Super 20 for Class 12 Tamil Nadu Board 2022 Commerce Stream

12 Tamil Nadu SAMPLE PAPERS Combined Book for COMMERCE STREAM *jĜ *English *Commerce *Economics *Accountancy *Business Mathematics & Statistics *Computer Applications FULL MARKS PVT LTD (Progressive Educational Publishers) CHENNAI - 600 017

jÄœ Édh¤jhŸ totik¥ò (2022 - bghJ¤ nj®îfS¡fhd Fiw¡f¥g£l ghl¤â£l«) ÉilaË¡f¥ Édh¡fË‹ tif kâ¥bg© glnt©oa bkh¤j xU kâ¥bg© Édh¡fŸ Édh¡fË‹ kâ¥bg©fŸ v©Â¡if 1 14 14 FW Édh¡fŸ 2 12 24 áW Édh¡fŸ 47 28 beL Édh¡fŸ (c£ãÇîfSl‹) 6 3 18 - 6 kd¥ghl¥ gFâ 4+2=6 bkh¤j« 90 cŸ kâ¥ÕL 10 bkh¤j kâ¥bg© 100 f‰wÈ‹ neh¡f§fS¡fhd kâ¥bg© xJ¡ÑL t.v©. neh¡f« kâ¥bg© ÉG¡fhL 1. m¿ªJbfhŸSjš 30% 2. òǪJbfhŸSjš 40% 3. ga‹gL¤Jjš 20% 4. âwdiljš / gil¥gh‰wš 10% A-5

1khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ - neu«: 3.00 k (ÉilfSl‹) kâ¥bg©fŸ: 90 gFâ - I mid¤J Édh¡fS¡F« Éil jUf. [14 × 1 = 14] (ÉilfŸ jo¤j vG¤âš ju¥g£LŸsd) 1. á‰ã ghyR¥ãukÂa¤â‹ ‘ïsªjÄnH’ ghlš ïl« bg‰w üš ................ . (m) kÞdÉ (M) Ãyî¥ ó (ï) fh›aj®r‹ (<) JiwKf« 2. “T©ljid cil¤bjGªj - nghy¢ Ó¿ th” vd¤ jÄiH miH¡»wh® á‰ã .............. . (m) á§f« (M) òÈ (ï) fuo (<) ahid 3. khjÉ bg‰w g£l« ................ . (m) eh£oa¥ ngbuhË (M) e®¤j» (<) eh£oakôÇ (ï) jiy¡nfhÈ 4. khWg£l ïu©L ïiz»w nghJ ..................... òy¥gL»wJ. (m) òJ mHF (M) giHa mHF (ï) fÉij (<) brŒíŸ 5. mf¤âiz k‰W« òw¤âizfis totik¤j üš .............. MF«. (m) r§f ïy¡»a« (M) g¡â ïy¡»a« (ï) fh¥ãa ïy¡»a« (<) X¥Õ£L ïy¡»a« 6. ïuhkȧf mofŸ ïa‰¿a üš ................ . (<) âUkªâu« (m) âUtU£gh (M) âUthrf« (ï) âU¡FwŸ 7. ‘fhŒbeš’ - ï¢brhšY¡fhd ïy¡fz¡ F¿¥ò ................ . (m) c«ik¤bjhif (M) g©ò¤bjhif (ï) Éid¤bjhif (<) ctik¤bjhif 8. “Ä‹nd® jÅahÊ bt§fâbuh‹W VidaJ j‹nd® ïyhj jÄœ !” - ï›tofËš gÆ‹W tªJŸs bjhilea« (m) monkhid, movJif (M) Ó®nkhid, Ó®vJif (ï) movJif, Ó®nkhid (<) Ó®vJif, monkhid 9. ãiHa‰w bjhliu¡ f©l¿f. (m) br‹idÆÈUªJ ne‰W tªjh‹ (M) nfhty‹ kJiu¡F¢ br‹wJ (ï) gwitfŸ beškÂfis ntfkhf¡ bfh¤â¤ â‹wJ (<) Fâiuí« ahidí« ntfkhf XoaJ 10. Rujh el¤âa fÉij ïjœ ................ . (m) É©Û‹ (M) ïy¡»a« (ï) fhÉa« (<) C®ty« 11. ‘cÇik¤jhf«’ - fijÆš tU« _¡f«khË‹ fztÇ‹ bga® ................... . (m) c¤jk nrhH‹ (M) K¤ija‹ (ï) btŸis¢rhÄ (<) kUj‹ A-7

12. mU§fhd« - òz®¢á Éâ jUf. (M) <Wnghjš (m) <Wnghjš, j‹ x‰W ïu£lš (<) <Wnghjš, K‹Å‹w bkŒâÇjš (ï) <Wnghjš, ïdÄfš 13. brhšYjiy mo¥gilahf¡ bfh©L njh‹¿a ghtif ................ MF«. (m) MáÇa¥gh (M) bt©gh (ï) tŠá¥gh (<) fÈ¥gh 14. Kj‰Ó® kh¢Ó® v‹whš tU« ÓÇ‹ Kjš mir ............... Mf ïU¡f nt©L«. (m) ne® (M) Ãiu (ï) TÉs« (<) fUÉs« gFâ - II ãÇî - 1 vitnaD« _‹wD¡F Éil jUf. [3 × 2 = 6] 15. tWikí« áWikí« jUtJ vJ? mjid Éy¡» thH tÈíW¤J« üš vJ? xUtU¡F J‹g§fis mâf msÉš cUth¡» mtuJ òfœ bflî« fhuzkhf ïU¥gJ NJ MF«. Nâid Éy¡» RfKl‹ thH tÈíW¤J« üš âU¡FwŸ MF«. 16. kiHÆ}nl btÆš tU« ntis fh£L»w mH»id vGJf. • khWg£l ïu©L ïiz»wnghJ òJ mHF òy¥gL»wJ. gfY« ïuî« rªâ¡F« mªâ mHF. • fiuí« flY« nrU« Xu« mHF. kiHÆ}nl btÆš tU«ntis fh£L»wJ mHFfŸ gh®¡f¤ âf£lhjit. • ÚÇš eidªJ btÆÈš fhí« efu¤âš gsgs¡F« ku¡»isfŸ brh£L« Ú®¤JËfS« btÆš f©L k»œªj gwitfË‹ ïir¥ò« beŠáš jlkhŒ tÊ»‹wd. btÆš f©L k»œªjhY« Û©L« kiH¡fhf beŠr« V§f¤jh‹ brŒ»wJ. 17. ïuhkȧf tŸsyh® vGâa ciueil üšfis vGJf. • kDKiw f©l thrf« • étfhU©a xG¡f« 18. taY¡FŸ ahidia¤ jŤJ ÉLtjhš V‰gL« Éisî ahJ? ahid jŤJ¢ br‹W taÈš òFªJ c©QkhÆ‹ mj‹ thÆš òFªj bešiyÉl mj‹ fhšfshš Äâg£L mʪj bešÈ‹ msî mâfkhF«. ãÇî - 2 vitnaD« ïu©lD¡F Éil jUf. [2 × 2 = 4] 19. ò¡»š, j‹kid - áW F¿¥ò tiuf. • kUj¤âiz¥ ghlš x‹¿š kfË® `j«kid’, `E«kid’ vd kidÉÆ‹ ïšy¤ijí« fztÅ‹ ïšy¤ijí« ãǤJ¥ ngR« ngh¡»id¡ fhz Ko»wJ. • ï‹D« áy ïl§fËš j‰fhÈf¤ j§FÄl« `ò¡»š’ vdî«, âUkz¤â‰F¥ã‹ fztD« kidÉí« bg‰nwhÇlÄUªJ ãǪJ, jÅahf thGÄl« j‹kid vdî« tH§f¥bg‰WŸsd. 20. vâ®ghuhj Ãfœîfis #yhY¤Ô‹ %Ä v›thW cUtf¥gL¤J»wh®? • tu¡Toa mid¤J ãu¢ridfisí« tunt‰W ÉUªnjh«gš brŒa nt©L«. A-8 jÄœ-12

• J¡f§fŸ xU T£lkhf tªJ J¥òuthf btWik¥gL¤J« nghJ«, mitfisbašyh« eh« vâ®bfhŸS« nghJ mit c‹id¤ öáj£o, jah®gL¤â, c‹id gyÄ¡ftdhf kh‰W«. • t¡»u«, mtkhd«, tŠrid ït‰iwbašyh« thÆY¡nf br‹W ï‹Kf¤njhL tunt‰nghnkahdhš všyh ãu¢ridfisí« vâ®bfhŸS« tÈikí« tÊfh£LjY« »il¡F«. 21. `jUkÄF br‹idÆš fªj nfh£l¤JŸts® jynkh§F fªjntns’ - bjhlU¡F¥ gjîiu vGJf. mw« brŒth® ÃiwªâU¡F« br‹idÆš fªj nfh£l¤âš cŸs, m¤js¤ij¢ áw¥ã¡F« ïiwt‹ fªjntns v‹gJ ï›toÆš bghUŸ. jUÄF - mw« brŒí« (m) mUŸ brŒí« jynkh§F - m¤jy¤ij¢ áw¥ã¡F« ãÇî - 3 vitnaD« VHD¡F Éil jUf. [7 × 2 = 14] 22. ng¢R tH¡if vG¤J tH¡fhf kh‰Wf. (m) ï¥g vd¡F¥ òÇŠR ngh¢R, Úí« òÇŠá¡nfh. (M) ñ£lh©l btisah©l bfhaªijia m¥gh v§f ïÞJ»D nghdhU? (m) ï¥bghGJ vd¡F¥ òǪJÉ£lJ. Úí« òǪJbfhŸ. (M) å£o‹ mU»š Éisahoa FHªijia m¥gh v§nf T£o¡ bfh©L nghdh®fŸ. 23. Ñœ¡fhQ« brhšYUòfis¥ ãǤJ«, nr®¤J« ïUntW bjhl®fis mik¡f. (m) K‹ (M) jhnd mt‹ K‹tªJ T¿dh‹ K‹ mt‹K‹ tªJ T¿dh‹ xU ehŸ m¥ò jhnd go¤jh‹ jhnd xU ehŸjhnd m¥ò go¤jh‹ 24. bghUŸ ntWghl¿ªJ bjhl® mik¡f. â‹ik - â©ik ïuhtz‹ Óijia ftU«nghJ â‹ikahfî« (Ôik) â©ikíilatdhfî« (tÈik) ïUªjh‹. 25. bjhlÇš cŸs kuò¥ ãiHfis Ú¡» vGJf. (m) gidk£ilÆš Tiu it¤âUªjd®. gid Xiyahš Tiu ntŒªâUªjd®. (M) tdÉy§F¡ fh¥gf¤âš á§f¡ F£oí« ahid¡ F£ofisí« f©nl‹. tdÉy§F thÊl¤âš á§f¡ FUisí« ahid¡f‹Wfisí« f©nl‹. khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A- 9

26. ctik¤ bjhl®fis¢ brh‰bwhlÇš mik¤âLf. (m) m¢rh ïšyhj nj® nghy ïuhk‹ fh£L¡F¢ br‹wij m¿ªj ehL m¢rh ïšyhj nj®nghš MdJ. (M) efK« rijí« nghy ešy e©g®fŸ efK« rijí« nghy ïizãÇahJ ïU¥g®. 27. tšÈd bkŒfis ï£L« Ú¡»í« vGJf. (m) e« thœifÆ‹ ju« ekJ ftd¤â‹ ju¤ij bghW¤âU¡»wJ. e« thœ¡ifÆ‹ ju« ekJ ftd¤â‹ ju¤ij¥ bghW¤âU¡»wJ. (M) ò¤jf« go¡F« bghGJ T®ªj¡ ftd« m¿it bgWtj‰F« ts®¥gj‰Fkhd mo¥gil njitahF«. ò¤jf« go¡F« bghGJ T®ªj ftd« m¿it¥ bgWtj‰F« ts®¥gj‰Fkhd mo¥gil¤ njitahF« 28. VnjD« x‹wD¡F¥ gFgj cW¥ãy¡fz« jUf. (m) mk®ªjd‹ mk®ªjd‹ = mk® + ¤(ª) + ¤ + m‹ + m‹ mk® - gFâ ¤ - rªâ (`ª’ MdJ Éfhu«) ¤ - ïwªjfhy ïilÃiy m‹ - rhÇia m‹ - M©ghš ÉidK‰W ÉFâ (M) brŒj brŒj - brŒ + ¤ + m brŒ - gFâ ¤ - ïwªjfhy ïilÃiy m - bgabu¢r ÉFâ 29. VnjD« x‹wD¡F¥ òz®¢á Éâ jUf. (m) v¤âir v¤âir = v + âir Éâ : ïašãD« ÉâÆD« Ëw cÆ®K‹ frjg ÄF«. (M) brªjÄnH brªjÄnH = br«ik + jÄnH <W nghjš - br« + jÄnH K‹Å‹w bkŒ âÇjš - brªjÄnH 30. <uir¢ Ó®fŸ v¤jid? mit ahit? <uir¢Ó®fŸ kh¢ÓU« És¢ÓU« (njkh. òËkh, TÉs«, fUÉs«) A-10 jÄœ-12

gFâ - III ãÇî - 1 vitnaD« ïu©lD¡F k£L« Éil jUf. [2 × 4 = 8] 31. mfyhJ mQfhJ Ô¡fhŒth® nghšf ïfšntªj®¢ nr®ªJ xGFth® - ï¡Fw£ghÉš gÆ‹W tU« mÂia És¡Ff. m : bjhÊš ctika m És¡f«: x‹¿Dila braiy (bjhÊiy) x¥ã£L T¿ mt‰¿š `nghy’ cUò btË¥gilahŒ tªjhš mJ bjhÊš ctika MF«. ctik: mfyhJ mQfhJ Ô¡fhŒth® (ÔÆš FË® fhŒgt® mjid mfyhJ«, mQfhJ« ïU¥g®) ctk cUò: nghy ctnka«: ïfš ntªj®¢ nr®ªJ xGFth® (ÔÆÅš FË® fhŒgtiu¥ nghy murÇl« beU§»¥ gHFgt® mtiu mfyhJ mQfhJ« ïU¥g®) v‹W x¥ã£LŸsJ. mÂ¥bghU¤j«: beU¥ãš FË® fhŒjš, murÇl« gHFjš v‹w bjhÊiy cz®¤â mâš `nghy’ cUò btË¥gilahŒ tªJŸsikahš ïJ bjhÊš ctika MF«. 32. “j©oay§fhu«” üš F¿¥ò¤ jUf. • j©oay§fhu«, m ïy¡fz¤ij¡ TW« áw¥ghd üšfËš x‹W. • ghl¥gFâ bghUsÂÆaš gFâÆš ïl«bg‰WŸsJ. • fhÉaj®r« v‹D« tlbkhÊ ïy¡fz üiy¤ jGÉ vGj¥g£l ïªüÈ‹ MáÇa® j©o Mth®. • ït® ». ã. (bgh. M) 12 M« ü‰wh©il¢ rh®ªjt®. • ïªüš bghJÉaš, bghUsÂÆaš, brhšyÂÆaš vd _‹W bgU« ãÇîfis cilaJ. • ïy¡fz üyh®, ciuaháÇa®fŸ M»nah® gyuhš vL¤jhs¥g£l bgUik bg‰wJ. 33. ïuhkȧfdh® F¿¥ò tiuf. bga® : ïuhkȧfdh® áw¥òbga® : tŸsyh® C® : flÿ® kht£l« áj«gu« t£l« kUö® bg‰nwh® : ïuhikah - á‹d«ik ãw¥ò : 5-10-1823 ghuâah® òfœªjJ : òJbe¿f©l òyt® ïw¥ò : ij¥ór¤ âUehŸ - 1874 ciueilüš : kDKiw¡ f©lthrf«, étfhU©a xG¡f« be¿ : rkur r‹kh®¡f be¿ khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A- 11

34. eh£oa mu§»‹ mik¥ig ïs§nfhtofŸ fh£á¥gL¤J« gh§F F¿¤J vGJf. ïs§nfhtofŸ fh£á¥gL¤J« eh£oa mu§f¤â‰fhd mik¥ò • á‰g üÈš brhšy¥g£lthW áwªj Ãy¤ij Mlš mu§»‰F¤ nj®ªbjL¤jd®, • kiyfËny Ú©L ts®ªj _§»šfËny x‹W¡bfh‹W ïilna xU rh© msî fQ¡fis¡ bfh©l _§»iy¡ bfh©L tªjd®. • j« if¥bgUÉuÈš ïUg¤J eh‹F msÉid¡ bfh©ljhf ï«_§»iy bt£od®. • mu§f« mik¡F« nfhyhf¡ bfh©L mâš VGnfhš mfyK« v£L¡nfhš ÚsK« xUnfhš cauK« cilajhf eh£oa mu§f¤ij mik¤jd®. • ö©fË‹ ÃHyhdJ, mitÆY« ehlf mu§»Y« ÉHhjgo ešy mHfhd ÃiyÉs¡Ffis ÃW¤âd®. • xUKf¤âiu, bghUKf¤âiu, fuªJtušâiu _‹iwí« áw¥òl‹ mik¤jd®. ãÇî - 2 [2 × 4 = 8] vitnaD« ïu©lD¡F k£L« Éil jUf. 35. fiyKGik v‹whš v‹d? És¡Ff. ïy¡»a¤â‹ ‘ga‹’ g‰¿¤ jÄœ ïy¡»a kuãš mG¤jkhd fU¤J c©L. mw«, bghUŸ, ï‹gkhfnth mšyJ ntW Vnjh X® ca®ªj F¿¡nfhshfnth, ïªj¥ ga‹ ïy¡»a cUth¡f¤âš ïl«bgw nt©L«. ã‹dhš tªjt®fŸ ïjid ïaªâu¥ ngh¡fhf¤ jÅahf - x£lhkš - T¿íŸsd®. Mdhš bjhšfh¥ãa« Äfî« bjËthf, ïy¡»a¤âd neh¡f« mšyJ mwÉaš rh®ªj fU¤JÃiyfŸ, fiy cUth¡f¤â‹nghnj rÇtu ïizªâU¡f nt©L« v‹gjid¢ R£o¡fh£oíŸsJ, ï¤jifabjhU KGikjh‹, fiy KGik vd¥gL»wJ. 36. khz¡f® m¡fhy¤âš Rtofis v›thW mik¤jd®? •• ïs«ãŸisfS¡F cgh¤âaha® Xiyia thÇ xG§fhf eW¡»¤ JisÆ£L¡ fÆW nfh¤J¤ jUth®. • xU JisÆLtJ« ïu©L JisÆLtJ« c©L. k ‰w ãŸisfŸ jh§fns brŒJ bfhŸSth®fŸ. gidnaL, Ójhs g¤âu« KjÈat‰¿š vGJtJ tH¡f«. • nkny r£lkhf¥ gidk£ilÆ‹ fh«ig eW¡»¡ nfh®¥gh®fŸ. ku¢r£l§fisí« mik¥gh®fŸ. • br¥ò¤ jf£lhY« r£lŠ brŒJ nfh®¥gh®fŸ. mªj¢ r£l§fË‹ nkš t®z ikÆdh‰ gy tifahd á¤âu§fŸ vGJtJ©L. 37. neu nkyh©ik F¿¤J vGJf. • kÅjDila nkyh©ik¥ g©ò, mt‹ XŒî neu¤ij cUth¡f¤ bjhl§»a nghJ cUthdJ. • tuyh‰W¡ fhy¤â‰F Kªija kÅjD¡F XŒî v‹gJ fdî. • mtdJ bghGJ, czî njLtânyna fʪjJ. • Éiuthf ntiy brŒa¡Toa, gÂia vËjh¡f¡ Toa fUÉfis¢ brŒjnghJ mtdhš CŒî neu¤ij cUth¡f KoªjJ. A-12 jÄœ-12

38. gH§fhy fšÉ KiwÆš kdd¥ gƉá v›thW ïUªjJ? •• m¡fhy¤J¥ ghlKiw¡F« ï¡fhy¤J¥ghl Kiw¡F« bgÇa ntWghL c©L. mo¥gilahd üšfbsšyh« ãŸisfS¡F kddkhf ïU¡F«. • jÄÊš Ãf©L, e‹}š, fhÇif, j©oay§fhu«, Úâ üšfŸ KjÈad ghlkhf ïU¡F«. • fÂj¤âš ÑœthÆy¡f«, nkšthÆy¡f«, FÊkh‰W KjÈa gytif thŒghLfŸ ghlkhf nt©L«. jiyÑœ¥ ghl« v‹W brhštij m«KiwfËš fhzyh«. • áWt®fŸ go¡F« M¤âNo, bfh‹iwntªj‹ v‹git mfuhâ tÇirÆš mikªjit mt®fSila Phgf¤âš mit gâtj‹ bghU£nlahF«. • ï¥gona mªjhâ Kiwia¡ bfh©L« vJif nkhidfis¡ bfh©L« brŒí£fis Phgf¥gL¤â¡ bfhŸth®fŸ. ãÇî - 3 vitnaD« _‹wD¡F Éil jUf. [3 × 4 = 12] 39. ghiy¤âiz g‰¿ ÉtÇ. mf¤âizfŸ IªJ. mt‰WŸ x‹W ghiy¤âiz. Kj‰bghUŸ Ãy« - bt¥g« ÄFªj RuK«, Ru« rh®ªj ïlK« bghGJ - áWbghGJ - e©gfš bgU«bghGJ - ntÅš, ã‹gÅ fU¥bghUŸ b jŒt« - bfh‰wit, J®¡if k¡fŸ - vÆd®, vƉ¿a® gwit - fGF, gUªJ, òwh Éy§F - tÈik ïHªj òÈ, brªehŒ C® - FW«ò Ú® - Ú®t‰¿a Rid, Ú® t‰¿a »zW ó - kuh, Fuh, ghâÇ ku« - ïU¥ig, Xik czî - tÊ¥g¿ brŒj bghUŸ ahœ - ghiyahœ bjhÊš - Ãiu ft®jš, Niwahlš cÇ¥bghUŸ ‘ãÇjY«, ãÇjš ÃĤjK«’ rh‹W kWÉš öÉ¢ áWfU§ fh¡if m‹òil kuãÅ‹ »isnah lhu¥ v‹w I§FWü‰W¥ ghlš ghiy¤âiz¡F¢ rh‹whF«. khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A- 13

brÉa¿îùc Jiwia És¡Ff. Jiw És¡f«: mur‹ brŒa nt©oa flikfis Kiw jtwhkš brŒíkhW mt‹ nf£oL« tifÆš neÇš br‹W eš tÊ¥gL¤JtJ brÉa¿îùc JiwahF«. vL¤J¡fh£L: ‘fhŒ beš’ v‹W Jt§F« ãáuhªijahÇ‹ òweh}‰W¥ ghlš. bghU¤j«: Kiwahd tÇÉÇ¥ò brŒJ k¡fS« k‹dD« áw¥òw thG« tÊia¥ òyt® ãáuhªijah® gh©oa‹ m¿îil e«ãÆl« ešÉÊ¥gL¤Jtjhš ï¥ghlÈš brÉa¿îùc Jiw tªJŸsJ. 40. brh‰bghUŸ ã‹tUÃiya (mšyJ) ctika g‰¿ cÇa cjhuz¤Jl‹ ÉtÇ. brh‰bghUŸ ã‹tUÃiya m És¡f«: xU brŒíËš tªj brhšny Û©L« Û©L« gyKiw tªJ, K‹ò jªj mnj bghUisna jUkhdhš brh‰bghUŸ ã‹tUÃiy mÂahF«. cjhuz«: v©Âa v©Âah§F vŒJg v©Âah® â©Âa® Mf¥ bg¿‹ mÂ¥ bghU¤j«: ï¡Fw£ghÉš v©Â v‹w brhš Û©L« Û©L« tªJ Ãid¤J v‹w xnu bghUis¤ jUtjhš ïâš brh‰bghUŸ ã‹tUÃiya gÆ‹W tªJŸsJ. (mšyJ) ctika m És¡f«: ctkhdK«, ctnkaK« ju¥g£L ctk cUò« btË¥gilahf¢ brŒíËš tUtnj ctik mÂahF«. cjhuz«: cl«ghL ïyhjt® thœ¡if Fl§fUŸ gh«nghL cl‹ciwª j‰W. mÂ¥ bghU¤j«: ï¡FwËš ‘cl«ghL ïyhjt® thœ¡if’ v‹gJ ctkhd«. ‘Fl§fUŸ gh«nghL cl‹ ciwjš’ v‹gJ ctnka«. m‰W v‹gJ ctk cUò. ï¡FwËš ctkhd«, ctnka«, ctk cUò M»ad btË¥gilahf tªJŸsjhš ïâš ctik m gÆ‹W tªJŸsJ. 41. kÆyh¥ó® áw¥òfŸ ahit? kÆyh¥óÇ‹ áw¥òfshtd: • klyh®ªj bj§»‹ kÆiy - bj‹idfŸ Ãiwªj kÆyh¥ó® • ïUsf‰W« nrh⤠bjh‹kÆiy - ïUis Éu£L« n#hâ ngh‹w bjh‹ikÄF kÆyh¥ó® • f‰wh®fŸ V¤J« fghä¢ru« - f‰wt®fshš òfH¥gL»‹w kÆyh¥ó® A-14 jÄœ-12

• f©zh® kÆiy¡ fghä¢ru« - f©fŸnghy ca®thf¤âfG« kÆyh¥ó® • fUŠnrhiy Nœªj fghä¢ru« - ml®ªj nrhiyfŸ Ãiwªj kÆyh¥ó® • k§Fš kâjtG« khlåâ kÆyh¥ó® - xËÄF rªâu‹ xËåR« khlåâfŸ Ãiwªj kÆyh¥ó® • C®âiu ntiy cyhî« ca®kÆiy - miyfŸ jtG« flÈ‹ áw¥òila kÆyh¥ó® 42. ã‹tU« gHbkhÊia thœ¡if ÃfœÉš mik¤J vGJf. (m) CÊ bgaÇD« jh« bgauh® És¡f«: cyfnk mÊí« Ãiy tªjhY« ešyij k£Lnk brŒJ Ôikia¢ brŒahjt®. thœ¡if Ãfœî: f©k Äfî« ešytŸ bghŒ ngrhjtŸ. j‹ gŸËÆš gÆY« e©g®fŸ nr®ªJ j‹ m«khÉl« gz« Vkh‰¿ th§» ï‹g¢R‰Wyh bršy ÉU«ãd®. Mdhš f©k¡F mJ ão¡fÉšiy. mjdhš eh‹ tuÉšiy vd¡ T¿É£lhŸ. gHbkhÊ cz®¤J« Úâ: bghŒT¿ xU braiy¢ brŒtJ jtW cyfnk mÊí« ÃiytÇD« mjid eh« brŒjš TlhJ. (mšyJ) (M) To thœªjhš nfho e‹ik gHbkhÊ És¡f«: jÅ xUtdhš rhâ¡f Koahj gy fhÇa§fis¡ T£L Ka‰áÆdhš bt‰¿ bgw¢ brŒa Koí« v‹gJ ï¥gHbkhÊÆ‹ fU¤jhF«. thœ¡if Ãfœî: xU CÇš gy rka¤jh®fŸ x‹WTo thœªJ tªjh®fŸ. mªj CÇš ešyJ bf£lJ vJ elªjhY« x‰Wikíl‹ brašgLth®fŸ. ï¥go¥ gy eh£fŸ fʪJÉ£ld. ãwF xUtU¡bfhUt® áy fhuz¤J¡fhf thŒ¢r©ilah», if¢r©ilÆš nghŒ filáÆš cÆiu¥ g¿¡f¡Toa r©ilahf kh¿É£lJ. ïªj¢ braiy¥ gh®¤J g¡f¤J C®¡fhu®fS« ït®fis¤ jhœthf Ãid¤jh®fŸ. ïWâÆš xUtU¡bfhUt® ãu¢ridÆš kh£o¡ bfh©L fhtš Ãiya«, Úâk‹w« v‹W nghŒ, j‹Ål« ïU¡F« gz¤ij všyh« Éua« brŒJ filáÆš j‹ FL«g¤ij¢ nrhf¤J¡F¤ jŸË É£lh®fŸ. ãwF x›bthU rka¤jhU« j‹ Ãiyia¤ bjǪJ bfh©L, eh« x‰Wikíl‹ ïUªjhš jh‹ thœ¡ifÆš br«ikia milnth« v‹W brhšÈ, x‰Wikíl‹ thœªjh®fŸ. Úâ: “x‹Wg£lhš c©L thœî” v‹w gHbkhÊ¡nf‰g njiu ïG¥gj‰F¥ gy kÅj®fŸ njit. xUt® k£L« njiu ïG¡f KoahJ v‹gJ nghy¡ To thœªjhš nfho e‹ikahF« v‹gij ï¥gHbkhÊ cz®¤J»wJ. khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A- 15

43. fU¤J¥ gl¤ij¥ òǪJ bfh©L g¤âahf vGJf. r§f ïy¡»a§fŸ v£L¤bjhif g¤J¥gh£L mf« òw« mfK« mf« òw« òwK« e‰¿iz òweh}W F¿Šá¥gh£L kJiu¡fhŠá FWªbjhif gâ‰W¥g¤J gÇghlš Kšiy¥gh£L âUKUfh‰W¥gil IªFWüW beLešthil bghUeuh‰W¥gil mfeh}W g£od¥ghiy bgU«ghzh‰W¥gil fȤbjhif áWghzh‰W¥gil T¤juh‰W¥gil r§f ïy¡»a§fŸ ïu©L tiffshf¥ ãÇ¡f¥gL»‹wd. mit (1) v£L¤bjhif (2) g¤J¥gh£L. v£L¤bjhif v£L üšfis¡ bfh©lJ. v£L¤bjhifahdJ mf«, òw« k‰W« mfK« òwK« vd _‹W ãÇîfshf¥ ãÇ¡f¥gL»‹wJ. mf« ãÇÉš e‰¿iz, FWªbjhif, I§FWüW, mfeh}W k‰W« fȤbjhif M»a IªJ üšfŸ ml§F«. òw« ãÇÉš òweh}W, gâ‰W¥g¤J vd ïu©L üšfŸ cŸsd. mfK« òwK« ãÇÉš gÇghlš üš k£L« cŸsJ. g¤J¥gh£L g¤J tif¥gL«. mit ïy¡»a¤âš mf« k‰W« òw« vd ïU ãÇîfshf ãÇ¡f¥gL»‹wd. mt‰¿š mf« ãÇÉš IªJ üšfŸ ïl«bg‰WŸsd. mit F¿Šá¥gh£L, Kšiy¥gh£L, beLešthil k‰W« g£od¥ghiy MF«. òw« ãÇÉš MW üšfshf¥ ãÇ¡f¥g£LŸsd. mit kJiu¡fhŠá, âUKUfh‰W¥gil, bghUeuh‰W¥gil, bgU«ghzh‰W¥gil, áWghzh‰W¥gil k‰W« T¤juh‰W¥gil MF«. gFâ - IV ã‹tU« Édh¡fS¡F ïU g¡f§fS¡F Äfhkš Éil jUf. [3 × 6 = 18] 44. (m) brŒªe‹¿a¿jny mw« v‹gij thíiw thœ¤â‹ Jiz bfh©L ÃWîf. mªj th‹òfœ bfh©l tŸSt‹ ïªj x£L bkh¤j cy»‰nf njitahd thœÉaš fU¤J¡fis¡ T¿íŸsh®. mtUila mid¤J fU¤J¡fS« mid¤J kj¤âdU¡F«, mid¤J k¡fS¡F« mid¤J njr¤â‰F« bghJthf cŸsjhny ïJ cyfbghJkiw v‹W miH¡f¥gL»wJ. brŒªe‹¿a¿jny mw«: brŒªe‹¿a¿jny mw« v‹W bghUŸgL«go tŸSt® áy FwŸfËš És¡»íŸsh®. mt‰iw¡ Ñœf©lthW gh®¥ngh«. brŒahkš brŒj cjÉ¡F itafK« thdfK« M‰w yÇJ. jh‹ X® cjÉí« brŒahâUªJ« jd¡F cjÉ brŒj xUtU¡F k©Qyifí« É©Qyifí« ifkhwhf¡ bfhL¤jhY« <lhfhJ. A-16 jÄœ-12

fhy¤â dhšbrŒj e‹¿ á¿JvÅD« Phy¤â‹ khz¥ bgÇJ. cÇa fhy¤âš xUt® brŒj cjÉ msÉš á¿ajhf ïUªjhY«, mJ cyf¤â‹ msitÉl Äf¥ bgÇajhF«. ga‹ö¡fh® brŒj cjÉ ea‹ö¡»‹ e‹ik flȉ bgÇJ ï‹d ga‹ »il¡F« v‹W Muhahkš xUt® ek¡F¢ brŒj cjÉÆ‹ m‹òilikia MuhŒªjhš, mj‹ e‹ik fliy Él¥ bgÇajhF«. âid¤Jiz e‹¿ brÆD« gid¤Jizah¡ bfhŸt® ga‹bjÇ th® xUt® âidasth»a cjÉia¢ brŒj nghâY« mj‹ ga‹ bjǪjt®fŸ, mjidna gidasthf¡ bfh©L ngh‰Wt®. e‹¿ kw¥gJ e‹w‹W e‹wšyJ m‹nw kw¥gJ e‹W. xUt® ek¡F¢ brŒj e‹ikia kw¥gJ ešyj‹W. mt® brŒj Ôikia m¥bghGnj kwªJÉLtJ ešyJ. vªe‹¿ bfh‹wh®¡F« cŒî©lh« cŒÉšiy brŒªe‹¿ bfh‹w kf‰F vªj mw¤ij mʤjt®¡F« j¥ã¥ ãiH¡f thŒ¥ãU¡F«. Mdhš xUt® brŒj cjÉia kwªJÉ£ltU¡F cŒnt ïšiy. ï›thW tŸSt® brŒªe‹¿a¿jny mw« v‹W ïªj mâfhu¤âš T¿íŸsh®. (mšyJ) 44. (M) v¢.V. »U£ozdh® ‘»¿¤jt¡ f«g®’ v‹gij E« ghl¥gFâ tÊ ÃWîf. • »¿¤Jt¡ f«g® v‹w Mšãu£ »UZzãŸis (H.A. »UZzãŸis) V¥uš 23, 1827 M« M©L âUbešntÈ kht£l« fiuÆU¥ãš bu£oah® g£o v‹D« á‰ùÇš ãwªjt®. • ïtuJ bg‰nwh® r§fu ehuhaz ãŸis, bjŒt eha»a«ik. bA‹¿ Mšãu£ v‹w bga®fË‹ RU¡fnk H.A. MF«. • jÄœ MáÇauhf¥ gÂah‰¿a ïtuJ gil¥òfŸ ngh‰¿¤ âUtftš, ïu£rÂa ah¤âÇf«, ïu£rÂa kndhfu« M»ait ït® vGâajhf brhšy¥gL« ïu£rÂa Fuš, ïu£rÂa ghy nghjid v‹w üšfŸ j‰bghGJ »il¡fÉšiy. • ïu£rÂa kndhfu¤â‹ bgU« gFâ ïu£rÂa ah¤âÇf¤âÈUªJ vL¤J¤ bjhF¡f¥g£lJ MF«. • H.A.»UZzãŸis bj‹jÄœ ehlh»a bešiy ehL, [j‰nghija âUbešntÈ kht£l«] gy nkiy eh£L m¿P®fis¤ jÄœ bjh©luh¡»a bgUik ïtU¡F« nrU«. • ï¤jhÈa njr¤J ɤjfuh»a åukhKÅtuJ jÄœ¥ òyik¡F monfhÈaJ bešiy ehL«, ïtU« jh‹. bgUªjÄœ bjh©luh»a ngh¥igaU¡F¤ jÄœ m¿î C£oaJ bešiy ehL jh‹. khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A- 17

• bkhÊ ü‰òyikÆš áwªJ És§»a fhšLbtš Ia® thœªjJ« bešiy ehL jh‹. ï›thW ãw eh£L m¿Piu¤ jÄœ¥ gÂÆš <LgL¤âa bj‹jÄœ eh£oš bu£oah®g£o v‹w á‰ù® cŸsJ. • mªj CÇš ntshs® Fy¤âš itzt kj¤âš ãwªjt® jh‹ H.A. »UZzãŸis. ïsikÆny jÄÊš cŸs Úâ üšfisí«, rka üšfisí« m¡fhy Kiw¥go e‹F f‰wh®. • m¥nghJ bešiy eh£ony »¿¤Jt r§f§fŸ »s®ªJ vGªjJ. áwªj rka¤ bjh©L« brŒa¥g£lJ. r®¢R Kiw¢ r§f¤âš áw¥ghf rh®rªj® v‹D« áy® áwªj g brŒjd®. • mj‹ fhuzkhf »¿¤Jtkj¤â‹ ÛJ H.A. »U£ozãŸis¡F mâf <LghL tªjJ. mªj kj« bjhl®ghd gy üšfŸ ïtuhš vGj¥g£lJ. ngh‰¿¤ âUtftš  ïu£rÂa ah¤âÇf«  ïu£rÂa kndhfu«  ïu£rÂa Fuš  ïu£rÂa ghy nghjid ngh‹w »¿¤Jt bjhl®ghd gy gil¥òfŸ ïtuhš vGj¥g£ld. fÉ¢ r¡fut®¤â f«giu¥ nghy M‹Ûf <Lgh£Ll‹, »¿¤Jt rka üšfis¤ jÄÊš gil¤J k»œªjh® H.A. »U£ozdh®. ïj‹ fhuzkhfnt »¿¤Jt¡ f«g® v‹W miH¡f¥gL»wh®. 45. (m) g©il¡fhy¡ fšÉ KiwÆš MáÇa® khzt®fS¡»ilna Ãfœªj f‰wš, f‰ã¤jš Kiwfis¤ bjhF¤bjGJf. e«Kila eh£oš Äf¥ giHa fhy¤âš MáÇaUila ånl gŸË¡Tlkhf ïUªjJ. mij¡ FUFy« v‹gh®fŸ. fz¡fhabu‹gJ cgh¤âahaU¡F¥ bga®. fz¡F v‹gJ üÈ‹ bga®. k‹w§fŸ: C®njhW« bghJthd ïl¤âš xU bgÇa ku¤âdona nkilbah‹W mik¡f¥g£oU¡F«. mjid k‹wbk‹W« m«gybk‹W« TWt®. k‹wbk‹gJ ku¤joÆš cŸs â©izna; mJnt ãwF â©iz¥ gŸË¡Tlkhf kh¿abj‹W njh‹W»wJ. gŸËfŸ: ku¤joÆš ïUªj gŸË¡Tl§fŸ ehsilÉš áW Foirfshf kh¿d. gy ïl§fËny kl§fˉ ghlrhiyfŸ c©lhÆd. gŸËbaD« brhš i#d kl§fS¡F« ghlrhiyfS¡F« bghJthd bga®. ghlrhiyfŸ ntW, kl§fŸ ntW v‹w ntWgho‹¿ ïu©L« x‹whfnt fUj¥g£likÆ‹, gŸËba‹D« bga® ïu©o‰F« bghJthf tH§»abj‹W njh‰W»‹wJ. ɤâahu«g«: Kj‹KjÈš Iªjh« ãuha¤âš ɤâah¥ãahr« brŒí«bghGJ jhŒ jªija® ãŸisfis MáÇa®fËl« mil¡fykhf¡ bfhL¤J tªjh®fŸ. ãŸisfis¥ gŸË¡Tl¤âš it¡F« fhy« xU bgÇa Énrl ehshf¡ bfh©lhl¥ bgW«. V£o‹ ÛJ kŠr£ óᥠóá¤J¥ igaÅl« bfhL¤J thá¡f¢ brŒth®fŸ. A-18 jÄœ-12

cgh¤âaha® beL§fz¡if¢ brhšÈ¡bfhL¡f, khzh¡f‹ mjid ã‹g‰¿¢ brhšYth‹. ï¥go cgh¤âaha® x‹iw¢ brhšy mij khzh¡f®fŸ gyU« nr®ªJ brhštij `Kiw it¥g’ bj‹W TWth®fŸ. cgh¤âahaU¡F¥ ãuâahf¢ áy rka§fˉ r£lh«ãŸis Kiw it¥gJ©L. kdd¥ gƉá: m¡fhy¤J¥ ghlKiw¡F« ï¡fhy¤J¥ ghl Kiw¡F« bgÇa ntWghL c©L. mo¥gilahd üšfbsšyh« ãŸisfS¡F kddkhf ïU¡F«. jÄÊš Ãf©L, e‹}š, fhÇif, j©oay§fhu«, Úâ üšfŸ KjÈad ghlkhf ïU¡F«. fÂj¤âš ÑœthÆy¡f«, nkšthÆy¡f«, FÊkh‰W KjÈa gytif thŒghLfŸ ghlkhf nt©L«. ‘jiyÑœ¥ ghl«’ v‹W brhštij m«KiwfËš fhzyh«. áWt®fŸ go¡F« M¤âNo, bfh‹iwntªj‹ v‹git mfuhâ tÇirÆš mikªjik mt®fSila Phgf¤âš mit gâtj‹ bghU£nlahF«. ï¥gona mªjhâ Kiwia¡ bfh©L« vJif nkhidfis¡ bfh©L« brŒí£fis Phgf¥gL¤â¡ bfhŸth®fŸ. m‹ãdhš ml¡Fjš: K‰fhy¤âš bfhoa j©lidfŸ ïšiy. MáÇa®fŸ khzh¡f®fis m‹ãdhš tÊ¥gL¤â tªjh®fŸ. mt®fŸghš ïUªj kÇahij khzh¡f®fS¡F¥ ga¤ij c©lh¡»aJ. ãiHfis kwªJ« òÇahj ÃiyÆš mt®fŸ ïUªjd®. ã‹Diu fhy¤â‹ ntf« mªj¥ giHa fhy¤J¥ gŸË¡Tl§fis kh‰¿aik¤J É£lhY«, mt‰whš c©lhd e‰ga‹fisí« mt‰¿‰ go¤j ngu¿P®fŸ ek¡F <£o it¤JŸs ü‰bršt¤ijí« Ãid¡F«nghJ, e«ika¿ahkš ek¡F xU bgUÄj« c©lh»‹wJ. m¡fhy¤J Kiwfis ÛshÉoD«, m¥gŸË¡Tl§fË‹ mo¥gilahd c©ikfisnaD« eh« m¿ªJbfh©L thH Kay nt©L«. (mšyJ) 45. (M) r§ffhy fšbt£il m¿ªJbfhŸs òfq® fšbt£L v›tifÆš JizòÇ»wJ? És¡Ff. òfq® f%® kht£l¤âš mikªJŸsJ. ïªj CÇš MWeh£lh‹ v‹W xU kiy cŸsJ. kiyao thu¤J Ciu ntyhíj«ghisa« v‹g®. ï«kiy¥gFâÆš ï¡fšbt£LfŸ fhz¥gL»‹wd. bkh¤j« 12 fšbt£LfŸ fhz¥gL»‹wd. ïit mid¤J« r§ffhy¤ jÄœ vG¤âš vGj¥ bg‰WŸs bkhÊ jÄHhF«. ït‰WŸ ïU fšbt£LfŸ nru k‹d®fŸ tH§»a bfhil g‰¿¡ TW»‹wd. vdnt, ï¡fšbt£LfŸ r§f fhytuyh‰iw¤ bjǪJ bfhŸs bgÇJ« Jiz¥òÇ»‹wd. fšbt£L -1 ....m«k©z‹ ah‰ù® br§fhag‹ ciwŒ nfh Mj‹ bršÈU« bghiw kf‹ bgU§ fL§nfh‹ kf‹ (ï)s§ fL§nfh (ï)s§nfh Mf mW¤j fš `nfh Mj‹ bršÈU« bghiw kf‹‘ v‹w brh‰fis¥ go¤jîl‹ vd¡F V‰g£l Éa¥igí« k»œ¢áiaí« brhšÈ khshJ ! MdhY« jÄÊY« tuyh‰W¤ JiwÆY« <LghL cŸs m‹g®fS¡F vd¡F V‰g£l cz®¢á btŸs¤ij És¡f mtáa« ïšiy v‹nw Ãid¡»nw‹. khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A- 19

áw¥òfŸ: •• r§ffhy nru mur®fË‹ fšbt£L. •• nfh Mj‹ bršÈU« bghiw bgU§fL§nfh, ïs§fL§nfh M»a mur®fË‹ bga®fŸ F¿¥ãl¥ bg‰WŸsd. •• nru muá‹ _‹W jiyKiw ïj‹ _y« bjÇatªJŸsJ. •• gâ‰W¥g¤âš 7, 8, 9 M« g¤â‰FÇa jiyt®fshf milahs¥gL¤j bg‰WŸsd®. 46. (m) `»uhk§fŸ j§fŸ KftÇia ïHªJ tU»‹wd’ - jiy¡Fs« fijÆ‹¿ c§fŸ fU¤ij ÉtÇ¡f. Fs¤J¡fiu ÉehafU«, murkuK«, R¤jkhd fh‰W«, fh≻Åa FÆš Xirí« nfho¡fz¡fhd gz« bfhL¤jhY« »il¡fhj rªnjhr« jU« ïlkhf »uhk§fŸ âfœ»‹wd. vªj¤ bjhÊš Kiw kh¿dhY« mʪjhY« cyf« ïa§FtJ ghâ¡fhJ. Mdhš cÆ® bfhL¡F« cHî¤bjhÊš mʪjhš cyf« ïU¡F«. Mdhš cÆ®fŸ ïU¡fhJ. m¥go¥g£l cHî¤bjhÊš brŒí« »uhk§fŸ efiu neh¡» âU«ã¢ brštJ fhy¤â‹ f£lha« v‹whY«, fZlfhy« e«ik neh¡» tU»wJ v‹gJ« e« m¿a nt©oaJ« f£lha«. e« »uhk§fŸ mʪJ tUtij eh« f©Tlhf gh®¤J tU»‹nwh«. efu¤â‰F tU« »uhk¤âd® g£oaÈš ïªâa msÉš jÄHf« 3 tJ ïl¤âš cŸs bkh¤j k¡fŸ bjhifÆš 14.5 % ng® »uhk§fis fhÈ brŒJÉ£L efU¡FŸ tªJÉ£ld®. bkh¤jKŸs k¡fË‹ 48.40 % ng® efu§fËš tá¥gJ czî c‰g¤â¡F Él¥g£l mgha v¢rÇ¡if. V‰fdnt nfush, f®ehlfh, MªâuhÉl« j©ÙU¡fhf nghuhotU« eh«, ïÅtU« fhy§fËš czî¡F m©il khÃy¤ij e«ã ïU¡f nt©oa fhy« btF bjhiyÉš ïšiy. »uhk§fS¡F vd áy milahs§fŸ c©L. tašbtË, â©izåLfŸ, ku¤jo, nfhÆš, Fs« ït‰Wl‹ k© kz¡F« Éisah£LfŸ -fgo jÄHf »uhk§fS¡nf cÇa milahs«. xU fhy¤âš CU¡F C® nf£l rL .... FL r¥j§fis ï¥nghJ nf£f KoaÉšiy. v§nf brš»nwh« eh« v‹nw òÇaÉšiy. “M‰w§fiu Xu« mikªj åLfŸ g¢ir f«gs« ÉǤjh‰ nghy gRik Ãiwªj taš btËfŸ FL«g¤njhL mf« k»G« â©iz mk®î” vd mid¤ijí« bjhiy¤JÉ£L M‹uhŒ£ miy ngáÆ‹ bjhL âiuÆš mH»a gl§fis njLjyhš k£Lnk bjhiyªj e« »uhk¤ij âU«ã Él KoahJ. ïa‹w tiu ïa‰ifia¥ ngh‰¿ thœnth«. »uhk¤ij mÊÉÈUªJ Û£ngh« ! (mšyJ) 46. (M) ‘eof® âyf«’ - v‹w g£l« áthÍ¡F¥ bghU¤jkhdnj v‹gij ÃWîf. K‹Diu: jh‹ V‰W¡bfh©l gh¤âu¤njhL x‹¿ÉL»‹w kfheof® áthÍ fnzr‹, mtU¡F eof® âyf« v‹w g£l« Äfî« bghU¤j«jh‹ v‹gij¥ g‰¿ ï§F áªâ¥ngh«. A-20 jÄœ-12

CU« ngU«: ïa‰bga® fnzr‹ ïtuJ brhªj C® ÉG¥òu« ãŠR¥ gUt¤â‹ Iªjh« mfitÆnyna eo¥òy»š mobaL¤J it¤jt®. bgÇah® N£oa bga®: áW taJ Kjyhfnt ehlf¡ f«bgÅÆš ïizªJ jdJ eo¥ò¤ âwikahš K‹nd¿at® fnzr‹. ngu¿P® m©zh vGâa r¤ugâ áthÍ ehlf¤âš r¤ugâ åu áthÍahf fnzr‹ ntlnk‰W eo¤jh®. ïªj ehlf¤ij¥ gh®¤j jªij bgÇah® eof® fnzrD¡F ‘áthÍ - fnzr‹’ v‹W bga® N£odh®. bgÇah® N£oa áthÍ fnzr‹ v‹w bganu Ãiy¤JÉ£lJ. K¤âiu gâ¤j eof® âyf«: åu áthÍahf¥ ngáa trd§fŸ, guhr¡âÆš fiyPÇ‹ vG¤âš áthÍ ngáa trd§fŸ, V.ã. ehfuh#Å‹ vG¤âš âUÉisahlš âiu¥gl¤âš ngáa trd§fŸ, åu gh©oa f£lbgh«kÅš áthÍ ngáa åu trd§fŸ, br¡»G¤j br«kyhf áthÍ eo¤j nghJ ngáa cz®¢áô£L« trd§fŸ áthÍia eo¥ã‹ ïy¡fz« vd k¡fis¥ ngr it¤jJ. ghuâahf, ïuh#gh®£ u§f¤Jiuahf, fhtšJiw mâfhÇahf, Úâgâahf, ghrky® m©zdhf - ï¥go¥ gy ju¥g£l ntl§fËš eo¤J¥ òfÊ‹ c¢r« bjh£lh® áthÍ fnzr‹. eo¥ãš ïkakh» ca®ªJ Ëwjhš mtiu ‘eof® âyf«’ vd miH¥gJ rhyî« bghUªJ«. Koîiu: jÄHf k¡fŸ kdâš Ú§fhj ïl« bg‰w eof® âyf« áthÍ fnzr‹ jdJ òfGl«òl‹ ï‹W« thœªJ tU»wh®. gFâ - V 47. mokhwhkš brŒíŸ toÉš vGJf. [1 × 4 = 4] (m) ‘J‹ò csJ’ vd¤ bjhl§F« f«guhkhaz¥ ghliy moãwHhkš vGJf. J‹ò csJvÅ‹ m‹nwh Rf« csJ? mJ m‹¿¥ ã‹ò csJ; ïil k‹D« ãÇî csJ vd c‹ndš; K‹ò cbs« xU ehšnt« Koî csJ vd c‹dh m‹ò cs, ïÅ, eh« X® It®fŸ cs® Mndh« - f«g® (M) ‘braš’ vd Koí« Fwis vGJf. [1 × 2 = 2] brhšYjš ah®¡F« vËa mÇath« brhšÈa t©z« braš - âUtŸSt® khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-1 A- 21

4khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ - neu«: 3.00 k (Édh¡fŸ k£L«) kâ¥bg©fŸ: 90 gFâ - I m id¤J Édh¡fS¡F« Éil jUf. [14 × 1 = 14] 1. ‘ãwbfhUehŸ nfhil’ fÉijia ïa‰¿at® .................... . (m) mŒa¥g‹ (M) mŒa¥g kfhnjt‹ (ï) mŒa¥g khjt‹ (<) Iuhtj« kfhnjt‹ 2. ‘jhf§bfh©l Ûbdh‹W’ üÈ‹ MáÇa® ................. . (m) cja_®¤â (M) r¤âa_®¤â (ï) ïuhk_®¤â (<) Rªju_®¤â 3. gl¤J¡F¥ bghU¤jkhd Fwis vGJf. (m) m‹ò« mwD« cil¤jhÆ‹ ïšthœ¡if g©ò« gaD« mJ. (M) ita¤JŸ thœth§F thœgt‹ thDiwí« bjŒt¤JŸ it¡f¥ gL«. (ï) ád«v‹D« nr®ªjhiu¡ bfhšÈ ïd«v‹D« Vk¥ òizia¢ RL«. 4. Miria mwnt mʤj áªijah‹ ah® v‹»wh® f«g®? (m) ïuhk‹ (M) ïy¡Ft‹ (ï) guj‹ (<) r¤U¡fd‹ 5. ‘thŒ¡fhš Û‹fŸ’ üY¡F¢ áwªj üY¡fhd gÇir¥ bg‰wt® ................... . (m) njtuhr‹ (M) ïiwa‹ò (ï) njtrfha« (<) ehT®ã¢ir 6. ‘jÄœ¤ jh¤jh’ vd¤ jÄH®fshš ngh‰w¥gLgt® ................. Mth®. (m) áj«gu«ãŸis (M) ïuhkȧf«ãŸis (ï) ïuhrkh¡fdh® (<) c.nt. rhÄehjŒa® 7. ïy¡fz¡F¿¥ò¤ nj®f. ‘ks ks’ (m) mL¡F¤ bjhl® (M) ïu£il¡»sÉ (<) Éidba¢r« (ï) g©ò¤bjhif 8. ‘mW’ v‹w nt®¢ brhšÈ‹ j‹ik g‹ik ÉidK‰iw vGJf. (m) mW¤jh‹ (M) mW¤jš (ï) mW¤Ô® (<) mW¤njh« 9. FHštÊ v‹W Jt§F« áy¥gâfhu¥ ghlÈ‹ ‘gh’ tif ................. MF«. (m) MáÇa¥gh (M) bt©gh (ï) tŠá¥gh (<) fÈ¥gh 10. ‘_ntªj® fh¥ãa«’ gil¤jt® ................ . (m) x£l¡T¤j® (M) ïs§nfhtofŸ (<) nru‹beLkhdŠá (ï) Ó¤jiy¢rh¤jdh® 11. ïy¡»a¤ij¥ go¡FªnjhW« mj‹ bghUis MH¥gL¤J« tifÆš fh£l¥gL« cz®¢á btË¥ghnl .................. MF«. (m) Rit (M) eo¥ò (ï) mH»aš (<) âU¥g« A-53

12. cz®îfis Kf¡ F¿¥òfshY«, clš bkhÊfshY« áw¥ghf btË¥gL¤âa kfh eof‹ ............... Mth®. (m) áthÍfnzr‹ (M) b#ÄÅfnzr‹ (ï) rhɤâÇ fnzr‹ (<) fkyh fnzr‹ 13. kh®y‹ ãuh©nlh v‹gt® ................ eof®. (m) ghÈî£ (M) K«ig (ï) AhÈî£ (<) á§fs 14. kdnk xU ntsh©ik¡F c£g£l nkyh©ik cilanj vd¡TW« jÄœ ïy¡»a« .................. MF«. (m) M¤âNo (M) áy¥gâfhu« (ï) mwbe¿¢rhu« (<) e‹bd¿ gFâ - II ãÇî - 1 [3 × 2 = 6] vitnaD« _‹wD¡F Éil jUf. [2 × 2 = 4] 15. khjÉíl‹ Mlyu§»‰F ah® ah® tªjd®? 16. vjid e‹¿‹ghš cŒ¥gJ m¿î? 17. Ãiyahik F¿¤J, rtÇ ciu¡F« fU¤J ahJ? 18. vâ®ghuhj ÉUªâd®fŸ vd %Ä vt‰iw cUtf¥gL¤J»wh®? ãÇî - 2 vitnaD« ïu©lD¡F Éil jUf. 19. jÄœ bkhÊÆ‹ ‘eil’ v‹gJ ahJ? 20. ‘jÄiH ca®jÅ¢ br«bkhÊ’ vd gÇâkh‰ fiyP® v›thW ÃWî»wh®? 21. xU efu« cyf¥òfœ bgw v¤jF áw¥òfis¥ bgw nt©L«? ãÇî - 3 vitnaD« VHD¡F Éil jUf. [7 × 2 = 14] 22. tšÈd bkŒfis ï£L vGJf. jiyik g©ã‰fhd jFâfŸ F¿¤J gF¤jhŒjš, nkyh©ik TWfis m¿jš áwªjJ. 23. fh¥ãa¤ij¥ g‰¿ j©oay§fhu üš F¿¥ãLtd ahit? 24. vG¤J¥ãiH Ú¡Ff. FsªijÆ‹ mSifia kh‰w jhŒ this¥gy« jªjhš. 25. x‹wD¡F ïy¡fz¡F¿¥ò¤ jUf. (m) ig§Tœ (M) nj‹»©z« 26. x‹wD¡F k£L« gFgj cW¥ãy¡fz« jUf. (m) jÉ®¤jd (M) ïa‰¿ 27. bghUŸ ntWghLfh£o xnu bjhlÇš mik¤J vGJf. òš - òŸ 28. vG¤J ãiHia Ú¡» vGJf. guit ïiwahf¥ gÆW tiffis¤ â©Q«. A-54 jÄœ-12

29. ãwbkhÊ Ú¡»¤ jŤjÄÊš vGJf. c¤nahf¤âš nr®ªJ ~gÞ£ ïa® f«¥ç£ g©Â£lh #h¥ bg®kbd‹£ MÆL«. 30. DOMESTIC FLIGHT v‹gj‹ jÄHh¡f«. gFâ - III ãÇî - 1 [2 × 4 = 8] vitnaD« ïu©lD¡F Éil jUf. 31. ïuhk‹ ïy§if muir ahU¡F cÇikah¡»¡ bfhL¤jh‹? 32. ïuhrnfhghy‹ jdJ bgaiu Rujh vd V‹ kh‰¿dh®? Rujh T¿a trd«, fÉij ntWghLfis¥ g£oaÈLf. 33. khjÉÆ‹ Mlš âwikia¥ ghuh£o k‹d‹ mˤj gÇR ahJ? 34. jd¡F ï‹dš ïiH¤njh®¡F« ïiwkf‹ ïu¡f« fh£oa gh§»id És¡Ff. ãÇî - 2 [2 × 4 = 8] vitnaD« ïu©lD¡F Éil jUf. 35. tÂf nkyh©ik F¿¤J vGJf. 36. c.nt.rh. F¿¤J vGJf. 37. ca®jÅ¢ br«bkhÊ g‰¿í«, mt‰iw¥ gil¡f fÉP®fË‹ ïašò g‰¿í« TWf. 38. jha Kiw (Matrilocal) v‹whš v‹d? ãÇî - 3 [3 × 4 = 12] vitnaD« _‹wD¡F Éil jUf 39. gÇáš Jiw (mšyJ) brªjÄœ v‹D« jiy¥ãš fÉij vGJf. 40. ctik¤ bjhlÇid¤ bjhlÇš mik¤J vGJf. ïiykiw fhŒ nghš (mšyJ) g¤âia¥ go¤J ÉilaË. vJ vªj neu¤âš K¡»a« v‹W rÇahd KobtL¥gâšjh‹ thœÉ‹ bt‰¿ cŸsJ. mJnt áwªj nyh©ik v‹gij¤jh‹ bjh‹ik ÄFªj ïªj Ód¡fij brhš»wJ. Édh¡fŸ: 1. bt‰¿Æ‹ ïufáa« ahJ? 2. bt‰¿Æ‹ ïufáa« g‰¿¡ T¿a fijbkhÊ ahJ? 41. gHbkhÊia thœ¡if ÃfœÉš mik¤J vGJf. ‘Ä‹Dtbjšyh« bgh‹dšy’ (mšyJ) ÃW¤j‰F¿ÆLf. ».ã. 1647 ïš vGj¥g£l g¤âu« x‹¿š bjh©lk©ly¤J¥ òHš nfh£l¤J PhÆW eh£L¢ br‹d¥g£od« v‹W fhz¥gL« F¿¥ò F¥g« efukhf kh‰w« bg‰w tuyh‰iw¡ TW»wJ khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-4 A-55

42. jÄHh¡f« jUf. 1. Barking dogs seldom bite. 2. Empty vessel makes much noice. 3. All that glitters is not gold. 4. Calm after the storm. 43. ã‹tU« jiy¥òfËš VnjD« x‹¿š 8 tÇfËš fÉij òidf. kÆš (mšyJ) thdÉš gFâ - V ã‹tU« Édh¡fS¡F ïU g¡f§fS¡F Äfhkš Éil jUf. [3 × 6 = 18] 44. (m) v¢.V. »U£ozdh® ‘»¿¤jt¡ f«g®jh‹’ v‹gij¢ rh‹W fh£o ÃWîf. (mšyJ) (M) ‘ïâš bt‰¿bgw’ ghlš fU¤ij vGJf. 45. (m) fÉijÆ‹ eilia¡ f£lik¡F« mH»aš TWfis vL¤J¡fh£o És¡Ff. (mšyJ) (M) ïiwa‹ò ï.M.g. TW« ÃUthf nkyh©ik¡ fU¤J¡fis ÉtÇ. 46. (m) kfheofiu¡ f©l ghyrªâuÅ‹ kdnth£l¤ij ea¤Jl‹ vGJf. (mšyJ) (M) ghuâÆ‹ foj« thÆyhf Ú§fŸ m¿ªJ bfh©l bkhÊ¥g‰W, r_f¥g‰W M»ait g‰¿ ÉtÇ. gFâ - V [1 × 4 = 4] [1 × 2 = 2] m okhwhkš brŒíŸ toÉš vGJf. 47. (m) ‘ghjf®’ vd¤ Jt§F« »U£ozdh® ghliy vGJf. (M) ‘e‹¿’ v‹W Jt§F« Fwis vGJf. A-56 jÄœ-12

ÉilfŸ khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ - 4 1. (ï) mŒa¥g‹ khjt‹ 2. (M) r¤âa_®¤â  3. (ï) ád«v‹D« nr®ªjhiu¡ bfhšÈ ïd«v‹D« 6. (<) c.nt. rhÄehjŒa® 9. (m) MáÇa¥gh Vk¥ òizia¢ RL«. 12. (m) áthÍfnzr‹ 4. (m) ïuhk‹ 5. (M) ïiwa‹ò 7. (M) ïu£il¡»sÉ 8. (<) mW¤njh« 10. (M) ïs§nfhtofŸ 11. (m) Rit 13. (ï) AhÈî£ 14. (ï) mwbe¿¢rhu«  (gFâ II) ãÇî - 1 15. Mlš Mrh‹, fÉP‹, ahœ Mrh‹, ïir Mrh‹, j©Qik Mrh‹, FHš Mrh‹ M»nah® khjÉíl‹ Mlyu§»‰F tªjd®. 16. e« kdkhdJ f©lgo âÇa¡ToaJ. mjid mj‹ ngh¡»š Élhkš, ÔatÊÆš bršyhkš ešy tÊÆš brŒa it¥gnj m¿îilikahF«. 17. • rtÇ, ïuhkid¥ òfœªJ m‹ã‹ fÅÉdhš mUÉ ïÊtJ nghy¡ f©Ù® to¤jhŸ. (ïuhkid¡ f©ljhš) “v‹ bghŒahd cyf¥g‰W mʪjJ, mst‰w fhy« eh‹ nk‰bfh©oUªj jt« gȤjJ v‹ ãwÉ xʪjJ.” v‹W T¿dhŸ. • nt©oa všyh« bfh©LtªJ mtŸ ïuhk ïy¡FtU¡F ÉUªJ brŒÉ¡f, mt®fS« ÉUªij V‰wd®. 18. Mdªj«, m‰g¤jd«, nrh®î, ÉÊ¥òz®î M»at‰iw vâ®ghuhj ÉUªâd®fŸ vd %Ä cUtf¥gL¤J»wh®. ãÇî - 2 19. bkhÊÆ‹ jÅ¢áw¥ghd TWfS« mt‰iw¡ ifahS»w tifikfS« fÉijÆ‹ cªJ r¡âahf mik»‹wd. bkhÊ¡FŸ ïU¡F« xU tÈik Ä¡f M‰wš fÉij¡fhf, ïy¡»a¤J¡fhf¤ j‹id btË¥gL¤â¡ bfhŸ»wJ. fÉijÆ‹ ïa§fh‰wšjh‹ eil vd¥gL»wJ. 20. gy bkhÊf£F¤ jiyikí«, Ä¡f nkjikí« cila bkhÊ e« jÄœbkhÊ eh£oš tH§F« gy bkhÊfËY« jiyik rh‹w ca®bkhÊ e« jÄœbkhÊ. jŤJ ïa§F« M‰wš cŸs bkhÊ jÅbkhÊ âUªâa g©ò«, Ó®¤j ehfÇfK« bghUªâa öabkhÊ, br«bkhÊ e« jÄœ bkhÊ. vdnt jÄœbkhÊ ‘ca®jÅ¢ br«bkhÊ’ v‹W ÃWî»wh® gÇâah®. 21. (m) bjh‹ik¢ áw¥òilajhf ïU¡f nt©L«. (M) bjhÊšts« bfh©oU¡f nt©L«. (ï) tÂf« áw¡f VJthf V‰Wkâ, ïw¡Fkâ òÇa cÇa JiwKf trâ nt©L«. (<) áwªj Fok¡fis cilajhf ïU¡f nt©L«. (c) eåd bjhÊšE£g trâfSl‹ ÄËu nt©L«. ï¤jifa jFâfŸ cila efunk cyf¥òfœ bg‰w áwªj efukhF«. A-81

ãÇî - 3 22. jiyik¥ g©ã‰fhd jFâfŸ F¿¤J¥ gF¤jhŒjš, nkyh©ik¡ TWfis m¿jš áwªjJ. 23. • mÂfË‹ ïy¡fz¤ij¡ TW« üšfSŸ Kj‹ikahdJ j©oay§fhu«. • ïªüš K¤jf«, Fsf«, bjhifÃiy, bjhl®Ãiy M»a brŒíŸ tiffis¡ TW»wJ. • ïªeh‹fDŸ bjhl®Ãiy v‹D« tif, fh¥ãa¤ij¡ F¿¥gjhF«. • bjhl®Ãiy xU ghliyí« k‰bwhU ghliyí« brhšyhY«, bghUshY« bjhl®ò V‰gL¤J« brŒíŸ tifia¡ F¿¡F«. • ïJ bghUŸbjhl®Ãiy, brhšbjhl®Ãiy v‹W ïUtif¥gL«. • (v.fh.) bghUŸbjhl®Ãiy - áy¥gâfhu«, f«guhkhaz« brhšbjhl®Ãiy - mªjhâ ïy¡»a§fŸ 24. FHªijÆ‹ mGifia kh‰w, jhŒ thiH¥gH« jªjhŸ. 25. (m) g©ò¤bjhif (M) ïUbgabuh£L¥ g©ò¤bjhif 26. (m) jÉ®¤jd = jÉ® + ¤ + ¤ + m‹ + m jÉ® - gFâ ¤ - rªâ ¤ - ïwªjfhy ïilÃiy m‹ - rhÇia m - gyÉ‹ghš ÉidK‰W ÉFâ (M) ïa‰¿ = ïa‰W + ï ïa‰W - gFâ ï - Éidba¢r ÉFâ 27. òšnkš gl®ªj gŤJËia¡ f©L. ò£fŸ mŠá¥ gwªjd. 28. gwit ïiuahf¥ gÆW tiffis¤ â‹D«. 29. ntiyÆš nr®ªJ Kjš M©il Ãiwî brŒJÉ£lhš Ãuªju« M»ÉL«. 30. cŸeh£L th}®â A-82 jÄœ-12

ENGLISH QUESTION PAPER DESIGN (Strictly based on Reduced Syllabus for 2022 Board Exams) Part Types of Questions Marks No. of Questions Total to be Answered Marks Synonyms, Antonyms, Compound word, 1 20 20 Abbreviations & Acronyms, Foreign word, 2 48 Part Blended word, Clipped word, Definition, Affixes, 2 36 I Relative Pronoun, Preposition, Question tag, Idioms, Euphemistic expression/Polite alternative, Sentence pattern, Phrasal Verb Section I (Poetry two-mark questions) Part Section II II (Reporting the dialogue, Combine using ‘if’, Inversion of conditional clause, Transformation of sentences into simple, compound and complex) Section I 326 (ERC questions) Part Section II 3 26 III (Prose 3-mark questions) 3 39 5 Section III 7 35 (Pie chart, Tables and Graphs, Dialogue writing Total Marks 90 Describing the process, Completion of Proverbs) Prose paragraph, Poem paragraph, Developing Part Hints, Summary or Note-making, IV Letter writing or essay writing, Spotting errors, Fill in the blanks, Identifying fields, Paragraph Comprehension B-1

1Sample Paper- Time: 2 ½ Hours (SOLVED) Maximum Marks: 90 Part - I I. Answer all the questions. [20 × 1= 20] [Answers are in Bold] Choose the correct synonyms for the underlined words from the options given: 1. She caused great peril to herself. (a) frill (b) danger (c) shrill (d) safety 2. I could not bear to intrude upon their privacy. (a) protect (b) help (c) predate (d) encroach 3. He had a malignant tumour of the bone. (a) harmful (b) harmless (c) helpful (d) friendly Choose the correct antonyms for the underlined words from the options given: 4. I must not interfere with their liberty to sleep in quiet. (a) solemnity (b) tranquillity (c) noise (d) quietude 5. Before we could caution, he fell down. (a) inform (b) climb (c) heedlessness (d) risk 6. They go through mutilating surgery. (d) healing (a) crippling (b) maiming (c) paralysing 7. Choose the correct combination for the compound word “house arrest”. (a) Noun + Verb (b) Verb + Noun (c) Gerund + Noun (d) Preposition+ Noun 8. Choose the correct expansion of M. Phil. (a) Master of Philosophy (b) Master of Philology (c) Mistress of Philosophy (d) Mistress of Philology 9. Choose the meaning of the foreign word in the sentence: Our daughter is going to turn 5 next year, so we’ve been trying to find a good kindergarten for her. (a) kindled (b) school (c) creche (d) Children’s garden 10. Choose the correct combination for the blended word “travelogue”. (a) tra + velogue (b) travel + dialogue (c) travel + monologue (d) travel + catalogue 11. Choose the clipped form for “helicopter”. (a) helio (b) coter (c) copter (d) hecopter 12. I have the fear of high buildings. I suffer from ............................ . (a) batophobia (b) linguistics (c) phonology (d) photophobia 13. Form a derivative by adding the right prefix to the word ‘agree’. (a) en (b) in (c) dis (d) re B-3

14. Fill in the blanks with a suitable relative pronoun. This is the town ................... I spent my childhood (a) which (b) where (c) when (d) that 15. Fill in the blanks with a suitable preposition. Since our school was next to our house, I used to come home ........ lunch time. (a) by (b) from (c) of (d) in 16 . Choose the correct question tag for the following statement. Danny was relaxed, ............................? (a) wasn’t he (b) isn’t he (c) doesn’t he (d) weren’t he 17. Choose the suitable meaning or idiom found in the following sentence. It’s important to be on good terms with your teammates in an office. (a) get in (b) get along (c) to be safe (d) to be alert 18. Substitute the underlined word with the appropriate polite alternative. Raghav is drunk. (a) merry (b) sensitive (c) relieved (d) tender 19. Choose the correct sentence pattern for the following sentence. (d) SVO Next morning, coming out of our hotel, we saw our friends. (a) ASVCA (b) AASVO (c) SVOC 20. Fill in the blank with a suitable phrasal verb. The Opposition party ..................... the minister’s resignation after the scandal broke. (a) called in (b) ask for (c) called (d) called for Part II/ Section - 1 Read the following sets of poetic lines and answer any four from it. [4 × 2 = 8] 21. “the quest of lucre beyond a few easy needs has twisted good enough men sometimes into dry thwarted worms.” (a) What do you mean by ‘quest for lucre’? (b) What is the result of such a quest? (a) ‘Quest for lucre’ means seeking money in a dishonourable way. ( b) Such a quest results in frustration and ruining good men. 22. ““Fear, trembling Hope, and Death, the skeleton, And Time the shadow”, and though weak the verse That would thy beauty fain, oh, fain rehearse, May Love defend tree from oblivion’s curse.” (a) What does the poet mean by the expression ‘May love defend thee from oblivion’s curse?’ (b) What does the poet convey through the expression ‘Fear, trembling hope’? (a) In this context, ‘oblivion’s curse’ means the inability to be forgotten. So it means that the tree should be remembered out of love and love should shield the tree against the curse of forgetfulness. (b) Fear and trembling hope mean the fear of lurking death and trembling hope is that death may not attack in the near future. B-4 English – XII

23. “Then a soldier, full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard, Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel, Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannon’s mouth.” (a) What is the soldier ready to do? (b) Explain ‘bubble reputation’. (a) The soldier is ready to lay down his life. (b) Reputation is a transitory thing. It means that reputation doesn’t last a minute like the life of a bubble. 24. “Little remains: but every hour is saved From that eternal silence, something more, A bringer of new things; and vile it were” (a) How is every hour important to Ulysses? (b) What does the term ‘Little remains’ convey? (a) One lives in this world for a limited time. Every hour can provide new knowledge. So, every hour is very important. (b) Ulysses realizes that he has become old. He has not much time left. He doesn’t want to die resting in his kingdom. He states that his remaining lifetime is very limited. 25. “Tell him solitude is creative if he is strong and the final decisions are made in silent rooms.” (a) Can being in solitude help a strong human being? How? (b) Identify the figure of speech in the above line. (a) Yes, solitude helps the strong person to be creative, introspect and analyse his/her own mistakes. (b) Personification 26. “But not because of its magnificence Dear is the Casuarina to my soul: Beneath it we have played; though years may roll,” (a) What makes the tree dear to the poet? (b) What is the poet unable to forget despite the passage of years? (a) As children, the poet and her friends had played under the tree. This experience has made the tree dear to the poet. (b) The poet is unable to forget the wonderful time she had under the tree with her friends. Section - 2 Answer any three of the following questions. [3 × 2 = 6] 27. Report the disclosure. Mrs. Joseph : Rachel, where did you buy this practical file from? Can you buy one for me? Rachel : Sure ma’am. Do you want exactly the same file? Sample Paper - 1 B-5

Mrs. Joseph asked Rachel where she had bought that practical file from and if she could buy one for her. Rachel agreed and asked if she wanted exactly the same file. 28. I drop this glass. It will break. (combine using ‘if’) If I drop this glass, it will break. 29. Rewrite the sentence making an inversion in the conditional clause. If I had known about Mr Leslie’s behaviour sooner, I would have dismissed him immediately. Had I known about Mr. Leslie’s behaviour sooner, I would have dismissed him immediately. 30. Russia has a variety of natural resources, including oil, natural gas, timber, iron ore, copper, and lead. (Rewrite into a compound sentence) Russia has a variety of natural resources and it includes oil, natural gas, timber, iron ore, copper, and lead. Part-III / Section - 1 Explain any two of the following with reference to the context [2 × 3 = 6] 31. A creeper climbs, in whose embraces bound No other tree could live. Reference: These words are from the poem ‘Our Casuarina Tree” written by Toru Dutt. Context: The poet says this while appreciating the strength of her Casuarina tree. Explanation: The creeper saps the tree for its survival and growth but the tree treats the creeper’s tight hold as a lover’s embrace. It ignores bite marks of love. It allows the creeper to lean on its trunk and live. The tree also grows stout and strong. 32. And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slipper’d pantaloon, Reference: These lines are from the poem, ‘All the world’s a stage” written by William Shakespeare. Context: The poet says these words while describing the impact of ageing on the physical appearance. Explanation: In the sixth stage, man becomes thin and weak. His fashionable dresses of youthful days have now become too lose to use for his shrunk shank (i.e.) legs that have become very lean with age. 33. How dull it is to pause, to make an end, To rust unburnished, not to shine in use! Reference: These lines are from the poem, ‘Ulysses” written by Alfred Tennyson. Context: The poet says these words while discussing the mental agony of Ulysses who is unable to settle down with his ageing wife Penelope and son Telemachus. Explanation: Ulysses finds doling out justice to a savage people as ‘boring’. He does not want to settle down and die in Ithaca. He compares himself to a sword which may rust if left unused. He wants to lead an active and adventurous life till his death. B-6 English – XII

Section - 2 Answer any two of the following questions in about 30 words. [2 × 3 = 6] 34. How did the boy who played the mechanic lose his eyesight? The mechanic was seven years old. One night, when his drunk father tortured his mom, she threw a lantern at him. The lantern broke over the child’s head and shoulders. He suffered third degree burns on the upper part of his body and lost eyesight in both eyes. 35. Describe the appearance of Nicola and Jacopo. One boy had worn Jersey and cut-off khaki pants. The other had a shortened army tunic gathered in loose folds about his skinny frame. They had tangled hair and dark earnest eyes. 36. What will happen if the police man does not interfere with traffic? If the traffic police does not interfere with the driving in any way, the result will be chaos. Piccadilly Circus would then be a maelstrom which no one would be able to cross. Answer any three of the following. Section - 3 [3 × 3 = 9] 37. Study the pie-chart given Mr. Narayanan’s Budget and answer the questions that follow: Food 25% Educ2a5ti%on Enterta3i0n%ment 1He5al%th Sav5in%gs (a) What gets the maximum attention in Narayanan’s home? (b) Does the family spend a lot on education? (c) What is your opinion about Narayanan’s spending habit? (a) Entertainment gets the maximum attention in Narayanan’s home. (b) No, the family spends 25% of the income on education. (c) Narayanan is wise. He is aware of the importance of education and nutritious food for the family. He spends 50% of his income on food and education. 38. Write a dialogue of minimum 3 exchanges between a Patient and a Clinic Receptionist. Patient : Is Dr. Madhusudhan available this evening? I have some important things to be clarified from him regarding my surgery. Receptionist : I am sorry madam, he is out of station and is expected to see patients from Thursday. Patient : Can I fix an appointment for Friday, please? Receptionist : Yes sir. You may please confirm the appointment for Friday at 6 p.m. Patient : Thank you. Receptionist : No mention. Please be here half an hour before time. 39. Describe the process of making the perfect brownies. In a medium bowl, combine the flour, sugar and cocoa powder. In another small bowl, whisk together the butter and eggs. Sample Paper - 1 B-7

Add the egg mixture into the flour mixture, and stir it well till it is mixed thoroughly. Bake the brownies in an electric oven for 25 to 35 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean. 40. Complete the proverbs using the words given below: (a) Even Homer ................. . (slips, sleeps, nods) (b) It’s no use crying over spilt ................. . (coffee, milk, water) (c) No man is an ................. . (island, enigma, expert) (a) nods (b) milk (c) island Part - IV Answer the following questions: [7 × 5 = 35] Answer in a paragraph in about 150 words. 41. Give an account of the medical problems for which the two boys were hospitalized. The seven years old mechanic suffered third degree burns on the upper part of his body. He had lost both his eyes. He was literally a walking horror. He was disfigured. A long flap of skin was hanging from the side of his neck to his body. As the wound healed around his neck, his lower jaw became gripped in a mass of fibrous tissue. The trolley driver had a malignant tumour of the bone. A few days before the race, his shoulder and arm were amputated. There was little hope of his recovery. If two adults had similar ailments, they would have got dejected with life. But the boys were just happy celebrating the joy of being alive. [OR] “My right to swing my fist ends, where your nose begins.” Elucidate with reference to, ‘On the Rule of the Road’. Rights are not completely individual affairs. In order to enjoy one’s rights one has to respect the rights of others too. The lady in Petrograd had the right to walk on the pavement. The right to move stops when the other person’s right to drive starts. A person may have a walking stick and roll it too. But his right just stops where the other person’s nose begins. No one has the right to violate the rights of others. The right, one exercises, must not affect or erode the rights of others. One should not think of one’s own rights but also the rights of others. A.G.Gardiner beautifully illustrates this idea by emphasising the metaphor of traffic rules. Rules of road are in fact rules of politeness and unselfishness. One may have absolute freedom in the choice of food, religion, fashionable dress, up keep of hair, funny hairstyle, etc. But one must be conscious of the rights of others. So, the statement “my right to swing my fist ends, where your nose begins” fits well with the central theme of the essay ‘ On the Rule of the Road’. 42. The poet immortalizes the Casuarina tree. Elucidate. The poet, Toru Dutt was conscious of the fact that her most endeared Casuarina tree was growing old. The fate that befalls aged humans and trees would ultimately grab the Casuarina tree too. Time, though slow, is ready with its sickle to harvest the lives of all living things. Being a well-read poet, she recalls how William Wordsworth had immortalised his favourite lonely tall yew tree in his poem, “Yew-trees”. Taking inspiration from him, she decides to prevent her favourite tree from dying and passing into the irreversible world of oblivion by writing a poem about the tree. True to her faith the tree lives on in our memories. As long as tongues can speak and eyes can see, the Casuarina tree will live in the hearts of millions of people till the end of the world. B-8 English – XII

[OR] How according to the poet is it possible for his son to bring changes into a world that resents change? The poet advises his son to introspect often and not feel ashamed of being called a fool especially when he pursues knowledge. He can examine himself and remove his follies. He must enjoy the advantages of solitude. Solitude would help him to be creative. He would invariably learn that final decisions are always taken in silent rooms. Being alone, he can identify his innate potential and talents. His free imagination will bring about changes even if the world resents them. The zest to bring about changes will elevate him to the level of Shakespeare, Pasteur, Wright Brothers, Pavlov and Michael Faraday. Thus he will be remembered as one of the greatest men who changed the world. 43. Write a paragraph of about 150 words by developing the following hints into a paragraph: Aksionov – blood-stained knife – wife’s suspicion-Tsar – Makar Semyonich – murder charges – twenty six long years – belated freedom – restoration of justice – cold-blooded murderer – blood-stained knife – changes his attitude – pardon arrives – before release. Aksionov, a handsome man, full of life, enjoyed music. He loved his family and did honest business. He is innocent to the core. The very sight of blood-stained knife found in his bag sends chill down his spine. He is deeply sensitive. When he realizes that his wife too suspected him, he gives up petitioning to the Tsar for mercy. He recognized Makar Semyonich the person who had murdered the merchant and had him framed in murder charges and unjustly punished for twenty six long years.When an opportunity presents to wreak vengeance on him, he keeps quiet. He does not show any interest in his belated freedom and restoration of justice. He seeks refuge in God. Makar Semyonich is a cold-blooded murderer and scoundrel. Knowingly, he hides the blood-stained knife in Aksionov’s bag and tips off the police. He doesn’t confess his guilt on the day he meets Aksionov. It is only when he realizes that Aksionov is a noble soul and does not want to expose his plan to escape from the prison that he changes his attitude to Aksionov. He is haunted by guilt that he had wronged a noble soul. He confesses but it is in vain. The pardon arrives but Aksionov passes away in prison before release. [OR] Ausable, private detective – automatic gun – Berlin – nice story – balcony – displeasure – hotel management – Ausable’s room – times of danger – pre-ordered drinks – blatant lie – Max jumped – suicidal jump – outwitted the spy. Ausable was a shrewd private detective. He did not become panicky on seeing Max with an automatic gun in his room. Even if he were, he did not show it off. Instead, he expressed surprise that he expected him to be in Berlin. He cooked up a nice story that it was the second time someone had broken into his room through the balcony of the neighbouring apartment which reaches down under his window. He expressed his displeasure that he would raise hell with the hotel management for not blocking that balcony. This gave a strong suggestion to Max, that he could have used the balcony instead of the pass key to enter Ausable’s room. Being a criminal or spy, a person always looks for various routes of escape in times of danger. Very rarely he starts direct encounter risking his life. When Henry, the waiter who arrived with the pre-ordered drinks, knocked, Mr. Ausable simply smiled. When Max asked who it was, he told a blatant lie that it was the police who had come for Sample Paper - 1 B-9

his extra protection and wouldn’t hesitate to fire as the door wasn’t locked but just closed. Max, assuming that there is a balcony extending below Ausable’s window, jumped. He never knew that it was a suicidal jump from the 6th floor. Thus, Ausable outwitted the spy, Max. 44. Write a summary or make notes of the following passage. The Cacti, a native in American deserts, adapts to the dry surroundings by having unique body structures. The plant has swollen stems to help store water that carries it through months. By having sharp pines instead of leaves, water loss through respiration is minimized. Besides, these pointed pines also help the plant ward off grazing animals, thus enhancing its survival period. Besides plants, there are also animals with distinct surviving tactics in deserts too. For instance, Skinks (desert lizards ) metabolize stored fats in their bulbous tails, producing water to supplement their needs, just like what camels do with the stored food in their humps during long journeys through deserts. Antelopes like the addax, have very low water needs and hence are able to tolerate the conditions in deserts, extracting moisture from the food they eat. Finally, there are the sandgrouses (desert birds) which do not have special features to overcome the drought-like nature in deserts. Hence, to survive in these hot, dry deserts, they need to spend a large part of their time flying in search of waterholes. Summary No. of words given in the original passage: 179 No. of words to be written in the summary: 179/3 = 59 ± 5 Rough Draft The American Cacti has unique swollen stems with pointed spikes to store water and to prevent animals from grazing them. Besides plants, there are also animals with distinct surviving tactics in deserts too. Skinks metabolize stored fats in their tails similar to humps of camels. Antelopes like the addax, have very low water needs. Sandgrouses (desert birds) which do not have special features to overcome the drought-like nature in deserts. Hence they fly in search of waterholes. Fair Draft Drought Resistant Species The American Cacti has unique swollen stems with pointed spikes to store water and to prevent animals from grazing them. Skinks metabolize stored fats in their tails similar to humps of camels. Antelopes extract moisture from the food they eat. Sandgrouse do not have special features hence they fly in search of waterholes. No. of words in the summary: 53 Note - making Title: Drought Resistant Species Drought resistant plants: The Cacti: swollen stem with sharp pines; pointed pines ensures safety from grazing animals. Drought resistant animals: Skinks: retains fat in tail Antelopes: extract moisture from food. Sandgrouses – No special features, spends long time in waterholes. B-10 English – XII

45. You are Rahul/Ranjini of Trichy. As the teacher in-charge of an excursion party that your school is sending on an educational tour to Ajanta and Elora Caves during the Christmas vacation write a letter of enquiry to Best Tours & Travels, Trichy seeking information regarding transport, accommodation etc. 12 October, 2021 From Ranjini R. 7th Main Road, Anbu Nagar Trichy To M/s Happy Tours & Travels 11, Thendral Nagar Trichy Sir, Sub: Seeking information regarding transport, accommodation etc. Adithya Vidhya Niketan Matric Higher Secondary School, Trichy is planning an educational tour of students and teachers to the world famous caves of Ajanta and Elora. The tour party will consist of 40 senior students, two teachers and a peon. We would appreciate if you provide us the specific information regarding the following things at the earliest: 1. Type of transport to be provided 2. Rates for AC and Non-AC coaches 3. Rates for budget-accommodation 4. Rates for dormitory accommodation, if any. 5. Separate two rooms for teachers and the peon The itinerary is as follows: Dec 20: Departure from Trichy Dec 27: Back to Trichy We expect complete transparency. No hidden charges, please. Any other details regarding the educational tour will be appreciated. Yours faithfully, Ranjini R. To M/s Best Tours & Travels 8, Thendral Nagar Trichy [OR] Write a paragraph of 150 words on “Decision making is a challenge”. Decision making is a challenge Decision making is a process that plays a vital role in our daily lives. Some decisions are not very important whereas other imperative decisions, when cautiously carried out, can change the path of our lives. When faced with a crisis, one of the major issues is deciding the right thing. Decision making can be quite complicated and challenging in some cases. Sample Paper - 1 B-11

It is hence essential to gather as much information from different sources and assess all possible alternatives to the problem or situation at hand before making a decision. Doing so will permit us to land at the best possible result for the problem. Such decisions can’t be an overnight one. It takes a couple of months to investigate and consult with friends, family and university professors to make a decision. Low cost tuition fee and the course time are also a big influence in taking decisions. An advantage of such decisions can only be an outcome of research and discussion and there is no conflict in that. This significantly decreases the probability of risk in any decision making. If a decision is made correct and one is quite pleased with the way it is turning out to be then one has crossed all barriers. It is imperative that one makes decisions in consultation with parents opinions and check on other surveys and researches to avoid challenges. 46. Spot the errors and rewrite the sentences correctly (a) Ten years are a long time. (b) For the last three weeks the shop is closed. (c) How long it takes to send a letter to Australia. (d) One of the thieves were arrested. (e) Neither the passenger nor the driver were injured in the accident. (a) Ten years is a long time. (b) For the past three weeks the shop is closed. (c) How long does it take to send a letter to Australia? (d) One of the thieves was arrested. (e) Neither the passenger nor the driver was injured in the accident. [OR] Fill in the blanks correctly. (a) Its such a beautiful ............(sight/site) to wake up in the morning and watch the ............(see/sea) (b) The kids ................ like carrots, but I’m not sure. (Use a modal in the given blank.) (c) They .................... have returned home by now.(Use a semi-modal) (d) I ..................... (read) Nathaniel Hawthorne soon. (use the proper tense) (a) sight/sea (b) might (c) ought to (d) will be reading 47. Identify each of the following sentences with the fields given below: (a) A baby less than a month old has received a pacemaker. (b) Did an asteroid hit south India millions of years ago? (c) In 1988, the first Shatabdi Express was introduced between New Delhi and Jhansi. (d) Sometimes A-class facilities are extended to even those imprisoned. (e) Taxis are mobile spaces that enable strangers to be physically proximate for a short time. [Astronomy, Legal, Transportation, Medicine, Tourism] (a) Medicine (b) Astronomy (c) Tourism (d) Legal (e) Transportation B-12 English – XII

[OR] Read the following passage and answer the questions in your own words. This sequel to Anne of Green Gables follows Anne Shirley, a young Canadian orphan. Anne was sent to live with the Cuthberts, a brother and sister who have a farm on Prince Edward Island, Canada. In Anne of Avonlea, written in 1909, Anne is 16 years old and is going to teach school for the first time in the town of Avonlea. When Anne reached the school that morning . . . for the first time in her life she had traversed the Birch Path deaf and blind to its beauties . . . all was quiet and still. The preceding teacher had trained the children to be in their places at her arrival, and when Anne entered the schoolroom she was confronted by prim rows of “shining morning faces” and bright, inquisitive eyes. She hung up her hat and faced her pupils, hoping that she did not look as frightened and foolish as she felt and that they would not perceive how she was trembling. She had sat up until nearly twelve the preceding night composing a speech she meant to make to her pupils upon opening the school. She had revised and improved it painstakingly, and then she had learned it off by heart. It was a very good speech and had some very fine ideas in it, especially about mutual help and earnest striving after knowledge. The only trouble was that she could not now remember a word of it. After what seemed to her a year . . . about ten seconds in reality . . . she said faintly, “Take your Testaments, please,” and sank breathlessly into her chair under cover of the rustle and clatter of desk lids that followed. While the children read their verses Anne marshalled her shaky wits into order and looked over the array of little pilgrims to the Grownup Land. Questions: a. List any one example from the passage that shows Anne nervous on her first day of teaching school. b. Where and with whom did Anne Shirley live with? c. How old was Anne when she started to teach in the town of Avonlea? d. How was Anne treated when she entered her schoolroom? e. What did Anne do the previous night to starting school teaching? Ans:( a) “The only trouble was that she could not now remember a word” of her speech. (b) Anne Shirley lived with the Cuthberts, a brother and sister who have a farm on Prince Edward Island, Canada. (c) Anne was 16 years old, when she was going to teach school for the first time in the town of Avonlea. (d) When Anne entered the schoolroom she was confronted by prim rows of “shining morning faces” and bright, inquisitive eyes. (e) Anne had sat up till twelve the preceding night composing a speech on mutual help and earnest striving after knowledge. She meant to make to her pupils upon opening the school. She had revised and improved it painstakingly, and then she had learned it by heart. Sample Paper - 1 B-13

4Sample Paper- Time: 2 ½ Hours (UNSOLVED) Maximum Marks: 90 I. Answer all the questions. PART - I [20 × 1= 20] Choose the correct synonyms for the underlined words from the options given: 1. Dr. Barnard had a perforated lung. (a) inflated (b) shrunk (c) inebriated (d) pinpricked 2. The amalgamation of man and machine is sure to add a new dimension to life. (a) recreation (b) integration (c) exploration (d) proposition 3. With a smile she bade me look through the partition. (a) requested (b) humbled (c) humiliated (d) ordered Choose the correct antonyms for the underlined words from the options given: 4. There was only a threelegged stool to churn curd. (a) mix (b) chill (c) curdle (d) make 5. A stout old lady was walking. (a) obese (b) brittle (c) lean (d) fat 6. If you are a reasonable person, you would understand liberty. (a) fair (b) sound (c) logical (d) unreasonable 7. Choose the correct combination for the compound word ‘downfall’. (a) Noun+ Verb (b) Verb+Noun (c) Gerund +Noun (d) Preposition + Noun 8. Choose the correct expansion of SALT. (a) Strategy Arms Limited Treaty (b) Strategic Automatic Limitation Treaty (c) Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (d) Strategy Arms Limitation Treaty 9. Choose the meaning of the foreign word in the sentence: My friends say that dancing the waltz is easy, but I can’t do it. (a) informal dance (b) formal dance (c) folk dance (d) ballet 10. Choose the right combination for the blended word ‘Blog ’. (a) Web + log (b) Bleach + log (c) Blended +log (d) Bloated + log 11. Choose the clipped word for ‘advertisement’. (a) advt (b) ad (c) adment (d) advtment 12. One who is concerned with usefulness is .............................. . (a) Pragmatist (b) Journalist (c) Monotonist (d) Algebraist 13. Form a derivative by adding the right suffix to the word “slack”. (a) –ly (b) –en (c) –ful (d) –ment B-36

14. Fill in the blanks with a suitable relative pronoun. A pleasant-looking woman ........................ wore steel-rimmed spectacles appeared. (a) which (b) whom (c) whose (d) who 15. Fill in the blanks with a suitable preposition. All candidates are looking forward .............................. the announcement of results. (a) for (b) with (c) to (d) on 16. Choose the correct question tag for the following statement. Carol can cope with her studies, ...........................? (a) can’t she (b) wouldn’t she (c) shouldn’t she (d) was she 17. Choose the suitable meaning or idiom found in the following sentence. I must get all the ducks in a row before my final exams. (a) caring for ducks (b) getting disoriented (c) getting freebies (d) getting things well organized 18. Substitute the underlined word with the appropriate polite alternative. The lavatory is in the ground floor. (a) toilet (b) bathroom (c) restroom (d) urinal 19. Choose the correct sentence pattern for the following sentence. Creamy milk always gives tea a sickly taste. (a) SAVOA (b) SVAA (c) SVOAA (d) SVCA 20. Fill in the blank with a suitable phrasal verb. We ........................ them in the windy and deserted square. (a) looked back (b) pooped out (c) came upon (d) narrowed down Part II/ Section - 1 [4 × 2 = 8] Read the following sets of poetic lines and answer any four from it. 21. “This is my son, mine own Telemachus, To whom I leave the sceptre and the isle Well-loved of me,” (a) Who does Ulysses entrust his kingdom to, in his absence? (b) Bring out the significance of the ‘sceptre’. 22. “A gray baboon sits statue-like alone Watching the sunrise; while on lower boughs His puny offspring leap about and play;” (a) What is called a baboon? (b) What is curious about the baboon? 23. “Yet all experience is an arch wherethrough Gleams that untravelled world, whose margin fades For ever and for ever when I move.” (a) What is experience compared to? (b) How do the lines convey that the experience is endless? Sample Paper - 4 B-37

24. “And then the lover, Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad Made to his mistress’ eyebrow.” (a) What does the lover do for his mistress? (b) Explain, ‘sighing like furnace’. 25. “Life is a soft loam; be gentle; go easy. And this too might serve him.” (a) Why does the poet suggest to take life easy? (b) Identify the figure of speech in the above line. 26. “For your sakes, shall the tree be ever dear. Blent with your images, it shall arise In memory, till the hot tears blind mine eyes!” (a) Whose images bring out hot tears? (b) What blinds the poets’ eyes? Section - 2 [3 × 2 = 6] Answer any three of the following questions. 27. Report the following dialogue: Mohan : Where is your school in Russia? Sunil : It is in Rostov. Have you been there? 28. The receptionist should be careful. Otherwise she will lose her job. (combine using if) 29. Rewrite the sentence making an inversion in the conditional clause. If the negotiations were to fall through, it would bring about unforeseen problems. 30. Annual plants survive only one season and must be replaced each year. (Change the following into a complex sentence) Part-III/ Section - 1 [2 × 3 = 6] Explain any two of the following with reference to the context. 31. Unknown, yet well-known to the eye of faith! Ah, I have heard that wail far, far away 32. I am become a name; For always roaming with a hungry heart 33. and guide him among sudden betrayals and tighten him for slack moments. Section - 2 [2 × 3 = 6] Answer any two of the following questions in about 30 words. 34. The narrator did not utter a word and preferred to keep the secret to himself. Why? Substantiate the statement with reference to the story. 35. What happened when the doctor couple were crossing the street? 36. How would a reasonable person react when his actions affect other person’s liberty? B-38 English – XII

Section - 3 Answer any three of the following questions in about 30 words. [3 × 3 = 9] 37. Study the pie-chart given and answer the questions that follow: Percentage of Hours Spent on Activities ENTERTAINMENT SLEEP SLEEP 17% 25% SCHOOL SCHOOL JOB MEALS HOME WORK 8% 25% MEALS ENTERTAINMENT HOME WORK 8% JOB 17% (a) What does a student spend the maximum time on? (b) How much time does the student spend on entertainment? (c) On what is the least time spent on by a student? 38. Write a dialogue of minimum 3 exchanges between a doctor and a patient. 39. Describe the process of pitching a tent. 40. Complete the proverbs using the word given below. (a) Ignorance is ................. . (gain, bliss, loss) (b) Absence makes the ................. grow fonder. (mind, body, heart) (c) A chain is only as strong as its ....................... link. (weakest, strongest, lightest) Part - IV [7 × 5 = 35] Answer the following questions: Answer in a paragraph in about 150 words. 41. “These two children had given me a profound lesson …” Elucidate. [OR] Explain in your own words, “What freedom means?” 42. Describe the reminiscences of the poet, when she sees the casuarina tree. [OR] What makes Ulysses seek newer adventures? 43. Write a paragraph of about 150 words by developing the following hints: Aksionov – meek – respected – unjust punishment – culprit is the newcomer – prisoners summoned – denial – due to fear – Governor – trusted Aksionov – preferred to be quiet. [OR] Excited children – touch of sunlight – tan themselves – children persists – teacher permits – warning – great jungle – mattresses – ran among trees – squinted – blessed sea of soundlessness – children like animals. 44. Write a summary or Make notes of the following passage. 45. Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper about the nuisance created by the roadside vendors blocking the pavements and occupying the parking zone. [OR] Write a paragraph of 150 words on “Cyber safety”. Sample Paper - 4 B-39

46. Spot the errors and rewrite the sentences correctly (a) The whole range of mountains are visible from the sea. (b) Each boy and girl have received good education. (c) This is one of the best book that has been written on the subject. (d) The tour group are in the bus. (e) Five thousand bricks is what we need. [OR] Fill in the blanks correctly. (a) There is no ........... way to ..............a great novel. (right/write) (b) You .............. eat your vegetables! (Use a modal in the given blank.) (c) We .............. be reaching there before sunset.(use a semi-modal) (d) I ............... (read) Edgar Allan Poe last night. (use a proper tense) 47. Identify each of the following sentences with the fields given below: (a) The deliberate suppression of texts by organizations shrouds the subject. (b) The study of stars and stellar evolution is fundamental to our understanding of the universe. (c) This shift to farming may have occurred because of climate change. (d) Sovereign power may be vested on an individual or it may be vested on a group. (e) Some medicines may not be safe during pregnancy. [Astronomy; Medicine; Politics; Literature; Agriculture] [OR] Read the following passage and answer the questions in your own words. Galileo Galilei was born in the year 1564 in the town of Pisa, Italy. When he was 20 years old, he was studying in Pisa. His father wanted him to be a doctor, but Galileo was bored with school except for math. Because math was the one subject where he was doing well, the court mathematician offered to tutor him privately so he could become a qualified mathematician. Galileo’s father was disappointed, but he agreed. Because he needed to earn money, Galileo began experimenting with different things, trying to come up with some sort of invention that he could sell for money. He had a little bit of success with his invention that was like a compass that could be used to measure plots of land. He had already experimented with pendulums, thermometers, and magnets. When he heard that a Dutch inventor had invented something called a spyglass, but was keeping it a secret, Galileo decided to work on one of his own. Within 24 hours, he had invented a telescope that could magnify things to make them appear ten times larger than real life. One night, he pointed his telescope toward the sky, and made his first of many space observations: the moon was not smooth, like everyone thought. The moon was covered in bumps and craters. As technology has improved, first Galileo, and then many others, have made improvements on the telescope, the wonderful device that allows us to see from a distance. Questions: a. When and where was Galileo Galilei born? b. What was Galileo’s father’s desire? c. What was the observation about the moon? d. What prompted him to invent the telescope? e. What made the court mathematician offer help? B-40 English – XII

ONE-MARK & TWO-MARK ANSWERS FOR UNSOLVED SAMPLE PAPERS Sample Paper-4 Part - I 1. (d) pinpricked 2. (b) integration 3. (d) ordered 4. (a) mix 5. (c) lean 6. (d) unreasonable 7. (d) Preposition + Noun 8. (c) Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty 9. (b) formal dance 10. (a) Web + log 11. (b) ad 12. (a) Pragmatist 13. (b) –en 14. (d) who 15. (c) to 16. (a) can’t she 17. (d) getting things well organized 18. (c) restroom 19. (a) SAVOA 20. (c) came upon Part – II Section – I 21. (a) Ulysses entrusts his kingdom to his beloved son Telemachus in his absence. (b) Sceptre is an ornamental staff carried by a King on ceremonial occasions as a symbol of sovereignity. It symbolizes the power of a king. 22. (a) Baboon is a type of large monkey. (b) The baboon sits like a statue and watches sunrise from the crest of the Casuarina tree. 23. (a) Experience is compared to an arch. (b) Through the arch of experience one can see the untravelled world. The experience in the untravelled has a margin whose border fades as one moves forward. Thus experience is endless. 24. (a) The lover is always sighing and longing for his beloved. He writes a sad ballad describing the eyebrow of his mistress. (b) It means moaning, breathing deeply and sadly like a fire place. 25. (a) There are certain occasions one needs to treat life like wet clay very gently. Take life as it comes without hard resistance. The poet says, “Brutes have been gentled where lashes failed.” (b) Metaphor 26. (a) The images of siblings who died due to TB bring out hot tears. (b) Tears fill and blind her eyes. Section – II 27. Mohan asked Sunil where his school was in Russia. Sunil replied that it was in Rostov and asked Mohan if he had been there. 28. If the receptionist is not careful, she will lose her job. 29. Were the negotiations to fall through, it would bring about unforeseen problems. 30. Annual plants which survive only one season must be replaced each year. B-77

COMMERCE QUESTION PAPER DESIGN (Strictly based on Reduced Syllabus for 2022 Board Exams) Types of Questions Marks No. of Questions to be Total Marks Answered Objective type 1 20 20 Very short answers: 2 7 14 (Totally 10 questions will be given. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.) Short answers: 3 7 21 (Totally 10 questions will be given. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.) Essay type 57 35 Total 90 Internal Assessment 10 Total Marks 100 S.No. Weightage of Marks Weightage 1. 30% 2. Purpose 40% 3. Knowledge 20% 4. Understanding 10% Application Skill/Creativity C-1

Time: 3 Hours 1SAMPLE PAPER – Maximum Marks: 90 (SOLVED) PART - I [20 × 1 = 20] [Answers are in Bold] Choose the correct answer. Answer all the questions:  (d) Science 1. ..................... is a global and universal concept. (a) Management (b) Process (c) Art 2. ..................... is the subsidiary function of management. (a) Planning (b) Co-ordination (c) Innovation (d) Controlling 3. The Indian financial system can be broadly classified into ................ sector. (a) Two (b) Three (c) One (d) Four 4. Money market is a market for purely ............. . (a) Short term funds (b) Long term funds (c) Medium term funds (d) None of these 5. Which is not a foreign stock exchange? (b) Bombay stock exchange (a) London stock exchange (d) New york stock exchange (c) Tokyo stock exchange 6. Capital market do not provide ...................... . (d) Long term funds (a) short term funds (b) Debenture funds (c) equity funds 7. The internal source of recruitment are ..................... . (i) promotion (ii) e-recruitment (iii) retention (iv) advertisements (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (iii) and (iv) 8. The types of Aptitude Test are .............. . (i) Numerical Reasoning Test (ii) Attitude Test (iii) Vocabulary Test (iv) Interest Test (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii) 9. Advertisement is a ...................... sources of recruitment (a) internal (b) external (c) agent (d) out sourcing 10. Find out which is not suitable? The products marketed in commodity exchange are ...................... . (a) Crude oil (b) Rice (c) Copper (d) Gold 11. The term ‘Caveat emptor’ is a Latin term, which means ...................... . (a) Let the seller beware (b) Let the buyer beware (c) Consumer (d) Marketer 12. The consumer is the ................ of the modern marketing. (a) Manager (b) Director (c) King (d) None of these 13. The term \"consumerism\" cause into existence in the year ...................... . (a) 1960 (b) 1957 (c) 1954 (d) 1958 C-3

14. It is a situation in which a country loses its most educated and talented workers to other countries is known as ............. . (a) Liberalisation (b) Foreign trade (c) Brain Drain (d) Nationalisation 15. Which of the below is not a good? (a) stocks (b) Dividend due (c) crops (d) water 16. Negotial Instrument Act was passed in the year .................. . (a) 1981 (b) 1881 (c) 1994 (d) 1818 17. The first two stages of formation of a company are .................. . (i) Issue of prospectus (ii) Promotion (iii) Issue of share certificate (iv) Registration (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (iii) 18. A company may appoint more than 15 directors after passing a ............. resolution. (a) Special (b) Ordinary (c) Usual (d) Commanding 19. A person can hold the position of Directorship in different companies upto the maximum of .............. . (a) 15 (b) 10 (c) 18 (d) 20 20. A statutory meeting can be held within .............. months. (a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 3 PART - II Answer any seven in which question No. 30 is compulsory. [7 × 2 = 14] 21. List out the management tools. Tools of management have been developed such as, accounting, business law, psychology, statistics, econometrics, data processing, etc. 22. Write a short note about Planning. Planning is the primary function of management. Nothing can be performed without planning. Planning is a constructive reviewing of future needs so that present actions can be adjusted in view of the established goal. 23. What are the components of organized sectors? (i) Regulators (ii) Financial Institutions (iii) Financial Markets (iv) Financial Services 24. Define the term “Money Market”. According to Crowther, “The money market is the collective name given to the various firms and institutions that deal in the various grades of near money”. 25. What is meant by Stock Exchange? Stock Exchange is an organized market for the purchase and sale of industrial and financial security. It is also called stock market or share market. 26. What is E-business? If all the business transactions are carried out through internet and other online tools, it is called E-business. 27. Who is a consumer? A consumer is one who consumes goods manufactured and sold by others or created (air, water, natural resources) by nature and sold by others. C-4    Commerce – XII

28. What is promotion? Based on seniority and merits of the employees they are given opportunity to move up in the organisational hierarchy. This is called promotion. 29. Mention any two features of entrepreneurs. Features of Entrepreneurs: (i) Spirit of Enterprise: Entrepreneur should be bold enough to encounter risk arising from the venture undertaken. (ii) Self Confidence: Entrepreneur should have a self confidence in order to achieve high goals in the business. 30. What are the four stages of formation of a company? (i) Promotion (ii) Registration (iii) capital subscription (iv) commencement of business PART - III Answer any seven in which question No. 31 is compulsory. [7 × 3 = 21] 31. Differentiate Management from Administration. Basis for Management Administration Comparison Meaning An organised way of managing people The process of administrating an and things of a business organisation organisation by a group of people is called the management. is known as the administration. Authority Middle and lower level. Top level Role Executive Decisive Concerned Policy Implementation. Policy formulation. with Area of It works under administration. It has full control over the operation activities of the organisation. Applicable Profit making organisations. i.e. Government offices, military for business organisations. clubs, business enterprises, hospitals, religious and educational organisations. 32. State the importance of staffing. Staffing refers to placement of right persons in the right jobs. Staffing includes selection of right persons, training to those needy persons, promotion of best persons, retirement of old persons, performance appraisal of all the personnel, and adequate remuneration of personnel. The success of any enterprise depends upon the successful performance of staffing function. 33. What are the various kinds of Capital Market? Explain. The capital market is divided into two i.e., primary market and secondary market. 1. Primary Market: Primary market is a market for new issues or new financial claims. 2. Secondary Market: Secondary Market may be defined as the market for old securities, in the sense that securities which are previously issued in the primary market are traded here. Sample Paper - 1    C-5

34. Explain Stag and Lame Duck. (i) Stag: A stag is a cautious speculator in the stock exchange. He applies for shares in new companies and expects to sell them at a premium. (ii) Lame Duck: When a bear finds it difficult to fulfill his commitment, he is said to be struggling like a lame duck. 35. W hat is structured interview? Under this method, a series of questions to be asked by the interviewer are pre-prepared by the interviewer and only these questions are asked in the interview. 36. What is need for market and explain the concept of marketing? Market is needed for the producers and consumers. For this there are various concepts: (i) The products produced are to be marketed in the market for sales. (ii) First create a consumer and then create products. (iii) Keep respect and love customers than the products. (iv) Customer is the king of the business. 37. What are the important legislations related to consumerism in India? Consumer Legislation: (i) The Indian Contract Act, 1982 (ii) The Sale of Goods Act, 1982 (iii) The Essential Commodities Act, 1955 (iv) The Agricultural Products Grading and Marketing Act, 1937 (v) The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 (vi) Weights and Measures Act, 1958 (vii) The Trademark Act, 1999 38. State any three impacts on Globalisation. Impact of Globalization: (i) Corporations got a competitive advantage from lower operating costs, and access to new raw materials and additional markets. (ii) Multinational corporations (MNCs) can manufacture, buy and sell goods worldwide. (iii) Globalisation has led to a boom in consumer products market. 39. Distinguish between Negotiability and Assignability. S. Basis of Negotiability Assignability No. Difference 1. Legal Ownership It passes to the transferee An assignment can be made by by mere endorsement in the observing certain formalities. For case of a bearer instrument instance, an instrument is to be and by endorsement and made in writing, duly stamped delivery in the case of an and signed by the transferor or his order instrument. agent. 2. Notice Notice is not necessary for In case of actionable claim, notice the holder of negotiable of the assignment by the transferee instrument to claim the regarding the transfer of debt to payment from the debtor. the debtor is necessary. C-6    Commerce – XII

3. Nature of title Holder of negotiable The transferee’s title to the 4. Consideration instrument in due course instrument is subject to the defects gets a better title than even of the transferor’s title. In other the transferor. It means words, defects in the title of the that the transferee gets the transferor pass on to the transferee instrument free from any too. defect existing in the title of the transferor or any prior party. Consideration is presumed. The assignee has to prove the consideration for the transfer. 40. What do you understand by Issue of Securities at Premium? When shares are issued at a price above the face or nominal value, they are said to be issued at a premium. For example, a share having the face value of Rs.10 is issued at Rs.12. Here, Rs.2 is the premium. The amount of share premium has to be transferred to an account called the ‘Securities Premium Account’. PART - IV [7×5 = 35] Answer all the following questions. 41(a) Explain the features of Stock Exchange. (Any 5) There are various features of a stock exchange. They are given below: (i) Market for Securities: Stock exchange is a market, where securities of corporate bodies, government companies are bought and sold. (ii) Deals in Second Hand Securities: It deals with shares, debentures bonds and securities already issued by the companies. (iii) Regulates Trade in Securities: Stock exchange does not buy or sell any securities on its own account. It regulates the trade activities so as to ensure free and fair trade. (iv) Allows Dealings only in Listed Securities: In the stock exchange only listed securities are purchased and sold. Unlisted securities cannot be traded in the stock exchange. (v) Association of Persons: A stock exchange is an association of persons or body of individuals which may be registered or unregistered. [OR] (b) Explain internal sources of recruitment. The following are the internal sources of Recruitment (i) Transfer : The simplest way by which an employee requirement can be filled is through transfer of employee from one department with surplus staff to that of another with deficit staff. (ii) Upgrading: Performance appraisal helps in the process of moving employees from a lower position to a higher position (iii) Promotion: Based on seniority and merits of the employees they are given opportunity to move up in the organisational hierarchy Sample Paper - 1    C-7

(iv) Demotion: Movement of employee from a higher position to a lower position because of poor performance continuously to make him realise the significance of performance (v) Job rotation: One single employee managing to learn how to perform in more than one job on rotation. This familiarises the employees with all kind of jobs performed and becomes a source. 42(a) Explain the management process in detail. The substance of management should be identified as a process. A process is something that what a person does in the context of his individual duties and responsibilities assigned by his or her immediate higher authority. There are twin purposes of the management process: (i) Maximum productivity or profitability (ii) Maximum human welfare and satisfaction. There are five parts of management as a process: (i) Management is Co-Ordination: The manager of an enterprise must effectively coordinate all activities and resources of the organisation, namely, men, machines, materials and money, the four M’s of management. (ii) Management is a Process: The manager achieves proper coordination of resources by means of the managerial functions of planning, organising, staffing, directing (or leading and motivating) and controlling. (iii) Management is a Purposive Process: It is directed toward the achievement of predetermined goals or objectives. Without an objective, we have no destination to reach or a path to follow to arrive at our destination, i.e., a goal, both management and organisation must be purposive or goal-oriented. (iv) Management is a Social Process: It is the art of getting things done through other people. (v) Management is a Cyclical Process: It represents planning-action-control-replanning cycle, i.e., an ongoing process to attain the planned goals. [OR] (b) Distinguish between new issue market and secondary market. Basis For New Issue Market Secondary Market Comparison Meaning The market place for new shares is The place where formerly issued Buying called primary market. securities are traded is known as (Initial Issues Market) Secondary Market. (Resale Market) Direct Indirect Financing It supplies funds to budding It does not provide funding to enterprises and also to existing companies. companies for expansion and diversification. How can securities Only once Multiple times be sold? C-8    Commerce – XII

Buying and Selling Company and Investors Investors Investors between Gained person Company Intermediary Underwriters Brokers Price Fixed price Fluctuates, depends on the Organizational demand and supply force. difference Not rooted to any specific spot or It has physical existence. geographical location. 43(a) Discuss about the evolution of marketing. Marketing is one of the business functions. The development of marketing is evolutionary rather than revolutionary. Evolution of Marketing: (i) Barter System: The goods are exchanged against goods, without money. (ii) Production Orientation: This was a stage where producers, instead of being concerned with the consumer preferences, concentrated on the mass production of goods. (iii) Sales Orientation: The selling became the dominant factor, without any efforts for the satisfaction of the consumer needs. (iv) Marketing Orientation: Customers’ importance was realised but only as a means of disposing of goods produced. (v) Consumer Orientation: Under this stage only such products are brought forward to the markets which are capable of satisfying the tastes and preferences of consumers. [OR] (b) Explain advantages and disadvantages of E-Marketing. The advantages and disadvantages of E-Marketing are as follows : Advantages: (i) Any Time market: E - Marketing provides 24 hours and 7 days “24/7” service to its users. So consumer can shop or order the product anytime from anywhere. (ii) Direct contact of end consumer by the manufacturers cuts down the substantially intermediation cost. Thus products bought through e-marketing become cheaper. (iii) Customer can buy whatever they want/ need just by browsing the various sites. Disadvantages: (i) High Cost for E-marketing which requires a strong online advertising campaign a for which company has to spend large amount. The cost of web site design, software, hardware, maintenance of business site, online distribution costs and invested time, all must be factored into the cost of providing service or product online. (ii) It is not suitable for small size business and also deters customers from buying who lives on long distances. (iii) While the number of customers are continuously growing, companies hardly update the information on website. (iv) Many buyers are suspicious about the security of the internet. As a result, many visitors of business web sites, do not like to use their credit card to make a purchase. So there is a fear of their cards being misused by fraudulent practitioners. Sample Paper - 1    C-9