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tree of HEALING AFRICA The Crop of the Future courtesy: www.edgy.app Hemp, while it is a strain of Cannabis Sativa, was one of the first plants spun into fiber almost 10,000 years ago. Now, along with other compounds found in high concentrations of the flowers of the female plant, like CBDs, it has many industrial and medicinal applications. Hemp also happens to be great for the economy and environment. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za 25,000 Individual Hemp Products courtesy: www.hemporium.com “Hemp” refers to the industrial uses of the Cannabis Sativa plant. Hemp varieties are typically non-psychoactive and are prized for the eco-friendly fibre, biomass and nutritious seeds. Thus we are committed to showcasing all that hemp has to offer by providing quality products made from this eco-friendly and versatile plant. We are now actively lobbying for legislation change in order to allow farmers to grow this beneficial resource so that we can empower our community together. Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

HEMP From 1000 B.C. to the nineteenth century, hemp was the world's largest agricultural crop. EMPOWERMENT It was also used for paper and lamp oil. During this period, several well-known books, The History of Hemp courtesy: www.madehow.com including the Bible and Alice in Wonderland, were printed on hemp paper, and several famous artists painted on hemp canvas. The first crop in North America was planted by a French HEMP WAS THE FIRST PLANT TO BE DOMESTICALLY CULTIVATED botanist in Nova Scotia in 1606. Thomas Jefferson drafted the United States Declaration of Currently 32 countries, including Canada, Great Britain, France, and China, allow farmers Independence on hemp paper and grew hemp him-self. Two centuries later, the United States to grow industrial hemp. The current hemp market for sales and exports in North America and Canada put a stop cannabis cultivation in 1937 with the Marijuana Tax Act (this put a one is estimated at between $50-$ 100 million per year. Unites States imports of industrial dollar per ounce tax on any hemp manufacturers), which was later lifted during the World War woven fabrics made from hemp totaled $2.9 million in 1997. Import volume jumps to II effort. around $40 million when other products (such as paper, shampoo, and oil) are included. Textile uses of hemp represent 5% of hemp products Global production of hemp has been declining since the 1960s, from over 300,000 short tons produced in Canada. (272,160 t) of hemp fiber and tow in 1961 to 69,000 short tons (62,597t) in 1997. China HISTORY accounts for 36% of this production and 73% of grain production. This has dropped from Hemp was the first plant to be domestically cultivated around 8000 B.C. in 80,000 to 37, 000 short tons (72,576 to 33,566 t) over the same period. Around 1994, there Mesopotamia (present-day Turkey). Hemp was grown for fiber and food. were 23 paper mills using hemp fiber, at an estimated world production of 12,000 short tons It was recorded as being harvested in central Asia around 6500 B.C. (10,886 t) per year. Most of these mills were located in China and India for producing printing Several centuries later, China started growing hemp as a crop and later and writing paper. Others produced specialty papers, including cigarette paper. The average used it in medicine. By 2700 B.C. , the Middle East, Africa, and most of hemp pulp and paper mill produces around 5,000 short tons (4,536 t) per year, compared to Asia used hemp for fabric, rope, medicine, and food. Hemp was wood pulp mills at 250,000 short tons (226,800t) per year. introduced to Europe 400 years later. The oldest surviving piece of paper, a 100% Chinese hemp parchment, was dated toA.D. 770. Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za

HEMP EMPOWERMENT Products Manufactured From Hemp Ÿ Consumer textiles (for clothing, shoes, handbags, belts, wallets, etc.) Ÿ Industrial textiles (for rope, canvas, netting, tarps, etc.) Ÿ Building materials (including a high-quality cement/brick replacement with excellent insulating capacities called hempcrete, which is made from hemp stalks, lime, and water) Ÿ Paper (of virtually all types) Ÿ Biofuel (ethanol and biodiesel) Ÿ Industrial chemicals (lubricants, paints, solvents, varnish, etc.) Ÿ Plastics (hemp produces sturdier bioplastics than other plant-based alternatives) Ÿ Personal care products (hemp seed oil can be used to make cosmetics, shampoo, soap, lotions, etc.) Ÿ Foods (hemp seeds can be processed and turned into cereal, granola, milk, cheese, protein powder, tofu, flour, birdseed, animal feed - the list goes on and on) Ÿ Medicines (for products that contain cannabidiol (CBD), which has diverse healing and pain-relieving properties) The Many Uses Of Hemp AS AN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT, INDUSTRIAL HEMP IS IN A CLASS BY ITSELF FOR DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABILITY ”BOTH OF WHICH ARE VITAL TO THE FUTURE OF THE WORLD ECONOMY. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za Crop Yields with Industrial Hemp Crop yields with industrial hemp can run as high as 10 tons per acre in four months, and since both the seeds and stalks can be harvested and processed, most of this material can be converted into useful products. BACKGROUND Hemp is a distinct variety of the plant species Cannabis sativa L. that grows to a height anywhere from 4-15 ft (1.2-4.5 m) and up to 0.75 in (2 cm) in diameter. The plant consists of an inner layer called the pith surrounded by woody core fiber, which is often referred as hurds. Bast fibers form the outer layer. The primary bast fiber is attached to the core fiber by pectin—a glue- like substance. The primary fibers are used for textiles, cordage, and fine paper products. The wood-like core fiber is used for animal bedding, garden mulch, fuel, and an assortment of building materials. Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

HEMP EMPOWERMENT The Many Uses Of Hemp Canada is one country that has legalized hemp, though with certain 3D PRINTING FROM HEMP PRODUCTS restrictions. The maximum allowable THC concentration is 0.3% and all hemp farmers are required to undergo a criminal-records check, as well as obtain a license from Health Canada. Despite these restrictions, hemp production has increased threefold in just a year, from 6, 175 acres (61.75 hectares) harvested in 1998 to nearly 20,000 acres (200 hectares) in 1999. Over 95% of the acres grown in 1999 in Canada were for hemp grain. Farmers who grow hemp claim it is a great rotation crop and can be substituted for almost any harvest. It grows without requiring pesticides and is good at aerating the soil. On a per-acre basis, one estimate claims hemp nets farmers more income (R4,000 - R4,600) than either corn or soybeans (R1,500 - R3,000). A full crop of hemp only takes 90 days to grow, yielding four times more paper per acre, when compared over a similar 20 year period with redwood trees in the northwest United States. However, there are other varieties of trees that yield two to three times more than hemp. Hemp Seed Makes Methanol, Heating Oil, Salad Oil, Pharmaceuticals, Soaps, Paint, And Ink. Advocates of hemp claim that it can be used in 25,000 different products, from clothing to food to toiletries. Until the nineteenth century, hemp was used in 90% of ships' canvas sails, rigging, and nets (and thus it was a required crop in theAmerican colonies). Today, hemp fiber is being used as a replacement for fiberglass in automotive components and made into cloth for window dressings, shower curtains, and upholstery. China is the world's largest producer of hemp fabric, whereas India produces the most hemp overall. SUITCASES MADE FROM HEMP Other products made from hemp fiber FURNITURE MADE FROM HEMP include: insulation, particleboard, fiberboard, rope, twine, yarn, newsprint, cardboard, paper, horse stable bedding, and compost. Hemp bedding has been found superior to straw and other materials for horse stalls in reducing the smell of ammonia. Hemp seed is used to make methanol and heating oil, salad oil, pharmaceuticals, soaps, paint, and ink. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

HEMP EMPOWERMENT The Amazing World of Hempcrete THE MOST SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIAL ON EARTH Concrete, steel, and wood pale in comparison as a sustainable building material to the plant known to grow like a weed — hemp. With construction consuming a whopping 40% of the world’s global energy and resources, HOUSE MADE FROM HEMP it is imperative that this industry moves towards more sustainable practices in the face of climate change’s many BENEFITS OF USING HEMPCRETE threats. This means moving away from building materials Hempcrete has numerous advantages as a building material. Hempcrete lacks the which are mined from the earth or harvested from rapidly brittleness of regular concrete, removing the need for expansion joints typically depleting forests, and making the switch to renewable required for absorbing vibration and temperature-induced expansion and contraction resources — and hemp is the perfect material for the job, in in structures. Easier to work with, hempcrete is also much more lightweight. the form of a mixture known as hempcrete. Unlike wood, hempcrete is naturally fire-resistant and pest-resistant. For example, it WHAT IS HEMPCRETE? is virtually impossible for a hempcrete building to become infested with termites. Hempcrete is a building composite similar to concrete, except it’s made by wet-mixing hemp hurds (woody fibers from the ADAPTED HEMPCRETE BLOCKS plant core) with a lime-based binder and water. This mixture can then be cast into molds or applied directly as a wet loose-fill material which hardens once dried, serving several construction and insulation purposes. For instance, hempcrete may come in modular block form — similar to concrete masonry The material is also highly useful for structures in earthquake-prone areas, as hempcrete’s low units — for building structures. It may also be used to form insulated walls, with the only density renders it resistant to cracking under movement. other material being the wooden structural frame. Walls made from hempcrete are very breathable and allow moisture to pass through, which Moreover, hempcrete can be used in combination with other building materials to form makes hempcrete highly resistant to mold. Moreover, it has low thermal conductivity and wind- both floors and roofs, providing an insulating layer. Astonishingly, hempcrete can even be resistant properties, making hempcrete an ideal insulator. Buildings made from hempcrete easily used today for load-bearing walls. UK Hempcrete has a new system consisting of adapted stay cool in the summer and warm in the winter — resulting in a perfect material for nearly any climate and leading to substantial energy savings. hempcrete blocks and reinforced concrete. CONSTRUCTION WITH HEMPCRETE Hempcrete is also an ideal building material to be used to “In many climates, a 12-foot hempcrete wall will facilitate approximately 60-degrees indoor restore or retrofit traditional or historic buildings. For temperatures year-around without heating or cooling systems,” said Joyce Beckerman, vice example, hempcrete can replace or repair infill panels in president of the Hemp Industries Association, in an interview. “The overall environmental timber frame buildings, be used to add insulation to solid footprint is dramatically lower than traditional construction.” walls in older buildings with poor insulation, or it can be applied to unevenly shaped walls to improve their Environmentally, hempcrete can’t be beaten as an eco-friendly building material. Hempcrete is appearance. carbon negative, as the crop sucks up CO2 as it grows. Hemp can be produced very quickly Hempcrete provides a wide range of benefits - without the need for pesticides or fertilizer, making it rapidly renewable. For those aiming to commercially, structurally, and environmentally. achieve a low carbon footprint, building with hempcrete is an optimal choice. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

HEMP It is abundantly clear that something needs to be done to curb all this plastic waste. That’s why many are turning to hemp as a potential solution to our world’s plastic problem. E M P O W E R M E N T The Solution to WHAT IS THE HEMP-BASED BIOPLASTIC SOLUTION? Our World’s Massive Plastic Problem Commentators estimate that addressing the world’s plastic problem is worth around $80 to $120 billion. These numbers spur many to come up with innovative solutions and plastic alternatives, PLASTIC LAND-FILLS including within the hemp industry. Hemp-based bioplastic materials could potentially replace plastics in several uses, being used to THE STATE OF THE PLASTIC PROBLEM produce products from bottles and toys to household goods and even industrial components. In 2019, the world is literally drowning in plastic. Hemp-based bioplastic is nothing new — hemp bioplastics were developed not long after In 2015, 322 million metric tons of plastic was produced, with experts predicting that petroleum-based polymers in the first half of the 20th century. annual production will quadruple by 2050. This creates extreme waste management Hemp can be used to create a fiber-reinforced biocomposite — this is a polymer matrix problems which choke land, waterways and particularly the oceans — reportedly, 8 reinforced with hemp fibers. The result is a durable product which looks and feels like the fossil million metric tons of plastic is dumped into the ocean every minute. fuel-based polymer plastics consumers are accustomed to buying. Plastics, or to be more precise polymers, are usually made from petroleum or natural gas. This means that not only do these products fail to biodegrade over time, adding to the To date, the primary user of hemp-based bioplastics has been the automotive industry, but this plastic pollution problem, but their production is linked to ever-shrinking fossil fuel versatile material has potential uses across many sectors. Hemp Business Journal has reserves. Plastic production makes up 4% of the total annual use of oil and gas worldwide. predicted that by 2022, the hemp bioplastics industry will reach $28 million. Today, there are two giant patches of floating plastic debris which have collected together Any type of bioplastic has significant advantages for the environment. Unlike in the ocean, called the “North Atlantic garbage patch” and the “Great Pacific garbage traditional polymers, they are not made from fossil fuel products and do not produce patch.” carbon dioxide gas when they break down. The latter is estimated to be more than twice the size of Texas. The volume of plastics in the ocean is having hugely detrimental impacts on ecosystems, Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa with deaths of countless marine animals, from turtles to whales, being linked to plastic ingestion, or being caught in plastic debris. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za

HEMP E M P O W E R M E N T The Solution to Our World’s Massive Plastic Problem As the world faces a climate crisis, bioplastics could be an essential part of the climate solution. Additionally, most bioplastics (including hemp-based bioplastics) are biodegradable, meaning they will not contribute to the crippling levels of plastic waste and pollution across the planet. Hemp is an ideal feedstock for bioplastics. It needs less water and pesticides compared to other raw materials such as cotton and corn, making it even more environmentally friendly. Its quick growth cycle and high fiber-per-acre ratio also make it a highly profitable crop for producers. With cellulose concentrations of 65-75%, hemp is one of the best sources for bioplastic fibers. THE FUTURE FOR HEMP-BASED BIOPLASTIC PLASTIC LAND-FILLS The 2018 Farm Bill represented a dramatic change for the hemp industry in general, and for the production of hemp-based bioplastic alternatives We are already seeing this vision becoming a reality. An Alaska-based eco- in particular. This legislation legalized the production of industrial hemp, packaging developer, Best Practices Packaging, has announced they will soon opening up product innovation and creation of a variety of hemp-based increase the production of hemp-based plastics, while other eco-packaging products. companies like Sana Packaging already offer a range of hemp-based bioplastic products. HEMP PLASTIC HAS SUPERIOR BENEFITS The use of these plastics has already been adopted in the automotive industry, including by some of the world’s most famous car makers — Porsche has announced that its new 718 Cayman sports car will have body parts made in part from hemp. Other companies have indicated they are looking for environmentally responsible alternatives to plastic. For example, Lego has stated a commitment to using sustainable materials over plastic and is investing $150 million to do so, very recently announcing the upcoming release of its first sustainable collection, made from sugarcane-based polyethylene plastic. These moves from major companies represent significant potential for hemp-based bioplastic, which is a strong contender to be part of this solution. Hemp-based bioplastics have massive potential as an alternative to the petroleum-based polymers, which are having a detrimental effect on the natural environment. Not only are hemp bioplastics biodegradable, but they also offer reduced water and pesticide use compared to other crops, at the same time as providing higher yields. HEMP INJECTION-MOULDS IN CAR-INDUSTRY With applications from household goods to car components and everything in between, hemp- based bioplastics will likely play a vital role in reducing our planet’s plastic pollution. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

HEMP Medical Cannabis EMPOWERMENT WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CANNABIS? Cannabis has been used for medical and therapeutic purposes for more than 5,000 years. In fact, it is one of the world's most therapeutically versatile medicines. Due in part to extensive successful outcomes for medical cannabis patients, it has been legalized in a majority of U.S. states. Because cannabis is such a complex plant, however, most of us could use a bit of cannabis education to learn about its many benefits. Based on evidence from scientific research and the experiences of doctors, patients, and WHAT IS MEDICAL CANNABIS? others, the state of Florida has concluded that medical cannabis may have benefits for Scientific study of the chemicals in cannabis, called cannabinoids, has led to two FDA-approved patients seeking treatment for a variety of conditions, including: medications that contain cannabinoid chemicals in pill form. Continued research may lead to more medications. Ÿ Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Ÿ Crohn's Disease A 2019 analysis, also funded by NIDA, re-examined this relationship using data through Ÿ Cancer 2017. Similar to the findings reported previously, this research team found that opioid Ÿ Epilepsy overdose mortality rates between 1999-2010 in states allowing medical marijuana Ÿ Glaucoma use were 21% lower than expected. When the analysis was extended through Ÿ HIV/Aids 2017, however, they found that the trend reversed, such that states with medical Ÿ Multiple Sclerosis cannabis laws experienced an overdose death rate 22.7% higher than expected.2 Ÿ Parkinson's disease The investigators uncovered no evidence that either broader cannabis laws Ÿ Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (those allowing recreational use) or more restrictive laws (those only Ÿ Terminal illnesses permitting the use of marijuana with low tetrahydrocannabinol Ÿ Other debilitating medical conditions concentrations) were associated with changes in opioid overdose mortality rates. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za These data, therefore, do not support the interpretation that access to cannabis reduces opioid overdose. Indeed, the authors note that neither study provides evidence of a causal relationship between marijuana access and opioid overdose deaths. Rather, they suggest that the associations are likely due to factors the researchers did not measure, and they caution against drawing conclusions on an individual level from ecological (population-level) data. Research is still needed on the potential medical benefits of cannabis or cannabinoids. WHAT ARE CANNABINOIDS? Cannabinoids are chemicals related to delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), marijuana’s main mind-altering ingredient that makes people \"high.\" The marijuana plant contains more than 100 cannabinoids. Scientists as well as illegal manufacturers have produced many cannabinoids in the lab. Some of these cannabinoids are extremely powerful and have led to serious health effects when misused. Read more in our Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2/Spice) DrugFacts. Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

HEMP Medical Cannabis EMPOWERMENT The body also produces its own cannabinoid chemicals. They play a role in regulating pleasure, memory, thinking, concentration, body movement, awareness of time, appetite, pain, and the senses (taste, touch, smell, hearing, and sight). The body also produces its own cannabinoid chemicals. They play a role in regulating pleasure, memory, thinking, concentration, body movement, awareness of time, appetite, pain, and the senses (taste, touch, smell, hearing, and sight).Are People with Health- and Age-Related Problems More Vulnerable to Marijuana’s Risks? State-approved medicinal use of marijuana is a fairly new practice. For that reason, marijuana’s effects on people who are weakened because of age or illness are still relatively unknown. Older people and those suffering from diseases such as cancer or AIDS could be more vulnerable to the drug’s harmful effects, but more research is needed. HOW MIGHT CANNABINOIDS BE USEFUL AS MEDICINE? Unlike THC, CBD is a cannabinoid that doesn't make people \"high.\" These drugs Currently, the two main cannabinoids from the marijuana plant that are of medical aren't popular for recreational use because they aren't intoxicating. It may be useful interest are THC and CBD. in reducing pain and inflammation, controlling epileptic seizures, and possibly even treating mental medication called Epidiolex® for the treatment of two forms of severe THC can increase appetite and reduce nausea. THC may also decrease pain, childhood epilepsy, Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. inflammation (swelling and redness), and muscle control problems. Many researchers, including those funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), are continuing to explore the possible uses of THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids for medical treatment. For instance, recent animal studies have shown that marijuana extracts may help kill certain cancer cells and reduce the size of others. Evidence from one cell culture study with rodents suggests that purified extracts from whole-plant marijuana can slow the growth of cancer cells from one of the most serious types of brain tumors. Research in mice showed that treatment with purified extracts of THC and CBD, when used with radiation, increased the cancer-killing effects of the radiation. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

HEMP Manufacturing EMPOWERMENT Process RAW MATERIALS Fiber processing uses few chemicals, if any at all. However, the fiber may be blended with other materials, such as synthetic fibers or resins as binders, depending on the final product being made. For paper making, water and chemicals (sodium hydroxide or sulfur compounds) are mixed with the fibers to remove the natural glue components. THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS CULTIVATION AND HARVESTING Hemp is an annual plant that grows from seed. It grows in a range of soils, but tends to grow best on land that produces high yields of corn. The soil must be well drained, rich in nitrogen, and non-acidic. Hemp prefers a mild climate, humid atmosphere, and a rainfall of at least 25-30 in (64-76 cm) per year. Soil temperatures must reach a minimum of 42- 46°F (5.5-7.7°C) before seeds can be planted. 1.) The crop is ready for harvesting high quality fiber when the plants begin to shed pollen, 4.) A dehulling step, which removes the crunchy skin from the seed using a crushing machine, in mid-August for North America. Harvesting for seed occurs four to six weeks later. Fiber may be required. Modifications to existing equipment may be required to adequately clean the hemp is normally ready to harvest in 70-90 days after seeding. A special machine with seeds of hull residues. rows of independent teeth and a chopper is used. To harvest hemp for textiles, specialized cutting equipment is required. Combines are used for harvesting grain, which are modified FIBER PROCESSING to avoid machine parts being tangled up with bast fiber. 5.) To separate the woody core from the bast fiber, a sequence of rollers (breakers) or a hammermill are used. The bast fiber is then cleaned and carded to the desired core content and 2.) Once the crop is cut, the stalks are allowed to rett (removal of the pectin [binder] by fineness, sometimes followed by cutting to size and baling. After cleaning and carding, secondary natural exposure to the environment) in the field for four to six weeks—depending on the steps are often required. These include matting for the production of non-woven mats and fleeces, weather—to loosen the fibers. While the stalks lay in the field, most of the nutrients pulping (the breakdown of fiber bundles extracted by the plant are returned to the soil as the leaves decompose. The stalks are by chemical and physical methods to turned several times using a special machine for even retting and then baled with existing produce fibers for paper making), and hay harvesting equipment. Bales are stored in dry places, including sheds, barns, or other steam explosion, a chemical removal of covered storage. The moisture content of hemp stalks should not exceed 15%. When the natural binders to produce a planted for fiber, yields range from 2-6 short tons (1.8-5.4t) of dry stalks per acre, or from weavable fiber. Complete processing 3-5 short tons (2.7-4.5 t) of baled hemp stalks per acre in Canada. lines for fiber hemp have outputs ranging from 2-8 short tons/hour (1.8- GRAIN PROCESSING 7.2 t/hr). 3.) Hemp seeds must be properly cleaned and dried before storing. Extraction of oil usually takes place using a mechanical expeller press under a nitrogen atmosphere, PACKAGING otherwise known as mechanical cold pressing. Protection from oxygen, light, and heat is 6.) The primary fiber is pressed into a highly compressed bale, similar to other critical for producing a tasty oil with an fibers like cotton, wool, and polyester. acceptable shelf-life. Solvent extraction Other products, such as horse bedding, methods are also emerging for removing oil are packaged in a compressed bale. since they achieve higher yields. Such methods use hexan, liquid carbon dioxide, or Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa ethanol as the solvent. Refining and deodorizing steps may be required for cosmetics manufacturers. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za

HEMP Manufacturing EMPOWERMENT Process PAPER MAKING 7.) Bast fibers are usually used in paper, which are put into a spherical tank called a digester with water and chemicals. This mixture is heated for up to eight hours at elevated temperature and pressure until all fibers are separated from each other. Washing with excess water removes the chemicals and the extracted binding components (pectin). The clean fibers are then fed into a machine called a Hollander beater, which consists of a large tub equipped with a wheel revolving around a horizontal axis. This beating step, which lasts for up to 12 hours, cuts the fibers to the desired length and produces the required surface roughness for proper bonding. Bleaching chemicals are sometimes added during this step or to separate tanks with the fibers. The bleached pulp is then pumped to the paper machine or pressed to a dryness suitable for transportation to a paper mill at another location. QUALITY CONTROL BYPRODUCTS/WASTE Hemp fibers are tested for tensile strength, fineness (fiber diameter), and the color is The harvested hemp not used is burned. During fiber processing, the recorded. Moisture content is recorded during every stage of the growing and core fiber is saved and usually used to make paper, horse bedding, or construction production process. The THC content of the plant is also materials. Most hemp producers recycle the core fiber by removing dust, then baling contiguously tested to make sure that the level does not exceed and packaging. The dust can be pressed into pellets used for fuel. The dirt and small the 0.3% mark. Research is still being conducted on the effects chips of core are also used as a high nutrient soil additive. that hemp would have on the industry. Set standards are constantly being altered and changed. THE FUTURE Where it is legal, the hemp industry has been growing at an annual growth rate of 20%. Other © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za potential uses are being developed. For instance, hemp meal has demonstrated it can be used as a food ingredient for aquiculture farms, specifically freshwater fish and shrimp. Even hemp beer has entered the Canadian market, though it is expected to remain a small part of beer sales. Composite materials for the building industry are also being investigated. Using hemp as a source of food may become the largest application, since hemp seeds have much nutritional value. The seed contains essential fatty acids, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamins B, C, and E. Hemp seed can be made into oil or flour and can also be eaten whole, since it tastes similar to pine nuts or sunflower seeds. Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

HEMP EMPOWERMENT Phylos Cultivation Guidelines VARIETY DESCRIPTION Phylos Brand Hemp Seed is an F1 hybrid, feminized, day neutral hemp variety that reaches uniform maturity in approximately 60-75 days. FIELD PREPARATION Proper soil preparation is necessary for a successful harvest. The soil must be turned up thoroughly; loose, well-aerated, and well-draining soil is critical. Phylos hemp performs best in well-draining soils with a pH between six (6) and seven (7). The seedbed should be disked and fertilizer incorporated before planting. Estimates of fertility targets are not well established for CBD hemp. Given this, if grain corn is raised in your area, having a similar fertility regime is a good starting point. A soil test should be performed before fertilizing to properly amend the soil to achieve ‘high’ fertility levels. Fertigation through drip irrigation is also an option (see Watering and Fertilization). © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za SOWING Direct sowing is highly recommended. Because Phylos Hemp is a day neutral variety, transplant stress often triggers early flowering and subsequent low or irregular yields. However, If transplants are utilized, it is critical to transfer seedlings at an appropriate stage (i.e. prior to seedlings getting root bound) and to minimize transplant stress. Recommended sowing depth is ⅜ inch to 1⁄2 inch below the soil surface. Recommended in-row spacing is two (2) feet and recommended between-row spacing is also two (2) feet. Plant in the spring when soil temperatures are regularly above 50°F (10°C). WATERING AND FERTILIZATION It’s critical to keep the soil bed moist after direct sowing until the seeds germinate and a stand is established. With transplants, keep the plants moist until established. It’s recommended to use a drip line irrigation system through the growing season if available. If not available, overhead or furrow irrigation are good alternatives. The first five (5) weeks of plant care are critical to the success of the plant through its maturation. Cannabis is responsive to fertile soils so it’s important to have good levels of soil fertility. In addition to adequate levels of phosphorus and potassium, regular application of a high-nitrogen containing liquid fertilizer through irrigation systems is strongly recommended during the first 4-5 weeks. A total of 150 units of nitrogen (pounds per acre of available nitrogen) is recommended (up to 250 units for very sandy soils). Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

Phylos Cultivation Guidelines There is currently no one standard for harvesting, drying, and storing hemp. WEED AND PEST MANAGEMENT Most commonly, hemp is cut and hung While there are currently no federally approved pesticides and/or herbicides for use on to dry or placed in an industrial dryer Cannabis, State regulations may provide specific guidance on what resources are available after hand bucking. Regardless of for use. It is most important to manage weeds in your field prior to canopy closure which which method is chosen to dry your occurs approximately four (4) to five (5) weeks after sowing. plants, it is extremely important to identify how and where you will be MONITORING FOR HERMAPHRODITIC PLANTS drying. Hemp farmers very often lose Phylos hemp seed is feminized. This means that, genetically, all of the yield due to the inability to dry their seeds will produce female plants. Rarely, individual feminized plants may plants in a timely manner, so planning for this step prior to planting is the most advantageous. become hermaphroditic and exhibit male flowers. This response is often associated with specific varieties and/or as a response to stress. If not Ÿ Dry material as soon as possible following harvest identified soon enough, male flowers may produce pollen that can Ÿ Hemp flower is highly susceptible to mold — reduce humidity potentially fertilize female flowers and result in seed. While this has not been known to happen in Phylos hemp seed, it is important to familiarize during the drying process yourself with female and male flower characteristics and monitor your Ÿ Circulate air during drying to remove moisture — ideally achieving fields throughout the flowering stage. It is recommended to survey your fields for hermaphroditic plants every 2-3 days from initiation of flowering as low as 10% moisture until harvest. If a plant with male flowers is identified, it is important to dispose of the plant immediately, preferably in a bag to prevent pollen Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa dispersal. If hermaphroditic plants do occur in your trial, please notify Phylos immediately. MATURATION Phylos hemp seed is expected to reach maturity approximately 75 days from sowing. Date of maturation has been found to vary with predominant night time temperatures. If night time temperatures are routinely below 50°F (10°C), the plants may not reach maturity for 90+ days. If night time temperatures are routinely above 65°F (18°C), the plants may reach maturity as early as 60 days. Typical plant height at maturation is 4-5 feet. HARVEST It is highly recommended to harvest when the stigmas have senesced and a majority of trichomes have changed from clear to mostly cloudy. Consult your state’s regulations for measuring THC levels to stay within compliance levels (<0.3%THC). Waiting even one (1) to two (2) weeks beyond peak maturity to harvest can cause flower yellowing and loss of cannabinoids. POSTHARVEST HANDLING AND STORAGE Growing hemp for CBD extraction is still new, and as such, best practices for harvesting, drying, and storing are variable. We have compiled a selection of best practices and encourage you to work directly with your processor to better understand the specific requirements for your biomass. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za

tree of HEALING AFRICA Company Snapshot Capacity and Scale Exclusive Distribution Ultra Low Cost Potential licence holder in South Africa Unrivaled access to lucrative Comparative advantage through with massive production capacity potential South African market ultra low input cost environment Low Tax Rate Position CSI Low tax rates for LPs – maximum Strategically positioned to supply Major contributor to local 10% with full deductibility of International & South African corporate social investment expenses Markets projects © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

tree of Company overview HEALING AFRICA • Based in South Africa • Application in process for license About Us • Low input cost environment and favourable tax rate • Strategically positioned to access South Africa’s lucrative Our business and our vision emerging market for medicinal cannabis and hemp © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za • Experienced team of professionals and directors with excellent local networks, including: N. Swanepoel (Agricultural Analyst - 30 yrs), M. L. Matsheka (Agricultural Researcher / General Investigator - 20 yrs), M. R. Ebrahim (Agricultural Researcher, Analyst and Businessman - 15 yrs) Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

tree of Our Potential HEALING AFRICA • Ability to become Africa’s largest, low cost licensed producer of medicinal cannabis About Us • Potential to provide a unique & differentiated product Our business and our vision offering to other markets © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za • Export capability to over 30 countries, including Canada, United Kingdom, Europe and Australia • Unmatched potential for revenue growth and production capacity Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

tree of HEALING AFRICA Our Philosophy Our Mission, Vision & Values Our Mission To have a positive impact on the environment, local communities and to those we serve globally whilst maximizing the natural potential that South Africa has to offer. Our Vision To become a market influencer and recognized leading producer of cannabis products catering to a globally increasing demand for organic medicinal and hemp products. Our Values Innovative. Community Focused. Environmentally Friendly. Integrity and harmony. These values are the core our business; which is committed to the upliftment of the cannabis community, the locals and the industry. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

tree of 150 000 kg HEALING AFRICA Potential Production 120 000 kg 90 000 kg South Africa - 6 Year Forecast * 60 000kg 35 000kg 20 000 kg 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 *Assumes funded capacity of 4 ha in 2019 increasing up to funded capacity of 20 ha in 2024. Production yields have been estimated on a per square metre basis, using production information from other South African cannabis producers using a combination of high tunnel and greenhouse growing facilities. Volumes estimated above are for kg produced of dried cannabis flowers. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

tree of HEALING AFRICA The Opportunity Competitiveness Africa’s Emerging Cannabis Industry Ultra low input costs will position African LPs as some of the Expansion lowest cost producers in the world Leading international LPs can expand production capacity & grow revenue through African partnerships Investment Returns New Markets Investors can maximise returns South Africa’s lucrative medicinal through attractive tax rates and a and hemp markets remain largely untapped low cost environment © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

tree of HEALING AFRICA Our Strategy Leverage Potential Using its many competitive advantages, Tree of Life Healing intends to form strategic partnerships with major industry players as a first step to high paced execution of the project and the realisation of our potential to become the largest and most profitable licensed producer of cannabis in Africa. Dual Markets Tree of Life Healing is well positioned to export organically produced, high quality medicinal cannabis products to international markets (mainly Canada, UK, Europe & Australia) while simultaneously dominating the neighbouring South African market as it begins to emerge. Other value-products will also be introduced. Expansion With virtually unrestricted licence area allocation, a mid-to-long term focus area would be to exponentially increase production and revenue, with economies of scale driving all-in cost per kg to unmatched levels. Initial R&D work on local genetics will commence. Furthermore, the expansion of the size and product offerings of the businesswill be a key driver of value. Strategic M&A and consolidation of smaller players will also take place on a value accretive basis.A stock exchange listing may be investigated at a suitable point in time. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

tree of HEALING AFRICA Our Strategy SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats • Favourable conditions • Lack of industry • New markets/products • Illegal and counterfeit • Land area & capacity experience • Growing demand products • Exclusive access to • First mover advantage • Underdeveloped SA market markets © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa

tree of HEALING AFRICA Our Strategy Next Steps Step 1 Engage with strategic Step 2 partners, off-takers and funders to adequately fund Achieve operational launch Step 3 capital expenditure and of South African sites by mid begin construction activities Summer 2019. Achieve steady state yields and production targets. Expand and scale up South Step 4 African operations. Establish supply agreements with further emerging international markets. © Copyright 2019 Carl Venter - www.bambam.co.za Part of The Hemp Empowerment Movement to Help Communities in South Africa