Samundra Spirit issue 34

JULY 2016 . ISSUE 34 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 1 QUARTERLY IN-HOUSE MAGAZINE FOR SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIES (SIMS), MUMBAI & LONAVALA IN THIS ISSUE 05. An Insight on Goal Based Standards for New Ships 08. Design, Operation and Maintenance of Fuel Filters 11. The Critical Facets of Ship to Ship Transfer Operations 17. Impact of Drones in the Maritime Industry 21. Historical Monuments Around SIMS: Visapur Fort 13 19 25 WWW.SAMUNDRA.COM

1 SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Capt. D. Kishore Nautical Faculty SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIES (SIMS) SIMS, Mumbai A Training Commitment of Executive Ship Management Pte Ltd (ESM), Singapore (Certified by leading maritime classification society, DNV GL, Norway for ISO 9001:2008) INVITES APPLICATION FOR: } DECK CADETS (DANS) - AUG 2016 BATCH Approved by Directorate General of Shipping, Govt. of India & The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA), and affiliated under Indian Maritime University (IMU) - One year Diploma in Applied Nautical Science at SIMS, Lonavala - Minimum 18 months of practical shipboard training before 2nd Mate’s examination } 4-YEAR B. TECH. (MARINE ENGINEERING) - AUG 2016 BATCH Approved by Directorate General of Shipping, Govt. of India & and affiliated under Indian Maritime University (IMU) - Four years B. Tech Marine Engineering course at SIMS, Lonavala - 6 months shipboard training before appearing for Class IV examination } 1-YEAR GRADUATE MARINE ENGINEERING (GME) - SEP 2016 BATCH Approved by Directorate General of Shipping, Govt. of India & The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) - One year training in Marine Engineering at SIMS, Lonavala which includes 6 months hands-on practical training in the Ship-in-Campus - 6 months shipboard training before appearing for Class IV examination Eligibility DANS B.Tech (Marine Engineering) GME Age (as on date • Not less than 17 Years, Upper age limit : • Not less than 17 years • Not more than 25 years of joining) & - 20 years for 10+2 candidates • Not more than 20 years • Unmarried Marital Status - 22 years for B.Sc candidates • Unmarried - 25 years for B.E/ B.Tech candidates • Unmarried th Academic • 12 class board approved by Ministry of HRD, Govt • 12 class board approved by • Degree in BE/BTech (Me- th (Results must be of India. Ministry of HRD, Govt of India. chanical Engineering / Naval obtained at 1st • Min Aggregate Percentage – 60% • Min Aggregate Percentage – Architecture / Mechanical & attempt) • Min PCM Aggregate 60% 60% Automation) from an AICTE • Min score in Physics & Maths individually 50% • Min PCM Aggregate 60% approved Institute, Deemed • Min aggregate of Physics & Maths 60% • Min score in Physics & Maths University with a minimum Note: (For Andhra Pradesh & Kerala State Boards, individually 50% mark of 55% in final year. th separate board exams held for each class (11 & • Min aggregate of Physics & • Candidate must clear his 12 ) & hence, aggregate of each class marks are Maths 60% BE/B Tech in 4 years only. th considered) Note: (For Andhra Pradesh & Or Kerala State Boards, separate • BSc: Physics/ Chemistry/ Mathematics/ board exams held for each Electronics with min 55% in final year along with class (11th & 12th) & hence, Min 55% in PCM in Class XII. aggregate of each class Or marks are considered) • BE/B.Tech – Any stream from an AICTE/UGC Deemed University Approved Institute with min 50% in final year Medical Physically fit and meet the standards laid out by DG Shipping* Language English shall be one of the subjects with min marks scored of 50% in Class X or XII Eyesight • 6/6 vision, no use of corrective lenses allowed • 6/12 in each eye or 6/9 in the better eye & 6/18 in the other eye. • No colour blindness Corrective lenses permitted. • No colour-blindness IMU - CET Candidates must clear IMU-CET N.A * Approved Educational Loans from HDFC, SBI & Nationalised Banks available! *Scholarships available basis SIMS entrance test and first semester results. “100% in-house placement on ESM-managed vessels upon successful completion of the course” For more information on what we have to offer and downloading the application form, please visit our website at www.samundra.com or contact us at the following: Email } [email protected] I Tel } MUMBAI: 02114-399518, LONAVALA: 02114-399500, DELHI: 011-49882700/40592778, CHANDIGARH: 0160-6667777, CHENNAI: 044-30453300, COCHIN: 0484-3002300 / 3219591, KOLKATA: 033-40167900, PATNA: 0612-2532124/6530639, GUWAHATI: 08474065893

JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 Contents 03 Editorial Note SAMUNDRA INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIES (SIMS) 04 Message from Mr. Amitabh Kumar A Training Commitment of Executive Ship Management Pte Ltd (ESM), Singapore (Certified by leading maritime classification society, DNV GL, Norway for ISO 9001:2008) KNOWLEDGE INVITES APPLICATION FOR: 05 An Insight on Goal Based Standards for New Ships } DECK CADETS (DANS) - AUG 2016 BATCH 06 Transformers for Marine Applications 07 Ship Handling Basics for Navigators Approved by Directorate General of Shipping, Govt. of India & The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA), and affiliated under Indian Maritime University (IMU) 08 Design, Operation & Maintenance of Fuel Filters - One year Diploma in Applied Nautical Science at SIMS, Lonavala 12 10 Being Assertive at Work - Minimum 18 months of practical shipboard training before 2nd Mate’s examination 15 Reducing Noise Pollution On Board - Assessing the } 4-YEAR B. TECH. (MARINE ENGINEERING) - AUG 2016 BATCH Problems and Current Industry Efforts Approved by Directorate General of Shipping, Govt. of India & and affiliated under Indian Maritime University (IMU) 17 Impact of Drones in the Maritime Industry - Four years B. Tech Marine Engineering course at SIMS, Lonavala - 6 months shipboard training before appearing for Class IV examination CAMPUS NEWS } 1-YEAR GRADUATE MARINE ENGINEERING (GME) - SEP 2016 BATCH 13 DNS 20 Graduation Approved by Directorate General of Shipping, Govt. of India & The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) 25 Tapti wins Cricket Final by 18 runs - One year training in Marine Engineering at SIMS, Lonavala which includes 6 months hands-on practical training in the Ship-in-Campus 25 Tapti House bags Gold in Volleyball Finals - 6 months shipboard training before appearing for Class IV examination 25 Tennis Single and Double Finals: Tapti Crowned Champions Eligibility DANS B.Tech (Marine Engineering) GME Age (as on date • Not less than 17 Years, Upper age limit : • Not less than 17 years • Not more than 25 years of joining) & - 20 years for 10+2 candidates • Not more than 20 years • Unmarried CASE STUDY Marital Status - 22 years for B.Sc candidates • Unmarried - 25 years for B.E/ B.Tech candidates 15 • Unmarried 23 Situational Awareness – A case study Academic • 12 class board approved by Ministry of HRD, Govt • 12 class board approved by • Degree in BE/BTech (Me- th th (Results must be of India. Ministry of HRD, Govt of India. chanical Engineering / Naval obtained at 1st • Min Aggregate Percentage – 60% • Min Aggregate Percentage – Architecture / Mechanical & attempt) • Min PCM Aggregate 60% 60% Automation) from an AICTE SHARING EXPERIENCE • Min score in Physics & Maths individually 50% • Min PCM Aggregate 60% approved Institute, Deemed • Min aggregate of Physics & Maths 60% • Min score in Physics & Maths University with a minimum 09 Expected Conduct of a Professional Seafarer Note: (For Andhra Pradesh & Kerala State Boards, individually 50% mark of 55% in final year. separate board exams held for each class (11 & • Min aggregate of Physics & • Candidate must clear his 11 The Critical Facets of Ship to Ship Transfer th 12 ) & hence, aggregate of each class marks are Maths 60% BE/B Tech in 4 years only. Operations th considered) Note: (For Andhra Pradesh & Or Kerala State Boards, separate • BSc: Physics/ Chemistry/ Mathematics/ board exams held for each Electronics with min 55% in final year along with class (11th & 12th) & hence, ARTS Min 55% in PCM in Class XII. aggregate of each class Or marks are considered) • BE/B.Tech – Any stream from an AICTE/UGC 18 Poem and Photography Deemed University Approved Institute with min 50% in final year Medical Physically fit and meet the standards laid out by DG Shipping* CADETS’ DIARY Language English shall be one of the subjects with min marks scored of 50% in Class X or XII 18 Eyesight • 6/6 vision, no use of corrective lenses allowed • 6/12 in each eye or 6/9 in the better eye & 6/18 in the other eye. 12 Treating Sanitary Water for Boilers - Project • No colour blindness Corrective lenses permitted. Report by B.Tech Cadets • No colour-blindness 19 Building a Bulk Carrier Model - Project Report by IMU - CET Candidates must clear IMU-CET N.A DNS 20 Cadets * Approved Educational Loans from HDFC, SBI & Nationalised Banks available! *Scholarships available basis SIMS entrance test and first semester results. 21 Historical Monuments Around SIMS: “100% in-house placement on ESM-managed vessels upon successful completion of the course” Visapur Fort 24 Crossword Puzzle For more information on what we have to offer and downloading the application form, please visit our website at www.samundra.com or contact us at the following: Background of cover picture: DNS 20 School Project: Model of Bulk Carrier Email } [email protected] I Tel } MUMBAI: 02114-399518, LONAVALA: 02114-399500, DELHI: 011-49882700/40592778, CHANDIGARH: 0160-6667777, CHENNAI: 044-30453300, COCHIN: 0484-3002300 / 3219591, KOLKATA: 033-40167900, PATNA: 0612-2532124/6530639, GUWAHATI: 08474065893

3 SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 Editorial Note JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 “There isn’t any great mystery about me. What I do is glamorous and has an awful lot of white-hot attention placed on it. But the actual work requires the same discipline Capt. D. Kishore and passion as any job you love doing, be it as a very good pipe fitter or a Nautical Faculty www.samundra.com highly creative artist.” SIMS, Mumbai - Hollywood actor Tom Hanks Address: Indeed, it’s the discipline and hard work which lead one to the pinnacle of success and the last SIMS, LONAVALA ten long years of continuous hard work by the management and the staff of the institute is a fine Village Takwe Khurd example of what it takes to build a world class maritime institute. Once again, in this 34th issue of Mumbai-Pune Highway (NH4) our Samundra Spirit, we endeavour to bring a slice of that hard work by all those who put in their Lonavala, Dist. Pune, Maharashtra extra creative hours to make the magazine interesting and meaningful for our discerning readers. Pin 410405, India Tel: + 91 2114 399 500 Fax: + 91 2114 399 600 We got two veteran master mariners - Capt. Das and Capt. Kakar highlighting burning issues like ship handling basics and on being assertive in order to point out mistakes to the seniors Address: through situations previously encountered by them. Sad but true; the industry still suffers from SIMS, MUMBAI this malaise and nothing but continuous education could only address them adequately for future. 5th Floor, Sai Commercial Building BKS Devshi Marg, Govandi Station Road, Flip the pages to our enormously engrossing technical articles on the Impact of Drones in the Govandi East Mumbai, PIN- 400088 India Maritime Industry by Capt. Krishnan, while we also take up the age old issues of noise pollution Tel: + 91 22 6799 3545 on board and taking care of the fuel filters by Mr. Jims Andrews and Mr. Viswanathan respectively. Fax: + 91 22 6799 3546 Talent and creativity lose their meaning without the hard work and of course appropriate environment to nurture them. We are happy to publish two project reports of the cadets who had Editorial Board: put in their efforts and most importantly their bright inquisitive minds to find solutions to important Sikha Singh operational issues on board. Biju Baben Capt. Arun Sundaram With this issue, we’ve also come to the end of the series on the historical sites around Lonavala. It was a huge learning experience for the cadets to know the great Maratha history that surrounds Editorial Director: the campus apart from the natural beauty of the hills and the river. Our sincere thanks to the Sikha Singh participating cadets and also their guides and mentors behind those hikes and expeditions. Editorial Assistant: Kathiravan s/o Shanmuga S Sports is a huge part of the campus life and the participation of the cadets is more enthusiastic Design & Layout: than mandatory. The reports on the championships bring out the passion and the involvement Nurul Aini Mohd Ikhsan and the importance given to them. IT Support: Peter Chan Graduation and the passing out events of the campus may be a very regular feature, but the moments are both glorious and poignant for all associated with them. And each time, we have a chief guest – certain luminary of the industry who brings a fresh piece of advice or information to the cadets stepping in to the new life and careers. We are honoured to bring out the report on our Samundra Spirit is a quarterly in-house chief guest Mr. Amitabh Kumar, Joint Director General of Shipping and his advice on hard work magazine produced by Samundra Institute to the 119 graduating cadet on June 15, 2016. of Maritime Studies (SIMS) for private circulation. Finally, I am tempted to conclude with a quote from the four time Olympic medallist Sebastian Coe, Our Editorial Team wants to hear from you! “Competing is exciting and winning is exhilarating, but the true prize will always be the If you wish to submit any feedbacks and/or contributions, feel free to write to the Editor at: self-knowledge and understanding that you have gained along the way.” [email protected] Indeed, on behalf of the editorial team, I can assure you that although positive *Please note we reserve the right to publish words from the readers are exhilarating, the process of putting up each issue your letters/articles or an edited version of it teaches us the next level of self-knowledge and understanding of how much we in all print & electronic media. have yet to learn! Wishing you a very happy and safe quarter till we bring our next issue in October

SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 4 Message from Mr. Amitabh Kumar

5 SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 KNOWLEDGE An Insight on Goal Based Standards for New Ships Shipping is an industry which is governed regimentation:- Capt. VR. Krishnan by multitude of regulations prescribed Nautical Faculty SIMS, Lonavala from time to time. As the industry matures, Goal Based: Personnel should be prevented newer regulations are formulated and from falling off heights. imposed and have to be strictly complied with by all the stakeholders. The prime Prescriptive: Railings of at least 1.5 m should k) Recycling objective of shipping is to carry goods be installed around the areas. by sea in the most economical and safest Tier 3 - Verification and Acceptance way practicable; mindful of the risks and It was agreed by IMO that GBS should cover Instruments necessary for demonstrating dangers involved including prevention the following aspects: that the compliance of Tier 1 and Tier 2 of harm to the environment. In meeting a) Broader prospective requirements are met adequately by applying these requirements, the stakeholders b) Have clarity and capable of being Tier 4 and 5 standards. The action plan would are required to comply with various demonstrated be that the administration or Recognised regulations, which are prescribed by IMO c) Be specific so as not to be open for Organisation (mainly Classification Society) under various important conventions such conflicting interpretations requests verification of the elements, then as SOLAS, MARPOL, STCW, LOADLINE, IMO gets independent audit review conducted MLC, COLREGS, SAR, CSC and SUA, etc. Tier Based GBS by teams which submit reports which are then to name a few and adopted by the maritime In 2006, IMO agreed to allow GBS for ship taken up by the MSC which declares whether nations. building and suggested a tier based system of the GBS standards are met. implementation as under:- While the normal mode of implementing the Tier 4 - Verification guidelines national and regulations has by and large been prescriptive international in nature and has yielded reasonably favourable outcomes for the shipping industry, Tier 1 Goals IMO Tier 5 - Based on various industry it has been agreed by IMO that there are Tier 2 Functional standards and best practises for ship many challenges in some areas, where Requirements building, operation, maintenance, recycling difficulties arose in coping with such a system; Tier 3 Verification and and training. especially with ship design and SOLAS. It Acceptance Criteria was felt that it would be preferable to switch Tier 4 CSR For Oil Tankers IACS On board the ship, there will be a Ship to a better system of regulatory mechanism, and Bulk Carriers Construction File (SCF) which will contain which is being promoted as Goal Based Tier 5 Procedure and Quality Industry records of how GBS was used in the System Standards(GBS). Tier 1 - Goals construction. It will be maintained updated Ships are designed and constructed for a throughout the lifecycle of the ship. Copies of What Are Goal Based Standards? specified design life and should be operable same may be kept ashore as well. GBS are high-level standards and procedures in a safe and environmentally friendly manner. that are to be met through regulations, rules The operating life of a ship would depend The GBS Philosphy in Shipping and standards for ships. In May 2016, the on the maintenance and specified damage It ensures that ships are designed and Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) of the IMO condition throughout its life. The basis of this constructed for a specified design life and met and agreed that ship construction rules consideration would always be to provide safe that if properly operated and maintained, they for oil tankers and bulk carriers conform to access, escape and inspection. would be operationally and environmentally GBS. These rules were submitted by the 12 safe throughout their life cycles. Classification societies. Tier 2 - Functional Requirements Examples of such requirements would include GBS amendments to SOLAS II-1/3-10 entered Goal based ship design and structure was first the following: into force in 2012 and became effective from presented in 2002 in MSC 76. A proposal was a) Lifespan of a ship 1st July 2016 for new oil tankers and bulk made by 2 member states in the 89th session b) Design for environmental condition of carriers of 150m or more in length. Until of council. They suggested that IMO should operation recently ship construction was regulated play a larger role in determining the standard c) Structural strength solely by rules for steel ships and overseen to which new ships are built; which has been d) Expiry date considering normal wear and by International Association of Classification traditionally the responsibility of classification tear Societies (IACS). With the implementation society and shipyards. This was adopted in e) Protection against corrosion of GBS and verification of the audit process, MSC 87 in 2010 and will now be applied to f) Redundancy there will be a closer alignment between the oil tankers and bulk carriers beginning in July g) Water-tight and weather-tight integrity rules of the classification societies and the 2016. h) Ergonomics and Human element IMO regulatory mechanisms. Full details of considerations adoption of GBS by IMO can be found in MSC A simple example to illustrate the goal i) Construction rules Circular 287 (87). based versus prescriptive mechanisms of j) Survey requirements

KNOWLEDGE SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 6 Transformers for Marine Application K.V. Hariprasad Electrical Faculty SIMS, Lonavala Np Ns transformer. In an auto transformer, portions of the same winding act as both the primary and secondary sides of the transformer. An auto-transformer starter makes it possible to start squirrel-cage induction motors with reduced starting current, as the voltage across the motor is reduced during starting. 3) Neutral Earthing / Isolating: The neutral earthing transformer is used to create a neutral for the delta side (which does not have a neutral point on its own). The A transformer is an electrical equipment, Accordingly, a lower number of turns induce reason you put a transformer in there used to increase/decrease voltage of a less voltage and more current in secondary instead of directly creating a neutral system. While its voltage changes, the side. Alternately, the magneto motive force point and grounding it, is that you get current also changes from primary to (MMF) is same in both coils, means the product some impedance in-between due to the secondary. of number of turns and current is same on both transformer, which would limit various sides. Thus a less number of turns have more imbalanced currents and fault currents to Most of the transformers used in ships are current, to balance the MMF. a particular value. Note this is usually a step-down, i.e., secondary voltage less than three-phase transformer. primary voltage. For safety, they are dry type The step-down technology is applied for 4) Welding: Welding Transformers are used without insulation oil also. welding purposes with selection of suitable in AC machines to change alternating taps on secondary side depending on different current from the power line into a low- The basic principle of a transformer is that the electrodes and varies from material to material voltage, high amperage current in the electrical power is transferred from primary in the ship. secondary winding. A combination of to secondary. Since the power is a product primary and/or secondary taps on the of voltage & current, if voltage reduces, then The transformers are used in various welding transformer are commonly used current increases. applications in ship’s electrical systems such to provide a macro adjustment of the as: welding current, as well as adjustment of This can also be explained by the principle of 1) Lighting: A low voltage transformer secondary voltage. magnetism. The primary & secondary coils are literally transforms the standard line 5) Control & Automation (Current/ wound over a common magnetic core. Voltage voltage to a lower voltage. This lets you Potential Transformers, CT/PT): A is applied to primary coil which induces a safely supply power to popular low voltage current transformer (CT) is a series voltage in secondary coil. Induced voltage is lighting systems like recessed can lights, connected measurement device designed directly proportional to the number of turns of pendant lights, puck lights and outdoor to provide a current in its secondary the respective coil. light fixtures. coil proportional to the current flowing 2) Auto transformer: This is type of an in its primary. Current transformers are The coil turn ratio is calculated as follows: electrical transformer, where primary and commonly used in metering and protective Vp Np secondary share same common single relays in the electrical circuit = Vs Ns winding. So basically it’s a one winding (Where Vp = Voltage of Primary Winding, Vs = Voltage of Secondary Winding, Np = Number of turns in Primary Winding and Ns = Number of turns in Secondary Winding) Basically a transformer consists of two inductive coils; primary winding and secondary Welding Transformer Power Transformer winding. The coils are electrically separated but magnetically linked to each other. When, Power Transformer primary winding is connected to a source of alternating voltage, alternating magnetic flux is produced around the winding. Potential Transformer Current Transformer

7 SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 KNOWLEDGE Ship Handling Basics for Navigators shifts to 1/3rd to 1/4th of the ship’s length from (centre of gravity) Capt. S. R. Das G stern. A navigator must keep in mind that as Nautical Faculty P the position of pivot point changes the turning SIMS, Lonavala (pivot point) lever also changes; which would influence the turn. Static vessel During a turning manoeuvre, even with steady Handling a ship in congested or confined P rudder angle, if the speed of vessel is reduced waters such as port approaches, berthing, (pivot point) from full to slow or dead slow, the negative un-berthing, anchorages, busy channels, (centre of gravity) acceleration will cause pivot point to move etc. requires very good ship handling skill, G aft reducing the turning lever, and thrust of experience and theoretical knowledge. Vessel moving ahead water on the rudder would also decrease. One should be well familiar with basic These would then result in reduction of rate ship handling principles and manoeuvring of turn leading to a larger turning circle. When P characteristics of his vessel before carrying (pivot point) turning a vessel fully to prevent collision with out manoeuvres required for preventing (centre of gravity) other objects; reduction in speed, stopping collisions as per the COLREGS. G of vessel and reversing of engines should be avoided as same will take one’s vessel closer Vessel moving astern It is imperative to first understand that there to the object being avoided. On the contrary are many forces acting on a vessel at any if circumstances permit, an increase in given moment. Some of these are known of Let’s focus on pivot point of a vessel which propulsion power would lead to a shorter and which few may not be quantified properly. largely affects a vessel’s turning ability. faster turn as the forward acceleration move Then there are those that are still unknown, Vessels don’t turn around their longitudinal the pivot point forward increasing the turning hence the resultant effect of various forces centre of gravity or centre of floatation, but on lever. cannot be predicted with accuracy. Ship pivot point. A vessel’s pivot point lies on the handling is a combination of science and skill, fore-and-aft centre line but the position of pivot “Had the navigators on Titanic not reversed an art developed in time with experience. point on centre line is related to the speed the engines when turning the vessel away Ship behaviour as seen or learnt on simulator of the vessel. At dead stop the pivot point from the iceberg they may have succeeded in exercises should be taken with extreme approximately lies at the centre of gravity of avoiding collision? Immediately after iceberg caution as simulators work on mathematical an average designed vessel. While the vessel was sighted, hard over wheel was applied but models based on real ships. Chances of error accelerates ahead, the pivot point also moves the engines were simultaneously ordered to and limitations exist in collection of data and ahead. The higher the rate of acceleration the emergency full astern. The reversal of engines their input in software. Hence it’s important for further it moves ahead, and in extreme cases rendered the rudder ineffective creating all navigators to understand that there may it even moves outside the vessel. At steady an increased turning circle which perhaps be differences between the behaviours while headway, speed & course the pivot point is at contributed to the accident.” carrying out actual ship handling work and 1/3rd to 1/4th of the ship’s length from forward. doing same on simulators. While moving astern the position of pivot point Secondly, the parameters like advance, TACTICAL DIAMETER TRANSFER Not to exceed 5.0L 7 advance in cables 90° change of heading 6 90° 20° rudder start 5 90° 20° rudder 4 shallow water turn (not to exceed 4.5L) turning radius of heading 3 deep water turn 180° 180° change advance 2 180° path of 1 midship point 20° rudder 270° transfer in cables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 drift angle rudder execute 270° approach course

KNOWLEDGE SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 8 transfer and tactical diameter do not alter Design, Operation and appreciably with the engine speed of the vessel; if a turning circle manoeuvre is made Maintenance of Fuel Filters with constant rudder angle and constant propulsion power throughout in deep water and calm seas. That is to say, a turn made Merchant ships have numerous systems with 10 knots engine speed throughout and in place to handle items such as sea water, another made with 8 knots engine speed fresh water, fuel, steam, compressed air, throughout with same rudder angle will hydraulic oil, exhaust gas, etc. Depending not have any appreciable difference in the on the utility of the system, clean fluids are parameters. It’s also extremely important a pre-requisite for any system to operate to note that if engines are put to astern, the efficiently. Clean fluids are ensured by rudder becomes ineffective. system designers by incorporating various types of filters/strainers in the system. Thirdly, a navigator must also consider In this regard, the engineers and ratings shallow water effects while the vessel is working in the ship must understand and hard wear causing particles. The hot filter in shallow depths for example the effects appreciate the design philosophy of the especially is of “back wash” self- cleaning of interaction, bow cushion and bank filtration systems and operational and duplex type. These filters require additional suction, when overtaking a vessel in a maintenance requirements for optimum manual cleaning at regular intervals. The narrow channel or fairway. Also the effect performance. In this article, fuel filters for filters are usually wire (stainless steel of a of squat on Under Keel Clearance (UKC) main and auxiliary engines are discussed. specific diameter) wound in a candle form must be well understood. The turning circle (See Picture). The pitch of the wires is about parameters change substantially when in Design Criteria 5 microns and the pitch decides the particle shallow waters. With the same helm, the Design of filters take into account the mass size filtered. While cleaning the filters parameters increase significantly and could flow, temperature of the fluid, the intake quality manually special care has to be taken not to be double compared to in deep waters. of fuel, the particle sizes up to which the filter damage a single strand. Otherwise the filter Squat is inversely proportional to UKC and must prevent the foreign particles to pass will allow particles equivalent to the diameter directly proportional to the square of the through, acceptable pressure drop across of the wire. Such damaged filters have to be speed. Squat has severe detrimental effects the filter, filter mesh material for long life, discarded and renewed with a spare new on ship’s manoeuvring characteristics and maintenance aspects and of course the cost. one. ship handling in shallow water. If a vessel Amongst these, the particle size is the most is turned in shallow water at high speed, important factor in designing the filter, as it will If compressed air is used for cleaning, the she tends to heel outwards especially with have bearing on the condition of equipment air used must be clean and dry. The air the rudder hard over. This effect is larger on downstream. In this case, the life of fuel nozzle must be softer than the stainless vessel with lower transverse stability. One pumps, fuel injectors, liner and piston rings will steel wire and the filter must be blown in point to note here is that the effective draft be greatly affected in case of malfunctioning a reverse direction to the normal flow. The also increases on the lower side, thereby filters. filter candle must be blown with compressed reducing the UKC. air inside a container in the workshop to Operational Aspects prevent particles flying out. While blowing Finally, Navigators must consider the effect For maximum efficiency, the design requires filter candles, fire prevention care has to be of wind and current when handling a ship; operating the filter and maintaining the taken; hot work must not be taking place as in most cases effect of current is not pressure drop across the filter within limits, adjacent to the filter cleaning area. accounted for. A vessel moving in water has for maximum efficiency. The particle size a final direction of movement which usually specified is less than the normal clearances Conclusion: It is important for a senior is the resultant of two vectors, namely the existing in the fuel systems. The particles engineer to inspect the filter before and vessel’s course steered & speed, and normally expected in the fuel oil are silica, after cleaning and during the reassembly the direction & strength of current. Wind ash, asphaltene, catalytic fines and metals. All procedure. After re-assembly, the filter generally has a lesser effect on vessel as these particles are very hard and if they enter compartment must be vented off air, compared to current. the fuel system, they will cause wear and tear pressurized and checked for leakages. The of fuel pump barrel and plunger, fuel injector condition of the filter decides the life of key So a Navigator’s job is to understand the nozzle and guides, fuel injector holes and components in the fuel supply and engine theory well, observe actions of senior finally liner and piston rings. system. Good filtration of fuel will also navigators including Pilots & put them to prevent breakdown of equipment and save practice during handling of ships. They It is imperative that the fuel used in marine unnecessary maintenance and cost. should make full and bold use of engines, diesel engines is clean and filters are rudder and all machinery without any maintained in good condition for trouble-free reluctance or hesitation. operation. S.Viswanathan Principal Maintenance SIMS, Lonavala Fuel supply systems for a marine diesel engine have suction filters and hot filters to trap the

9 SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 SHARING EXPERIENCES Expected Conduct of a Professional Seafarer Every Ship’s Officer currently employed and The first incident pertains to a fully laden preparing to become one should make one Panamax bulk carrier, east bound through Capt. Kishore Johri pledge to him/herself and remind him/herself the English Channel, under my Command. At Nautical Faculty of it every day: 2030hrs, shortly after reaching the Bridge, I SIMS, Lonavala was aghast at what I saw. We were heading “As a responsible mariner, I shall carry out full speed towards the mid-ship part of a fully my duties and responsibilities to best of laden supertanker, at about 30 degrees angle, was ascertained and found to be entirely away my abilities for ship’s safe operation” in calm waters and absolutely clear visibility! from the positions that had been plotted by the We were the overtaking vessel. To make Second Officer. Needless to say, a potentially Throughout history, stakes have always matters worse, the vessel was still on autopilot. disastrous situation was averted in the nick of been high for those who ventured out to sea. In ten seconds, the helmsman was at the time. The maritime profession can be immensely wheel and hand steering engaged. There was remunerative and satisfying for the diligent no time to call Engine Room for emergency On both the above occasions, the Bridge was and careful mariner! Onboard ships, we put speed reduction, and it wouldn’t have worked manned by certificated officers, who had read extra emphasis on robust systems and well anyway. Fortunately, the vessel had twin and signed Master’s orders, signifying their formulated procedures for safe operations. KaMeWa CPP (Controllable Pitch Propellers). full understanding of the same, and the need Distance between our bow and the tanker was to comply with them. Each of these situations It has to be understood that systems do not so small I didn’t waste time looking into the could have resulted in huge monetary and break down on their own and procedures radar to check how much it was. Putting the environmental damage, probably coupled do not bypass themselves. These only give wheel hard over was not an option, because with loss of lives. One does not even wish to way due to wrongful actions or blunders by that would have caused our stern to ram into dwell on what it would have done to the good mariners employing the system or procedures. the tanker. Small helm movements were used, reputation of Indian Mariners. It’s the responsibility of the ship’s officer to combined with judicious adjustments to the ensure no short cuts are taken to subvert the pitch of the two propellers, to slowly bring There is no known substitute for experience. shipboard systems and procedures. our ship parallel to the tanker, then slowly fall Ego and pride should never be allowed to astern and let the tanker move clear ahead. interfere with decision-making. There will often A competent officer is not only expected When more sea room became available, bolder be times when you will be in doubt. At such to be knowledgeable of his work and keep course alterations were made to manoeuvre times do not, for even a moment, hesitate himself constantly updated with the latest own vessel away from the tanker to establish to inform or call the Master. Read Master’s developments and trends, but also required safe distance between the two ships. Later, we Standing Orders and Night Orders and comply to be calm and proactive. They must make overtook the supertanker safely. with them diligently. In a dynamic situation, it their business to remain calm in the face time is always of essence. Do not ever waste of crises and take appropriate actions in any The second incident happened on a capesize precious time debating in your mind, whether situation; be it a sudden engine breakdown bulk carrier in ballast, bound for Rotterdam for or not you should inform or call Master. Even in a narrow channel or high density traffic dry-docking, after having discharged cargo at the slightest doubt, make it your first priority separation scheme, or sudden failure of critical in Zeebrugge. Instructions had been written to pick up the phone and inform the Master, equipment during loading, discharging or by me in Night Order Book and arcs drawn any time of the day or night, whether visibility is mooring operations. It is well known that one on chart, making it totally clear to the OOW good or poor. Most shipping disasters happens is more capable of making correct decisions, as to when Master should be informed when because seniors were not timely informed of if one remains calm. Panicking only makes a approaching Wandelaar Lt. Ho. Yet, the phone developing situations or impending danger for bad situation worse. never rang. At about 0200 hours, I felt uneasy remedial action to be effectively taken. and rushed up to the Bridge. After quickly On a personal level, I am reminded of two checking vessel’s plotted positions on chart, I Complying with instructions and orders is a big occasions, when situations could have turned went into the dark Wheel House. Dangerously part of being - A Professional Mariner! A stitch into major disasters that might’ve dampened close and right ahead a red light was flashing in time saves nine! had the good reputation I and my previous - (did-did-da in Morse code for Uniform, which company (not ESM) built over the many means “You are running into danger”). I asked years through sheer diligence and hard work the Second Officer, if he knew what it meant. combined with professional competence. He did not. Our vessel was heading straight Destroying something is far easier and for an oil rig in the North Sea. Helmsman was takes lesser time than creating or building immediately called from the Bridge wing and something. hand steering was engaged. Vessel’s position

KNOWLEDGE SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 10 Being Assertiveness at Work A deep-draught vessel was navigating members should clearly recognize the line through a busy traffic-separation scheme. between assertiveness and aggressiveness. The bridge team were made up of a Master, There are a number of misconceptions about Capt. Vikram Kakar Nautical Faculty officer-of-the-watch (OOW) and helmsman; assertiveness. Most common misconceptions SIMS, Mumbai all of whom were of different nationalities. are The Master took over navigational duties 1. Assertiveness is the same as being from the OOW and changed course, to aggressive”. avoid an area of high traffic density. The Though the needs for an aggressive and new track was checked by the OOW, who assertive team member is same, the 3. Anxiety and stress: We know how to was aware that there were areas on the new communication method used and body be assertive but we get so anxious that heading with draught restrictions for the language displayed are different. There we find we can’t carry out the behaviour. vessel giving rise to chance of grounding. are very important differences between We may be so stressed that it becomes stating your needs assertively and stating difficult to think and act clearly. The OOW felt hesitant in openly challenging them aggressively. the master for taking the unsafe track, but The benefits of being assertive instead asked the master whether he was 2. “Assertiveness is a tool to get what I One may have difficulty in ascertaining as to ‘satisfied’ with the new track, to which the want”. how assertive he is. At times, we may feel master acquiesced by nodding. The vessel Being assertive is putting your thoughts extremely capable of putting our views across continued along its track towards the area across to others. These thoughts might and being assertive while in some other with a draught restriction, the OOW remained be accepted or rejected by the team situations could find ourselves not really able silent, the master continued to focus on members or the team would come to a to express how we felt or thought, and feeling collision avoidance. mutual agreement. This should be taken upset or frustrated with ourselves. in a healthy note, when engaging in Minutes later, the vessel ran aground. conversation in a teamwork. Though being assertive is considered as a healthy communication style, being assertive It has been noted in many similar incidents, 3. “I need to be assertive in all situations” also lets other people take your thoughts that the root cause that could’ve prevented Understanding the concept of being seriously and be heard. such scenarios lied in the lack of assertiveness assertive with a positive outcome would from lower ranked officers. Junior officers make you mature enough to differentiate Behaving assertively can help you: are expected and encouraged to be more a situation when you need to be assertive • Boost your self-confidence assertive because of their role in the bridge or not. In some situations, being assertive • Recognize your feelings and that of others team, especially - when working under the might not be the most helpful way to • Have your views heard authority of Master during critical parts of behave. • Build a healthy teamwork navigation. But the term “assertiveness” is • Enhance your skills and personality much misunderstood by the junior officers with What stops us from being assertive? • Get and provide job satisfaction being aggressive. 1. Negative Experiences: Past bad experiences might hinder us from being It takes a great deal of effort to become Drawing the line between aggressiveness and assertive in the future. This is one of the assertive, especially when you are dealing assertiveness is always a difficult proposition, major causes, due to the direct human with seniors or people who are high on whether the person is managing a team or interface involved. Negative thoughts like: authority and particularly in cultures having trying to advance in his career. We have • I might sound rude and selfish when high power distance (such as in India and all heard people say “you need to be more I speak China). Sometimes by nature a person might assertive!” But what exactly is assertiveness? • I might spoil the environment and be silent, so learning to be assertive might take interpersonal relationship time and a lot of practice. Though they might Assertiveness is a communication style. It is • I might be silenced in a group, making be other hidden reasons also for not being being able to express your feelings, thoughts, me feel embarrassed assertive, one should irrespective of these beliefs, and opinions in an open manner • My thoughts might not make a challenges always continue to assert himself that doesn’t violate the rights of others. difference and I may be laughed upon diplomatically. Other communication styles such as being aggressive, is one that violates the rights of and much more will stop or damage our Remember being assertive shows we respect others, whereas being passive is where we ability to be assertive. ourselves and other people. violate our own rights. 2. Personality: It may be that we just don’t Misconceptions about Assertiveness have the verbal and nonverbal skills Since assertiveness is mostly expected from to be assertive. We may watch other team members, the team leader should clearly people being assertive and admire their recognize the need for a balance between behaviours, but have no real idea how to authority and assertiveness, while the team be like that ourselves.

11 SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 SHARING EXPERIENCES The Critical Facets of Ship to Ship Transfer Operations A mother-daughter relationship is said it also was very tiresome for my crew. Juggling to be one of the strongest bonds. It is with the rest hours was not easy either. I not surprising then, that the two vessels however learnt a lot from this experience and Capt. V Fernandes involved in a lightering operation have appreciated the skills and expertise required to Nautical Faculty SIMS, Mumbai always been called a mother vessel and a continuously carry out this kind of operation. daughter vessel. More recently it has been All the operations done there were without revised to (Ship to be Lightered) STBL and tugs and with both ships running in. LV (Lighter vessel) or SS (service ship), gets too violent, anything less and there will be however the relationship still stands. One thing that really struck me was the no attraction between the ships. interaction forces, which come in to play when Lightering or Ship to Ship (STS) transfer the two vessels come close to each other. With every STS, you cannot miss noticing the operations at sea are the only times when attraction between the two vessels as they 2 large vessels make contact intentionally. There are three main factors in play while slowly come together. Once the ships get There is a fine line between coming alongside coming alongside another vessel parallel to each other within a distance of about and a collision. Even a well-planned mooring - The speed of the two vessels 50 metres, the two ships slowly begin getting or unmooring operation during STS could - The distance between the vessels, and, attracted towards each other. It’s like a magnet, suddenly go wrong ending up in a contact or - The available Under-Keel Clearance drawing them together. The motion of the ships collision at sea. (UKC) and the increase of velocity of the sea water between the ships produces a venturi effect, There are many factors involved that could UKC was not an issue as the operation was which also produces a small negative pressure facilitate an STS operation going awry. being done more than 50 miles from land and between the hulls. This draws the ships closer External factors such as bad weather, high available depths were over 100 metres, which to each other until they make contact with the swell, inadequate fendering and incompatible left us with only two things to control, the fenders. The hydrodynamics at play here is ships and Internal factors like inexperience speed and the distance between us. something you will rarely notice out at sea and and fatigue are the major contributors to is common in this kind of operation. accidents during STS. Most of the STS operations were done with Aframax tankers coming alongside to us. In Once alongside, they stick together as long as In 2010, I was in command of a VLCC which fact, we had run out of fresh water due to a both ships are moving. This is the time when was purely engaged in STS operations off long stay offshore and did an STS with an the ships pass the mooring lines to each other. Southwold, UK, which is on the East coast Aframax tanker only to take fresh water on Once all fast, the larger vessel goes to a safe of England in the North Sea. My previous board! The master of that vessel was not too location and drops anchor. experience in STS was only in the area of Gulf pleased. of Mexico and my main apprehension doing While coming alongside may look tricky, it is STS operations in the North Sea was due to Being the larger vessel, my main job was to actually the unmooring and sailing away that the weather. maintain a steady course, which was pre- causes more concern. Most mooring masters determined at a speed of 4.5 to 5 kts. This on the daughter vessel would keep the mother Although I can’t recall the exact number, It was speed is usually considered to be ideal for ship at anchor and use engines & transverse close to around 30 STS operations in a period STS as it provides a hint of interaction being thrust of the propeller to get the bow to move of three months; with many of them being back just the right amount for the ships to come away. Underway unmooring requires a lot to back. While this was a stressful time for me, alongside. Anything more and the interaction of skill as the same interaction forces that brought the ships together, now prevent them from separating. It is mainly for this reason that most daughter vessels prefer going alongside the mother ship on her starboard side, i.e. a port side alongside for the daughter vessel. The transverse thrust of the propeller when going astern helps take the bow away to starboard while the stern pushes against the mother ship. Ship to Ship operations is a vast topic and is something which requires a high level of skill and expertise. If you do get the opportunity to be part of this operation, do observe the interaction between the two ships.

CADET’S DIARY SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 12 Treating Sanitary Water for Boilers Project Report by B. Tech Cadets with reducing the expense for using the FWG, hence we looked at Cdt. Vijay Shukla recycling the sanitary water using B. Tech 03 purification methods to produce SIMS, Lonavala fresh water of required quality to be used as the boiler feed water. The water, which is produced after Electrocoagulation treatment chamber recycling is proposed to be fed into consists of iron (Fe) and aluminium(Al) blades/ the Boiler Feed Water Tank after electrodes and a DC supply. various stages of purification. Solids that are normally held in a solution One of the methods to by hydrogen bond in the water molecule are purify the sanitary water is “shocked” in the chamber of electrified iron “electrocoagulation”; this method and aluminium blades. This reaction breaks is cheap but rarely used. The hydrogen bond, and the solid drops out of This project was researched and carried out water coming from bathroom and galley solution. This removes the contaminants in as part of our final semester’s curriculum, spaces consists of soap and oil particles in water, and allows solids to be filtered. as per the requirements of Indian Maritime colloidal form, which cannot be filtered; so by University (IMU). We were assisted by Mr. using this method, the colloidal impurities are After the reaction, what is left is the water Abhijit Nalawade (R & D Department) in this precipitated and then can be easily filtered. molecules and solids either in suspension or project. precipitated, which can be filtered out. Coagulation is one of the most important Fresh water is a precious commodity on physiochemical operations used in water Experimental Set Up board ship and its consumption needs to be treatment. This is a process used to cause Water from SIMS hostel sanitary pipe line was monitored daily to detect abnormalities (such the destabilization and aggregation of smaller collected and kept in a glass container for as leakages and wastage) with unfailing care. particles into larger particles. Since electricity electro-coagulation. Two electrodes placed in Upon researching, we learnt that the use of is used to complete this process, it is called the tank completely immersed in water and DC sea water results in excessive corrosion of the electrocoagulation. supply has been given across the electrodes. water distribution system, pipelines and valves, Voltage, current and time have been recorded which in turn increases the maintenance costs. Electrocoagulation uses a treatment chamber during experimentation. These days, in most modern ships, fresh water and electricity to treat different type of waste is used for sanitary purposes. While sailing at streams consisting of heavy metals, virus, Results sea, the ships generate fresh water on board bacteria, TDS (total dissolved solids), and TSS The samples were collected before and by principally using waste heat from Main (total suspended solids). after the electro-coagulation and following Engine (or Auxiliary Engine) Jacket Cooling parameters were analysed in the analysis water. laboratory located in Pune. Parameter Unit Before After % Since, there’s a large need of fresh water to change meet the crew and machinery requirements, 1 pH --- 7.17 7.53 -5.02 either the fresh water generator (FWG) size has to be reasonably big or it has to run 2 Total Dis- mg/l 300.00 190.00 36.67 solved Solids for long hours . Boiler is one of the crucial [TDS] machineries in the engine room, which 3 Total mg/l 38.39 3.40 91.14 requires distilled water in terms of hardness Suspended Solids [TSS] and silica contents to prevent scale formation Before 4 Total Hard- mg/l 180.00 90.00 50.00 in the tubes. Generally, the capacity of FWG ness as CaCO3 is sufficient for meeting the requirements of both the consumption of the boiler feed water 5 Oil and mg/l 11.90 7.00 41.18 Grease and of the crews’ needs. However,in case of 6 Chemical mg/l 670.00 40.00 94.03 longer anchorage stay while waiting for berths, Oxygen De- mand [COD] the FW evaporators fitted on board will need 7 Biological mg/l 200.00 14.00 93.00 to use steam for heating the sea water as Oxygen De- feed for making fresh water and in view of mand [BOD] fuel consumption involved, it is not a preferred 8 Reactive mg/l 2.30 0.80 65.22 Silica As method. SiO2 9 Total chlo- mg/l 44.98 39.98 11.12 rides as Cl So we wanted to find a solution for the continuous supply of boiler feed water along After Continued on Page 16

13 SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 CAMPUS NEWS March-past at the campus parade ground “Better opportunities lies in the near future for cadets who are willing to work hard” Joint Director General of Shipping, Mr. Amitabh Kumar spurs Graduates A sea of smartly dressed 119 cadets in their be simple cadets but instead ambassadors the industries that require the main knowledge black suits, ties and white caps filled the who would be representing India and the in the shipping industry. stands at the SIMS Lonavala Auditorium on industry. Adding on that they will be carrying 15 June, 2016 to celebrate their graduation, a lot of responsibilities at such a young age, As he concluded his speech, Mr Amitabh having completed their one year training he said there was nothing to fear and that they Kumar suggested the recently launched in the Diploma in Nautical Science would do well with the lessons learnt and bond E-Learning platform of D.G shipping that can programme. of comradeship that they will have with SIMS, be used to broaden the new hands in the Lonavala and their friends. He encouraged industry. He added that the seafarers can take Mr Amitabh Kumar, Joint Director General of the seafarers-to-be to start interacting with mock test, assess themselves and be fully Shipping, Ministry of Shipping, India, was the the outer world and continue learning and prepared for whatever kind of examination Chief Guest for the ceremony. He was joined upgrading themselves. is required for their certifications. It is offered by faculty members and parents. free right now by the Maritime Training Trust Citing a recent report released during the recent he added. In his address to the graduates from the Seafarers Awareness Week on the forecast of 20th batch, who would soon be sailing with a shortfall of seafarers in the coming years, The chief guest was given a guard of honour Executive Ship Management, the chief guest the chief guest said that better opportunities at the campus parade ground and toured the gave a glimpse of the sea life they would be exist in the near future for the cadets who are institute and the many training facilities. He experiencing after their time at the institute. willing to work hard. He spurred the cadets also presented the best cadet awards among to contribute heavily towards development of other prizes during the ceremony. He reminded them that they would no longer shipping as an industry in India and to some of Mr. Amitabh Kumar meeting the SIMS Faculty members Touring the Ship-in-Campus

CAMPUS NEWS SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 14 Chief Guest - Mr. Amitabh Kumar, Joint Director General of Shipping, Ministry of Shipping, Govt. of India DNS 20 batch cadets conferring the oath Special Award for scoring 100% marks Ghana Kanta Laskar Merit Scholarship, Most Popular Cadet, Ashish Parashar in Mathematics Paper, Gaurav Mange Cdt. Anmol Singh DNS20-019 DNS20-025 Best Orator, Farhan Khan DNS20-033 DNS20-035 Special Award for scoring 100% marks in Mathematics Paper, Ankush Kumar Best in HSSE, Rohit Singh Hada Best in Marpol & BME, Best in Marpol & BME, DNS20-018 DNS20-079 Devesh Khomane DNS20-031 Ankur Bajwa DNS20-017 Best in English, MH & HF, Best in Bridge Equipment WK, Best in Applied Science, Best in Mathematics, Shyamji Mourya DNS20-095 Abhinav Wadhwa DNS20-002 Karandeep Sidhu DNS20-053 Paras Dhiman DNS20-067 DNS 20 PRIZE LIST Best in Mathematics: Paras Dhiman 20-067 Special Award for scoring 100% marks in Mathematics Paper: Best in Applied Science: Karandeep Sidhu 20-053 Pushappreet Singh 20-074 Best in Stability and Construction: Gaurav Mange 20-035 Best in HSSE: Rohit Singh Hada 20-079 Best in Navigation & Chart Work: Ankush Kumar 20-018 Best in Hands on Training: Karandeep Sidhu 20-053 Best in Bridge Equipment WK: Abhinav Wadhwa 20-002 2nd Runner up in Academics: Pushappreet Singh 20-074 Best in Cargo work, Seamanship: Gaurav Mange 20-035 1st Runner up in Academics: Ankush Kumar 20-018 Best in Cargo Work, Seamanship: Harikrishna P 20-38 Best in Academics: Gaurav Mange 20-035 Best in English, MH & HF: Shyamji Mourya 20-095 Best Sportsman: Anandhu Madhu 20-014 Best in Marpol & BME: Ankur Bajwa 20-017 Best Orator: Farhan Khan 20-033 Best in Marpol & BME: Devesh Khomane 20-031 Best Cadet Captain: Rohit Singh Hada 20-079 Best in Maritime Comm: Harikrishna P 20-038 Best Cadet Captain: Anandhu Madhu 20-014 Special Award for scoring 100% marks in Mathematics Paper: Best Cadet Captain: Ankush Kumar 20-018 Ankush Kumar 20-018 Most Popular Cadet: Ashish Parashar 20-025 Special Award for scoring 100% marks in Mathematics Paper: Best Cadet: Pushappreet Singh 20-74 Gaurav Mange 20-035

15 SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 Mr. K.V.Hariprasad, Faculty Electrical KNOWLEDGE Reducing Noise Pollution On Board Assesing the Problems and Current Industry Efforts spaces, and facilitate speech communication before reaching the interior parts; through air and detection of audible alarms in critical and through the structure. The table below Mr Jims Andrews spaces. All noise control problems consist illustrates some examples of source noise Engineering Faculty SIMS, Lonavala of three elements: a noise source, a noise control measures. (Table 1) transmission path and a noise receiver. Code on noise levels on board ships Noise-control measures can be applied IMO resolution MSC.337 (91), which In the past, seafarers had been grossly to any one or all of the basic elements of a prescribes the Code on noise levels on board negligent about the fact that noise on board noise problem. The noise generated from a ships, stipulates the maximum allowed noise is not just a nuisance, but a significant sound source in a ship is transmitted within levels in certain locations as given in the health hazard as well. Maybe they had the ship through two transmission paths following table. (Table 2) more pressing things in their minds while venturing out into the perilous sea than the notion of a ‘sound sleep’. Now that Noise source Noise measures maritime fraternity has finally woken up to the bitter truth, “The Code on noise levels Main Diesel Engine Thick insulation lagging around intake air/ exhaust gas pipes, silencer at blower intake, and supports for main engine to prevent on board ships” has been formulated as vibration. safeguard against noise by regulation II- 1/3-12 of SOLAS, 1974, as amended. This Generator Diesel Noise preventing cover around cylinder head and motor operated code is a mandatory instrument (except for Engine valve mechanism, and vibration prevention support for common certain provisions, which are informatory bedplate. or recommendatory in nature) and has Diesel engine Fit a silencer (for generator engine), thick insulation lagging, and taken effect for new ships since 1st July exhaust gas pipe elastic support for preventing vibration of exhaust gas pipe. 2014. Air conditioning Use low-noise compressor, supports to prevent vibration of AC In this context, it will be worthwhile to cast a system system, insulation and absorption materials on ducts, & stays on glance at the basics of noise and what makes it ducts to prevent vibration. so undesirable in most instances. By definition, noise is any undesired sound or vibration. Ventilating fan Use low-noise fan, and fit stays to prevent vibration of fan, etc. Sounds, particularly loud ones, which disturb people and make it hard to receive desirable Table 1 sounds, are classified as noise. In general, even in environments other than the marine, noise can hardly be described as desirable. Let’s look at the detrimental attributes which make it a veritable persona non grata. • Over the years, through extensive scientific research, noise-induced hearing loss has been associated with persistent high noise levels. • Exposure to noise may increase the likelihood of accidents due to high levels hampering communications and warning signals. • Excessive machinery vibration, which is a key reason for noise, will eventually lead to structural fatigue, premature bearing failures and subsequent increased maintenance requirements. Noise control techniques have been devised for reducing the likelihood of accidents and minimizing the risk to the health of personnel working within noisy environments. In particular, the noise control techniques protect the seafarers against noise-induced hearing loss, create a fair degree of comfort in the living

KNOWLEDGE SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 16 Continued from Page 12 Location Maximum personal protection and maintenance of allowed noise noise suppression measures. Broadly, level (dB) the code provides requirements and Machinery spaces 110 recommendations for the following, Machinery control 75 rooms 1. Measurement of noise levels and Workshops other than 85 exposure those in machinery 2. Protecting the seafarers from the risk spaces of noise-induced hearing loss; under Navigation bridge and 65 conditions where at present it is not chart rooms feasible to limit the noise to a level, Impurities collected Radio rooms 60 which is not potentially harmful. Radar rooms 65 3. Limits on acceptable maximum noise Cabin and hospitals 55 levels for all spaces to which seafarers normally have access Mess rooms and 60 4. Verification of acoustic insulation between recreation rooms accommodation spaces. Offices 60 Galleys and pantries 75 Although the code per se is mandatory only Normally unoccupied 60 for the new ships, it is in our own interest spaces that we do our bit to voluntarily comply with Samples collected. Left - before electrocoagulation, the requirements of the code irrespective right - after electrocoagulation Table 2 of whether the ship is old or new. It will be Inferences and Conclusion: It will be easier to understand these sound worthwhile to remember that the ship’s age Following inferences obtained from the levels if we compare them with the sound does not have any bearing on the extent of results obtained during electro-coagulation levels from commonly encountered sources. damage due to unacceptable noise levels treatment process: on board. 1. Electro-coagulation is most effective for The code provides the basis for a design reducing Total Suspended Solids (TSS). standard, which with the help of satisfactory (Ref: IMO code on noise level on ships, 2. Electro-coagulation is also effective for sea trials, eventually results in issuance of a Resolution MSC.337 (91)-2014 edition.) reducing Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) noise survey report. The continued operational as well as hardness of water compliance is asserted and reinforced on 3. Reactive Silica get reduced by 62% after the crews being trained in the principles of treating the water by electro-coagulation 4. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) get minimized by 14% and 40% respectively after electro-coagulation process Conclusion After getting positive results from laboratory test set-up, electro-coagulation system can be implemented effectively for converting sanitary water into boiler feed water on board ships. Future Scope The treated water collected after electro- coagulation process will be passed through Reverse Osmosis (RO) plant for further purification.

17 SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 KNOWLEDGE Impact of Drones in the Maritime Industry Capt. VR. Krishnan Nautical Faculty SIMS, Lonavala S.Viswanathan Principal SIMS, Lonavala It is believed that South Korean authorities in Busan port are successfully using drones to patrol; their coastline in critical areas to deter illegal anchoring by unknown vessels in nearby sea lanes. Some container liner owners have also Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles In September 2015, Danish ship owner DS expressed their intentions to use drones to (UAV) or in simple words, “flying robots”. Norden reportedly used drones for video- check the condition of the container stacks on They may be remotely operated or can fly a graphing the cargo holds of some of their bulk board their ships for safety and security. planned route with an embedded software carriers in port; especially after the discharge such as a GPS system. Drones are widely of the previous cargo to make their cargo holds It is given to understand that Turkish authorities used these days for both military and grain ready. Their port captains were quite in Istanbul are monitoring the cases of marine non-military purposes such as aerial successful in completing these inspections pollution as well as emissions from vessels photography and videography in sporting swiftly and with positive results. using the Bosporus Straits by using drones. or other civilian events. Drones can successfully be used to inspect EMSA and ESA (European Space Agency) These small robots can also be used in the external parts of the ship such as masts, deck have reportedly teamed up to introduce maritime industry. Although there are no clear cranes, jibs and other similar structures quite emission-sniffing drones which are fitted guidelines for their safe usage, at sea and safely and effectively. with Sulphur and Carbon-di-oxide Sensors for shipboard applications, there are several to monitor the emissions of SOx and NOx reports of drones being successfully used in It was widely reported in maritime trade news in the ECA (Emission Control Areas) around the maritime industry today. that Maersk had used drones to safely land European waters especially the North Sea, DHL courier packets containing small quantity Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Sea. One of the most recent cases, was the use of ship spares to their vessels. Although their of a drone by DNV GL on board a vessel in drones could not be launched from the shore The USCG and Canadian Coast Guards (CG) Remontowa Shipyard at Gdansk, Poland, due to inclement weather, they were launched are also contemplating the use of drones where a camera fitted drone was used for a from a tugboat offshore for safety’s sake. to monitor incidents and assist in solving tank inspection on board a chemical tanker These packages were dropped on the deck maritime accidents around their seaways. In “CPO Japan”. The results according to DNV of their ship from a height of 5 metres. This fact, the Canadian CG recently used drones GL were spectacular and this has prompted operation by drones heralds the possibility to identify safe routes in ice-bound seas for the them to formulate guidelines for the use of of using drones for supplying critical spares, safety of ice navigation of ships. drones in ship surveys and inspections in the charts, stores, mail and even medicines on future. DNVGL is contemplating the use of board ships at sea. This will cut down not only Drones can also be safely activated to enhance drones in conjunction with IRIS (International the time but also the need for sending these surveillance activity in piracy areas off West standard for Railway Industry). They reported items to ships outside port limits by tugs or coast of Africa, Somalia and the South East that the system could automatically absorb other boats, which is the current practice. Asian waters. The Offshore Oil industry could photos on a ship with 3D modeling of vessel’s also benefit a lot from using drones. Maersk Oil structure. This could not only be cost beneficial What are the other possibilities of using has reportedly used ROAV (remotely operated but also save a lot of time and resources. DNV drones in the maritime industry? air vehicle) to inspect an oil tank for structural GL is reported to be currently tailor making Drones can safely be used in maritime strength on the FPSO “Gryphon” in the North drones for various shipboard inspections. surveillance especially for anti-piracy or for Sea. Normally such inspections were done by SAR (Search and Rescue) operations. EMSA men hanging off ropes - RATS (Rope Access In another recent case, a chemical tanker (European Maritime Safety Agency) says that Technicians) and it would take them about four “Apollo” was inspected using drones in drones could be used to monitor the progress days to complete, however with ROAV, this Bremerhaven, Germany. The ship’s 14 cargo of small boats and other objects in the sea task was accomplished in about a day and a tanks were inspected in a time span of two especially in the recent refugee crisis, as half. The results were positive. and a half days against the normal inspection migrants are using the sea route to migrate time of five days. Structural inspection of cargo from their strife ridden home countries in small The US Navy is reportedly testing a prototype tanks of a large oil tanker as well as cargo hold boat-loads but in huge numbers in precarious drone called the “Flimmer”. This drone can fly in of a bulk carrier are also reported from Europe conditions resulting in the loss of lives at times. and China. Continued on Page 20

ARTS & PHOTOGRAPHY SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 18 The Garden Of Beauty Poem and Photos by: Cdt. Anush Bhagawath Shiny drizzle of water, magical hint of fertile soil GME 20 and a little mix of sunshine, SIMS, Lonavala Love is what they spread; flowers indeed are alluring and divine. A symbol of passion for lovers, respect for the dead and victory for the winners, A tiny flower, that’s all it takes for another soul to smile, They blossom widely all over, diffusing joy and It may be a Rose, Jasmine, Alpine Daisy or the lily of the Nile. bounty on valleys, peaks and rivers. When searching for words, Here the white beauty widespread and abound unexplained feelings, flowers we share. infuse the light breeze to caress the cement forest, Like a thousand sweet poems, The giant trees and the pink bloom calmly pay their tribute they show that we love and care. to the majestic ship; the mightiest. Their beauty and fragrance fly and sail, Nature being the art, flowers be the creators colourful paint, far and long distance. I see the oneness of the beauty and the nature, Through sunlight or shadow she stands erect not fearing the fearsome, invincible or the giant. flaunting her beauty strong and persistent. Spreading their happiness and sprinkling their joy all around; are the charming mayflowers, Glamorous red petals tumbling down the earth unfolding goodness like rain showers.

19 SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 CADET’S DIARY the main deck. Life buoys are placed at regular intervals on the main deck. Superstructure comprises of accommodation, navigational bridge and the monkey island (or flying bridge). Accommodation is the space where the crews’ living quarters, mess room, galley, provision rooms, etc. are located. Navigational bridge is the space from where the ship is navigated. It is equipped with all the necessary navigational equipment. As is the case with actual ships, manoeuvring control of this model is also located in the bridge. Building a Bulk Carrier Model The Integrated Circuit (IC) for the control of this scaled down model is placed inside the Project Report by DNS 20 Cadets Bridge. Additionally, Stevenson’s screen, Gyro repeaters and EPIRB are placed at the bridge wings with navigational side lights. This project is an attempt to build a model For the breast lines, winches are mounted on of a Bulk Carrier to facilitate general the main deck. Monkey Island houses Magnetic Compass, familiarization and to study the concept Radar Scanner, Communication Antennas and of basic ship stability through a working Access to chain locker is mounted at the Anemometer. The main mast is also mounted model. forecastle. Chain locker is an enclosed space with the navigational lights and an INTERCO where anchor cable is stowed and the bitter Flag BRAVO is kept flying to signify that ship is The project was conceived and executed end is secured. The anchor cable comes out engaged in bunkering or handling dangerous by Cdt. Gaurav Mange, Cdt. Farhaan, Cdt. of the chain locker through the spurling pipe, cargo. Aashish Jaiswal and Cdt. Devyesh, cadets of passes over the gypsy and bow stopper, DNS 20 batch, out of their curiosity and interest then finally goes out of the hull to the anchor One life boat each operated by davit is placed to demonstrate their understanding in topics through the hawse pipe. on either side of the superstructure. like ship operation, stability, navigation, etc. They were mentored and guided by Mr. Anand The forward mast is also mounted at the Fireman’s outfit, Breathing apparatus sets and Koni, Nautical Instructor at SIMS Lonavala. forecastle. The forward mast is mounted other fire prevention and firefighting equipment with the forward masthead light and whistle, are located at various places on the ship as The team felt that there should be a working complying with the requirements of the per the ship’s Fire Control Plan. scale model of a Bulk Carrier in the campus so COLREGs. A Bow thruster is fitted at the that the new cadets, who join SIMS, would be forward end. The garbage storing drums meeting the able to visualize the parts of the vessel at an MARPOL requirements are kept on the poop early stage of their training programme itself The fire main and hydraulic lines run along deck. as an alternative to actually visiting any vessel. the main deck or the upper deck also known Understanding the theory of ship construction as weather deck. The hydraulic lines carry Getting it to Work and visualization can always be daunting, hydraulic oil, under pressure, for the operation This is a twin screw ship. Main power source unless someone goes hands-on. With the of hatch covers. The fire main carry seawater for the engines (motors) is provided with a 12V understanding that practical knowledge always for firefighting and general cleaning of decks rechargeable battery which is placed under plays an important role in comprehending the and cargo holds. Mushroom ventilators are the forecastle. The output of this battery is theoretical concept, it was decided to connect present for each hold to provide required connected to the IC placed inside the Bridge. the two methodologies and bridge this gap. ventilation for the cargo in the hold. The The connections for the motors are taken from access to the accommodation ladder is from the IC. The IC is also designed to make motors The scaled down model is of a Panamax size bulk carrier. There are five cargo holds, whose hatch covers are operated hydraulically. The inner mechanism to show this hydraulic system consists of arrangement of rubber bands and thumb pins. The ship is equipped with two AC- 14 anchors on each side of the bow flare on ship, which is fitted with a bulbous bow. As on the actual ship, the mooring arrangements are mounted on the forecastle deck as well as on the poop deck, and comprises of a pair of windlass on forecastle deck and a pair of winches on the poop deck along with the set of bitts, fairlead arrangement and chain stopper.

CADET’S DIARY SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 20 Continued from Page 17 ship listed even more. The ship listed to stbd. air at speeds of upto 50 kts. and underwater side when we loaded at speeds of about 10 kts. This would of the weights towards course be a military application. This can the stbd. side of the however be used for surveillance in drug holds. smuggling by the sea, where packets are smuggled out by ships whose underwater We concluded areas are vulnerable for attaching small The end on which the packets of drugs and being attached to cargo was loaded, the hulls of merchant ships by drug smugglers ship trimmed to that using one man submarines. end. In opposition to that when the cargo Drones can also be effectively used for was removed from an minesweeping activities at sea as well end the ship trimmed as looking for casualties in smoke filled rotate in both clockwise and anti-clockwise to the end opposite to which the cargo was compartments and enclosed spaces on directions. The manoeuvring commands are removed from. ships in event of fire damages. given from a Radio Remote Control. The IC, which is also fitted with a radio receiver, The side on which the cargo was loaded, the There are innumerable applications of receives its feed from the Remote Control by ship listed to that side. But when the cargo was drones in the maritime industry and in the Antenna. Though the ship is fitted with removed from the side, the ship listed to the the coming years, we would be able rudders, they are dummy. However, the ship’s side opposite to which the cargo was removed to see many more such effective and heading can be changed to port or starboard from. beneficial advantages. DNV GL is trying by reversing the motors as necessary. to utilize drones and other alternatives for In simple terms, Centre of Gravity (COG) of inspection of MOUs as well as establishing How the model helped us in understanding the ship moves toward the COG of the cargo a certification service for external drone stability when loaded and moves away from COG of operators to qualify to conduct inspection The holds are designed so that the cargo can the cargo when discharged, which causes trim work on classed MOUs. This could open the be loaded and discharged as desired. Loading and/or list. way for remote or autonomous inspections & Discharging of cargo changes the position of ships as part of survey schemes in the of the Center of Gravity (COG) of the ship. Launching Day near future. This will benefit shipyards as This result in list, trim and also determines It was a mixed feeling of excitement and well as other stakeholders immensely. whether a vessel is stiff, tender or unstable. nervousness for the team on the launching External forces such as wind and the seas, day. There were butterflies in our stomach too. What are the pitfalls of using drones in etc. also affect the stability by heeling the ship Questions such as will she float, will the motors the maritime industry? to some angle. In our model, list and trim can and the propellers be able to make her move Presently there are no standards available be observed by loading/ discharging/ shifting kept running through our head. Finally to all our control the types of drones usable on board the weights in the cargo holds. delight, the Ocean 4 floated absolutely upright ships. As a matter of safety, there are no with a slight trim by stern, when launched. And drones which are intrinsically safe which What we observed as the motors turned the propellers, she started could be used in flammable environment On loading some weights in Hold no.1 and moving gracefully in the water bodies of SIMS of tanks on ships or other similar adverse no.2 we observed that forward draught was Lonavala. With congratulations pouring in from conditions. more than after draught, i.e. the ship had all well-wishers it was a moment of immense trimmed by Head. When these weights were job satisfaction. There are differing laws in force in various shifted to hold no.5 then aft draught became countries regarding the violation of airspace more than forward draught, i.e. the ship had of that country. Recently it came to light that trimmed by stern. When we finally removed a ship which was transiting the Suez Canal weights we found that the ship was again at had launched a drone fitted with cameras even keel. to photograph herself during the transit. She was ordered to anchor by the Suez Some weights were loaded in Hold no.2, 3 and Canal Authorities and the drone as well no.4 towards the port side and the ship was as the memory cards were confiscated. listed to port. As we increased the weights the The P & I club, Gard has warned the shipping fraternity to desist from doing this from their ships as it would have serious consequences for the owners. Ships and Masters are warned that any violations of prevalent regulations may lead to criminal prosecution.

21 SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 CADET’S DIARY Historical Monuments Around SIMS: Visapur Fort of Visapur, both north and south gateways rocks. We kept in mind the steep valley below were blown up, and except for a few huts, us, taking each step slowly, we kept moving nothing was left standing. In contrast, most of towards the entrance. Lohagad fort is still intact. Cdt. Siddharth Ram Binod Singh, Cdt. Ronnie Clinton, Cdt. Gangesh Mukund, Cdt. Aangad Oberoi, Five of us started the trek around 1500 hours Midway, we noticed a board written in Marathi Cdt. Devanshu Nautiyal on a cloudy afternoon. We began at Bhaja that read when translated, “towards Visapur”, GME-20, SIMS Lonavala caves that was situated at the foothills of the and we happily thought that the climb was In the final instalment of our ten part series mountains on which the fort is situated. about to finish. However, we were proved on historical monuments around SIMS, a wrong as it required 200 more metres of group of five cadets from GME 20, SIMS Firstly, observing the fort from the foothill, it climbing to reach the front door of the fort. We Lonavala, made their way to Visapur Fort, did seem daunting to attempt the climb and spotted a guard-house here, which used to be a famed treasury of the Maratha kingdom, actually turned out to be a challenging task. the place for the sentries of the fort to guard located near Malavli (nearest railway The climb up the hill towards the fort began the entry and exit to/from the fort. station after Lonavala towards Pune), by taking tips from the local people near the hardly 10 kilometres away from SIMS caves, which helped us get valuable ideas The entry of the fort had a primitive guard house Lonavala Campus. about the trek. along with a sculpture of Lord Hanuman just alongside. Moving up the stairs, we entered Visapur is part of the Lohagad-Visapur Climbing up the hill was a difficult task, the fort’s interior through the staggered steps fortification situated 1084 meters above because neither were there any readymade where everything was very calm and we could sea level and built on the same plateau as path nor were there any evidence of an find clumps of trees at random places. Lohagad, which was constructed during established route towards the fort. Hence, we 1713-1720 CE by Balaji Vishwanath, the first just started moving towards the fort through The fort is larger and at a higher elevation Peshwa of Maratha Empire; but much after the the trees and bushes making our own way, in than its twin, Fort Lohagad. Within the fort are Lohagad fort. However, the histories of the two a truly pioneering spirit befitting SIMS. caves, cisterns of water, a decorated arch and forts are closely linked. an old houses. There were remains of two As we made our way up, we noticed animal roofless buildings surrounded by outer veranda In 1818, when reducing the might of Peshwa’s faeces lying around and followed the same trail walls and said to have once been Government forts, the British made special arrangements which led us to a hut on a plateaued portion of Offices. The ruins of a large stone built house and preparations for an attack on Visapur Fort. the hill, where we met a man whom we asked are known as the Peshwa’s Palace. A detachment of 380 European and 800 native for the further directions. soldiers attacked the fort on 4 March 1818. In addition to a huge carving of the Lord The British won and occupied the fort. He was kind enough to lead us to the starting Hanuman, there are also several temples of the climb towards the south entrance that is dedicated to him scattered all over the place, Making use of its higher elevation and one of the two entrances to the fort. When he so we deduced that Hanuman or Maruti was proximity to Lohagad, the British troops set up left, the steep climb looked next to impossible likely the patron deity of the fort. We also found their cannons on Visapur fort and bombarded as the entrance had been destroyed centuries evidence of fresh offerings lying scattered Lohagad Fort, forcing the Marathas to flee. ago. There were just rocks placed one upon around indicating signs of recent worshipping Thus, in 1818, Lohagad-Visapur was taken another. All of us, being experienced in of these Hanuman sculptures. over by British under the command of Colonel trekking, took up the challenge and began Prother. Considering the strategic importance marching towards the fort on the broken Unlike the inner structure of the fort, majority of the wall was still intact. One could clearly see the Lohagad fort just near its north eastern side. There are towers strengthening the walls all around the fort’s boundary and the wall is also around two to three feet thick. These walls had windows in it so as to put their artillery all along the fortification wall for the defensive warfare. The view through the windows showed how strategically these were placed. Walking around the fort interiors led us to the conclusion that other than the two buildings, the sculptures and a small well, nothing else remained in the Fort. So we went around taking pictures and had Walls of the fort still intact our fill of the beautiful scenic view around the

CADET’S DIARY SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 22 Carving of Lord Hanuman Water catchment area Windows for the Artilleries fort. We came to appreciate the steepness of to trek down; a tip that we got from the locals but a binocular would’ve been handy here to the hill and just wondered about the kind of we met earlier. However, we found the advice locate these places which would be a treat to methods and techniques used centuries ago to be somewhat inaccurate as the steps were watch from the fort. to construct such a magnificent structure on very steep and in fact were not actually stairs such a height. but aftermath of the British bombardment! The entire trek took us around seven hours to Coming down slowly and steadily, we finally safely climb up and down and also discover From one end of the fort we could see the came to a proper road leading to a village near the interiors of the fort, along with some much Lohagad fort as the walls on that side were Malavli. needed rest. People who are not afraid to demolished. We could also guess the reasons climb up steep hills and who also want to take of demolition of walls from as this was the side The weather was very cool during the trek and a look of Lovavala’s scenic beauty during this of the Visapur fort, used to mount the attack on the cloudy skies enhanced the beautiful scenic time of the year must visit this fort not just for the Lohagad fort by the British. view. One could clearly see the Pawna dam the beauty of the fort but for the nature of trek towards the north of the fort and towards the and the natural beauty around the fort. When deciding to move down the hill, we used south end one could locate the ship in campus the north gate as it was comparatively easier of SIMS after straining the eyes somewhat, Promotions Onboard ESM-Managed Fleet During Second Quarter JO SWATHISH JO PARTH RAI JO VIMAL JOSE JO VIPIN SINGH PUNDIR JO RANJODH SINGH JO SUMIT DHARNIA JO MANDEEP SINGH JO SHIVAM RATHI ANCHARAKANDY DNS 11 DNS 11 DNS 11 DNS 11 DNS 13 DNS 13 DNS 11 DNS 12 JO VIKASH K. RAGHAV JO ABHINAV R. G. V. K. JO BONNY SUNIL JO SAURABH K. VARNWAL JO ASHIN SREENIVAS JO WASIM AKHTAR JO DISHANK UNIYAL JO RAJESH M. S. NEGI DNS 13 DNS 11 DNS 11 DNS 12 DNS 13 DNS 11 DNS 12 DNS 13 JO PRAKASH SINGH BISHT JE ROHTASH KUMAR JE ARUN JOSEPH JE MAHENDRA S. S. JE SATYA P. DEVU JE GURVINDER SINGH JE AJITH KUMAR T. JE VIRENDRA SINGH DNS 13 GME 14 GME 14 GME 16 GME 14 GME 14 GME 12 GME 14 JE HARPREET SINGH JE NITISH BHARDWAJ JE MUKESH C. JOSHI JE ANOOP P. S. JE SIDHARTH KUMAR JE AMEY S. KULKARNI JE INDRAKIRAN C. T. JE RAHUL B. KHUSPE GME 15 GME 14 GME 15 GME 15 GME 15 GME 14 GME 14 GME 14 JE NAVNIT BHARDWAJ JE HRIDAY PATHAK JE SANDEEP K. N. K. T. JE PUSHPDEEP SINGH JE SUSANTH K. VEETIL 3O AJAI ANTONY 3O SANATH O. 4E ZUBIN MEHTA GME 12 GME 12 GME 13 GME 14 GME 14 DNS 13 DNS 13 GME 15

23 SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 Situational Awareness – A Case Study * We invite responses from our learned readers as to the causes and lessons learnt through this case study. Please send your responses to [email protected]. Regardless of the task, completing it safely Incident: Following incident took place, when plastic covers, isolated the holed line and without an incident requires the utmost the author was sailing as a fourth engineer in informed the third engineer. Third engineer attention and focus. While being engaged a cargo ship. The third engineer was working was surprised over the incident. in the task, it is also important to keep an on the attached cooling water pump of an eye on the surroundings, especially in a auxiliary diesel engine. After some time, a Fortunately, there was no major failure of ship. Conditions in the surrounding area sea water pipeline nearby had given way electrical equipment. Bilge well had filled up, may change and make it precarious; if the and sea water was spraying on all adjacent which was transferred to bilge collect tank. The situation is not grasped and action taken to machineries including some electric motors. holed sea water pipe was renewed and system prevent any untoward incident. As a matter To the surprise and dismay of others, fourth re-started. of priority, one may have to temporarily engineer did not notice the sea water spray stop the current activity to attend to the and continued his task on the auxiliary engine Conclusion: It is important to be focused and changed status nearby to make the ship with full concentration. attentive to carry out any task successfully. and working environment safe. It is also But it is equally important to be aware of the called situational awareness. Without any Events leading to the incident: surrounding environment and changes that are hesitation team’s Situation Awareness is The vessel was in port with No1. diesel engine occurring from time to time to avoid mishaps. highly dependent on individual’s situational driven alternator running and taking full port To maintain high situational awareness as awareness and it is under the influence of load as per normal. Third engineer had been a team, each member should maintain high environmental, personal, organizational entrusted the job of changing the leaking seal situational awareness and this is not possible and informational factors. ring of the cooling water pump of No.2 Auxiliary unless each member questions himself about engine. The cooling water pump was driven his state of awareness. Some of the questions Many root cause analysis of marine incidents directly by the crankshaft and hence was are: what I don’t know that I need to know? point to ‘loss of situational awareness’ as a situated close to the bedplate on the engine What do others know that I need to know? What contributory or causal factor. In simplest terms, room floor. Third engineer had removed the do I know that others need to know? In other we could define situational awareness as floor plates to get access and went about his words, does the plan need to be adjusted? Do ‘being aware of what is going on around you’. task of dismantling the cooling water pump. the priorities need to be re-assessed? Are the If you do not know what is going on around conditions of the environment changing? you, both internal and external to your working After some time, the duty engineer was taking environment, then you will not be in a position rounds in the engine room and found a sea It is obvious that to keep the ship safe you must to assess correctly the potential risks and to water line had sprung a leak close to where know what is going on around you at all times. execute your work safely. third engineer was working. Fourth engineer But sometimes there are barriers to situational covered the nearby equipment with protective awareness. The US Coast Guard identifies six Case study response from previous issue “In-correct maintenance on purifier almost caused a fire”: Issue 33 (April 2016) Thank you readers for the feedbacks and responses on the previous case study. Here’s a compilation of the answers received: Q1. What is the purpose of providing relative movement between the mating Reasons are threefold in nature gear oil in the gear case? faces polishes out any pitting. a. Negligence in carrying out important 1. The gear train is generally a single 5. As wear worsens galling occurs destroying task in the order of preference stage worm and wheel arrangement the running surface. This damage is b. Lack of awareness of consequences with the wheel being made of a softer reflected in both elements therefore both of neglecting various steps while material. should be changed. overhauling and boxing back 2. Lubrication is normally splash only, the c. Lack of supervision and guidance viscosity of the oil is essential to prevent Q2. What could be the cause for the drain from senior official, prior putting the wear as the form of lubrication is mainly plug to unscrew when the purifier was in machinery into operation boundary. operation? 3. Therefore the wear is governed by the Drain plug not screwed in fully with a spanner Some of the reasons for vibration in viscosity and additives contained within and filled the oil. Later due to vibrations, plug purifiers, while operations are the oil. unscrewed on its own in its place and oil 1. Sludge too much inside the bowl 4. When wear occurs it will be scuffing and leaked outside. 2. Foundation damper & spring failure

CASE STUDY CADET’S DIARY SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 24 barriers to situational awareness: Do You Know Your Engines • perception based on faulty information processing • excessive motivation 1 2 3 • complacency 4 • overload 5 • fatigue 6 7 • poor communications. 8 Although any of these barriers may 9 10 contribute to an incident, common factors in many incidents occurring on ships are 11 overload, complacency, fatigue and poor communications. 12 17 From the details provided and 13 your knowledge about the ship operations, please provide answers 14 to the following regarding this case 18 study:- 15 1. How can one improve situational awareness in a working 19 16 environment? 2. Before undertaking a major Across overhaul on main propulsion 2. It separates the cyl. Block and the crank case. engine in anchorage, What 4. Transverse ____ support the journal bearings. precautions are taken by the 5. __ cam decides which unit is to be given starting air, according to firing order. ship’s staffs? 6. In 2 stroke engine the top end bearing is called as ______bearing. 3. When a length of fire-line has 9. Instrument used for measuring crank shaft deflection. to be renewed on deck, what 11. Piston side bearing is called as _________. are safety precautions taken on 12. Mixing of fresh water into oil is called as _________. board? 14. ____ seals avoid leakage of oil into air and exhaust gas side in t/c. 15. What material is the 2-stroke engine exhaust valve made up of? S.Viswanathan, Principal 16. It holds the bed plate, a frame & cyl. Bolck altogether. SIMS, Lonavala 18. It pushes exhaust and inlet valves to open them, (4 stroke engines). 19. It adjusts the fuel qty as per variations in speed (load). Down 3. Bearing failure 1. The viscosity of oil depends upon ______. 4. Worn gear 2. Partially opened damper results in the____of t/c- 5. Uneven wear of frictional clutch 3. The ring, mounted inside the liner at top, is called as- 6. Motor speed too high or too low 5. Out of diesel and petrol, which one has its flash point 60deg? 6. Mixing of sea wter into the oil is called as- The use of planned maintenance is 7. Mixing of one oil into another oil is called as- essential particularly with respect 8. ___ clearance compensates the thermal expansion of inlet & exaust valves in 4 stroke to bearing changes. It is strongly engines. recommended to monitor condition 10. What cycle do the petrol engines work using vibration analysis upon? 13. Over flow of ____ tank keeps going to Cdt. Utkarsh Rastogi Q3. What are major maintenance settling tank- GME 19 SIMS, Lonavala activities in a 8000 hour routine? 17. We apply this grease on tie rods and cyl. a. Renewal of both vertical and Head bolts, before tightening them. horizontal shaft bearings b. Inspection of gear teeth mating Answers surface DILUTION, 8. TAPPET, 10. OTTO CYCLE, 13. SERVICE, 17. MOLYKOTE Down: 1. TEMPERATURE, 2. SURGING, 3. FIRE RING, 5. DIESEL, 6. CONTAMINATION, 7. 19. GOVERNOR GUDGEON, 12. EMULSIFICATION, 14. LABYRINTH, 15. NIMONIC, 16. TIE ROD, 18. ROCKER ARM, Across: 2. STUFFING BOX, 4. GIRDERS, 5. DISTRIBUTOR, 6. CROSSHEAD, 9. DIAL GAUGE, 11.

25 SAMUNDRA SPIRIT JUL 2016 ISSUE 34 CAMPUS NEWS Tapti wins Cricket Final by 18 runs It was in fact a coincidence that ninth could not dissuade the horde season of the Indian Premier League of spectators from witnessing schedule clashed with the inter-house a keenly contested final cricket championship played out in match. Samundra Institute, Lonavala. But it wasn’t indeed any surprise that both Tapti batsmen did not the tournaments showcased the same disappoint as they amassed fiery love and passion for the sport and a handsome 98 runs in the indomitable spirit to win the coveted stipulated 10 overs for the championship. The final match between loss of six wickets. Ganga Tapti house and Ganga house on 15th April learnt the hard way that 2016 was a fitting testimony to the quest partnerships are important, for excellence, in each of their endeavours. even if it is the shortest format of the game. There were flashes of individual top and middle order not really doing justice The sun was out and the stage was set for brilliance in the Ganga innings, but nothing to their talent. Tapti, who dominated in all an entertaining day of cricket as Tapti house which would remotely qualify as a stable departments of the game, deservedly won the won the toss and predictably elected to bat partnership. Ganga managed 80 runs for the match and became title champions of 2016 by first. The scorching sun of the Midsummer Day loss of 8 wickets in their quota of overs, the a comfortable margin of 18 runs. Tapti House bags Gold in Volleyball Finals Tapti house defeated Kaveri in a tense and keenly contested final of the inter- house volleyball championship. The final match between the houses on 26th March 2016 proved that there is much more to volleyball than just random jumps, serves and smashes. A strong and collected Tennis Single and Double Finals: defense line is as important as, or at times Tapti Crowned Champions even more valuable than, having a vicious and celebrated attack force. A subtle drop shot in than his opponent which gave him a clear might most probably bring more rewards than advantage in terms of holding his serve. a fancied smash. Riding on a wave of unforced errors from Amit Singh, Satyam sealed the game, set Kaveri started as clear favourites as they had and championship in an emphatic manner, got the better of Tapti in the league stage; giving Tapti fans a lot of reasons to cheer. two games to one. This psychological edge was evident from the way Kaveri went about Tapti dominance in the singles final continued the business of decimating the enemy right After winning the Volleyball and Cricket in the doubles version as well with cadets from the word go. But in the process they championships in the months of March Satyam Tiwari and Rinku Kumar carrying made the crucial mistake of underestimating a and April respectively, Tapti house the momentum forward by triumphing worthy opponent who had already had a taste added a third crown to their collection in a keenly fought final of Kaveri’s winning strategy in the previous by winning the Lawn Tennis singles match over cadets Vyom league game. championship on 13th May 2016. Winning Jha and Ronnie becomes a habit and this fact was all the Clinton of Godavari Midway through the first game Tapti took over more evident from the manner in which house. Tapti broke the reins of the proceedings and bagged the Tapti house wrapped up the day by the Godavari serve first game by a very narrow margin of 25 to 23. triumphing in the Lawn Tennis doubles twice in the first set The second game was a clear demonstration tournament as well. and once again in the of skill and teamwork from the victorious Tapti second set to earn a team as they pocketed the game and the Cadet Satyam Tiwari of Tapti house well deserved straight match with a score of 25 to 20. The final score ruled the court in the singles finals as he set victory, giving its fan line of two games to nil in favour of Tapti does overcame stiff challenge from Cadet Amit all the more reasons to no justice to the way Kaveri fought tooth and Kumar Singh of Ganga house in straight celebrate. nail for each point. But to their credit they won sets. Cadet Satyam had more first serves many a heart, if not the match.

Visitors’ Comments Second Quarter, 2016 It was a pleasure to visit the campus of Samundra Institute Impressive good facility and modern. You will be connected of Maritime Studies. Well designed, well maintained and well with vessels all around the institute. I am sure it will succeed preserved. As expected, it is extremely modern in its approach in making good seafarers. and scientific in character. Loney Jasdeep You get a glimpse of the maritime world rubbing shoulders Head of Torm, India with the world of Art and Architecture in the campus. Keep it Torm Shipping India Pvt. Ltd up. Mr. Amitabh Kumar Excellent infrastructure, teaching facilities and very motivated Joint Director General of Shipping, staff. I am very sure that cadets who pass out from SIMS are Government of India thorough professional and proud mariners. Keep up the good work of training high quality seafarers. Visited the Ship-in-Campus of the institute. Found it very Capt. Rajinder Singh Rattu impressive. Gives ambience of a real ship. It seems to give a Head of Marine HR Operations fairly good idea of the ship’s engine room to the visitors Torm Shipping India Pvt. Ltd. Mr. S. S. Gadkar Dy. Chief Surveyor Mercantile Marine Department, Mumbai Very very impressive and clean campus, with environmentally very nice thinking. Things are really well prepared and Thanks a lot for a very nice and well organized day. It was maintained in a way that keeps the entire campus at a very really impressive to see your facilities, especially the full size high class. training vessel, your workshop and simulator facilities, state Stig Sonderby Christensen of the art facilities. We must keep in touch for the future. Section Manager Tommy Rand Molau MAN Diesel & Turbo Head of the PrimeServ Academies, Denmark MAN Diesel & Turbo Very Clean and nice environment. The whole area is calm and good for learning. Very Impressed. Thank you for a very impressive tour of the faculty. Like Dr. David Lincoln the vision behind growing the young cadets’ from the Member of the American Psychology Association and Member of very beginning of their career. In short, very impressive General Hypnotherapy, UK surroundings and staff. Jesper S Jensen Senior Vice President, Head of Technical Division, Denmark Torm A/S, Denmark