Padhle E-Book - Previous 10 Year Question Papers with Solutions 2011-20 - Class 10 Social Science

Q e ion (1 Ma k Each) 1. (a) Who in en ed p in ing p e and hen ? OR (b) Wha i efe ed o a \"Ki a-goi\" ? 2. Wha i he po i ion of India, in he o ld, in e m of ga cane p od c ion ? 3. Gi e one poin of diffe en ia e be een Ci il Righ Mo emen and Black Po e Mo emen . 4. Wha i ano he pop la name of R al local go e nmen in India ? 5. Wha i mean b Majo i a iani m ? 6. If he e a e fo membe in a famil and hei o al income i ` 20,000/- ha o ld be he a e age income of each pe on ? 7. Which ec o help in he de elopmen of he p ima and econda ec o ? 8. Define econda ec o . Downloaded from www.padhle.in

(3 Ma k Each) 9. (a) The m l ina ional companie (MNC ) choo e China a an al e na i e loca ion fo in e men ? E plain he a emen . OR (b) Highligh an h ee benefi of ind iali a ion on he ocie OR (c) Wha led o he e pan ion of pop la ion in Bomba in he mid 19 h cen ? Gi e an h ee ea on . 10. (a) The ilk o e a e a good e ample of ade and c l al link be een di an pa of he o ld. E plain i h e ample . OR (b) Wh e e he e cla he be een he ea e and he Goma ha ? E plain. OR (c) Wh did people of London call nde g o nd ail a ' he i on mon e '. Gi e an h ee ea on . 11. (a) Gi e an h ee ea on fo he enhancemen of li e ac in he e en een h and eigh een h cen ie in mo pa of E ope. OR (b) \"P emchand' no el a e filled i h po e f l cha ac e f om all le el of ocie .\" J if he a emen . 12. (a) Wh did B i i h go e nmen c b he f eedom of he Indian p e af e he e ol of 1857 ? OR Downloaded from www.padhle.in

(b) Ho e e he conce n of O i an Socie depic ed in he O i an no el of 19 h cen ? E plain. 13. Wh ha he land nde fo e no inc ea ed m ch f om 1960 - 61? 14. De c ibe he P ojec Tige la nched b he Indian go e nmen . 15. Wh i he oof op ain a e ha e ing he mo common a p ac ice in Shillong in pi e of he fac ha Che ap njee and Ma n am ecei ing highe ainfall in he o ld a e i a ed onl a di ance of 55 km f om he e ? E plain. 16. Which fea e of Pancha a i Raj do o like he mo and h ? E plain. 17. Wh do ocial diffe ence eme ge in a ocie ? Doe e e ocial diffe ence lead o ocial di i ion ? E plain o an e i h he help of an e ample. 18. E plain an h ee fo m of po e ha ing among diffe en o gan of go e nmen in India. 19. E plain common, diffe en and conflic ing goal b gi ing i able e ample . 20. E plain he p oblem of nde emplo men in he e ice ec o in ban a ea i h e ample . 21. Wha i he ba i fo de e mining fo de elopmen al goal of diffe en people ? Gi e one e ample o p o e ha de elopmen fo ome ma ca e ha m o o he . Downloaded from www.padhle.in

(5 Ma k Each) 22. (a) De c ibe he fac o ha led o he G ea Dep e ion of 1929. OR (b) Ho did co on fac o ie become an in ima e pa of he Engli h land cape in he ea l nine een h cen ? E plain. OR (c) E plain he change in he o k a ailable o omen in London d ing 19 h and 20 h cen . 23. (a) Wh did he Roman Ca holic Ch ch begin keeping an Inde of P ohibi ed Book f om he mid 16 h cen ? E plain b gi ing fi e ea on . 24. \"The declining ha e of ag ic l e in he G o Dome ic P od c (G.D.P.) i a ma e of e io conce n in India.\" S ppo he a emen i h an fi e ea on . 25. Wha i bio-di e i ? Wh i bio-di e i impo an fo h man li e ? Anal e. 26. Wh ha fede ali m cceeded in India ? Which h ee policie adop ed b India ha e en ed hi cce ? 27. Men ion an fi e ocio-economic change e pon ible fo b eaking do n he old no ion of ca e hie a ch in India. 28. Sho o a in hich ind ial poll ion deg ade he en i onmen ? S gge h ee mea e o con ol en i onmen deg ada ion. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

29. E plain an fi e fea e of he Te ia ec o . 30. (a) One fea e A i ho n in he gi en poli ical o line map of India. Iden if hi fea e i h he help of he follo ing info ma ion and i e i co ec name on he line ma ked on he map : (A) A oil pe (b) On he ame poli ical o line map of India, loca e and label he follo ing fea e i h app op ia e mbol : (B) Bhak a Nangal Dam (C) A S a e hich i he majo p od ce of Co on. An e 1. (a) P in ing p e a in en ed b Johanne G enbe g in he ea 1430. OR (b) T adi ional a of o elling i efe ed a Ki a-goi . Downloaded from www.padhle.in

2. The po i ion of India i econd in he o ld, in e m of ga cane p od c ion. 3. Ci il Righ Mo emen - The mo emen efe o a e of e en and efo m mo emen aimed a aboli hing legal acial di c imina ion again Af ican-Ame ican . Black Po e Mo emen - I a a mo e mili an and an i - aci mo emen . 4. Ano he pop la name of R al local go e nmen in India i Pancha a i Raj em. 5. Majo i a ini m i a belief ha he majo i comm ni ho ld be able o le co n b di ega ding he i he and need of mino i . 6. A e age income = To al Income/ No. of Membe = 20,000/4 = 5,000 7. Te ia ec o help in he de elopmen of he p ima and econda ec o . 8. I co e ac i i ie in hich na al p od c a e changed in o o he fo m h o gh a of man fac ing ha e gene all a ocia e i h ind ial ac i i ie . Fo e ample, af e ob aining a c op, le a , co on, e need machine o change i in o a n and clo h. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

9. (a) The m l ina ional companie (MNC' ) choo e China a an al e na i e loca ion fo in e men beca e : (i) Af e e ol ion of 1949, China g ad all en e ed he field of o ld econom . I a ac ed he fo eign MNC' o in e in china econom . (ii) China i he mo pop lo co n in he o ld, be ide labo he fo med a la ge con me ba e. (iii) Wage in China e e ela i el lo . So, i a g ea a ac ion fo he MNC' . OR (b) Benefi of ind iali a ion on ocie a e a nde : 1. I emo e po e b gene a ing la ge m of emplo men . 2. I help in economic g o h of he na ion. 3. I help in he g o ing of ade b p od cing mo e good . OR (c) Th ee ea on fo Bomba e pan ion : (i) When Bomba became he capi al of Bomba P e idenc in 1819, he ci e panded. Wi h he g o h of ade in co on and opi m, la ge comm ni ie of ade , banke , a ell a a i an and hopkeepe came o e le in Bomba . (ii) When e ile mill e e e abli hed in Bomba he e a f e h ge of mig a ion.The fi co on e ile mill in Bomba a e abli hed in 1854. In 1921, he e e e 85 co on mill i h abo 146,000 o ke . Downloaded from www.padhle.in

(iii) Bomba a a j nc ion of o majo ail a . Thi enco aged an e en highe cale of mig a ion in o he ci . Fo e ample, famine in d egion of K ch d o e la ge n mbe o Bomba in 1888-89. 10. (a) The ilk o e a e he good e ample of ade and c l al link be een di an pa of he o ld e, can e plain i a follo : (i) Hi o ian ha e iden ified e e al ilk o e , o e land and ea, kni ing oge he a egion of A ia and linking A ia i h E ope and No he n Af ica. (ii) Chine e po e a elled he ame o e, a did e ile and pice f om India. (iii)P ecio me al like gold and il e flo ed f om E ope o A ia. (i ) B ddhi m eme ged f om India and p ead in e e al di ec ion h o gh in e ec ing poin on he ilk o e. OR (b) i) The goma ha e e o ide & had no ocial link i h illage . ii) The ma ched in o he illage i h epo & peon . iii) The p ni hed ea e fo dela in ppl . i ) The ea e co ld no ell hei clo h o o he b e beca e he had o ell o he compan d e o he loan he ook f om hem. ) The had o accep he p ice offe ed b he compan o hem, al ho gh i a e lo . (c) i) P​ eople e e af aid o a el nde g o nd. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

ii) Man fel ha he i on mon e added o he me and nheal hine of he ci . iii) The ail a compa men e e o e c o ed and poll ed b moke. i ) The a mo phe e a a mi f me f om he ga lamp . e of lph , coal and d i h f el 11. (a) (a) Th ee ea on fo he enhancemen of li e ac in he e en een h and eigh een h cen in mo of he pa of E ope a e : (i) Ch che of diffe en denomina ion e e e p, and chool in illage began ca ing li e ac o pea an , a i an e c. (ii) B he end of he eigh een h cen in ome pa of E ope li e ac a e e e a high a 60 o 80 pe cen . (iii)A li e ac and chool p ead in E opean co n ie , he e a a i al eading mania. People an ed o ead and p in e p od ced book in e e inc ea ing n mbe . OR (b) (i) M n hi P emchand d e adi ion of Ki agoi o elling. Hi no el a e filled i h all kind of po e f l cha ac e , d a n f om all le el of ocie . (ii) Hi no el incl de cha ac e ch a a i oc a and landlo d , middle le el pea an and landle labo e and omen f om ma gin of ocie . He foc ed on ocial i e like child ma iage, do , pp e ion of do n odden cla e b landlo d . Downloaded from www.padhle.in

(iii) The omen cha ac e a e ong indi id al coming f om lo e cla e and a e no mode ni ed. 12. (a) The B i i h go e nmen c bed he f eedom of he Indian p e af e he e ol of 1857 beca e he a i de o f eedom of he p e changed. En aged engli hmen demanded a clamp do n on he 'na i e' p e . A e nac la ne pape became a e i el na ionali , he colonial go e nmen began deba ing mea e fo ingen con ol OR (b) In 1877, Ram hanka Ra , a d ama i , began e iali ing he fi O i a no el 'Sandamini'. B he co ld no comple e i i hin 30 ea , ho e e , O i a p od ced a g ea no eli , Faki Mohan Senapa i (1843-1918). The i le of hi no el Chaa Mana A ha G n ha (1902) po a i ac e and hi o decimal of land. I anno nce a ne kind of no el ha o ld deal i h he q e ion of land and i po e ion. Thi no el ill a ed he al i e ha e e an impo an pa of ban conce n . 13. Land nde fo e no inc ea ed m ch ince 1960-61 d e o follo ing ea on- Downloaded from www.padhle.in

i).The imp ope e of land hich ha ca ed deg ada ion of he a ailable land a ea and made con e a ion of fo e diffic l . ii). The e e inc ea ing illegal c ing of ee and fo e co e o mee he need of an inc ea ing pop la ion. iii). La ge cale de elopmen p ojec , ind iali a ion and bani a ion ha e ed ced he fo e co e o a g ea e en . 14. Tige i one of he mo impo an ildlife pecie in he fa nal eb. Hence, i became nece a o a e he ige and hi p ojec ige a c ea ed fo hi p po e. (i) P ojec ige a la nched in 1973 beca e he a ho i ie eali ed ha i pop la ion a d indling. (ii) The e a e 27 ige e e e in India, like Co be na ional pa k, S nde ban , Sa i ka and Mana ige e e e e c. (iii) Th ea o ige pop la ion i f om : Poaching fo ade, h inking habi a , deple ion of p e ba e pecie and g o ing h man pop la ion. (i ) India and Nepal p o ide habi a o 2/3 ( o hi d) of he ige pop la ion 15. i). The oof op ain a e ha e ing i he mo common p ac ice in Shillong in pi e of he fac ha Che ap njee and Ma n am Downloaded from www.padhle.in

ecei ing highe ainfall in he o ld a e i a ed onl a a di ance of 55 km f om he e. ii). In pi e of being e clo e o he a ea of highe ainfall in he o ld, Shillong face ac e ho age of a e . iii). Nea l e e ho ehold in he ci ha a oof op ain a e ha e ing c e. Nea l 15-25% of he o al a e eq i emen of he ho ehold come f om oof op a e ha e ing. 16. Pancha a i Raj i a em of go e nance in hich G am Pancha a a e he ba ic ni of admini a ion. G am Pancha a i a co ncil con i ing of e e al a d membe kno n a Panch and a P e iden o Sa panch. The a e di ec l elec ed b all he ad l pop la ion li ing in ha a d o illage. Thi fea e of G am Pancha a i e ignifican . People in a pa ic la illage elec hei o n ep e en a i e ho f e e m ch acq ain ed o familia i h he local i e . Th , he can ol e he p oblem of people ea il and effec i el . 17. i). Social diffe ence eme ge in a ocie hen people belonging o diffe en ocial g o p ha e diffe ence and imila i ie c ing ac o he bo nda ie of hei g o p . ii). E e ocial diffe ence doe no lead o ocial di i ion. Social diffe ence ma di ide imila people b can al o ni e e diffe en people ch a Ca lo and Smi h ho came oge he o figh ocial e il p ac iced in he ocie Downloaded from www.padhle.in

18. (i) Po e i ha ed among diffe en o gan of go e nmen h o gh he ho i on al di ib ion of po e . (ii) The e o gan a e Legi la i e, E ec i e and J dicia . (iii) Thi pe of di ib ion ad oca e epa a ion of po e in hich diffe en o gan of go e nmen a he ame le el e e ci e diffe en po e . (i ) Sepa a ion of po e en e a check o e he nlimi ed po e of each o gan in o de o main ain balance of po e among a io in i ion. Hence, hi pe of po e ha ing i al o called a em of Check and Balance . 19. The de elopmen goal ma be common, diffe en o conflic ing. (i) Common goal : The e a e ome eq i emen hich a e common o all like income, f eedom, eq ali , ec i , e pec and f iend hip e c. (ii) Diffe en goal : De elopmen and p og e doe no mean he ame fo e e indi id al. Each indi id al ha i o n idea of de elopmen . Fo E ample I iga ion fo fa me and emplo men fo nemplo ed o h. (iii) Conflic ing goal : Ma be he de elopmen fo ome ma become de c i e fo o he . Fo E ample Ind iali ma an dam fo elec ici b i ma di place he na i e of ha egion. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

20. The p oblem of nde emplo men i mo common in he e ice ec o in he ban a ea . I i a condi ion in hich man people o k in a e ice ec o b he ea n e li le beca e he o k le han illpo e . Fo e ample: in he e ice ec o , man people o k b he ea ned in li le amo n .The e ice ec o i he e ia ec o of Indian econom . 21. i). People ha e diffe en de elopmen al goal beca e people come f om diffe en backg o nd. Diffe en people ha e diffe en d eam and a pi a ion . ii). People e hei goal acco ding o he changing ci c m ance and he p e ailing i a ion iii). People ma change he goal i h he change in i a ion hich co ld be con adic o o p e io goal Fo E ample : A pe on illing o do highe ed ca ion ill change hi goal go fo emplo men beca e eak economic i a ion of he famil . 22. (a) The G ea Dep e ion a a e l of man fac o : i). P o pe i in he USA d ing he 1920 c ea ed a c cle of highe emplo men and income . I led o i e in con mp ion and demand . Downloaded from www.padhle.in

Mo e in e men and mo e emplo men c ea ed endencie of pec la ion hich led o he G ea Dep e ion of 1929 p o he mid-1930 . ii). S ock ma ke c a hed in 1929. I c ea ed panic among in e o and depo i o ho opped in e ing and depo i ing. A a e l , i c ea ed a c cle of dep ecia ion. iii). Fail e of he bank . Some of he bank clo ed do n hen people i hd e all hei a e , lea ing hem nable o in e . i ). Some bank called back loan aken f om hem a he ame dolla a e in pi e of he falling al e of dolla . I a o ened b B i i h change in polic o al e po nd a he p e- a al e. ). In La in Ame ica, i iden ified he l mp in ag ic l al and a ma e ial p ice . ( i). The US a emp o p o ec i econom d ing he dep e ion b do bling impo d ie al o deal ano he e e e blo o he o ld ade. (b) Co on fac o ie became an in ima e pa of he Engli h land cape in he ea l nine een h cen . I can be e plained i a follo : (i) Se ie of in en ion in he 18 h cen inc ea ed he efficienc of ca ding, i ing, pinning, e c. (ii) C ea ion of co on mill b Richa d A k igh (iii) Cen ali ed and in eg a ed p oce . (i ) P ope pe i ion and con ol. ( ) Ne mill and ne echnologie . Downloaded from www.padhle.in

(c) The change in he o k a ailable o omen in London d ing 19 h and 20 h cen a e a follo : (i) In he 18 h and 19 h cen ie , a la ge n mbe of omen e e emplo ed in he fac o ie beca e d ing ha pe iod, mo of he p od c ion ac i i ie e e ca ied o i h he help of he famil . (ii) Wi h echnological de elopmen , omen g ad all lo hei ind ial job and e e fo ced o o k i hin ho ehold . Acco ding o he 1861 Cen , abo a q a e million omen o ked a dome ic e an in London, mo of hem e e f om mig an familie . (iii) Ho e e , in he 20 h cen , omen again a ed ge ing emplo ed in a ime ind ie and office beca e mo of he male ci i en e e figh ing a he f on . (i ) Man omen inc ea ed hei famil income b aking lodge o pa ing g e . Some ea ned hei li ing h o gh ailo ing, a hing o ma chbo making. ( ) Con e a i e allied again omen and fo ced hem o go back o hei home . 23. (a) (i) I a fea ed ha if he e a no con ol o e he p in ed ma e ial, hen ebellion and i a ional ho gh migh p ead. (ii) Man mona ch fel ha if no con ol a applied, hen p in ed book co ld lead o ebellion again he a e a ho i ie . Downloaded from www.padhle.in

(iii) Man eligio a ho i ie fel ha f ee p in ma e ial co ld make he people ebel again hei che i hed eligion . (i ) E en man i e and a i began o fea ha if no con ol a e ended on he p in ed ma e ial , he a ho i ie of he al able p blica ion o ld be de o ed. ( ) Thi i he ea on he Roman Ca holic Ch ch begin keeping an Inde of P ohibi ed Book f om he mid 16 h cen . (b) (i) Righ f om he beginning omen go in ol ed in i ing and eading no el . In he 18 h cen , omen ha become mo e lei e o ead a ell a o i e no el . (ii) No el began o e plo e he o ld of omen, hei emo ion and iden i ie , hei e pe ience and p oblem . (iii) Women began o i e no el abo hei dome ic li e b d a ing pon hei o n e pe ience . (i ) The o e abo dome ic life and non-p blic ecogni ion. ( ) Fo E ample : Jane A en' 'P ide and P ej dice' ga e a glimp e of he o ld of omen in gene al al ocie in ea l 19 h cen England. Cha lo e B on e' Jane E e depic ed he life of an independen a e i e oman. 24. i). If he p od ce in ag ic l e ed ce , hen i mean ha he e i no m ch o k fo he al fa me . The e i mo e nemplo men . Downloaded from www.padhle.in

ii). The e a e man ind ie ha p oce c op /food f om he ag ic l al ec o . The ill be o of b ine oo. So he econom goe do n. iii). The ock e change indice al o go do n. Tha al o lead o de al a ion of c enc . i ). People in he na ion go h ng d e o lack of fficien p od ce. ). G ain and eed need o be impo ed. Hence he go e nmen and people ha e o pend mone fo impo and pa e a oo. 25). i).The o al n mbe of pecie of plan , animal and mic oo gani m li ing on he ea h i called biodi e i . ii). I i he a ie of o gani m p e en in he eco em. I i e m ch nece a o main ain ecological balance hich can be achie ed b con e a ion of biodi e i . iii). In ocie h man being a e in e dependen . H man a e con ide ed a ocial animal . H man depend on o he fo hei i al and ellbeing. i ). Apa f om hi , he e i al a an in e ac ion of h man i h bio ic and abio ic comm ni ie . 26). Fede ali m i he em of go e nmen in hich po e i ha ed among he diffe en in i ion no i hin he ingle con i ion bod . The con i ion o line he de ail of po e and Downloaded from www.padhle.in

f nc ioning of he go e nmen a diffe en le el . India ha ied o accommoda e all i di e i ie in i fede al e p. The policie ha en e cce a e : (i) Ling i ic S a e : S a e a e di ided on he ba i of he lang age poken in he a e o egion. E . Ma a hi i he lang age of Maha a h a, A ame e i he lang age of A am e c. (ii) Lang age polic : All lang age ha e eq al igh . The e i no a e lang age in he co n . (iii) Cen e a e ela ion : Po e a e di ib ed among he o a e and cen e . 27. i). Social efo me like Jo iba Ph le, Gandhiji, D . B.R. Ambedka , e c., ad oca ed and o ked o e abli h a ocie in hich ca e ineq ali ie a e ab en . ii). Wi h economic de elopmen , la ge cale bani a ion, g o h of li e ac and ed ca ion and he eakening of he po i ion in he illage , he old no ion of ca e hie a ch a e b eaking do n. iii).The Con i ion of India p ohibi di c imina ion of an pe. I p o ide eq al oppo ni ie o all. I ). P o i ion of f ndamen al igh ha pla ed a majo ole beca e he e igh a e p o ided o all he ci i en i ho an di c imina ion. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

).The ca e em can f he be emo ed b he p ead of ed ca ion and b p omo ing in e ca e ma iage . 28). Ind ial poll ion deg ade en i onmen in he follo ing a: (i) Ai i poll ed b ga e like-ca bon dio ide, ca bon mono-o ide e c., hich a e ha mf l fo h man . (ii) Ind ial effl en poll e i e . Pape p lp, e ile, chemical ind ie poll e land and oil d e o hei o ic ma e ial . S ep o con ol ind ial poll ion can be e plained a follo : (i) Smoke can be ed ced b ing oil o ga in ead of coal in fac o ie . (ii) T ea ing ho a e and effl en befo e elea ing hem in i e and pond . (iii) Minimi ing e of a e fo p oce ing b e ing and ec cling in o o o mo e cce i e age . 29). (i) The ec o in ol e ac i i ie ha help in he de elopmen of he p ima and econda ec o . (ii) The e ia ec o doe no p od ce an kind of good b he aid and ppo in he p od c ion p oce . (iii) Te ia ec o help o an po good , p od ced in p ima o econda ec o o a ange fo hole ale and e ail ale. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

(i ) Help in he o age of good in godo n , and p o ide banking e ice. ( ) Since he e ac i i ie gene a e e ice o he han good , i i called he e ice ec o . I al o incl de eache , doc o and o he p ofe ional ho a e no connec ed i h p od c ion of good . 29). (A) A oil pe - Black oil (b) On he ame poli ical o line map of India, loca e and label he follo ing fea e i h app op ia e mbol : (B) Bhak a Nangal Dam (C) A S a e hich i he majo p od ce of Co on - G ja a Downloaded from www.padhle.in

CBSE Social Science 2015 SECTION - A (1 Marks) 1. What was the main aim of the French revolutionaries? 2. How do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks ? 3. What was the main aim of the popular movement of April 2006, in Nepal ? 4. How can you say that democracies are based on political equality ? 5. Why do political parties involve partisanship ? 6. What is meant by double coincidence of wants ? 7. Suppose your parents want to purchase Gold jewellery along with you; then which logo will you look for on the jewellery ? 8. How does money act as a medium of exchange ? SECTION - B (3 Marks) 9. How did nationalism develop through culture in Europe? Explain in detail. 10. Describe the main features of Poona Pact . 11. How did Salt March become an effective tool of resistance against colonialism ? Explain. 12. Explain the importance of railways as the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. 13. Why has the Chota Nagpur Plateau Region the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries ? Analyse the reasons. 14. How can solar energy solve the energy problem to some extent in India ? Give your opinion. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

15. Dynastic succession is one of the most serious challenges before the political parties. Analyse the statement. 16. How is democracy accountable and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens ? Analyse. 17. A challenge is an opportunity for progress. Support the statement with your arguments. 18. Why is modern currency accepted as a medium of exchange without any use of its own ? Find out the reason. 19. Foreign trade integrates the markets in different countries. Support the statement with arguments. 20. Explain with an example how you can use the right to seek redressal. 21. Describe any five steps taken by the French Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity among the French people. 22. Explain the attitude of the Indian merchants and the industrialists towards the Civil Disobedience Movement 23. What is the manufacturing sector ? Why is it considered the backbone of development ? Interpret the reason. 24. Which is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India ? Assess the importance of its different forms. 25. What is meant by a political party ? Describe the three components of a political party. 26. Suggest any five effective measures to reform political parties. 27. How do banks play an important role in the economy of India ? Explain. 28. Globalization and greater competition among producers has been advantageous to consumers. Support the statement with examples. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

29. Three features A, B and C are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map : A. The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held in 1927. B. The place associated with the Peasant s Satyagraha. C. The place related to calling off the Non- Cooperation Movement. 30. (30.1) Two features A and B are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map : A. Iron-ore mines B. Terminal Station of East-West Corridor (30.2) On the same political outline map of India, locate and label the following : Vishakhapatnam — Software Technology Park. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

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CBSE Social Science 2015 Solutions - 1. The French revolutionaries aimed at the abolition of monarchy, foundation of a secular and democratic republic, liberation of the people of Europe from dictatorship, drafting of a formal constitution etc. 2. Minerals are formed in the sedimentary rocks due to deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata over long periods under great heat and pressure or coal. 3. The popular movement aimed at restoring democracy. 4. Democracies are based on political equality as individuals have equal weight in electing representatives. 5. Parties are a part of the society and thus they involve partisanship. 6. Double coincidence of wants refers to a situation when both the parties agrees to sell and buy each other s commodities. 7. We will search for the Hallmark logo on the jewellery. 8. Money acts as a medium of exchange because it acts as an efficient link between the exchange of commodities. 9. Nationalism developed through culture in Europe as : (i) Culture played an important role in creating example the idea of the nation, art and poetry, stories and music helped to express and shape nationalist feeling. (ii) Romanticism was a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists and poets generally criticized the glorification of reason and science and focussed instead on emotions, intuition and mystical feeling. (iii) German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people (das volk). It was through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation was popularised. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

10. The Poona Pact was the agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar signed on 24 September, 1932. The major points in this pact were as follows: (i) 148 seats were to be allotted to the depressed classes in the provincial legislatures. This was more than double from the 71 seats as promised in the Communal Award. (ii) Certain percentage of the seats allotted to the general Non-Muslim electorate would be reserved for the depressed classes. (iii)Congress agreed that adequate representation would be given to the depressed classes in the civil services. (iv) The depressed classes agreed to adhere to the principles of Joint Electorate. 11. Salt became an effective tool of resistance against colonialism because of the following reasons: (i) Gandhiji found in salt a powerful bond that would unite the nations as it was consumed by all rich and poor alike. (ii) Gandhiji s letter to Viceroy Irwin stated eleven demands. Most of them were of general interest but the most stirring was to abolish the salt tax imposed by the colonial government. (iii) Irwin s unwillingness to negotiate forced Gandhiji to start his salt March which was joined by thousands. It developed the feeling of nationalism. (iv) People in different parts of the country broke salt law and manufactured salt and demonstrated infront of government salt factories. (v) People unitedly followed Gandhiji s words. They refused to pay taxes, revenues, picketed liquor shops, boycotted foreign clothes, resigned from government jobs violated forest laws. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

12. The railways are the main artery of inland transport in India. It is the lifeline of the country as mentioned below : (i) The Indian Railways have a network of 7,031 stations, 7,817 locomotives, 5,321 passenger service vehicles, 4,904 other coach vehicles and 2,28,170 wagons as on 31st March, 2004. (ii) Railways are useful in conducting business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transporta- tion of goods over longer distances. (iii) It is the largest public undertaking in the country. Thus, the railways is playing an important role in our economy. 13. The major factors are : (i) Availability of raw material : Iron ore, cooking coal and lime stone are required in the ratio of approximately 4:2:1. All these materials are available in the Chota Nagpur region. (ii) Availability of water : Water is provided by Damodar river and it s tributaries, which is a perennial source of water. (iii)Cheap labour : High density of population provides large and cheap labour force. 14. Solar energy can surely solve the energy problem to some extent in India as : (i) India is a tropical country and has many possibilities of tapping solar energy. (ii) The use of solar energy will minimise the dependence of rural households on firewood and dung cakes. (iii) Due to rising prices of oil and gas, there is a need to shift to non-conventional sources of energy (solar energy). Downloaded from www.padhle.in

15. 1. Most ideological groups don't rehearse open and straightforward techniques for their working. 2. There are not many ways for a conventional laborer to ascend to the top in a gathering. 3. In numerous gatherings the top positions are constantly constrained by individuals from one family. 4. This training is uncalled for to different individuals from that party and is likewise awful for a vote based system. 5. Individuals who don't have sufficient experience or well known help come to involve position of intensity. 16. Democracy is people s own government. (i) In a democracy, people have the right to choose their representatives and the people will have control over them. (ii)Everybody expect the government to fulfill the needs and expectations of the people. (iii) It is expected that the democratic government develops mechanisms for citizens to hold the government accountable. 17. Once a country faces the foundational challenges of establishing democracy or transforming itself from a non-democratic regime to a democratic one it has to move ahead or move further. A challenge of foundation is an opportunity to establish democratic system, to have free and fair elections and to acknowledge the rights to the people. Once the country overcomes this challenge it has to expand democracy even to the grassroot level. Later, it has to deepen the democratic institutions, strengthen the institutions of democracy to ensure greater participation of the people. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

Thus, such institutions have to work on a much responsible manner for the needs of the people. 18. The modern currency i.e., rupee, does not have any value of it s own because it is not as precious as gold and silver, it is made up of paper. However it is used for transactions in exchange for some goods and services. But it is still considered as a medium of exchange, as it is authorized by the Government of India. 19. Foreign trade provides opportunities for both producers and buyers to reach beyond the domestic market of their own countries. Goods travel from one country to another. For the buyers, import of goods produced in another country provides opportunity to extend their choice of goods beyond what is domestically produced. Competition among producers of various countries prevail as they can sell their products not only in the domestic market but also compete in the market of other countries. Thus, foreign trade has been the main channel connecting countries. For example Silk route connects India and South Asia to the markets in both the East and West. 20. Consumers have the Right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices and exploitation. It also includes the right to fair settlement of the genuine grievances of the consumer. If damage is done to the consumer, he or she has the right to get compensation depending on the degree of damage. For example, Prakash had sent a money order to his village for his daughter's marriage. The money did not reach to his daughter at the time when she needed it, nor did it reach months later. So Prakash filed a case in the district level consumer court and practised right to seek redressal. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

21. i) They choose a new French flag, the tricolour, to replace the royal stand. ii) The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. iii) In the name of the nation, new hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated. iv) They established a centralised administrative system, which formulated uniform laws for all citizens. v) Discouraging regional dialects and promoting French as a common language of the nation. 22. The attitude of the Indian merchants and the industrialists towards the Civil Disobedience Movement was: 1) During the 1st World War Indian merchants and industrialists had made huge profits and became powerful. 2) They wanted protection against imports of foreign goods and a Rupee Sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage import. 3) To organize business interest they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress (in 1920) and the Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries - FICCI (in 1927). 4) They gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods. 5) Most businessmen came to see Swaraj as a time when colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist and trade and industry would flourish without constraints. 6) After the failure of the Roundtable conference, business groups were no longer uniformly enthusiastic. 7) They were apprehensive of the spread of militant activities and worried about prolonged disruption of business. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

23. Industries which are involved in the production of goods in large quantities after processing raw materials to more valuable products are called manufacturing industries. For example Iron and Steel industries. Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular mainly because : (i) Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduces the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. (ii) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. (iii) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. (iv) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous. 24. In India, coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. Coal, therefore, is found in a variety of forms depending on the degrees of compression and the depth and time of burial. Decaying plants in swamps produces Peat. It has a low carbon and high moisture contents and low heating capacity. Lignite is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content. The principal lignite reserves are in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu and are used for generation of electricity. Coal that has been buried deep and subjected to increased temperatures is Bituminous coal. It is the most popular coal for commercial use. Metallurgical coal is high grade bituminous coal which has a special value for smelting iron in blast furnaces. Anthracite is the highest quality hard coal. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

25. A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good. There are different views on what is good for the society and people. Every political party wants to persuade people when their policies are better than other parties, and tries to win the support of people. A political party has three components: the leaders, the active members and the followers. (i) The leaders : Every Political party has some prominent leaders who formulate policies and programmes for the party and choose candidates for contesting elections. Those who contest elections and win, they perform the administrative job. (ii) The active members : They are involved in different committees of the party and participate directly in their activity. They are the ones, who climb a ladder from being the follower and become the assistant of the leaders to gain knowledge about the politics. (iii) The followers : They believe in the party's ideology and support the party by casting their votes in favour of the party at the time of election. They are simply the ardent followers of the leaders and work under the able guidance of the active members. 26. Political parties can be reformed in the following ways : i) The anti-defection law was introduced to curb the growing trend of elected representatives who changed political parties to become ministers or to get cash rewards. ii) The affidavit requirement was an order passed by the Supreme Court as a measure to curb the challenge of money and muscle power. iii) The third reform measure was made by the Election Commission where for all political parties it was mandatory to hold regular elections and also file their income tax returns. Besides these, many suggestions are often made to reform political parties: iv) It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a minimum number of tickets, about one-third, to women candidates. Similarly, there should be a quota for women in the decision-making bodies of the party. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

v) There should be state funding of elections. The government should give parties money to support their election expenses. This support could be given in kind: petrol, paper, telephone etc. Or it could be given in cash on the basis of the votes secured by the party in the last election. 27. Banks play an important part in India s economy by providing a safe foundation for individuals and businesses to invest or deposit their money, which allows the bank to use the money in its possession for loans. The ability for the public to receive these loans enables them to make purchases, which drives the economy at higher level. The bank is able to take the deposits, which start out as liabilities, and turn them into assets. This is accomplished by the banks investing the money that is deposited in a way that gains them higher returns than what is being paid to the depositor's account when they receive interest. This allows the banks to loan money and still have the funding to cover any withdrawals that an account holder may make. 28. Globalization and greater competition among producers-both local and foreign, has been of advantage to consumers in the following ways :- (i) Companies have invested in new technologies to raise their production quality to compete with the MNCs, thus, ensuring that consumers get better quality products and get satisfied. (ii) Indian companies has collaborated with MNCs to produce more functional and advanced products, thus, benefitting the consumers. (iii) Consumer can enjoy improved quality at lower prices for several products. This has led to higher standard of living. (iv) There is great choice available to the consumers in goods. (v) The quality of goods has been improved. (vi) Due to competition the prices of various products has decreased. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

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CBSE Social Science 2014 SECTION - A (1 Marks) 1. Which method of hand-printing was developed in China? 2. What is the most common indicator for measuring economic development of a country ? 3. What measure was adopted by the democratically elected government of Sri Lanka to establish Sinhala Supremacy ? 4. Much of the official work in Indian States is done in which language ? 5. Who are represented by the term ‘African American’ ? 6. What is the advantage of per capita income ? Mention any one. 7. Name the sector which continued to be the largest employer even in the year 2000. 8. What do final goods and services mean ? SECTION - B (3 Marks) 9. “The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.” Explain how. 10. What attracted the Europeans to Africa ? Give any three reasons. 11. Highlight any three circumstances that led to the intermingling of the hearing culture and the reading culture. 12. Highlight any three innovations which have improved the printing technology from nineteenth century onwards. 13. Mention any three features of arid soils. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

14. Assess the need for the conservation of forests and wildlife in India. 15. Describe any three traditional method of rainwater harvesting adopted in different parts of India. 16. “The Government of India gives holidays for the festivals of most of the religions.” Why is it so ? Give your viewpoint. 17. Explain the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies. 18. Why do some people think that it’s not correct to politicize social divisions ? Give three reasons 19. Classify the economic sectors on the basis of nature of activities. Mention the main feature of each. (i) Primary sector (ii) Secondary sector (iii) Tertiary sector 20. Why is NREGA also called the Right to Work ? Explain. 21. Apart from income, which other six things people look for growth and development ? SECTION - C (5 Marks) 22. Explain the effects of the Great Depression of 1929 on the Indian economy. 23. How far is it right to say that the print culture was responsible for the French revolution ? Explain. 24. Suggest any five measures to control land degradation in India. 25. Provide a suitable classification for resources on the basis of ownership. Mention main features of any three types of such resources. 26. Identify the determinants of the outcomes of the politics of social division and explain them. 27. Explain the factors that have led to the weakening of the caste system in India. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

28. Describe any five conditions or aspects that you would consider before accepting a job. 29. Explain with examples that there are other important development goals also besides income. 30. (a) One item A is shown in the given political outline map of India. Identify this item with the help of following information and write its correct name on the line marked on the map. (A) A Type of Soil (ii) On the same political outline map of India, locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols. (B) Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary (C) Salal Dam Downloaded from www.padhle.in

CBSE Social Science 2014 Solutions - 1. From AD 594 books in China ere printed b rubbing paper against the inked surface of oodblocks. 2. Income is the most common indicator. 3. In 1956, an Act as passed to make Sinhala the official language. The go ernment follo ed preferential policies fa ouring Sinhala applicants for Uni ersit positions and go ernment jobs. 4. Much of the official ork in Indian States is done in the official language of the concerned state. 5. African-Americans or the Blacks is the name gi en to the descendants of Africans ho ere brought into America as sla es bet een 17th centur and earl 19th centur . 6. Per capita income helps to compare the de elopment of countries as it tells us hether people in one countr are better off than others in a different countr . 7. The primar sector continued to be the largest emplo er e en in the ear 2000. 8. The arious production acti ities in the primar , secondar and tertiar sector produce large number of goods and ser ices for consumption and in estment are final goods and ser ices. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

9. The silk routes are a good e ample of ibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links bet een distant parts of the orld. This can be justified through the follo ing points : (i) The routes on hich cargoes carried Chinese silk to the est ere kno n as, Silk routes. Historians ha e disco ered se eral silk routes o er land and b sea, co ering ast regions of Asia and connecting Asia ith Europe and Northern Africa. (ii) E en potter from China, te tile and spices from India and South Asia also tra elled the same route. In return, precious metals like gold and sil er flo ed from Europe to Asia. (iii) Culturall , Buddhism emerged from Eastern India and spread in se eral directions through the silk route. Thus, silk route not onl pla ed a major role in linking distant parts of the orld but also helped in the promotion of trade. 10. (i) Vast resources of land and minerals : In the late 19th centur , Europeans ere attracted to Africa due to its ast resource of land and minerals. (ii) Establishment of plants and mines : Europeans came to Africa hoping to establish plantations and mines to produce crops and minerals for e port to Europe. (iii) Destruction of cattle disease : The loss of cattle disease destro ed African li elihoods. Planters, mine o ners and colonial go ernments no successfull monopolised hat scare cattle resources remained to force Africans into the labour market. 11. Circumstances that led to the intermingling of the hearing culture and the reading culture : (i) With the printing press, a ne reading public emerged. Printing reduced the cost of books. Access to books created a ne culture of reading. Earlier reading as restricted to the elite. (ii) Common people li ed in a orld of oral culture. The heard sacred te ts read out, ballads recited and folk tales narrated. Kno ledge as transferred orall . (iii) Printers began publishing popular ballads and folk tales, illustrated ith pictures. These ere sung and recited at gatherings. Oral culture thus entered print and printed material as orall transmitted. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

12. Three inno ations hich ha e impro ed the printing technolog from nineteenth centur on ards : (i) The qualit of printing plates became better and methods of feeding paper impro ed. (ii) Automatic paper reels and photoelectric controls of the colour register ere introduced. (iii) The accumulation of se eral indi idual mechanical impro ements transformed the appearance of printed te ts. 13. Features of arid soils : hich (i) Arid soils range from red to bro n in colour and ha e a sand te ture. (ii) The are saline in nature.In areas here salt content is high, common salt is obtained b e aporation. (iii) The lo er hori ons of this soil ha e kankars because of high calcium content restrict infiltration of ater. 14. There is a need to conser e the forests and ildlife in India because : (i) To preser e ecological di ersit : Conser ation of biodi ersit is necessar because it preser es the ecological di ersit and preser es our life support s stems i.e., ater air and soil. For e ample, the plants, animals and micro-organisms recreate the qualit of the air e breathe, the ater e drink and the soil that produces our food ithout hich e cannot sur i e. (ii) Top reser e genetic di ersit :Italsopreser esthe genetic di ersit of plants and animals for better gro th and breeding of species. For e ample, in agriculture e are still dependent on traditional crop arieties. Fisheries too are hea il dependent on the maintenance of aquatic biodi ersit . (iii) Forest are primar producers on hich all other li ing beings depend not onl for food but indirectl for man other forest produces hich are used for different purposes. 15. Different rain ater har esting s stems practised in India are : (i) In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, all houses had underground tanks or tank as for storing drinking ater. The tanks ere connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. Rain falling on the rooftops ould tra el do n the pipe and as stored in these underground tankas. (ii) In the estern Himala a s di ersion channels called guls or kuls are built to utili e rain ater for agriculture. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

(iii) In arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan agricultural fields ere con erted into rain fed storage structures. Rain ater as allo ed to stand and moisten the soil. These structures are called Khadins and Johads 16. (i) India is a secular state hich means that the go ernment does not uphold an one religion. All religions are considered equal in the Indian Constitution. There is no religious discrimination. (ii) Go ernment schools and offices, police stations, la courts, are not allo ed to promote an religion. So the cannot celebrate an religious festi als in the go ernment spaces. Therefore, the go ernment has declared most religious festi als as public holida s so that people can celebrate them in their homes. 17. The one a to ensure that omen related problems gets adequate attention is to ha e more omen as elected representati es. To achie e this, it is legall binding to ha e a fair proportion of omen in the elected bodies. (i) Pancha ati Raj in India has reser ed one-third seats in Local go ernment bodies for omen. (ii) In India,the proportion of omen in legislature has been er lo . The percentage of elected omen members in Lok Sabha is not e en 10 per cent and in State Assemblies less than 5 per cent. India is lagging behind se eral de eloping countries of Africa and Latin America. Women organisations ha e been demanding reser ations of at least one- third seats in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for Women. (iii) And onl recentl , in March 2010, the omen s reser ation bill as passed in the Raj a Sabha ensuring 33% reser ation to omen in Parliament and State Legislati e bodies. 18. Social di isions of one kind or another e ist in most countries of the orld and these di isions are reflected in politics and affect politics. E pression of social di isions in politics lead to disaster. If social di isions do e ist in a countr , the must ne er be e pressed in politics, because the combination of politics and social di isions is er dangerous . (i) Democrac in ol es competition among arious political parties. Their competition tends to di ide societ . Downloaded from www.padhle.in

(ii) If the start competing in terms of some e isting social di ision, it can make social di isions into political di isions and lead to conflict, iolence or e en disintegration of a countr . In Yugosla ia, political competition along religious and ethnic lines led to disintegration of the countr into si independent countries. (iii) Social di isions effect oting in most countries. People from one communit tend to prefer some part more than other. 19. On the basis of nature of acti ities, economic sectors are classified into : (i) Primar sector (ii) Secondar sector (iii) Tertiar sector (i) Primar sector : It forms the base for all other products that e subsequentl make. Since most of the natural products e get are from agriculture, dair , fishing, forestr , this sector is also called the sector for agriculture and related acti ities (stone quarr ing, animal husbandr , etc.) (ii) Secondar sector : It co ers acti ities in hich natural products are changed into other forms through a s of manufacturing. It can take place in a factor , orkshop or at home. E amples : (a) Spinning arn from cotton fibre from plants. (b) Making sugar from sugarcane. It is also called the Industrial sector. (iii) Tertiar sector : Acti ities in this sector do not produce an goods. This sector produces ser ices that act as aid and support to the primar and secondar sectors. Ser ices like administration, police, arm , transport, hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph, courts, municipal corporation, insurance companies, storage, trade communication and banking are some of the e amples of acti ities of the tertiar sector. This sector is also kno n as the ser ice sector. 20. E er state or region in India has potential for increasing the income and emplo ment in that area. Recognising this, the Central Go ernment in India has passed an act called the National Rural Emplo ment Guarantee Act, 2005. The main objecti es of the NREGA 2005 are : (i) to implement the Right to Work in 200 districts of India. (ii) to guarantee 100 da s of emplo ment in a ear b the go ernment. In case the go ernment fails, it offers unemplo ment allo ance. (iii) to gi e preference to the t pe of ork that ill help increase the production from land. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

21. High per capita income is not the onl attribute to a good qualit life : Mone cannot bu all the essential things required for a good life. Pollution-free atmosphere to ensure good health, protection from infectious diseases, lo ering of mortalit rate, promotion of literac , job securit , good orking conditions etc., are essential for a good standard of li ing and for gro th and de elopment. 22. Effects of the Great Depression on the Indian Econom : (i) In the 19th centur , colonial India had become an e porter of agricultural goods and importer of manufactured goods. This situation continued ell into the 20th centur during the British rule. The depression had an immediate effect on Indian trade. India s e ports and imports hal ed bet een 1928 and 1934. (ii) The prices fell in India as a result of the international price crash. Wheat prices fell b 50 per cent bet een 1928 and 1934. Peasants and farmers suffered due to the fall of prices. Their income lo ered but the colonial go ernment refused to reduce the re enue the collected and this led to their hardships. (iii) Jute producers of Bengal also ere hard hit. With the collapse of gunn bag e port, jute prices crashed. Peasants , ho had borro ed in the hope to increase their production fell deep into debts due to the crash of jute prices b 60 per cent. (i ) Peasants used up their sa ings, mortgaged lands and sold hate er je eller and precious metals the had to meet their e penses. ( ) The depression did not ha e much negati e effect on urban India. To n d elling lando ners, ho recei ed rents, people ith fi ed income or salaried class became better off ith the falling prices of the food grains and other commodities. Industrial in estments ere not much affected as the Go ernment e tended tariff protection to industries. 23. Follo ing are the arguments hich ere gi en in support of the abo e statement : (i) Print popularised the ideas of enlightened thinkers like Voltaire and Rousseau and those ho read these books , started questioning e er thing and de eloped critical and rational thinking. These thinkers attacked the sacred authorit of the Downloaded from www.padhle.in

Church and despotic po er of the State. ere (ii) All e isting alues, norms and institutions, hich ere ne er questioned earlier, re alued through debates and discussions b the public in print. 24. Measures to control land degradation in India are : (i) Soil erosion in hill areas can be checked b construction of terraces for farming and building of dams. (ii) Proper discharge and disposal of industrial astes after treatment can reduce land degradation. (iii) Proper management of gra ing b animals can be sloped to control o ergra ing. (i ) There should be planned management of forests, planting of shelterbelts of plants and more importantl more and more plants can be planted to check soil erosion. (​ ​ T​ here should be control on mining acti ities. 25. On the basis of o nership, there are four t pes of resources : (i) Indi idual resources:Resources, hich are o ned pri atel b indi iduals, e.g., farmers o n pieces of land or houses. Plantation, pasture lands and ater in ells are some resources o ned b indi iduals. (ii) Communit o ned resources : These resources are accessible to all the members of the communit , e.g., illage ponds, public parks and pla grounds in urban areas are accessible to all the residents of that area. (iii) National resources : All the resources ithin the political boundar of a nation including the territorial ater (oceanic area upto 12 nautical miles from the coast) e tending into the ocean and resources therein belong to the nation, e.g., all minerals, forests, ildlife, ater resources, land, etc. (i ) International resources : There are international institutions hich o n and regulate some resources, e.g., the oceanic resources be ond 200 km of the E clusi e Economic Zone belong to the open ocean and no indi idual countr can utilise these ithout the concurrence of international institutions. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

26. Determinants of the outcomes of the politics of social di ision are : (i) Ho people percei e their identities : If people see their identities in e clusi e terms, it becomes difficult to accommodate. As long as people in Northern Ireland sa themsel es as onl Catholic or protestant, their differences ere difficult to reconcile. It is easier if identities are complimentar ith national identit . This helps to sta together. This is ho most people in our countr see their identit . The feel and think as Indian as ell as belonging to a state or a language group or a social or religious group. (ii) Ho political leaders raise demands of an communit : It is easier to accommodate demands that are ithin the constitutional frame ork and are not at the cost of another communit . The demand for onl Sinhala as at the cost of the interest and identit of Tamil communit in Sri Lanka. (iii) Ho the Go ernment reacts to demands of different groups : If the rulers are illing to share po er and accommodate the reasonable demands of the minorit communit , as in Belgium, social di isions become less threatening for the countr . But if the demand is suppressed in the name of national unit , as in Sri Lanka, the end result is quite opposite. Such attempts at forced integration so the seeds of disintegration. 27. Reasons hich ha e contributed to changes in caste s stem ere : (i) Efforts of political leaders and social reformers like Gandhiji, B.R. Ambedkar ho ad ocated and orked to establish a societ in hich caste inequalities are absent. (ii) Socio-economic changes such as : * urbanisation * gro th of literac and education * occupational mobilit * eakening of landlord s position in the illage * breaking do n of caste hierarch (iii) The Constitution of India prohibited an caste- based discrimination and laid the foundations of policies to re erse the injustices of the caste s stem. (i ) Pro ision of fundamental right has pla ed a major role because these rights are pro ided to all citi ens ithout an discrimination. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

28. Before accepting a job man factors need to be considered apart from income as : (i) These include factors such as facilities for families, orking conditions or opportunit to learn. (ii) In another case, a job ma gi e less ages but ma offer regular emplo ment that enhances sense of securit . Another job ho e er, ma offer high ages but no job securit and also lea e no time for famil . (iii) The terms of emplo ment are as per go ernment rules and regulations. (i ) The enterprise also gi es se eral other benefits like paid lea e, pro ident fund, gratuit , etc. ( ) The emplo er also makes pro isions for medical benefits and a safe orking en ironment. A safe and secure en ironment ma allo more omen to take up a ariet of jobs. 29. More income or more material goods do not al a s gi e us a good qualit life. There are other aspects such as equal treatment, freedom, securit , opportunit to learn, good orking conditions, pollution-free atmosphere, job securit and good social life hich are er important for a good qualit life. Mone or material things that one can bu ith it, is one factor on hich our life depends. But qualit of our life also depends on non-material things, for e ample, the role of our friends in our life hich cannot be measured but mean a lot to us. Another e ample, if e get a job in a far off place, before accepting it e ould tr to consider man factors apart from income such as facilities for our famil , orking atmosphere or opportunit to learn. Similarl , for de elopment, people look at a mi of goals. It is true that if omen are engaged in paid ork, their dignit increases. Ho e er, it is also the case that if there is respect for omen there ould be more sharing of house ork and greater acceptance of omen. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

The de elopmental goals that people ha e are not onl about better income but also about other important things in life. 30. Downloaded from www.padhle.in

CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE 2013 Questions - Sec A (1 Ma Eac ) 1. The artisans, industrial orkers and peasants re olted against hich one of the follo ing in 1848? a) Economic Hardship b) Political Instabilit c) Monarch d) Re olutionar War 2. Which one of the follo ing as the main reason to ithdra the Non-cooperation Mo ement? a) Mo ement turning iolent b) Leaders ere tired c) Sat agrahis needed to be trained d) All of the abo e 3. India is referred to as a Super Po er in the orld in hich one of the follo ing non- Con entional sources of energ ? a) Solar Energ b) Wind Po er c) Bio Gas d) Tidal Energ 4. Which one of the follo ing is a public interest group? a) BAMCEF b) Rail a Emplo ees Union of India c) Sarafa Ba ar Union d) Merchant s Union Downloaded from www.padhle.in

5. Which one among the follo ing countries has a t o-part s stem? a) United Kingdom b) China c) Indo-China d) Japan 6. Democracies are different from one another in terms of hich one of the follo ing? a) Culture b) Social situations c) Economic acti ities d) All the abo e 7. Which one of the follo ing is the main source of credit for rich urban households? a) Mone lenders b) Businessmen c) Banks d) Self-help groups 8. Which one of the follo ing as the main aim to form World Trade Organisation ? a) To liberalise international trade b) To promote trade of rich countries c) To promote trade of poor countries d) To promote bilateral trade 9. Hallmark is the certification maintained for standardisation for hich one of the follo ing? a) Je eller b) Electrical goods c) Edible oil d) Refrigeration Downloaded from www.padhle.in