genuinely keen interest in the I think it is a huge responsibility and anconservation of our environment. It is hard honour to ensure the protection of a naturalwork, and sometimes it feels as though you area. I anticipate that it is stressful yetare fighting a losing battle, but you need rewarding, much like the position I am inthe right attitude and determination to see currently. It also requires strong leadershipit through. Also, the work of a ranger is skills and the ability to make important andphysically demanding, so be prepared to get difficult decisions, for the greater good.sweaty and your hands dirty. Does the Industry (andPotential for growth - your type of position)Where can your current that you are in, faceposition lead? gender bias?From Senior Section Ranger, the next rank Absolutely! Conservation has longup would be Area Manager. This person been deemed “men’s work” due to thewould then over see a much larger area strenuous nature of the job. There will bethan the Senior Section Ranger. They are people along the way that will questionmore involved with strategic management your ability – this bias can be based ondecisions that need to be made in the your gender or your age, or both together.section. One rank up from that would be a This is where perseverance, hard workPark Manager. This person then over sees and good leadership come in. Thosethe management of the entire national park characteristics are crucial in how youand the managers and staff within it. approach all challenges in the work place, and how you set an example for the teamWhat challenges have you lead. I am fortunate in that there areyou had to overcome? many other strong female leaders already in this field who put their money whereI have always been quite a shy person their mouth is, so to speak. They have alland avoided challenging myself. shown that they can work as well as, if notSince joining the ranger corp in Table better than, their male counterparts.Mountain National Park, I have been put |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 31



Join SANSA and become a space ambassador! • Engineers • Technicians • Space Science Researchers • Mission Control Specialists• Computer Scientists & Software Developers• Earth Systems & Earth Observation Scientists • Remote Sensing Technologists • Data Administrators • Post Graduate Students • Facilities & Support Personnel Check out our available opportunities at www.sansa.org.za South African National Space Agency In Service of Humanity T- 012 844 0500 F- 012 844 [email protected] . www.sansa.org.za

with Oupa MalahlelaRemote SensingScientist Oupa Malahlela Why did you choose this career?|36 SCIENCE CAREERS SA I chose the career due to the increasing demand of scientists in South Africa. I have always been fascinated by nature and technology alike, and have always sought ways to integrate the two. My field allows for that integration. What training did you undergo, and where? I have obtained my Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in Environmental Science from the University of Limpopo in 2008, and went to the University of KwaZulu-Natal to study for a Master degree in Geography specializing in remote sensing. I have accomplished internship training with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research’s former Satellite Applications Center in 2010 to enable me to be where I am today. What does your job entail? My job entails formulating scientific problems regarding my field, processing satellite images as well as engaging with various government organs such as the Department of Water and Sanitation. I am directly involved in processing satellite images so as to derive information regarding the status of our surface water bodies (rivers, dams, lakes, ponds etc) as regards quantity and the quality of water in them. This is done on a national scale. In addition, I do reach out to school learners to explain what I do to in the office.

“You don’t need to be Einstein to be a ”scientist. The world needs you!Describe an average day? Experience vs Training? Potential for growth - Where can yourDownloading satellite images, Proper training is essential for current position lead?processing them, and manipulating the work I do. Advance coursesthem. My average day involves are critical to keep up with the This position may lead me to beintense data processing. changing global trends. Of course one of the well-known scientists in the more experienced you are the country and in the world. OtherWhat are the most the better chances are for you to than being a manager I can alsoenjoyable aspects accomplish the job with minimal be an ambassador for water issuesof your position? effort. globally.The fact that one does the work Advice for grade What qualifications do I need?equivalent to someone in America, 11 and 12 learners MSc Geography, Geo-Information,Japan, China etc. The second most considering this Remote Sensing, Environmentalimportant thing is that I deal with career? Science or related fields.binary data, which cannot go onstrike on complain beyond what I can Do not be doubtful of yourself. Do Does the Industry (andtolerate. not let your background hinder your type of position) your passion in remote sensing. that you are in, faceWhat is the least You don’t need to be Einstein to gender bias?enjoyable part be a scientist. The world needsof your job? you. Consider studying maths and No, at all. However, we lack science if you want to be a remote females in this industry. There areThe fact that one is expected to do so sensing scientist. a few females than males and wemuch with so little funding available. need females. Type of person that3 important qualities would enjoy this Is continuingthat your position kind of career? education and furtherrequires? studies important in Innovative, honest, hungry, and your type of career?Perseverance, Love, Understanding enthusiastic. If you are merely satisfied by minimum outcomes, Yes it is. If you are static, theIn 1 sentence, describe then you may find it difficult conventional knowledge becomesyour job? surviving in this field. Have an urge to do more. obsolete. ■Using satellites to monitor earth’snatural resources |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 37

WHY YOU SHOULD STUDYScience is Here are our top reasons in order to sustain the growing global amazing! It is for getting your nerd on: population. We are running out of fossilalso one of the fuels which are critical to the efficiency oftoughest subjects 1Be a modern-day hero: The single our industry, farming and supply chains.at school. greatest reason why we should Fresh water is becoming increasinglyScience-y careers study Science, is to ensure humanity’s scarce, with many of the world’s greatestare diverse and sustainable survival on earth! Ecosystems rivers no longer running into the sea.exciting, but are in crisis mode, the planetary weather Diseases are becoming increasinglyrequire years system is changing rapidly, and humanity resistant to antibiotics. The air in manyof vigorous is failing to coexist in harmony with Indian and Chinese cities are verging onacademic other species. World food production unbreathable. The Great Pacific Garbagecommitment. If has to double in the next thirty years,it’s so hard toget somewherewith Science,why should youstudy it?|38 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Patch has become an unfathomable 3Be adventurous: Science gets Visit online crowd funding platformsmass of floating junk that is destroying you places! I can only speak from such as Kickstarter and Indiegogo,our oceans. The use of fossil fuels my experience - my engineering and appraise the exciting Science-yis polluting our air and adding to the background, which is firmly rooted in inventions that are being funded.Greenhouse effect. Science, has opened a door to great The tech scene is mushrooming with adventure and exploration. I have skunkworks and hackathons that areBefore you despair, there is a silver worked on four continents and have creating radical innovations. It is anlining: every one of these problems can been exposed to a diversity of incredible exciting time to be part of Science andbe improved, and even solved, through experiences that a ‘normal’ office job Technology, and if you want to be at theScience! If you are passionately would never allow. Would you like to cusp of making cool things that make aconcerned about this Planet and about work in jungles? Study Natural Sciences. big difference, study Science!a healthy future for Humanity, get stuck A life of studying volcanoes or auroras,into your Science studies and aim for a perhaps? Study geosciences. Would you 6Be a modern-day hero (#2): SouthScience-y career that will equip you to like to ply you mind to solving massive Africa has a growing deficit of expertmake a difference! problems and driving innovation? Study Science teachers. If you are passionate engineering! Would you like to work with about Science, and passionate about2Be smart: The study of Science killer whales? Study zoology! making a difference, teaching is a encourages problem-solving massively rewarding career path thattenacity that helps you to understand Science-y careers and research is becoming increasingly lucrative.the world around you. I have always allow you visit places that would not Remember, supply and demand dictateexplained to my students that Science be accessible through other fields going rates - if there are fewer expertilluminates one’s path, and that going of study. Whether you want to go to Science teachers around, the demandthrough life without Science is similar Antarctica or to outer space, Science for expertise leads to increased fees.to driving your car along dark roads - is the way to get there. Become a Science teacher, a thoughtyour headlights might light your way leader and a role model!forward, but they don’t illuminate the 4Diversity and flexibility: Fromworld around you. You travel onwards dentistry to plasma physics, 7Wealth: More than a fifth of thewithout ever understanding the context Science-y careers offer vast planet’s wealthiest people on theof your journey. opportunities for professional career Forbes 2015 list studied an engineering development and diversification. degree, according to a recent survey byStudying Science makes you Engineers are welcomed into the the Approved Index platform. A quartercomfortable with the unknown, and financial sector, due to their problem- of the Forbes top-hundred have Sciencegives you the confidence to say: “I solving ability and analytical way of as a foundation for their work.don’t know the answers, but I will find thinking. Many academic physicistsout!” Science is gracious to naivety teach, perform ground-breaking 8Discovery: Science research isbut does not condone the apathy of research and consult private clients a field that allows you to discoverindifference: it allows you to say “I in the same work week. Medical the unknown. The deep oceans aredon’t know, but I want to find out”, but professionals diversify into the legal field unexplored, nanotechnology anddoes not tolerate the attitude of “I don’t to become patent attorneys or medical photonic crystals have so many secrets,know and I don’t care”. lawyers. However on the flip side, it’s and we’re still not sure whether there is rare for a professional with a ‘non- any form of life outside near-earth space.Science is highly structured, but Science-y’ background to bridge into the Imagine being the person that publisheswelcomes change - it constantly Science-based career fields. a peer-reviewed article to tell the worldadjusts its views based on what is about a brand new discovery, or a newobserved. This approach teaches you 5Inventions: Science-y careers revelation in our understanding, or a life-to evolve your thinking by constantly create an intellectual and business altering breakthrough in technology.testing and investigating information, environment that is conducive towhich makes you a well-rounded problem solving and invention. Look This is a call to action for young history-human being and empowers you at all the exciting inventions of the last makers, and for a new wave of heroes towith an ethical approach to others: it twenty years that have completely save this world and make a difference. Ienables you to discern the difference transformed our lifestyles. The Internet,between your opinions, facts, and the everyday use of GPS, mobile encourage you to become part of it! ■to acknowledge the opinions and phone technology, PC’ and touch-beliefs of others without immediately screen displays are but a few. This James Hayes Founder – Science Clinicaccepting or rejecting them. technological progress was made possible due to Science. |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 39

Q’s and A’s3rdWHY DID YOU CHOOSE THISCAREER?My choice of career seemed like aperfect one for me as my passion liesin any ocean going activities with aninterest in mechanical engineering.WHAT TRAINING DID YOU Johan LouwUNDERGO, AND WHERE? WHAT DO YOU ENJOY MOST? and being away from friends and familyI started studying at CPUT Granger, complet- for extended periods of time.ing my S1 and S2 studies. After that, I had to Having the satisfaction of fixingdo workshop training at the De Beers Lesedi broken equipment and on initial start CAREER HIGHLIGHTS?training centre in Kimberly. I had to complete up knowing that I have resolved themy STCW training before I was allowed to problem. Travelling the globe, meeting newcomplete my 12 months cadetship, before I people and learning about new cultures.can go and do my final oral examination at WHAT ARE THE MOSTSAMSA. ENJOYABLE ASPECTS OF 3 IMPORTANT QUALITIES and YOUR POSITION? THAT YOUR POSITIONWHAT DOES YOUR JOB REQUIRESENTAIL? Seeing that I’m still in a junior officers position, I am able to learn from my Problem solving, work ethicWatch keeping of engine room space as senior officer durability.well as installation and maintenance ofany vessel equipment. WHAT IS THE LEAST IN 1 SENTENCE, DESCRIBE ENJOYABLE PART OF YOUR YOUR JOB?DESCRIBE AN AVERAGE DAY. JOB? Maintaining and finding new costStarting the day with a pre engine room Having to deal with people from foreign effective ways to improve vesselmeeting, discussing all jobs and faults countries not receiving the correct equipment.that need to be rectified. On completion knowledge in their training programof the meeting I will enter the engineroom doing safety rounds of the engineroom space and starting my dailyroutine and scheduled jobs.|| SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Q’s and A’s EXPERIENCE VS TRAINING DID YOU KNOW?Without the proper training and Marine engineers are skilled individualsexperience there is no possible way to involved in the design, construction andfor fill your job requirements. maintenance of vehicles and structures used on or around water. Marine engineeringADVICE FOR PEOPLE technology and techniques are usedCONSIDERING THIS CAREER. to create cruise ships, oil platforms and harbours.This type of job is not for the faintheartedand the working environment is notalways an easy one. People consideringthis line of work, will require a physicaland emotional strength to be able todo this job. Individuals that have thesequalities will really enjoy their job. TYPE OF PERSON THAT WOULD ENJOY THIS KIND OF CAREER?An independent strong willed person whocan cope with the challengers of being atsea for prolonged lengths of time.POTENTIAL FOR GROWTH -WHERE CAN YOUR CURRENTPOSITION LEAD?The potential for growth is huge as thereare generally four possible rankings ofan engineer in the marine industry. WHAT CHALLENGES HAVE YOU HAD TO OVERCOME?Culture and language barriers, longworking hours. Coping with emotionaland physical fatigue.WHAT QUALIFICATIONS DO INEED?Firstly a Matric with Maths and Science.You also need to finish your first year indoing your National diploma in MarineEngineering.WHAT ARE YOUR CAREERGOALS?To eventually sail as chief engineeronboard and then work ashore as anaval architectIS CONTINUING EDUCATIONAND FURTHER STUDIESIMPORTANT IN YOUR TYPE OFCAREER?Yes – obtain a ND in Marine Engineering SCIENCE CAREERS SA ||

SOUTH AFRICAN MARITIME SAFETY MARITIMEAUTHORITY ACCREDITED COURSES STUDIESFormal Courses Non-Formal CoursesMarine Navigation: • O shore Survival & Fire Fighting 5 daysMaster Unlimited CoC I Chief Mate CoCDeck O cer CoC I ND: Maritime Studies • O shore Survival & Fire Fighting (Refresher) 2 1/2 daysMarine Engineering: • O shore Survival & Fire Fighting (PART-TIME) 7 daysChief Engineer O cer CoC I 2nd Engineering O cerEngineer O cer of a Watch CoC | ND: Engineering: • Competence in Survival Craft other than Fast 4 daysMechanical (Marine) Rescue Boats – now CISC (old PISC)CoC (CoC=Certificate of Competency)Admission requirements for formal courses: • Competence in Survival Craft other than Fast 7 daysThe minimum admission requirements are, a Rescue Boats – now CISC (old PISC)National Senior Certificate, with:• English First Additional Language (rating 4); • Personal Safety and Social Responsibility (PSSR) 2 days• Mathematics (rating 4); and• Physical Science (rating 4). • Personal Survival Techniques (PST) 2 days OR • Personal Safety and Social Responsibility (PSSR)• N4 pass with a minimum of 60% for Mathematics N4 (Refresher) 1 day and Engineering Science N4, as well as the minimum language requirements of the University. • Personal Survival Techniques (PST) (Refresher) 1 dayClosing date for applications: • FRB Coxswain 4 days31 August 2015 • Fast Rescue Boat (FRB) Refresher 1 dayExamination Centre for SQA/MCA (UK LAP),and IWCF • 1 Day Crowd Management and Passenger Safety 1 dayAssociations: AMERC, GB TRUST, IAMI, IASST, NSRI, RCYC,RYA, SAIMENA, SAOGA, SOMMSA, Nautical Institute • HUET 1/2 day • O shore Lifeboat Coxswain 3 dayPostal address:Department Maritime Studies & Survival Centre, Granger • O shore Lifeboat Coxswain Refresher 1 dayBay Campus, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000 South AfricaMaritime Studies • GMDSS (GOC) 10 daysTel:+27 21 440 5752/80 | E-mail: [email protected] Centre • GMDSS (GOC) – Refresher 5 daysTel: +27 21 440 5715/16 | E-mail: [email protected] • Able Seafarer Deck 10 days • Able Seafarer Engine 10 days • Elec. Navigation Systems (ENS) 5 days • Navigation, Radar & ARPA Simulation (NAVRAS) 5 days • Navigation, Radar & ARPA Simulation 2 days (NAVRAS) - Refresher • SAMSA Level II Assessor 2 days • SA Law & Procedures 2005-2015 creating futures +27 21 959 6767 [email protected] www.cput.ac.za @CPUT www.facebook.com/cput.ac.zaAT H L O N E B E L LV I L L E CAPE TOWN GEORGE GRANGER BAY M O W B R AY WELLINGTON WORCESTER

with Ziyaad IsaacsSystems Technicianat SANSA1What is your area of 3What tertiary Ziyaad Isaacsspeciality at the SANSA? qualification does your job require?Being new to SANSA, I don’t have aspeciality yet. My current field of work A National Diploma inis in geomagnetism. Electrical Engineering and a positive attitude.2What criteria did you have to meet to get 4What important schoolyour position at SANSA? subjects are required for your qualification?I had to be willing to travel toremote areas, have good experience Mathematics, Physical Sciencesin Electronics and the ability to and a little Geography.manage myself. 5What was the biggest your field of work? adjustment you had to make when moving from The best way to stand out in any school to work? field of work is to do it right and keep on trying to improve yourself I think the biggest adjustment for to keep up with new trends. me was how to act professional in the work place. You should 9What does a person know when to be serious starting out in your field and when it’s ok to crack a have to do to climb the joke. corporate ladder? 6What is the biggest Well, I would suggest you get as myth about your much experience as possible. The field of work? corporate ladder will always be missing a few steps so it’s up to That it doesn’t exist! Many people you to go out there and find those are not aware that space science steps you need to succeed. and technology is at the cutting edge in South Africa and that we 10How do you have a Space Agency. I always keep abreast of have a lot of explaining to do every developments of your time somebody asks what I do for profession? a living. Try your best to say yes to as many 7What is the truth around opportunities that come your way the above myth? and always be willing to help your colleagues especially when it means Space science and technology is stepping outside your comfort zone. a growing product of South Africa The more you help and the more you and it is getting bigger by the day. offer to do, the more you will learn, 8What do you have to do and that’s how you stay in tune. ■ in order to stand out in |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 79

Q&AEElnegcitnroeenrics(SKA Africa) Tyrone van BallaWHY DID YOU CHOOSE THIS and prototyping new concepts and technol- have the opportunity to not only interactCAREER? ogy, and generally supporting the Digital with cutting edge hardware, but also to play Back-end Team on any electronics related a part in its design, or write software for it. AtI enjoy being challenged and solving com- projects. I have also begun getting involved times this can be challenging, but it is alsoplex problems. Engineering provides plenty with programming Field Programmable Gate extremely rewarding. Working at SKA Africaof opportunities for this. I also enjoy software Arrays for real-time digital signal processing has also afforded me the opportunity to beand hardware development and design and applications. I also get involved with various part of the team working on the MeerKAThave an interest in digital signal processing outreach initiatives. Radio Telescope, which upon completion, willand high performance computing. Electronic be the most powerful radio telescope in theEngineering, being a very broad field, pro- DESCRIBE AN AVERAGE DAY southern hemisphere, if not the world.vides exposure to all these areas and manymore. Each day starts with following up and reply- WHAT ARE THE MOST ing to emails and other admin. Thereafter my ENJOYABLE ASPECTS OF YOUR WHAT TRAINING DID YOU activities for the rest of the day vary depend- POSITION? UNDERGO, AND WHERE? ing on the project that I am currently working on. Most recently I was working on writing Being able to actively explore and test yourI studied at the University of Cape Town support and control software for a new Field own ideas to solve a problem. Having theand graduated with my BSc in Engineering Programmable Gate Array based computing opportunity to experiment with the latestin Electrical/Electronic Engineering. Since board. I started out by familiarising myself technologies. Having real, complex prob-starting my career I have received additional with the hardware and firmware manuals lems to solve. Being able to learn somethingtraining in programming Field Programmable of the board. I then met with our Gateware new every day, either through experimen-Gate Arrays, Systems Engineering Processes Engineer to make sure that I understood the tation, research or by interacting with veryand Advanced Python Programming board’s architecture and what was required knowledgeable team members. Being ableTechniques. from the support and control software. I then to experience many aspects of electronic en- began planning how the software would gineering in an attempt to find what I reallyWHAT DOES YOUR JOB ENTAIL? work and how we’d interface with it. I then enjoy. began implementing basic communicationsI work as an Electronics Engineer within the with the board with network programming WHAT IS THE LEAST ENJOYABLEDigital Back-end Team at SKA Africa. This – this was the starting point for the support PART OF YOUR JOB?team is responsible for designing and build- and control software package.ing all the hardware, gateware, firmware Admin and report writing.and software for the Digital Back-end of the WHAT DO YOU ENJOY MOST?MeerKAT Radio Telescope. My job currently CAREER HIGHLIGHTS?involves designing and executing various The many opportunities to learn new thingstests to verify systems, writing software to in- each day is one of the major highlights. I Visiting the SKA Site in the Northern Capeterface with specialised hardware, exploring to execute a test on one of the MeerKAT|| SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Q&AAntennas. Being tasked with writing support TYPE OF PERSON THAT WOULD wish to follow – another reason why I optedand control software for the latest version ENJOY THIS KIND OF CAREER? for a position that would allow me to exploreof the Reconfigurable Open Architecture the options.Computing Hardware (ROACH) board, known Someone with a strong interest in electronicsas the SKARAB (Square Kilometre Array and who enjoys solving problems. Someone Following this I would like to move into aReconfigurable Application Board), used to who prefers to be in a laboratory prototyping more senior position but would still want theperform real-time digital signal processing hardware or be busy designing software or bulk of my time to be consumed by solvingfor MeerKAT. be out in the field executing tests. Someone engineering problems. Much later in my ca- who enjoys learning and being challenged. reer I would like the opportunity to manageTHREE IMPORTANT QUALITIES large scale engineering projects as either asTHAT YOUR POSITION POTENTIAL FOR GROWTH - Systems Engineer or Project Manager.REQUIRES WHERE CAN YOUR CURRENT POSITION LEAD? DOES THE INDUSTRY (ANDInitiative, critical thinking and problem solv- YOUR TYPE OF POSITION) THATing skills. As a junior electronics engineer there is lots YOU ARE IN, FACE GENDER of potential for growth. I could choose to BIAS?IN ONE SENTENCE, DESCRIBE specialise in a specific area of electronic en-YOUR JOB? gineering such as hardware design, software Historically the engineering industry has al- design or digital signal processing to name a ways been predominantly male. This howeverI am an Electronic Engineer working in a team few. Engineering itself has many opportuni- isn’t to say that this is due to a gender bias byresponsible for designing and building the ties for growth and it can lead to positions the industry, but rather due to small numbershardware, software, gateware and firmware such as being a System Engineer, Project of females choosing to enter engineering re-for the Digital Back-end of the MeerKAT Radio Manager or as even the general manager of lated fields. Electrical/Electronic engineeringTelescope. a specific team. particularly has some of the lowest numbers of female students and professionals. I doEXPERIENCE VS TRAINING? WHAT CHALLENGES HAVE YOU however think that this is changing. HAD TO OVERCOME?Training can only partially prepare you for IS CONTINUING EDUCATIONany job. It provides the basic, underlying Initially there was a bit of adjustment need- AND FURTHER STUDIESfoundation and knowledge equipping you ed as I had come straight out of university IMPORTANT IN YOUR TYPE OFto be able to learn to do the job effectively. I into the working world. Where previously I CAREER?personally feel that training is important, but focused mainly on the theory behind con-copious amounts of training cannot properly cepts, I had to now quickly get comfortable Whether or not further studies are impor-hone your skills in relation to completing a with implementing and using those concepts tant for an engineer depends purely on thejob as well as hands-on experience can. practically. individual’s long term career goals. Many engineers study further to specialise eitherADVICE FOR PEOPLE WHAT QUALIFICATIONS DO I before working, or after a few (typically notCONSIDERING THIS CAREER? NEED? more than three) years of working.If you are considering a career in science or The position that I am currently in is a gradu- There are also a large number of engineersengineering, prepare to be constantly chal- ate position. The minimum qualification who have not undertaken any further studieslenged, and expect to have the feeling of “I required is a BSc (Eng) or BEng in Electronic but have instead opted to accumulate hands-don’t know how to solve this” quite often. If Engineering. Candidates with postgraduate on experience in industry. Some jobs withinthat is what drives you then this is the type of qualifications are also considered. the industry however may have postgraduatecareer for you. It won’t be easy to learn the studies as a requirement. It is however alwaysnecessary skills, and your learning will never WHAT ARE YOUR CAREER advisable, if given the opportunity, to pursuestop. Hard work, commitment and dedication GOALS? further studies.are definite requirements for this career. Aschallenging as it may be however, it can also My long term career goal is to establishbe extremely rewarding, allowing you to ex- myself as a pioneer in a specific branch ofplore your own ideas and really push yourself electronic engineering. At this point, givento solving complicated problems. the vast number of branches available, I am still not decided on which specific direction I SCIENCE CAREERS SA ||



SKA1 LOW - the SKA’s low-frequency instrumentThe Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will be the world’s largest radio telescope, revolutionisingour understanding of the Universe. The SKA will be built in two phases - SKA1 and SKA2 -starting in 2018, with SKA1 representing a fraction of the full SKA. SKA1 will include twoinstruments - SKA1 MID and SKA1 LOW - observing the Universe at different frequencies.Location: Australia Frequency range: 130,000 50 MHz to antennas spread between 350 MHz 500 stations Total Maximum distance collecting between stations: surface: 65km0.4km2 Total raw data output: SKA1 LOW 157 terabytes per second 4.9 zettabytes per year Enough to fill up 5x35,000 DVDs the estimated every second global internet traffic in 2015 (source: Cisco)Compared to LOFAR Netherlands, the current best similar instrument in the world 25% 8x 135x better faster at resolution more mapping sensitive the sky

studentfunding|46 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

CAN’T AFFORD TO STUDY AFTER TVET College. Applications may also be done onlineSCHOOL? APPLY FOR FINANCIAL at selected higher education Institutions.ASSISTANCE FROM NSFAS. You may qualify for funding if you are:Are you in need of financial assistance to study • A South African citizen with financial need asat a University or Technical Vocational Education determined by NSFAS means test. You will haveand Training (TVET) College? The National to provide proof of your family’s household income.Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) can helpon the road towards your dream job. NSFAS is • Accepted for admission to study your first highera government student loan and bursary scheme. education qualification at a public university orNSFAS provides loans and bursaries to eligible TVET College.needy and academically deserving students. NSFAS loans have a really low interest rate and areNSFAS has funded over 1.5 Million South Africans repayable once you start working. Depending onfrom 1999. The Scheme continues to grow from your results, up to 40% of your NSFAS loan may beR441 million in 1999 to R8,5 billion in 2013. converted into a bursary, and that amount does not need to be repaid.Apply for a NSFAS study loan or bursary through For more information please visita Financial Aid Office at a public University or Call: 086 00 67 327 Email: [email protected] Website: www.nsfas.org.za NSFAS is a registered credit provider in terms of the national credit act 34 of 2005 (NCRCP 2655) |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 47

withPhumi MCoECommercialDiverWhy did you choose training would be conducted at a staff development programme, sothis career? Seadog Commercial Diving School in part of that includes me diving on a Saldanha Bay. Seadog Commercial regular basis to increase the numberI was at Sharks Board where we Diving School is the KZN Sharks of dives I have so that I can eventuallywere given a presentation about Board MCoE programme collaboration move on to diver supervisor level.commercial diving and after the partner. The training was very intensepresentation and answer session I just but worth it. What do enjoy most?knew that this career was my calling. What does your One of the reasons why I went intoWhat training did you job entail? the diving career field was the fact thatundergo, and where? it is a career that is quiet physically As I am a diver assistant at KZN demanding, and even though thereI was fortunate enough to be chosen Sharks Board Maritime Centre of is a lot of paper work involved youamongst 30 students at KwaZulu- Excellence and I am in charge of get to spent some time in the waterNatal Sharks Board Maritime Centre of equipment maintenance and making which I just love seeing as my starExcellence [KZNSB MCoE] to pursue sure that I do a Hazard Identification sign element is water, and there iscommercial diving where initially you Risk Assessments for all training dive this calm effect the ocean has whichhave to pass a physical test thereafter sites where I go out to various dive is quiet amazing not to mention theundergo intensive swimming. After sites and make sure it is safe enough fact that I love marine life so to workthe intensive swimming programme for students and insure that the in the ocean and to experience it on awe were given a pleasant surprise training rubber ducks are in good sea regular basis is just a blessing.that our class 4 air scuba diving worthy condition. I am also undergoing|48 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

What is the least Advice Phumi MCoEenjoyable part for gradeof your job? 11 and 12 learners a physically demanding job, so you considering this will find that a lot of people mightAlthough I am into physical fitness kind of career? doubt your capabilities as a femaleseeing as I was an athlete growing commercial diver, but if you areup and was involved in several sports What I would advise anyone to do dedicated, hardworking and knowareas such running, volleyball, netball before they go into any career is how to face challenges head on thenand a bit of hockey I however don’t to first do a self-evaluation then it doesn’t matter that you’re a female,particularly enjoy the carrying of once you know your strengths and all that matters is that you’ll be ableheavy equipment constantly as it can weaknesses then you can try to to do the job just as well if not betterget quiet strenuous when moving dive align them with your career in mind, than the males themselves.equipment from our premises to a and if you are passionate aboutcertain dive sites. diving then you should be swimming Is continuing further on a daily basis as well as doing studies important in3 important qualities physical training. It also a good idea your type of career?that your position to familiarise yourself with physicsrequires? and physiology as you have to deal It is very important that you with pressure and gas and safety continue to further your studies inTo be a commercial diver you need to management and the potential effects this career field especially if yoube hard worker, have a strong desire on one’s body on a regular basis. want to move on to supervisor orto take on difficult challenges, and instructor or managerial or offshorebe a team player as this job requires What qualification oil and gas positions. I wouldsomeone who is very enthusiastic do I need? personally recommend that oneand is willing to go the extra mile. You also does a degree programme,should also be the type of person who You need to have done mathematics, such as a science degree in marineenjoys the outside environment more physical science as well as life environment or in commercial divingthan being indoors all the time, you science in matric, because you deal technology (MDT) or specialise inget to work with a lot people so if you a lot with pressure, gas, volume, underwater wet welding (Weld-Tech)can adapt to different personalities density and physiology, so that way and you could also do advanced divethen that will be a bonus. you will have better understanding as medicine (Med-Tech) amongst other to what happens to your body duringIn one sentence, diving operations as well as what is studies. ■describe your job? happening with your dive equipment and your air supply in your cylinder.It is a very adventurous, exciting, Beyond the basic requirementschallenging, physically demanding but applicants must pass a clearvery rewarding job. chest x-ray and a diving physical examination as well as have goodExperience vs Training? swimming skills.I think with many things in life, if you Does the industry (anddon’t know something you will find it type of position) thatdifficult, or even think it’s impossible you are in, face anybut once you’ve learned how to gender bias?do something it becomes easierand it can even turn into an area of Commercial Diving is extremelyexpertise and that is exactly what has male dominated seeing as it’s suchhappened with me. The day I did myvery first dive I was terrified but nowI can’t wait to get into the water, sowhat I can say from experience, isthat comfort and confidence is borneout of knowledge, because now I am100% comfortable in the water andmy skills as a diver are improving bythe day. |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 49

withRudi SpiesNTeocnhDneicsitarunctive W hy did you choose this on each other. At the end of the day you have career? to complete reports and update the inspection schedule.I started out as a carpenter and the day I foundout that they are paying people to fly out to What do you enjoy most?an oilrig, tie a rope and then abseil down thederrick to do inspection work, I was sold! Working in an extreme environment with highly skilled people and the best equipment on the W hat training did you market. Oh and of course the food is good. undergo, and where? What is the least enjoyableI finished school at THS Drostdy and the part of your job?important subjects to have would be maths,science and technical drawing. Most of the Being away from home for long stretches at awork we do is at height, so I did my Rope time, missing birthdays and Christmases.access L1 - L3 at Toprope in Cape Town.Offshore survival is a must and that course Career highlights?was done at PENTEC along with a ProjectManagement course. Further I did Non- This job takes you to so many amazing jobsDestructive Testing (NDT) training through and places. From building stadiums in SouthNASA Cape Town (UT, UTM, MT, PT) and I Africa and Argentina to recoating a rig in thehave recently completed my NACE 3 (coating Adriatic ocean or doing training for Shell ininspection) this year, which took me sometime. Nigeria. I would have to say my highlightLastly, I have also completed my LOLER (lifting would be 2 years ago when I got the positiongear inspection) and advanced confined space of Maintenance and Inspection Supervisorrescue through Toprope. on the DS6 in Angola, at that stage the most advanced drilling ship in the world. What does your job entail? 3 important qualities thatMainly we do preventative maintenance your position requires?inspection. We have an Inspection schedulethat covers all the annual NDT inspection for Patience, we are working offshore, thingsthe whole rig stretched over a 1 year period. tend to take more time than usual and thingsWe also do all the rigging in of new equipment change all the time. You must be able to adaptand all the working at height for the rig. when plans change and stay calm when things go wrong. Integrity, we do a lot of inspection Describe an average day. work and people’s lives depend on how good we do it, there are no shortcuts and youEvery morning 2 meetings are held, where cannot allow yourself to be influenced by othersafety issues, scope of work and the areas that people or situations. A rope access team is awill be worked are discussed. After that I have tight group of people working in a potentiallyto start the Permit process for the area we are dangerous environment and we trust eachworking in for the specific job. Safety comes other daily with keeping each other safe.first! If it is working at height, I will then rig theropes and my team performs buddy checks You can’t be afraid of heights!|58 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

This job takes you to so Rudi Spies many amazing jobs and places. From building What qualifications do Istadiums in South Africa and need?Argentina to recoating a rig IRATA Rope Access L1-3; NDT (UT, UTM, ”in the Adriatic ocean PT, MT, EC); Offshore survival - These will In 1 sentence, get you started. Then later you can look at describe your job? some of these courses too: LOLER Lifting gear inspection; NACE 1-3 coating inspection;Keeping production on track and keeping OPITO Rigging; Confined space Rescue;people safe. DROPS inspection. Experience vs Training? Does the Industry (and your type of position) that you areWith good training you can start building in, face gender bias?the good work experience. But there is noreplacement for good experience in this job. None whatsoever. A dvice for grade 11 and 12 Is continuing education and learners considering this further studies important in career? your type of career?Like anything worth having this road will not Energy is a growing industry in solaralways be easy. Decide what you want to do farms, wind farms and oil productionand talk to people in the industry, make a planand stick to it. Get your inspection courses and will forever be changing. If youand certificates done early on as well as yourrope access. Remember, rope access is not don’t keep up, you will be left behind! ■a job, it is only a way of getting to where youhave to do the job and when you get thereyou still need a skill. |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 59



with Stuart DunlopBiological & Why did you chooseConservation this career?Scientist I had an interest in nature/wildlife from a young age. Having frequented many game reserves in my childhood, this interest strengthened over time and there was no other career path I could imagine. From the age of 5 I can remember having my bird field guide and binoculars handy wherever I went. While most other kids read non-fiction books and/or were playing computer games, I was reading field guides of nature and exploring my surroundings. What training did you undergo, and where? I studied a general Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in ecology at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) in Pietermaritzburg. I continued my studies with Honours in ecology and finally at Masters (MSc) level I converted to a marine orientated degree in biological and conservation sciences with a particular interest in marine biology (fisheries science). What does your job entail? I am a fisheries scientist with a particular interest in linefish resource management and marine protected areas What do you enjoy most? I enjoy being out in the field diving, fishing and collecting relevant fisheries data from the oceans and estuaries. What are the most enjoyable aspects of your position? I get a great degree of satisfaction ▶Continued on page 66|64 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

▶Continued from page 64 it for the passion and love of nature, Describe an i.e. job satisfaction average day.communicating with people, listeningto their stories and sharing information Type of person that Despite what many peopleon the marine environment. I would enjoy this think, marine biologist’sfeel honoured when I am able to kind of career? spend a large proportionshare information the public finds of their time (about 85%)both interesting and life changing. Someone who is outgoing and in an office behind aSometime this is information that we passionate about conservation. computer analysing datamarine biologists take for granted and writing up projectbut when shared s the catalyst in Potential for growth - reports, proposals,someone becoming a citizen scientist. Where can your current articles and papers. So position lead? an average day would beWhat is the least spent doing this. However,enjoyable part It is endless. A Bachelor of Science when we are in the field,of your job? degree has no boundaries. One we spend time collecting can go from terrestrial ecology (i.e. data, often for hours eitherData entry. Whenever we go into the studying the fauna and flora on land) on the beach or offshorefield we record various biological data. to marine ecosystems (e.g. fish and on a boat. This can beAll of this needs to be captured onto a corals). tough at times, especiallycomputer and analysed. if the weather is bad. What challenges have However, my moto is anyCareer highlights? you had to overcome? bad day in the field is better than any good dayGetting a job in my field of interest The degree itself can take some time spent in the office!straight after my studies. It is tough out to complete. I studied to a Masterthere and getting the right job straight level which was 6 years. So the only Does the Industry (andaway does not happen often. challenge for me was sacrificing your type of position) spending time with friends and family. that you are in, face3 important qualities But it is all worth it now. gender bias?that your positionrequires What qualifications No. In the earlier years there might do I need? have been more males doing marineOne has to be passionate about what biology, but it is certainly not theyou do, have a love and understanding 1. Matric with exemption presently the case. Some of Southof nature and be able to teach. It’s 2. Bsc (Bachelor of Science Africa’s best scientists are female.pointless doing research if you cannot (3 years).share and teach others about it. One can become a marine biologist at Is continuing education this point. However, studying further and further studiesIn 1 sentence, describe will increase your chances of securing important in your typeyour job? a good job, so I suggest studying to of career? at least a Masters level (+-6 years).I am a fisheries scientist with a particular 3. Honours (optional, 1 year) Yes, absolutely. The more you studyinterest in linefish resource management 4. Masters (optional, 1-2 years) the easier it becomes to find a job,and marine protected areas 5. Doctor of Philosophy (optional, 2-4 years) especially one you will enjoy. ■Experience vs Training What are your careerExperience and training are equally goals?important in my opinion. Someonewith a degree (3 years) and 5 years’ My career goals are not to be theexperience is probably better off than CEO or Director of a company or earnsomeone with a Doctorate (+- 8 years thousands of Rand’s, but rather toof studying) and no experience. always have job satisfaction and be happy with the line of work I am in.Advice for peopleconsidering this career.Don’t expect to earn a large salary, do|66 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Geology Rocks !What is a Geologist and what do they do?Geologists work to understand the history of our planet, defining geology as the study of theearth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials and the processesacting upon them and the organisms that have inhabited the planet. An important part ofgeology is the study of how earth’s materials, structures, processes and organisms havechanged over time.I have Qualified As A Geologist....Now What?There are many fields you could specialise in once qualified as a Geologist, such as:crystallography; economic geology; engineering geology; environmental geology;geochemistry; geomorphology; mapping, marine geology, palaeontology and tectonics, toname a few.Where do I find out more?Contact the Geological society of South Africa for more information on geology and becominga Geologist: Email: [email protected] or visit their website:www.gssa.org.za www.facebook.com/GeologicalSocietyofSouthAfrica Did you know? The word “geology” comes from the Greek word “ge” meaning rocks and “logos” meaning knowledge, so Geology literally means knowledge of rocks.

with Taufeeq Dhansey “ I am Mother Nature’s private ”investigator Geologist|68 SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Why did you choose What is the least Describethis career? enjoyable part of your an average day job? 4X4 driving, hiking,I am very interested in how the carrying a heavy bagEarth works. I love figuring out the Balancing the research work while that keeps gettingintricacies of an ever-changing trying to advance my career. heavier as moreplanet and how it affects life; and rocks are added,how life affects it. Career highlights? amazing landscapes, wild animals, strangeWhat training did you Running a field school for young rocks and a strangeundergo, and where? and inexperienced geoscientists and wonderful and having much of my field work World. Then, thereUndergrad in Geology (with resemble an Indiana Jones movie. are also the officehonours) and Analytical Chemistry days – which involve– UCT, Cape Town. 3 important qualities lots of reading andMasters in Geology – NMMU, Port that your position researching.Elizabeth. requires:Systems Analysis, Renewable What are yourEnergy – IIASA, Vienna. Analytical thinking, creative thinking, career goals?Early field work – All over South mental strength and an adventurousAfrica. spirit. Complete a PhD in applied geosciences and lead South AfricaWhat does your In 1 sentence, toward human-Earth sustainablejob entail? describe your job? development.Lots of field work to collect I am Mother Nature’s private Does the Industry (andgeological data – including; the investigator. your type of position)structure of rocks and mountains that you are in, faceand collecting samples of Advice for grade 11 gender bias?interesting rocks. This data is and 12 learnersthen analyzed in the office and considering this Yes, it is a major problem.laboratory. career? Is continuingThereafter, I need to process all Never forget your passion and love education and furtherthis data and determine the Earth’s of this planet and this universe. studies important inhistory, relative to the location I’m your type of career?working in. Applications of this is Type of person thatsubstantial, ranging from minerals, would enjoy this Absolutely. This is one of the mostenergy and water research. kind of career? important aspects. ■What do you Anybody who is crazy enough toenjoy most? think they can save the World.Working in distant and pristine Potential for growthlandscapes, trying to uncover the - Where can yoursecrets of Earth current position lead? Specialist researcher, leading large- scale research projects, e.g. across Africa. What challenges have you had to overcome? Most notably; financial and professional biasness. What qualifications do I need? Bachelors (with honours) in Geology. |SCIENCE CAREERS SA 69

Q&AWHY DID YOU CHOOSE Mpho TshisaphungoTHIS CAREER? can damage technology on earth and in WHAT DO YOU ENJOYWhile I was doing my undergraduate degree space. Just like you may want to know what MOST ABOUT YOUR JOB?(Bachelor of Science in Mathematics and the weather is going to be like in order toPhysics) at the University of Venda, I did not plan your day, there are others that need It is fascinating to see how dynamic the Sunknow what career opportunities lay ahead to know what the weather is like in space in can be on a day-to-day basis. Every day I learnfor me. It all began when I attended a space order to plan their day. something new in my quest to gain a deeperscience winter school at SANSA in Hermanus understanding of the nature of our Sun. Oneand never really left. Learning about space My job entails constantly monitoring solar thing is for sure, the sun is always full of sur-science and technology opened up a whole activity and preparing space weather fore- prises! As space weather is a fairly new field ofnew world for me, I was fascinated. During casts, warnings and alerts for government research, the work that I am doing is helpingthe winter school I engaged extensively with and private industry users. As Space Weather develop our knowledge of this field in Africathe SANSA researchers who recognised my Practitioner my main responsibility is coor- and the rest of the world. I also enjoy the op-potential and offered me an opportunity to dinating and managing the space weather portunities I get to travel around the globecontinue my studies at SANSA. I accepted centre and its activities as well as developing and learn from international space weatherand that was how my career in space weath- and maintaining relationships with space experts. Sometimes I get to visit places likeer began. weather clients. NASA and that is really amazing!WHAT FORMAL TRAINING DESCRIBE AN AVERAGE WHAT ARE THE MOSTDID YOU UNDERGO, AND DAY AT WORK? ENJOYABLE ASPECTSWHERE? OF YOUR CURRENT I begin each day making sure the space POSITION?There isn’t really any formal training in South weather information display is up and run-Africa in the field of space weather. When I ning and prepare a space weather bulletin Having the responsibility of organizing spacejoined SANSA as a Space Weather Assistant, for the day. I look at various images of the weather courses and training programmes asthey sent me to the Space Weather Services Sun to check any active regions that have the well as meetings with some very interestingin Australia for a month to be trained in this possibility of producing solar flares. The solar organisations in SA and around the world. Ifield. This gave me a lot of insight as to how wind data is also important to look at since also enjoy leading some of the internationala space weather centre operates and how to it has a direct influence on the Earth’s mag- project collaborations and making sure thatdo my duties. netic field. I check the measurements of the the work I do contributes towards achieving Earth’s magnetic field to see if there has been SANSA’s goals. WHAT EXACTLY DOES any disturbance. I also monitor radio wave YOUR JOB ENTAIL? propagation conditions for the use of high WHAT IS THE LEAST frequency (HF) communication. This allows ENJOYABLE DUTIES OFEvery now and then we experience extreme users of HF communication to know the best YOUR JOB?weather here on earth like hurricanes, tor- available time of communication.nadoes and floods. In space there is another I enjoy the overall aspect of my job. If therekind of extreme weather taking place on a is anything that I don’t enjoy, it is the papermuch larger scale known as space weather.Space is a really hostile place! Our Sun is con-stantly active and is the main driver of spaceweather, spewing out charged particles that|| SCIENCE CAREERS SA

Q&Awork that comes with the responsibilities of Being dedicated to your work plays a vital Statistics or Computer Science. Be passionatethe job. It is very important to have docu- role in this position. about what you do and you will enjoy everyments signed for approval of the work you aspect of it.are implementing in this career. Sometimes Respect: In my career, and many others, youdocuments may have to be approved by sev- are always interacting with different people TYPE OF PERSONALITY THATeral personnel for you to get the job done. from different cultures and you need to treat WOULD SUITE AND ENJOY everyone you meet with equal respect. THIS KIND OF CAREER PATH?CAREER HIGHLIGHTS TO DATE? Team Work: working as a team is what space weather forecasters do on a daily basis. To enjoy working in space weather forecast-I have represented the South African National ing you need to be observant and be able toSpace Agency at the European Space WHAT DO YOU FEEL IS analyse what you see. The skills and qualitiesWeather Week conference for the past four MORE IMPORTANT IN YOUR that you develop within the space weatheryears (2011-2014). This is a great honour to PROFESSION, EXPERIENCE forecasting community include analyticalrepresent South Africa and an opportunity to OR TRAINING? and problem solving skills as well as excellentshowcase our potential and expertise to the communication skills and a deep under-rest of the world. Another highlight was being To progress in my profession it is very im- standing of physics. It is also important toselected as a member of the South African portant to further your studies and have the have a curious and enthusiastic nature!National working group for the Scientific highest qualifications. In this way, you areCommittee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics and able to contribute more to the company’s POTENTIAL FOR GROWTH -the Committee on Space Research. decision making process. WHERE CAN YOUR CURRENT POSITION LEAD ?3 IMPORTANT QUALITIES ADVICE FOR GRADE 11 & 12THAT YOUR POSITION LEARNERS CONSIDERING There are a number of areas for progress asREQUIRES? THIS CAREER? a Space Weather Practitioner. You may want to focus more on space weather research orDedication: Space weather is a natural phe- Hard work always pays off! It is important you could move into a managerial position innomenon and extreme conditions can arise to always give your best and not to be afraid representing the space weather activities toat any time. When this happens, even on a of doing things a little differently as this government and policy makers. You can alsoSunday or during the Christmas holiday, you is how you stand out from the crowd. For become a chief specialist in a broader area ofneed to be ready to deal with the situation. learners who want to follow this career, a Space Science or an advisor. Physics course is required with Mathematics, SCIENCE CAREERS SA ||

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WANT TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE?Conserving the environment, supplying food for rapidly growing populations and ensuring that food and food sourcesare unpolluted and safe for consumption – these are topical issues on the agendas of the highest levels of governmentsall around the world. You can be at the forefront of the solutions to benefit the human race and the earth for genera-tions to come.DIVERSE CAREER OPTIONS!Careers in food production, conservation, processing and marketing, research, teaching, consultation, guidance, farmmanagement, environmental management and plant management eg.ANIMAL NUTRITION FRUIT INDUSTRY AGRI-BUSINESSCONSERVATION MANAGEMENT FOOD INDUSTRYFORESTRY AND WOOD PRODUCTS BIOTECHNOLOGY FARMING – CROPS, ANIMALS, VINEYARDSPLANT, ANIMAL AND HUMAN GENETICS WINEMAKING MARKETINGEXCITING PROGRAMMES IN: GENETICS PLANT PATHOLOGY AQUACULTURE (plant diseases)VITICULTURE AND OENOLOGY (fish and shellfish) SOIL SCIENCEANIMAL SCIENCES AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRONOMYFOOD SCIENCE CONSERVATION ECOLOGY (crops eg wheat and canola)HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE FORESTRY AND WOOD SCIENCE(fruit, vegetables, flowers) AND ENTOMOLOGYCONTACT US ASK YOUR QUESTIONS :tel: 021 808 2978 | fax: 021 808 2001 | email: [email protected] | website: www.sun.ac.za/agric

Q’s and A’sSoil Scientist andHorticulturist inthe Fruit industry DESCRIBE AN AVERAGE DAYWHY DID YOU CHOOSE THIS me to lead, Mr Mhlobo Jadezweni, AT WORK?CAREER? my residence head who taught me to There are two types of days: understand people, and Tienie du PreezAt age 5 the pre-school graduates have (who became my first boss) who taught 1. Prep for a field day starts the dayto publically proclaim their aspirations me to think scientifically and apply it before, making sure the GPS andfor their future. I wanted to be a farmer, a practically. As I see it I am still learning radios are charged. The field daybuilder and a rugby player. As every other formally every day. starts early with a trip to the site.boy in my class. The field work before planting WHAT EXACTLY DOES YOUR entails walking between profile pits In grade 11 the topic arose again. JOB ENTAIL? and establishing the soil potential.Given my general lack of brutish Field work also focusses on cropstrength, rugby player was off the table. I am a Soil Scientist and Horticulturist. status in order to adjust nutritionMy parents sat me down and said: “You My focus is nutrition on fruit crops, new and irrigation.can choose any career, as long as you orchard developments and irrigationbecome the best at it you will make a scheduling. I work on a variety of fruit 2. Field days are followed by office dayssuccess”. Having said that, my parents such as apples, pears, citrus, stone fruit, where reports, maps and programsallowed me to dream outside the box. coffee, tea, truffles and macadamia’s. are compiled.Agriculture was outside the box. I couldchoose a practical yet scientific career, We can look at the orchard as a WHAT DO YOU ENJOY MOSTwork outside and help farmers and competitive long distance athlete: The ABOUT YOUR JOB?ultimately contribute to food security nutrition side would focus on how muchand sustainability. and what food the athlete needs before The people and the places. the race for carbo loading, during the We work with people every day. This givesWHAT FORMAL TRAINING DID race for optimum endurance and after one the opportunity to be inspired byYOU UNDERGO, AND WHERE? the race for recovery. the positivepeople,andtoinspirethe negative people. Always remember that itI went to school in Johannesburg, taking The finish being at harvest. The can easily be the other way, that you getMaths, English, Afrikaans, Science, irrigation side would determine how stuck in a negative feedback loop, butBiology and History as my final subjects. to perfectly keep the athlete hydrated this is up to you as the only thingI went on to Stellenbosch University at the various phases of the race, not you can control is yourattitude.where I studied BSc Soil Science and over and not under. The new orchard We see beautiful places, someHorticulture and then a MSc in Soil development service is like the scouting, untouched and others developed, butScience. While at Stellenbosch I used training and conditioning before the all part of a perfect creation.every opportunity to meet with people athlete even competes. To make surewho would ultimately become mentors that when the time comes the orchard WHAT ARE THE MOSTin various aspects of my career. Industry will be successful and competitive. And ENJOYABLE ASPECTS OFleaders such as Prof. Mohammad Karaan just like in modern sport, we also use YOUR CURRENT POSITION?from dept. Agriscience who taught new technologies to help us.|| SCIENCE CAREERS SA