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NAME___w__ar_d_a_s_h_a_f_iq_u_e_________________________________PERIOD__2_a________DATE_____________________ Health Science 1: What Do You Remember from Med Term? Intro to Medical Terminology ● List the rules for combining word parts (when to use a combining “o”/where a hyphen is located on prefix & suffix): \"o\" is used to make words easier to prounounce ● Know the difference between each type of word part, what each stands for, and where they attach to a word. o Prefix beginning of the word o Root word foundation of the medical term o Suffix end of the word Define: hypo- below hyper- above anti- again -otomy to cut -ostomy surgical opening narc/o numb -algia pain -ectomy surgical removal -itis inflammation -plasty surgical repair -tomy, -otomy Caud/o tail -ic pertaining to -centesis puncture sub- under tachy- fast brady- slow -oma tumor -logy study of -pathy disease -logist specialist Abbreviations/Acronyms ● Why do we use abbreviations? we use abbreviations to make communication in hospitals and writing prescriptions more easy Define: CBC complete blood cell count c/o complaints of abd abdomen EKG electrocardiogram ht history ER emergency room NPO nothing by mouth NKA no known allergies hs half strength wt weight @ at y/o years old OR operating room SOB shortness of breath pt patient WNL within normal limits STAT immediately VS vital signs

Body Structure/Body Planes Planes (separate body into what?): ● transverse: top, botom ● coronal/frontal: front, back ● sagittal: left, right Directional terms: ● anterior head end of the body ● dorsal back view ● posterior rear end ● ventral front view ● superior top of the head ● inferior sole of the foot ● distal away from the point of origin ● lateral near the side of the body ● midline near the middle ● proximal near the point of origin ● lateral near the side of the body ● medial near the midline List the body cavities and structures/organs contained in each: cranial: spinal: abdominal: pelvic: thoracic: ear, orbital, nasal, thoracic, diaphragm, heart, lungs, esophagus, pelvic, abdominal stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, urinary bladdar, major blood vessels oral gall bladdar urethra, reproductive *What is universal position? organs What is another name for it? anatomical position Why do we use universal position? to identify parts of the body from different angles What are we describing when using it? parts of the body Integumentary System Define: derm/o skin cyan/o blue melan/o black carcin/o cancer -pathy disease -oma tumor -derma/-dermis skin lip/o fat -osis abnormal condition albin/o white prurit/o skin disorder -opsy medical examination -plasty surgical repair erythem/o redness integument/o skin blephar/o eyelid necr/o death xer/o dry cry/o tear pil/o hair onchy/o nail What organs/structures are included in the integumentary system? hair, skin, nails

What is the largest organ in the body? liver List the other name for each: sweat gland- sudoriferous oil gland- exocrine List the 3 layers of skin (and describe each): epidermis, dermis, hypodermis Describe each lesion (list the other name if it has one and an example of each): ● papule- raised, small pimple ● macule- flat, discolored area of the skin ● pediculosis (lice) small itchy insects in the scalp ● tinea- (ringworm) infection ● pustule- (pimple) ● verruca- (wart) hard, grainy growth ● wheals- (hives) a skin rash Musculoskeletal System Functions? supports movement and stability in the body List the structures of the skeletal system: stores red blood cells, and protects vital organs List the structures of the muscular system: supports the body in its movement Know the medical name for each: shin- tibia collar bone- clavical shoulder blade- scapula knee cap- patella fingers- phalanges wrist- metacarpal arch of foot- tarsal funny bone- humerus palm of hand- carpals Define: my/o muscle -ectomy surgical removal fibro/ fiber oste/o bone -spasm uncontrollable movement cost/o rib chondr/o cartilage acr/o extremities myel/o spinal chord crani/o skull -penia deficiency orth/o straight -algia pain sarc/o flesh carp/o wrist narc/o numb -scopy visual exam using a scope -scope instrument used to view

dys- difficult tax/o coordination neur/o nerve kines/o movement -gram record flex/o to bend -asthenia weakness fx fracture BP blood pressure muscul/o muscle -plegia paralysis LS lumbosacral MRI magnetic resonance imaging ORIF open reduction and internal fixation amb ambulate OTC over the counter PFT personal fitness trainer NSAID CFT certified fitness trainer Cardiovascular L left R right Define: PO by mouth prn as needed arteri/o artery coron/o circle DTR deep tendon reflex PT patient coagul/o clotting cardi/o heart RICE rest, ice, compress, elevation ROM range of motion phleb/o vein cyan/o blue brady- slow -itis inflammation -lytic pertaining to breakdown ech/o sound sphygm/o pulse tachy- fast ather/o fatty build up dia- through son/o sound List the organs/structures of this system: heart, blood vessels, blood, and blood cells What is the function(s) of the cardiovascular system? circulates oxygen-rich blood throughout the body Lymphatic/Blood Function of lymphatic system: defends body against infections and transports tissue into the bloodstream List the abbreviation (if it has one) common name, and function for each blood cell: leukocyte- wbc. located in the bone marrow erythrocyte- rbc. manufactured in the bone marrow thrombocyte- blood clots

Define leuk/o white hem/o, hemat/o blood cyt/o cell log/o study morph/o form erythr/o red -rrhage rupture thromb/o clot -penia deficiency phag/o swallow -cyte cell tox/o toxic mono- one poly- many a, an- without -emic pertaining to blood condition trans- against pro- forward -emia blood condition dx diagnosis macro- large HIV human immunodeficiency virus STAT immediately Respiratory System What is the medical name for each structure? windpipe-___t_ra_c_h_e_a_________________________________________ throat-___p_h_a_r_yn_x___________________________________________ voicebox-___l_a_ry_n_x__________________________________________ What structure transports air, liquids, and food? The ________l_u_n_g_s _______________are 2 spongy organs in the thoracic cavity that help put oxygen in the blood. Define: trache/o trachea aspir/o removal nas/o nose carcin/o cancer -metry measure -phonia voice -osmia smell resuscit/o to revive thorac/o chest ox/o oxygen -capnia carbon dioxide pneum/o lung pulmon/o lung ABG arterial blood gases BP blood pressure CF cystic fibrosis CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary CXR chest x-ray PFT pulmonary function test disease Gastrointestinal/Digestive System Define: ● mastication to chew ● peristalsis the action of moving food down the pharynx ● defecation elimination of solid waste ● deglutination swallowing

Function(s) of this system? to digest and create waste in the body Describe the function of each organ/structure: ● stomach sac like organ composed of the body and antrum ● pancreas produces many enzymes and aids in the digestion process ● small intestine absorbs nutrients ● large intestine connects to the anus ● liver stores nutrients, filters waste, and filters chemicals Define: enter/o intestines colon/o, col/o large intestine gastr/o stomach hepat/o liver -ologist specialist odon/o tooth -emesis vommiting proct/o rectum -ology study of -rrhea discharge labi/o lip chol/e gall lapar/o abdomen wall -megaly enlargement cirrh/o orange -chezia defecation endo- within -orexia apetite -phagia swallow -pepsia digestion -ase enzyme ac before meals pc after meals abd abdomen IBS irritable bowl syndrom NG nasogastric GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease SOB shortness of breath po by mouth Nervous and Sensory Systems What is the function of the nervous system? to provide a motor response for the body What is the function of the sensory system? sight, sound, taste, smell, hearing List the 5 senses (describe their function and what structures are listed under each sense): ● sight ● sound ● taste ● touch ● smell Define: blephar/o eyelid CVA cerebrovascular accident opthalm/o eye OS left eye CNS central nervous system OU each eye PNS peripheral nervous system OD right eye AU each ear -plasty surgical repair AD right ear AS left ear

epi- upon hemi- half poli/o grey matter -scope instrument used to view -scopy to view schiz/o split para- near con- together ADHD attention deficiency hyper activity ANS cephal/o tail phas/o speech psych/o disease disorder CSF cerebrovascular fluid RN registered nurse contus/o bruise QID 4 times a day BID twice per day somat/o body audi/o hearing opthalm/o eye TID three times a day exo- outside eso- dacry/o tear gtt drops -esthesia feeling -lepsy seizure -cusis hearing -asthenia sensation -opia visual condition hypn/o sleep -plegia paralysis Endocrine System Function? secretes hormones Structures? hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid Define: DM diabetes mellitus CDE certified diabetes educator DI diabetes insipidus NIIDM non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus GH growth hormone FBS fasting blood sugars crin/o secrete Tx treatment myx/o mucus IDDM insulin dependent diabetes mellitus immun/o immune Aden/o gland tox/o, toxic/o poison Glyc/o, gluc/o sugar Gonad/o sex glands Natr/o sodium Urinary System What is the function of the urinary system? filters blood, creates urine List the structures of the urinary system (describe function of each): Define: -tripsy crushing -pexy surgical fixation CATH catheter cyst/o cell nephr/o kidney dys- painful NEG negative noct/o night -uria urination inter- within olig/o scanty -gram record

-graphy to records UTI urinary tract infection lith/o stone UA urinalysis KUB kidney urine and bladder sp gr specific gravity The Reproductive System (male & female) Define: salping/o tubes STI sexually transmitted infection ov/o egg oophor/o ovary hyster/o uterus C&S culture and sensitivity VD ventreal disease orch/o HPV BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy andr/o male transmissible spongiform PMS premenstrual syndrome gynec/o women TSE OB/GYN gynecologist PID pelvic inflammatory disease zo/o animals BR bed rest encephalopathy ED erectile dysfunction trans- through GU genitourinary -rrhapy sutures HSV herpes HCG human chorionic gonadotropin mamm/o breast -rrhagia N/V vomiting -gravida number of pregnancies py/o pus -cele cell -itis inflammation -centesis crypt hidden colp/o vagina -arche mast/o new -ic bladder syndrome cry/o cold primi-first time pregnant -partum after childbirth nulli- none gon/o genitals The male hormone is_______t_e_st_o_st_e_r_on_e_______________________________________________- The female hormone is______es_t_ro_g_e_n________________________________________________ The male sex cell is called____s_p_e_rm_________________________________ The female sex cell is called___g_a_m__et_e_s_____________________________ What is the function of the reproductive system? to create offsprings Another name for conception is_____________________________________________________ Period of time from conception to birth__p_r_e_n_at_a_l _b_ir_th_______________________________________ Structure where conception occurs___fa_l_lo_p_i_a_n_t_ub_e______________________________________