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j Y +ϑΞЁΞΫАζЁϔвΞАϔϱϩ ϱυ T?v Ξϩβ K+ υϱЁ B#bM 4.5 4 CSMA without WuR CSMA with WuR3.5 TDMA without WuR*>Sh1_ j TDMA with WuR End-End delay (seconds) Hybrid without WuR 3 Hybrid with WuR 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 6 012345 Inter-packet arrival time (seconds) 6B;m`2 jXR9, ASh pb 2M/@iQ@2M/ /2Hv3{3,j R8 IRN<3a N0 ,RNjCNnRnc $3,RNc CN i/K Cc a30n,30. CN,a3cCN< j@3 3{3,jCq3j@aRn<@UnjY i@3a3 s3a3 83s LCcc30 3L3a<3N,w 0j ,RLLnNC,jCRNc 8aRL @C<@UaCRaCjw NR03c 0naCN< j@3 3uU3aCL3Nj s@C,@ Cc NRj 3N,Rna<30 CN B#bMY ?w$aC0 ,,3cc L3,@NCcL sCj@ sG3AnU a0CR @c NR Cccn3c CN 03Iw N0 @c $3jAj3a 03Iw U3a8RaLN,3 j@N +bK N0 i/K sCj@Rnj LCccCN< Nw 3L3a<3N,w 0j8aRL @C<@ UaCRaCjw NR03c N0 NR ,RIICcCRNcY BN j3aLc R8 03Iw. i/K @c  @C<@3aU3a8RaLN,3 $nj 0n3 jR j@3 ICLCjjCRN CN @N0ICN< @C<@ UaCRaCjw 0j. j@3 @w$aC0 ,A,3cc L3,@NCcL sCj@ sG3AnU a0CR @c  IRs3a 03Iw c c@RsN CN 7C<na3 kYS:Y.miv +v+H2 M/ TQr2` +QMbmKTiBQM /njw ,w,I3 Cc j@3 UaRURajCRNI 0najCRN 8Ras@C,@ j@3 a0CR Cc jnaN30 RN 8Ra nc38nI 0j ,RLLnNC,jCRNY i@3 URs3a ,RNcnLUAjCRN ,N $3 Ua30C,j30 ncCN< j@3 0njw ,w,I3 N0 j@3 qIn3c R8 ,naa3Nj N0 qRIj<3 R8j@3 a0CR @a0sa3 ,,Ra0CN< jR j@3 0j c@33j R8 j@3 a0CR @a0sa3 nc30Y i@3 0njw ,w,I3 R8 j@3 LCN a0CR Cc a30n,30 $w CNjaR0n,CN< j@3 sG3AnU a0CR.s@C,@ 03j3,jc j@3 sG3AnU U,G3j N0 IIRsc j@3 LCN a0CR jR jnaN RN 8aRL 033UcI33U cjj3Y i@Cc LG3c j@3 LCN a0CR jR a3LCN jnaN30 R{ 8Ra  IRN<3a U3aCR0 R8jCL3 sCj@Rnj IRcCN< Nw nc38nI 0j 8aRL $3CN< jaNcLCjj30 Ra a3,3Cq30Y H3j CM0 $3 j@3 0njw ,w,I3 R8 j@3 LCN a0CR sCj@Rnj sG3AnU a0CR. CM1 j@3 0njw,w,I3 R8 j@3 LCN a0CR sCj@ sG3AnU a0CR. N0 CW j@3 0njw ,w,I3 R8 j@3 sG3AnUa0CRY BN Ra03a jR a3Ij3 j@3 URs3a ,RNcnLUjCRN sCj@ j@3 0njw ,w,I3c. I3j P0 $3 j@3URs3a ,RNcnL30 8Ra sCa3I3cc ,RLLnNC,jCRN sCj@Rnj sG3AnU a0CR N0 P1 j@3URs3a ,RNcnL30 8Ra sCa3I3cc ,RLLnNC,jCRN sCj@ sG3AnU a0CRYek

kY:Y +ϑΞЁΞΫАζЁϔвΞАϔϱϩ ϱυ K+ υϱЁ B#bM bCLCIaIw. I3j PMRN $3 j@3 URs3a ,RNcnLUjCRN R8 j@3 LCN a0CR s@3N jnaN30 RN.N0 PMR{ j@3 URs3a ,RNcnLUjCRN R8 j@3 LCN a0CR s@3N jnaN30 R{Y r3 j@3N @q3 P0 = CM0 · PMRn + (1 − CM0 ) · PMR{ UjX3V P1 = CM1 · PMRN + (1 − CM1 ) · PMR{ + UjXNV CW · PWRN + (1 − CW ) · PWR{i@Cc URs3a ,I,nIjCRN Cc jR c@Rs j@j j@3 IRN<3a j@3 cI33U LR03. j@3 c@Raj3a j@3 0njw,w,I3 N0 @3N,3 j@3 IRs3a j@3 URs3a ,RNcnLUjCRNY i@3 URs3a ,RNcnL30 $w j@3 LCNa0CR Cc @C<@3a j@N j@j R8 j@3 sG3AnU a0CRY ?3N,3 8Ra  cwcj3L sCj@Rnj sG3AnUa0CR jR $3 URs3a 3|,C3Nj. P1 < P0 @c jR $3 ,@C3q30Y UUIwCN< j@3 ,RN0CjCRN jR2\njCRNc UjX3V N0 UjXNV. s3 R$jCNDuty-cycle (%)CM1<CM0−CW · PWRN + (1 − CW ) · PMR{ UjXRyV PMRN − PMR{ *>Sh1_ j7aRL 2\njCRN UjXRyV. s3 R$c3aq3 j@j j@3 0njw ,w,I3 R8 j@3 LCN a0CR sCj@ sG3AnU a0CR Cc Iswc IRs3a j@N j@3 0njw ,w,I3 R8 j@3 LCN a0CR sCj@Rnj sG3AnUa0CR. ,RNcC03aCN< V$w 03cC<NW j@j j@3 URs3a ,RNcnLUjCRN R8 j@3 LCN a0CR Cc Ln,@@C<@3a j@N j@j R8 j@3 sG3AnU a0CRY100 CSMA without WuR90 CSMA with WuR TDMA without WuR80 TDMA with WuR Hybrid without WuR70 Hybrid with WuR6050403020 0 10 20 30 40 50 Inter-packet arrival time (seconds) 6B;m`2 jXR8, ASh pb /miv +v+H2 i@3 0njw ,w,I3 R8 +bK sCj@Rnj sG3AnU a0CR Cc @C<@3cj LRN< Rj@3a ,,3ccL3,@NCcLc CN0C,jCN< @C<@3a URs3a ,RNcnLUjCRN 0n3 jR $,GAR{ N0 @C<@3a NnLA ej

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9 Y #ϔϱAϔϩЅϿϔЁζβ KζβϔЛϨ ΫΫζЅЅ +ϱϩАЁϱϣ υϱЁ B#bM :YkYS bΫϑζϨζЅ ϱυ ?+K+ ?+K+ nc3c j@a33 LCN c,@3L3c. NL3Iw. VCW \nICjjCq3 jCL3AcIRj IIR,jCRN. VCCW LAU3aCR0 CNj3aI3qCN<. N0 VCCCW 0UjCq3 a3Iw 3cj$ICc@L3Nj jR 8nN,jCRN aR$ncj <CNcj `7 c@0RsCN< ,nc30 $w j@3 @nLN ,jCqCjC3c Caa3cU3,jCq3 R8 j@3Ca 0wNLC,A Cjw N0 NRNAU3aCR0C,CjwY BN s@j 8RIIRsc s3 3I$Raj3 RN 3,@ R8 j@3c3 j@a33 c,@3L3cY Buffer RSSI and Calculate PDR Periodic activity detected ? Yes No (Indicates idle posture) Qualitative time M-periodic slot allocation interleaving*>Sh1_ 9 No Adaptive Yes PDR below relay threshold ? establishment 6B;m`2 9Xe, >*J* b+?2K2b @ 6HQr+?`i UBVX ZmHBiiBp2 iBK2@bHQib HHQ+iBQM c c@RsN CN 7C<na3 :YlV0W N0 7C<na3 :YlV3W. j@3 U3aCR0C, ,jCqCjC3c U3a8RaL30 $w @nLN $3CN<c @q3 cn|,C3Nj jCL3 U3aCR0c R8 8qRa$I3 ICNG \nICjwY QN j@3 #M+ NR03. `bbB qIn3c R8 j@3 #M NR03c a3 $n{3a30 8Ra Tn jCL3 U3aCR0 CN  $n{3a R8 nbuf . 8j3a 3,@ cnU3aA8aL3 U3aCR0 nY c cRRN c j@3 $n{3a Cc 8nII. j@3 #M+ NR03 ,I,nIj3c j@3 L3N N0 qaCN,3 R8 j@3 `bbB qIn3c. s@C,@ a3 nNC\n3 8Ra 3,@ U3aCR0C, ,jCqCjwY q3a<3 U3aCR0C,Cjw R8 3,@ ,jCqCjw Cc ,IC$aj30 8Ra  cU3,C~, U3acRN N0 Ua3A cjRa30 RN j@3 #M+Y i@3 #M+ 0Ujc j@3 jCL3AcIRj IIR,j30 jR j@3 #M NR03 cn,@ j@j j@3 NR03 jaNcLCjc RNIw s@3N 8qRa$I3 `bbB Cc c3Nc30Y #w 0RCN< cR. 3q3N C8 j@3 `bbB qIn3 Cc IRs3a30 0RsN Rq3a jCL3 $3,nc3 j@3 U3acRN LRq3c CN 0C{3a3Nj 3NqCaRNL3Njc s@CI3 U3a8RaLCN< 0C{3a3Nj ,jCqCjC3c. j@3 cC<NI jR NRCc3 ajCR sCII cjCII $3 @C<@ s@3N j@3 ICNG $3js33N j@3 #M N0 j@3 #M+ NR03c Cc NRj c@0Rs30 $w j@3 @nLN $R0wY bn,@ @C<@ cC<NI jR NRCc3 ajCR sCII a3cnIj CN  <RR0 T/`Y de