Full Circle WNTERVIE THE INDEPENDENT MAGAZINE FOR THE UBUNTU LINUX COMMUNITY PROJECT TRID I ISSUE #1 48 - August 201 9 ENT PROJECT TRIDENT contents ^ BRIEF LOOK AND INTERVIEW Full CirclefuMllacgiarczlienemisagneaiztihneer#af1f4il8iated w1ith, nor endorsed by, Canonical Ltd.
HowTo Full Circle Python p.1 0 THE INDEPENDENT MAGAZINE FOR THE UBUNTU LINUX COMMUNITY Linux News p.04 Serial Terminal Server p.1 4 Command & Conquer p.08 Linux Loopback p.25 Everyday Ubuntu p.28 Darktable p.1 7 Ubuntu Devices p.31 The Daily Waddle p.32 My Opinion p.33 p.XX Review p.36 Letters p.45 Review p.38 Inkscape p.20 Q&A p.42 Linux Certified p.45 Ubuntu Games p.47 Graphics The articles contained in this magazine are released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. This means you can adapt, copy, distribute and transmit the articles but only under the following conditions: you must attribute the work to the original author in some way (at least a name, email or URL) and to this magazine by name ('Full Circle Magazine') and the URL www.fullcirclemagazine.org (but not attribute the article(s) in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you must distribute the resulting work under the same, similar or a compatible license. Full Circle magazine is entirely independent of fCualnl ocni riccalel, tmhea gspaozninseor#o1f4th8e U bun2tu projects, a nd the views an d opinion s in the m agazine should in no way be assumed to have Canonical endorsement. contents ^
EDITORIAL This magazine was created using : WELCOME TO ANOTHER ISSUE OF FULL CIRCLE! Find Full Circle on: N o Freeplane this month, but we still have Python, Darktable and Inkscape for you, and Erik goo.gl/FRTMl continues with his Linux Certified series. SJ returns with another chapter in his Linux Loopback series, and an interview. Both articles facebook.com/fullcircle magazine deal with Project Trident. A BSD variant. All going well he'll be writing more about it next month. twitter.com/#!/fullcirclemag Elsewhere, we have a review of KDE Neon. I used to be a fan of KDE, so I keep an eye on it. I'd http://issuu.com/fullcircle magazine dearly love to be able to use it again. The longer Plasma continues, the less likely it looks like they'll ever implement proper GUI graphic tablet support. Such a shame when desktops such as https://mastodon.social/ GNOME have it by default. @fullcirclemagazine It was delayed for a week, or two, but Ubports Touch OTA-1 0 is finally out. There are quite a Weekly News: few bug fixes and minor tweaks. It's coming along great. I really do hope that some day we'll have an Ubuntu variant on devices that can run desktop software (in some way, shape, or form). That http://fullcirclemagazine.org/f with convergence (your device hooked up to a monitor) would be incredible. But I think that's still eed/podcast quite a way off. http://www.stitcher.com/s?fi d=85347&refid=stpr All the best, and keep in touch! http://tunein.com/radio/Full- Ronnie Circle-Weekly-News-p855064/ [email protected] contents ^ FCM PATREON : https://www.patreon.com/fullcirclemagazine full circle magazine #1 48 3
NEWS Submitted by Arnfried Walbrecht KDE PLASMA 5.1 7 LINUX , as well as new icons to the Plasma DEBCONF20 CONFERENCE experience for the Debian DESKTOP TO MODERNIZE Discover package manager. Last TAKES PLACE AUGUST 23- developer, but also for users, who THE SETTINGS, ADD MANY but not least, the KDE Plasma 5.1 7 29 FOR DEBIAN can gather together to share their UI CHANGES desktop environment promises a GNU/LINUX 1 1 knowledge and laid down the plans more user-friendly Audio Volume \"BULLSEYE\" for the next major release of the O ne of the nicest changes to widget, will let users choose which Debian GNU/Linux operating be implemented in the category they want to use for the system. For more information upcoming KDE Plasma 5.1 7 Nnew Unsplash Wallpapers Picture about DebConf20, check out the desktop environment is a totally ext year, in 2020, the Debian official website at revamped System Settings of the Day plugin, and warn users Project will celebrate 1 2 years https://wiki.debian.org/DebConf/2 window, which now features a when apps need to be restarted from the launch of the first 0. Work on the upcoming Debian modern look and feel to make for new fonts are being applied. DebConf Debian developer GNU/Linux 1 1 \"Bullseye\" operating setting up various aspects of the The final release of the KDE conference, and they selected system series already started, as KDE Plasma desktop a breeze for Plasma 5.1 7 desktop environment Israel's Haifa instead of Portugal's developers were recently invited newcomers and advanced users is expected to hit the streets later Lisbon for DebConf20 despite to upload their packages to the alike. Apart from the modernized this fall on October 1 5th. It will be Israel's political system. Now, they Debian Testing repositories, where System Settings, KDE Plasma 5.1 7 available for public beta testing announced the official dates for the development takes place. will let users sort the order of starting September 1 9th. Under DebConf20, which will take place However, it will be a couple of image slideshow wallpapers, add a the hood, KDE Plasma 5.1 7 will be between August 23rd and 29th. years until Debian GNU/Linux 1 1 \"Manual\" mode to the Night Color using the Qt 5.1 2 and 5.1 3 libraries,DebConf20 is for Debian \"Bullseye\" will see the light of day, feature so you can turn it on and along with the KDE Frameworks GNU/Linux 1 1 \"Bullseye,\" the next most probably in the summer of off whenever you want, as well as 5.63 and KDE Applications 1 9.08 major release of the famous 2021 . support for syncing DPI and software suites. Debian GNU/Linux operating NumLock key status to the SDDM Source: login screen. Other changes will Source: system coming after the recently https://news.softpedia.com/news/ include rewritten controls for https://news.softpedia.com/news/ announced Debian GNU/Linux 1 0 debconf20-conference-takes- widget positioning on the desktop kde-plasma-5-1 7-linux-desktop-to- \"Buster\" series. Therefore, all the place-august-23-29-for-debian-gnu- to improve location of widgets and modernize-the-settings-add-many- discussions and workshops will be linux-1 1 -bullseye-526857.shtml the ability for widget resize icons ui-changes-526856.shtml to share ideas and knowledge that and handles to automatically will ultimate lead to new features contents ^ increase their size on touchscreens to be implemented in Debian GNU/Linux 1 1 \"Bullseye.\" DebConf represents an important full circle magazine #1 48 4
NEWS release. Based on Canonical's long- CANONICAL RELEASES NEW allow a local attacker to expose LINUX LITE 4.6 ENTERS term supported Ubuntu 1 8.04.2 LINUX KERNEL LIVE PATCH sensitive information (kernel DEVELOPMENT BASED ON LTS (Bionic Beaver) operating FOR UBUNTU 1 8.04 AND memory) as the Linux kernel failed UBUNTU 1 8.04.2 LTS system, Linux Lite 4.6 has entered 1 6.04 LTS to properly zero out memory or development with various updated verify NULL terminated strings in H ighlights of the Linux Lite 4.6 components from upstream, C oming hot on the heels of the certain situations. Additionally, the release include a new theme including the Linux 4.1 5.0-55 last Linux kernel security kernel live patch includes a fix for selector in the Lite Welcome tool kernel, Mozilla Firefox 68.0.1 updates released by Canonical last an eight-years-old exploit (CVE- to make it easier for newcomers to \"Quantum\" as default web week for all supported Ubuntu 201 1 -1 079) discovered by Vasiliy select between the Light and Dark browser, and LibreOffice 6.0.7 as Linux releases, this new kernel live Kulikov in Linux kernel's Bluetooth themes, along with a new default office suite. Also included patch is now available for users of stack, which could allow a local Keyboard and Num Lock sections. are the Mozilla Thunderbird 60.8.0 the Ubuntu 1 8.04 LTS (Bionic attacker to crash the system, which Moreover, the Lite Sources utility email and news client, VLC 3.0.7 Beaver) and Ubuntu 1 6.04 LTS could lead to a denial of service or has been updated with comments media player, and GIMP 2.1 0.1 2 (Xenial Xerus) operating systems the leak of contents of kernel stack only about the Linux Lite image viewer and editor. The first who use the Canonical Livepatch memory, putting the privacy of repositories. Another interesting Release Candidate (RC) of the Service to apply rebootless kernel users at risk. All users of the addition to Linux Lite 4.6 is the Linux Lite 4.6 operating system is updates. It fixes five security Ubuntu 1 8.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) CPU Performance mode plugin now available for public testing to issues, including a race condition and Ubuntu 1 6.04 LTS (Xenial from the Xfce desktop allow the community to test it and (CVE-201 9-1 1 81 5), which could Xerus) operating system series environment (xfce4-cpufreq- send feedback to the developers. using the Canonical Livepatch plugin), which is now available as Service can now apply the an option for the system tray. Source: lead to a use-after-free, in Linux rebootless kernel live patch on Users can select it and move it https://news.softpedia.com/news/l kernel's RDS (Reliable Datagram their installations. The version of wherever they want by right- inux-lite-4-6-enters-development- Sockets) protocol implementation the kernel liv patch that needs to clicking on the Taskbar, then go to based-on-ubuntu-1 8-04-2-lts-here- that may allow a local attacker to installed is 53.1 for both generic Panel > Add new items > CPU s-what-s-new-526869.shtml crash the system or execute and lowlatency flavors. Frequency Monitor. Last but not arbitrary code, as well as a flaw least, Linux Lite 4.6 comes with a (CVE-201 9-2054) affecting ARM Source: new Volume toggle tutorial in the CPUs, which lets local attackers to https://news.softpedia.com/news/ Help Manual, and maybe a USB bypass seccomp restrictions. Also canonical-releases-new-linux- Persistence tutorial if the time patched are two issues (CVE-201 9- kernel-live-patch-for-ubuntu-1 8-04- permits, a plethora of new 1 1 833 and CVE-201 9-1 1 884) and-1 6-04-lts-526888.shtml wallpapers, an updated Papirus discovered in Linux kernel's EXT4 icon theme, and support for a wide file system and Bluetooth Human contents ^ range of Linux kernel series from Interface Device Protocol (HIDP) Linux 3.1 3 to the latest Linux 5.2 implementations, which could full circle magazine #1 48 5
NEWS Amazon EC2 On-Demand fact that the Linux Mint 1 9.2 \"Tina\" LINUX KERNEL 5.1 REACHED CANONICAL ANNOUNCES Hibernation, users should keep in operating system will be officially END OF LIFE, USERS URGED AMAZON EC2 ON-DEMAND mind of a known issues related to released later in the week for all TO UPGRADE TO KERNEL 5.2 HIBERNATION FOR UBUNTU KASLR (Kernel Address Space supported flavors, including 1 8.04 LTS Layout Randomisation), which may Cinnamon, MATE, and Xfce. A nnounced in early May 201 9, prevent KASLR-enabled machines the Linux 5.1 kernel series A s one can imagine, the to not resume completely after Now, it looks like the final ISO brought the ability to use Amazon EC2 On-Demand hibernation. As a workaround, images of Linux Mint 1 9.2 were persistent memory as RAM, as well Hibernation functionality lets Canonical recommends users pushed to the main download as support for booting to a device- users start up Amazon EC2 disabling KASLR. According to server, so you can grab them right mapper device without using instances, configure them to their Canonical, Amazon EC2 On- now and install the operating initramfs, support for cumulative needs, hibernate them, and then Demand Hibernation will soon be system on your personal computer patches in live kernel patching, and launch them again whenever they available for other supported if you don't want to wait for the more preparations for year 2038. want with all the running apps in Ubuntu releases on AWS (Amazon official announcement later this the last state before they were put Web Services), such as Ubuntu week. The Linux 5.1 kernel has now to sleep. With Amazon EC2 On- 1 6.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus) or newer reached end of life with the 5.1 .21 Demand Hibernation there's no releases like Ubuntu 1 9.04 (Disco Linux Mint 1 9.2 \"Tina\" also maintenance update released by need to rebuild the memory Dingo). However, the company did comes with a plethora of Greg Kroah-Hartman earlier this footprint of your apps, and it also not said when these Ubuntu enhancements and updated in- week. lets you maintain a fleet of pre- releases will be updated. house built apps and utilities to warmed Amazon EC2 instances make your Linux Mint experience If you are still using the Linux that may increase your Source: better and more enjoyable. An in- 5.1 kernel on your favorite productivity without the need to https://news.softpedia.com/news/ depth article with all the new GNU/Linux distribution, you should modify any of your existing canonical-announces-amazon-ec2- features will be published when either update it as soon as possible applications in the cloud. If you're on-demand-hibernation-for- Linux Mint 1 9.2 \"Tina\" is officially to the latest Linux kernel 5.1 .21 using Ubuntu on AWS (Amazon ubuntu-1 8-04-lts-526893.shtml announced. point release, or upgrade it to the Web Services), you can now Linux 5.2 kernel series, the latest benefit of Amazon EC2 On- LINUX MINT 1 9.2 \"TINA\" IS Source: version of the moment of writing Demand Hibernation in Ubuntu NOW AVAILABLE FOR https://news.softpedia.com/news/l being Linux kernel 5.2.5. 1 8.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver). To DOWNLOAD inux-mint-1 9-2-tina-is-now- enable it, you need to use the available-for-download- Source: necessary software updates in the E arlier this week, the leader of 526906.shtml https://news.softpedia.com/news/l Ubuntu 1 8.04 LTS AWS Machine the Linux Mint project, inux-kernel-5-1 -reached-end-of- Images (AMIs) with a serial of Clement Lefebvre, revealed the 6 life-users-urged-to-upgrade-to- 201 90722.1 or later. Before using linux-kernel-5-2-526905.shtml full circle magazine #1 48 contents ^
NEWS install xrdesktop from source. GNOME and KDE ahead of the arbitrary code or cause a denial of Source: event indicate that this time, we service (system crash). THE VR LINUX DESKTOP IS could see some concrete decisions https://www.zdnet.com/article/the regarding the future of Linux Additionally, the security patch ON ITS WAY -vr-linux-desktop-is-on-its-way/ operating systems. By working addresses a race condition (CVE- together, they want to bring a 201 9-1 1 599) discovered by Google V irtual reality (VR) is moving KDE AND GNOME ARE unified approach to the Linux Project Zero's Jann Horn in Linux from games to work, but on JOINING HANDS TO BUILD A community and look past the kernel when performing core the Linux desktop it's had a hard NEW-AGE LINUX DESKTOP variety of distros. The aim is to dumps, which could allow a local row to hoe. While many VR come up with a unified application attacker to expose sensitive peripherals and head-mounted T here are many Linux users out system that is scalable. information or crash the system by display (HMD) support Linux, some there and despite that, Linux causing a denial of service (DoS \"supported\" games have trouble desktops have failed to break into Source: attack). running on Linux. VR gaming on the mainstream when compared to https://fossbytes.com/kde-gnome- Linux is getting better. But if you Microsoft’s Windows. One of the joining-hands-build-linux-desktop/ Also fixed are two issues (CVE- wanted to use a Linux desktop via main reasons behind it, as 201 9-1 1 833 and CVE-201 9-1 1 884) VR, you were out of luck. Your luck described by Linus Torvalds, is “the CANONICAL RELEASES LINUX discovered in Linux kernel's EXT4 may be turning now with the fragmentation of different [Linux] 5.0 KERNEL (HWE) file system implementation and xrdesktop. Xrdesktop is an open- vendors.” There are multiple Linux SECURITY UPDATE FOR Bluetooth Human Interface Device source project. It's designed to let vendors, unlike the Windows UBUNTU 1 8.04.2 LTS Protocol (HIDP) implementation, you work with traditional desktop ecosystem, which creates a lack of both of each could allow a local environments, such as GNOME and a unified approach. T his Linux Hardware attacker to expose sensitive KDE, in VR. It does this by making Enablement (HWE) kernel from information (kernel memory). window managers aware of VR. It However, now two of the most Ubuntu 1 9.04 for Ubuntu 1 8.04.2 then uses VR runtimes to render popular Linux desktop competitors LTS includes the same fixes for four Source: desktop windows in 3D space. – GNOME Foundation and KDE – security flaws that Canonical https://news.softpedia.com/news/ Once there, you'll be able to work are coming together to work on a added in the lastest kernel for canonical-releases-linux-5-0-kernel- on the desktop using VR Linux desktop. Both open-source Ubuntu 1 9.04 last week, including hwe-security-update-for-ubuntu- controllers in place of a mouse and biggies are set to sponsor the an integer overflow (CVE-201 9- 1 8-04-2-lts-526921 .shtml keyboard. Want to give it a whirl? Linux App Summit (LAS) 201 9 1 1 487) discovered in Linux kernel, You can find installation which is scheduled for November which could lead to use-after-free contents ^ instructions on xrdesktop Wiki. The 1 2th and 1 5th, 201 9. issues as local attackers were able program is available in packages to use the exploit to execute for Arch Linux and Ubuntu Linux. The statements issued by You can also install it on other full circle magazine #1 48 7 distributions, but you'll need to
COMMAND & CONQUER Raspberry Pi Update Written by Lucas Westermann L ast month, I wrote about FSTAB connected via USB. Read/write mounted the drive properly. pressing my Raspberry Pi into speeds seem to be a bit faster for service to start hosting some Turns out the fstab entry I that drive compared to the 4TB Static IPs always-on tools that I use wrote (based off an ext4 entry) portable drive I have (full size hard internally, now that I’ve replaced had some options I couldn’t use for drive VS laptop size hard drive). I also noticed that the static IP I my NUC with a Dell XPS 1 5 7590. btrfs. The fix was fairly However, it’s not a device I can set up for my cottage network was This month, I wanted to give a straightforward (looking up what reasonably pack up and take on working just fine when the device small update on things I’ve noticed options were supported by btrfs vacation with me (especially as the connected to the wireless. As for while using the RPi for over a and removing any that weren’t). AC adapter is for Germany and the issues I had back home, I think month now. The tricky part was figuring out would require an adapter in it was caused by a few factors: what the issue was - I expected the Canada). What I did instead was to • We have a Ubiquiti UniFi AC CONCERNS drive to be mounted on boot, but it copy over the data from the 3TB wireless access point that provides wasn’t. Manually running sudo drive to the 4TB drive, and create a our wireless network. Turns out, In my last article, I mentioned mount -a did yield error messages new entry in the fstab (with a the device had at some point taken that while avahi-daemon was though (albeit not terribly detailed nofail option) so that I can boot the the IP I originally assigned to the Pi running, the local domain didn’t ones). A bit of googling later and I Pi regardless of whether or not for itself. always work (raspberrypi.local). figured out an entry that works. As one of the drives are connected. • I also connected the Pi to my Besides that, I also noticed the such, if anyone else needs to After the first slower boot, I can wired LAN, whereas I realized my following issues: debug an fstab entry for a slightly then uncomment/comment the static IP was only set up for the • My fstab entry didn’t work for the less common filesystem, I corresponding lines. Both drives wireless interface. btrfs drive I was using. recommend checking the options have the same folder structure and • I needed to mount a portable you’re using before moving on to can therefore act as drop-in As such, I think it's safe to hard drive in the same location as more complicated debugging. replacements for Plex. As the assume that the static IP my desktop-bound hard drive, so media is the same on both as well, I configuration I’m using actually that Plex could still load/read the MOUNT POINT USED FOR don’t need to rescan the library to works, and that I simply need to media structure without me having TWO DRIVES (NEVER adjust the selection. adjust the IP for my other wireless to manage two libraries. SIMULTANEOUSLY) network. I’m not yet sure if it • Static IPs as configured on my RPi I set this up at our cottage like I makes sense to configure a static didn’t seem to be working in my Point here is that I have a 3TB usually do (where the Pi acts as a IP for the LAN interface, as it will last article. WD MyBook that sits on my desk print server for an old Brother cause issues the moment a router and runs off an AC adapter and is printer and as a Plex server). I had uses a different subset or the IP is no issues whatsoever once I had taken. full circle magazine #1 48 8 contents ^
COMMAND & CONQUER AVAHI-DAEMON tablet or phone. My iPad connects Lucas has learned all he knows from to the local domain without issues, I also believe the issues I had so it does seem to be only an repeatedly breaking his system, then with the raspberrypi.local domain Android issue. I don’t really mind having no other option but to were coming from the fact that this, so long as I have access to discover how to fix it. You can email both the wireless and the LAN some device where I can use ping Lucas at: [email protected]. connection were active at the to discover the automatically same time (and as such the assigned IP in those rare cases interfaces weren’t sure which where the Pi is active somewhere I should receive traffic on that haven’t configured a static IP. domain). Since I’ve been at our cottage and the Pi has been Hopefully this article can help running solely on wireless, I’ve had anyone who might be using a no issues with the local domain. Raspberry Pi in a similar environment. If you have any other That being said - Android does tips you want to share, or if you not seem to handle mDNS at all, so have any article ideas you want to you’ll need to use IP addresses pass along to me, you can reach me specifically when using an Android at [email protected]. full circle magazine #1 48 9 contents ^
HOW-TO Python In The REAL World Pt.96 Written by Greg Walters L ast month, I talked about While it's easy to deal with a above noted sites, and on others – Now you need to make a Python 3.8.0b2 and I suggested version of Python 2.x and a version with a simple web search. decision on where you are going to that if you wanted to try it, you of 3.x on a single machine, install pyenv. I suggest you put it should consider a virtual sometimes library versions will There are two ways to install into the home directory. Change to environment. I then realized that I conflict, and that can cause pyenv. There is an easy way and a whatever directory you choose, hadn't really discussed virtual programs to stop working. hard way. I'm going to discuss the and enter: environments before. So, I'm going easy way. The reason for this is to now. WHAT'S THE SOLUTION? that the easy way not only installs $ curl https://pyenv.run | pyenv, but also installs some other bash WHAT IS A PYTHON I found a project called pyenv pyenv tools that will be helpful – VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT? that pretty much does everything like pyenv-virtualenv, pyenv- This runs the installer for pyenv. you need without much pain. You update, and more. While you can Close your terminal and reopen it. Basically, it allows you to can find it at manually get these installed, this This loads any changes to the manage multiple versions of https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv. I way is so much easier. .bashrc file, or, alternatively, you Python (and pip) easily, without found a great installation guide at can enter: messing up any of the packages or https://realpython.com/intro-to- The first thing you need to do is configurations that you already pyenv/. It is this guide that I used install the dependencies. You $ source ~/.bashrc have. Why would you have multiple to install pyenv on my laptop, and probably have most of them, but versions of Python? I know my I'll try to distill it down to get you run the install command below just Next, we need to modify the environment is probably up and running in the least amount to be safe. Open a terminal and .bashrc file. If you are using a somewhat different from your of time. enter... different version, it might be needs, but I have multiple .bash_profile. In your terminal, machines, and on each, my \"main\" GETTING STARTED sudo apt-get install -y make type: version of Python is either 3.6 or build-essential libssl-dev 3.7 depending on what I'm doing. I'll limit my instructions to those zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev \\ $ gedit ~/.bashrc For example, I have one instance of for a PC using Ubuntu/Linux libreadline-dev libsqlite3- Python 3.6 for machine learning Mint/Debian or some other similar dev wget curl llvm and add the following lines (next programming, one Python 3.7 for Linux distribution. If you are on a libncurses5-dev libncursesw5- page, top right) to the bottom of \"normal\" work, one for testing of MAC, or use some other Linux dev \\ the file. Python 3.8 beta, and I still have a distribution, there are many pieces xz-utils tk-dev libffi-dev version of Python 2.7 just-in-case. of helpful information on the two liblzma-dev python-openssl Make sure that the first line git defining the PYENV_ROOT points to the correct directory. full circle magazine #1 48 1 0 contents ^
HOWTO - PYTHON $ pyenv install 3.7.4 export PYENV_ROOT=\"$HOME/pyenv\" export PATH=\"$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH\" Save your .bashrc file and This takes about five minutes if command -v pyenv 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then reload it. As before, this can be on my old laptop, so go get a cup done by either closing and re- of coffee or tea and come back. eval \"$(pyenv init -)\" opening the terminal, or by simply fi typing: Once the install is finished, type: versions that pyenv has installed Now ask python what version it $ source ~/.bashrc by doing a: is... $ pyenv versions This will cause the .bashrc to $ ls ~/pyenv/versions/ $ python -V reload. Now, just to be complete, You should see something like run an update on pyenv. this... This is where all of the pyenv What you should see is Python versions are located. If you something like this... $ pyenv update $ pyenv versions ever want to delete one, simply system type: Python 3.7.4 Now we have to install a version of Python. Right now, let's do the * 3.7.4 (set by rm -rf If not, try doing \"exec $SHELL\" latest version of 3.7, which is 3.7.4. /home/greg/.python-version) ~/pyenv/versions/{version and try again. Again in your terminal window, number} type: A couple of things here to note. Now just for sanity sake, go First, you'll see * 3.7.4 which lets in a terminal window. For example, back to the system version. $ pyenv install --list you know which version is set as if I wanted to delete the 3.7.4 the current default version of version, I'd do: $ pyenv local system This will list all of the available Python when using pyenv. Next, $ python -V packages that you can install. It's a there is a \"system\" version, which $ rm -rf VERY long list, with the actual is your regular version before we ~/pyenv/versions/3.7.4 You should see your normal Python versions near the top. started this process. You can Python instance restored. Now, You'll also see versions of jython, always use this without using Or, you can do it with a pyenv let's install the latest version of ironpython, anaconda and pyenv. To prove this, in your command: 3.8.0 in pyenv (which, at this anaconda3, activepython, and terminal, type: writing, is 3.8.0b2). more. Right now, we can verify $ pyenv uninstall 3.7.4 that the version text we need to $ python -V $ pyenv install 3.8-dev use is \"3.7.4\". (In a little bit, we'll But don't do that yet. Let's tell also add the latest available You should see whichever pyenv that we want to use the After about 5 minutes, version of 3.8.0). version you normally use. 3.7.4 version we just installed. everything will be installed. To verify, do the following: To install, type: Now, you can always see what $ pyenv local 3.7.4 full circle magazine #1 48 1 1 contents ^
HOWTO - PYTHON You might also get a notice to something like: version. Many users are trying to upgrade pip. Go ahead and do that get the maintainers of pyenv to $ pyenv versions if you want, then we'll set up a Looking in links: change their minds, since this can $ pyenv local 3.8-dev virtual environment. /tmp/tmpby1g9af4 tell you what, if any, virtual $ python -V Requirement already environment you are using just at a Notice that we are using \"pip\" satisfied: setuptools in glance. Finally, let's make sure that we and not \"pip3\". It actually doesn't /home/greg/pyenv/versions/3.8 are using the correct pip – so we matter which you use when you - Now, verify you are using the can install some libraries... are working with a pyenv install. dev/envs/38beta/lib/python3.8 correct python version… They are all the same. (There is an /site-packages (40.8.0) $ pyenv which pip issue that some are having where Requirement already $ python -V the wrong pip is being used when satisfied: pip in Python 3.8.0b2+ You should see something like: going by to the system version. As /home/greg/pyenv/versions/3.8 a safety check, when using system, - And verify the pip version /home/greg/pyenv/versions/3.8 do a \"pip3 --version\" after setting dev/envs/38beta/lib/python3.8 points to the correct python -dev/bin/pip back to system version). /site-packages (19.0.3) installation... and to further prove it to Now, we'll deal with the virtual Now we want to activate our (38beta) greg@greg-Latitude- ourselves... environment. As I said earlier, this virtual environment E5500:~$ pip --version is so we can have various special pip 19.1.1 from $ pip --version libraries installed without causing $ pyenv activate 38beta /home/greg/pyenv/versions/3.8 pip 19.0.3 from issues with our \"normal\" - /home/greg/pyenv/versions/3.8 environment. Since we chose the You should see: dev/envs/38beta/lib/python3.8 -dev/lib/python3.8/site- easy install option, the virtualenv /site-packages/pip (python packages/pip (python 3.8) plugin is already installed. We'll pyenv-virtualenv: prompt 3.8) create a virtual environment for changing will be removed from So now we know that our our 3.8-dev install. The basic future release. configure To get out of the virtual version of Python is 3.8.0b2, and syntax is \"pyenv virtualenv `export environment, simply use... the pip that we are using is also <python version> <environment PYENV_VIRTUALENV_DISABLE_PROM from python 3.8. As normal, let's name>\". So, for our example, we'll PT=1' to simulate the $ pyenv deactivate do a pip list to see what library do... behavior. packages are installed. (38beta) greg@greg-Latitude- This should reset the prompt $ pyenv virtualenv 3.8-dev E5500:~$ back to its \"normal\" environment. $ pip list 38beta The first thing you should At this point, you should now and you should see... and the response should be notice is the (38beta) that appears be able to move around using full circle magazine #1 48 before your prompt. This lets you different Python versions pretty Package Version know that you are now in the easily, activate and deactivate your ---------- ------- virtual environment 38beta. Next, virtual environments, and install pip 19.0.3 notice the warning notice above. setuptools 40.8.0 This says that the prompt change contents ^ will be going away in some future 12
HOWTO - PYTHON If you want to keep up with the 08. latest beta and release candidates new versions of python. within your pyenv world, when a Greg Walters is a retired new version is released, give it a I should say that whatever you day or two before you try to install programmer living in Central Texas, do, don't use python 3.8.0 for any the new one. Get a list from pip of USA. He has been a programmer serious production work until the the library packages you have since 1 972 and in his spare time, he full release comes out sometime in installed in your beta setup (pip list is an author, amateur photographer, October or November. The actual > pippkgs38beta.txt), and use this luthier, fair musician and a pretty release is currently scheduled for raw file to create a darn good cook. He still is the owner October 21 , 201 9. Here is the requirements.txt file that you can of RainyDaySolutions a consulting schedule as of now... use to automate the re-installation company and he spends most of his process, and finally remove the old time writing articles for FCM and 3.8.0 beta 3: Monday, 2019- beta or release candidate (rm -rf tutorials. His website is 07-29 ~/pyenv/versions/3.8-dev), then www.thedesignatedgeek.xyz . 3.8.0 beta 4: Monday, 2019- reinstall the new version. Just for 08-26 your information, Python 3.9 3.8.0 candidate 1: Monday, development is already underway. 2019-09-30 The first alpha release is scheduled 3.8.0 candidate 2: Monday, for 201 9-09-1 3, the first beta is 2019-10-07 (if necessary) scheduled for 2020-01 -20 and final 3.8.0 final: Monday, 2019-10- release is scheduled for 2020-06- 21 full circle magazine #1 48 1 3 contents ^
HOW-TO Setting Up A Serial Terminal Server Written by Alan Ward Y ears ago, many screen-less serial connection means we can that we are very happy to have at port, in this case with the DB-9 devices did not usually have troubleshoot and repair our our disposition when the need male connector. The other dongle access to any kind of dedicated system without ever needing to arises. will be used on a Raspberry Pi. network. Ubiquitous WiFi was not plug in a screen and a keyboard Although this small board already yet a thing, nor was Bluetooth. which, depending on its physical THE HARDWARE has two possibilities as regards Some of the more expensive location, may be something of an serial connections, the onboard printers did have Ethernet cards, issue. The protocols concerned are I picked up the hardware electronic circuits work only with as did servers, but in many cases, relatively simple, software is required for this experiment TTL (Transistor-transistor level) to set up the device or to regain ubiquitous (for GNU/Linux and BSD online, and for a mere 1 0 euros voltages of about 0 V (for a logic control in the case of a crash, operating systems), and hardware obtained: two USB-to-serial 0), and about +5 V (for a logic 1 ) access was made through a serial is cheap. For this reason, serial dongles, and one 1 .8 meter null- which, incidentally, is also the case connection. access can become something akin modem cable. One of the dongles for the Arduino. The usual serial to a spare tire: a technique that we will be needed to equip my connection for computers, on the Flash forward to modern times, do not really wish to use often, but (modern) computer with a serial other hand, obeys the RS-232 norm and the serial port has disappeared and works with inverted voltages altogether from most computers – of about +1 2 V (for a logic 0), and though some servers and -1 2 V (for a logic 1 ). Specific professional-grade routers still integrated circuits (such as the retain them as standard. The major MAX 232) are available to do use-case as of now is probably conversion; however, for the access to automobile onboard Raspberry Pi it is simpler and more electronics, through the OBD (On- convenient to use a standard USB board Diagnostic) port found to serial dongle. underneath the steering wheel in most cars. This can be seen as a The null-modem cable is a very variant of a serial connection. But, simple cable to connect two serial although some aspects of serial devices, that in our case has a technology have changed over the female DB-9 connector at each years, it can still be a nice way to end. It performs two main control a home server or an IoT functions. One is as an electrical (Internet of Things) device such a bus, where Signal Ground on both Raspberry Pi. As before, using a devices are connected together, full circle magazine #1 48 1 4 contents ^
HOWTO - SERIAL TERMINAL SERVER and each device’s TX (transmission) From the software point of connections are little-used, which choice. Now, let us test the pin is connected to the other view, it is fairly difficult to find up- is why they have been rather hardware. Plug the dongle into any device’s RX (reception) pin. The to-date documentation on setting neglected by the manuals. available USB port, and check the second function, which is up a serial terminal server on a kernel messages: implemented in most well-built modern GNU/Linux distribution. I will be following this note null-modem cables, is to deactivate The basic program –the getty https://ubuntuforums.org/showthr # dmesg | grep ttyUSB hardware control pins on both utility– is usually already installed. ead.php?t=2343595 by user [ 2507.371545] usb 1-1.4: interfaces. Back in the day, these But, most tutorials were written in paulstaf. Though short, it is clear ch341-uart converter now were used to control traffic a period when system services and will set you on the right track attached to ttyUSB0 between two modems, but this were configured using init or for most distributions, for instance function is not really necessary for upstart, including community on Ubuntu and Linux Mint for a So far, so good: our USB dongle a short cable with no active documentation found today at computer, or Raspbian for a has been recognized by the electronics. https://help.ubuntu.com/communi Raspberry Pi. I will be using Linux kernel’s USB subsystem, and ty/SerialConsoleHowto . Since that Mint 1 9.1 on the client computer, configured as /dev/ttyUSB0. Most SETTING UP A SERIAL time, however, most distributions and either the same on a server USB-to-serial hardware is rather have moved over to systemd. It computer or Raspbian 9 on a standard, and should be detected TERMINAL SERVICE would seem that they have done Raspberry Pi, also as a server. Most and set up with no problems. so at a time when serial instructions should be identical However, if it is correctly between recent versions of connected and no /dev/ttyUSB* full circle magazine #1 48 Ubuntu, Linux Mint and Debian. devices show up, that means we have a hardware problem and will The first thing we will need to probably need to try another do is verify our existing system on physical dongle. the server. Let us start by seeing if getty is actually installed – as, Next, become root (using the su indeed, it should be, to give up or sudo commands), and navigate access to that standard VT (Virtual to the directory Terminals) that usually are /lib/systemd/system. Here, we will activated on GNU/Linux systems: need to create a new service file. It can have any name we choose, but # getty --version it is best to use a name we will getty from util-linux 2.29.2 remember easily. For instance, let us call it ttyUSB0.service, and edit This looks good. If getty is not it with the following contents: installed on your system, get it using your package manager of [Unit] Description=USB Serial dongle 15 contents ^
HOWTO - SERIAL TERMINAL SERVER console service Created symlink screen command with key using command “~.” [Service] /etc/systemd/system/multi- combination Ctrl+A and then an Similar connections should be ExecStart=/sbin/getty -L user.target.wants/ttyUSB0.ser uppercase letter K. 115200 ttyUSB0 vt102 vice -> rather easy to set up on clients Restart=always /lib/systemd/system/ttyUSB0.s If this does not work, perhaps a with a Mac OS or a Microsoft [Install] ervice. better choice would be either of cu operating system, using the WantedBy=multi-user.target or minicom. Install either using the appropriate tools in either case. standard commands: Even a very old or low-spec The main line here is the one In theory, we should now have a computer should be well up to the beginning with “ExecStart”. In this, working setup on our server. The $ sudo apt install cu task of working as a serial terminal we invoke getty with the correct original authors of these $ sudo apt install minicom – even one with a rather ancient device and line speed; we will thus instructions indicate they like to Intel 80386 to Pentium IV need to get it right. Substitute reboot the server computer to Then connect, e.g. with cu: processor. If you still have one your real device name here, it may make sure the new configuration is lying around, it could even come or not be ttyUSB0, depending on in place, and, indeed, this can do $ cu -l /dev/ttyUSB0 -s with a serial port on the your precise setup. As for line no harm. 115200Connected. motherboard known in the BIOS or speed, most devices will run along Raspbian GNU/Linux 9 MS-DOS as COM1 : or COM2:, and in happily at 1 1 5200 baud (bits / Once our getty service is up and raspberrypi ttyUSB0 Linux as /dev/ttyS0 or /dev/ttyS1 . second). If yours does not, try running, let us turn to the client raspberrypi login: pi These can easily be found by lowering the speed to 28800 or computer from which we intend to Password: examining the rear panel of the even 9600 for testing purposes. connect to the server. On a Last login: Fri Jul 12 computer body for a 9-pin GNU/Linux system, there are very 18:15:53 UTC 2019 on ttyUSB0 connector: see (a) in the following Once we are happy with our many serial terminal programs [...] image. In such a case, you will not configuration, let us save the file available. One that should already pi@raspberrypi:~$ even need to acquire a USB and reload the daemon. This will be installed is screen: dongle. force systemd to re-examine its As before, a couple of Enter configuration files, and hopefully $ screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 keys may be necessary to get to detect the presence of the new file the login prompt. You can quit cu we just created. Connect the two devices and the null-modem cable. You may # systemctl daemon-reload need to hit the Enter key a couple of times on the client screen to Finally, we need to flag this activate the connection. You have service as enabled, so systemd will also obtained some “strange activate it each time the computer characters” due to bit-rate errors, is booted: but they should disappear when the next login message comes up # systemctl enable from the server. You can quit the ttyUSB0.service full circle magazine #1 48 1 6 contents ^
HOW-TO Darktable - Pt6 Written by Erik W elcome back to another first. Have a look at the filmic experience, it is horrible. Load up a you put it through a high pass filter quick(-ish) insight into the author’s website here: photo and click the little “auto and a low pass filter. This gives us a very powerful and highly https://eng.aurelienpierre.com/20 tune levels” eye dropper... (above softer image, like that of a film underrated Darktable. We are 1 8/1 1 /30/filmic-darktable-and-the- the words “filmic S curve”). It camera. working with version 2.6 – NOT the quest-of-the-hdr-tone-mapping should look like someone took a version that ships with Ubuntu. milky white paste and coated your If you look at the sliders, the There are features in 2.6 that you Please pay attention to the photo with it. That obviously will first will be “middle grey will not find in previous versions. “Place in workflow” section. not do! Undo!... That is where our luminance” and I am sure there is a These are features we are looking tutorial starts. The filmic module reason it is always at 1 8%, but we at. Darktable 2.6 (or higher) can be Before you even attempt the tries to emulate film, in a way that need to drop it. I suggest 9%-1 1 % obtained via snap / flatpak / filmic module, you need to traverse it blends the outliers. Trimming the as this is usually good for most appimage or PPA. (If you are these three mentioned bullet highs and lows, but leaving the mid pictures taken indoors with a flash. attempting this, you know how to points in the workflow. Aurélien tones alone. I will try to use music (Only experience will let you recall install software on your Ubuntu Pierre also recommends you turn editing as a comparison, as I am values like that from the top of system). off the base curve. Here: not schooled in the terms for your head. So please play with it!). https://discuss.pixls.us/t/introduci graphic editing. So, in music terms, Try it on for size and see. Today everything is digital, it ng-the-filmic-module-in- makes economic sense. However darktable/9758 17 contents ^ there are people who prefer analogue. Like music, some people I need you to select a picture prefer vinyl to CDs. The same with from your stash that you think taking pictures. Instead of us could benefit from a bit of filmic wasting money on film, then treatment. If you have done your having to dispose of it in a landfill, homework, and followed the three how about we emulate what a film steps (bullet points) above, we can camera would have done in continue. software? This is one of the new features Darktable brings to the… If you look at the filmic module, erm… table. This is why it is called it may seem a bit confusing at first, ‘filmic’. Today, however, we will be unless you are a professional doing things slightly differently. photographer. You may trust the This time the homework comes auto-tune algorithm, but, in my full circle magazine #1 48
HOWTO - DARKTABLE auto. (It does not have to match to call it in graphic editing). You Every slider we will now move, exactly). want your histogram to go to the will affect the “s-curve”, so keep Remember, I am trying to guide left as far as possible without your eye on that curve. At any time you into understanding how The next slider down is the going out of bounds. This should you can right-click a slider to bring Darktable’s filmic module works, “opposite” of the previous one, the deepen the shadows and bring up up an alternative way to adjust it. so none of the values are set in “black relative exposure”. As the nice contrast. You have to decide Should you move the “contrast” stone. A photo shot in harsh tool tip says, it is between grey the ‘depth’ of you photo here, I slider, you will see that it moves sunlight may actually require you and pure black. Again, this cannot tell you where it *should the “core” piece of the s-curve to move it to 21 %! I need you to depends on the first slider – should go. I can only tell you what to look between the two dots, clockwise get a feel for it. You can calibrate you choose the auto setting. Thus, out for. Just try not to be too far or anti-clockwise. This slider is not your eyes... YES! I said your eyes, if your grey was standard at 1 8%, off the auto setting, lest your as sensitive as the others, so feel by clicking the eye dropper and the white would be below and the picture looks “shopped”. free to slide it a bit. Just realise seeing where the algorithm sets black above on a slider, or left and that the third slider will also move the slider. Please, at any time, stop right, if you prefer, but it all hinges Right. Looking at the module, the core. This in turn will have an and smell the flowers... I mean on that first slider. When you move you should see a line and the effect on the highs and lows of the read the tool tips. the slider, pay attention to the words “filmic S curve”. This is the “shadows/ highlights” in turn. histogram! Like music , you lose second part of the module. Here The next slider is the “white quality when their levels go out of you need to pay attention – like a The second slider is “latitude”. relative exposure” - which has bounds. (In music editing, it is drunken sailor. It is not a horizontal line but the nothing to do with your flasher called clipping; I am not sure what distance between the two points redneck uncle. When moving this 18 on the “s-curve”. This is the mid slider, I need you to keep an eye on full circle magazine #1 48 tones I was talking about in the your histogram, as it can easily beginning. The wider they are leave the square. Here too you can apart, the more of your “core“ click the eye dropper to remains. All our editing, our so- ‘automagically’ set it for you. I have called high pass and low pass to point out that the setting here filters, affect only what lies depends on your setting of the beyond these two points. It is like previous slider. To understand this, trimming the frayed ends of a set your “middle grey luminance” string. The longer the frayed ends, to 7% and click the eye dropper the more you can trim, but the next to “white relative exposure”, shorter the string will be. You then change it to 21 % and do the cannot cut the string (core), only same. It is an algorithm, it takes the frayed edges. I hope that the previous slider in to makes sense to you. You will see consideration, it does not see your the lowest the slider can go is 2EV. photo. So try to keep yours close to where it would be if it were on contents ^
HOWTO - DARKTABLE The “extreme luminance itself cannot. saturation” is like a fine tune knob The last one is blend mode. It is The higher you move the slider, the for me. wider the gap between the two off for a reason. Feel free to go points in the centre gets and the “Intent” is something I can not through all the options, but there higher your histogram climbs, wrap my mind around... It ‘fixes’ is nothing “filmic” here. leaving you less space to make boo-boo’s from what I understand. edits before it “clips”. I have not used it or needed to use 19 it yet. If your colors are faded or The next slider down is reversed through over saturation, “shadows / highlights balance”. this ‘fixes’ it. I use fix loosely – I This moves the ”core” part or the have made things horrible, then string itself. Unlike the fist slider, used this tool and it did not seem this moves the “core” diagonally. to fix anything. Like in life, we need balance, so my advice is to try and keep it in the The checkbox “preserve centre, unless you are making an chrominance” does nothing but artistic piece. Again, this is your keep the RGB ratios. Clicking this photo, it has to look good to you may cause Red / Blue over and there will be situations where saturation. You can read more it will not be dead centre. (But here: usually aim for more-or-less https://discuss.pixls.us/t/darktable centre). -filmic-and-saturation/1 0622/1 0 Next up is “global saturation”. That brings us to “destination The name of the slider may be display”. This requires you to know misleading as it effects the outliers something about the display you and not the whole. If you slide it will be sending your image to. I down from 1 00%, the changes are suggest reading the full drastic. Colours give way to grey- specifications and the range it can scale. The changes that occur first display. This helps fix that ‘but it are where the outliers are, and works on MY computer’ nonsense. only at the lower end does it start If the Gamma is out on a display, affecting the mid tones. This slider your image can look faded, for again is algorithmically attached to instance. This will help correct it the one above it. Thus it affects before it is displayed, if the display the shadows and highlights first. full circle magazine #1 48 contents ^
HOW-TO Inkscape - Part 88 Written by Mark Crutch S o far in this series, we’ve used with the element. In XML make use of namespaces, which document conforming to the some JavaScript to change the languages, these always take the are defined in the main tag for the W3C’s SVG spec, and not some fill or stroke color of an object in form of document (e.g. the <svg> tag), and other type of file that happens to an SVG file when loaded in a web attributeName=\"attributeValue\", may then crop up appended to have a tag name called ‘svg’. The browser. But JavaScript in SVG is whereas HTML (confusingly) allows tags and attributes with a colon. second attribute sets up the the same language, powered by for some attributes that have no You won’t see these often: usually coordinate space we’ll be using in the same engine, as JavaScript in value associated with them. Each a default namespace is declared, in this file – I usually stick with \"0 0 HTML. That makes it a powerful attributeName must be unique which case namespaces need to be 1 00 1 00\" for my hand-created files, tool for doing far more than just within the element, but may added only to tags and attributes as I can then treat my values as tweaking some colors. appear many times across that are from ‘foreign’ XML percentages within the image. different elements. The languages. First, a quick reminder of the attributeValue will vary depending The <text> tag also has some structure of an XML tag, of the on what the attribute is actually The theory is fine, but let’s see attributes. The ID is self- sort you might find in an SVG file: used for. how these parts manifest explanatory. The others set the • textContent – This is not so themselves with yet another ‘anchor point’ for the text to the <tagName id=\"uniqueID\" common in XML. Usually, an super-simplified SVG file: middle of the image (50, 50), and attributeName=\"attributeValue element will contain zero or more indicate that the anchor point \">textContent</tagName> child elements before the closing <svg should be in the middle of the text tag (the </tagName> in this xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000 (i.e. the text is centered, not left- Let’s look at each part of this example), but a few elements /svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\"> or right-aligned). individually: allow for plain text to be included. • tagName – The name of the tag In SVG, the most common cases <text id=\"text\" x=\"50\" Finally the <text> tag contains a or element. In SVG, this might be a are <text> and <tspan> elements, y=\"50\" text-anchor=\"middle\"> mixture of text content and a ‘g’ for a group, or ‘rect’ for a where the plain text holds the text couple of <tspan> elements with rectangle or square, for example. string that will be rendered. This is <tspan IDs, which will allow us to • id – This is just an attribute that id=\"ts1\">some</tspan> <tspan specifically target those parts of happens to be named ‘id’, but the There are also a couple of id=\"ts2\">SVG text</tspan> the text via JavaScript. rules of XML dictate that IDs must variations to be aware of. Self- be unique within a document. That closing tags take the form </text> Save the file and load it into a makes them handy for targeting <tagName … />. By definition </svg> web browser – preferably Firefox with the querySelector() function. these can have no children or text or Chrome, as they have better • attributeName – Each tag may content. XML documents also Breaking this down, we have an developer tools than most others. have zero or more attributes which <svg> tag containing a <text> tag contain additional data associated with some further content. The contents ^ <svg> tag has a couple of full circle magazine #1 48 attributes. The first defines the default namespace, and is required so that the browser knows this is a 20
HOWTO - INKSCAPE just indicates that the line you “style” attribute with the font-size has a “fontSize” property, which entered didn’t return a value. But property set. Notice that we set we’ve set to a value of “1 0px”. But From the previous articles, you what it has done is find the “fontSize” in JS, but the CSS in the the browser treats the “style” already know how to add element with an ID of “text” and attribute shows “font-size”. If you property a little differently to JavaScript to your SVG file, either assign it to the variable “t”. You can tried to use the latter in JavaScript, most JavaScript properties, and directly in Inkscape or by linking to confirm that by typing the letter it would be interpreted as trying to instead also applies any changes to an external JS file, but we won’t be “t” on its own, then pressing Enter. subtract the “size” variable from the “style” attribute in the XML. In doing that today. For the rest of The console should show a the “font” variable, and would this instance, it doesn’t matter this article, we’re going to rattle representation of the <text> throw an error. As a general rule, whether you change the attribute through a few ways you can affect element, looking something like any CSS property containing or the property – but that’s not your SVG, but we’ll do so within that shown above. embedded hyphens is available as usually the case. the browser’s developer tools. Any a JavaScript property by removing of these commands or techniques Let’s use some JavaScript we the hyphens and capitalising the To change most attributes, can be added to your own already know to reduce the size of first letter of all but the first word. therefore, you can’t just set a JavaScript if you want to create the font a little. Type this into the correspondingly named JavaScript something less ephemeral. console: Breaking down the line above, property. Instead, you have to use you know that “t” is a JavaScript the setAttribute() method that Press F1 2 or use the menu to t.style.fontSize = \"10px\"; representation of our XML node. we’ve looked at previously. Here’s open your browser’s developer The browser exposes various how we might move the text up a tools. Somewhere along the top The SVG content should react as properties and methods (functions little: should be a row of tabs (though soon as you press the Enter key. tied to a specific object) on that they’re not always clearly styled as Type the letter “t” again and you’ll node, including the “style” t.setAttribute(\"y\", 20); such). Make sure you have the see that the element now has a property. This property, in turn, “Console” tab selected. If the panel Type “t” again to see the XML, is already filled with text, find the full circle magazine #1 48 21 and you’ll notice the “y” attribute button in the console’s toolbar to now has a value of “20”. We can clear it, for clarity. Click inside the also retrieve that value using the console area to give it the focus, getAttribute() method: and type the following (followed by the Enter key): t.getAttribute(\"y\"); // Returns \"20\" var t = document.querySelector(\"#text Remembering that the y-axis in \"); SVG runs from the top of the screen to the bottom, you might The console will display the be inclined to try some code like string “undefined” at this point. That’s nothing to worry about, it contents ^
HOWTO - INKSCAPE units! the text to its ‘natural’ size: Being able to change the text We can fix this by converting content via JavaScript opens up a this to move the text down by 1 0 t.removeAttribute(\"style\"); world of possibilities, including units: the value returned from images with descriptions that can getAttribute() into a number. We There’s no equivalent be switched between different var yPos = only want an integer value, so the createAttribute() call - setting the languages, or ones that populate t.getAttribute(\"y\"); parseInt() function is the tool to value of a non-existent attribute with data requested from a server t.setAttribute(\"y\", yPos + use – but there is also a using setAttribute() will somewhere such as live graphs and 10); parseFloat() if you need to deal automatically create it. Let’s get stock tickers. That degree of with decimal fractions. parseInt() our style back by manipulating the sophistication is a little beyond Gah! Where did the text go!? has a second parameter for the attribute rather than the property: this series, but here’s a trivial Actually it’s still there, but it’s number base that you should example that prompts the user to been positioned so far down in the always provide (with a value of 1 0 t.setAttribute(\"style\", enter their name, then updates the image that it’s dropped out of the for a decimal conversion) to avoid \"font-size: 10px;\"); text on the page accordingly: 1 00x1 00 viewBox, so isn’t visible. some rare-but-odd corner case But why is that, when we just bugs when converting certain As well as working with ts1.textContent = wanted to adjust the value from 20 strings. Entering the following attributes, you can also prompt(\"What is your name?\") to 30? lines into the console should get us dynamically change the text + \"'s\"; the result we were looking for: content of an element. Let’s type a The problem is that XML is a few lines into the console to alter [relevant image shown below] text-based system, and doesn’t t.setAttribute(\"y\", 20); the first <tspan>: Modifying the properties, really have a concept of different var yPosNumeric = 0; data types. All attributes are yPos = t.getAttribute(\"y\"); var ts1 = attributes and text content of therefore text strings, regardless yPosNumeric = parseInt(yPos, document.querySelector(\"#ts1\" existing elements is useful, but to of the value you put in, so our call 10); ); have complete control over a to getAttribute() returns the string t.setAttribute(\"y\", ts1.style.fill = \"#ff0000\"; document we also need to be able “20”, not the number 20. yPosNumeric + 10); ts1.style.fontStyle = to add and remove elements using JavaScript then tries to be ‘helpful’ \"italic\"; JavaScript. The removal part is by determining that we’re trying to You can run the last three lines ts1.textContent = \"a bit of\"; trivial, provided you can get a ‘add’ the number 1 0 to the string repeatedly to move your text down “20”. Since you can’t add a number by 1 0 units each time. [relevant image shown above] contents ^ to a string, it automatically converts the number into a string Now we know how to get and 22 (“1 0”), then concatenates the two, set attributes, but you can also to give a result of “201 0”. That’s remove them entirely. This will get the value we end up putting into rid of the “style” attribute we the attribute in our setAttribute() indirectly created earlier, returning call, so our text ends up being moved to a y-position of 201 0 full circle magazine #1 48
HOWTO - INKSCAPE with a more complex approach… attribute we wish to set. with each attribute separately. • We’ve created a <tspan>, so we Certainly it can be done with the reference to the element using var ns = won’t see much unless we also give “innerHTML” approach, but as the querySelector() or some other \"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\"; it some text content. code and SVG content become mechanism. Let’s delete our first var newTS = • Finally, we append it as a child of more complex, an approach that <tspan> entirely: document.createElementNS(ns, the object referred to by the “t” relies on building and manipulating \"tspan\"); variable – our <text> element. strings can become harder to ts1.remove(); newTS.id = \"ts4\"; follow, and less robust. newTS.setAttribute(\"style\", Clearly that’s a lot more typing Adding a new element to the \"fill: blue\"); than the innerHTML version, so Next time, we’ll build on the page can be trivially easy, or it can newTS.textContent = \"!!!\"; why would you ever want to take techniques used in this instalment, be rather convoluted. Let’s start t.appendChild(newTS); this approach? Precisely because to further investigate ways to with the easy method, by adding it’s verbose, splitting the element, manipulate the individual elements another <tspan> to the <text> That’s a lot more lines to attributes and text content into in an SVG document through element, which is still assigned to explain: separate lines, it lends itself to JavaScript. our “t” variable: • We set up a variable, “ns”, that some types of looping or will hold our SVG namespace. manipulation that can otherwise Mark uses Inkscape to create three t.innerHTML += '<tspan Usually this is done once at the top become unwieldy when using just a id=\"ts3\" style=\"fill: of the JavaScript so you can use it single chunk of text. webcomics, 'The Greys', 'Monsters, red;\">!!!</tspan>'; in multiple places. Inked' and 'Elvie', which can all be • We create a new <tspan> Consider trying to plot a graph found at Even though we’re working on element. If you’ve ever done this in using SVG. Each point on the graph http://www.peppertop.com/ an SVG file, which is a form of XML HTML, you might be familiar with might be represented by a <circle> document, we still have to use the document.createElement(), but, in requiring several attributes: x, y, r contents ^ “innerHTML” property. This returns the XML world, we need to use a and fill, for example. These values all the descendants of the namespace-aware equivalent, will be determined by some data specified node as a string – createElementNS(), and pass the source, and may need to be basically a string of HTML (or XML namespace as the first parameter. manipulated to get them into the in this case) much like the ones you • We give the element an ID to right format for SVG. All of that is a type into a text editor. The “+=” make it easier to get hold of later. little easier to arrange, and can operator essentially retrieves a We could have used setAttribute() lead to clearer code, if you deal value, adds or concatenates for this, but the browser has an something to it, and puts the implicit mapping between the 23 result back into the same place. In property and attribute in this case, our case it has the effect of in the same manner as we saw appending a new <tspan> to the earlier with the ‘style’ property. end of the existing content. • Now we can set an attribute on the new element. We would need Let’s do something similar, but to repeat a line like this for each full circle magazine #1 48
by: ErikTheUnready full circle magazine #1 48 24 contents ^
LINUX LOOPBACK Written by S. J. Webb I apologize for the lack of The installation process was quick columns, sometimes life requires and painless us to get involved. In my last submission, I uploaded Project I booted the system and was Trident to an HP Notebook. My greeted by the Lumina desktop mysterious problem of Wifi environment. Immediately I Connectivity followed me on the attempted to connect to my WiFi. I HP hardware. So, after some found my router, entered my thinking, I would try an older password, and I was using the laptop to get Project Trident Falkon browser for web surfing. installed. The Lenovo is a mobile and not tethered to an ethernet cable, I grabbed an ancient but unlike the HP notebook. reliable Lenovo SL500. It has 4 GB RAM, Intel Centrino, and 250 GB I did the system upgrades, storage. Using my Linux rig, I installed LibreOffice, and downloaded the most recent Project Trident iso and burned the screenfetch. image to a random 2.0 USB thumb Next month I will give a quick drive using SUSE Writer. After spending 20 minutes finding out overview of the Lumina DE. how to boot from the USB drive, I woke up the splash screen. SJ Webb is a researcher coordinator. The installer did not offer a live When he is not working, he enjoys environment. I was taken to the time with his wife and kids. He usual installer setup workflow. thanks Mike Ferarri for his Then a choice of which packages to mentorship. install. I did a blend of security and internet apps. The last segway contents ^ allowed the user to set up root password and profile credentials. full circle magazine #1 48 25
INTERVIEW Project Trident Dev: Ken Moore Written by S. J. Webb Q What is your background? How A I started using PC-BSD as my vocal minority who get on the chat Q Editing configuration files is did you get started in this laptop operating system when systems and talk to us. I think there daunting for new users. Do field? Any suggestions to others I started graduate school because is a large \"quiet majority\" of users you see this issue preventing new who want to follow your path? the Linux desktops that the school who run BSD systems just to have a user adoption? provided were an absolute mess. rock-solid and reliable system A My background is actually in Not only did the desktops not work where they can get stuff done. A Not for Project Trident. One the physical sciences (Nuclear properly, but the system packages of our primary goals is that a astrophysics, in particular), but kept breaking, and basic Q What are the best resources standard user should not need to found myself constantly doing functionality kept getting \"lost\" for a new BSD user? even open up a system terminal - computer programming as part of between updates, resulting in old everything the user needs for day- my day-to-day activities. When I systems which were not A If the system \"just works\", to-day operation of the system has was in graduate school, I took a compatible with newer standards then you really don't need to an easy-to-use graphical interface part-time job working with the PC- because the sysadmins were look up external resources. If you for changing configurations. If you BSD project to perform testing and terrified of ever updating them. By do have an issue with something, start \"tinkering\" with the fixing of their application bundles. using PC-BSD/FreeBSD, I had a and need to look up information, underlying OS, or try to This transitioned into a full-time system that was reliable, got then I typically send people to a reconfigure Project Trident (such position with iXsystems doing updates, and allowed me to do my few different places: as trying to switch to an alternate computer programming after I work without the hassle of • If you are curious about what has desktop environment), then that finished my graduate studies. This maintaining the OS itself. changed between updates, Project breaks down and you will have to type of change is actually quite Trident posts regular update manually change config files. I common, as computer Q Whom do you see as a changelogs to our website think that is an programming does not \"require\" common user of BSD? (https://project-trident.org/). understood/acceptable any specific background or training • For command-line tools, manual responsibility for tinkerers though. but rather is a field that anybody A Most of the users I interact pages (`man <command>`) are the can get involved in at any phase of with are what I classify as quickest and fastest way to look up Q You created Project Trident. their life. \"tinkerers\". These are people who how to use them. How difficult was it to develop don't just want to use a system: • For port/package information, I the platform? Q What led you to BSD? Why not they want to take it apart, learn recommend \"freshports\" another operating system how it operates, or reconfigure it (https://www.freshports.org/). A Not too difficult. Since we are platform? into something new. Are these the That will let you search the building off of the TrueOS only users of BSD systems? FreeBSD ports collection really Absolutely not! These are just the easily. contents ^ full circle magazine #1 48 26
INTERVIEW - PROJECT TRIDENT DEV Ken Moore: General Managerof Project Trident - https://project- operating system with a fully- something I was already using for present time, I am not seeing a lot automated build framework, most various graphical utilities on PC- of people coming to Project trident.org of the build integrations are just a BSD at the time, and it is much Trident specifically for that single JSON configuration file. We more reliable and robust than a lot functionality. Regarding hardware, contents ^ have developed our own graphical of the other options that were I always recommend UEFI boot system-setup infrastructure, and available when I started systems, with an NVIDIA graphics graphical utilities as well, but developing Lumina. There have card for desktop/workstation those are things I have been been lots of developments within systems, and Intel graphics for developing in my years of using Lumina, specifically regarding laptops (not the dual Intel+NVIDIA FreeBSD for day-to-day operations. cross-OS functionality and splitting \"optimus\" laptops). The AMD Q out the various self-developed graphics support is getting better, Where do you see Project utilities into stand-alone packages but typically still requires a lot of Trident in the next 5 years? 1 0 with their own source repositories manual tweaks and customizations years? and version numbers. I see that to even get working. Qtrend continuing and the \"desktop\" A In computing time-frames, 5- Ken how can people help out 1 0 years is an eternity where component of Lumina splitting off Project Trident? things can change anytime. The from the rest of the companion goal of Project Trident – to provide utilities and developing a stable and reliable end-user independently. A 1 1 ) There are quite a few experience – will not change ways! however, even as technologies and Q What is the most common use • Submit patches or file bug for Project Trident? What reports on our github repositories: even operating systems come and hardware do you recommend for a https://github.com/project-trident go in the next decade. simple install? • Participate in our telegram community channel: Q Why create the Lumina DE? A I would say that Project https://t.me/ProjectTrident Why did you use the QT Trident is mostly used for • Write up documentation or toolkit? Where do you see Lumina light-office or development work. guides on how to accomplish in 5 and 1 0 years? By that I mean you typically use specific tasks: A email, web browser(s), some office https://github.com/project- Lumina was initially created to applications, text editors, virtual trident/guides fill the need for a reliable machines, and compilers. There are • Become a sponsor! desktop environment on FreeBSD, a whole lot of other types of https://project- and has grown to be available on development tools available trident.org/sponsors/ most BSD and Linux operating (graphics editors, game systems. The Qt toolkit was development tools, etc), but, at the full circle magazine #1 48 27
EVERYDAY UBUNTU Help Pt3 Written by Richard Adams W e’re back to continue our you can still install and run it under BUTTERMILK BISCUITS FOR • 1 /2 teaspoon sugar series on Linux Help this the GNOME or Unity desktop TWO • 1 1 /2 teaspoons baking powder month, as previously promised. environments. You can install • 1 /4 teaspoon salt krecipes using the Synaptic I wanted to add new recipes to • 3 tablespoons cold salted butter RECIPE MANAGEMENT IN Package Manager or from a the existing samples, so I decided • A little under 1 /2 cup buttermilk LINUX terminal command-line, using the to use a recipe I adapted from Instructions: command: YouTube, that I found on Ken • Mix all dry ingredients with a wire Hang in there, what we’re Click’s channel. Ken has some great whisk. discussing this month is relevant to sudo apt-get install krecipes recipes for one or for two, • Cut 3 tbsp COLD butter into small Help, but it’ll be a bit of a journey something the world does not pieces and incorporate into dry to get there. One of the things I For more on how to install have enough of, if you ask me, and ingredients. This can be done by use a computer for is recipe software, refer back to the I really like his ‘flaky biscuits for fingers, fork, or pastry cutter. management. Linux has a recipe Everyday Ubuntu column in Full two’ recipe. Check out Ken’s Incorporate butter thoroughly manager that is part of the K Circle Magazine #1 30, page 36. YouTube channel at until mixture is uniform, with a Desktop Environment, or KDE, the You also might want to install the https://www.youtube.com/channel texture like wet sand. KRECIPES application. Don’t worry, krecipes-doc and krecipes-data /UC4bgbP1 BW74_DE8loU45i6Q. • Make a well in the center and add even though it’s a KDE application, packages while you’re at it. Ken also kindly granted permission a little less than a half cup of to use not only the recipe in buttermilk. Slowly and gently start full circle magazine #1 48 Everyday Ubuntu this month, but pulling flour into center with a also to use his biscuit thumbnail wooden spoon or a spatula. picture. So, here is the adapted Continue until all flour is recipe (you can find Ken’s original, incorporated. that uses whole milk, on YouTube • Turn onto a well-floured surface, at dust dough ball with flour, and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v flatten out with hands or rolling =wy_dqphsakU): pin. • Fold over halfway, rotate a half- Buttermilk Biscuits for Two turn, and fold over again, re- flatten. Repeat about 4 or 5 times, Ingredients: but do not overwork the dough. • Just over 1 cup all purpose flour That said, some folding is 28 contents ^
EVERYDAY UBUNTU ADDING A NEW RECIPE Back on the main New Recipe that? screen, click the + next to Once that’s done, click the necessary to make the biscuits Okay, so now let’s add our new Category. We don’t have a ‘bread’ come out flaky. ‘buttermilk biscuits for two’ recipe category by default, and that Ingredients tab up top. Add the • Cut the rolled out dough into to krecipes. Invoke the Dash (top would probably be a useful ingredient name, amount, unit of equal halves, roll each into a ball icon in the launcher, that looks like category, so let’s add it by hitting measurement, prep method and flatten until about 1 to 1 ½ the Ubuntu wheel logo) and search +, in the dialogue box clicking + (optional), then click the ‘Add’ inches thick. for krecipes, then click it to launch. New Category, and typing in button (top one on the right side, • Put into a pan sprayed with non- In krecipes, go to New Recipe in ‘bread’. When done, click OK to looks like a dog-eared page), stick cooking spray and place in a the top left. You’ll get this screen: return to the main New Recipe repeat as necessary until all preheated 400 degree oven for 1 0- window and type in the yield ingredients are added. Amounts 1 2 minutes, until lightly browned. Type in a recipe name, then click amounts/measurements, then use have to be decimal (e.g., 1 /2=.5), the + next to ‘Authors’. Click the + the spinner control to adjust prep and standard abbreviations like Yield: Two biscuits sign in the Authors dialogue box time. Prep time maxes out at ‘tsp’ will work fine for units of and type in (or select) the name of 23:59. I initially took it to mean measurement: the recipe’s author, then click + minutes:seconds, but it seems again to add. Repeat if needed for obvious now it means Now click ‘Instructions’ at the multiple authors. Click OK when hours:minutes. Of course, top and enter the recipe done. preparing a proper pate de faisan directions. en croute may take well over 24 hours, but how often do you make All right, we’re DONE! Well, full circle magazine #1 48 29 contents ^
EVERYDAY UBUNTU almost, and here’s where we get to Additionally, our Instructions Well, that will be our focus next value in going through the process the Help portion of this month’s have vanished! What is going on month. How do we get help with as a learning experience. And, it’s a column. Go back to the ‘recipe’ tab. here? this problem? And I’ll be candid good thing to have the See the (default) picture of Tux in a with you, we may not get a resourcefulness to come up with chef’s hat (or ‘toque blanche’)? HELP! I NEED SOMEBODY…. solution, but there is definitely still new ways to achieve our end goal That’s a placeholder for us to even if we find we have to tackle insert a picture of our dish. I the problem from a new angle. downloaded the thumbnail of a plate of biscuits from Ken Click’s Next month: Getting Even More site and tried to insert it by clicking Help in Linux (or Even More the ellipsis button (…) underneath Getting Help in Linux, I suppose). the Tux placeholder and navigating Fingers crossed in hopes of a to the location where I saved the solution.... file (in jpeg format as ‘biscuits.jpeg’), then inserted it. And everything looks fine: Save the recipe (‘Save’ button Richard 'Flash' Adams spent about at top), click ‘Find/Edit Recipes’, locate and reopen it, and … the 20 years in corporate IT. He lives in picture still looks like a toque’d rural northwest Georgia, USA, with Tux, his adopted 'son', a cockatiel named Baby. full circle magazine #1 48 30 contents ^
UBPORTS DEVICES OTA-1 0 Written by UBports Team This release polishes up this stage During implementation, we We have removed the AND MORE! of Ubuntu Touch development, found that some of our older \"wolfpack\" Wi-Fi based and includes many small fixes that devices had incorrect data geolocation tool from this update. The default Messaging app, should please all users. It also presented by Android. Knowing This module used the Geoclue used for SMS and MMS messaging, contains some hardware this, we added a manual override service to gather approximate now supports draft messages. compatibility improvements for system to the automatic checks. location data. That resulted in a Pasting of phone numbers in the the Nexus 5, Fairphone 2, and This was done in a modular way so very fast location lock in some \"To:\" field and an issue with the Oneplus One! that any porters who run into this cases, but a very inaccurate lock in header randomly switching issue in the future will be able to others. Removing the module between your contact's name and You can find a full changelog solve the problem. improves the reliability of the phone number were fixed. for this release in the changelog location service in almost all cases. section below These fixes also helped with the Libertine, the legacy application [https://ubports.com/blog/ubports Nexus 5 and Oneplus One. Any With this module removed, manager, now allows you to search -blog-1 /post/ubuntu-touch-ota-1 0- problems with audio and video some users will experience a very for packages in the archive and release-239#changelog]. sync when recording videos have long delay (20 minutes or more) in select one to install from a list. been fixed! Now any videos retrieving the first location fix on HARDWARE COMPATIBILITY recorded with either camera on their device. This should only occur The PulseAudio modules these devices will be in-sync. if the device is not connected to a enabling basic sound on Android Thanks to Ratchanan, we have mobile network and location 7.1 devices have been added. A some excellent hardware updates. We also fixed some issues with services have not been used for a mini SurfaceFlinger the Fairphone 2's audio routing. very long time. After this delay has implementation has been added to To start, Fairphone 2 users will Prior to these fixes, the left and passed, future attempts to retrieve enable the camera on some be happy to know that we've right audio channels were a cold (first time each boot) Android 7.1 devices. implemented proper checking for swapped in some configurations. location lock will take up to four Android's reported camera minutes. To help users make the orientation. This means that we Location, down to the screws best use of Ubuntu Touch location are able to work with all of the services and to help avoid this Fairphone 2 camera revisions SOMETIMES YOU NEED TO problem, we have written a guide successfully. No more upside-down Using location services and have selfies! TEAR SOMETHING DOWN TO added it to our documentation pages. BUILD IT UP BETTER. full circle magazine #1 48 31 contents ^
by: ErikTheUnready full circle magazine #1 48 32 contents ^
MY OPINION Building Software Written by Erik L et’s face it, Snaps, Appimages the imagination a “bleeding edge” browser may not always be Chinese telephone directory. Your and Flatpaks are wonderful, if distribution, being based on available), we will stay there. Type homework, should you choose to you live in a first world country Debian. Sometimes packages are the following: accept it, is to look up x, v, z, f with bucket-loads of bandwidth. old, or just won’t be updated any options. Finding it yourself, instead However, downloading a 1 00MB more. (Ubuntu 1 4.04 may have an wget https://www.nano- of me telling you, is much more file, when the source is 3MB, is an old version of VLC and you would editor.org/dist/v4/nano- rewarding! utter waste. (Most of the rest of like to play HVEC movies). In this 4.2.tar.gz the world is limited by bandwidth). issue, we here at Full Circle would Or use curl if wget not INSTALLATION New users are always afraid of the like to take your hand and take the available: command-line. Why? Because Linux first step with you of your Right, now we have the latest switches and options are thousand step Linux journey. curl https://www.nano- version of Nano, but how do we editor.org/dist/v4/nano- install it? (Change into the confusing. Not most commands, Nano is a terminal text editor. A 4.2.tar.gz > nano-4.2.tar.gz unzipped folder first). Again, it is mind you. [On Telegram, I often back to reading, so the lazy won’t see kids install Kali. On the Gnu/ really handy, basic editor. It can be That code just fetches nano for survive. Most software that you Linux Telegram group it is a extended with syntax highlighting, you. No options, no switches. This download from source has a running joke, and a search for the etc, but the version that ships with should boost your confidence a bit ‘readme’ file attached. The file may phrase “Kali” brings up more ubuntu is too old. If you are on if you are new. have weird extensions, sometimes results than any other. They cannot 1 8.04 or 1 8.1 0, you are stuck with ‘.md’, but look for the readme-file. even comprehend the terminal, version 2.9 of Nano, and Disco To untar your .gz file is going to In our case it’s just README: but “want to be hacker” - sic. The Dingo with 3.2. Gnu Nano, require some switches. (Should terminal sometimes seems like a however, has moved on to version things have changed in the less README magical language to them that will 4.2 (April 201 9) https://www.nano- meantime, just correct the URL to give them just illegal access – like editor.org/. Shall we make our reflect the latest version): Yes, that’s it. Use a pager to in Mr. Robot]. version 4.2 too? Okay, don those read the file. You will see the coveralls, ready the spanners and tar xvzf nano-4.2.tar.gz instructions in clear text. Lots of professionals look down we shall look at the terminal. on building your own software. Yes Should you look at the tar TIP: You may need to install build- it can be tedious and time GETTING NANO manpage, I would like to draw your consuming, but not everything is in attention to the “option styles” essentials before attempting the the repositories, and even if it is, section. Feel free to read the next part. (Don’t worry, you won’t sometimes you need a later Yes, you can just click on the whole thing, just know it has more install it twice) download link, but since we are in options and settings than Lee’s in a version. Ubuntu is by no stretch of the terminal, (let’s face it, a full circle magazine #1 48 33 contents ^
MY OPINION mkdir ~/.nano wget REFERENCES AND FURTHER cd .nano https://raw.githubusercontent READING: sudo apt install build- git clone .com/scopatz/nanorc/master/in essential https://github.com/scopatz/na stall.sh -O- | sh https://github.com/scopatz/nanorc norc.git ~/.nano / (This brings in everything you Now I do not have to tell you how http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/ will need to build your program). and you can set up the one you dangerous it is to run a shell blfs/view/svn/postlfs/nano.html need. (You know how to run script with wget from a website. https://linuxhint.com/configure_na Now we build according to the configure and make). no_text_editor_nanorc/ README-file. Luckily in our case we can actually https://medium.com/@005/the- ALTERNATIVELY... (THE EASY have a look at the install script gnu-nano-editor-for-serious- ./configure WAY): beforehand. Have a look yourself writers-36f6decf8fad make and calm down once you see it is https://crashcourse.housegordon.o make install harmless. Hooray for open source! rg/nano.html Now look at my pretty! If you open Nano now, You will see it still displays 2.9.3. This is not an error, you need to log out and back in again. You do not need to do this with every piece of software you build from source though. That’s it, you are done. Nano is now the latest version... But wait, there’s more... THE NEXT STEP: (WE WON’T LEAVE YOU HANGING!). Nano, like Conky, is configurable via an “rc-file”. You can set it up for whatever you are doing. I am going to take the shotgun approach and get you going for ‘most’ use cases. (Syntax highlighting): full circle magazine #1 48 34 contents ^
HOW-TO Write For Full Circle Magazine Written by Ronnie Tucker GUIDELINES • Images should be JPG, no wider REVIEWS than 800 pixels, and use low GAMES/APPLICATIONS T he single rule for an article is compression. that it must somehow be • Do not use tables or any type of When reviewing games/applications please state clearly: linked to Ubuntu or one of the many derivatives of Ubuntu bold or italic formatting. • title of the game (Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, etc). • who makes the game • is it free, or a paid download? RULES If you are writing a review, • where to get it from (give download/homepage URL) please follow these guidelines : • is it Linux native, or did you use Wine? • There is no word limit for articles, • your marks out of five but be advised that long articles When you are ready to submit • a summary with positive and negative points may be split across several issues. your article please email it to: • For advice, please refer to the [email protected] HARDWARE Official Full Circle Style Guide: TRANSLATIONS When reviewing hardware please state clearly: http://bit.ly/fcmwriting • make and model of the hardware • what category would you put this hardware into? • Write your article in whichever If you would like to translate • any glitches that you may have had while using the hardware? software you choose, I would Full Circle into your native • easy to get the hardware working in Linux? recommend LibreOffice, but most language please send an email to • did you have to use Windows drivers? [email protected] and • marks out of five importantly - PLEASE SPELL AND we will either put you in touch with • a summary with positive and negative points GRAMMAR CHECK IT! an existing team, or give you access to the raw text to translate You don't need to be an expert to write an • In your article, please indicate from. With a completed PDF, you article - write about the games, applications where you would like a particular will be able to upload your file to and hardware that you use every day. image to be placed by indicating the main Full Circle site. the image name in a new 35 contents ^ paragraph or by embedding the image in the ODT (Open Office) document. full circle magazine #1 48
REVIEW FeatherPad Written by Adam Hunt 1 8.04 LTS, when version 0.8 was introduced in March 201 8, so it can F eatherPad is a new text editor heavy and featureful components with FeatherPad in Lubuntu 1 8.1 0. be installed in any ‘buntu flavor that was first introduced in the as desired”. FeatherPad is free software from 1 8.04 and later. Lubuntu 1 8.1 0 release on 1 8 released under the GNU General October, 201 8. The desire to provide default Public License v3.0. FeatherPad is developed by a applications that are Qt-based and team led by Pedram Pourang, also In Lubuntu 1 8.04 LTS and earlier which also offer more features to FeatherPad has been available known as Tsu Jan. The project is Lubuntu versions, the default text users, led to replacing Leafpad in the Ubuntu repositories since relatively new, with the first public editor was Leafpad, a very simple release, as version 0.5.8, on 1 5 and lightweight text editor. 36 October 201 6. So far there have Leafpad remains a good text been 1 1 releases, the most recent editor, simple and fast to open, but being 0.9.3 on 5 February, 201 9. it lacks features that would be useful for users coding or writing FeatherPad uses less RAM than websites. some other text editors like Gedit or jEdit, but more than simpler text With the release of 1 8.1 0, editors like LeafPad. Lubuntu moved from the previous GTK-based LXDE desktop, with its FeatherPad has obviously been emphasis on low resource designed for software developers, requirements and older computer but it is also a good text editor for hardware, to the newly fielded any general user to write plain text LXQt desktop, which is based upon documents or web pages on. It the Qt widget toolkit. Along with opens quickly and presents a very the new desktop came a revised clean, simple, tabbed interface. It focus, as Lubuntu Release offers some useful features, like Manager, Simon Quigley explained, context-sensitive syntax “Lubuntu will leverage modern, Qt- highlighting that varies by the based technologies and programs document type (by assigned file to give users a functional yet extension, like .html), a large modular experience… Lubuntu will number of keyboard shortcuts, keep a light experience by default but enable users to utilize more contents ^ full circle magazine #1 48
REVIEW drag and drop, toggled side pane or tab navigation, search, replace, automatic page encoding detection, and a wide choice of fonts for composing. Some of the keyboard shortcuts ampersands, whereas FeatherPad change log. may take some getting used to, as does not. However FeatherPad is a I rate FeatherPad as 4.5/5. It is they are non-standard. For lot easier to configure than jEdit; it instance Ctrl+W does not close the works great right out of the box. an excellent text editor, tab, instead it toggles word lightweight, and with a well wrapping. Ctrl+Shift+Q closes the The only feature on my designed interface, good features tab. Likewise Ctrl+Tab does not personal wish list that FeatherPad and keyboard shortcuts, lacking move between tabs, Alt+arrow presently lacks is spell-checking. If only spell-checking. does that. The keyboard shortcuts that were included in a future Website: are all nicely explained in the version, it would be the perfect https://github.com/tsujan/Feather menus, however, and, once text editor for my own particular Pad learned, FeatherPad becomes very use, as a website writer. Because Launchpad: fast to use. FeatherPad is under active https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+so development, new features should urce/featherpad The find feature (Ctrl+F) and be added quickly and it will be find-and-replace (Ctrl+R) both interesting to see what each new 37 work very well. Hitting the version release brings. The keyboard shortcut opens the application’s website includes a bottom “find bar” and a second use of the keyboard shortcut full circle magazine #1 48 immediately hides it again, making it easy to keep the interface uncluttered without resorting to the mouse. FeatherPad's syntax highlighting is fairly basic and certainly not as sophisticated as some other text editors. For instance jEdit picks up unencoded contents ^
REVIEW KDE Neon Written by Jason M F or this review, I choose to booting a usb flash drive, and not then I saw the horrid default resources than the gui system check out KDE Neon. The first by doing a minimal or full install. wallpaper which was quickly monitor] to keep an eye on things. Linux DE I ever used was a KDE DE, Now saying all that, and my intro changed!]. Once fully booted, I Considering KDE has, in the past, in Knoppix Linux. That live CD and my laptop specs, let’s get to opened the system monitor and in had a rep of being “resource included KDE 3.x, and it didn’t my review, shall we? a terminal I ran $: top hungry”, it seemed to be just the really impress me. Within weeks, I opposite to me. I know that when I jumped ship to Ubuntu [Dapper I was impressed, right off the I was impressed at the low low tested pop_os, which runs Gnome- Drake, so you can do the math to bat, at the boot speed, even live low cpu and ram usage. During my 3 as its default DE, it used figure out how long ago that was, booting from my flash drive. [But testing, I kept top open [less measurably more ram and cpu lol] which ran Gnome 2.x at the time. Because of the move, I have basically steered clear of KDE itself [not “KDE software” such as k3b, amarok and k-connect]. I must say, though, with this latest and greatest version of KDE Plasma [pretty sure that’s what they call KDE 5.x], I am thoroughly impressed! So ya know, my test laptop [it’s my only laptop really] specs: • Presario CQ56 Notebook PC 058D • 64-bit AMD v1 40 CPU running at 2.3 GHz • AMD/ATI Radeon HD 4225 [integrated] graphics • 4 Gigs of RAM Remember I ran this test by live full circle magazine #1 48 38 contents ^
REVIEW - KDE NEON wallpaper. Maybe those options choices. my opinion, probably Firefox should be below the image, or related as opposed to OS related. cycles than KDE did. I can only brighter. I also didn’t like the lack By default, it seemed to So overall, it wasn’t resource imagine how snappy it would be if I of choice for how to set the support the video and audio hungry! Speaking of resources, and had it installed, even with my wallpaper. In many DE’s, you can codecs most commonly used. Not hardware, I was also delighted to measly 4 gigs of ram… So, no change aspect ratios of the image just HTML-5 videos played. I find an in-depth system info app in longer can I suggest steering clear to match the screen IN the couldn’t test an mp3, but the live version! That’s nice as, if of KDE if you have limited wallpaper choice. Granted you can considering I had no issues with something doesn’t work, you can resources on your machine. Then open a photo editor, like GIMP, and flash in Firefox, I am of the get the specific info on what the again, I wouldn’t go so far as to do it; I feel there should be the assumption mp3s would play just piece of hardware is. suggest it on “older” hardware, capability built into the chooser. I fine by default. If not by “default”, like stuff built to run Windows XP also didn’t like the lack of then probably as an option in the Anyhow, if you want a nice, or earlier. [My laptop is a Windows “explanation” of the difference[s] install process. solid, configurable, and in some 7 era machine]. between “folder” and “desktop” ways, fancy [or fancy capable] OS choices in the same menu. ‘Folder’ In my review of pop_os, I to try, consider KDE Neon! I was While I know that having the seems to make an allowance to mentioned the hotkey combo of impressed, enough to tempt me to ability to tweak everything may have, well, folders, on the desktop, “control” + “alt” + “T” not opening ditch Budgie and Cinnamon, well, scare off some noobs, however, in whereas ‘desktop’ seems to not the terminal. I didn’t know if it was almost! my opinion, that ability is one allow that… so that’s what I used pop_os related or Gnome-3 reason Linux is so good! Windows as I like a clean desktop! related. At any rate, I was glad to Jason M is old millenial who’s been and Apple/Mac severely restrict see that the key combo worked in an avid Linux user since Ubuntu what can be changed, Linux on the Now let’s look at the apps in the KDE Neon by default. It was also Dapper Drake. He lives in Washington other hand, in theory, encourages live setup. This is one area I didn’t nice that other hotkey/key combos State, loves sports, and does plenty you to experiment. KDE excels at care for. There were so few apps in worked. For switching virtual of geeky stuff like Ham Radio, web that idea. the live setup; if I didn’t know desktops, the “alt” + “tab” even dev and these reviews! better, I’d think that KDE Neon had 3 or 4 options to change the The settings program is well didn’t support many apps. Now I look and feel of the app switcher! contents ^ laid out. The flow makes sense. know that it is a live edition, used [Yeah, I like some fancy stuff. I The options are clearly stated. to preview the OS, but, still, it switched to a “cover flow” look, There are very few complaints seemed pretty anemic as far as actually I tried all the options!]. from me on this front. One thing, apps go. I know that this is though, I didn’t care for the something we see in a lot of “live” Throughout the testing, the OS wallpaper changer. It honestly took OSes, but not in all. I don’t felt stable, ran smoothly, and me a few tries to figure out how to understand why they didn’t show overall impressed me! The only change the wallpaper properly – I off some of the KDE apps in the time the CPU usage was high was didn’t notice the watermark type live, especially with so many solid when launching Firefox. That is, in icons for ‘folder’ and ‘delete’ over the preview of the selected full circle magazine #1 48 39
LETTERS If you would like to submit a letter for publication, compliment Join us on: or complaint, please email it to: [email protected]. PLEASE NOTE: some letters may be edited for space. goo.gl/FRTMl facebook.com/fullcircle magazine twitter.com/#!/fullcirclemag linkedin.com/company/full- circle-magazine ubuntuforums.org/forum display.php?f=270 FULL CIRCLE NEEDS YOU! Without reader input Full Circle would be an empty PDF file (which I don't think many people would find particularly interesting). We are always looking for articles, reviews, anything! Even small things like letters and desktop screens help fill the magazine. See the article Writing for Full Circle in this issue to read our basic guidelines. Have a look at the last page of any issue to get the details of where to send your contributions. full circle magazine #1 48 40 contents ^
CROSSWORD - DISTROSHUFFLE 4 ACROSS 1 A: Completely free distro with a KISS motto. 5A: Despite the name, it’s from Norway, and serious about being secure. 7A: Based on Devuan, it’s all about rescue and recovery. 8A: Just what your ChromeOS device needed. 1 1 A: Extensible server from Italy based on CentOS. 1 2A: That Windoze experience, based on Mint. 1 3A: Japanese grapes… DOWN 2D: Known for its Site Specific Browsers. 3D: This Firewall from Italy is now a UTM. 4D: This Firewall is all about the modules you have to buy. 6D: Don’t worry, its users will tell you. 9D: Forked from sorcerer with its own package manager. 1 0D: It’s all about the Plasma... Compiled by Erik Answers are elsewhere this issue. full circle magazine #1 48 41 contents ^
Q&A If you have a Linux question, email it to: [email protected], Compiled by EriktheUnready and Erik will answer them in a future issue. Please include as much information as you can about your query. W elcome back to another money selling the customer 3 1 9.04 due to the Thinkpad not A : Erm, you know more than edition of Questions and servers instead of one, and coming out of sleep properly. I me; as far as I know, it is not Answers! In this section, we will Windows licenses and SQL close the lid, and when I open it, Linux compatible. Follow our endeavour to answer your Ubuntu licenses, etc. They just did not the screen goes blank – flashes the Darktable tutorials - as Darktable is questions. Be sure to add details of know how to “sell” a Linux solution desktop briefly. Now, I am not sure a post processing powerhouse. the version of your operating for a start. Today, I see Linux if it is Ubuntu’s fault, or a kernel system and your hardware. I will everywhere, from positioning fault, or some Thinkpad feature. Q : My HP zbook ships with try to remove any personally systems, to advertising systems, to All I know is it used to work before windows on a hard drive with a identifiable strings from questions IOT intermediate devices. It seems in 1 6.04. I don’t see failures in 30GB SSD that gets used for , but it is best not to include things suppliers are happy to package and dmesg, so I don’t think its caching . I want to do this in like serial numbers, UUID’s or IP ship snap packages. Yet, there is no hardware. I have tried the lid Ubuntu too, but I don’t know how. addresses. charge for the OS. Not even a switch fixes on Google, but it Please help me as the cache is now support fee. We need to pay our doesn’t work. unused and the drive is slow. I am A Linux engineers too. It seems using Disco Dingo BTW. long time ago, in a Galaxy far employers expect you to have A : Just to tickle my curiosity, as away, I used to work for an windows certifications but support we have had these questions A : My advice is to install Ubuntu automotive supplier. We supplied Linux for free too? Just because before, what happens if you just on the 30GB SSD and map tooling and manufacturing lines to Microshaft charges up the wazoo, type in your password as if your home folder and swap file to the automotive plants. Computers does not make it a better product, LightDM was open and you needed the spinning rust. Should you be were not really fast at that stage, It just means we need to get to get back in? unfamiliar with mount points, read or should I say windows NT was pricing in place. That way we can **EDIT: That worked!!!! thank you, up here: not that fast. I was only the buy things like support contracts thank you!!! https://www.linuxnix.com/what-is- network administrator, and I would from Canonical for the customers. a-mount-point-in-linuxunix/ or sit down with the solutions Improve the support we offer for Q : How do I use the nik https://www.linuxtopia.org/online architect and show him that doing Linux. There are other ways to collection in Linux. I have _books/introduction_to_linux/linu whatever it was they were doing, make your money, than just selling heard you can use it in Gimp. I x_Mount_points.html was so much faster in Linux using an OS... don’t really get how. Please show n-curses and a minimal Linux me. Q : I am trying to use Gparted’s server as a back-end. It would solve recovery feature to recover their problems in a jiffy. However : Thinkpad fanboy here, I have 42 my music from my phone’s SD card. Ubuntu 1 8.04.2 on my Qdoing things this way meant we did contents ^ not make the same amount of Thinkpad and thinking of going to full circle magazine #1 48
Q&A work for me. In fact, I can’t even 6.2.4.2 – but my problem persists. Python 3. change to that folder. If i try to do Don’t say google it as I have. My DE I pick device, attempt data rescue, it as root, it fails completely! As in is budgie, so it could be that; Q : It´s tax season and I need to then nothing happens. It scans my ‘access denied’! however, it works fine in WPS set up a VM in virtualbox again partition and tells me it’s FAT. https://askubuntu.com/questions/ office and notepad. I don’t have to run all that proprietary adobe 596441 /how-to-access-my-android- this issue on my laptop as my ***** spyware. I am having issues A : I do not want to come across phone-from-my-terminal laptop does not have a num-pad. with USB and display settings. I run wrong, but it is right there in The FULL STOP on the num-pad is the install of the guest additions the name, “attempt” - It is not a A : Okay there are a LOT of detected as a COMMA. I have my addon, but it fails every time like sure fire solution. Try photorec, it answers coming: you need to keyboard set to English(US) and I clockwork. I´m running the latest is not only for photos. (The SD card look in run/user/1 000/gvfs as per can see it is a FULL STOP in the version of Virtualbox. My Ubuntu is may also be beyond repair / ‘askubuntu’, but here is the catch: diagram, but when I type... it’s a Xubuntu 1 8.04, 8GB memory and recovery too). every time you unplug and re-plug comma. Ubuntu Budgie 1 8.04 on a built-in display. Should I use an your phone, the name in that dell 701 0 Optiplex with 8 gig of older version because of this? Q : Hi, I have a brand new install folder changes. Also, there is a way RAM. of Ubuntu Budgie. I want to to access that folder that is not A : No. Download the guest change my actions to single-click, correct in the ‘askubuntu’ answer. A : Sometimes you have to think additions ISO and add it but I can’t find it in the settings. The reason “root” does not work is like a search engine guy. Try manually. Should I install and run the tweak because “root” on your Android full stop/dot/period. Your answer tool? device is held by Google, and you is here: Q : I share a computer with my do not have privileges. Let me https://ask.libreoffice.org/en/ques two brothers. It is Ubuntu A : What you are looking for is rather address the underlying tion/92792/number-pad-dot-turns- 1 6.04. How can I deny them access not in user settings, but in the problem. Transferring files with into-a-comma/ - basically; to my files if one of them uses preferences menu of Files. Click on MTP is fine, but transferring a lot Tools>Options-> Language root? the icon in the top-left to get the of pictures is not. On your Android settings and un-tick the comma. drop-down list. In preferences, go phone, change the transfer mode A : The short answer is you to the behaviour tab. from MTP to PTP *(The Picture Q : How to fix mypaint. Ubuntu cannot. If you wish to keep Transfer Mode), and re-connect 1 8.04.2. your data private, you need to Q : Hi. I have a LOT of photos on your Android device. You should create encrypted containers within my phone. I want to transfer now be able to transfer those A : I'm going to assume you your folders and put your data in them to my computer, but it takes pictures a hundred times faster. mean MyPaint randomly there. They will be able to see the waaay too long to even start hanging on you? This is because encrypted containers, but not what going. How can I transfer the files Q : My question is not so much Ubuntu no longer supports Python is inside (assuming your encryption via the command-line so it can go Ubuntu, but LibreOffice in 2.7. You are going to have to nicely password is secure). faster? I have Googlified this and Ubuntu. I have even updated to ask the developers to port it to the askubuntu solution does not contents ^ full circle magazine #1 48 43
Q&A not stick out of my laptop. I copy Q : I have recently switched from when I am done. A friend my music to it that I listen to at Microsoft Office to suggested gprename, but I don’t Q : I am just looking for some work. My problem is that it gets LibreOffice. My problem is know how to use the regex at the advice. I started a graphic very hot. Is this my laptop’s fault or artefacts. If I add a dash between bottom. -\\([ design course, and we are learning is it something in Ubuntu I need to two words, I get strikethrough, if I about color theory. I use Ubuntu, adjust? add a forward-slash before a A : You do not need to. Count not Windows, but it is okay as I use directory, I get italics, etc, etc. It is the number of letters and Inkscape. How do I get the precise A : This has to do with size and driving me up the wall. Is there no spaces you want to remove, then RGB or CMYK of a color within a heat dissipation. The larger setting to correct this behaviour? I go to the “insert/delete” tab at the picture? the stick the larger the area is that am typing up a knowledge base bottom and choose “delete heat can dissipate to. Simply put, and I need these characters. My between” and insert your count, A : I am not sure if you can from the heat that is generated (by Ubuntu version is 1 8.04 and my like 1 to 1 1 or how many letters within Inkscape, but there are copying to and from the stick) has LibreOffice version is 6.2.5.2. you wish to remove. You can then great color picking tools available nowhere to go. Do not touch the use “replace/remove” to add the for Ubuntu. You can use ‘color metal part when you remove the A : Let me start by saying that string back in. picker’ from the software centre, USB stick. you can just press CTRL-Z at or a third-party package. any time you get something like a Q : My CMOS battery died and I Q : I recently bought a wireless strikethrough to remove it. That replaced it; I was dual-booting Q : What is the best Ubuntu mini keyboard that I connected said, if you want a more “microsoft Windows 1 0 and Ubuntu on my version to use that supports to my Ubuntu laptop as I work on office” experience, you can look at laptop. My problem is that I no python 2.7? My son is learning an external screen and keep my Only Office or WPS Office. longer get the purple boot screen python 2.7 in school, and the new laptop lid closed. Something weird LibreOffice is MS Office where I can pick what OS to start. Ubuntu does not support it any is happening with keys like end, compatible, but that means It just goes straight to Windows. I more. I don’t want him messing page up, page down. It just doesn’t formats, not use. don’t know how to fix grub as with my Macbook. I’d rather gel. I have looked at keyboard google suggests. downgrade his HP. settings and nothing has changed. Q : I have downloaded a bunch of files from uni and I want to A : I suspect your BIOS has reset A : That would be Ubuntu 1 6.04, A : That last piece may be the bulk rename them, removing the to defaults rather. Do not but can I rather suggest you answer. I doubt the laptop first part that says ‘property of…’, fiddle with grub then, make sure load it in a Virtualbox VM for him. keyboard and your mini keyboard so I can sort them properly. I then your BIOS does not just boot has the same layout. If you cannot want to make changes and re-add straight to Windows. Dollars to Q : I have bought a sandisk mini set it with the keyboard setting, the ‘property o …’ to the front doughnuts that is where your issue USB3 thumb drive that does you can try: dpkg - -reconfigure lies. You may need to set “legacy -keyboard-configuration from the 44 boot” options. terminal. contents ^ full circle magazine #1 48
LINUX CERTIFIED Part 5 Written by EriktheUnready Where we are: some distributions, you still have it option comes into play. At the output. Again this is very handy to https://www.lpi.org/our- on a vast variety of systems, so let night school where I used to teach, see what is hogging your certifications/exam-201 -objectives us look at what we need to know. we had a lecturer who used to get resources, which is what we want (Measure and troubleshoot his students to memorise “netstat to do in “measuring” and resource usage). When one troubleshoots a -tuna”. Funny and handy. I would “troubleshooting”. So don’t break network connection, usually we recommend that you make rhymes your head over all the options now; W elcome back learners, and a run the “ping” command or or funny words to remember the for the exam, know how to nod to those “just “traceroute” command. When options you want to use, say “measure” and “troubleshoot”. interested”. We are continuing things look off, we run “netstat -r” “netstat -cult -n”. from last issue with the very first to see the routing table. This is SOME QUESTIONS topic, capacity planning. We are handy when you have multiple Let us deconstruct that last still busy with resource availability networks on multiple subnets, or one: Which of the following and troubleshooting. Last issue, multiple network cards on your • To see listening ports, -l commands will list the IPv4 we covered ps & pstree, and how server. Open a terminal and type • To see TCP ports, -t neighbours of the current system? you can use it to troubleshoot. This netstat -s please. Look at the • To see UDP ports, -u This includes IP and MAC time, let us look at network & output. Scroll up and down if you • To have no foreign address addresses (choose TWO correct bandwidth measuring and have to. One of the nice features resolution, -n answers): troubleshooting. of netstat is that it will reversely • To have it constantly updated, -c resolve hostnames for you, so if A. arp Now, LPIC objectives say you are connected to Remember , “-tuna” and “-t -u -n -a” B. ifconfig -lv eth0 netstat - and netstat is something www.somedomain.com, it will pop is the same. Can you come up with C. netstat -al you can write a book about. back and give you the IP, say, a catchy phrase? D. ip neigh show Luckily, they do not expect you to 41 .42.43.44, but this can take time. If you said C ... SHAME on you! remember every switch, etc. off When you are on your home PC or TRY THEM OUT! Just because we were learning the top of your head. (Have a look laptop, this is usually very quick about netstat doesn’t mean the here: and you do not wait. Now, imagine Let us do what we did with the answer will automatically be https://www.tecmint.com/20- a server with thousands of open previous commands and try to link netstat! netstat-commands-for-linux- ports, connected to thousands of it up. Give us your network-management/ ). The man clients. As sysadmin, you run a answer/explanation at page is rather overwhelming for netstat -l and the ‘Foreign Address’ When you add the -p option, [email protected] newbies, but feel free to peruse it. field needs to be populated for you will see the PID / Program Though dstat has replaced it in each one... This is where the -n name added at the end of the contents ^ full circle magazine #1 48 45
LINUX CERTIFIED Crossword answers: If you would like to jump ahead, or test your skills at an LPI exam, do a test paper here: https://www.itexams.com/exam/1 1 7-201 These were once valid LPI questions and will ease you into the format: • The new exam number is 201 - 400, 1 1 7-201 was the old one. • The site does require signing up, but sign up with temporary email – not your real email. • DO NOT learn these questions parrot fashion, as they are probably not real exam questions. Let us know how you did, good or bad, it does not matter. Good means you are ready to write and confident in your skills. Bad means you will be learning new stuff!! Yay! There is no down side here. If you do not know why an answer is the way it is, contact us. Erik has been in IT for 30+ years. He 46 contents ^ has seen technology come and go. From repairing washing machine sized hard drives with multimeters and oscilloscopes, laying cable, to scaling 3G towers, he's done it. full circle magazine #1 48
UBUNTU GAMES Baba Is You Written by Erik Website: Since everything is changeable, The levels are designed in a very minimal. The game would be https://hempuli.itch.io/baba-is-you you do not need to be Baba. crafty manner and are no perfectly happy in EGA graphics or Price: $7.99 on Steam Changing the “is you”, say, on to pushover. This alone gives it that on your old ZX Spectrum. What the flag, you become the flag. ‘just one more go feeling’. you see in these screenshots is I had heard about ‘Baba Is You’ Instead of reaching the flag to win, what you get. No fancy 4 x anti- when catching up on the game you can bend the rules and make THE SOUND AND GRAPHICS aliasing or light blooms, very basic. jams, so I decided to give it a go. the rock or wall as the winning Once the puzzles have you, target, and just touch that. Sounds Well, it’s ugly. It’s ugly in a way however, you will forget about the The game was made in easy, eh? Do not be fooled by this. that you will soon love. It is very graphics. Multimedia Fusion, so initially it was Windows only. Thanks to the full circle magazine #1 48 47 contents ^ people over at Valve, you can experience it on Linux. To describe the game, I would have to put Sokoban into your brain for the moment, as the game is clever puzzles based on this genre. The twist is in the rules. You have to change the rules to make your way through the hand-drawn levels. Baba (I assume it’s a sheep) is your character that has to reach a flag to finish the level. Sometimes the rules are outside the playing field and sometimes they are within. The rules, like objects on the playing field, can be changed by moving them. So for all you rule breakers out there, this is your game.
UBUNTU GAMES - BABA IS YOU The sound is minimal as well, The gameplay is smooth, even playing. The game has hundreds of actively working on it, according to which is good in a game like this on an embedded Intel-discrete puzzles, so do not think that you his blog. He is a Finnish student, where you have to concentrate. It’s graphics. There is not much to say will finish this game all in one go. named Arvi Teikari (known not bad, mind you, but, as I said, here as everyone is familiar with The game has quite an effect on professionally as Hempuli). minimal, meaning not a lot of Sokoban. The Puzzles, oh the one as there are many memorable instruments or fancy effects. I puzzles, will have you scratching levels. The game also features a AWARDS actually liked it. It goes with the your head very soon! ‘Baba Is You’ Mario-esque type of overworld overall minimalist theme of the is best when observing someone map where you do not have to do ‘Baba is You’ won first place at game. else play. That level you were stuck things in sequence (non-linear, but the 201 7 Nordic Game Jam. It also on and quit – will open before your linear... if that makes any sense). won the award for \"Best Student THE GAMEPLAY eyes as you watch someone else Game\" and \"Excellence In Design\" fail at it. Yes, just like chess, it has Though the game is released as at the 201 8 IGF Awards. its aha-moments when you are not “final”, the developer is still The overall game is fun and addictive, and deserves some of your time. The whole game screams clever. I really hate the saying ‘thinking outside of the box’, but this game fits that description. This ugly duckling gets four stars, as the price dropped and the developer is actively making it better. full circle magazine #1 48 48 contents ^
PATRONS MONTHLY PATRONS Roy Milner Lee Whitehead The current site was created thanks to Scott Mack Peter Swentzel Alex Crabtree Sony Varghese Lucas Westermann (Mr. Command & Alex Popescu Tom Bell 49 Bill Berninghausen Tony Conquer) who took on the task of Brian Bogdan Vincent Jobard completely rebuilding the site, and CBinMV Volker Bradley scripts, from scratch, in his own time. Darren William von Hagen The Patreon page is to help pay the Dennis Mack Taylor Conroy domain and hosting fees. The yearly Devin McPherson target was quickly reached thanks to Doug Bruce SINGLE DONATIONS those listed on this page. The money Elizabeth K. Joseph also helps with the new mailing list that Eric Meddleton 201 9: I set up. George Smith Several people have asked for a PayPal Henry D Mills Floyd Smith (single donation) option, so I’ve added a Hugo Sutherland Jack Hamm button to the right side of the website Jack aram v nathan Joao Cantinho Lopes Joachim Haupt A big thank you to all those who’ve John Andrews Hari Zafiriadis used Patreon and the PayPal button. John Malon Glenn Heaton It’s a HUGE help. John Prigge Adam Gwizdz JT George Parker https://www.patreon.com/ Kevin O'Brien Linda Prinsen Lee Allen Frank Dinger fullcirclemagazine Leo Paesen Graig Pearen Linda P Stefano Giancarli https://paypal.me/ronnietucker Mark Shuttleworth Raymond Meyer Norman Phillips wil van schaik https://donorbox.org/recurring Oscar Rivera J.J. van Kampen -monthly-donation Paul Anderson James Flanagan Paul Readovin Brian Kelly contents ^ Rob Fitzgerald Giulio De Chiara Frits van Leeuwen full circle magazine #1 48
HOW TO CONTRIBUTE Full Circle Team Editor - Ronnie Tucker FULL CIRCLE NEEDS YOU! FCM#1 49 [email protected] A magazine isn't a magazine without articles and Full Circle is no Deadline: exception. We need your opinions, desktops, stories, how-to's, Webmaster - Lucas Westermann reviews, and anything else you want to tell your fellow *buntu users. Sunday 08th Sept. 201 9. Send your articles to: [email protected] [email protected] Release: Editing & Proofreading Friday 27th Sept. 201 9. Mike Kennedy, Gord Campbell, Robert We are always looking for new articles to include in Full Circle. For help and advice Orsino, Josh Hertel, Bert Jerred, Jim Dyer and Emily Gonyer please see the Official Full Circle Style Guide: http://bit.ly/fcmwriting Send your comments or Linux experiences to: [email protected] Our thanks go to Canonical, the many Hardware/software reviews should be sent to: [email protected] translation teams around the world Questions for Q&A should go to: [email protected] Desktop screens should be emailed to: [email protected] and Thorsten Wilms for the FCM logo. ... or you can visit our site via: fullcirclemagazine.org Getting Full Circle Magazine: For the Full Circle Weekly News: EPUB Format - Most editions have a link to the epub file You can keep up to date with the Weekly News using the RSS on that issue's download page. If you have any problems feed: http://fullcirclemagazine.org/feed/podcast with the epub file, email: [email protected] Or, if you're out and about, you can get the Weekly News via Issuu - You can read Full Circle online via Issuu: Stitcher Radio (Android/iOS/web): http://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=85347&refid=stpr http://issuu.com/fullcirclemagazine. Please share and rate FCM as it helps to spread the word about FCM and Ubuntu. and via TuneIn at: http://tunein.com/radio/Full-Circle-Weekly- News-p855064/ FCM PATREON : https://www.patreon.com/fullcirclemagazine contents ^ full circle magazine #1 48 50
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