Tastebuds Breakfast Issue Food Magazine Cover

SQQM 2023 (A) LINEAR ALGEBRA - GROUP PROJECT Love Coffee with Linear \"Coffee is like mathematics, not everyone loves it but those who appreciate it will know its value.\"

COFFEE SHOP Table of Contents 2 Reason why people drink coffee 3 Words from a Barista 4-10 Situation 1 - The most profitable coffee 11-14 Situation 2 -Restocking of coffee packs 15-20 Situation 3 -Find the suitable supplier 21 Conclusion 22-25 Reflection 26 References

Coffee Lover WHY PEOPLE DRINK COFFEE Coffee has a number of health Having a cup of coffee can be a benefits relaxing routine Many of the minerals found in coffee beans For many individuals, coffee is the first end up in the final brewed beverage. beverage they drink in the morning, and it Coffee, which is high in antioxidants and provides them with enough energy to get vitamins including riboflavin, magnesium, through the day. Coffee's aroma and and potassium, can help to alleviate flavour can be soothing to some people. If depression, boost heart health, and lower you haven't had enough sleep, a cup of the risk of type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's your favourite brew can make you feel disease, Alzheimer's disease, liver disease, more calm and ready to work. If you live in and liver cancer. a chilly climate, a hot cup of coffee can be the best way to keep your spirits warm. If Caffeine in coffee can help people feel less you reside in a hot climate, you can have exhausted, enhance energy levels, burn fat your favourite coffee beverage iced. Many by jump-starting the body's metabolism, people may tailor their drink to match their and improve productivity and brain preferences because there are so many function, such as memory, mood, reaction different coffee tastes, roasts, and add-ins speeds, and general mental performance. available on the market. Despite the numerous health benefits of coffee, it is nevertheless necessary to Page 2 consume it in moderation to avoid adverse effects, as well as to limit the amount of less-nutritious components such as cream and sugar added to each cup of joe.

Words from a Barista.. As a barista of My Coffee, I am in charge of making wonderful drinks for my beloved customers. There are many different kinds of customers who come to My Coffee everyday such as students and office workers. They usually purchase their favourite coffee before getting their day started. For your information, coffee does not only have an attractive aroma, but at the same time, it also brings many benefits to our health. Since there are numerous types of coffee in our shop, I would like to show my recommendation of the seven popular coffees among our customers. They are Caffe Americano, Caffe Latte, Caffe Mocha, Cappuccino, Caramel Latte, Caramel Macchiato and Green Tea Latte. Page 3

SS TT AA RR TT YY OO UU RR DD AA YY WW II TT HH AA CC UU PP OO FF CC OO FF FF EE EE Malaysian coffee shop items, according to research, cover three key beverages. Coffee is more audible than tea and chocolate in terms of \"drinks.\" White coffee, which is only available in conventional coffee shops, is the most popular. Lattes in Western-style coffee are also more popular than those in American- style coffee, often known as expresso. Malaysians prefer items that are lighter in flavour and fortified with milk, whether they are traditional coffee or Western-style coffee. Cold brew, smoothies, matcha, and Frappuccino are all consumer favourites among speciality coffees, which are more popular in American-style and complicated coffee shops. COFFEE RM Caramel Macciato 14.00 Expresso 14.00 Rafc offee 14.00 Cappu ccino 12.00 Flat White 8.00 Latt e 17.00 16.00 Frappe These are the costs of Page 4 seven different types of coffee that may be obtained in any coffee shop.

IS IT PROFITABLE? Which type of coffee could bring the highest profit? As we are opperating a coffee shop, we must always keep track on the amount of coffee sold per day.Thus, we can make a more accurate prognosis for the following stock purchase. Furthermore, We must be constantly aware of the progress of the coffee shop. This is to ensure that the business that we are running is constantly $ profitable. $$ Page 5

Coffee Day Mon Tue Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun Caramel 0 1 3 2 2 3 10 Macciato Expresso 8 6 6 8 6 5 8 Rafcoffee 1 2 1 0 3 6 6 Cuppocino 6 3 4 5 8 12 10 Flat White 2 3 2 1 49 9 Latte 12 8 7 11 6 9 10 Frappe 2 2 10 135 Table 1 The volume of coffee sold in one week of each sort of coffee is shown here. Page 6

We would want know how much profit we can make from selling various sorts of coffee. We must first define the seven sorts of coffee as seven distinct variables denoted by x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, and x7. Caramel x1 Macciato x2 Expresso x3 Rafcoffee x4 Cuppocino x5 Flat White x6 Latte x7 Frappe What method can be apply? Page 7

We can utilise the matrix multiplication method to maximise our earnings from these seven types of coffee. Moreover the What is total earnings of these coffee will be added matrix multiplication together to get the overall profit in one week. ? Matrix multiplication, also defined as matrix product and matrix multiplication, provides a single matrix. It is an instance of a binary operation. SOLUTION P Q 0 1 3 2 2 3 10 14 8 66 8 6 5 8 14 1 21 0 3 6 6 14 6 3 4 5 8 12 10 12 2 32 1 4 9 9 8 12 8 7 11 6 9 10 17 2 21 0 1 3 5 16 7X7 7X1 Page 8

After inputting data into the matric form, we must first determine the daily earnings for each variety of coffee based on the amount of coffee sold, as shown in Table 1. PQ= 0 14 42 28 28 42 140 112 84 84 112 84 70 112 14 28 14 0 42 84 84 72 36 48 60 96 144 120 16 24 16 8 32 72 72 204 136 119 187 102 153 170 32 32 16 0 16 48 80 PQ is the matrices that display the earnings of each coffee kind from Monday through Sunday by multiplying matrix P and matrix Q. Page 9

Next, the earnings of each variety of coffee will be summed together from Monday through Sunday to establish the overall earnings of each type of coffee. COFFEE PROFIT (IN ONE WEEK) Caramel Macciato Expresso Rafcoffee RM 294 Cuppocino Flat White Latte RM 658 Frappe RM 266 RM 576 RM 240 RM 1071 RM 224 The table above indicates that Latte made the most profit in one week. Page 10

COFFEE SHOP HOW MANY PACK OF COFFEE SHOULD WE RESTOCK according to one week sales In this question, we need to find out a coffee shop need to restock how many pack 0f coffee to prevent the waste of resources. 7 DAYS SALES IS RECORDED x1- number of pack of caramel macchiato need to be restock x2- number of pack of caramel latte need to be restock x3- number of pack of cappuccino need to be restock x4- number of pack of caffe americano need to be restock x5- number of pack of caffe latte need to be restock x6- number of pack of green tea latte need to be restock x7- number of pack of caffe mocha need to be restock Page 11

The table shown that in Day 1, 3 cups of caramel macchiato, 4 cups of caramel latte, 1 cup of cappuccino, 2 cups of caffe americano, 5 cups of caffe latte, 7 cups of green tea latte and 8 cups of caffe mocha sold. To brew 30 cups of seven type of coffee, we need 7 packs of coffee. The table shown that in Day 2, 4 cups of caramel macchiato, 5 cups of caramel latte, 7 cups of cappuccino, 5 cups of caffe americano, none cup of caffe latte, 8 cups of green tea latte and 3 cups of caffe mocha sold. To brew 32 cups of seven type of coffee, we need 8 packs of coffee. The table shown that in Day 3, 1 cup of caramel macchiato, none cup of caramel latte, 5 cups of cappuccino, 6 cups of caffe americano, 8 cups of caffe latte, 1 cup of green tea latte and 5 cups of caffe mocha sold. To brew 26 cups of seven type of coffee, we need 3 packs of coffee. The table shown that in Day 4, 1 cup of caramel macchiato, 4 cups of caramel latte, 2 cups of cappuccino, 2 cups of caffe americano, 7 cups of caffe latte, 8 cups of green tea latte and 3 cups of caffe mocha sold. To brew 27 cups of seven type of coffee, we need 5 packs of coffee. . The table shown that in Day 5, 1 cup of caramel macchiato, 2 cups of caramel latte, none cups of cappuccino, 1 cup of caffe americano, none cup of caffe latte, 5 cups of green tea latte and 7 cups of caffe mocha sold. To brew 16 cups of seven type of coffee, we need 2 packs of coffee. . The table shown that in Day 6, 9 cups of caramel macchiato, 9 cups of caramel latte, 4 cups of cappuccino, 5 cups of caffe americano, 1 cup of caffe latte, 4 cups of green tea latte and 3 cups of caffe mocha sold. To brew 35 cups of seven type of coffee, we need 10 packs of coffee. The table shown that in Day 7, 5 cup of caramel macchiato, 5 cups of caramel latte, 1 cup of cappuccino, none cup of caffe americano, 1 cup of caffe latte, 5 cups of green tea latte and 4 cups of caffe mocha sold. To brew 21 cups of seven type of coffee, we need 5 packs of coffee \"According the data given, we need to find how many packs of coffee we need to restock for one week \" Page 12

By solving this problem, we used Excel to get the solution. \" We can clearly see that this is an unique solution, since it can be inverse\" Page 13

Excel operates the Gauss Jordan elimination to do the solution. Excel found that x1 which is number of pack of caramel macchiato need to be restock is -1.5515. This means that coffee shop no need to restock since there is still a left. For x2 which is number of pack of caramel latte need to be restock is 2.7178. For x3 which is number of pack of cappuccino need to be restock is 1.6727. For x4 which is number of pack of caffe americano need to be restock is -1.0165. This means that we no need to restock since there is still a left. For x5 which is number of pack of caffe latte need to be restock is 0.0539 For x6 which is number of pack of green tea latte need to be restock is -0.9626. This means that we no need to restock since there is still a left. For x7 which is number of pack of caffe mocha need to be restock is 0.5636. Page 14

Find Your Supplier! Page 15

The Things You Should Consider In Your Supplier As a beverage company, you understand that the most crucial factor is what's inside the cup. If you want your business to prosper, whether you're brewing coffee at a café or merely selling coffee beans to clients, you need to consistently serve a delicious cup of coffee. Your coffee bean source is the first step toward superb coffee. The proper provider will guarantee high-quality beans with every purchase and will deliver on schedule, allowing you to meet your clients' expectations. So that you can deliver a product you're proud of, your coffee supplier should be educated about the best roasting and packaging procedures. When your coffee provider gives you excellent service, you can pass it on to your customers. Quality Minimum Turn and speed Capacity Customer Price service Page 16

Choose Your Supplier Coffee importers and direct sourcing from plantations are the two main sources of supply. Which one you more prefer? Of course I will choose the coffee importer. wHYIn the coffee business, coffee importers are a popular instrument. They're intermediaries who find and distribute green (unroasted) coffee beans to roasters. Because importers are responsible for designing a profile for each coffee and ensuring quality, this technique provides you with greater control and consistency over your product. This is particularly useful because the quality of coffee beans varies greatly depending on the lot and season. Page 17

Coffex Coffee Bean Shipper Mister Coffee X1- RM 90 X1- RM 99 X1- RM 120 X2- RM 90 X2- RM 88 X2- RM 90 X3- RM 100 X3- RM 110 X3- RM 110 X4- RM 120 X4- RM 117 X4- RM 100 X5- RM 95 X5- RM 90 X5- RM 88 X6- RM 96 X6- RM 99 X6- RM 105 X7- RM 90 X7- RM 80 X7- RM 100 Supplier: Now we have to find the supplier to buy the coffee beans that we need Coffex Coffee for our coffee shop. We have found Bean Shipper three suppliers that meet our Mister Coffee requirements of us. The coffee bean we want to High quality order. Reasonable price Arabica based on origin. The price listed above was the 1. Brazil X1 pricing of one bag of coffee beans. 2. Vietnam X2 We have highlighted the coffee 3. Columbia X3 bean we want to buy from three 4. Indonesia X4 suppliers. 5. Ethiopia X5 6. Honduras X6 7. India X7 Page 18

Origin Brazil Vietnam Colum Indones Ethiopi Hondu India bia ia a ras 0 Supplier Coffex 50 0 40 0 0 45 Coffee Bean 0 35 0 0 0 0 34 Shipper Mister 0 0 0 50 50 0 0 Coffee How many bags need to order from the three suppliers? How much need to pay to the suppliers? Solution : We can use one of the solutions of the system linear equation, which is multiplication matrices to find the total cost that we need to pay. Page 19

Matrices Form 50 0 40 0 0 45 0 90 0 35 0 0 0 0 34 88 00 0 50 50 0 0 100 100 88 96 3X7 80 7X1 Total cost: RM 12820 We have to pay RM 5800 RM 28020 for Coffex Coffee RM 9400 buying the coffee Bean Shipper beans. Mister Coffee RM 28020 Page 20

Conclusion In this project, we are required to identify a real-word problem for solving a system of linear equations. After carry out few discussions between group members, we decide to form a scenario about the operation of a coffee shop named My Coffee. We have transformed 3 situations a coffee shop might be faced into system of linear equations and solve it. First, we are curious about which coffee had brought the most profits to My Coffee in only one week. To find out the exact amount, we decide to use multiplication matrix to maximise the earnings by total up the profits in one week. So, we will let P be the matrix of the amount of each coffee sold in one week and Q be the matrix shows the price of each coffee. By multiplying both of the matrix, we can know the earnings of each coffee from Monday to Sunday. Hence, we know that the most profitable coffee in our shop is Latte which had contributed RM 1071.00. Second, we are planning to restock those coffee packs in order to prepare enough products for our customers but at the same time prevent the wastage of excess coffee packs. Therefore, we apply the knowledge of Excel learned in lecture to estimate the number of coffee packs we need to restock. Hence, we find that we need to restock 3 packs of Caramel Latte, 2 packs of Cappuccino, 1 pack for Caffe Latte and Caffe Mocha while restocking of Caramel Macchiato, Caffe Americano as well as Green Tea Latte are not needed for the moment. Third, there is necessity for us to consider more when choosing suppliers to import coffee beans for our shop. Thus, we have collected the prices of those coffee beans from 3 suppliers which are Coffex Coffee, Bean Shipper and Mister Coffee. By using the multiplication matrices, we finally know we need to pay RM 12820.00 for Coffex Coffee, RM 5800.00 for Bean Shipper and RM 9400.00 for Mister Coffee in order to let them provide the coffee beans for us. This also guarantee us to get the high quality coffee beans at the reasonable price. In short, we succeeded in completing this project and solving the situations that will be faced by most of the coffee shops. We also fully apply the knowledge learned in Linear Algebra and this really helps us to done our work in a smoother way. Page 21

REFLECTION YAALHINEE A/P MAHANDREN 286692 First and foremost, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Haslinda Bt Ibrahim for her guidance during the duration of our group project. I am grateful for the opportunity to complete this group project based on the solving system of linear equations since I was able to utilize all types of methods to solve our scenarios. I am under pressure to complete the job because we are required to develop our own scenario. Furthermore, my group mates and I disagree on the scenario developed during the brainstorming stage. Nevertheless, in any case, we got to the conclusion that we created three possible scenarios, all of which are based on the operation of a coffee shop. While my role is to identify the coffee with the highest profit potential in one week, as well as the total profit potential in one week. To summarise, since we all worked together, the group project was done in a neat, artistic, and fine manner. Page 22

REFLECTION HUE ANN CHEE 285585 I want to thank Prof Dr Haslinda for guiding us and all my group members for cooperating. The brainstorming of the idea is the hardest part for me, although I knew there were a lot of things that can use linear equations to solve. This project makes me kind of stress from the beginning to the end. for example, i have spent a lot of time on create data logically. finally get it and solve the problem. Fortunately, we had successfully completed this project. Page 23

REFLECTION WONG XIANG YI 286267 Firstly, I really appreciate that have this chance to do this assignment with guidance of our lecturer, Prof. Dr. Haslinda Bt Ibrahim and also thanks to my group members. Without the cooperation of group members, this assignment cannot be successfully done. Based on the assignment given, we knew that we can apply mathematical methods of linear algebra in solving system of linear queation such as elementary row operation method and inverse method in order to operate a coffee shop. By applying the elementary row operation in the application that we made, we able to help the shop find the the amount of stock that need to be restock. Moreover, the attractiveness of magazine may made reader enjoy reading the contents. I had learned how to use the website Canva to make the magazine which i never try before. I'm enjoying in doing the magazine. By using Canva, our magazine looked attractive and the content made can be easily understand by the readers. In conclusion, the system of linear equation cannot be deducted from our life. Not only in operating a business, system linear equation also can be applied in healthy field. For example, calculate a perfect balance diet for people with different needs. Page 24

LAI YING QI 286482 Next, I would like to thank my group First of all, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. members for sharing those Haslinda Bt Ibrahim, because give me an information about this project and at opportunity to learn how to design the the same time guiding me to do magazine and how to present linear algebra better. Thanks again for their such as system of linear equation and matrix contributions in completing this in the form of magazine. Although this is not project together. easy in completing this project but this has motivated to find all the information about Lastly, using magazine to do the system of linear equation, the application of project was so interesting and I hope them in real-life and learn how to design a that I still can have the opportunity to magazine. I think the experience and skills I done the project in the form of gained in this project will lead me to be a magazine. This kind of project also better person and get work done better in makes me learn something new and I future life. believe this experience will help a lot in future. Besides, using magazine to do project is actually an innovative way compared to other general project. This form of project also makes me flash back to the words by Prof Haslinda, \"Be a creative and innovative person\". Through this project, I have known better about those mathematical theorem and it also improve my design skill. Page 25

References Wholesale Coffee Beans Buyer's Guide. https://howtostartanllc.com/coffee/wholesale-coffee-beans-buyers How many cups of coffee does a coffee shop sell per day? Start My Coffee Shop. (2020, September 11). Retrieved June 9, 2022, from https://startmycoffeeshop.com/how-many-cups-of-coffee-does-a-coffee-shop-sell-per-day/ Admin. (2021, May 19). Matrix multiplication: How to multiply matrices: Formula & examples. BYJUS. Retrieved June 9, 2022, from https://byjus.com/maths/matrix- multiplication/#:~:text=Matrix%20Multiplication%20Definition,X%20%3D%20AB Page 26