Caterpillar Inc: A Look at the Company's Social Impact

FWOORRYLODU’SNFGIRESTNGENINGEIENRESERING NEWS NOVEMBER 2016 ISSUE NO. 009A CLOSER LOOK ATTHE MINING INDUSTRY:• How Mining Companies Give Back To Communities• 10 Issues and Trends that Affect the Mining Industry• The Role of Mining in Society• 25 Awesome Things You Didn’t Know About Gold• Latest Trends in the Mining IndustryFEATURE STORIES: CATERPILLAR INC. A Look At The Company's• Filipino Electronics Engineer Social Impact Motivates Future Engineers Through Song Exclusive Interview with Jean Savage, a Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of Caterpillar Inc.• Why Engineering Students Hate Losing Their Calculators• The Six Engineers That We All Have to Deal With• What Lies Ahead for Construction Equipment• The Most Dangerous Engineering Jobs NOVEMBER 2016 1 Mining Engineering and Its Importance



GINEERSNOW TEAM Ems Bagatsing Sales & Marketing Director [email protected] Robert Bagatsing Editor-In-Chief [email protected] Engr. Alice Hernandez Senior Editor-At-Large John Vauden Charity Bagatsing Raymond Gerard del Valle SAensiiao-rPEacdiiftiocr Senior Editor Junior Editor North America Hina Sapra Abhishek Tarafder Engr. Dion Greg Reyes Senior Editor Matrix Media South Asia Junior Editor Information TechnologyTherese Matheren Engr. Cielo Panda Aaron Kesel Senior Editor Junior Editor Contributor North America North America Lauren Lloyd Del Mundo Goran Ćulibrk Amanda Pelletier Video Editor Newsletter Specialist Creative & Layout Contributor North AmericaAfsana Alam Margaret Banford Contributor Contributor Middle East United KingdomEngr. Emmanuel Stalling Patricia EldridgeContibutor GineersNow is a subsidiary ofNorth America Lincoln Martin Strategic Marketing Contributor United Kingdom Level 14, Boulevard Plaza Tower 1 MBR Boulevard, Emaar Square, Downtown Dubai, UAE P.O. Box 334036, Dubai, U.A.E. Mob: +971 50 4289684 www.LincolnMartin.comDisclaimer: The publishers regret that they cannot accept liability for error or omissions contained in this publication, however caused. The opinions andviews contained in this publication are not necessarily those of the publishers. Readers are advised to seek specialist advice before acting on informationcontained in this publication, which is provided for general use and may not be appropriate for the readers' particular circumstances.The Copyright Law of the United States of America, Chapter 1, Subject 107, called the “Limitations onexclusive rights: Fair use” states that, “Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, theoftahierrumseeoafnas csoppecyirfiigehdtbedy twhoartks,eicntciolund, ifnogr psuucrhpousseesbsyurcehparsocdruictitcioisnmi,nccoompmieesnotr, npehwonsorreepcoorrtdinsgo,rtebaycahninyg(including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copy-right. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include—(3(1))ththeeapmuorupnotseanadndsucbhsatraancttiearliotyf(2toh)fentthhoueensepnp,raoiotnruftciritloeuendodiufuntscgheaedwticoihnoneparthyel rlepairugtishrouptnecodhstoewusts;oherekisc;oopf yarcigohmtemdewrcoiarkl naastaurwehoorleis; for(4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.” and

EdiNtoort'estOacimmawhtoMrnsWaTShmewdlvhWcctaScdsasotetisohhhhouuoooooxnnnvgdiooffoieaavehoetefpiiieeeeeliesrectmmnmhlvvsgddmecwhennnfeinuwprttmrininmeeelsaiatisashaepaceeiiodiinlappmplfrerntcsnnorhdnhmiretcsrf.eluualiieaaaeuniedyooescpwaeggvftoguaieirnsfnnnnmafebenneasfvrilesvegtysotni-eosftTtddiicngatmbeleetnreirfireeidiRiinuiyrfwpsriversaelhmwoancetttsshtrvmweveaseoaleodittreroalnhucrohoidetaeaoennihctealpstrnnnohglhoteinmoftasvrtatpunoacdtrnipaaapuoeogydhonetyenmodiopltolstcroldtoisrttgediwssfdfemungrhhptnwoscfambmdpoph.oocodfhmeuuggmmfeeoaoeedsgoaoluoorauiarsv.aisihlsieexoitnmrmodTundnocrobn.ilnprgieehvpsaaapancivgnttuirmpiuAwihltoniuieennmitcohhrotnflloeniaandaistsufuhenieftobttndniinmeanpalnteageeaghltspnybbbsrerltygctiymdgtdicmricidimhhrecatltspeleahozlecemothahiayaetoonlettuateancnnieetmaaypirfnoinahohnnhwt.neiecnrvfvekstetCptelapilnponodreatfcofieih,riiHseiiotdeefrfn,orrinarvectvrideloouepamsfteiynaooonboosutegroenetesavrritmmpoyctoeecsvggfaegclonspdcppwgioowls.niebftrdflet.noriemotuiihmheauoooirthfueoieeasnnorsvnersorganrttTorrsraiasvpstcmoaouoiiiittteehhfcbbaaine.Itiinoesnnnnieahhhhbilkuvnnuimeteeeltaatlalltesssrnlddd’ggggyyaeeeeeeeeeerrssssstttttll,..., OeetCOreifiipchoWtmrosstfmPatamildsisGIawsvanmnnlaoihhhneuttheixadnnfqifurielregaoohtiftuclsofiieedffeeemocsaeiuulddnellrefpnntofohprrttpa,gtrdaprlrusigeesircshetiiuaorriitctpetloa“iiiiptureerhrsrnnaeannndmmhiiepsprmwlamncsetptamessnnsstsetrggitraehggereorianemsepphmisovshthaasvagi,fnnytailavepmeeissNtmeneoeetndbolnooea.tnabcnsenttidciaimoscohfricttilclsnnuiooptiarhridoetnevf,icinneyalp,uieteina,Snnwrvdpitfaaaivcnroin.rgonsngeoltssewlwhneniilNlrdeeeIoeaimyIotuignrepdadJgonboetsigynrbcneahnhfeellotn.t’ggruipagscivpacrombeedngsayhpiednmoavtmlis,lBovcr.rntesttgfei’nhnovrstorasostetg.owtathuiatoisvryreiaoeoepaueoyeelmnWewirrmsetgeiaeannhst,ayCrneargilrcateeewtttesrlgtotrrrden’Siietb.obaedamesacstehihweaet,ctihsaaoo’dpsz.trotetlcbivnihivamsotionledehsevvsovsissinreoriuiyedcedseeiwnordstnoanyieotuitfmdTssmnhbhtospidsshfahpegdpvtg.ggsdleouoe-hrTieoul,daeifupheecpuaoArptlsumynftntiuaeirt.taiil.auoanbaooabersbovsrhhsaibctrcdnnflmavnsonltafldrtslioseuewtpefhoediioohislsimnpfysIetucege.ylscrascsetseneainuwysucoeuaihogtaer’uwocpsl,assds,nisoaurbotluatspiemmtunrtuyoauhbntfrV.hmlClshlsuireusiatiaebogictcoytoreooitttneaeeshfrciSlnwoonialeehhhgu’orcuttasooeerrlrlsgaaiiiiRnnddddppoogyyeeeeeeece”rrrsssssstffll,

CONTENTS PAGE TITLE PAGE TITLE06 COVER STORY 42 10 ISSUES AND TRENDS14 44 THAT AFFECT THE MINING21 CATERPILLAR INC.: MORE 47 INDUSTRY23 THAN JUST A BUSINESS 48 FOUR INCREDIBLE OPEN THE ROLE OF MINING IN 58 PIT MINES SOCIETY 60 66 THE SIX ENGINEERS THAT IS MINING ENGINEERING FOR 69 WE ALL HAVE TO DEAL WITH YOU? 74 78 THIS IS MINING IN HELL WORLD’S LARGEST 80 ON EARTH LAND VEHICLE JHARIA, THE HOME OF INDIA’S BLACK DIAMONDS24 10 BEST YOUTUBE WHAT LIES AHEAD26 CHANNELS THAT FEATURE FOR CONSTRUCTION28 THE MINING INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT FILIPINO ELECTRONICS ENGINEER MOTIVATES CIVIL ENGINEERS WHO FUTURE ENGINEERS SHAPED THE CONSTRUCTION THROUGH SONG INDUSTRY OF TODAY $30 BILLION MARKET FOR EXPLORING THE DEEP SEA CONSTRUCTION ELECTRIC FOR MINERALS VEHICLES INSIDE THE WORLD’S LARGEST31 25 AWESOME THINGS YOU UNDERGROUND MINE32 DIDN’T KNOW ABOUT GOLD HOW MINING WHICH COUNTRIES HAVE THE COMPANIES GIVE BACK LARGEST GOLD RESERVES? TO COMMUNITIES BEAUTIFUL MINERALS AND34 LATEST TRENDS IN THE STONES YOU WANT FOR38 MINING INDUSTRY YOUR COLLECTION WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMONLY MINED MINERALS AND METALS IN AFRICA?

COVER STORYMCAOTREERPTIHLALANRJUINSCT.:ABUSINESSThe company has given back to our communitiessince before the Foundation was created in1952--philanthropy is a part of our DNA. 6 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

NOVEMBER 2016 7Mining Engineering and Its Importance

8 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

COVER STORYAmong the Fortune’s past 90 years creating, building, The enterprise Top 100, there is that problem solving, innovating, strategy positions one company whose testing, servicing and improving. Caterpillar to be thetrademark is in the manufacture In the process, we’ve built a leader everywhere itof construction and mining global leader.equipment, diesel and natural Our Values in Action unite us does business\"gas engines, and industrial gas as a company and serve as theturbines. For the past 90 years, foundation that has helped us What the Company Can The company principallythat company has committed succeed in the past and will Offer operates through its threeitself in providing machines and continue to help us succeed in product segments - Constructionsolutions through its hundreds the future. Our Values in Action, What are the most successful Industries, Resource Industriesof offices and facilities across the Caterpillar’s Worldwide products that you have and Energy & Transportation -the world. It has proved to Code of Conduct, is a guide launched and why were they a and also provides financingbe a global leader in creating, that defines how we work and success? and related services through itsbuilding, problem solving, and how we treat each other and For 90 years, Caterpillar Inc. Financial Products segment.innovating, while answering its those with whom we work, has been making sustainablecall for philanthropy. live, and serve. Caterpillar has progress possible and driving What kind of support do youCaterpillar Inc., that company always taken a leadership role in positive changes in every offer to your clients?which has shaped the world regards to holding itself to the continent. Customers turn to Our vast dealer network helpswe live in today, has more to it highest ethical standards. Caterpillar to help them develop Caterpillar and our customersthan just business. It thrives in infrastructure, energy and natural win around the world. Cat®an engineering industry with its Our core values remain constant- resource assets. Caterpillar is the dealers share our passion,exemplar products and services, • Integrity: The Power of world’s leading manufacturer enhance our competitive edge,at the same time focusing in its Honesty of construction and mining and ensure that our customerssustainability. Integrity is the foundation of equipment, diesel and natural gas receive maximum business valueJean Savage, Chief Technology all we do. engines, industrial gas turbines from our products and services.Officer and a Vice President of • Excellence: The Power of and diesel-electric locomotives.Caterpillar with responsibility in Qualitythe Innovation and Technology We set and achieve ambitious More About Jean SavageDevelopment division, tells us goals.more in this exclusive interview • Teamwork: The Power of Jean Savage is originally fromon how the company instills Working Together Ohio, now living in Peoria,its universal mission to the We help each other succeed. Illinois. She is a retired Militaryemployees, what it can provide • Commitment: The Power of Intelligence Officer for the U.S.to its customers, what it has Responsibility Army Reserve, who holds arecently come up with, and the We embrace our responsibilities. bachelor’s degree in electricalcompany’s social impacts and • Sustainability: The Power of and computer engineering fromcorporate social responsibility. Endurance the University of Cincinnati We are committed to building a and a master’s degree inAbout Caterpillar better world. engineering management from the University of Dayton.Are you an educational Where is this company headed? She has worked in engineeringinstitution, social enterprise, What’s your future expansion and manufacturing for nearlynon-profit or private company? plans? 30 years. She joined CaterpillarHow big is your company? The enterprise strategy positions in 2002 and has held leadershipCaterpillar is a public company Caterpillar to be the leader roles in the company’s Railamong Fortune’s Top 100. We everywhere it does business. and Advanced Componentshave about 100,000 full-time Everyday, Caterpillar employees divisions. Prior to joiningemployees globally. Caterpillar deliver sustainable solutions Caterpillar Inc., Jean spentoperates hundreds of offices and for customers, enabling them 14 years with Parker Hannifinfacilities across the world. to succeed and drive positive Corporation, a leader in motion change around the world. and control technologies andDescribe your mission, vision In return, this enables us systems.and values. to consistently reward ourOur mission is to enable economic stockholders. Over the pastgrowth through infrastructure century, Caterpillar has madeand energy development, and progress possible. Looking toto provide solutions to support the future, Caterpillar is poisedcommunities and protect the to respond to the challengesplanet. The 21st-century world and opportunities of an ever-you see today has been built with changing world and growingthe help of Caterpillar machines global population.and solutions. We’ve spent the NOVEMBER 2016 9 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Sustainability is smarter, while also equipping stand for? part of who we the people who operate them Our Foundation's mission is toare and what we do with data that makes them more alleviate poverty and put 50 every single day\" productive, enhances safety and million people on the path to improves sustainability. This prosperity.Caterpillar provides employee innovation has been, “in the includes harnessing technologyequipment training on job sites, iron.” Now, our focus has to be on like augmented reality, How many employees aresupplying aftermarket parts and making the iron smart. autonomy, connectivity and light. involved?service support and offering At Caterpillar, we win when our Giving back and being proactivee-business and equipment What will be the future of customers can make more money members of our communities is amanagement solutions. equipment and machinery with our products, services and natural part of who the company industry? How will the products solutions than they can with and our employees are. WeWhere are these products made look like? any competitor. And that’s what encourage our employees to giveor manufactured? “Making the iron smart,” means Smart Iron is all about. back to their communities viaOur products are manufactured bringing digital solutions volunteering, and the Foundationglobally. designed to improve productivity, Caterpillar’s Social matches employee and retiree efficiency, safety and profitability Impacts donations dollar-for-dollar to theThe Trends to our customers. This is not United Way, colleges/universities, technology for technology’s sake. Describe the CSR history and arts & cultural, environmentalWhat are the latest trends It is technology that’s focused on philosophy of the company? and policy organizations. We alsoin equipment and machinery solving, and even anticipating, The Caterpillar Foundation match their donations to the Redindustry? customer problems. We’re taking started in 1952, and has Cross for disaster relief.Caterpillar has spent over 90 the machines, locomotives, invested more than $650Myears committed to innovation engines and parts we’re so well in communities worldwide. When did the company start inand technology that help our known for and making them Part of our Corporate Social this endeavor?customers succeed. Most of this Responsibility is also our focus The company has given back to on sustainability. Sustainability our communities since before the is part of who we are and what Foundation was created in 1952 we do every single day. We - philanthropy is a part of our recognize that progress involves DNA. Most recently, we pioneered a balance of environmental Corporate Social Innovation stewardship, social responsibility (CSI) work. This is beyond and economic growth. Corporate Social Responsibility- -we believe this work is more What are the causes? Who do than something we ought to do, you fight for? What do you Trivia Caterpillar can give customers visibility to their global, mixed-fleet of assets through an asset management portal that delivers real-time data on location, shift-based utilization, idle time, fuel consumption and more. This information helps contractors improve efficiency and drive unproductive time, or non-utilized time out of their business.10 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

COVER STORY return on investment. We run the Foundation like a business. We focus on the root causes of poverty, which is why we added policy work to our portfolio. The best grant cannot achieve efficient and effective success if the policies behind it don't support the work. For example, if we invest in education in a developing country, but there are laws that exist making it legal for girls to marry when they are 8 years old, it makes it almost impossible for them to get an education. So we invest in policy in addition to our other initiatives. We cannot do this alone - we need foundations, corporations, governments and non-profits working collaboratively to address the world's issues. We call this approach \"Together. Stronger.\"but indeed something that can met (food, shelter, water, energy other non-profit organizations, What are your most successfuladdress real human needs with and disaster relief), education government, international CSR initiatives? Why were theyour innovation via products and (literacy/numeracy, workforce agencies or schools? If yes, a success?philanthropy. Giving back is not readiness and mentoring/ why? What are the objectives? There are many differentan afterthought. The company leadership) and environment Starting in 2009, the Foundation investments we have made whichbuilds the physical and societal (restoring natural infrastructure moved from a transactional are very successful in alleviatinginfrastructure (roads, bridges, as it relays to poverty alleviation). model to one where we measure poverty. Policy investments canenergy access and more) and outcomes (changes in knowledge affect millions and support largerthe Foundation builds the Which organizations or and behavior) in addition to initiatives. We have invested inhuman infrastructure - ensuring individuals do you support? Do measuring outputs. We have to policy work with:people have their basic needs you have a partnership with measure our PROI - philanthropic • One Campaign: investment in Agriculture policy in Africa called Do Agric! which has been highly successful to ensure African heads of state maintain or increase their commitments to investment in agriculture • One Campaign: investment in energy policy - The Electrify Africa act recently passed, impacting more than 100 million on the continent of Africa, to help them get access to energy. • United Nations Foundation: Girl Up policy grants - the Girls Count legislation passed to ensure children in developing countries are registered at birth regardless of their gender • Global Poverty Project: The Water for the World Act passed, helping millions get access to water and sanitation • Global Poverty Project: the Global Food Security Act recently passed, helping ensure basic NOVEMBER 2016 11 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

COVER STORY Agile is the needs are met. sound silly, but as careers have methodology shifted from the storefront to and discipline to All of these investments help the office, engineers have lost harness innovation alleviate poverty and make our sight of what the customer needs and drive, quickly, other grants more effective. to be successful. Whether you’re to a commercialized designing heavy equipment or solution for What are the social impacts of kitchen sinks, you have to stay customers\" your CSR initiatives? Can you focused on what the customer quantify them? wants and what they are willing We have an outcome-based to pay for. One tool that has measurement process that helped us in this focus is Agile helps us measure the impact development. Agile is the of our investments. And we methodology and discipline to expect a philanthropic return on harness innovation and drive, investment. quickly, to a commercialized solution for customers. Cross- What are your future CSR functional Agile teams initiatives? collaborate – leveraging their We hope to continue on the diverse knowledge, experiences path to alleviating poverty. and skill sets – to deliver products, And, ultimately, we hope future in small increments, to customers generations ask \"What was and use their feedback to learn poverty?\" whether the solutions are delivering the desired value. Advice to the Young Engineers Always remember who rings your cash register! This may12 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

NOVEMBER 2016 13Mining Engineering and Its Importance

THE ROLE OFMINING INSOCIETYBy Engr. Prince Joseph Erneszer A. Javier and Engr. Mae Lean I. Langcay14 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Photo by RiskManagementMagazineMining as a process is arguably that are used to make them. thinking in order to come upone of two key foundations of Beyond this, mining can with innovative solutions. Miningmodern society -- the other one contribute to social development also opens up opportunitiesbeing agriculture.The same way and development of science and for more detailed study of thewe get crops and meat from technology, while mitigating its Earth especially the crust. Theseagriculture, we get raw materials environmental impacts. Many solutions can spill over to otherneeded to create a whole range modern mining operations industries and aspects of ourof products that we use from contribute to national economies, lives. Society depends on miningmining. Even during the stone community development, and on plenty of things.age, people have been collecting environmental enhancement. What is mining and how didstones and sharpening them Satisfying the needs of the materials from mining endto make various tools and communities, following local up in our smartphones? SMEweapons. Today, our demand for and national regulations, while Mining Engineering Handbookstones, metals, and other mined implementing environmental defines mining as \"the set ofmaterials is higher than before programs to mitigate and even the processes, the occupation,due to the technologies we use improve the environment are and the industry concerned-- cars, computers, appliances, the hallmarks of what is called with the extraction of mineralscell phones, houses, you name it. \"responsible mining.\" Science and from the earth.\" It involves fourVirtually everything we use today technology benefits from mining major steps namely, exploration,need raw materials from mining as well. This is because the development, production, and-- either as their components or challenges encountered in mining finally, closure and rehabilitation.as components of the machines operations encourage creative The first step in any mining NOVEMBER 2016 15 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Photo by InfoMine Afterwhich the ore will undergo nuclear age. a series of processes of mineral Metallurgy, the process ofproject is to conduct geologic concentrating, melting, and separating or mixing metals,investigations to locate the refining until the final product began as early as 7000 BCdeposit. This stage, called is produced, like copper plates, with copper being melted andexploration, involves surveying of or gold bars. This product will cast into objects, followedrocks on the surface and drilling then be used by manufacturers by lead, silver, gold, and iron.for rocks that are hundreds of to make various tools, electronics, Advancements in metallurgymeters below the surface, among and machines. made it possible to mix metalsother things. Based on the A mine can operate for decades into their alloys forming bronze,information gathered, which are until it runs out of economic iron and brass. During the 18thcalled geologic data, a 3D model mineral reserves. When the mine century, iron metallurgy madeof the mineral deposit can be closes, it must be rehabilitated great strides and made Industrialgenerated by a computer. The into the pre-mine environmental Revolution possible, a periodpossible economic value of the conditions or into sustainable during which the economy ofmine based on all the geologic income-generating projects like an underdeveloped countrydata will then be evaluated. resorts, agroforests, or parks. could be transformed into anThe next stage of mining is development which involves Mining deals with extracting industrial economy, stimulated construction of surface minerals from the earth. The raw by the availability of energy and infrastructure, initial clearing materials dug up from the mine metal sources. This developing of mining area, and initial undergo a series of processes until technology was accompanied excavation or tunneling to reach the final products are produced. by a revolution in science and the ore deposit. Production will These final products are finally engineering. The machine age, commence after fully developing used to manufacture various a product of the industrial the mine. During the production things that we use everyday. revolution, needed certain stage, either a large hole is Mankind has been mining for minerals as raw materials and gradually opened up on the materials since tens of thousands as a source of energy, making ground creating an open pit of years ago. In fact, mining industrial power a measure of or the minerals will be mined and the development of human nation's political and military from underground tunnels. The civilization and culture are so power, and economic wealth. excavated ore will be transported intertwined that major stages Today, our modern society to the processing plant on in human history are identified needs these raw materials for the surface near the mine. by various minerals or their machineries used in various derivatives: Stone Age, Bronze industries, electronics for Age, Iron Age, Steel Age, and computers and communication, Nuclear Age. During the Stone and nuclear fission for warfare Age, man used wood, stone, bone and electrical power generation. and ceramics for shelter, weapons The demand for raw materials and utensils. Other materials from mining is ever-increasing such as ceramics, clay, salt and in order to sustain our growing meteoric iron were used as needs for infrastructure, goods, ornaments, decoration, jewelry, and services. coinage, and components of Virtually all things we use today cosmetics.People eventually are products of mining. Copper, used minerals to make various for example, is used to make components for shelters as well various kinds of products like as transportation equipment. electrical wire, cookware, pipes, Photo by ALS Global Copper, discovered in Cyprus in car parts, paint, and electrical 2700 BC, became a sought-after appliances. Iron is a common component of tools, weapons, component of paint, cosmetics, and kitchen utensils. Uranium, and fertilizers, and when which was first extracted from mixed with carbon forms steel. the Habsburg silver mines in Nickel when mixed with steel Bohemia in the middle ages, produces stainless steel which was initially used to color glass is used for various objects like and ceramics. The radioactive sinks, kitchenware, and musical properties of uranium were then instruments. Gold is primarily discovered, eventually leading to used for jewelry but is also used the development of the nuclear for electronics and electrical bomb and eventually nuclear appliances. Chromite is used for power plants in the 20th century, stainless steel production and Photo by TheAusIMMBulletin signalling the beginning of the also in the tanning process of16 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Photo by Expatchleather. Aluminum is used for percent of total global copper There are more mines for Philippines are OceanaGoldcans, kitchenware, and airplane production in that year. different materials around the Philippines Inc. (OGPI), Rio Tubaparts, among others. Calcium Aluminum comes from the rock world including mines for coal, Nickel Mining Corp. (RTNMC) andcarbonate, fluoride, and titanium called bauxite, with Australia as diamond, graphite, gypsum, Silangan MIndanao Mining Co.,are used for toothpaste. Lithium the biggest producer, producing lithium, natural gas, platinum, Inc. (SMMCI).is an integral component of the almost 80 million tonnes of salt, selenium, sulphur, talc,batteries of our smartphones. bauxite in 2014. This is equivalent titanium, and uranium, to name OGPI, an open pit gold-copperPlenty of things we use have to around 30% of the world's a few. mine in Nueva Vizcaya, focuses oncomponents that came from total output for that year. The Since mining involves intensive improvement of local educationmining. We can go on for hours largest bauxite mine in the world earth excavation and use opportunities, community healthenumerating them all. is the Huntly Mine in Australia, of various chemicals for ore and infrastructure, cultural which produced 18 million tonnes processing, mining, if haphazardly preservation, business andThe raw materials that we need of Bauxite in 2006. done, can negatively impact development opportunities,to manufacture various products In the case of the Philippines, the environment and local conservation of the environment,come from several mines around copper, gold, and nickel are communities where it operates. and local employment supportthe world. mostly mined and exported. The But such impacts can be avoided through its 'We Care\" Program. largest gold producers in the by practicing responsible mining. \"OceanaGold is now ready toCopper for example comes Philippines are Masbate Gold A responsible mine follows the construct our 18-classroomfrom mines in more than 50 Project in Masbate Island, Didipio law and uses best international building. They also provide uscountries, the largest of which Copper Gold Project in Nueva practices for its operations, social with instructional materials, andis the Escondida Copper Mine. Vizcaya, and Padcal Copper- programs, and environmental other supports such as specialThe Escondida Copper Mine in Gold Operation in Benguet. The management. Responsible mines trainings. With the support ofthe Atacama Desert of Northern Toledo Copper Operation in Cebu, exist and they play a major role OceanaGold, I believe thatChile, had an estimated 32 meanwhile, is the largest copper in economic improvement and ENVHS will become a very goodmillion tonnes of copper reserves producer in the country. And the community development. school. We will meet the standardin 2012. In 2013, the mine largest direct shipping nickel ore given to us by the Departmentproduced 1.1 million tonnes of producer is the Rio Tuba Nickel Three examples of responsible of Education.\", Osmundo Espejo,copper, equivalent to around five Project in Palawan. mining companies in the school principal of Eastern Nueva NOVEMBER 2016 17 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Photo by Phys.org18 NOVEMBER 2016 Photo by TIBCO Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Vizcaya National High School. and leadership training.\" In 2015, Science andWith its exemplary efforts SMMCI selected and funded 11 Technology also advancesto implement development academic researches, sponsoredprograms for the community and 80 out-of-school youths in their through miningenvironment, OGPI received a Technical-Vocational training,gold award for best workplace and built eight school buildings Mozambique operations in 2014 programs as well as 3% of theirpractice at the 7th Annual Global benefiting 4000 students in the the Leadership Enhancement mining and ore processing costCSR Summit and Awards held in province. SMMCI also donated and Development (LEAD) Project, for environmental programs.Yogyakarta, Indonesia. dormitory buildings, medical pledging $8.8 million over five Governments should be partnersRTNMC, a nickel ore mine in equipment and ambulance to years to the new agricultural in making responsible miningPalawan, implements community the communities, while at the initiative to benefit farmers from a reality, through the laws thatinitiatives to modernize health same time improving their water three districts in the area. The they pass and implement.centers, eradicate malnutrition systems. Among the recognitions project aims to work with more Mining provides jobs thatand decrease infant and and awards SMMCI received than 50 producer organizations improve the economies andmaternal mortality rate. The are the Safest Mine Award that represent farms to quality of life in the nearbymine also regularly conducts (Exploration Category) and First increase their income and communities. According to thesanitation and health awareness Runner Up for Best Mining Forest business opportunities, improve Mines and Geosciences Bureaucampaigns, and medical missions. (Exploration Category) for its production capacity through of the Philippines, aroundThe company allotted funds for reforestation efforts. farm-level training and provision 235,000 workers are employedits Indigents and Indigenous According to the Philippine Mines of facilities, access to financing, in the minerals industry in thePeoples’ hospitalization program, and Geosciences Bureau, as of BHP's project is expected to country. With a multiplier effectgiving 45,944 individuals free January 2015, mining companies directly benefit 6,500 households of 4, which means that for everyhospitalization and treatment at in the country have committed in the area. To date, around 30 job generated four more jobs arethe company’s hospital; Other a total of around $130 million farmer field schools have already indirectly created in the upstreamsocial projects include coffee for social and community been established. and downstream sectors, roughlyfarming projects that provide projects, which will benefit 711 940,000 jobs are indirectlya stable source of income for barangays. And around $660 Responsible mining, defined as generated by the mining industry.farmer-members from eight million have been committed mining that utilizes best practices A research paper published inimpact barangays, financial for environmental management in community development and 2014 examined employmentsassistance to improve school and rehabilitation programs. 95 environmental management and generated by mines in three otherfacilities, and provision of companies participated in the rehabilitation exists. countries, namely Escondidaeducation-related materials. government's Mining Forest Mine in Chile, Tenge FungurumeRTNMC restores mined-out areas Program, successfully planting Some governments are now Mine in Katanga, Democraticas close as possible to its pre- around 21 million trees over acknowledging their role in Republic of Congo, and variousmining condition or develop 20,000 hectares to date. enforcing responsible mining mines in Zambia. The studythem for other uses, where Responsible mining also exists in in their countries by ratifying found that 2810 workers werethe surrounding communities other parts of the world. Sullivan and implementing laws that directly employed in Escondidawill benefit. Because of these Mine, located in Northwest require companies to allocate Mine in 2003. And around 11,500initiatives, RTNMC was awarded Canada, developed a ski hill funds for social development, jobs were indirectly created bythe Presidential Mineral and provided low-cost land for environmental management, the mine. In 2012, the TengeIndustry Environmental Award a golf course, which were later and environmental rehabilitation. Fungurume Mine in Katanga,for environmental excellence in bought by the local government In the Philippines, the Philippine Democratic Republic of Congo,2015. after mine closure. The previous Mining Act of 1995 requires that directly created 6,600 jobs andSMMCI, a pre-operating mine in mining area then became a year- companies implement social indirectly created 10,500 moreSurigao del Norte, administers its round resort, attracting major development, environmental jobs. In Northwestern Province,community assistance program investments. Another is a bauxite management, and rehabilitation Zambia, mining companiesby involving the impacted mine, Alcoa of Australia Ltd, which programs as applicable during created around 18,000 directcommunities in activities that was listed for fifteen consecutive the exploration, development, jobs and 26,000 indirect jobs.enhance quality of life, imparting years on the UN Global 500 production, and closure stages. Thousands of jobs generatedthem with entrepreneurial skills, Roll of Honor for Environmental During the development stage, directly and indirectly due toproviding seed capital in small- Achievement for its rehabilitation mines are required to allocate large scale mining operationsscale livelihood projects, and works on the Darling Plateau. Its 10% of its total cost for can contribute to povertycreating organizational forums rehabilitation works averages to environmental management reduction. The paper concludedto inform people about the 600 hectares yearly, and involves programs. Mines in the that \"the transformation of apositive and negative effects best practices for landscaping, production stage must allocate subsistence economy into oneof the mining project. Narcita pre-ripping, soil return, fauna 1.5% of their total operating that is at least partly monetaryAjoc, a member of a People's habitat return, final contour cost for social development also creates the conditions forOrganization in the province and ripping and seeding, recalcitrantone of the beneficiaries of the planting, fertilizing, ongoingprogram said, \"SMMCI provided monitoring, and managementus with financial literacy, of rehabilitated area. Finally,bookkeeping, entrepreneurship BHP Billiton launched in its NOVEMBER 2016 19 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

economic diversification and Photo by PhilippineLifestyleNewsempowerment of the poor.\"Aside from creating jobs, of the challenge of dewatering understanding of how magmas relying on mining to acquire rawimplementing community the mine, some people came up move and cool or how minerals materials that we need to makedevelopment programs and with inventions to effectively are deposited in the Earth's crust. the products that we use.vIn theimplementing environmental and cheaply drain the mines, Exciting archeological and modern world we live in, ourmanagement and enhancement starting with a man named paleontological findings are demand for raw materials is everprograms, mining also tangibly Savery who invented the first sometimes unearthed because increasing. We need to minecontributes to the national steam engine for water pumping. of mining operations. In 2011, for materials to make our tools,and local economy through The steam engine design was a three-dimensionally preserved weapons, gadgets, appliances,various taxes and royalties. In further improved by others, most fossil of an armored marine vehicles, and communicationthe Philippines, companies are notably Watt, who coined the dinosaur (either plesiosaur or infrastructure, among others.required to pay an excise tax term \"horsepower\" when he was ichthyosaur) was discovered in Mining also contributes to theequal to 2% of revenue and calculating the number of horses the Millennium Mine in Australia local and national economiescorporate income tax equal to replaced by one steam engine. while an excavator was digging by generating jobs and paying30% of net income, on top of In the 1800s, the steam engine oil-rich sand. And just this year, taxes and royalties. Beyond thesemany other local and national became portable enough to be Namdeb Diamond Corporation in contributions, mining advancestaxes. The taxes and fees used in the first steam-powered Namibia unearthed a gold-laden science and technology bycollected from mining amounted locomotive in Britain. The use of Portuguese ship that sank around encouraging innovation and byto around $450 million in 2014. the steam engine for locomotive 500 years ago by draining the aiding geological, archeological,40% of this fund goes to the was then followed by the use part of the sea where the ship and paleontological research.local government while 60% are of steam engine to propel ships was submerged -- a feat made We can expect society tokept by the national government. in the United States. Initially possible because of the mine's continue to depend on miningIn Brazil, 3% of the net income used as a water pump to drain access to large equipment. for years to come, with morearising from sales of mineral water from coal mines, the steam Mining can contribute to science mines opening up to meetproducts constitute the Financial engine quickly gained popularity and technology by imposing the world's demands. TheCompensation for the Exploration in other industries, especially in challenges that encourage vision then is a much moreof Mineral Resources (CFEM). transportation, which quickened innovation, by opening up responsible mining industryThe CFEM is distributed to the the trade of goods and propelled opportunities to study the that is increasingly disposedstates, municipalities and federal the industrial revolution. Earth, and by sometimes to ensure mitigated impactsgovernment directly affected by Mining opens opportunities excavating artifacts and fossils and sustainable enhancementthe mining industry. to gather information about that can help archeological and programs in the communitiesMining contributes to society underground regions of the paleontological research. and the environment around it;by providing jobs that can add Earth's crust either through Besides agriculture, mining is supported by fair and effectivelywealth to the communities, drilling or through excavation. arguably a foundation of modern implemented governmentby implementing social and Such information can help us human society. We depend on regulations.environmental programs using better understand how the world its products to maintain andbest practices, and by paying works. For example, geologic advance our quality of life. Since Do you think we can rise tovarious taxes and fees to the data can help improve our the stone age, we have been the challenge?national and local governments.Science and technology alsoadvances through mining.The challenges encounteredin mining encourage creativethinking to develop innovativesolutions to overcome thosechallenges. Such solutions canpropagate to other industriesand to our daily lives. Take forexample the the steam enginethat propelled the IndustrialRevolution in Europe andpaved the way to the moderncombustion engine. Thistechnology was initially used toquickly and cheaply pump waterout of British underground coalmines in the 17th century --replacing horses traditionally usedin dewatering systems. Because20 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

IS MINING ENGINEERINGFOR YOU? Photo by GurukulVidyapeethWhen choosing the course you’ll to be involved in mining, your working underground?be taking in college, there’s role as a mining engineer involves 7. Can you communicate well witha lot to consider before you finding the safest, most efficient other people?finally settle with an answer and responsible mining methodsfor yourself. First, there’s your for your company. If you’ve thought long and hardinterest in a certain field. and answered “Yes!” to all theThen you have to consider the However, before you worry about questions mentioned above, thenopportunities available once those things, you may want to ask mining engineering may be foryou graduate. yourself these questions: you! Mining engineering can beMining engineering involves fun if your interest generally leansextracting different metals 1. Do you like being outside on math, sciences and outdoors.and minerals in the most the walls of an air-conditioned For more details about the course,efficient way possible. Given building? you may want to ask the localthe concerns people have for 2. Do you excel (or even mining engineers in your areathe environment nowadays, understand) different math and or ask your guidance counselormining engineers not only have science lessons? to help you decide whether youto think of the efficiency, one 3. Are you curious on how things should pursue this or not.must also consider finding the work?process which least affects the 4. Do you love solving problems?environment negatively. Lastly, 5. Are you interested in naturalmining engineering involves resources?safety as well. So if you decide 6. Would you even consider NOVEMBER 2016 21 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

CANADA’S Photo by Cameco URANIUM MININGCONSIDERED CLEANER THAN MOST Canada is one of the world’s is little compared to the total detailed than the few studies that largest producers of uranium emissions produced by nuclear have been done before.” with an estimated 582,500 power generation. If compared to the production tonnes of it found in the country. The study states that only a gram of power from coal and natural Most people would give mining of greenhouse gases is produced gas, uranium produces 12 grams a bad name. Mining uranium from mining and milling uranium of CO2 emissions per kilowatt has always been looked down for every kilowatt-hour of power hour from nuclear power, while on by environmentalists due to from the power generated by coal produces 800 grams of CO2 the bad reputation of producing uranium. According to the author per kilowatt hour and 500 grams high amount of greenhouse of the paper David Parker from from natural gas. This study was gases. However, researchers from the University of Saskatchewan, presented and published last July the University of Saskatchewan \"This is the first rigorous look at 29, 2016. It’s supported by the believe that the amount of greenhouse gas emissions from Sylvia Fedoruk Canadian Centre greenhouse gases produced uranium mining and milling in for Nuclear Innovation. from uranium mining and milling Saskatchewan. And it’s more THE SEARCH IS ON FOR CONCRETE WITH RECYCLED AGGREGATESAlmost every material now is aggregates. transportation operations for New Mexica State University.being utilized to be recycled. From Much has been developed about these aggregates consume large Factors like durability and life-paper, plastics, tin, and wood, these partial replacement of the binding amounts of energy and adversely cycle costs are being looked atmaterials compose new products element in structural concrete, affect the ecology of forested areas to ensure this upcoming newthat are useful to mankind. But which is cement, with industrial and riverbeds. They are devising aggregate as a viable alternative.how about recycled aggregate for by-products such as fly ash, slag, ways to find a substitute for natural More importantly, it will beconcrete? That we haven’t found and silica fume. But no research aggregates. tested to its effects in pre-stressedyet. has been forwarded towards the Of course this won’t be as easy as it concrete and also in pre-cast.Well, until the research led by replacement of coarse aggregates, looks. Initial research of the team There are already existingYahya “Gino” Kurama, a professor which Kurama and his team have had studied 16 recycled aggregate applications of recycled aggregateof civil and environmental found ground on. sources in the Midwest of the in concrete but they are merely usedengineering and earth sciences Their concern lies on the United States to evaluate their in non-structural construction likefrom the University of Notre Dame conservation of coarse aggregates capacity as a structural material, sidewalks and roadways. That’s anwill produce significant results in such as crushed rock and gravel, but to no avail. The study has to be old age development. What we’refinding alternatives for recycled which composes a large part expanded to many more sources looking for now is a new material toaggregate, civil engineers will of a given concrete volume. from the eastern, southern and be used as an alternative aggregatehave to deal with the conventional The mining, processing, and southwestern U.S. with the help of for structural concrete, to be usedstructural concrete with natural the University of Texas at Tyler and in buildings and bridges. Photo by WikipediaCommons22 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Photo by TwisterSifterWORLD’S LARGESTLAND VEHICLEIf you think you’ve seen the world’s cubic feet. In a day, the Bagger of caterpillar track assembles.largest land vehicle and it’s not an 288 can process 100,000 cubic Moreover, every highway itexcavator, think again. yards of material equivalent to crosses needs to be fully rebuiltCurrently holding the world’s biggest 2,500 truckloads. because of its weight, basicallyland vehicle is the Bagger 288 The original function of this earth destroying everything that is in itsexcavator which is built by Krupp digger is to work in open-pit coal path. It needs tons of people for(now ThyssenKrupp) of Germany mines in Germany, which might its mobility too, a good 70 menand now owned and operated by be in halt with country mandating to prepare the way. Its preferredRWE AG, a large utility company. a shutdown of all German coal transferring was throughThe bucket wheel excavator is mining by 2018. Its design and caterpillar treads rather thanintimidatingly humongous at 311 manufacture took five years, not disassemble-and-reassemblefeet in height, 705 feet in length and including the assembly which is because it is less expensive.46,600 tons – in contrast, Titanic was another five years, totalling to a The Bagger 288 replaced NASA’s46,328 tons. It takes five people to cost of $100 for its production. Crawler-Transporter in the throneoperate it having a 70-foot diameter Being a huge vehicle has its of the world’s largest land vehicle.bucket wheel, with 20 buckets that downsides – it can only go one-can scoop earth material of over 530 third of a mile per hour on 3 rows NOVEMBER 2016 23 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

10 BEST YOUTUBE CHANNELS THAT FEATURE THE MINING INDUSTRYIn the millions of videos uploaded mining enthusiasts. to its commitment in meeting Mining is rich of uploads aboutto YouTube everyday, there is mining with sustainability. mining processes. One couldthat very small percent dedicated The National Mining Its YouTube displays a variety learn so much through theirfor people who like to study Association of workshops, programs and channel with their lots of videos,and know more about mining. updates on the mining industry, plus it’s more engaging becauseCompanies and groups involved If you are looking for Mine Expo which reflects the organization of the organized selections.in the mining industry have taken coverage over the years, this is it. composed of 22 large miningto YouTube to educate and reach The National Mining Association companies and 32 most Anglo Americanmore people through presenting has a rich collection of videos, distinguished association in thevideos containing information, including CoreSafety Modules sector. Probably one of the mostoperations, initiatives and future that will help you in mining important YouTube channelsplans. management, and personal World Gold Council about mining in this list, AngloIf you’re one who likes to discover interview that will make you American presents videos thatthe world of mining, this list of understand more about mining. The YouTube channel of justify their mark in the worldYouTube channels is for you (all World Gold Council boasts of of mining. They claim to be oneembedded videos are owned by NSW Mining insights about the gold market, of the largest diversified miningthe respective channels: empowered by interview with companies in the world, and their Making it in this list is another members of the council. This uploads align so well with that.Newmont Mining association called the NSW is your go-to channel when it Minerals Council. It is the leading comes to gold trends. Caterpillar MiningThis YouTube channel features mining association for Newvideos that range from their South wales in Australia, with Joy Global Save the best for last, they say.involvement in the news, the a YouTube channel filled with Caterpillar Mining provideshistory of mining ad Newmont, videos on a variety of mining Joy Global takes their YouTube users the finest viewingand more importantly the topics, with focus on women manufacturing of mining experience there is for followerseconomic impact of mining. in mining, new technological equipment to YouTube. Featured of mining, with their growing advances and updates for mining in their channel are videos about video collection. This channelBarrick Gold Corp. in Australia. their products and systems just proves how Caterpillar leads that can be eyegasmic –worth in this industry, through theirBeing the largest gold producer in International Council on mentioning is the conveyor videos featuring new equipment,the world, Barrick Gold has got to Mining & Metals (ICMM) systems. updates, and innovative videos.spread the news through videos.They have a small collection of With more than 40 videos in their Sandvik Miningvideo features that might interest channel, International Council on Mining & Metals (ICMM) is true This YouTube channel by Sandvik24 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

3 SIMULATIONGAMES ABOUTMININGWORTH A TRYMining is known to be a rocks and drill tunnels. You are Photo by StartSelectdangerous and dirty work, going to excavate materials Photo by Youtubeusually involving long shifts. through a shovel dozer, withSome people might be other operations involvinginterested in exploring this cranes and trains. You alsoworld regardless of that, but have to steer all vehicles likeit can be unsafe because of the maintenance van, crane,the unfamiliarity of work tunnel drilling machine or theenvironment. So what better fire brigade. This is made byway can mining be more Libredia.of a personal experience?Simulation games, of course! Surface MiningPlunge into the underground Simulatoror open-pit deposits usingsimulators that will give you This PC application embarksan idea of how life is like you on tasks involving miningbeing a miner or a mining on the surface of minerals likeengineer. These three games coal, turf, gravel, sand andwill definitely help: rocks using wheel loaders, bulldozers, crushing machinesUnderground Mining and conveyors. You are allowedSimulator to create, edit and exchange machines, if you like; but thePublished by Excalibur greatest takeaway of thisPublishing, the Underground Ingress simulator game is youMining Simulator explores will feel like you’re runningmining of coal, iron, salt and your own mining business.gold mines. In this applicationfor PC, one can experiencemining through explosives,drilling equipment, and facetunnelling machine.Mining and Tunneling Photo by YoutubeSimulatorAlso available on PC, theMining and TunnelingSimulator focuses on blasting NOVEMBER 2016 25 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Photo by youtubeFILIPINO ELECTRONICSENGINEER MOTIVATES FUTUREENGINEERS THROUGH SONG By Cielo PandaSo, how bad do you want that of Travie McCoy’s and Bruno Mars’ on both examinations.engineering license? hit song, Billionaire, to motivate He created the cover because heYou’vedoneyourbestinengineering future licensure examination was inspired by his students. “I alsoschool and finally graduated, but takers everywhere. did it to lessen the nervousnessit doesn’t end there. After that, Engr. Emanuel got the top of all engineers-in-the-makingthere’s another challenge to face spot in the Philippines’ 2014 who will take the exam, especiallythat will complete the first step Electronics Engineering Licensure my students,” Emanuel said. “Itowards professionalism—taking Examination, and was one of the want to be part of an engineeringyour licensure examination. 5th placers in the 2013 Electronics student’s success that’s why I’veReviewing for your licensure Technician Licensure Examination. decided to choose a teachingexamination can be very stressful He was also Magna Cum Laude career. I feel very happy that I willmentally. This isn’t just any in the course BS Electronics always be part of their success.”normal exam wherein you could Engineering at the Polytechnic He added.procrastinate reviewing for a week University of the Philippines- Here’s a piece of advice fromor two. Usually it takes a few Maragondon. Currently, he is an Emanuel for the future batchesmonths to cram 4 (or more) years instructor at Excel Review Center, of engineers around the world:of your engineering knowledge into a licensure examination review “Always have a timeline, put moreyour brain before you can say that center in the Philippines. effort on your studies, but makeyou’re ready to take the licensure According to Emanuel, he already sure that you also have yourexamination. The anxiety is real! had the feeling that he would pass leisure time. Always take notes, itThat’s why Emanuel Gabriel, a both exams, and he was aiming to will surely help you.”Filipino engineer, created a cover be at the top—and he succeeded26 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Photo by TEDTalks Photo by MinicabA BIOLOGICAL HUGE GOLDEXTRACTION NUGGET FOUND BYFOR MINING AND LUCKY AUSTRALIANBIOENERGYJuan Enriquez, a futurist biological one. Let's say Imagine having the shock of The lucky Australian has beenwho professes the changes for example the works your life when you find a real doing this during weekendsthat genomics will bring in of the Nobel Prize and gold nugget using a metal for the past ten years. Asbusiness, technnology and Congressional Medal of detector. This Australian soon as he discovered thesociety wants us to change Honor winner Norman prospector thought he gold, he went out for a fewhow we approach fuel or Borlaug. He developed was just looking at an old drinks with his friends (whombioenergy. Genomics, or and taught people a horseshoe when he saw a he’ll be sharing the moneya branch in genetics that more efficient war of 4.1kg gold nugget at the they’ll get with), wrappeddeals with the analysis growing grains as part of southern edge of Central the gold in foil and placed itand sequencing of an the Green Revolution. So Victoria’s Golden Triangle. It inside an oven.organism's genome, is a in order to grow plants is located in South Australia. How much do you think theway in order to deal with with just massive land He said, “I thought it was discovered gold will sell?how bioenergy should be cultivation and employing rubbish at first, maybe an old Minicab reports that it isutilized. Bioenergy on the machineries for faster horseshoe. About 12 inches expected to sell for moreother hand, is what you get production, the biology below the ground, I could than US$190,000. It was awhen you use agricultural behind the grains must just barely make out the top lucky find indeed.or forest residues, organic be utilized first. Enriquez of something.” Later on, hewastes and crops as a means said that a huge part of realized it was real gold asof extracting energy to the destruction brought he dug deeper. “It wasn’tproduce heat, electricity and about by coal mining an old piece of steel in frontfuels. And genomics come will be lessened if a of me. I had just unearthedinto play when the DNA more biological way of a colossal gold nugget – acomponent and the biology extracting it is developed. once in a lifetime find! (…)of the biomass resources are How is coal produced? I didn't think nuggets of thisaltered to produce energry How can the gases be size were still around.”instead of the usual massive collected? Bioenergyextraction (and destruction). should transition from He then named the goldAccording to Enriquez, a brute force method “Friday’s Joy.”mankind has always of acquiring biomassresorted to brute force in resources into a biologicalacquiring natural resources force.and it would be better ifthe thinking jumps from anengineering approach, toa chemical and to finally a NOVEMBER 2016 27 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Photo by komatsu $30 BILLION MARKET FOR CONSTRUCTION ELECTRIC VEHICLES Electric vehicles for than most people realise. So it is lifting the ore from bottom to construction, agriculture and with the electric versions set for top. In an all-electric solution mining will be a $30 billion 253,000 to be sold in 2025. new pollution laws can be met, market in 2025. Komatsu, John This is an industry about to image improved and money Deere, Caterpillar, and others change radically. For example, in saved, the electricity coming manufacture the big vehicles mining, over 90% of the world's from the mine's own wind - mainly hybrid - while other mines are open cast. They are turbines and photovoltaics. manufacturers offer smaller, often in remote places up to 4000 Battery swapping and fast pure-electric versions. meters above sea level, where charging of those batteries shipping diesel can cost more means 350 kWh batteries Pure electric is a legal requirement than buying it. Consequently, suffice - big but no larger than indoors. Outdoors, fuel saving there is now a move to have 350 those in other EV sectors. and better performance attracts. kW giant haul trucks working Cranes and man lifters have the floor and separately the top of many applications. Their the mine with electric rail-veyors production volumes are larger28 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Photo by CleanAgencySCOTTISH RESEARCHERSFOUND BETTER WAY TORECOVER GOLD FROM E-WASTEGold can be found in today’s printed better way to extract gold from an oily liquid, which contains acircuit boards (PCBs) so it makes old gadgets. Published in the chemical compound from thesense that researchers would find journal Angewandte Chemie, team. This allows the gold to bea way to extract them from used their method of recovering gold extracted from the other metals.PCBs.This recycling method is crucial is safer and more effective than Professor Jason Love, thein today’s gold recovery processes current techniques. They have research leader, said, \"We areas mining companies are having a estimated a total of 300 tonnes very excited about this discovery.hard time in exploring new sources of this precious metal recovered We have shown that ourof this precious metal. According from used electronics each year fundamental chemical studies onto researchers, around 7% of the if implemented. the recovery of valuable metalselectrical waste the world produces Funded by the Engineering from electronic waste could haveis gold. and Physical Sciences Research potential economic and societalNow, Scottish scientists from Council, the method involves benefits.”University of Edinburgh have dissolving the metal parts of thereleased their new findings on a PCBs in a mild acid, then adding NOVEMBER 2016 29 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

FIND OUT WHAT Photo by Rio2016DRONES SEEWHEN FLYING WHAT THETHROUGH A 2016 RIOMINING STOPE OLYMPIC MEDALS AREDrones find another purpose as miners MADE OFdevelop their own mining drones. by Cielo Panda Photo by YoutubeNewmarket Gold has industry. It can be used What you see is not always what The bronze medal, on the otherdesigned their own drone to aid with operator you get. hand, is made in part from theto inspect open stopes for training during field work, The most-coveted medal for the same copper that are in Brazilianmisfires and to map the where a live feed can be 2016 Summer Olympics to be coins.surrounding walls inside sent to the trainer while held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil The gold and silver medals havea mine. Ion Hann,Mine operator plans a heading. is not exactly what its name their silver coming from mirrorsManager of the Fosterville Hann commented that implies: the 500-g gold medal and plates. A total of 1.6 tonnesGold Mine, said that the their ultimate goal is to barely contains the precious of silver was used in 812 goldmine had already been get the drones into an yellow metal, only about 6 grams, medals and 812 medals. On thebuilt and developed last autonomous state so the with the rest, 494 grams, as silver. other hand, about 172 ounces ofyear and is providing risks of site inspections and But its maker assures that the gold were used to create all 812remarkable advances in re-entries would lessen as gold is to have a certain amount gold medals.mining today. They hope operators would be able to of purity and of very high quality In total, the makers Brazilianto reach the stage where do it on the surface. amid the lustrous coat. This Mint spent over $228,000 worthdrones enter the mining medal costs US$568.02. of gold and over $1 million worthindustry as a standard The other medals also have the of silver at current prices.for emergency responses, same weight. The silver medal is Best of the best athletes in thiswhich includes search 92.5% pure silver, according to year’s Rio Olympics will takeand rescue scenarios the production manager of the home medals 85 mm in diameter,underground. Olympic medals at the Brazilian 11 mm high in the center and 6There are numerous Mint, Victor Hugo Criado mm high on the edges.possibilities of this type Berbert. It is worth about $315.of technology beingintroduced in the mining30 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

25 AWESOME THINGS YOUDIDN’T KNOW ABOUT GOLDby Cielo PandaGold was used as a currency of choice in the past, but even though it isn’t used as currency anymore, it stillretains its value. Here are 25 awesome things you didn’t know about gold.Gold is one of the substances George de Hevesy melted ice cream testers use gold #10 Did you know that goldthat are equated with down the gold Nobel Prizes spoons so that they wouldextreme value. Have you of German physicists Max avoid the after taste of using is actually edible?ever wondered why? Why is von Laue and James Frank regular spoons?gold considered one of the so that Nazis wouldn’t #9 Gold can be found onmost valuable metals in the confiscated them. They were #15 Roman politician Gaiusuniverse? One of the reasons recast after the war. every continent.could be because it’s one of Gracchus has a bounty putthe rarest metals on earth, #22 Have you ever on his head of its weight in #8 Gold is usually forciblybut there are other metals gold. The head was deliveredthat are even rarer. So what’s wondered why sailors often but the bounty wasn’t paid extracted from water duringthe deal? Well, out of all wore gold earrings? It’s so because the person who earthquakes because of thethe rare elements like silver that if they drowned and captured the head filled it pressure deep within theand platinum, gold has one washed up on the beach, with lead. Earth’s crust.distinction that makes it the earrings would servestand out—it’s yellowish. as payment for a proper #14 Did you know that #7 The leaves of theAlso it doesn’t react with Christian burial.other elements so it doesn’t aluminium used to be the eucalyptus tree have beentarnish. All the others are #21 The Olympic gold most valuable metal on found to contain somegrayish. Gold was used as a Earth? Rich people would traces of gold.currency of choice in the past, medal is only 1% gold. eat using aluminium cutlerybut even though it isn’t used #20 In Dubai, there are will poorer people would use #6 All the gold ever minedas currency anymore, it still ATM’s that dispense gold gold!retains its value. Here are 25 bars! in human history can fillawesome things you didn’t #13 Mansa Musa, the ruler up three Olympic-sizedknow about gold. #19 Most of the gold that swimming pools. of the Mali Empire, spent#25 A ton of old cell phones is found in the Earth’s crust so much gold in Egypt that #5 Almost half of the gold was placed there by asteroid he devalued it and almostwill give you more gold than 1 strikes. destroyed the economy. came from Witwatersrand,ton of gold ore South Africa. #18 Most of the gold on #12 According to list25,#24 If all the gold in the #4 The fear of gold is called Earth is in the core because Chinese prisoners are forcedocean was taken out, there it sank to the center while to mine gold in the game Aurophobia.would be enough for every the Earth was being formed. World of Warcraft. There areperson on Earth to have 9 sources that report nearly #3 Indian housewives holdpounds. #17 In 1859, gold miners in 100,000 virtual gold farmers throughout the country. almost 11% of the world’s#23 Hungarian chemist the Rocky Mountains woke gold. That’s more than the up at 1am to eat breakfast #11 LEGO used to give a US, Germany, Switzerland because the aurora was so and the International bright that they thought it 25.65 gram brick of gold to its Monetary Fund combined. was morning. employees who completed 25 years of service. #2 The largest gold bar in #16 Did you know that the world weighs 250 kg or 551 pounds. #1 Your body contains around .2mg of gold which is mostly found in your bloodstream. Photo by MITPhoto by Envirotect NOVEMBER 2016 31 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

WHICH COUNTRIES HAVE TLARGEST GOLD RESERVES?Photo by Mining 32 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

THE? “Who owns most of the and gold chains for men got world’s gold?” to their senses, they found When this question was the perfect question: which asked by the people countries have the largest behind Karus Chains, which gold reserves? And so they obviously uses so much gold also found the best answer. that asking where most of With data coming from the gold comes from matters International Financial so much to them, it only Statistics 2016, Karus Chains opened to more questions detailed a map to that will about our resources of gold. determine which nations Should it be a question of hold the most gold reserves. which countries mine the In the map, one can find 20 most gold and not just who, countries, which hold 88% as if a person? Or a question of the total gold reserves, of which countries buy the with their corresponding precious metal? Maybe of share in the world’s gold. the export and imports of Check the map: gold? But when the company who offer high quality silver NOVEMBER 2016 33 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

34 NOVEMBER 2016 Photo by IndustrySA Mining Engineering and Its Importance

LATEST TRENDSIN THE MININGINDUSTRYLatest Trends in the Mining Industry Mercedes-Benz optimized by MTU for off- Photo by SiemensGineersNow Feature Admin 28.03.2016 76 road operations.Share minus Via Mining Your Future TVShow The new Certiq machine monitoring Trackman rubber caterpillar tracks fromsystem from Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB Continental AG help to ensure safe drivingis now the standard for the company's in the construction sector. They resembleconstruction and mining machines. The closed drive belts with a tread profileCertiq system is based on telematics, i.e. on which heavy equipment and tractionwireless data transmission. It allows the machines such as transporters or roadowners and operators of above and below- building machines run. Thanks to the newground drilling equipment for example to Armorlug technology, the rubber caterpillarmonitor the performance of their machines tracks offer even better performance andat any time and from any location. With last longer. A number of layers of materialthe real-time data available, owners and embedded in the drive studs strengthen theoperators can optimize their machines' material and thus increase its durability.equipment to ensure that they achieve The conveyor belt solutions for the efficientmaximum productivity and profitability. transport of goods are reliable, economicalThe Certiq software collects and records a and environmentally friendly too.huge amount of data while a machine isoperating. These data are then shown on Visitors to the trade fair will be able toa special web portal in the form of easy- find out about the latest product solutionsto-understand graphics. Users can easily in the area of inclined conveying, closedlog on to the portal with their unique login belt systems, heat-resistant conveyordata in order to monitor an individual belts, energy-optimized transport ormachine or an entire fleet. The system not lightweight PVC belts. Cummins Inc.,only tells users how a machine is currently Columbus, Indiana, USA, will present thebeing used or was used in the past but next generation of ultra-clean enginesalso gives details of machine availability which meet the EU's Stage V emissionsrates, maintenance requirements and regulations for construction machines andmuch more. The system even produces mining/materials handling equipmentperformance reports automatically and which are due to come into force in 2019.sends them via e-mail to the owner or The engines which produce anything fromoperator of the machine. 55 to 300 kW not only satisfy the “virtually zero emissions” requirement of the StageBell Equipment has complemented its V regulations but also offer an increase inE series generation of articulated dump power and torque of up to ten percent. Thetrucks with a total of four new models. improvements in engine power for StageWith the current Bell B25E and B30E dump V are achieved thanks to an innovativetrucks, the new mid-range B35E and B40E approach when it comes to combustion,models and the new B45E and B50E large airflow and fuel injection systems whichdump trucks, Bell continues to focus on allows Cummins to exploit the full potentialthe “classic” categories and still offers the of the four-cylinder QSF3.8 and QSB4.5 asworld's largest 6x6 program. The Bell B35E well as the six-cylinder QSB6.7 and QSL9—and B40E models are following the general with no increase in cubic capacity.market trend with considerably highernominal loading capacities. Bell Equipment Zetros is a range of HGVs from Daimler AG'shas made the step towards EU4/Tier4 Mercedes-Benz brand. They are primarilyfinal with new six cylinder engines from designed for heavy off-road use. With their NOVEMBER 2016 35 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

conventional bonnet design, they offer numerous synergy effects for customers using an HRS 2638 roller screen. very good off-road performance and are when it comes to integration, for example low in height. To allow easy maintenance, with regard to connections or the supply of Herrenknecht AG supplies tunneling the engine is accessible without having spare parts. machines with diameters of 0.10 to 19 m to tip the driver's cab. The Zetros has for all geologies worldwide. The company a long-bonnet design and is available With the LF-21H, GHH Fahrzeuge GmbH also supplies deep drilling rigs and drilling exclusively with permanent all-wheel drive. is launching a high-performance LHD with machines for vertical and inclined shafts. Its standard wading depth is 800 mm, a 21 t loading capacity. The so-called One innovation which is to be presented while 1,190 mm is optionally possible. The Efficient Drive System (EDS) was optimized at bauma is a slant directional drilling Zetros features an OM 926 LA six-cylinder specially for mining applications. The (SDD) rig. Slant directional drilling is an diesel engine with a cubic capacity of 7.2 environmentally friendly Deutz engine alternative drilling technique which allows l and a power output of 240 kW. Engines satisfies the highest EU Stage IV emissions shallow, conventional or unconventional with Euro3 and Euro5 emissions values are norm, as a result of which the need for oil and gas deposits to be exploited. It is a available. The drivetrain has permanent underground ventilation is minimized. In symbiosis of horizontal (HDD) and vertical all-wheel drive as well as a transfer case addition to the standard version, the LHD directional drilling (VDD). While the entry with an off-road gear ratio of 1:1.69. The is available in various cab versions, thus angle with HDD is between eight and 18 Zetros comes as standard with a nine- allowing it to be used even in situations degrees, it is 90 degrees with respect to speed manual gearbox. However, it is also with a roadway height of just 2.5 m. A the earth's surface with VDD. Deposits at available with a fully automatic gearbox Z linkage designed for ore mining allows low depths for example can be reached from Allison. the very highest breakout forces and is quickly using an angle of 30 degrees, while designed for loading corresponding dump the angle allows a horizontal deflection for Construction machines, vehicles and trucks. further drilling. equipment as well as mining machines are the principal applications for engines from The Hazemag Group develops and Keestrack N.V. will present the new H4 Deutz AG. The manufacturer will unveil its manufactures machines and other systems caterpillar mobile cone crusher (35 to 50 newly developed TCD 2.2 diesel and gas for the construction and mining industries. t transport weight). At the heart of the engine as well as the established TCD 2.9 in The products and systems are used to model designed for high-quality secondary a gas version. With up to 55 kW, the TCD 2.2 prepare and enhance raw materials in or tertiary production with a handling is a further option for materials handling the construction industry and to travel capacity of between 120 and 200 t/h and compact construction machine underground routes in coal, salt, potash, ore, is the proven cone crusher technology applications in particular. Unusually, the platinum and diamond mines for example. which was optimized specifically for engine will be launched in both a diesel and The Lehigh Cement Company (Heidelberg mobile use. According to Keestrack, the a liquid gas (LPG or fuel gas) version. The Cement Group) has ordered a semi-mobile innovative crusher control and monitoring gas version will produce 42 kW and is an limestone crusher from Hazemag for its solutions which have a direct influence innovation within Deutz's otherwise diesel- Union Bridge site. The system will process over the output capacity and product driven product range. The TCD 2.2 will go up to 2,500 t of limestone per hour—with a quality are particularly groundbreaking. into production in 2019 to coincide with feed size of up to 2,000 mm. The material is As the successor to the Galleon range, the EU Stage V emissions norm coming discharged from a 400 t feed hopper using the Keestrack H4 has a completely new into force. All TCD 2.2 and 2.9 models use an HAF 25160 apron feeder. The fines in frame design which allows not only high- the same engine platform. This means the feed material are screened at 100 mm performance pre- and post-screening Photo by ResolveImmix36 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Photo by Africaequipment but also the use of innovative of machines. In addition, the machine can all, Komatsu has optimized both the shoveldrive technologies. As a result, the Keestrack be transported in one piece and can be design and the hydraulic system. As a result,H4 is the world's first mobile cone crusher quickly put into operational position thanks the machine can swing around more quicklyto offer a highly efficient three-deck post- to hydraulic moving machine components. and the shovel can penetrate the materialscreening module with an oversize material more easily.recycler for the production of three high- Kögel Trailer GmbH & Co. KG will presentgrade end products in one pass. Keestrack the new Kögel Multi. This versatile trailer is To coincide with bauma, Liebherr-is offering a choice of two economical drive particularly suitable for transporting building International Deutschland GmbH willcombinations: direct diesel drive of the materials and for weather-resistant freight. launch the Liebherr PR 776, the firstcrusher with electrical or electro-hydraulic The platform semi-trailer has a reinforced infinitely variable hydrostatically poweredperipherals (conveyors, screen units etc.) chassis and a semi-trailer load capacity of crawler tractor in the 70-ton category.or the fully hybrid/“plug-in” version with 15 t to meet the heavy-duty requirements Designed for the most demanding miningan electrical crusher drive system powered in the construction industry. Depending on and quarrying applications, it is poweredby an on-board diesel generator or mains the application, the trailer's aluminum walls by a Liebherr twelve-cylinder diesel engineelectricity. can be removed. This makes the Multi ideal with a maximum power of 565 kW. It for transporting various building materials. has a maximum operating weight of 74With the Mobicone MCO 11 PRO mobile t and can be equipped with blades withcone crusher, Kleemann GmbH, a Wirtgen In response to customers' requirements, a capacity of 18 m³ (semi-U blade) or 22Group company, is heralding the launch of Komatsu Mining developed the new m³ (U blade). Thanks to its modern driveits newly developed PRO Line. It offers quarry PC7000. Komatsu designed the 677 t concept, the new PR 776 crawler tractoroperators particularly robust machines machine with a view to creating the safest is extremely economical. The infinitelyfor high-performance applications. The and most efficient large hydraulic excavator variable hydrostatic drive system whichmachine is driven by a powerful yet in its class. The PC7000 is powered by two is used in all Liebherr crawler tractors iseconomical diesel-electric drive system 1,250 kW diesel engines and is optionally an innovation in this class of machines.which allows operation with an external available with an electric drive system. With Another advantage of the modern drivepower supply. The cone crusher with a its 36 m³ shovel or backhoe bucket, the concept is the needs-based feed pressuremaximum feed capacity of up to 470 t/h is PC7000 is designed for use in a range supply. If, for example, the full feed pressureequipped with the innovative Continuous of conditions. The PC7000 is tailored to supply is not required during operation, thisFeed System (CFS) which ensures efficient the 240 to 290 t 830E and 860E dump is automatically returned.use of crushing capacity. The MCO 11 PRO trucks from Komatsu. Drivers will notice theis also ideal for use in linked combinations machine's improved control system. After NOVEMBER 2016 37 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

WMIHNAETRAARLSE TAHNED MMOESTAT While there are people who object to mining, Gold Photo by MarketWatch those who support it are actively campaigning Silver Photo by Wikipedia for responsible mining in their areas. The world is full of resources that we can use to advance our technology and provide a supply to our daily needs, so people should see that there is importance in mining. However, governments and private companies should only allow practices that includes rehabilitation of the mine. If they tolerate mining companies who just leave mines as they are after all the resources have been taken away, communities will have to suffer from different consequences later on. Minerals mined are used for different purposes, but they all have one thing in common: everybody needs them. These minerals are mined and processed later on so that the public can use them for the production of the latest technology, for vanity purposes and even for the toothpaste we use to brush our teeth with. You see, mining is crucial for human kind and these minerals mined have played important roles in our lives now. In this list, we’ll be giving you the minerals commonly mined in Africa. Quartz Photo by UniversityOfPittsburgh38 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

ATLCSOIMNMAOFRNILCYAM?INEDCobalt Photo by Roger'sMinerals Bauxite Photo by GeologyTin, tantalum and tungsten Platinum Group MetalsPhoto by Emaze Photo by SpecialtyMetalsFluorspar Photo by Minmat NOVEMBER 2016 39 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

AUSTRALIANMINING ACTIVITYINCREASES URANIUMCONCENTRATION INTHE ANTARCTICPhoto by ABC40 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Researchers from the University of country exports almost 7,000 concentrations are enrichedMaine believe that the increasing tonnes of yellow cake annually. above levels in the Earth’smining activity in Australia According to the lead researcher crust, the source of uranium iscauses the increase of uranium Mariusz Potocki, who is a doctoral attributed to human activitiesconcentrations in the Antarctic candidate and research assistant rather atmospheric circulationtoday. The mining activity involved with the Climate Change Institute: changes.”is the open pit mining in Australia. “Uranium concentrations in the If the uranium concentrationThe results of this study will be ice core increased by as much continues to increase, this willpublished later on in the next as 10^2 between the 1980s and surely affect a lot of health issuesissue of Atmospheric Environment 2000s, accompanied by increased including genetic mutations,Journal. variability in recent years.” cancer and other major healthAustralia has around 40% of the He and his team also adds: problems.world’s uranium reserves but “Since other land-source dustdespite the high percentage of elements don’t show similarreserves, this industry is not a large increases in the ice core,major employer in Australia. The and since the increased uranium NOVEMBER 2016 41 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

10 ISSUES AND TRENDS THATAFFECT THE MINING INDUSTRYby Dion Greg Reyes Photo by DecanterThe mining industry has slow down in exploration trends that cover all aspectsbeen in a complicated spending. On top of that affecting the miningposition in recent years. are the regulations, tax industry.Several mining companies burdens and stakeholder Operational excellencehave been affected by expectations which are If mining companies wantmany trends that have been nowhere near the end. to survive, they have toinconsistent, causing fears Yet amid all that weight maintain the good parts inthat the business might on the shoulders of these their industry. They needcollapse anytime. Some mining companies, they to push strategies includingdays, there is hope for them; continue to operate. They energy efficiency programs,but mostly they fall to the look at opportunities of adoption of lean practices,downward spiral. growth, and track the trends investment in innovation,That is the reality in mining to change the way things and data integration.right now. Down cycles in the are. Efforts should also be doneindustry have been endless, Deloitte, a company that in supply chain optimization,with commodity prices provides business insights, back office outsourcing,getting weak, declining listed the top 10 issues operating model review,grades, and demand falling mining companies had improved capital allocation,off. This causes companies and still to face with the working capital efficiency,to come short in capital and rest of this year. It tackles42 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

greater collaboration, and Global energy mix Capital crisis Photo by Bolour Kaviraccountability. The biggest threat for mining For an industry goingInnovation companies is renewables. Its downwards, it’s difficult Mergers & acquisitionsThere is new technology flourish has been apparent in to attract capital. Mining Contrary to predictions,everyday and mining recent years, losing the gains companies will be at the mining M&A has beencompanies seem to not of miners. risk if they don’t seek for disappointing. Deals in theembrace modernization. But ironically, fossil fuels are alternative sources of mining industry are mostlyBut when they do, if at all, needed in the production of financing to push through divestments and rescue-typethey don’t engage with it alternative power sources. their operations. deals in the recent years.externally and only adopt What mining companies They have to be creative for But amid the situation,with the old techniques. could do is pay close attention sure in finding new financing today is the best time toMining companies need to to global energy demand options. Suggestions include make acquisitions, especiallytake advantage of networks, patterns and shift to the likely commercializing dormant uncontested assets.machine learning, genomics, stronger demand for uranium assets, pooling resources, Safety, security, andwearables and hybrid (for nuclear generation) and pursuing debt reduction healthships that will drastically commodities used in battery strategies, considering Workers should never beimprove operations. In the storage (to address the crowdfunding, and seeking discounted in the equation.manufacturing side, it’s intermittency of renewable government funding. Actually they have topossible to have collaborative generation). Tax management be empowered, throughecosystems, digital workforce Stakeholder dialogues There are new regulations expanding their safety,engagement, improved asset Miners are also affected by that change the tax security and health. Miningmanagement, 3D printing the increased expectations implications associated with companies need to enhanceand modularization. from stakeholders, making a range of business activities. safety records and securityChina’s pivot it harder to survive in the This affects miners through postures, by strengtheningBeing a powerful nation thriving industry. heightened scrutiny of their their safety analytics,with a global impact, China The challenge is to find a tax compliance, substance adopting more robust mentalhas domestic trends that way for new tactics that and transfer pricing policies. health policies, improving theirchange the miners’ markets work, because the old ones Miners could assess their security protocols, employing– especially now that they will no longer do. They need operational and corporate risk monitors, conducting riskdecided to change the way to explore a new form of structures, on top of assessments and improvingthey manage currency stakeholder engagement to understanding the financial crisis management.value. Large-scale mining meet demands of multiple implications of the new taxcompanies should be groups rules.aware of the repercussionsof China’s decisions, anddevelop plans relativeto China’s investmentinitiatives and leveragingChinese expertise in design,construction, and financing.Adjustment to the newnormalIt’s likely that the trendswon’t change for a while,so miners should be able toadopt somehow. One wayto do that is to ramp upin production, in an attemptto reduce unit costs and toconsolidate market shares.Finding that balancebetween current and futuredemand factor require theability to scale production,labor and other inputs andoutputs. NOVEMBER 2016 43 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

OIFNOPCUERNREPDIITBMLEINES Mining is a demarcated topic. Do you know the reason behind it? Just because on one hand mining provides you with all the essential materials that are needed for the civilization to move forward, while on the other hand, it can lead to some damaging effects on the environment. No matter what effect it has, you will just be awed if you take a look at some of the mines that have been listed here. The Moab Mine This mine is situated 20 miles west of Moab in Utah. This is a distinctive mine. You might ask why. Because it has a unique method to extract out potash. This mine began operating in 1965 as a conventional underground mine which later transformed into an amalgamating solution mining in order to extract potash. It also uses solar evaporation in order to re-crystallize the product that was taken out.Diavik Diamond Mine Photo by jpgmagThis mine started its production in Photo by Mining.comthe year 2003. What’s incredibleabout this is its location. It issituated in the island just in thecenter of Lac de Gras. You will beable to travel to this mine throughthe seasonal winter road onlyfor two months of the year. Theamazing fact is that this winterroad is build over a frozen lake. Ifnot by road, you can access thismine through air.44 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Bingham Canyon Mine This mine is in operation since 1906 in USA and has a pit of more than 0.6 miles depth and about 2.5 miles width. It is absolutely hard to believe that this mine covers an area of about 1,900 acres. This is such a significant development of USA that it has been designated as a National Historic Landmark in the year 1966. Photo by SquareSpaceMir MineThis is an open pit diamond minewhich is presently inactive. Thismine located in Mirny of Russiacovers an area of 525 meters andhas a depth of 1,22 ft and width of1,200 meter. Photo by AmusingPlanet NOVEMBER 2016 45 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Why Engineering Students Hate Losing Their Calculators Photo by PicsArt If it was just an ordinary day who badly wants to pass anPhoto by PaulAllenEngineering for a student who majors exam, I started running around in business or art, it really the halls and randomly asked wouldn’t ruin his day if he left people if they have a “handy- his calculator with him. In fact, dandy” calculator they can if there’s any calculations he let an unfortunate student needs in the university, he really borrow. Luckily for me, most wouldn’t need a calculator. He students that day knew what can just pull out his smart phone one’s fate will be if one forgets and tadaaa, he can move on to a calculator in an engineering the next problem easily. exam so people were willing to But if you ask an engineering let me borrow theirs. Of course, student what he/she can’t I was able choose one. survive without, without a doubt You see, our scientific calculators one will answer a scientific are considered the most calculator. Amazing how one important thing we can ever scientific calculator can make or have in our bags. We all know break an engineering student’s we cannot leave and start the academic path. One wrong day in class without one. This is input and boom! you’re going why every engineering student to have to tell your parents absolutely hates it when it’s that they will have to wait for left in the house. This is why the next year to see you march. engineering students dreads Clearly, engineering students losing it. Scientific calculators are synonymous to a scientific are LIFE. The more complicated calculator. the buttons are, the better the I remember taking an exam chances of an engineering once. Before the exam started, I student gets in passing… was outside the room panicking maybe. But it doesn’t give heavily as soon as I figured away the fact that a scientific out that I wasn’t able to calculator is an engineering bring my calculator with me. student’s best friend. I could feel myself sweating So if you happen to see a poor hard because failing this unfortunate soul looking for a exam was going to take a toll calculator to borrow, pity the on my academic status. If I student and let him/her use didn’t bring a calculator with yours. Remember, it could me, I was doomed. And just happen to you and you need like any engineering student someone to help you as well.46 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Photo by SheKnows THE SIX ENGINEERS THAT WE ALL HAVE TO DEAL WITH by Randy WilliamsWorking at an engineering to collect that sweet life and have them call me so I comes into the office onfirm is like living in a tiny insurance and those delicious can escape the torture that is Monday with entertainingmicrocosm of society filled health benefits. Only one this conversation. stories. It’s funny that on onewith unique and unusual more year until she reaches hand you wish everyone incharacters. No matter full pension and then SHE’S 4. Harold is the office weirdo. the office were as cool andwhere you work, we’ve all GONE. No one is quite sure easy going as Nick, but whatexperienced these folks. Some why the supervisors don’t No one is quite sure what’s a boring world it would beweird, some funny, some demand more from Cathy. going through his mind. He’s if that were the case. Weirdgoofy, some brilliant, some She no doubt collects one of creepily quiet and never coworkers are the spice of life.annoying, some adventurous, the largest paychecks, but the speaks up unless directlysome opinionated, and the value she adds just isn’t there. spoken to. It’s painful to go to 6. Rounding out the list islist goes on. Here are some of Who can blame her? She’s his office because you knowthe most common caricatures been working at the company there will be at least three the over enthusiastic parent.that you’ll find at the office. for over 30 years. She’s put in and a half awkward silences This lady’s name is Barb. her time. She knows exactly every time. His empty stare Barb loves her life, but mostly1. The young, overachieving, what she needs to get done is haunting and often causes loves her family. She works and doesn’t do a lick more. you to avert your gaze and the minimum hours so shego getter. We’ll call this person look at the ground. Everyone can always pick up her kidsArnold. This guy is new to the 3. The oversocial, oversharing, wonders what this guy does from school, take sick daysworking world having recently in the evenings or on the whenever it’s needed, andgraduated from college or a chatty Cathy is actually not weekends. Is he sitting quietly participates in all of hergraduate program. He takes named Cathy. This person’s reading on the couch, playing children’s activities.his work VERY seriously. His name is Gary. Have you dungeons and dragons In addition to fondling overhobbies include studying, ever been crushing your with a Meetup group in his her kids, she also enjoys takingasking questions, and working work, getting things done, basement, or simply watching care of her fellow coworkers.unpaid overtime. Regardless feeling motivated and full of Game of Thrones reruns with She’s the office mom. Sheof how much his boss puts energy from that Starbucks his wife. He is the mystery sets up the lunch platteron his plate, he asks for you treated yourself with, man of the office. The only whenever food is brought intomore. This person is always then everything comes to mystery is that you don’t the office. She refills the paperon the phone, always gets a screeching halt. In comes want anything to do with him. in the printer. She makes sureflustered when you interrupt Gary. Well at least you got a everyone is having a greathis critically important train lot done this morning because 5. Then there’s the cool guy. day. There’s nothing betterof thought, and never misses now you find yourself in a than having a kind and lovingan opportunity to suck up to never ending conversation He knows the office gossip office mom around.management. with the guy that doesn’t and knows how to work the Disclaimer: All characters and know when to stop. No matter system. This guy’s name is events portrayed here are2. The overpaid, lazy, one foot how many ways you try to Nick. Nick is a great coworker. entirely fictional. No feelings exit the conversation, this guy You get along, work well were hurt during the creationout the door retiree. This lady’s just won’t take a hint. How together, and you’ve even or reproduction of this article.name is Cathy. You know this can he continue to weather hung out a couple of times onperson very well because through the storm of your one the weekend. One time you About the author: Randyyou’re always having to do word responses? Wait, what’s even went on an overnight Williams: Student of Life.her work. She overpromises he doing now? Oh no, he’s camping trip with his wife and Professional Engineer. Skeptic.and underperforms. But what busting out family pictures of a handful of their friends. It Explorer. Reader. Listener.does she care. She’s about their most recent trip to the seems like everyone in theto retire and play with her Colorado Railroad Museum… office likes Nick. How couldgrand kids all day. She’s only Let’s see if I can text someone you not? He’s friendly, funny,hanging around the office adventurous, and always NOVEMBER 2016 47 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

Photo by WikipediaTHHELISL IOSNMEIANRITNHG INby Robert BagatsingCan you imagine yourself carrying batteries, sugar, cosmetics and highly acidic that the pH obtained due to the reaction of the sulfuric90 kgs of sulfur three to four insecticides. is around 0.13 – 0.5. What makes gases emerging at high pressurekilometers away from the mining The working environment in this it more interesting is the turquoise and the air at a temperature ofarea everyday? mining site is so dangerous that color of the lake, which makes the 360oC. At night, this sight would the average life expectancy of a place look very picturesque. leave anyone at awe.Nope, I don’t think so. miner only reaches up to 50 years If you want to know how old. Lack of personal protective dangerous this lake can be, So, if you still want to visit thisIn Java, Indonesia, miners put equipments may contribute to imagine a tin can soaked in the place, go ahead. Be very carefultheir lives in danger in order to the poor health of these miners. lake. It can be easily dissolved in thoughl. Avoid taking selfies.collect sulfur at the Kawah Ijen It has been reported that around less than thirty minutes. Now,Volcano. These miners place long 70 miners have died in the past imagine yourself swimming in thepipes to allow the liquid sulfur four decades due to work-related lake for thirty minutes. Nope, justto drip out of the volcano and accidents. don’t.solidify once it comes in contact Despite its hazardouswith the air. There is smoke almost If you reach the age of 70 working environment, the Kawah Ijeneverywhere in this place. Using here, consider yourself lucky. Volcano attracts a lot of touristscrowbars and metal poles, they daily.break off huge chunks of solidified How about this: Can you imaginesulfur and place them in baskets yourself taking a dip in the largest You must be thinking, why wouldusing only their hands. They carry (very) acidic lake on Earth? Of anybody want to go to ‘hell’?these baskets down to the base of course not! Nobody in his rightthe volcano twice (or thrice a day) mind would swim in a pond with This volcano, despite its terribleto earn $8-15 each day. a pH of 0.5. working conditions, produces aThe sulfur collected is commonly Inside the volcano, a sulfuric acid bright blue glow (only obviousused for different manufacturing lake can be found in the middle of when seen during night time)companies such as production of the crater. This lake is said to be48 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

RICHEST DIAMONDMINES IN THE WORLDMir Mine Photo by Amusing Planet As the saying goes, “Not all that glitters is gold”, but it may Photo by SEALSwimSafe very well be a diamond, or aUdachny Mine Photo by Mining diamond mine. There are quite a few diamond mines in the world. However, how much do you know about them? There can be some pretty fantastic stones waiting to be found in some of the richest mines of the world. India was once home to the richest mines in the world. This is no longer the case. Now, the richest mines are located in Africa and Russia. Want to know about the richest mines in the world? Read on then. The Catoca is located in Angola, Africa and it comes fifth in the list of largest diamond mines in the world. It has been estimated that the mine contains 130 million carats of diamonds that can be mined. Sounds a whopping quantity? That’s nothing compared to the rest. The mine in Argyle, Australia supposedly contains more than 140 million carats. Production started in 1983 and it’s set to continue till 2020. Russia, on the other hand, is home to the top three largest diamond mines in the world. The Mir mine was once the largest in the world but it has dropped to the third largest. Estimates put the carat count at 141 million. The second largest in the world is the Udachny mine, with an estimated capacity of more than 152 million carats. The trophy for the largest diamond mine in the world, goes to the Jubilee Diamond Mine which contains more than 153 million carats of diamonds. In 2012 alone, 10.4 million carats were produced by this mine. That’s a lot of shiny stones for sure! NOVEMBER 2016 49 Mining Engineering and Its Importance

AUSTRALIA ADVANCES CHANGE: FROM MINING TO DINING A multitude of people attended they also included Federal Trade a lunch meeting at Sydney’s Minister, Andrew Robb. Randwick Racecourse on Since the mining resource Saturday to discuss China’s industry in Australia has come demand for Australian produce to a halt, a kick-start for the and Australia’s desire to supply Australian economy is needed. it. Their next best bet is agriculture. According to organizer Edmund This event was hosted by the So, Australian farmers have the Australian Turf Club (ATC), capacity to produce more but as part of its inaugural Chinese aren’t, because they don’t know Racing Festival, a new strategy how to sell overseas. He added to attract the lucrative Chinese that the key concerns from the market for its long term viability. Chinese perspective were secure According to the ATC Executive supply chains so buyers can Darren Pierce, Chinese like depend on a constant flow of luxury experiences and fashion. produce and secure prices. This will be a great opportunity While watching the racetrack, for the Australian economy. More Australia-China Primary job opportunities will be available Industries Council headed for the masses. the discussions between the two countries’ government dignitaries and businessmen, Photo by AustralianTurfClub50 NOVEMBER 2016 Mining Engineering and Its Importance