Marry Apple Matalog- Semestral project

PREPARED BY: MATALOG, MARRY APPLE C. BIT-CPET 3

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE Philippine literature is literature associated with the Philippines from prehistory, through its colonial legacies, and on to the present. Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature was actually epics passed on from gen- What is the main theme of eration to generation, originally through an oral tradi- Philippine literature? What is the importance Why is Philippine The early writings in Eng- of literature? lish were characterized by literature im- melodrama, unreal lan- Literature allows a person guage, and unsubtle empha- to step back in time and portant? sis on local color. The liter- learn about life on Earth ary content later imbibed from the ones who walked It gives nostalgic feel- What is the beauty of Philip- themes that express the before us. We can gather a ings and enjoyment to pine literature? search for Filipino identity, better understanding of re-examine the come- reconciling the centuries- culture and have a greater dies, tragedies and The beauty that is endowed to old Spanish and American appreciation of them. We inspiration of the any piece of literature is mani- influence to the Philippines' learn through the ways his- beautiful Filipino po- fested on how the writer logi- Asian heritage. tory is recorded, in the ems, stories, essays cally arranged the details of the forms of manuscripts and and plays. Going over story hence; the readers can them is a very won- have a lucid picture of the main derful experience. idea of the story. \"MORNING IN NA- TATA SELO NI ROGELIO SIKAT ANG KWENTO NI GREBCAN\" BY MA- MABUTI NI GENOVEVA NUEL E. ARGUILLA. Ang kwentong ito ay nagsimula sa Istaked. Dito, EDROZA-MATUTE pinagkaguluhan ng mga tao si Tata Selo. Ang dahi- This story is about the life lan kung bakit ponagkaguluhan siya ay pinatay nya Ang maikling kuwentong ito of boy in the Philippine si Kabesang Tano na may-ari ng lupang kanyang ay tungkol sa isang guro at ina countryside. His dog had sinsakahan. na kung bansagan ng kanyang puppies that he loved, mga estudyante ay “Mabuti”. cared for and protected. He Nataga ni Tata Selo ang Kabesa dahil npinaalis siya Si Mabuti ang naging dahilan and his younger brother got sa kanyang lupain ngunit tumanggi at pinagpilitan upangmaunawaan ng isang into a fight over the pup- ni Tata Selo na kaya pa niyang magsaka pero tin- mag-aaral sa katauhan ni Fe pies. The younger brother ungkod ito ng tinungkod ng Kabesa sa noo paliwa- ang tunay na kahulugan ng had snatched a puppy out nag niya sa binatang anak ng pinakamayamang pro- buhay. Si Mabuti may suliran- of the older brother's arms. pitaryo, sa Alkalde at maging sa Hepe na nagma- ing iniiyakan, tulad din ni Fe. While they were tussling lupit sa kanya sa loob ng istaked na pawang mga Sa kabila nito,napaghingahan they both fell on the puppy kilala ng Kabesa. niya ng damdam`in ang guro. and it died. The children's Bumuti ang kanyang pa- father beat the younger Isang araw, dualaw si Saling, ang kanyang anak. kiramdam atnaging positibo brother very badly. In the Naninirahan si Saling dati sa Kabesa at nanilbihan, ang kanyang pananaw sa end, the two brothers bur- subalit umuwi ito sa kadahilanang nagkasakit ito buhay. Natuklasan niya ang ied the puppy and life went makalawang araw bago ang insindente. Nakahabag isang lihimsa pagkatao nito na on as usual. si Tata Selo nang inisip niyang puwiin si Saling nagbunga ng anak. Ang anak dahil wala na siyang magagawa. na ipinagmamalaki ng guro sakabila ng lahat. Hindi niya Pinatawag ng Alkalde si Saling sa kaniyang tangga- kinabakasan ng kapaitan ang pan at pinuntahan niya iyon at hindi nakinig sa ama guro. Naramdaman ni Fena nito. Dumating muli si Saling at inutusan upang sila ni Mabuti ay iisa dahil pumunta sa tanggapan ng alkalde ngunit hindi ito nadama niya na silang dalawa papasukin, sabi ng kaniyang anak. Hindi ito inalin- ay bahagi ng mganilalang na tana ni Tata Selo at sinabi nalang nito na “inagaw nakararanas ng kalungkutan at sa kanya ang lahat”. nakakikilala ng kaligayahan. ASEAN LITERATURE 1

VIETNAM LITERATURE Literature in Vietnam has greatly evolved over the years from romanticism to realism. Two aspects of the litera- ture in the country are the folk literature and the written literature both of which developed almost at the same time. Folk literature features fairytales, folk legends, humorous stories, and epic poems. There are three main types of Vietnamese literature: 1) Truyen (traditional oral literature); 2) Han Viet (Chinese-Vietnamese literature); 3) Quoc Am (modern literature, or What are the two ma- What makes Vietnamese culture unique? jor components of Viet- namese literature? Part of the East Asian cultural sphere, Vietnamese What was the language used in culture has certain characteristic features including writing literary works of Vi- Like the river basins that ancestor veneration and worship, respect for commu- etnam? have nourished Vi- nity and family values, and manual labor religious etnam's agricultural civi- belief. Important cultural symbols include 4 holy an- Han. The earliest surviving litera- lization for thousands of imals: Dragons, Turtles, Phoenix, Unicorn ture by Vietnamese writers is writ- years, Vietnamese litera- ten in Classical Chinese. Almost ture has been fed by two What is the beauty of Vietnam literature? all of the official documents in Vi- great tributaries: the in- etnamese history were written in digenous oral literature Vietnam's literature was highly expressive and was Classical Chinese, as were the first and the written literature able to reveal the culture and history of the nation poems. of Chinese influence. such as the average crossing of a road in the country The oral poetry tradition and the many Buddhist poems created in the Tran is purely native. CHERISHED DAUGHTER THE SCHOOL BOY BY CHERISHED DAUGHTER The Cherished Daughter an anthology of WILLIAM BLAKE Verse from Antiquity to our time the sociological look of the poet had been The poem is about a schoolboy able to reveal the cultural situation in who is unhappy. He says that Vietnam. The Culture of Vietnam Wom- his childhood is crumpled for en cannot follow their own hearts to de- the sake of learning and teaching. The boy likes cides who will be their soul mate. mornings, trees, and birds. He loves being in nature. However, due to his school, his mornings are un- The author conveyed how Vietnamese pleasant and unhappy. He does not like going to culture affects the life of an individual school and is not interested in studies and books. especially women. Although, it should be respected, it doesn’t change the fact The poet further advises the parents to not deprive that one’s decision will contribute to an the child of joy and freedom that he deserves to have. unhappy outcome. Additionally, deci- In case we have unhappy children, our world will be sion is the state of independency and not full of sorrow. We will never be able to experience controlled by others. joy. BRUNEI LITERATURE Brunei’s culture is therefore deeply rooted in its Malay origins, which are reflected in the nation’s language, archi- tecture, ceremonies, and customs governing daily life. Brunei is probably just too small to cater for every single need. But most expats are satisfied or adapt. If you are enterprising and resourceful, living in Brunei can be a very comforta- ble and enjoyable experience. The government has promoted Brunei as “The Kingdom of Unexpected Treasures”. THE AUTHOR THE OILFIELDS LABOUR- The story of the oilfield ERS labourers is a kind of sad Brunei Darussalam has been short story. This story is an ASEAN member for 29 It is a story titled oilfield la- about hardwork and trag- years now, since 8 January bourer by Brunei Darusalam, ic event. This story was 1984. Throughout 29 years of translated by Siti Badriyah Biti created by the writer to Brunei Darussalam’s inde- Haji Md Yusuf. It features the give or replicate our own pendence, lots of the literary hardships and trauma of Yazid. views about a person’s works produced in the partic- At the start of the story, a vil- life and death. ular century reflects the na- lage was burnt along with other tion’s noble values and cul- villages around it and Yazid ASEAN LITERATURE 2 tural traditions that support signs of trauma from that expe- the nation’s philosophy of rience, and in the end of the sto- Malay Islamic Monarchy ry of Yazid fell from the high (Melayu Islam Beraja — part of the derrick oilfield and MIB) Yazid died.

MYANMAR LITERATURE The literature of Burma spans over a millennium. Burmese literature was historically influenced by Indian and Thai cultures, as seen in many works, such as the Ramayana. In addition, Burmese literature tends to reflect local folk- lore and culture. Burmese literature has historically been a very important aspect of Burmese life steeped in the Pali Canon of Buddhism. What were the literary The Kindergarten Teacher, Aung Thinn was sharing this anecdote to What is the important forms that were used in share his observations from his kin- role of Burmese litera- Myanmar? ture? Historical ballads, panegyr- dergarten teacher friend with the ic odes, metrical versions of reader. He’d been well off the mark Burmese literature Buddhist stories, and vari- in his assessment of excellent teach- ous other types of poetic ing, and witnessing how his friend played a key role in dis- forms, along with exhorta- instructed the kids served as a wake- tory letters, constitute this up call for him to improve. Like the seminating nationalism literature. Prose works writ- saying goes “You’ll never be suc- ten in Burmese during this cessful in your comfort zone” you among the Burmese dur- long period are compara- shall try things that may fail, because tively few. in those failure you learned most. ing the colonial era, with writers such as Thakin Kodaw Hmaing, an out- spoken critic of British colonialism in Burma. In what period Myanmar literature start- The Wedding Reception is a stor y that de- ed? picts culture in Myanmar , particularly the wedding reception which happened after the Modern Myanmar literature can be said to wedding proper. It shows the real-life situation have had its beginnings in the 1930s when the of a wedding, including the simplicity, ten- University of Angon was founded and the De- sions, unforeseen challenges, the couple’s ide- partment of Myanmar studies established. as, money issues, and so on. This narrative There was a new development in literature takes the characters of Sein Hla and Mar Mar known as the khitsan movement whose writers Tin back to reality, revealing that the wedding used a simple and direct style that has contin- was not a fairy tale set up at all. ued to this day. THAILAND LITERATURE Thai literature was heavily influenced by Indian culture and Buddhist-Hindu ideology since the time it first ap- peared in the 13th century. Thailand’s national epic is a version of the Ramayana called the Ramakien, translated from Sanskrit and rearranged into Siamese verses. What are the five main BOATMAN’S LOVE SONG forms of poetry in Thai- The most appealing part of the song is its chorus part be- land? cause it tells how deeply in love the boatman is that he The Siamese poetical me- adores her regardless of what her physical appearance is, he dium consists of five main still truly love her. When you’re in love, there’s a magical forms, known as khlong, connection when you’re with the right person. It seems that chan, kap, kion, and rai; as if the rest of the world is slipping away, and the man or some of these developed woman you’re with is your world for the time you’re togeth- indigenously while others er, and the boatman sees her loved ones imperfectly perfect. were borrowed from other languages. THREE LINES POEM Why is 1920s the golden Mui told us that Uten Mahamid writes a lot of these three THREE LINES POEM age in Thailand Litera- line poems, which are popular amongst young thai writers ture? and are kind of thai haiku , but with no real strictures be- yond the number of lines. We were most intrigued by the The late 1920s heralded a ones which seemed to distill a whole story in such a small golden decade in which a form. This one evokes a distant rural community so dull that number of writers began the only pleasure is the destruction of your own pleasure . In to address social issues the literal translation it was the most ‘ magical’ thing. We (such as polygamy, pros- though ‘ fantastic’ heightened the deadpan humours whilst titution, social inequality, still maintaining a sense of the fantastical –some thing out- and social class) in a seri- side of normal reality. ous way. ASEAN LITERATURE 3

CAMBODIA LITERATURE The classical literature of Cambodia comprises works composed in verse and recorded between the 16th and mid- 19th century; much of it reflects the cultural influence of India. It can be classified according to three major genres: the epic, verse novels, and cbap, or “codes of conduct.” The Crocodile and the Five Judges The Two Women Scrambled for a Baby The story is about the crocodile crawl- The story is all about the two mother who is ing out of a lake on a dry season look- arguing about who owns the baby. One of ing for someone to ask for a help. them claiming that the baby is hers, other one Then, it happens that the cart-driver said that the baby is also hers saying that it was passed by and help the hungry and stolen from her. It happens when one moth- thirsty crocodile to move it to a river. er who has baby already had been dead asked The cart-driver then tie the crocodile The Crocodile and the Five Judges \"Hey Friend your baby exactly resembles to the body of the cart so it will not mine. Can I hold and kiss your little?“ But sud- fall, bring it to the river and let it denly this mother took the baby to her drink to gain it’s strength back. But home. The two women started fighting the ungrateful crocodile said that the about the baby and they finally went to the cart-driver tied him tight and caused court together. The judge spent three days but him almost choked to death. So they could not settle. But the wise and smart King have arguments. Then there were five came and give them a challenge. In the end the judges but only one of them judge King already know who is the real mother and fairly. In the end, rabbit told cart- the mother who is impostor to be severe- driver to take out the ax and chop off ly punished from the King so she would not the head of the ungrateful crocodile.. dare to do it again. LAOS LITERATURE Traditional Lao literature consists of Buddhist sutras, jatakas (stories connected with the past lives of the Bud- dha), poems and epics. Many works have been lost because they were originally written in from of palm-leaf books, which perish quickly. Other were recorded and passed down orally in the form of songs and recitations. For English speakers, the pickings are even slimmer as very few works of Lao literature have been translated to English. The Bewail of Mother Thongkham Onemanisone is a SEA Write Award poet and national author. He This is a poem entitled “The Bewail of was born in 1949. He graduated with a Mother” by Dr. Thongkham Oneman- Philosophy degree on language and litera- isone and translated by Thanongsack ture from Hungary. His refined works are Vongsackda. The author wants to convey fashionable and recognized by the society the message to respect our mother in all and readers in the present period of litera- aspects of life. The poem is about the un- ture. He is a researcher for Lao idiom, lit- conditional love of a mother to her erature and traditions. His works are con- daughter, even she did not receive the sidered national literary treasures. same effort from her child the mother loves her daughter unconditionally. The Mosquito a Tale from Laos This story The mosquito a tale from laos is not just a story to explain why people are attracted to mosquitoes that may be so abundant in Laos. It also wants to encourage us to accept what heaven has to offer us. As in this story Ngoe Tam must have ac- cepted the death of his wife, so it made way to restore the life of Nham deep, when the woman woke up since then it did not go to him. So when they met again he took back the life he gave to Nham deep so after taking it back it suddenly became a small flying insect that needed blood to live like a character of Nham deep it just came back to life because of human blood. ASEAN LITERATURE 4

INDONESIA LITERATURE Early Indonesian literature originates in Malay literature, and the influence of these roots was felt until well into the twentieth century. The literature produced by the Pujangga lama (literally “the old poets”) was mainly written before the 20th century, but after the coming of Islam. Only poetry by agip rosidi Mrs. Geni in December - Being a poet is never easy as what we have imag- Marriage is one of the most awaited event in eve- ined. In fact they struggling every time there is no ry women’s life. It is the climax of their life as it idea coming out from their mind. It need higher lev- gives them excitement and gutt feeling whenever el of focus and peaceful environment for them make they are able to commit to this kind of status, but a piece in the poem, “only in the poetry” it show the not all women are capacitated to take step onto Mrs. Geni in December life of a poet it relates to the daily life difficult of marriage. There are some who are widows who former who workhand everyday with bead of sweat aren’t give the chance to be loved and to be in and tiredness. It is also similar how impossible Adan love permanently. There were also some that ued find Eve after he was evicted to the place their also to be married but not everlasting. They are get- times when poet consider their passion as nonsense, ting annulled and divorced due to variety of rea- when there is no assurance if they will be successful sons that usually pushes them to have that un- or not. If you are just a reader, it seems like it so plumbed perspectives about marriage. easy to make a poetry but you are definitely wrong. SINGAPORE LITERATURE The literature of Singapore comprises a collection of literary works by Singaporeans. It is written chiefly in the country’s four official languages: English, Malay, Standard Mandarin and Tamil. Sunflower for a Friend GRANDFATHER’S STORY Sunflower for a friend by Lee Tzu Pheng is for chil- dren being abused by their own parents, in a way that Grandfather’s story is all about reincarnation because in the parent calls their own child some hurtful words. On story the grandfather tells a tale of karmic rebirth which the other hand, the author’s use sunflower, which makes him to pay the sin committed a thousand years ago. there is a statement in the poem that the sunflower grows in mud but grows firmly is likened to the situa- tion of a child being abused by their parents, there are still children who grow well and steadfast despite their parent’s abuse. In this story, it showed that when you let your anger and greedy swallow you up, you can do bad things that you’ll be punished and eventually regret it at the same time. MALAYSIA LITERATURE Malaysian literature is the collection of literary works produced in the Malay peninsula until 1963 and in Malaysia thereafter. Malaysian literature is typically written in any of the country’s four main languages: Malay, English, Chi- nese, and Tamil. “Friends (Sahabat)” “Frying pan (Kuali Hitam)” On December, Anwar and Ismail give Mr. Jacob a notice that they The poet remembered how her mother worked hard will be leaving on The 31st of December. 2 days before Christmas, in the kitchen and around the house and may be in the that started packing things up. Unexpectedly 4 days before year end, field so that her children have something to eat. Nothing Ismail receive a call that the apartment he reserved will not be availa- pleased her more than to see them enjoying their food. ble until February 1st because the tenant extended their stay for a The poet grew up and live in the city with her modern month. So, Anwar and Ismail immediately go to the office of Mr. kitchen with shiny stainless frying pan /woks. This is Jacob and tells him the information about their leaving. But then Mr. where the sad thing happened. The mother scrubbed a pan Jacob tells both of them that they will be new tenant on their room with a bristle brush the way she did at home. The poet arriving on the January 1st. The two think of a solution and then Is- was alarmed and cried out that the mother has ruined her mail realized a friend that he met on the subway and give him his costly utensil. The mother looked very hurt . A few years number who named Nordin and with no doubt leaving them no later when her mother has returned to her Lord, the poet choice they call him and tells him what happens. Nordin has a tiny was in deep remorse. She realized her mistakes. How apartment, and the 3 moved in Nordin’s place after the call. After 7 could she raise her voice to a mother who have gone days of staying on Nordin’s apartment, Nuriah give birth to their eld- through such hardship to feed them. How could she have est child who happens to be a boy. Then Anwar realized how lucky valued a cooking utensil more than a mother’s love. he is for having the two as his friend. ASEAN LITERATURE 5