In ∆le ADP In ∆le PCB y Length of the rod 1.2 m cos θ = adj sinθ = opp A 0.9 hyp hyp D x1 θ P (x1, y1) cos θ = x1 sinθ = y1 y1 y1 0.3 0.9 0.3 (0,0) x1 C θ B x We know that cos2θ + sin2θ = 1 x12 + ( y1)2 = 1 (0.9)2 (0.3)2 ∴ The locus of P(x1, y1) is an ellipse. x2 + y2 = 1 (0.9)2 (0.3)2 a2 = (0.9)2 b2 = (0.3)2 Eccentricity = a2 − b2 a2 = (0.9)2 − (0.3)2 = 0.81− 0.09 = 0.72 = 72 = 8 (0.9)2 0.81 0.81 81 9 e=2 2 3 43. (a) Show that the line x – y + 4 = 0 is a tangent to the ellipse x2 + 3y2 = 12. Also find the coordinates of the point of contact. Ans. The given ellipse is x2 + 3y2 = 12 (÷ by 12) ⇒ x2 + y2 = 1 12 4 (ie.,) Here a2 = 12 and b2 = 4 The given line is x – y + 4 = 0 (ie.,) y = x + 4 Comparing this line with y = mx + c We get m = 1 and c = 4 The condition for the line y = mx + c To be a tangent to the ellipse x2 + y2 =1 is c2 = a2m2 + b2 a2 b2 LHS = c2 = 42 = 16 RHS: a2m2 + b2 = 12(1)2 + 4 = 16 Sample Paper-1 E-15
LHS = RHS ⇒ The given line is a tangent to the ellipse. Also the point of contact is −a2 m , b2 = − 12(1) , 4 (ie.,) (– 3, 1) [OR] c c 4 4 (b) Using vector method, prove that cos(α – β) = cos α cos β + sin α sinβ. Ans. • Take two points A and B on the unit circle with centre as origin 'o'. so OA = OB = 1 • AOx = α; BO x = β ⇒ AOB =α–β y j • Let i and j be the unit vectors along the x, y respectively. A (cosα, sinα) • The co-ordinates of A and B be (cos α, sin α) and (cos β, sin β)respectively. α B(cosβ, sinβ) O A = OL +LA O β x i LM ···OOOOOABAAA ===== cosαi +sin αj + OB OM + MB ⇒ OB = cosβi sinβ j So, OB sin β OB cosα cosβ + sin α ...(1) But OB OA cos(α + β) ...(2) cos (α + β) From (1) and (2), we get cos(α + β) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β 44. (a) A farmer plans to fence a rectangular pasture adjacent to a river. The pasture must contain 1,80,000 sq. mtrs in order to provide enough grass for herds. No fencing is needed along the river. What is the length of the minimum needed fencing material? Ans. Given Area = 180000 sq m Let length be x and breadth be y Now xy = 180000 ⇒ y = 180000 ....(1) x Now perimeter = 2x + y (one side is along the river) Now p = 2x + 180000 from (1) x dp = 2– 180000 dx x2 d2p = – 180000 −2 = 360000 = +ve dx2 x3 x3 dp = 0 ⇒ 2 = 180000 dx x2 E-16 x2 = 90000 x = 90000 = 300 m Mathematics–XII
at x = 300 m, p is positive ⇒ x = 300 is a minimum point when x = 300 m, y= 180000 = 600 m So minimum perimeter = 2x + y 300 = 2(300) + 600 = 1200 m [OR] (b) A rod of length 1.2m moves with its ends always touching the coordinates axes. The locus of a point P on the rod, which is 0.3 m from the end in contact with x-axis is an ellipse. Find the eccentricity. Ans. From the diagram, (i) ∆le OAB be a right angle triangle. (ii) APDAaPnPDdBCPBC are corresponding angles. so corresponding angles are equal. In ∆le ADP In ∆le PCB y Length of the rod 1.2 m cos θ = adj sinθ = opp A hyp hyp 0.9 cos θ = x1 sinθ = y1 x1 θ P (x1, y1) 0.9 0.3 D We know that y1 y1 0.3 (0,0) cos2θ + sin2θ = 1 θ x x12 + ( y1)2 = 1 x1 C B (0.9)2 (0.3)2 ∴ The locus of P(x1, y1) is an ellipse. x2 + y2 = 1 (0.9)2 (0.3)2 a2 = (0.9)2 b2 = (0.3)2 Eccentricity = a2 − b2 a2 = (0.9)2 − (0.3)2 = 0.81− 0.09 = 0.72 = 72 = 8 (0.9)2 0.81 0.81 81 9 e=2 2 3 Sample Paper-1 E-17
45. (a) Find the area of the region bounded between the parabola x2 = y and the curve y = |x|. Ans. Both the curves are symmetrical about y-axis. The curve y = |x| is y = x if x ≥ 0 . − x if x ≤ 0 It intersects the parabola x2 = y at (1, 1) and (–1, 1). The area of the region bounded by the curves is sketched in Fig. It lies in the first quadrant as well as in the second quadrant. By symmetry, the required area is twice the area in the first quadrant. In the first quadrant, the upper curve is y = x,0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and the lower curve is y = x2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. Hence, the required area is given by y ∫ ∫[ ]A = 2 1 2 1 − x 2 dx 0 yU − yL dx = 0 x (1 , 1 ) = 2 x2 − x3 1 ( −1, 1) y= − x y=x (1,0) x 2 3 y=x 2 0 [OR] 1 1 1 1 (−1 ,0) O 2 3 0 3 = 2 − = . (b) Water at temperature 100°C cools in 10 minutes to 80°C in a room temperature of 25°C. Find (i) The temperature of water after 20 minutes (ii) The time when the temperature is 40°C. [loge 11 = –0.3101; loge5 = 1.6094] 5 Ans. Let 'T' be the temperature in time 't' Given d T ∝ (T – 25) dt ⇒ d T = – k (T – 25), k > 0 dt d T = – k dt T− 25 log (T – 25) = – kt + c ....(1) Given when t = 0, T = 100o C ⇒ c = log 75 [ from (1)] (1) ⇒ log (T – 25) = – kt + log 75 log T− 25 = – kt 75 kt = log 75 T− 25 E-18 Mathematics–XII
Again, given t = 10, T = 80 ⇒ 10 k = log 75 55 10 k = log 15 11 ∴k = 1 log 15 = 1 (0.3101) 10 11 10 k = 0.03101 ∴ 0.03101 t = log 75 T− 25 (i) When t = 20, T = ? 0.6202 = log 75 T− 25 75 = e0.6202 = 1.8593 T− 25 T – 25 = 40.38 T = 65.38o C (ii) When T = 48, t = ? ⇒ 0.03101 t = log 75 15 0.03101 t = log 5 0.03101 t = 1.6094 t = 1.6094 = 52 minutes. 0.03101 4 6. (a) Suppose a discrete random variable can only take the values 0, 1, and 2. The probability mass function is defined by f ( x) = x2 + 1, for x = 0,1, 2 k 0 otherwise Find (i) the value of k (ii) cumulative distribution function (iii) P(X ≥ 1) . Ans. Given probability mass function f (x) = x2 + 1, for x = 0,1, 2 k otherwise 0, (i) Value of k : Σ P i = 1 ⇒ f (0) + f (1) + f (2) = 1 i.e., 1 + 2 + 5 =1 k k k 8 =1 ⇒ k=8 k Sample Paper-1 E-19
for x < (ii) Cumulative distribution function: F (x ) = 1 for x≤0 8 for x ≤1 for x≤ 3 8 (iii) P (X ≥ 1) = P (X = 1) + P (X = 2) = 2 + 5 = 7 [OR] 8 8 8 (b) Show that the set {[1], [3], [4], [5], [9]} under multiplication modulo 11 satisfies closure, associative, identity and inverse properties. Ans. G = {[1], [3], [4], [5], [9]} * is defined by multiplication modulo 11. To prove G is an abelian group with respect to *· Since we are given a finite number of elements i.e., since the given set is finite, we can frame the multiplication table called Cayley's table. The Cayley's table is as follows: X11 [1] [3] [4] [5] [9] [1] [1] [3] [4] [5] [9] [3] [3] [9] [1] [4] [5] [4] [4] [1] [5] [9] [3] [5] [5] [4] [9] [3] [1] [9] [9] [5] [3] [1] [4] G1: The elements in the above table are [1], [3], [4], [5] and [9] which are elements of G. ∴ closure axiom is verified. G2 : Consider [3], [4], [5] which are elements of G. ....... (1) {[3] * [4]} * [5] = [1] * [5] = [5] [3] * {[4] * [5]} = [3] * [9] = [5] ....... (2) (1) = (2) ⇒ (a * b) * c = a * (b * c) i.e., associative axiom is verified. G3 : The first row elements are the same as that of the given elements in the same order. i.e., from the table, the identity element is [1] ∈ G. So identity axiom is verified. G4 : [1] * [1] = [1] ⇒ inverse of [1] is [1]. [3] * [4] = [1] ⇒ inverse of [3] is [4] [4] * [3] = [1] ⇒ inverse of [4] is [3] ∈ G [5] * [9] = [1] ⇒ inverse of [5] is [9] [9] * [5] = [1] ⇒ inverse of [9] is [5] ∴ inverse axiom is verified. G5 : From the table * is commutative i.e., the entries equidistant from the leading diagonal on either sides are equal ⇒ a * b = b * a E-20 Mathematics–XII
47. (a) For the ellipse 4x2 + y2 + 24x − 2y + 21 = 0, find the centre, vertices, and the foci. Also prove that the length of latus rectum is 2. y′ Ans. Rearranging the terms, the equation of ellipse is y S 4x2 + 24x + y2 – 2y + 21 = 0 That is, 4(x2 + 6x + 9 – 9) + (y2 −2y + 1 – 1) + 21 = 0 C(−3,1) x′ 4 (x + 3)2 – 36 + (y –1)2 –1 + 21 = 0 Ox S' 4 (x + 3)2 + (y –1)2 = 16 ( x + 3)2 + ( y −1)2 = 1. 4 16 Centre is (–3, 1) a = 4, b = 2, and the major axis is parallel to y -axis c2 = 16 – 4 = 12 c = ± 2 3 Therefore, the foci are (−3, 2 3 +1) and (−3, −2 3 + 1). V ertices are (1, ± 4 + 1). That is the vertices are (1, 5) and (1, –3), and The length of Latus rectum = 2b2 = 2 units. [OR] a a c 2iˆ − ( ) ( ) −2iˆ ˆj 2kˆ, b 3iˆ ˆj 3kˆ, ˆj kˆ (b) If = + 3 − = − + = 5 + find a × b × c and a × b × c . State whether they are equal. Ans. By definition, × = i j k a b −2 3 −2 = 7i − 7k . 3 −1 3 i j k 7 0 −7 = −35i − 21j − 35k a×b c ( )Then, × = ...(1) 2 −5 1 i j k × = 3 −1 3 = 14i + 3j −13k b c 2 −5 1 i j k −2 3 −2 = −33i − 54j − 48k a× b×c ( )Next, = ... (2) 14 3 −13 Therefore, equations (1) and (2) a × b × c ≠ a × b × c ( ) ( ) Sample Paper-1 E-21
4SAMPLE PAPER – Time: 3 Hours (UNSOLVED) Maximum Marks: 90 PART-I I. Choose the correct answer. Answer all the questions. [20 × 1 = 20] 1. If | adj(adj A) | = | A|9 , then the order of the square matrix A is .............. . (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 5 2. If |z1| = 1, |z2| = 2, |z3| = 3 and |9z1z2 + 4z1z3 + z2z3| = 12, then the value of |z1 + z2+ z3| is ............. . (c) 3 (a) 1 (b) 2 (d) 4 1+ 3i 10 is ............... . 3. The value of 1− 3i (a) cis 2π (b) cis 4π (c) – cis 2π (d) – cis 4π 3 3 3 3 ( ) ( ) 4. If cot−1 sin α + tan−1 sin α = u , then cos 2u is equal to .................... (a) tan2 a (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) tan 2a 5. If cot−1 x = 2π for some x ∈ R, the value of tan–1 x is .................... 5 (a) − π (b) π (c) π (d) − π 10 5 10 5 6. The radius of the circle passing through the point (6, 2) two of whose diameter are x + y = 6 and x + 2y = 4 is .............. . (a) 10 (b) 2 5 (c) 6 (d) 4 7. The length of the L.R. of x2 = –4y is ................. . (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 8. Distance from the origin to the plane 3x – 6y + 2z + 7 = 0 is .................... (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 r⋅ 2i − j + 5k ( ) 9. = 7 is ................... . The distance from the origin to the plane (a) 7 (b) 30 (c) 30 (d) 7 30 7 7 30 10. The number given by the Mean value theorem for the function 1 , x [1, 9] is ................... . x (a) 2 (b) 2.5 (c) 3 (d) 3.5 E-60
11. f is a differentiable function defined on an interval I with positive derivative. Then f is ................. . (a) increasing on I (b) decreasing on I (c) strictly increasing on I (d) strictly decreasing on I 12. If we measure the side of a cube to be 4 cm with an error of 0.1 cm, then the error in our calculation of the volume is .................. . (a) 0.4 cu.cm (b) 0.45 cu.cm (c) 2 cu.cm (d) 4.8 cu.cm 13. If u (x, y) = ex2 + y2, then ∂u is equal to .................. . ∂x (a) ex2 + y2 (b) 2xu (c) x2u (d) y2u ∞ ∫14. The value of e−3x x2dx is............. . 0 (a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 2 27 27 27 27 a 15. ∫ f (x)dx is............. . 0 a a a a (a) ∫ f (x − a)dx (b) ∫ f (a − x)dx (c) ∫ f (2a − x)dx (d) ∫ f (x − 2a) x 00 0 0 16. The integrating factor of the differential equation dy + P(x)y = Q (x) is x, then P(x)............. dx (a) x (b) x2 (c) 1 (d) 1 2 x x2 d2y dy 1 3 dx2 dx 17. The order and degree of the differential equation + + x1 4 =0 are respectively ................ . (a) 2, 3 (b) 3,3 (c) 2, 6 (d) 2, 4 18. Which of the following is a discrete random variable? I. The number of cars crossing a particular signal in a day. II. The number of customers in a queue to buy train tickets at a moment. III. The time taken to complete a telephone call. (a) I and II (b) II only (c) III only (d) II and III 19. If p is true and q is false then which of the following is not true? (a) p → q is false (b) p ∨ q is true (c) p ∧ q is false (d) p ↔ q is true 20. The operation * defined by a*b = ab is not a binary operation on .................... . 7 (a) + (b) (c) (c) Sample Paper-4 E-61
PART-II [7 × 2 = 14] II. Answer any seven questions. Question No. 30 is compulsory. 7 6 . 4 21. Using elementary transformations find the inverse of the following matrix 3 22. Given z1 = 4 – 7i and z2 = 5 + 6i find the additive and multiplicative inverse of z1+ z2 and z1– z2. 23. Find the maximum possible number of real roots of the equation. x5 – 6x2 – 4x + 5 = 0. 24. Find the value of sin −1 sin 5π 4 25. Evaluate: lim x2 + 17x + 29 x4 x→∞ ∫ 26. π4 sin3 x Evaluate: 0 cos5 x dx 27. Show that the following expressions is a solution of the corresponding given differential equation. y = 2x2; xy' = 2y 0 x<0 28. For the distribution function given by F(x) = x2 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, find the density function. Also x >1 evaluate P (0.5 < X < 0.75) 1 29. Verify the (i) closure property (ii) associative property for the arithmetic operation + on ze = the set of all even integers. 30. A stone is dropped into a pond causing ripples in the form of concentric circles. The radius r of the outer ripple is increasing at a constant rate at 2 cm per second. When the radius is 5 cm find the rate of changing of the total area of the disturbed water? PART-III [7 × 3 = 21] III. Answer any seven questions. Question No. 40 is compulsory. 31. Show that the points representing the complex numbers 7 + 9i, − 3 + 7i, 3 + 3i form a right angled triangle on the Argand diagram. 32. Find the square roots of – 15 – 8i 33. Find the sum of the squares of the roots of ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e = 0, a ≠ 0 34. Determine whether the points (–2, 1), (0, 0) and (–4, –3) lie outside, on or inside the circle 35. x2 + y2 − 5x + 2y −5 = 0. = 2 . Prove that a × b, b × c, c × a a, b, c 36. Find the intervals of monotonicity and local extrema of the function f (x) = x log x + 3x. E-62 Mathematics–XII
37. Consider the binary operation * defined on the set A = {a,b,c,d} by the following table: * a bcd a a cbd b d abc c c daa d d bac Is it commutative and associative? 38. Four defective oranges are accidentally mixed with sixteen good ones. Two oranges are drawn at random from the mixed lot. If the random variable ‘X’ denotes the number of defective oranges, then find the values of ‘X’ and number of points in its inverse image. 39. Show that ¬ (p ∧ q) ≡ ((¬ p) ∨ (¬ q)). 4 3 1 −2 40. Find the rank of the matrices: −3 −1 −2 4 6 7 −1 2 PART-IV IV. Answer all the questions. [7 × 5 = 35] 41. (a) Form the equation whose roots are the squares of the roots of the cubic equation x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0. [OR] (b) P represents the variable complex number z. Find the locus of P, if Re z + 1 = 1. z + i 42. (a) Find the intervals of concavity and the points of inflection of the function. f (θ) = sin 2θ in (0, π) [OR] (b) Assume that water issuing from the end of a horizontal pipe, 7.5m above the ground, describes a parabolic path. The vertex of the parabolic path is at the end of the pipe. At a position 2.5m below the line of the pipe, the flow of water has curved outward 3m beyond the vertical line through the end of the pipe. How far beyond this vertical line will the water strike the ground? 43. (a) Find the centre, foci, and eccentricity of the hyperbola 11x2 − 25y2 − 44x + 50y − 256 = 0 [OR] (b) Show that the set G of all positive rationals with respect to composition * defined by ab a*b= 3 for all a, b ∈ G satisfies closure, associative, identity and inverse properties. 44. (a) If the curve y2 = x and xy = k are orthogonal, then prove that 8 k2 = 1. [OR] (b) Verify (i) closure property (ii) commutative property (iii) associative property (iv) existence of identity and (v) existence of inverse for the operation +5 on 5 using table corresponding to addition modulo 5 Sample Paper-4 E-63
∫45. (a) π 4 dx [OR] Evaluate: 0 4 + 5cos2 x ( ) (b) If a = i + 2 j + 3k , b = 2i − j + k , c = 3i + 2 j + k and a × b × c = la + mb + nc , find the values of l, m, n. 46. (a) Find the probability mass function and cumulative distribution function of number of girl child in families with 4 children, assuming equal probabilities for boys and girls. [OR] (b) The region enclosed by the circle x2 + y2 = a2 is divided into two segments by the line x = h. Find the area of the smaller segment. 47. (a) A steel plant is capable of producing x tonnes per day of a low-grade steel and y tonnes per day of a high-grade steel, where y = 40 − 5x . If the fixed market price of 10 − x low-grade steel is half that of high-grade steel, then what should be optimal productions in low-grade steel and high-grade steel in order to have maximum receipts. [OR] (b) If F is the constant force generated by the motor of an automobile of mass M, its velocity V is given by M dV = F – kV, where k is a constant. Express V in terms of dt t given that V = 0 when t = 0. E-64 Mathematics–XII
ONE-MARK & TWO-MARK ANSWERS FOR UNSOLVED SAMPLE PAPERS SAMPLE PAPER – 4 1. (b) 4 2. (b) 2 3. (a) cis 2π 4. (c) –1 3 5. (c) π 6. (b) 2 5 10 7. (d) 4 8. (b) 1 9. (a) 7 10. (c) 3 11. (c) strictly increasing on I 30 a 12. (d) 4.8 cu.cm 13. (b) 2xu 14. (d) 2 15. (b) 16. (c) 1 27 19. (d) ∫ f (a − x)dx x 17. (a) 2, 3 18. (a) I and II 0 p ↔ q is true 20. (b) 21. 4 7 Let A = 3 6 4 7 = 1 0 A Now A = IA ⇒ 3 6 0 1 Operating R1 → R1 – R2 1 1 = 1 −1 A 3 6 0 1 Operating R2 → R2 – 3R1 1 1 = 1 −1 A 0 3 −3 4 Operating R2 → 1 R2 1 1 1 −1 3 0 1 = −1 4 / 3 A Operating R1 → R1 – R2 1 1 = 2 −7 / 3 A 0 1 −1 4 / 3 Thus, A–1 = 2 −7 / 3 =1 6 −7 −1 4 / 3 3 −3 4 22. z1 = 4 – 7i, z2 = 5 + 6i z1 + z2 = 4 – 7i + 5 + 6i = 9 – i Additive inverse of z1 + z2 = – (z1 + z2) = – (9 – i) = i – 9 Multiplicative inverse of z1 + z2 = 1 =1 z1 + z2 9−i z1 – z2 = 4 – 7i – (5 + 6i) = 4 – 7i – 5 – 6i = –13i – 1 = –(1 + 13i) Additive inverse of z1 – z2 = – (z1 – z2) = – [– (1 + 13i)] = 1 + 13i 1 = 1 =− 1 Multiplicative inverse of z1 – z2 = z1 − z2 −(1+13i) 1 +13i E-95
23. Let f (x) = x5 – 6x2 – 4x + 5 Check the terms when it changes sign Number of changes = 2 ∴ Maximum number of positive real roots = 2 f (–x) = (– x)5 – 6 (– x)2 – 4 (–x) + 5 = –x5 – 6x2 + 4x + 5 Check the terms when it changes signs. Number of changes = 1 ∴ Maximum number of negative real roots = 1 ∴Total maximum number of real roots = 2 + 1 = 3 24. sin 5π = sin π + π = − sin π = sin − π 4 4 4 4 \\ sin −1 sin 5π = sin −1 sin −π = −π 4 4 4 25. This is an indeterminate of the form ∞ . To evaluate this limit, we apply l’Hôpital Rule. ∞ lim x2 + 17x + 29 = lim 2x + 17 x4 4x3 x→∞ x→∞ = lim 2 =0 12x2 x→∞ 26. ∫ ∫I = π4 sin3 x dx = π4 sin3 x ⋅ 1 x dx 0 cos5 x 0 cos3 x cos2 π4 ∫= tan3 x sec2 x dx 0 Put tan x = t, so that sec2 x dx = dt π π 4 ∫When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = 4 , t= tan = 1 I = −0 =1 . ∴ 1 = t4 1 = 1 4 4 t 3dt 4 0 0 27. y = 2x2 ...(1) Differential equation: xy'= 2y Differentiate with respect to ‘x’ y' y' = 4x ⇒ x = 4 Substitute in (1) y = 2x (x) E-96 Mathematics–XII
y = 2x y ' = xy ' 4 2 On simplifying, 2y = xy' ∴ (1) is solution of the given differential equation. 0 x<0 0 x<0 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, p.d.f = f (x) = F'(x) = 2x 0≤ x≤1 28. F(x) = x 2 1 x >1 0 x > 1 i.e., f (x) = 2x 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 0 elsewhere 0.75 0.75 x2 00..575 ∫ ∫P (0.5 f (x) 2x dx = < X < 0.75) = dx = = 0.5625 – 0.25 = 0.3125 0.5 0.5 29. Consider the set of all even integers e = {2k | k ∈ } = {...,−6,−4,−2, 0, 2, 4, 6, ...}. Let us verify the properties satisfied by + on e . (i) The sum of any two even integers is also an even integer. Because x , y ∈ e ⇒ x = 2m and y = 2n , m, n ∈ . So (x + y) = 2m + 2n = 2(m + n)∈ e . Hence + is a binary operation on e . (ii) Similarly it can be seen that ∀x, y, z ∈ e , (x + y) + z = x + (y + z) . Hence the associative property is true. 30. A = πr2 d A = π(2r) dr dt dt Here r = 5 cm and dr = 2 cm / sec dt d A = π(2) (5) (2) = 20 π sq.cm / sec dt Answers E-97
BIOLOGY QUESTION PAPER DESIGN (Strictly based on Reduced Syllabus for 2022 Board Exams) Bio - Botany Bio - Zoology Types of Questions Marks No. of Total No. of Total Objective type (MCQ) Questions to Marks Questions to Marks be Answered be Answered 18 8 88 Very short answers: (Totally 6 questions 2 4 8 4 8 will be given. Any four should be answered.) Short answers: (Totally 5 questions will be given. Any three 3 3 9 3 9 should be answered. In this, one question is compulsory.) Essay type 5 2 10 2 10 35 35 Total Theory Marks 70 Practical Marks 20 10 Internal Assessment 100 Total Marks Weightage of Marks S.No. Purpose Weightage 30% 1. Knowledge 2. Understanding 40% 3. Application 20% 4. Skill/Creativity 10% F-1
1SAMPLE PAPER – Maximum Marks: 70 Time: 2 ½ Hours (SOLVED) Maximum Marks: 35 Bio-Botany [8×1 = 8] PART - I Choose the correct answer. [Answers are in Bold] 1. In majority of plants, pollen is liberated at ................ . (a) 1 celled stage (b) 2 celled stage (c) 3 celled stage (d) 4 celled stage 2. Which one of the following is an example for polygenic inheritance? (a) Flower color in Mirabilis jalapa (b) Pod shape in garden pea (c) Production of male honey bee (d) Skin color in humans 3. Assertion (A): Complete linkage is noticed in male species of Drosophila. Reason (R): Completely linked genes show some crossing over. (a) A is true, R is false (b) Both A and R are false (c) A is true, R is not correct explanation of A (d) R explains A 4. Virus free germ plants are developed from .............. . (a) Organ culture (b) Meristem culture (c) Protoplast culture (d) Cell suspension culture 5. The unit of measuring ozone thickness is ..................... . (a) Joule (b) Kilos (c) Dobson (d) Watt 6. If 1200 Joules of solar energy is trapped by producers, how much of joules of energy does the organism in the third tropic level will receive? (a) 120 joules (b) 12 joules (c) 1.2 joules (d) 0.12 joules 7. Assertion (A): Hybrids show increased growth and elevated yield. Reason (R): F1 hybrids show Heterosis. (a) Both A and R are true. R explains A (b) A is true R is false (c) A is false R is true (d) Both A and R are false 8. Which is not a green house gas? (c) O3 (d) CFC (a) CO2 (b) N2O PART - II [4 × 2 = 8] Answer any four of the following questions. 9. Give the phenotypic ratio of (a) Dihybrid cross (b) Dihybrid test cross (a) Dihybrid cross ratio = 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 (b) Dihybrid test cross ratio = 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 10. What are the materials used to grow microorganism like Spirulina? Spirulina can be grown easily on materials like waste water from potato processing plants (containing starch), straw, molasses, animal manure and even sewage, to produce large quantities. F-3
11. Compare Redifferentiation with Dedifferentiation. Redifferentiation Dedifferentiation A process by which an already differentiated Aprocess of reversion of cells (differentiated cell undergo further differentiation to form cells) to meristematic cells leading to another type of cell. formation of callus. 12. Loamy soil is ideal for crop cultivation - Justify. Loamy soil is ideal soil for cultivation, since it consists of 70% sand and 30% clay or silt or both. It ensures good retention and proper drainage of water. The porosity of soil provides adequate aeration and allows the penetration of roots. 13. How EIA is beneficial to a society? The benefits of EIA to society • A healthier environment • Maintenance of biodiversity • Decreased resource usage • Reduction in gas emission and environment damage 14. Differentiate between albuminous seed and ex-albuminous seed. Albuminous Seed Ex-albuminous Seed The seeds with endosperm are called The seeds without endosperm are called albuminous seed of endospermous seeds. ex-albuminous seeds or non-endospermous E.g: Coconut seeds. E.g: Beans PART - III Answer any three questions in which question number 19 is compulsory. [3 × 3 = 9] 15. List out the objectives of plant breeding. • To increase yield, vigour and fertility of the crop. • To increase tolerance to environmental condition, salinity, temperature and drought. • To prevent the premature falling of buds and fruits, etc. • To improve synchronous maturity. • To develop resistance to pathogens and pests. • To develop photosensitive and thermos-sensitive varieties. 16. Spindle shaped pyramid of number is noticed in forest ecosystem. Give Reasons. In a forest ecosystem the pyramid of number is spindle in shape, it is because the base (T1) of the pyramid occupies large sized trees (Producer) which are lesser in number. Herbivores (T2) (Fruit eating birds, elephant and deer) occupying second trophic level, are more in number than the producers. In final trophic level (T4), tertiary consumers (lion) are lesser in number than the secondary consumer (T3) (fox and snake). 17. Distinguish between mound layering and air layering. Mound Layering Air Layering In mound layering, lower flexible branch with In air layering, the stem is girdled at nodal leaves is bent to ground and a part of the stem is part and hormones are applied and covered buried in the soil and the tip of branch is exposed with moist soil using polythene sheet. Roots above the soil. After the roots emerge from the emerge in these branches after 2-4 months. buried stem, a cut is made in parent plant so that Such branches are removed from parent plant the buried plant grows into a new plant. and grown separately. F-4 Biology – XII
18. Give a short note on incomplete linkage. If two linked genes are sufficiently apart, the chances of their separation are possible. As a result, parental and non-parental combinations are observed. The linked genes exhibit some crossing over. This phenomenon is called incomplete linkage. This was observed in maize. It was reported by Hutchinson. 19. Write the protocol for artificial seed preparation. Development of callus through PTC ↓ Induction of somatic embryogenesis ↓ Maturation of embryoids ↓ Encapsulation of embryoids using agrose + sodium alginate ↓ Artificial seeds / synthetic seeds Later these seeds are grown in vitro medium and converted into plantlets. These plantlets require a hardening period (either green house or hardening chamber) and then shifted to normal environment condition. Answer all the questions. PART - IV [2 × 5 = 10] 20. (a) Draw a flow chart depicting the various types of ploidy. Types of Ploidy Ploidy Aneuploidy Euploidy Hyperploidy Hypoploidy Trisomy Double Tetrasomy Double Pentasomy Monosomy Double Nullisomy Double (2n+1) Trisomy (2n+2) Tetrasomy (2n+3) (2n-1) Monosomy (2n-2) Nullisomy (2n+1+1) (2n+2+2) (2n-2-2) (2n-1-1) Haploidy (n) Diploidy (2n) Polyploidy (2n+n+n...) Monoploidy (x) Autopolyploidy Allopolyploidy Autotriploid Autotetraploid [OR] Sample Paper - 1 F-5
(b) Mention the application of biotechnology. • Biotechnology is one of the most important applied interdisciplinary sciences of the 21st century. It is the trusted area that enables us to find the beneficial way of life. • Biotechnology has wide applications in various sectors like agriculture, medicine, environment and commercial industries. • This science has an invaluable outcome like transgenic varieties of plants e.g. transgenic cotton (Bt-cotton), rice, tomato, tobacco, cauliflower, potato and banana. • The development of transgenics as pesticide resistant, stress resistant and disease resistant varieties of agricultural crops is the immense outcome of biotechnology. • The synthesis of human insulin and blood protein in E.coli and utilized for insulin deficiency disorder in human is a breakthrough in biotech industries in medicine. • The synthesis of vaccines, enzymes, antibiotics, dairy products and beverages are the products of biotech industries. • Biochip based biological computer is one of the successes of biotechnology. • Genetic engineering involves genetic manipulation, tissue culture involves aseptic cultivation of totipotent plant cell into plant clones under controlled atmospheric conditions. • Single cell protein from Spirulina is utilized in food industries. • Production of secondary metabolites, biofertilizers, biopesticides and enzymes. • Biomass energy, biofuel, bioremediation and phytoremediation for environmental biotechnology. 2 1 (a) Differentiate Primary succession and Secondary succession. Primary succession Secondary succession Developing in an barren area. Developing in disturbed area. Initiated due to a biological or any other Starts due to external factors only. external factors. No soil, while primary succession starts It starts where soil covers is already present. Pioneer species come from outside environment. Pioneer species develop from existing environment. It takes more time to complete. It takes comparatively less time to complete. [OR] (b) Enumerate the characters of anemophilous flowers Anemophilous plants have the following characteristic features: • The flowers are produced in pendulous, catkin-like or spike inflorescence. • The axis of inflorescence elongates so that the flowers are brought well above the leaves. • The perianth is absent or highly reduced. • The flowers are small, inconspicuous, colourless, not scented, do not secrete nectar. • The stamens are numerous, filaments are long, exerted and versatile. • Anthers produce enormous quantities of pollen grains compared to number of ovules available for pollination. They are minute, light and dry so that they can be carried to long distances by wind. • In some plants anthers burst violently and release the pollen into the air. Example: Urtica. • Stigmas are comparatively large, protruding, sometimes branched and feathery, adapted to catch the pollen grains. Generally single ovule is present. • Plant produces flowers before the new leaves appear, so the pollen can be carried without hindrance of leaves. F-6 Biology – XII
Bio-Zoology Maximum Marks: 35 PART - I Choose the correct answer. [Answers are in Bold] [8 × 1 = 8] 1. Which of the following statement is/are not correct? (i) Interstitial cells are seen surrounding the seminiferous tubule. (ii) Nurse cells secrete inhibin. (iii) Males have single prostate gland which encircles the urethra. (iv) Insemination, Fertilization, Implantation, Placentation and Parturition. (a) i and ii (b) iii only (c) iii and iv (d) iv only 2. Which of the following mRNA yields 6 aminoacids after translation? (a) UCU UAU AGU CGA UGC AGU UGA AAA UUU (b) UGA AGA UAG GAG CAU CCC UAC UAU GAU (c) GUC UGC UGG GCU GAU UAA AGG AGC AUU (d) AUG UAC CAU UGC UGA UGC AGG AGC CCG 3. Match column I with column II Column I Column II A) Copper releasing IUD (i) LNG-20 B) Hormone releasing (ii) Lippers’s loop IUD C) Nonmedicated IUD (iii) Saheli D) Minipills (iv) Multiload-375 (a) A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iii) (b) A-(iv), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(ii) (c) A-(i), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(iii) (d) A-(iv), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iii) 4. Assertion (A): Interferons are used to treat herpes zoster. Reason (R): Interferons are antiviral protein. (a) R explains A. (b) Both A and R are incorrect. (c) A is correct. R is incorrect. (d) A and R are correct. R does not explains A. 5. The first clinical gene therapy was done for the treatment of .................... . (a) AIDS (b) Cancer (c) Cystic fibrosis (d) SCID 6. Which of the following is correct for r-selected species? (a) large number of progeny with small size (b) large number of progeny with large size (c) small number of progeny with small size (d) small number of progeny with large size 7. Select the correct linear equation describing the species area relationship? (a) log C = log S + Z log A (b) Z log A = log S + log C (c) log S = log C + Z log A (d) log C = log S ± Z log C Sample Paper - 1 F-7
8. Oil strains in laundry can be removed using............................ . (a) Peptidane (b) Protease (c) Amylase (d) Lipase PART - II [4 × 2 = 8] Answer any four of the following questions. 9. What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animals. Development of an egg into a complete individual without fertilization is known as parthenogenesis. It was first discovered by Charles Bonnet in 1745. E.g. Honey bees, Aphis. 10. Mention the production site and action site of following hormones. (a) GnRH (b) Relaxin Hormone Production Site Action Site GnRH Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Relaxin Placenta Pelvic joints and cervix 11. Differentiate foeticide and infanticide. Female foeticide refers to ‘aborting the female in the mother’s womb’. Female infanticide is ‘killing the female child after her birth’. 12. State Van’t Hoff’s rule. Van’t Hoff’s rule states that with the increase of every 10°C, the rate of metabolic activity is doubled or the reaction rate is halved with the decrease of 10°C. 13. State the source of statins and its medical role. • Statins is obtained from Monascus purpureus (yeast fungus). • It competitively inhibits the enzyme responsible for cholesterol synthesis there by reducing the blood cholesterol level. 14. Explain biological methods of waste water treatment. Biological methods of Wastewater treatment: 1. Bioremediation of wastewater includes the aerobic treatment (oxidation ponds and aeration lagoons) and anaerobic treatment (anaerobic bioreactors and anaerobic lagoons). 2. Phytoremediation of wastewater includes constructed wetlands, Root Zone Wastewater Treatment (RZWT), and Decentralized Waste Water Treatment System (DEWATS). PART - III Answer any three questions in which question number 19 is compulsory. [3 × 3 = 9] 15. Alien species invasion is a threat to endemic species - substantiate this statement. Exotic species are organisms often introduced unintentionally or deliberately for commercial purpose, as biological control agents and other uses. They often become invasive and drive away the local species and is considered as the second major cause for extinction of species. Tilapia fish (Jilabi kendai) (Oreochromis mosambicus) introduced from east coast of South Africa in 1952 for its high productivity into Kerala’s inland waters, became invasive, due to which the native species such as Puntius dubius and Labeo kontius face local extinction. Amazon sailfin catfish is responsible for destroying the fish population in the wetlands of F-8 Biology – XII
Kolkata. The introduction of the Nile Perch, a predatory fish into Lake Victoria in East Africa led to the extinction of an ecologically unique assemblage of more than 200 nature species of cichlid fish in the lake. 16. Define bio-remediation and its types. The use of naturally occurring or genetically engineered microorganisms to reduce or degrade pollutants is called bioremediation. Bioremediation is less expensive and more sustainable than other remediations available. It is grouped into in-situ bioremediation (treatment of contaminated soil or water in the site) and ex-situ bioremediation (treatment of contaminated soil or water that is removed from the site and treated). 17. Amniocentesis, the foetal sex determination test, is banned in our country. Is it necessary comment? Amniocentesis is a prenatal technique used to detect any chromosomal abnormalities in the foetus and it is being often misused to determine the sex of the foetus. Once the sex of the foetus is known, there may be a chance of female foeticide. Hence, a statutory ban on amniocentesis is imposed. 18. Write the objectives of Human Genome project. The main goals of Human Genome Project are as follows: 1. Identify all the genes (approximately 30000) in human DNA. 2. Determine the sequence of the three billion chemical base pairs that makeup the human DNA 3. To store this information in databases. 4. Improve tools for data analysis. 5. Transfer related technologies to other sectors, such as industries. 6. Address the ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project. 19. Explain the role of cry-genes in genetically modified crops. Bacillus thuringiensis is a soil dwelling bacterium which is commonly used as a biopesticide and contains a toxin called cry toxin. Scientists have introduced this toxin producing genes into cotton and have raised genetically engineered insect resistant cotton plants. During sporulation Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystal proteins called Delta-endotoxin which is encoded by cry genes. Delta-endotoxins have specific activities against the insects of the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. When the insects ingest the toxin crystals their alkaline digestive tract denatures the insoluble crystals making them soluble. The cry toxin then gets inserted into the gut cell membrance and paralyzes the digestive tract. The insect then stops eating and starves to death. Answer all the questions. PART - IV [2 × 5 = 10] 20. (a) Explain how Urey - Miller’s experiment supports the origin of life? Urey and Miller (1953), paved way for understanding the possible synthesis of organic compounds that led to the appearance of living organisms is depicted in the Figure In their experiment, a mixture of gases was allowed to circulate over electric discharge from an tungsten electrode. A small flask was kept boiling and the steam emanating from it was Sample Paper - 1 F-9
made to mix with the mixture of gases (ammonia, methane and hydrogen) in the large chamber that was connected to the boiling water. The steam condensed to form water which ran down the ‘U’ tube. Experiment was conducted continuously for a week and the liquid was analysed. Glycine, alanine, beta alanine and aspartic acid were identified. Thus Miller’s experiments had an insight as to the possibility of abiogenetic synthesis of large amount of variety of organic compounds in nature from a mixture of sample gases in which the only source of carbon was methane. Later in similar experiments, formation of all types of amino acids, and nitrogen bases were noticed. Tungsten electrode Spark discharge Flask Gaseous mixture (CH4 + NH3 + H2 + H2O) Water out Condenser Cold water in Boiling water Aqueous medium containing organic compounds Tap for withdrawing sample Diagrammatic representation of Urey-Miller’s experiment [OR] (b) What are IUD’s? Explain its way of functioning. Also describe their types. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) are inserted by medical experts in the uterus through the vagina. These devices are available as copper releasing IUDs, hormone releasing IUDs and nonmedicated IUDs. IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperm within the uterus. IUDs are the ideal contraceptives for females who want to delay pregnancy. It is one of the popular methods of contraception in India and has a success rate of 95 to 99%. Copper releasing IUDs differ from each other by the amount of copper. Copper IUDs such as Cu T-380 A, Nova T, Cu 7, Cu T 380 Ag, Multiload 375, etc. release free copper and copper salts into the uterus and suppress sperm motility. They can remain in the uterus for five to ten years. F-10 Biology – XII
Hormone-releasing IUDs such as Progestasert and LNG – 20 are often called as intrauterine systems (IUS). They increase the viscosity of the cervical mucus and thereby prevent sperms from entering the cervix. Non-medicated IUDs are made of plastic or stainless steel. Lippes loop is a double S-shaped plastic device. 21. (a) Suggest some of the ways to prevent drug and alcohol abuse. 1. Effectively dealing with peer pressure: The biggest reason for teens to start on drugs is due to their friends / peer groups imposing pressure on them. Hence, it is important to have a better group of friends to avoid such harmful drugs and alcohol. 2. Seeking help from parents and peers: Help from parents and peer group should be sought immediately so that they can be guided appropriately. Help may even be sought from close and trusted friends. Getting proper advice to sort out their problems would help the young to vent their feelings of anxiety and guilt. 3. Education and counselling: Education and counselling create positive attitude to deal with many problems and to accept disappointments in life. 4. Looking for danger signs: Teachers and parents need to look for sign that indicate tendency to go in for addiction. 5. Seeking professional and medical assistance: Assistance is available in the form of highly qualified psychologists, psychiatrists and deaddiction and rehabilitation programmes to help individuals to overcome their problems. [OR] (b) Explain Oparin - Haldane hypothesis on evolution. According to the theory of chemical evolution primitive organisms in the primordial environment of the Earth evolved spontaneously from inorganic substances and physical forces such as lightning, UV radiations, volcanic activities, etc. Oparin (1924) suggested that the organic compounds could have undergone a series of reactions leading to more complex molecules. He proposed that the molecules formed colloidal aggregates or ‘coacervates’ in an aqueous environment. The coacervates were able to absorb and assimilate organic compounds from the environment. Haldane (1929) proposed that the primordial sea served as a vast chemical laboratory powered by solar energy. The atmosphere was oxygen free and the combination of CO2, NH3 and UV radiations gave rise to organic compounds. The sea became a ‘hot’ dilute soup containing large populations of organic monomers and polymers. They envisaged that groups of monomers and polymers acquired lipid membranes and further developed into the first living cell. Haldane coined the term prebiotic soup and this became the powerful symbol of the Oparin-Haldane view on the origin of life (1924-1929). Oparin and Haldane independently suggested that if the primitive atmosphere was reducing and if there was appropriate supply of energy such as lightning or UV light then a wide range of organic compounds can be synthesized. Sample Paper - 1 F-11
Time: 2 ½ Hours 4SAMPLE PAPER – (UNSOLVED) Maximum Marks: 70 Bio-Botany Maximum Marks: 35 [8×1 = 8] PART - I Choose the correct answer. 1. Which of the following represent megagametophyte ........................ . (a) Ovule (b) Embryo sac (c) Nucellus (d) Endosperm 2. In order to find out the different types of gametes produced by a pea plant having the genotype AaBb, it should be crossed to a plant with the genotype ....................... . (a) aaBB (b) AaBB (c) AABB (d) aabb 3. Due to incomplete linkage in maize, the ratio of parental and recombinants are .................. . (a) 50:50 (b) 7:1:1:7 (c) 96.4: 3.6 (d) 1:7:7:1 4. An analysis of chromosomal DNA using the southern hybridisation technique does not require .................. . (a) Electrophoresis (b) Blotting (c) Autoradiography (d) Polymerase Chain Reaction 5. The time duration for sterilization process by using autoclave is ....................... minutes and the temperature is ....................... . (a) 10 to 30 minutes and 125°C (b) 15 to 30 minutes and 121°C (c) 15 to 20 minutes and 125°C (d) 10 to 20 minutes and 121°C 6. A free living nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium which can also form symbiotic association with the water fern Azolla ....................... . (a) Nostoc (b) Anabaena (c) Chlorella (d) Rhizobium 7. Observe the figures and select the correct option indicating the correct type of pyramid of numbers. A BC (a) Grassland ecosystem Forest ecosystem Parasite ecosystem (b) Grassland ecosystem Pond ecosystem Forest ecosystem (c) Forest ecosystem Grassland ecosystem Parasite ecosystem (d) Pond ecosystem Forest ecosystem Grassland ecosystem 8. Assertion (A): Prosopis juliflora is native to Afganisthan. Reason (R): Alien species refers to non-native species. (a) A is correct R is incorrect (b) A is incorrect R is correct (c) R explains A (d) Both A and R are incorrect PART - II [4 × 2 = 8] Answer any four of the following questions. 9. Draw and label the structure of a mature embryo sac of angiosperms. F-30
10. What are Multiple Cloning Site (MCS)? Mention its role in r-DNA technology. 11. Lichen is considered as a good example of obligate mutualism. Explain. 12. Due to lack of rainfall, a pond ecosystem was totally vanished for a particular time period. Later after a heavy rain, it recovers by succession process. Brief out the type of succession that had occurred. 13. What is Dobson unit? 14. Write the binomial of (a) Nilavembu (b) Keezhanelli PART - III Answer any three questions in which question number 19 is compulsory. [3 × 3 = 9] 15. Enumerate the functions of tapetum. 16. When two different genes came from same parent they tend to remain together. (i) What is the name of this phenomenon? (ii) Draw the cross with suitable example. (iii) Write the observed phenotypic ratio. 17. Differentiate between Somaclonal variations and Gametoclonal variation. 18. Pyramid of energy is always upright. Give reasons. 19. What is Heterosis? Answer all the questions. PART - IV [2 × 5 = 10] [OR] 20. (a) Explain the procedure of Southern Blotting Technique. (b) List out the benefits of agroforestry. [OR] 21. (a) What is crossing over? Explain the mechanism of crossing over. (b) Write the significance of plant succession? Bio-Zoology Maximum Marks: 35 [8 × 1 = 8] PART - I Choose the correct answer. 1. Parthenogenesis was discovered by........................... . (a) Charles Bonnet (b) Maurice Wilkins (c) Alec Jeffreys (d) Martha Chase 2. Identify the type of cell which secrets the hormone - Inhibin. (a) Sertoli cells (b) Hepatic cells (c) Peyer’s patch (d) Leydig cells 3. Assertion (A) : IUD’s are inserted inside the ovary. Reason (R) : IUD’s increases phagocytosis of sperms (a) A is correct, R is incorrect (b) A is incorrect, R is correct (c) Both A and R are correct (d) Both A and R are incorrect 4. Three children of a family have blood groups A, AB and B. What could be the genotypes of their parents? (a) IA IB and ii (b) IA IO and IBIO (c) IB IB and IA IA (d) IA IA and ii Sample Paper - 4 F-31
5. When lactose is present in the culture medium: (a) Transcription of lac y, lac z, lac a genes occurs (b) Repressor is unable to bind to the operator (c) Repressor is able to bind to the operator (d) Both (a) and (b) are correct 6. The phenomenon of “ Industrial Melanism” demonstrates .................... . (a) Natural selection (b) induced mutation (c) reproductive isolation (d) geographical isolation 7. The sporozoites of Plasmodium vivax are formed in .................. . (a) Gametocytes (b) Sporoblasts (c) Oocysts (d) Spores 8. Which of the following is not involved in nitrogen fixation? (a) Pseudomonas (b) Anabaena (c) Nostac (d) Azotobacter PART - II [4 × 2 = 8] II. Answer any four of the following questions. 9. Differentiate between Eurytherms and Stenotherm. 10. ‘Stability of a community depends upon its species diversity’ - Justify the statement. 11. The immune system of a person is suppressed,. In ELISA test, the result is positive (i) Name the disease associated with this condition. (ii) Why did he loose his immunity? 12. Differentiate - Template strand and coding strand. 13. Give a short note on uterine wall layers. 14. What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animals. PART - III Answer any three questions in which question number 19 is compulsory. [3 × 3 = 9] 15. Explain the process of replication of retrovirus after it gains entry into the human body. 16. Compare Broad spectrum antibiotics with narrow spectrum antibiotics. 17. How was Insulin obtained before the advent of rDNA technology? What were the problems encountered? 18. Write a note on Sacred Groves. 19. What do you mean by Ecosan Toilets? Answer all the questions. PART - IV [2 × 5 = 10] 20. (a) Color blindness is a perfect example for criss-cross of inheritance – Justify the statement [OR] (b) Give an account of the properties of soil. 21. (a) Categorize the soild waste and their sources. [OR] (b) How primary immune response differ from secondary immune response? F-32 Biology – XII
One-mark & Two-mark Answers for Unsolved Sample Papers Sample Paper-4 community has been destroyed by natural Bio-Botany disturbances is known as Secondary succession. PART - I 13. Dobson Unit is the unit of measurement 1. (b) Embryo sac for total ozone. One DU is the number 2. (d) aabb of molecules of ozone that would be required to create a layer of pure ozone 3. (b) 7:1:1:7 0.01 millimetre thick at a temperature of 4. (a) Electrophoresis 0°C and a pressure of 1 atmosphere. 5. (b) 15 to 30 minutes and 121°C 14. (a) Nilavembu - Andrographis paniculata 6. (b) Anabaena (b) Keezhanelli - Phyllanthus amarus 7. (a) Grassland ecosystem Bio-Zoology Forest ecosystem Parasite ecosystem 8. (b) A is incorrect R is correct PART - I 1. (a) Charles Bonnet PART - II 9. Filiform apparatus 2. (a) Sertoli cells Synergids 3. (b) A is incorrect, R is correct 4. (b) IA IO and IBIO Egg apparatus Egg 5. (d) Both (a) and (b) are correct Polar nucleus 6. (a) Natural selections 7. (c) Oocysts 8. (a) Pseudomonas Antipodal cell PART - II Structure of Embryo sac 9. Eurytherm Stenotherm 10. Most of the cloning vectors used in Organism that can Organism that r-DNA technology have more than one tolerate wide range can tolerate restriction site. These are called Multiple of temperature. narrow range of Cloning Site (MCS). They facilitate the E.g: Human beings. temperature. use of restriction enzyme of choice. E.g: Fishes. 11. Lichen is a mutual association of an alga 10. Species diversity leads to a stable community and a fungus, where the algal partner because an area with more species diversity nourishes and provides shelter to fungi, always lead to higher productivity thus inturn fungi confers protection from maintains a stable community. bacterial infections and also maintains moisture for algal growth. 11. • AIDS caused by Human Immuno Virus. • In AIDS, the pathogen destroys the 12. The development of a plant community in an area where an already developed T-lymphocytes which forms the major immune resource of our body. F-52
12. Template Strand Coding Strand During replication, During replication, DNA strand having DNA strand having the polarity 3’ → 5’ the polarity 5’ → 3’ act as template strand. act as coding strand. 13. The wall of the uterus has three layers of tissues. The outermost thin membranous serous layer called the perimetrium, the middle thick muscular layer called myometrium and the inner glandular layer called endometrium. The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle while myometrium exhibits strong contractions during parturition. 14. Development of an egg into a complete individual without fertilization is known as parthenogenesis. It was first discovered by Charles Bonnet in 1745. E.g. Honey bees, Aphis. Answers F-53
COMPUTER SCIENCE QUESTION PAPER DESIGN (Strictly based on Reduced Syllabus for 2022 Board Exams) Types of Questions Marks No. of Questions to be Total Marks answered Multiple Choice Questions 1 15 15 Very short answers: 2 6 12 (Totally 9 questions will 3 6 18 be given. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.) Short answers: (Totally 9 questions will be given. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.) Essay type 55 25 Total 70 Practical Marks 20 Internal Assessment 10 100 Total Marks S.No. Weightage of Marks Weightage 1. 30% 2. Purpose 40% 3. Knowledge 20% 4. Understanding 10% Application Skill/Creativity G-1
1SAMPLE PAPER – Maximum Marks: 70 Time: 3 Hours (SOLVED) PART - I A ll questions are compulsory. [15 × 1 = 15] Choose the most appropriate answer from the given four alternatives and write the option code with the corresponding answer. [Answers are in Bold] 1. The data type whose representation is unknown are called ............... . (a) Built in datatype (b) Derived datatype (c) Concrete datatype (d) Abstract datatype 2. The kind of scope of the variable ‘a’ used in the pseudo code given below (i) Disp(): (ii) a: = 7 (iii) print a (iv) Disp() (a) Local (b) Global (c) Enclosed (d) Built-in 3. From the following sorting algorithms which algorithm needs the minimum number of swaps? (a) Bubble sort (b) Quick sort (c) Merge sort (d) Selection sort 4. Extension of Python files is ................. . (a) .Pyt (b) .txt (c) .Pdm (d) .Py 5. The output of the Segment for i in range (10, 0, 2) print (i) (a) 10 8 6 4 2 0 (b) 10 8 6 4 2 (c) 0 2 4 6 8 10 (d) Error 6. What is stride? (b) first argument of slice operation (d) third argument of slice operation (a) index value of slide operation (c) second argument of slice operation 7. The positive and negative index value of 'P' in the string Str1 = 'COMPUTER' are ............. . (a) 3, –4 (b) 4, –4 (c) 3, –5 (d) 4, –5 8. Which of the following set operation includes all the elements that are in two sets but not the one that are common to two sets? (a) Symmetric difference (b) Difference (c) Intersection (d) Union 9. A variable prefixed with double underscore is ............. . (a) private (b) public (c) protected (d) static 10. A table is known as ........................ . (a) tuple (b) attribute (c) relation (d) entity 11. The SQL command to make a database as current active database is ..................... . (a) CURRENT (b) USE (c) DATABASE (d) NEW 12. The expansion of CRLF is .................... . (a) Control Return and Line Feed (b) Carriage Return and Form Feed (c) Control Router and Line Feed (d) Carriage Return and Line Feed G-3
13. The function call statement of the segment if_name_ == '__main__': main(sys.argv[1:]) is (a) main(sys.argv[1:]) (b) __name__ (d) argv (c) __main__ 14. The most commonly used statement in SQL is ........................... . (a) cursor (b) select (c) execute (d) commit 15. To make a bar chart with Matplotlib, which function should be used? (a) plt.bar() (b) plt.chart() (c) pip.bar() (d) pip.chart() PART - II [6×2 = 12] A nswer any six questions. Question No. 21 is compulsory. 16. What do you mean by Namespaces? Namespaces are containers for mapping names of variables to objects. 17. What is searching? Write its types. A search algorithm is the step-by-step procedure used to locate specific data among a collection of data. Types of searching algorithms are: • Linear search • Binary search • Hash search • Binary Tree search 18. Define Operator and Operand. In computer programming languages operators are special symbols which represent computations, conditional matching etc. The value of an operator used is called operands. Operators are categorized as Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment etc. Value and variables when used with operator are known as operands. 19. What are the types of looping supported by Python? Python provides two types of looping constructs: • while loop In the 'while loop', the condition is any valid Boolean expression returning True or False. The else part of while is optional part of while. • for loop 'for loop' is the most comfortable loop. It is also an entry check loop. The condition is checked in the beginning and the body of the loop(statements-block 1) is executed if it is only True otherwise the loop is not executed. 20. What is the use of the operator += in python string operation? Adding more strings at the end of an existing string is known as append (+=). The operator += is used to append a new string with an existing string. Example: >>> str1=\"Welcome to \" G-4 Computer Science – XII
>>> str1+=\"Learn Python\" >>> print (str1) Welcome to Learn Python 21. What will be the output of the following snippet? alpha = list(range(65,70)) for x in alpha: print(chr(x), end='\\t') Output: A B C D E 22. Which method is used to fetch all rows from the database table? Displaying all records using fetchall() The fetchall() method is used to fetch all rows from the database table result = cursor.fetchall() 23. What are the steps involved in file operation of Python? When you want to read from or write to a file ,you need to open it. Once the reading is over it needs to be closed. So that, resources that are tied with the file are freed. Hence, in Python, a file operation takes place in the following order Step 1 Open a file Step 2 Perform Read or write operation Step 3 Close the file 24. Distinguish compiler and interpreter. Compiler Interpreter 1. It converts the whole program at a time line by line execution of the source code 2. It is faster It is slow 3. Error detection is difficult. e.g., C++ It is easy. e.g., Python PART - III [6×3 = 18] Answer any six questions. Question No. 29 is compulsory. 25. Define Local scope with an example. Local Scope: Local scope refers to variables defined in current function. Always, a function will first look up for a variable name in its local scope. Only if it does not find it there, the outer scopes are checked. Look at this example 1. Disp(): Entire program Output of the Program 2. a:=7 7 3. print a 4. Disp() Disp(): a:=7 print a Disp( ) Sample Paper - 1 G-5
On execution of the above code the variable a displays the value 7, because it is defined and available in the local scope. 26. Identify Which of the following are constructors and selectors? (a) N1=number() - constructors (b) accetnum(n1) - selectors (c) displaynum(n1) - selectors (d) eval(a/b) - selectors (e) x,y= makeslope(m), makeslope(n) - constructors (f) display() - selectors 27. Which jump statement is used as placeholder? Why? pass statement is generally used as a placeholder. When we have a loop or function that is to be implemented in the future and not now, we cannot develop such functions or loops with empty body segment because the interpreter would raise an error. So, to avoid this we can use pass statement to construct a body that does nothing. 28. What are the points to be noted while defining a function? • Function blocks begin with the keyword “def ” followed by function name and parenthesis (). • Any input parameters or arguments should be placed within these parentheses when you define a function. • The code block always comes after a colon (:) and is indented. • The statement “return [expression]” exits a function, optionally passing back an expression to the caller. A “return” with no arguments is the same as return None. 29. Write a Python program to display the given pattern COMPUTER COMPUTE CO M P U T COMPU COMP COM CO C Program: str1 = \"COMPUTER\" index = len(str1) for i in str1: print(str1[: index]) index – = 1 30. What is the output of the following program? class Greeting: def_init_(self, name): self._name = name def display( self): print(\"Good Morning \", self._name) G-6 Computer Science – XII
obj=Greeting('Tamil Nadu') obj.display() Output : Tamil Nadu Good Morning 31. What is a constraint? Write short note on Primary key constraint. Constraints are used to limit the type of data that can go into a table. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data in the database. Constraints could be either on a column level or a table level. Primary Key Constraint This constraint declares a field as a Primary key which helps to uniquely identify a record. It is similar to unique constraint except that only one field of a table can be set as primary key. The primary key does not allow NULL values and therefore a field declared as primary key must have the NOT NULL constraint. Example showing Primary Key Constraint in the student table: CREATE TABLE Student ( Admno integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, → Primary Key constraint Name char(20)NOT NULL, Gender char(1), Age integer, Place char(10), ); 32. Write a short note on (i) fetchall( ) (ii) fetchone( ) (iii) fetchmany cursor.fetchall() -fetchall ()method is to fetch all rows from the database table cursor.fetchone() - The fetchone () method returns the next row of a query result set or None in case there is no row left. cursor.fetchmany() method that returns the next number of rows (n) of the result set 33. Write a Python code to display the following chart. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2345678 Import matplotlib.pyplot as plt x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 ] y = [1, 2.5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7 ] plt.plot([1,2,3,4]) plt.show() Sample Paper - 1 G-7
PART - IV Answer all the following questions. [5 × 5 = 25] 3 4(a) Explain the types of scopes for variable or LEGB rule with example. LEGB rule Scope also defines the order in which variables have to be mapped to the object in order to obtain the value. Let us take a simple example as shown below: 1. x:= 'outer x variable' 2. display(): 3. x:= 'inner x variable' 4. print x 5. display() When the above statements are executed the statement (4) and (5) display the result as Output outer x variable inner x variable Above statements give different outputs because the same variable name x resides in different scopes, one inside the function display() and the other in the upper level. The value 'outer x variable' is printed when x is referenced outside the function definition. Whereas when display() gets executed, ‘inner x variable’ is printed which is the x value inside the function definition. From the above example, we can guess that there is a rule followed, in order to decide from which scope a variable has to be picked. The LEGB rule is used to decide the order in which the scopes are to be searched for scope resolution. The scopes are listed below in terms of hierarchy (highest to lowest). Local(L) Defined inside function/class Enclosed(E) Defined inside enclosing functions (Nested function concept) Global(G) Defined at the uppermost level Built-in (B) Reserved names in built-in functions (modules) G-8 Computer Science – XII
Types of Variable Scope There are 4 types of Variable Scope, let’s discuss them one by one: Local Scope Local scope refers to variables defined in current function. Always, a function will first look up for a variable name in its local scope. Only if it does not find it there, the outer scopes are checked. Look at this example 1. Disp(): Entire program Output of the Program 2. a:=7 7 3. print a 4. Disp() Disp(): a:=7 print a Disp( ) On execution of the above code the variable a displays the value 7, because it is defined and available in the local scope. Global Scope A variable which is declared outside of all the functions in a program is known as global variable. This means, global variable can be accessed inside or outside of all the functions in a program. Consider the following example 1. a:=10 Entire program Output of the Program 2. Disp(): a:=10 7 3. a:=7 10 4. print a Disp() a:=7 print a 5. Disp() Disp 1 ( ): 6. print a print a On execution of the above code the variable a which is defined inside the function displays the value 7 for the function call Disp() and then it displays 10, because a is defined in global scope. Enclosed Scope All programming languages permit functions to be nested. A function (method) with in another function is called nested function. A variable which is declared inside a function which contains another function definition with in it, the inner function can also access the variable of the outer function. This scope is called enclosed scope. When a compiler or interpreter search for a variable in a program, it first search Local, and then search Enclosing scopes. Consider the following example Sample Paper - 1 G-9
1. Disp(): Entire program Output of the Program 2. a:=10 10 3. Disp1(): Disp ( ) 10 4. print a a:=10 5. Disp1() 6. print a Disp 1(): 7. Disp() print a Disp 1 ( ): print a Disp ( ) In the above example Disp1() is defined with in Disp(). The variable 'a' defined in Disp() can be even used by Disp1() because it is also a member of Disp. Built-in Scope Finally, we discuss about the widest scope. The built-in scope has all the names that are pre-loaded into the program scope when we start the compiler or interpreter. Any variable or module which is defined in the library functions of a programming language has Built-in or module scope. They are loaded as soon as the library files are imported to the program. Entire program Library files associated with Built in/module scope the software Disp ( ) Disp 1(): print a Disp 1 ( ): print a Disp ( ) Normally only Functions or modules come along with the software, as packages. Therefore they will come under Built in scope. [OR] (b) Explain input() and print() functions of Python with example. Input() function: In Python, input( ) function is used to accept data as input at run time. The syntax for input() function is, Variable = input (“prompt string”) G-10 Computer Science – XII
Where, prompt string in the syntax is a statement or message to the user, to know what input can be given. If a prompt string is used, it is displayed on the monitor; the user can provide expected data from the input device. The input( ) takes whatever is typed from the keyboard and stores the entered data in the given variable. If prompt string is not given in input( ) no message is displayed on the screen, thus, the user will not know what is to be typed as input. Example 1: input( ) with prompt string Example 2: input( ) without prompt string >>> city=input (“Enter Your City: ”) >>> city=input() Enter Your City: Madurai Rajarajan >>> print (“I am from “, city) >>> print (I am from\", city) I am from Madurai I am from Rajarajan The print() function: In Python, the print() function is used to display result on the screen. The syntax for print() is as follows: Example: print (“string to be displayed as output ” ) print (variable ) print (“String to be displayed as output ”, variable) print (“String1 ”, variable, “String 2”, variable, “String 3” ……) Example: >>> print (“Welcome to Python Programming”) Welcome to Python Programming >>> x = 5 >>> y = 6 >>> z = x + y >>> print (z) 11 >>> print (“The sum = ”, z) The sum = 11 >>> print (“The sum of ”, x, “ and ”, y, “ is ”, z) The sum of 5 and 6 is 11 The print ( ) evaluates the expression before printing it on the monitor. The print () displays an entire statement which is specified within print ( ). Comma ( , ) is used as a separator in print ( ) to print more than one item. 3 5(a) Write a detail note on for loop in Python. for loop for loop is the most comfortable loop. It is also an entry check loop. The condition is checked in the beginning and the body of the loop(statements-block 1) is executed if it is only True otherwise the loop is not executed. Syntax: for counter_variable in sequence: statements block 1 Sample Paper - 1 G-11
# optional block [else: statements block2] The counter_variable mentioned in the syntax is similar to the control variable that we used in the for loop of C++ and the sequence refers to the initial, final and increment value. Usually in Python, for loop uses the range() function in the sequence to specify the initial, final and increment values. range() generates a list of values starting from start till stop-1. The syntax of range() is as follows: range (start,stop,[step]) Where, start – refers to the initial value stop – refers to the final value step – refers to increment value, this is optional part. Examples for range() range (1,30,1) will start the range of values from 1 and end at 29 range (2,30,2) will start the range of values from 2 and end at 28 range (30,3,-3) will start the range of values from 30 and end at 6 range (20) will consider this value 20 as the end value(or upper limit) and starts the range count from 0 to 19 (remember always range() will work till stop –1 value only) for each item in sequence Last item Yes reached? No Body of for Exit loop #program to illustrate the use of for loop - to print single digit even number for i in range (2,10,2): print (i, end=' ') Output: 2 4 6 8 (OR) (b) Explain the different types of functions in Python with example. Types of Functions Basically, we can divide functions into the following types: (i) User-defined Functions (ii) Lambda Functions G-12 Computer Science – XII
Functions Description User-defined functions Functions defined by the users themselves. Lambda functions Functions that are anonymous un-named function. (i) Syntax for User defined function def <function_name ([parameter1, parameter2…] )> : <Block of Statements> return <expression / None> Example: def hello(): print (“hello - Python”) return Advantages of User-defined Functions (i) Functions help us to divide a program into modules. This makes the code easier to manage. (ii) It implements code reuse. Every time you need to execute a sequence of statements, all you need to do is to call the function. (iii) F unctions, allows us to change functionality easily, and different programmers can work on different functions. (ii) Anonymous Functions In Python, anonymous function is a function that is defined without a name. While normal functions are defined using the def keyword, in Python anonymous functions are defined using the lambda keyword. Hence, anonymous functions are also called as lambda functions. The use of lambda or anonymous function: • Lambda function is mostly used for creating small and one-time anonymous function. • Lambda functions are mainly used in combination with the functions like filter(), map() and reduce(). Syntax of Anonymous Functions The syntax for anonymous functions is as follows: lambda [argument(s)] :expression Example: sum = lambda arg1, arg2: arg1 + arg2 print ('The Sum is :', sum(30,40)) print ('The Sum is :', sum(-30,40)) Output: The Sum is : 70 The Sum is : 10 The above lambda function that adds argument arg1 with argument arg2 and stores the result in the variable sum. The result is displayed using the print(). Output: 1 120 Sample Paper - 1 G-13
36(a) Explain about string operators in python with suitable example. String Operators Python provides the following operators for string operations. These operators are useful to manipulate string. (i) Concatenation (+) Joining of two or more strings is called as Concatenation. The plus (+) operator is used to concatenate strings in python. Example >>> \"welcome\" + \"Python\" 'welcomePython' (ii) Append (+ =) Adding more strings at the end of an existing string is known as append. The operator += is used to append a new string with an existing string. Example >>> str1=\"Welcome to \" >>> str1+=\"Learn Python\" >>> print (str1) Welcome to Learn Python (iii) Repeating (*) The multiplication operator (*) is used to display a string in multiple number of times. Example >>> str1=\"Welcome \" >>> print (str1*4) Welcome Welcome Welcome Welcome (iv) String slicing Slice is a substring of a main string. A substring can be taken from the original string by using [ ] operator and index or subscript values. Thus, [ ] is also known as slicing operator. Using slice operator, you have to slice one or more substrings from a main string. General format of slice operation: str[start:end] Where start is the beginning index and end is the last index value of a character in the string. Python takes the end value less than one from the actual index specified. For example, if you want to slice first 4 characters from a string, you have to specify it as 0 to 5. Because, python consider only the end value as n–1. Example (i): slice a single character from a string >>> str1=\"THIRUKKURAL\" >>> print (str1[0]) T (v) Stride when slicing string When the slicing operation, you can specify a third argument as the stride, which refers G-14 Computer Science – XII
to the number of characters to move forward after the first character is retrieved from the string. The default value of stride is 1. Example >>> str1 = \"Welcome to learn Python\" >>> print (str1[10:16]) learn Note: Remember that, python takes the last value as n–1 You can also use negative value as stride (third argument). If you specify a negative value, it prints in reverse order. Example >>> str1 = \"Welcome to learn Python\" >>> print(str1[::–2]) nhy re teolW [OR] (b) Compare remove(), pop() and clear() function in Python. The remove( ) function can also be used to delete one or more elements if the index value is not known. Apart from remove( ) function, pop( ) function can also be used to delete an element using the given index value. pop( ) function deletes and returns the last element of a list if the index is not given. The function clear( ) is used to delete all the elements in list, it deletes only the elements and retains the list. Remember that, the del statement deletes entire list. Syntax: List.remove(element) # to delete a particular element List.pop(index of an element) List.clear( ) Example: >>> MyList=[12,89,34,'Kannan', 'Gowrisankar', 'Lenin'] >>> print(MyList) [12, 89, 34, 'Kannan', 'Gowrisankar', 'Lenin'] >>> MyList.remove(89) >>> print(MyList) [12, 34, 'Kannan', 'Gowrisankar', 'Lenin'] In the above example, MyList has been created with three integer and three string elements, the following print statement shows all the elements available in the list. In the statement >>> MyList.remove(89), deletes the element 89 from the list and the print statement shows the remaining elements. Example: >>> MyList.pop(1) 34 >>> print(MyList) [12, 'Kannan', 'Gowrisankar', 'Lenin'] Sample Paper - 1 G-15
In the above code, pop( ) function is used to delete a particular element using its index value, as soon as the element is deleted, the pop( ) function shows the element which is deleted. pop( ) function is used to delete only one element from a list. Remember that, del statement deletes multiple elements. Example: >>> MyList.clear( ) >>> print(MyList) [] In the above code, clear( ) function removes only the elements and retains the list. When you try to print the list which is already cleared, an empty square bracket is displayed without any elements, which means the list is empty. 37(a) Explain the components of DBMS. Components of DBMS The Database Management System can be divided into Hardware five major components as follows: So ware (i) Hardware (ii) Software (iii) Data (iv) Procedures/Methods (v) Database Access Languages (i) Hardware: The computer, hard disk, I/O channels Data Base DATA Procedures for data, and any other physical component involved Access / Methods in storage of data Languages (ii) Software: This main component is a program USER that controls everything. The DBMS software is Components of DBMS capable of understanding the Database Access Languages and interprets into database commands for execution. (iii) D ata: It is that resource for which DBMS is designed. DBMS creation is to store and utilize data. (iv) P rocedures/Methods: They are general instructions to use a database management system such as installation of DBMS, manage databases to take backups, report generation, etc. (v) D ataBase Access Languages: They are the languages used to write commands to access, insert, update and delete data stored in any database. [OR] G-16 Computer Science – XII
(b) What are the components of SOL? Write the commands in each. Components of SQL SQL commands are divided into five categories: DML - Data Manipulation Language DDL - Data De nition Language DCL - Data Control Language TCL - Transaction Control Language DQL - Data Query Language (a) Data Definition Language The Data Definition Language (DDL) consist of SQL statements used to define the database structure or schema. It simply deals with descriptions of the database schema and is used to create and modify the structure of database objects in databases. SQL commands which comes under Data Definition Language are: Create To create tables in the database. Alter Alters the structure of the database. Drop Delete tables from database. Truncate Remove all records from a table, also release the space occupied by those records. (b) Data Manipulation Language A Data Manipulation Language (DML) is a computer programming language used for adding (inserting), removing (deleting), and modifying (updating) data in a database. SQL commands which comes under Data Manipulation Language are : Insert Inserts data into a table Update Updates the existing data within a table. Delete Deletes all records from a table, but not the space occupied by them. (c) Data Control Language: A Data Control Language (DCL) is used for controlling privileges in the database SQL commands: GRANT, REVOKE (d) Transactional Control Language; Transactional control language (TCL) is used to manage transactions i.e. changes made to the data in the database. SQL commands: COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT. (e) Data Query Language The Data Query Language (DQL) have commands to query or retrieve data from the database. SQL commands: SELECT. Sample Paper - 1 G-17
3 8(a) Construct the following SQL statements in the student table- (i) SELECT statement using GROUP BY clause. (ii) SELECT statement using ORDER BY clause. (i) GROUP BY clause The GROUP BY clause is used with the SELECT statement to group the students on rows or columns having identical values or divide the table into groups. For example to know the number of male students or female students of a class, the GROUP BY clause may be used. It is mostly used in conjunction with aggregate functions to produce summary reports from the database. The syntax for the GROUP BY clause is SELECT <column-names> FROM <table-name> GROUP BY <column-name>HAVING condition]; To apply the above command on the student table : SELECT Gender FROM Student GROUP BY Gender; The following command will give the below given result: Gender M F SELECT Gender, count(*) FROM Student GROUP BY Gender; Gender count(*) M 5 F 3 (ii) ORDER BY clause The ORDER BY clause in SQL is used to sort the data in either ascending or descending based on one or more columns. 1. By default ORDER BY sorts the data in ascending order. 2. W e can use the keyword DESC to sort the data in descending order and the keyword ASC to sort in ascending order. The ORDER BY clause is used as : SELECT <column-name>[,<column-name>,….] FROM <table-name>ORDER BY <column1>,<column2>,…ASC| DESC ; For example : To display the students in alphabetical order of their names, the command is used as SELECT * FROM Student ORDER BY Name; G-18 Computer Science – XII
The above student table is arranged as follows : Admno Name Gender Age Place 104 Abinandh M 18 Chennai 101 M 18 102 Adarsh M 17 Delhi 100 Akshith M 17 Bangalore 103 Ashish M 18 Chennai 106 Ayush F 19 107 Devika F 17 Delhi 108 Hema F 19 Bangalore Revathi Chennai Chennai [OR] (b) Draw the output for the following data visualization plot. import matplotlib.pyplot as plt plt.bar([1,3,5,7,9],[5,2,7,8,2], label=\"Example one\") plt.bar([2,4,6,8,10],[8,6,2,5,6], label=\"Example two\", color='g') plt.legend() plt.xlabel('bar number') plt.ylabel('bar height') plt.title('Epic Graph\\nAnother Line! Whoa') plt.show() BAR HEIGHT EPIC GRAPH ANOTHER LINE ! WHOA Example 1 8 Example 2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 BAR NUMBER Sample Paper - 1 G-19
Time: 3 Hours 4SAMPLE PAPER – Maximum Marks: 70 (UNSOLVED) PART - I Choose the correct answer. Answer all the questions: [15 × 1 = 15] 1. Which of the following functions that build the abstract data type? (a) Constructors (b) Destructors (c) recursive (d) Nested 2. Containers for mapping names of variables to objects is called ..................... . (a) Scope (b) Mapping (c) Binding (d) Namespaces 3. Which of the following is not a stable sorting algorithm? (a) Insertion sort (b) Selection sort (c) Bubble sort (d) Merge sort 4. This symbol is used to print more than one item on a single line. (a) Semicolon(;) (b) Dollor($) (c) comma(,) (d) Colon(:) 5. Branching statements are otherwise called as ................... . (a) alternative (b) Iterative (c) loop (d) sequential 6. ........... functions are anonymous un-named functions. (a) User defined (b) Built-in (c) Lambda (d) Recursive 7. The code block always comes after ................ . (a) ; (b) + (c) = (d) : 8. Which of the following is not Logical operator? (a) and (b) or (c) not (d) Assignment 9. Which operator is used to join two tuples? (a) – (b) _ (c) + (d) +: 10. A table is otherwise called as ............... . (a) tuple (b) relation (c) attribute (d) degree 11. What is the acronym of DBMS? (a) DataBase Management Symbol (b) Database Managing System (c) DataBase Management System (d) DataBasic Management System 12. The latest SQL was released in ............... . (a) 1987 (b) 1992 (c) 2008 (d) 2012 13. How many ways are there to read the CSV files? (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4 14. CSV files cannot be opened with .................. . (a) notepad (b) MS Excel (c) Open office (d) html 15. getopt mode is given by ............ . (a) ; (b) = (c) # (d) : PART - II [6×2 = 12] Answer any six questions. Question No. 21 is compulsory. 16. List the characteristics of an algorithm. 17. What are the escape sequences for Backslash, Newline, Tab, Single quotes. 18. What happens when we modify global variable inside the function? G-51
19. Name the different types of functions. 20. What is String? 21. Write a program to create a list of numbers in the range 1 to 20. Then delete all the numbers from the list that are divisible by 3. 22. What is List in Python? 23. What is data consistency? 24. Define database. PART - III A nswer any six questions. Question No. 29 is compulsory. [6×3 = 18] 25. Define constructors and selectors functions. 26. What is searching? Write its types. 27. Write note on delimiters. 28. Write note on Nested loop structure. 29. Write a program to display the sum of natural numbers upto n. 30. Write a short note about sort( ). 31. Explain the commands which comes under TCL. 32. Differentiate Python from C++. 33. Give the Pseudo code for Bubble sort algorithm. PART - IV [5 × 5 = 25] A nswer all the questions. 3 4(a) Explain the rules to be followed to format data in a CSV file. [OR] (b) Write a program to add a prefix text to all the lines in a string. 3 5(a) Explain the purpose of range with an example. [OR] (b) Consider the following employee table. Write SQL commands for the qtns.(i) to (v). EMP CODE NAME DESIG PAY ALLOWANCE Supervisor 29000 12000 S1001 Hariharan P1002 Shaji Operator 10000 5500 P1003 Prasad Operator 12000 6500 C1004 Manjima Clerk 8000 4500 M1005 Ratheesh Mechanic 20000 7000 36(a) Explain various set operations. [OR] (b) Write a program that accept a string from the user and display the same after removing vowels from it. 37(a) Write a program to display all records using fetchall(). [OR] (b) Write a C++ program using user defined function to find cube of a number. 38(a) Explain reverse Indexing in list using python program. [OR] (b) Explain sort function in list with examples. G-52 Computer Science – XII
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