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F irst F r e e T r av el Guide in Uzb ek ista n UZ UZBEKISTAN



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INTRODUCTION 003 Architecture 104 105 Shopping History of Republic of Uzbekistan CONTENT PAGE Getting Started 007 SHAKHRISABZ 109 Eating Out 106 004 Map of Uzbekistan 107 Accommodation 006 Tourism Investment General Info 008 Brief History 009 Events Calendar 111 Historical Sites 010 The Culture 014 Education GENERAL INFORMATION 019 Economy 119 Tashkent Metro 021 Agriculture 120 Transportation HIGHLIGHTS 123 Internet Resources Intro 024 Minor Hajj Silk Road 026 Registan Square 023 029 TRAVEL TIPS Travel Tips 030 SAMARKAND Intro 031 Map of Samarkand 032 Historical Sites 034 Museum 039 Shopping 041 Eating Out 042 Accommodation 043 Entertainment 045 TASHKENT Intro 046 Map of Tashkent 048 Historical Sites 050 Museum 059 Nature 061 Recreation 062 Sport / Stadium 065 Live Music & Dance Show 066 Shopping 067 Eating Out 069 Accommodation 072 Entertainment 073 BUKHARA Intro 074 Historical Sites 075 Map of Bukhara 076 Eating Out 081 Roregin Embassies in Accommodation 083 Uzbekistan 124 FERGHANA VALLEY Representative Oces 127 of International Organization Intro 085 Representative Oces Historical Sites 086 of Foreign Airlines 128 KHIVA Intro 098 Map of Khiva 099 Historical Sites 100

History INTRODUCTION Uzbekistan by Genghis Khan in the 13th century A.D.. Vast migrations of nomadic Turks from the northern The history of Uzbekistan covers about 1.5 steppe areas increased drastically. However, millennia. Situated along the upper of Amu- in the late 14th century the tribal prince Amir Darya (The Oxus), Syr-Darya (The Jaxartes) and Temur known as Tamerlane united the nations their tributaries has always been the dierent of Central Asia to ght against the Mongols from the rest of central Asia. and in victory, founded a powerful land with its capital in Samarkand. For more than 2 centuries, the Temurids were ruling, turning this place into the centre of Central Asia. Introducing the ‘Uzbek’ term in the 15th and 16th centuries A.D during the period of Muhammad Shaybani Khan. Bukhara, Kok and Khiva Khanates were established as independent states but, it didn’t last long when the neighbouring Russia could not ignore the geopolitically important region, as it was a great economic opportunity for Russia. Tashkent is the administrative centre of By the 4th century B.C, after the campaigns Turkestan. In 1924, this territory was joined to of Alexander the Great, trade along the Silk the Soviet Union. Since then, for more than 70 Road made the area emerge as an important years, Uzbekistan was under the Soviet regime trading center; cultural contact intensied and before declaring independence of the country a variety of religions ourished. Many other on 31st August 1991, which was then ocially invaders were here after but, no one left as named the Republic of Uzbekistan. September much destruction as much as the Mongols led 1st was proclaimed as Independence Day. UZTG 3

KAZAJISTÁN Uzbekistán MAR ARAL Qyzylorda KAZAJISTÁN Komsomol'sk Zhaslyk Munok Syr Darya Altynkul' Chimbay Zhambyl Karakol Qunghirot Takhtakupyr Lago Issik-Kul Nukus Kulkuduk Bishkek Köneürgench Mynbulak Shymkent Uchquduq KIRGUISTÁN Beruni Chirchiq Urgench Turtkul' MAR CASPIO Khiva Zarafshon Tashkent Namangan Ozero Aydorkul Angren Andijon Almalyk Osh Nurata Kokand TURKMENISTÁN Dargan Ata Farish Guliston Bekabad Ferqana Amu Darya Gazli Gizhduvan Nawoiy Jizzakh Kattakurgan Bujará Kagan Samarkanda Kasan Shahrisabz Chärjew Mubarek Kitab TADJIKSTAN Qarshi 8 Dushanbe Guzar Denau Amu Dar'ya Mary Capital Canal Garagun Termez Carretera Estatal Carretera IRÁN Regional AFGANISTÁN 4 UZTG

KAZAJISTÁN Uzbekistán MAR ARAL Qyzylorda KAZAJISTÁN Komsomol'sk Zhaslyk Munok Syr Darya Altynkul' Chimbay Zhambyl Karakol Qunghirot Takhtakupyr Lago Issik-Kul Nukus Kulkuduk Bishkek Köneürgench Mynbulak Shymkent Uchquduq KIRGUISTÁN Beruni Chirchiq Urgench Turtkul' MAR CASPIO Khiva Zarafshon Tashkent Namangan Ozero Aydorkul Angren Andijon Almalyk Osh Nurata Kokand TURKMENISTÁN Dargan Ata Farish Guliston Bekabad Ferqana Amu Darya Kattakurgan Gazli Gizhduvan Nawoiy Jizzakh Bujará Kagan Samarkanda Kasan Shahrisabz Chärjew Mubarek Kitab TADJIKSTAN Qarshi 8 Dushanbe Guzar Denau Amu Dar'ya Mary Capital Canal Garagun Termez Carretera Estatal Carretera IRÁN Regional AFGANISTÁN UZTG 5

TOURISM INVESTMENT country engaging in souvenir products based on national crafts: porcelain and ceramic ware, national knives, ceramic toys, embroidery of headwear, gold embroidered works, carpet weaving, miniatures on wood/leather and etc. INTRODUCTION Tourism Investment in Uzbekistan transportation infrastructure. In other words, it Presently, an important objective for the tourism industry is the modernization of the is the need to provide automobile routes with international standards of tourism coupled with services to facilitate it as well as hotel infrastructures developed with more historical elements and cultural peculiarities to create unique complexes to the hotels. zbekistan, due to its high potential in U tourism and number of historical sites, occupies a worthy place in the world. There Its development fosters tourist movement are more than 7000 historical and cultural All these are integral in the tourism industry. in Uzbekistan as well as creating new job monuments in Uzbekistan. Their ancient opportunities for the locals as a stepping stone city possesses significant tourism potential, for international standards of servicing quality. advantageous geopolitical position, and rich The increment of tourists’ movement will cultural and natural heritage. Uzbekistan generate revenue for the country. has big opportunities on the quantity and variety of tourism resources when compared Today, Uzbekistan’s eort in refurbishing the with other countries: historical monuments, preserving national culture and modernization of infrastructure Its unique geographical and natural sights are aimed at further development in the central location in the Central Asian region tourism industry to attract more tourists to positioned itself comfortably linked in terms of Uzbekistan. We sincerely invite you to join in strategic transport- geographical area. Also, the following direction; there are 37 caves in the territory of the country as well as reserved national parks which covers 1.96% of Uzbekistan. There are also specially protected natural territories in Uzbekistan (state nature reserves, national parks, nature  Develop international standard monuments, dendrology and botanic gardens). hotels in Tashkent, Samark and, Such territories are the objects of the national Bukhara etc. wealth which enables new types of tourism  Construct new tourist attractions products such as attracting nature-lovers, such as shopping complexes in ecotourism and active mountain sports fans. Tashkent, Samark and etc.  Develop modern transportation routes connecting all major historic sites.  Renew / establish an international standard automobile eet.  Establish Joint Tourism Agencies.  International standards of management organization managing existing hotel’s management such as President Hotel in Tashkent and Samarkand. Pilgrimage tourism is connected with the monuments of Islam. Religious- historical sites such as Imam al-Bukhari Mausoleum (Samarkand region), The Shahi-Zinda Complex, 11th-19th centuries (Samarkand), Tourism is a developing industry much the Mausoleum of Saint Daniel, Bahauddin needed to ensure the foreign exchange inow, Naqshband Complex, 14th century (Bukhara), new job opportunities and the strengthening Hazrati Imam Complex (Tashkent) and of business partnerships between countries. Mausoleum Shoki-Mardon (Ferghana) are well In the new millennium, the tourism industry maintained through the centuries. will both enhance its further development There are more than 500 enterprises in the between countries. 6 UZTG

Getting Started INTRODUCTION WHEN TRAVEL TO TRAVEL TO Tourist Seasons: 7. Incomplete visa applications are not March - June, September - November accepted. A personal interview with an The high season is Spring (mid-March to end of applicant may be required. In case any May). Winter would fall on mid-Dec to the rst person is declined to obtain entry visa to week of February. Winter does not last long with Uzbekistan, the Consular Section of the unstable snow fall plus temperatures below Embassy reserves the right to provide no freezing. explanation. Visa Requirements For Tourists If you are traveling on holiday\\tourism : Most Before approaching the Consular Section with of the tour operators and travel agencies will your application, please make sure you have all apply for your visa on your behalf to the Ministry the documents required: of Foreign Aairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan 1. Copy of the letter of invitation from inviting (please contact your travel agent). partners in Uzbekistan (see below). 2. Two copies of the visa application Documents / Visa / Customs form duly completed and signed by the You can buy tickets without Visa or a Visa applicant, which can be obtained by visiting Support (invitation approved by the Ministries link on the left or at the Embassy of the of Foreign Aair or from a private individual, Republic of Uzbekistan in Malaysia. company or state organization) but may risk 3. Two photographs. Attach recent passport- being denied entry. You may apply for a Visa sized photographs with your application forms. from ‘The Republic of Uzbekistan’ at: 4. Passport must have at least one blank page to ax the visa and be valid for the entire Embassy of Uzbekistan in Kuala period of your stay in the country. Lumpur, Malaysia 5. Fees. To be paid on collection only. (Please Address :No. 7, Jalan 6, Ampang Utama, 68000 refer to the Fees section for more details). Ampang, Malaysia. 6. Applying by mail: Before sending your Phone :+603-4253 3406 / +603-4253 2406 documents please contact the consular Fax :+603-4253 5406 section to assure that visa issuance Email :[email protected] / conrmation of the Ministry of Foreign [email protected] Aairs is in place. Please provide self- Website: www.uzbekembassy.com.my addressed pre -paid envelope to return your passport. ** Visa application will take approximately 3 -5 working days. UZTG 7

General Information Geography The physical environment of Uzbekistan is diverse. Ranging from the at desert topography that comprises of almost 80 percent of the country’s territory to mountain peaks in the east, reaching about 4,500 meters INTRODUCTION Most common language spoken is Uzbek, but kilometres, measuring 925km from North to above sea level. Located in the heart of Central Language Asia, Uzbekistan occupies 448, 978 square South and 1400km from West to East. Along Russian is widely spoken as a native or second the borders on each of the former Soviet language particularly in large cities. In dierent Asian Republic which is Kazakhstan 2203km, regions of Uzbekistan, other languages are also widely spoken such as Tajik in Samarkand and Tajikistan 1161km, Kyrgyzstan 1099km and Bukhara. Individuals speaking in more Turkmenistan 1621km , and in the south – on than one language are common in large cities Afghanistan 137km. and in ethnically diverse areas. However, with Uzbekistan’s present policy of moving towards the West, the use of English has become Predominantly, 85% of Uzbeks are Muslims and increasingly common. Religions approximately 15% are worshippers of other religions (Orthodoxes, Catholics, Jews and Weather etc; there are about 16 confessions). Although Uzbekistan has a great number of sunny constitutionally allowing rights to freedom days. Tourist’s season in Uzbekistan falls on of religion, Uzbekistan maintains a ban on all spring months that are March, April and May, religious activities not approved by the state. the second half is in August, September and October. Winter months’ temperature ranges from -10°C to 30°C and are suitable for the lovers of mountains and winter sports such as skiing. The average annual temperature is approximately 13°C. Political System Under the 1992 Constitution, Uzbekistan is a secular and democratic republic country. Political system of the Republic is parliamentary democracy with a legislative organ Oliy Majlis Formal Name : The Republic of Uzbekistan (Supreme Council), executive body (government) Geographic Coordinates : 41 00 N, 64 00 E and legal proceeding system. The head of Independence Day : 1st September 1991 executive power is the President, directly Area: total 448,978 km² elected to a seven-year term. Executive power Population : 32.98 million rests with the President. The President appoints Capital : Tashkent a Cabinet of Ministers with the approval of the Time : GMT + 05:00 legislature. The Cabinet of Ministers carries out Currency : Uzbek Som the day-to-day of the country. The President Language : Ocial language - Uzbek; also appoints regional governors. Widely used : Russian Electric Power: standard two-pin plug socket Dialing code : +998 8 UZTG

Public Holidays in Uzbekistan March Public Holidays in Uzbekistan International Women’s Day January – 8 March New Year – 1 January Celebrated all over the world, in Uzbekistan the holiday is more Venue: Throughout Uzbekistan happening in the capital. Uzbeks celebrate the day by setting up large concerts, most notably at the Istiklol Day of Defenders of the Palace, where there is always an annual concert. Motherland – 14 January Venue : Throughout Uzbekistan INTRODUCTION The day when the Armed Forces of Address : Istiklol Palace, Navoi Park, Tashkent, Uzbekistan were established. Military Uzbekistan men in full dress are lined up on the main square of the country in order to accept congratulations and awards from the leader of the country. The representatives of the Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Internal Aairs, National Security Service and other institutions participate in this ceremony. Participants in the parade also lay wreaths at the Independence Monument. Venue : Throughout Uzbekistan Navrus – 21 March Central Asia’s New Year and a public holiday in Uzbekistan, where the whole region will welcome springtime with song, dance and plenty of food. In Uzbekistan, family celebrations and street parties take place and there are usually some folk festivals in the villages with music, sports and competitions. Venue :Throughout Uzbekistan Address :Tashkent, Uzbekistan May Memory and Honor Day – 9 May th On the 9 of May, Uzbekistan observes Memorial Day for its fallen soldiers. It is a day of great pride and sadness where nearly all residents of the country, as well as millions of people around the world, congratulate their veterans with military parades, festive concerts, feasts, charity events and awards. Venue : Throughout Uzbekistan Address : Tashkent, Uzbekistan UZTG 9

The Culture variation, fruits. Uzbekistanis pride themselves in their ability to prepare the most unique and scrumptious “Pilav” served on the large at plate Iyagan. Uzbek cuisine can’t be considered as such without the aky pastry “Somsa”, which contains minced meat and fat from sheep’s INTRODUCTION Cuisine “Chuchvara” (pel’meni) is known as the “Warak- tail, or the original ravioli-like “Manty”, which is stued with meat, potatoes or sweet pumpkin and steam cooked to perfection. or also Chuchvara” most also One of the well-developed factors in Uzbekistan widespread national dish. A small dumpling is their cuisine which is also one of the most mostly prepared using the same method. The ancient and rened in Central Asia. Their 4 traditional Uzbek community would prefer to seasons especially winter and summer greatly enjoy “Kebab Shashlik” with endless cups of inuence the composition of their daily basic menu. There are about 200 of them, varying from dierent regions in Uzbekistan. Uzbek’s well-known cuisine is “Pilav” which green tea at the “Chaikanna” (teahouse). consist of fried and boiled meat, onions, carrots and rice; with raisins, berries, chick peas or for The Music utes. “Sharq Taranalari” (Melodies of the The music of the Uzbeks takes a much greater East) is the most exciting and largest cultural inuence from Persian Classical Music and the event in the Central Asia region that is held Middle East, rather than from Turkic-Mongolic every two years in Samarkand. This festival Traditional Music. The centerpiece of Uzbek brings together hundreds of talented singers, music is the Shashmaqam, or Six Maqams, dancers and musicians from all over the world, which was named a “UNESCO Masterpiece of performing traditional and cultural pieces from the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity” in their respective nations. 2003. The Shashmaqam is a modal suite that brings together lyrical and instrumental songs, At heart, Uzbek music is closely tied with the poetry and dance. Traditional Uzbek music is traditional music of Tajikistan (both sharing primarily melodic, highly embellished, micro- the Shashmaqam), a division largely owing to tonal, and mono- or homophonic. Common Soviet policies of ethnic nationalism. During the instruments include lutes, spike ddles and Soviet period traditional music in central Asia was treated ambivalently: initially discouraged due to a preference for propagandistic music, and later encouraged to promote local national identity (rather than broader religious or regional identities). These recent policies, combined with independence, have led to a revival of interest in traditional Uzbek music. Art & Handicrafts Uzbek applied arts has a wealth of variety when it comes to style, materials and ornamentation (Uzbek Do’ppi- same origins as the Malay Topi, another name is Tubeteika). Blue ceramics, silk, cotton weaving (Uzbek Suzanne), carpet (Turkmen), stone and wood carving, metal engraving, leather stamping, calligraphy and miniature painting are some ancient art genres developed from the past. Each region has its own cultural and ethnic tradition; these unique features were established by local guilds that strengthened these characteristics through their art. It is possible to recognise one’s ethnic background from their embroidered skullcap Tubeteika or by the colour and embroider style of his gown Chapan. UZTG 10

The Culture The People Uzbeks are represented by various nationalities and ethnic groups such as the native nations of Central Asia such as the Tajiks, the Kazakhs, the Kirghizes, the Uygures and the Dungans. Minorities from Europe and the INTRODUCTION East like Russians, Tatars, Germans, Jews, Lithuanians, Poles, Ukrainians, Byelorussians, Greeks and Turks live in Uzbekistan. Traditional Clothing The national clothing for Uzbekistan is mostly brightly coloured and is to be worn during cultural traditions. However, wearing traditional clothing is a norm in the rural areas. Men’s Clothing The traditional men’s suit is a chapan, the quilted robe, tied with a shawl along with cap called tubeteika. Kuylak is the men’s straight cut shirt. Ishton is men’s wide trousers, narrowed at the bottom. The traditional footwear are high boots, made of leather. They are tied with embellished belts made of velvety and richly handmade embroidery with silver pendant buckles. Women’s Clothing The traditional women’s suit is a dwell of plain khan-atlas tunic-dress and wide trousers. It is made of atlas fabric richly embroiled with gleaming golden thread. Along with a colourful headdress with unique patterns embroidered are the cap, headscarf and turban. Inseparable accessories are gold and silver jewellery such as earrings, bracelets and necklaces. 11 UZTG

Education INTRODUCTION EDUCATION UZBEKISTAN IN Uzbekistan is the state of youth. Children, the country’s government policy. That is why teenagers and young people under the age of the Law of Education was adapted in June of 25 comprises of approximately 60% of the total l992, which became one of the rst laws in our population. Inherent in Uzbekistan’s ancient young sovereign state. heritage is love of children and care for their health, well being and education. The essence of educational reform in Uzbekistan is to preserve the present As early as in the 7th century, the Chinese intellectual potential of the educational scientists and explorer, Suan Tsan, wrote that system and to modify our goals and activities he saw 5-year old boys in Samarkand being in order to develop individuals who are thought how to read, write and count. Later, capable of building and living in a democratic these children were sent out in caravans to learn civil society and, a free market economy. business and trade. These reforms, however, do not only reect Nowadays in our country every third child studies nationalistic aspiration. Since securing at a secondary school or gets trade experience at independence, the Uzbekistan nation the high and secondary special schools and trade realized its great responsibility as citizens of institutions. Five million children study at school, the international community and as citizens and more than a million are preparing to be school of our planet. Therefore, one of our main children at kindergarten level. The education of goals is to educate a generation that is both children and youth is one of the main priorities of physically and mentally healthy. General information Education system of Uzbekistan consists of The education system of the Republic of the following: Uzbekistan is single and continuous.  State and private educational institutions Education in Uzbekistan is realized in the are implementing educational programs following ways: in accordance with the state’s educational  Pre-school education; standards;  Secondary education;  Research and teaching institutions  Specialized secondary and vocational performing research work required for the education; operation and development of the education  Higher education; system;  Graduate education;  Government Administrative bodies in the  Personnel training and retraining;  Non-school education eld of education, as well as their subordinate enterprises, institutions and organizations. 12 UZTG



Education INTRODUCTION Education Authorities The education system is generally supervised  establishing the order of students transfer by the Cabinet of Ministers. It also directly from one accredited educational institution controls some higher education institutions, to another; which includes the Tashkent Islamic University,  Other powers in accordance with the law. as well as aliates of internationally well- known foreign universities (Moscow State University, University of Westminster, etc.). The tasks of the Cabinet of Ministers in the eld of education include:  Implementation of a unied state policy in the eld of education;  Overseeing the state educational bodies;  Development and implementation of education development programs;  Establishing the rules for creation, reorganization and liquidation of educational institutions;  Determining the rules for accreditation of educational institutions, certication of teaching and research sta;  Issuing permits for educational activities to educational institutions of other states in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan; In Uzbekistan, the direct management of the  Determining the rules for recognizing and educational institutions are carried out by two matching the equivalence of international sectorial ministries - the Ministry of Public documents on education according to the Education (MPE) and the Ministry of Higher and law; Secondary Special Education (MHSSE).  Approval of state educational standards;  Approval of state specimens of educational MPE is responsible for a preschool, non-school documents and the procedure for their educational institutions and secondary schools. issuance; MPE manages 5 universities and 16 institutes of  setting the number of government grants teacher training. The Ministry has the provincial, and admission rules to educational district and municipal departments of public institutions; education, which shall perform the functions of  Appointment of rectors of public higher the methodological guidance to the respective education institutions; educational institutions on the ground. UZTG 14

Education INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Tashkent State Economical Tashkent State University University 12 Vuzgorodok 49 Uzbekistanskaya St., Tel: 46-0224 Tel: +998-71-239-2885 State University of Foreign Languages 9a Yusupov St., M. Chilanzar Distinct Tel: 275-5544 Tashkent State Conservatory 31 Pushkin St., Tel: +998-71-241-2991 University of World Economy and Diplomacy (UWED) 54 Buyuk Ipak Yuli St., Tel: 267-67-69 Institute of Automobile and Highway Constructions 20 Mavaraunnahr St., Tel: +998-71-233-0826 Architectural-Construction Institute 13 Navoi St., Tel: 241-1084 15 UZTG

Education Juridical Institute 12 Sayilgoh St., Tel: 233-6636 Management Development Institute of Singapore INTRODUCTION Tel: +(99871) 2717700 28, Bunyodkor Ave., Chilanzar district, Tashkent 100185, Uzbekistan Fax:+(99871) 2769094 Paediatric Institute 223 Abidova St., Tel: +998-71-260-3126 Textile Production Institute 5 Gorbunova St., Tel: +998-71-253-0606 Management Institute 54 Buyuk ipak yuli St., Tel: +998-71-267-6769 Pharmaceutical Institute 2 Akkurganskaya St., Tel: +998-71-256-3738 Financial Institute 7 Asamova St., Tel: +998-71-234-5334 Chemic-Technological Institute 1 Shevchenko St., Tel: +998-71-244-7917 Electrotechnical and Communication Institute 108 Amir Temur St., Tel: +998-71-235-0934 Tashkent State Medical Institute 103 Hamza St., Tel: +998-71-267-6305 Institute of Oriental Studies 25 Lakhuti St., Tel: +998-71-233-3424 Pedagogical Institute 103 Yusub Hos Hojib St., Tel: 225-1930 Institute of Railway and Transport 1 Adilhodjaeva St., Tel: 998-93375-0257 Institute of Art named after Uygur 77 Radjabi St., Tel: (8-371) 230-28-02 Institute of Cultural Science 127 M-v Yalangach St., Tel: +998-71-233-6847 UZTG 16

Education Spanish, Chinese and Russian Philology, Theory and Practice of Translation and International Journalism. 21 professors, 124 candidates of sciences, 240 senior teachers and 347 teachers work for the university. There are the Republican Language Centre, 3 hostels, 3 gymnastic halls, 2 sports stadiums, large library with reading halls, rest houses in Tashkent Sea and Khumsan. Over 20 languages including English, German, INTRODUCTION French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Arabian, Uzbekistan State University Turkish, Chinese and others are taught in the of World Languages university. The Uzbekistan State University of World Over 35 students of dierent nationalities study Languages was organized by the decree of the in the Uzbekistan State University of World President of the Republic of Uzbekistan ( 401, Languages. May 12, 1992) on the basis of Tashkent State Pedagogical Institution of Foreign Languages Address : 55, str. Babur, Tashkent and the Republican Pedagogical Institution Phone : (+998 71) 253-94-37, 253-94-45 of the Russian Language and Literature. E-mail : [email protected] 7073 students are taught in the university on Web : itsey3.ideal.uz the specialties like English, German, French, Westminster International University Westminster International University in Tashkent Master education (degree) both validated by the (WIUT) is an exclusively accredited partner of University of Westminster (London). the University of Westminster (London, UK) in Central Asia. The objective of establishing WIUT Address : 12, Istiqbol Str., 100047 Tashkent is to provide an international standard of Higher Phone : (+998 71) 238 74 74 ext. 2387400 Education in Uzbekistan to enable citizens E-mail : [email protected] of Uzbekistan and other countries to obtain Web : www.westminster.uz an internationally recognised Bachelor and 17 UZTG

Economic INTRODUCTION PETRONAS has so far participated in the following projects in Uzbekistan: 1. Production Sharing Agreement in respect of Urga, Kuanysh, Akchalak group Ustyurt district. 2. Exploration and production of hydrocarbons of the investment block Baysun Surkhandarya region (field “Gadzhak”) to the Product Share Agreement. 3. Agreement for the geological study of the investment unit Surkhan Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan. 4. NHC (Uzbekneftegaz), Malaysian company Petronas International Corporation LTD and a South African company (Sasol Synfuels International PTY Limited) signed a Joint Venture Agreement for the project to produce synthetic liquid fuels based on the purified methane Shurtan Gaz Chemical Complex in Uzbekistan. 18 UZTG

Agriculture INTRODUCTION UZTG 19

Agriculture AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN INTRODUCTION Advantages for Development of Agriculture sector in Uzbekistan • Uzbekistan is a self sufficient country in production of agricultural products and food security is fully provided • Favorable climatic conditions for all types of AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN agricultural production Agriculture in Uzbekistan employs 26% of the • More than 300 sunny days in a year country’s labour force and contributes 17.6% of its GDP (Q1, 2017 data). Crop agriculture • The temperature in the hottest days ranges requires irrigation and occurs mainly in river from +35’C up to +45’C valleys and oases. Cultivable land is 4.4 million • Possibility of getting 2 crops per year hectares, or about 10% of Uzbekistan’s total area, and it has to be shared between crops and • The Agricultural lands - 20,5 million h.a. cattle. Desert pastures cover 50% of the country, including 4.3 million h.a. of the irrigated land but they support only sheep. • There is a large potential of export of agricultural products Cotton is Uzbekistan’s main cash crop, accounting for 9% of its exports in 2014. With annual cotton production of about 1 million sown to cotton was reduced from 1.8 million ton of ber (4%-5% of world production) and hectares in 1990 to 1.2 million hectares in 2014, exports of 700,000-800,000 tons (10% of while the area under cereals increased from world exports), Uzbekistan is the 6th largest 1.0 million to 1.6 million hectares (in part at producer and the 2nd largest exporter of cotton the expense of areas allocated to feed crops). in the world. However, because of the risks Another cause behind moves to diversify may associated with a one-crop economy as well be environmental, because the large quantities as from considerations of food security for of irrigation and fertilization needed to produce the population, Uzbekistan has been moving cotton have contributed to the drying up of the to diversify its production into cereals, while Aral Sea and to the severe pollution of the soil in reducing cotton production. Thus, the area the surrounding areas. 20 UZTG

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Minor Hajj/Pilgrimage Journey The importance of the Hajj dates back to the Prophet Muhammad, who established it as one of the ve pillars of Islam and a duty of every Muslim to perform it once in their lifetime. The pilgrimage is to the holiest city in Islam, Mecca. Mecca is the site of the Kaaba, where it is believed that Abraham built the rst shrine to HIGHTLIGHTS the Kaaba is treated as the holiest spot in the God. As the site of the rst monotheistic shrine, world. Once the pilgrimages arrived in Mecca, they are expected to visit a number of sites and participate in a number of activities, including: Walking seven times around the Kaaba in a counter clockwise direction; touching the black stone at the site, which is believed to have been dropped there from heaven; visiting Mount Arafat, where Muhammad gave his last sermon; throwing stones at a pile of rocks representing the devil in the village Mina; sacricing a sheep or goat at Mina in commemoration of the sacrice Abraham oered to God (many pilgrims now pay someone else to sacrice the animal for them); and drinking water from the well of Zamzam in the Great Mosque, where it is believed that God provided water for Hajar and Hajj literally means “to set out for a place” and her son. for Muslims, takes place in the month of Dhul Hijjah which is the 12 month of the Islamic th lunar calendar. Typically, it is a journey to a shrine or other location of importance to a person’s beliefs and faith though sometimes it can be a metaphorical journey into someone’s own beliefs. Many religions attach spiritual importance to particular places: the place of birth or death of founders or saints, or to the place of their “calling” or spiritual awakening, or of their connection (visual or verbal) with the divine or to locations where miracles were performed or witnessed, or locations where a deity is said to live or be “housed”, or any site that is seen to have special spiritual powers. Such sites may be commemorated with shrines or temples that devotees are encouraged to visit for their own spiritual benet: to be healed or have questions answered or to achieve some other spiritual benet. A person who makes such a journey is called a pilgrim. Many Muslims participating in the Hajj choose to forgo some of the rituals and practices, choosing instead a shortened version of the pilgrimage. The shortened version is known as Hajj elfrad, and does not involve the circling of the Kaaba seven times or touching the black stone, but does involve visiting the Kaaba and oering prayers. It is not required to sacrice an animal if performing this form of the Hajj. In Uzbekistan, there are many historical monuments relating to the origin, pervasion and spread of Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Judaism, th Christianity and Islam, in the 8 century making Uzbekistan as a sacred country practicing minor pilgrimage. 22 UZTG

Minor Hajj/Pilgrimage Journey HIGHTLIGHTS HIGHTLIGHTS HIGHTLIGHTS S amarkand which was founded more than was once the tallest minaret in Central Asia and 2750 years ago is home to fascinating the Lyabi Hauz Architectural Complex which historical monuments. The focus of its beauty is the Registan better known houses a few madrassahs are where pilgrims nd peace and quiet is what one needs to get as “Sandy Place.” It is the most magnicent closer to God. landmark in Samarkand. It consists of three madrassahs. Besides that, the Bibi Khanum A Minor Haji to sacred land in Uzbekistan begins Mosque and Gur Emir Mausoleum features from Tashkent-Samarkand-Bukhara and will beautiful architecture such as their interior and take at least 4 to 5 days. exterior inscription décor. The Shah-i-Zinda Ensemble is the most important pilgrimage site for both locals and tourists. The same goes to the Iman al-Bukhari Mausoleum which can accommodate more than 1500 worshippers at one time and a visit to this shrine is considered by the Muslims to be equal to a minor Haji. As Samarkand was the centre of commerce, Bukhara on the other hand became the empires’ religious heart. Its cultural and architectural legacy was recognised by UNESCO and the city is inscribed in the World Heritage Listing. The centre of history in Bukhara best seen on foot is ‘The Ark” once a fortied residence of a Bukhara ruler known as “The Shadow of Allah”. The Ismail Samani Mausoleum, a 1000 year old edice is a real masterpiece by its founder, Ismail Samani, and it has been preserved since the Mongol invasion by Genghis Khan. The Modari-Khan Madrassah and the Abdullah-Khan Madrassah are important religious schools back in the 16th century. The Kalyan Minaret (Short Minaret) Al Bukhari Mausoleum UZTG 23

Silk Road The start of the Silk Road is dated 2nd century BC when Chinese ambassador Zhang Qian visited the countries of Central Asia on a diplomatic mission. Until the 2nd century BC the way from Europe to Asia stopped at the borders of China because of the great ranges of Asia, the Tien Shan, the Kun-Lun, the Karakorum, the Hindu HIGHTLIGHTS HIGHTLIGHTS HIGHTLIGHTS Chinese civilization from the rest of the world. Kush, and the Himalayas, protected the ancient It was by accident that the richest western direction was opened. One of the nomadic tribes who were allies with China were driven out by another tribe who were openly hostile to China. Silk Road J ourney The former ally left to the West and Zhang Qian found the former allies in the oases of Central Asia. Zhang Qian was amazed by what he saw and when he came back to China, he told the emperor about the countries lying to the West from China, about how rich they were. Soon the embassies were sent to Central Asia and among the gifts they brought were Chinese silk. That was how ancient civilizations of Central Asia and China and later, of Mediterranean and India met. One went from the West, from the countries of the Mediterranean to Central Asia, explored and travelled by Greeks during Alexander the Great campaigns and the other, leading from the East, from Hang empire to Central Asia, explored by Zhang Qian who travelled that land from the north to the south the mountains of Central Asia. There was even via Davan, Kangyui, Soghd, and Bactria. the so-called “Lazurite Way” which was used for taking that stone from Central Asia to Iran, However, before that, there had been several Mesopotamia and even to Egypt. At the same roads which were used for trade between time “Nephrite Way” connected Khotan and the East and the West. Those were separate Yarkand with Northern China. Besides that, sectors of the future way Silk Road. The rise carnelian was taken out to the countries of of commercial relations was promoted by Westerns Asia from Sogdiana and Bactria, and extraction of semiprecious stones such as turquoise - from Khoresm. All those routes, lazurites, nephrites, carnelians, turquoises in eventually, joined the Silk Road. 24 UZTG

Silk Road HIGHTLIGHTS G olden Age of the reat Silk Road In the 1st – 3rd centuries AD the Silk Road However, the political situation changed. Only connected the four most powerful ancient Byzantium left from the Roman Empire, the empires – European Roman Empire, the Parthian Parthian Empire was replaced by the state Empire in the Near and Middle East, the Kushan of Sassanids, the Kushan and Hang empires Empire in the south of Central Asia, Afghanistan broke up into a number of states conicting and Chinese Hang Empire in the Far East. with each other. The break in the functioning Although they struggled for the domination over of the Silk Road lasted until the 6 century th the key points of trade, it was possible for all of when new strong regional powers started to them to provide stable caravan routes. appear in Euroasia. International trade intensied. China received from Central Asia woollen fabrics, carpets, jewellery, lazurites and thoroughbred horses, and exported silk fabrics, iron, nickel, furs, teas, paper, and gunpowder. India exported spices and fragrances. Via Iran, Rome imported Chinese silk which was worth its weight in gold there. Via Khoresm caravans that went to Eastern Europe. The main road passed through Dunhuan, Khami, Turfan, Kashgar, Uzgen, Osh, Khiva, Andizhan, Kokand, Samarkand, Bukhara and Merv. In Merv (now Mary in Turkmenistan) the Silk Road split. One branch went via Khoresm to Volga, to Eastern Europe. That made it possible to deliver goods from China, India, Central Asia to Russia: Kiev, Novgorod, and later –Moscow. Another branch went via Balkh and the lands of modern Afghanistan to India. The third went to Bagdad and further to the Mediterranean Sea. There the goods were loaded on ships and delivered to Egypt, Byzantium, and Italy. UZTG 25

Silk Road Decline of the HIGHTLIGHTS In 1200 onwards, the Mongols under the rule of Genghis Silk Road Khan took over a vast majority of the area hence establishing “Pax Mongolica” or “Mongol Peace”. During this era, paper money were introduced and the famous Marco Polo travelled the area, recording his memoirs. The era lasted a good two centuries before the Turkish Ottoman Empire gained power. Tamerlane also began conquering certain parts of Asia such as Persia, parts of southern Russia and northern India. Unfortunately, in the 1400s, the Silk Road in its heyday also carried a bubonic plague known as The Black Plague which in turn triggered the decline of the route. Amidst the downfall, rose the Chinese Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty however, caused further decline by reducing the trac and trade of silk due to fear of the power of Uighurs. In 1600, Uzbek Turks began settling in what is known today as Uzbekistan. After a devasting earthquake in the 1700s, the Silk Road continued its growth with new explorations such as the Muztagh Pass and other buried cities. The modern day Silk Road still retain its charms and history of which most of it can be found in the architecture and monuments in Uzbekistan. Also, it should be noted that all of the monuments are recognised and protected by UNESCO as a World Genghis Khan Statue Heritage Site. 26 UZTG

Silk Road The Registan Square, paved with red bricks and cobbles, and the architectural ensemble of its three edices, masterpieces of medieval Islamic architecture, have been UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 2001. The central building of the ensemble is Tilla-Qori Madrasah, Ulugbek Madrasah and Sher-Dor Madrasah stand to the left and right of it respectively. The madrasahs date from dierent times. Ulugbek Madrasah, the earliest of them, HIGHTLIGHTS was built in 1417 - 1420 by order of Ulugbek, Tamerlane’s grandson. Two centuries later, Located in the center of Samarkand, the by order of Samarkand governor Yalangtush Registan Square with its medieval edices is Bahadur, Sher-Dor Madrasah and Tilla-Qori certainly one of the most impressive squares in Madrasah were built. Each of the madrasahs the world. features unique decorations: fascinating tile Legend has it that the square was a place of mosaics, delicate stone carvings and splendid public executions from the 15th to the early 20th gilt ceilings. centuries, and they strew it with sand to absorb Today various festivals, holidays and shows are the blood shed there. Therefore, the square was held in the square. There are a number of shops named Registan: reg (‘sand’) and stan (‘place’) - oering local handicrafts housed in them. ‘a sand place’. It was also a place where people, summoned with trumpets, gathered to listen to government decrees being announced. . Initially, at the beginning of the 15th century, the square did not have the grand madrasahs standing on its three sides today. (A madrasah is an Islamic college; also spelled madrasa, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, madarsa, medrese.) They were built later, in the 15th and the 17th centuries. REGISTAN SQUARE UZTG 27

Tips Internet Throughout Central Asia, internet cafes can be found without much diculty. Clothing A moderate dress code is essential. TRAVEL TIPS Foreign exchanges are available in most towns. Money Bring a combination of Cash (USD/Euros), Credit Card and Travellers Cheque to cover any eventuality. ATMs (Bankomats) ATMs are largely available and would accept foreign ATM cards but some charge a service fee of around 2% (varies for dierent bank). Credit Card You cannot truly rely on credit card for your travel nances as most of the places in Uzbekistan do not accept credit card except for hotels and high-end restaurants. Travellers Cheque All cheques are required to be declared on your Health customs declaration form or you would not be Ask your doctor for an International Certicate of able to cash them in any of the capital banks. Vaccination or better known as Yellow Booklet. Uzbekistan requires HIV testing 2 months prior Cash to entering the country. Certain foreign test are US Dollars and Euros are the easiest to exchange. accepted but be sure to check with embassy before travelling. Travel Insurance World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends When buying travel insurance, you are the following vaccinations for travelers to buying some peace of mind – both for you Central Asia: while you travel and also for your family  Adult Diphtheria & Tetanus and friends back home. However, be aware  Hepatitis A & B of the following;  Measles, Mumps and Rubella Dangerous activities  Polio  Many insurers consider motorcycling,  Typhoid diving, parachuting, hot-air ballooning  Varicella and many other largely safe activities as hugely dangerous pursuits. Country Photography exclusions Video cameras are required to be declared at  Check if the insurance covers Uzbekistan. your customs declaration form. Always ask Working exclusions politely to photograph people in Uzbekistan  Will you be working during your trip? as Central Asians are more conservative as  Maximum amount per item compared to any other countries, so they may  Maximum payout per item if goods are be sensitive towards photography. stolen Excessive excess  Excess is the amount you have to pay to lodge a travel insurance claim (eg. excess of $100 and you have a camera worth $120 stolen, you must pay the rst $100) 28 UZTG

Intro S amarkand SAMARKAND Samarkand is a city that embodies the history of authoritative in the entire Islamic world, took several millennia, the traditions of the national place at this period. statehood, being a center where the ancient and modern culture of the nations of Uzbekistan In the period of these two dynasties such cross. Its outstanding monuments have been famous theologians as mutakallim Abu-al- attracting the attention of the whole world for Mansur al-Maturidi (870-944), Abu-al-Hasan a long time. Arab and Iranian travelers of X-XII Ali Ibn Muhammad an-Nasa al-Pazdavi (died centuries called the city \"Earthly Paradise\". The in 1089), Najm ad-din Abu Hafs Umar Ibn Spanish ambassador, Rui Gonzalez de Clavijo, Muhammad an-Nasa al-Maturidi (died in 1142), who visited Samarkand in 1405, wrote about an eminent astronomer, poet and theologian Abu the monuments of the city as follows: \"The al-Mahameed, Mahmoud Ibn Umar al-Ansari decoration of the buildings [of Samarkand] glows al-Samarkandi (died in 1181), the most famous with gold, azure and other dierent colors. Beauty and authoritative in the Islamic world lawyer of is exciting and worthy of wonder, even in Paris, khanapia school Burhan al-din al-Marginani (died where there are skilled craftsmen this work in 1197), Abu-al-Fattah Muhammad Ibn Mahmud would be considered beautiful [by them].\" al-Ustrushana (1180-1240), and many others lived and worked in the city. Written sources of Approximately 2700 years ago, Samarkand that time have preserved the names of more (previously named as Marakanda) was founded than 3 thousand outstanding theologians of the on the banks of the Zakhak river. Located on Sunni mazhabs, including the shaites. Most the caravan routes of the Great Silk Road, the of these theologians are buried in the cemetery city intensively developed and soon became the named after Imam al-Maturidi (previously center of the ancient state of Sogd. Later on, named as Chakar-diza). The mausoleum and Samarkand more than once became the capital the cemetery were destroyed during the years of of a number of other states. severe atheism and restored only in 1996-1997 by order of the rst President of the Republic of The Islamic history of Samarkand origins with Uzbekistan Islam Karimov. the conquest of the city in 713 by the Arab commander Kutayba ibn Muslim al-Bakhili (704- In 1221 Samarkand was conquered and 715). In two years the rst Cathedral Mosque destroyed by the troops of Genghis Khan. Under (Jami ') was built near the palace (north-eastern the dynasty of Chagatai (1267-1370) the city part of the ancient settlement Afrasiab). The began to revive in the territory adjacent to the people of Samarkand did not convert to Islam Afrasiab. However, the true growth of the city immediately and only theologians who \"patiently took place in the time of Amir Timur (1370-1405) explained\" the advantages of the new religion and Timurids dynasty (1370-1506). In 1371 were able to begin the process of involving Amir Temur declared Samarkand as the capital Samarkand and the entire region in Islamic of his state, surrounded the city with defensive culture and civilization. walls and arranged six gates. All six gates led to Registan, the city's main square. That was the During the Samanid dynasty (IX-X centuries), period of Islamic culture revival in the state of the city began to develop into one of the most Amir Temur. Modern scholars call this era as the prominent centers of theology in the Islamic \"Second Renaissance of Islamic culture\". world, the peculiarity of which was the invariable combination of methods of dierent Sunni law During the rule of Amir Temur the city was schools (mazhabs) and outstanding religious seriously converted and refurbished. The tolerance. During the next dynasty of Karakhanids reconstruction of the city was witnessed by the (999-1167) Samarkand became the capital of the Spanish Ambassador de Clavijo. He wrote: «… country. The ourishing of the above mentioned Senior [Amir Temur] ordered a new [building], Sunni theological schools (primarily Hanayyah), as he was constantly concerned about the whose importance was recognized as the most glorication of this city. In this city Samarkant UZTG 29

Samarkand Daniyar Airport Mausoleum Rudaki 6 km. Samarkand Dakhbed N AFROSIAB Historical Afrosiab SAMARKAND Bayaut Chorrakhar Bulungur Rudaki i Khazret Khizr Tashkent Museum a d j i m t d i n Mosque K u b r o Shah-i-zinda Ogakhi Makhmud Kashgari Kurchadov Birlik Khodja Zudmurod Chorrakhar Shakbi-Zinda Yalangfush Mosque Davlabad Stadium Church Sharafm Rashidov Khusain Baykaro Temirchilar d e b h Imon Al-Bukhori K Bibi Khanum Dynamo Mosque o s h Mirzo Ulugbek K h u z Mosque [Samarkand] lots of dierent products are sold Train Station Pushkin Mustakillik Spartak Studio k a D Kosk Khauz a Bibi Khanum Tashkent every year... from China, India, Tartaglia [Volga Chelek Church Pastargom region] and also from the [Samarkand] ground Mirzo Ulugbek Handicraft Khudzhum itself, which is rich enough. And as [the city] Sinagogue Cubierto Independence REGISTAN Chorsu Market Shark did not have a special area where it would be Market Post office Square Madrasa comfortable to trade, Señor [Amir Temur] ordered Temur Malik Pochtoyaya Dakhbed Tillya Kari Madrasa Bukhara Sher-Dor to lay out streets through the city, where on both Lutfi Regional Museum sides were stalls and tents to sell goods. This Amir Temur Ak Saray Plaza Kok Madrasa Sadriddin Art and Culture Museum Ulugbek street began at one end of the city and stretched Telefon Tor Bosmakhon Saray Ayni Registan Gijduvan to the other end crossing the whole city...». We International Museum Art Museum Vabkent Yakhi Afzali Kamol Otaturk are talking about the modern Tashkent street, of Peace and Solidarity Gallery Registan Khayam Umarov R. Temurov Vabkent starting from the mosque Bibi-Khanum and Amir Temur Studio Museum Muynak Omar stretching down to shopping dome of Chor-su. Meros Rukhabad Rukhabad Djami Mirzo Ulugbek (1409-1449), the grandson of Lutfi Church Theater Puppet Mausoleum Guri Amir Labigar Mekhnat Kammekh Kasan Amir Temur, continued improvement of the Firdousi Theater Shahrukh Mirzo Mausoleum Suzangaran Adjzi Saidakhmad Pendzhijent city. The most remarkable of its buildings is Firdousi Sharaf Rashidov Mustakillik an astronomical Observatory, where the world Makhmud Kashgan Ak Sarai Ustabaev famous astronomical tables (Ziji Kuragoni) were Church Mausoleum made, the data of which were used not only Firdousi Isaev Kamol Otaturk Church Galaba Kahramon in Islamic world but also in Europe, China, and Bulok Japan until the beginning of XIX century. Another Yusuf Khas Khadgiba Universitet Bulvari Umarov Zoology signicant ensemble, which was built by Mirzo Bobur Mirzo Museum Suzangaran Djami Ulugbek consists of madrasah (1417-1420), Bulok Prof. Abdulla Khamroev Isaev Orzi Makhmudov Bakhtiyor Khamidov hanaka (1427) and a mosque with a steam bath Abutyunov Alisher Navoi Ishrat (1428) located in Registan, the main square of Museum Khana Khodja city. This is the most signicant of the historical Yakhye Gulmov Kabul Ashurov Akad. Akbar Atakhodjaev Nurabad Mukimi Abdi Darun places of Samarkand. The religious and secular Chekhov Sinagogue Complex sciences were taught in the madrassa. Among Sadridin Aynio the teachers were Mirzo Ulugbek, outstanding astronomers and mathematics Qazi-zade Rumi (died in 1448), Ali qushchi (died in 1477). and magnificent buildings for the recreation of A masterpiece of architecture and decorative urban residents and guests. arts of the Islamic world is considered to be a memorial complex Shahi-Zinda necropolis, Later on Samarkand lost its signicance as where the noble ladies of the house of Timurids the capital and experienced a period of decline are buried. Local masters (from Samarkand, and recovery. After the conquest of the city Nasaf, Khorezm) as well as masters from Iran by the Iranian ruler Nadir Shah (in 1742), the and Sham participated in its construction. In city suered heavy bereavement and it was the era of Amir Temur and Temurids dynasty almost deserted. All schools and even mosques the city was decorated with other outstanding were abandoned. A contemporary of these and monumental memorials like the events wrote: «The owls settled in the cells mausoleum and the mosque of Bibi-Khanum, (hujra) instead of the students, and the doors dozens of gardens and parks with fountains were covered by spider’s web instead of silk 30 UZTG

Samarkand Daniyar Airport Mausoleum Rudaki 6 km. Samarkand Dakhbed N AFROSIAB Afrosiab Historical a d j i i Rudaki m Museum t Bulungur i Khazret Khizr d Mosque Tashkent n K u b Bayaut r SAMARKAND o Shah-i-zinda Chorrakhar Ogakhi Makhmud Kashgari Kurchadov Birlik Khodja Zudmurod Chorrakhar Shakbi-Zinda Mosque Yalangfush Davlabad Stadium Church Sharafm Rashidov Khusain Baykaro Temirchilar d e b h k Imon Al-Bukhori K Bibi Khanum Dynamo Mosque o s h Mirzo Ulugbek K h u z Mosque Train Station Pushkin Mustakillik Chelek Spartak Studio a D Kosk Khauz a Bibi Khanum Tashkent Church Pastargom Mirzo Ulugbek REGISTAN Handicraft Khudzhum Sinagogue Cubierto Post office Independence Chorsu Market Shark Market Madrasa Madrasa Temur Malik Pochtoyaya Square Dakhbed Tillya Kari Sher-Dor Bukhara Regional Museum Madrasa Art and Culture Amir Temur Ak Saray Plaza Kok Ulugbek Sadriddin Museum Lutfi Saray Ayni Bosmakhon Museum Registan Vabkent Gijduvan Yakhi Afzali Telefon Tor Art International Museum Gallery Registan Umarov Vabkent R. Temurov Amir Temur of Peace and Solidarity Kamol Otaturk Rukhabad Khayam Studio Museum Muynak Omar Church Meros Puppet Mausoleum Rukhabad Guri Amir Labigar Djami Theater Kammekh Kasan Firdousi Theater Shahrukh Mirzo Mausoleum Mekhnat Suzangaran Adjzi Saidakhmad Pendzhijent Lutfi Ak Sarai Ustabaev Firdousi Mustakillik Mausoleum Sharaf Rashidov Makhmud Kashgan Firdousi Bulok Isaev Kamol Otaturk Church Church Universitet Bulvari Galaba Kahramon Umarov Yusuf Khas Khadgiba Zoology Museum Bulok Abutyunov Isaev Bobur Mirzo Orzi Makhmudov Alisher Navoi Suzangaran Ishrat Djami Akad. Akbar Atakhodjaev Nurabad Museum Mukimi Khana Abdi Darun Bakhtiyor Khamidov Khodja Prof. Abdulla Khamroev Chekhov Sinagogue Sadridin Aynio Complex Yakhye Gulmov Kabul Ashurov curtains». The Ulugbek, Sherdor and Tilla-Kari on Mondays and Wednesdays. Here one can buy madrasahs were used as grain warehouses horses much cheaper than in Bukhara. Streets in and even stables. During the rst rulers of Samarkand are wide, water ows in the irrigation the Mangits dynasty (1757-1920) the city ditches that give cool to houses located here\". once again recovered and many monuments (including the Registan) were repaired. During In the period of independence, the city became the rule of Amir Haydar (1800-1825) the oldest even more beautiful, and the patterns of the domes library of the madrasah of Mirzo Ulughbek was and portals of many monuments have been restored. restored. Since 1997 by the initiative of the First President Islam Karimov, international festival of The Iranian traveler Mir Izzatullah who visited Oriental music called \"Sharq Taronalari\" (\"Eastern Samarkand in 1812, wrote: \"In those years [early melodies\") is held every two years in Samarkand, I century], the city became more beautiful on Registan square. from day to day. Markets work twice a week – UZTG 31

Historical Sites Ulugbek Madrassah Built in 1417, both in Samarkand and Bukhara, was a large urban project incorporating several mosques, caravanserais and bazaars altogether. However, only Ulugbek Madrassah (largest Madrassah in Samarkand) survived after so many centuries. This madrassah faced the Registan Square directly. The madrassah operated until the late 17th century, SAMARKAND Teaching functions were then resumed in the early 20 century. before it was transformed into grain storage for more than a century. th Afrosiab Settlement “Everything I have heard about Samarkand is true, except for the fact that it is more beautiful than I could imagine.” said Greek King Alexander the Great who invaded Samarkand in 329 B.C. The ancient settlement of Afrosiab is situated on the spurs of Chupan-Ata hills to the northeast of the present-day Samarkand. According to legends, it was here, on the banks of the river Siab, that Turanian king and hero Afrosaib, a character of the folk epic ‘Shahnama’, founded the town that then became the capital of Sogdiana. The Afrosiab site appeared as gloomy yellowish hills. Its panoramic view can be viewed from the citadel’s top. Location: Tashkent Road, Samarkand Coordinates: 39° 40’ 10.70” N 66° 59’ 15.25” E 32 UZTG

Historical Sites Sher-Dor Madrassah Sher-Dor or “Lion” Madrassah was built in th the 17 Century. Only the sons of wealthy families studied there, and they came from all over Central Asia. Training could last from ten to twenty years. The only subject students were required to take was the Koran, all the other subjects were optional and could be selected by the students according to their SAMARKAND interests. The Madrassah was considered as radical in its uses of animal gures (the two gures in the corners are lions) which are usually prohibited in Islamic law. Tilya-Kori Madrasah Tilya-Kori (“Gilded”) Madrassah was built 10 years after Sher-Dor Madrassah. It was not only a place for training students but it also played the role of a grand mosque. The two-storied façade decorated with beautiful patterns, the dormitory building surrounding the vast courtyard and the abundantly gilded ornaments in the mosque’s main hall are among the stunning highlights of the madrassah which also were fundamental in naming the mosque, Til-Kori. UZTG 33

Historical Sites Gur-Emir Mausoleum - Tomb of the King The Gur-e Amir (also Gur Emir) is the mausoleum from marble, only Temur’s headstone is from of the Asian conqueror Tamerlane (also known nephritis, it was brought by order of Ulugbek and put on Temur’s grave. as Temur) in Samarkand (now in Uzbekistan). SAMARKAND Emir Mausoleum was built in 1404 for Temur’s In June 1941, Samarkand was part of the Gur-Emir means “Grave of Emir”. The Gur- Soviet Union, and Soviet scientists came to grandson Muhammad Sultan. He was the heir the mausoleum and opened the sarcophagus apparent of throne after Timur, but in 1404 he to study the body of Temur and found the died and Temur ordered to buid big mausoleum inscription: for his beloved grandson. In 1405, Temur died in Otrar city and his invader more terrible than I am”. sons decided to move his body and bury him “Whosoever opens my tomb shall unleash an near his favourite grandson. From that time Location: Bustansaroy Street, Samarkand on, this mausoleum was called the “burial- Coordinates: 39° 38’ 54.34” N 66° 58’ 8.35” E vault of Temurids”. Every headstone is made Mausoleum of Ak-Saray One of the most mysterious buildings in Samarkand is the Mausoleum of Ak-Saray. Externally, there is no attractive exterior decoration and the dome was not completed. However, the inner interior does not conform to the outer design - large richly gilded fragments of ornamental paintings in the “kundal” style (laying paints with gold covers on the relief ornament) remain on its walls, sails, and dome. The relief, gold and wide colour gamut of vegetative patterns remind of rich carpet fabrics. Locals say some headless person is buried in the special niche by the eastern wall. It might be a tomb of Ulugbek’s son Abdul Latif who was executed for murder of his father. Location: Registan Street, Samarkand 34 UZTG

Historical Sites Imam al-Bukhari Mausoleum The mausoleum of Imam al-Bukhari in Samarkand is a very impressive sight. It is a masterpiece of modern Uzbek architecture based on traditional oriental style. The mausoleum of Imam al-Bukhari lies straight ahead. Inside the mausoleum of Imam al-Bukhari there is a marble tomb, but the real burial site of Imam al-Bukhari is actually below SAMARKAND that tomb. The rectangular tomb is cased in polished marble of many colours, and before it, is the gravestone, Arabic words carved upon it briey summarizing the Imam’s life. Location: Northeast of M-37, Samarkand Coordinates: 39.8149545785 66.9447555604 Khodja Akhror Ensemble This site is the grave for the “Naqshbandiyya” Su order’s leader. “He is the Khodja of Khodjas” the person who knows the importance of the people. Khodja Akhror was buried near Samarkand, white stone and epitaphs were on the grave of Khodja. It is an important pilgrimage place as it was believe to be one of the sacred cemeteries of Muslims. Nodir Divan Begi, one of the rulers of Samarkand in 1630, ordered to construct a madrassah and mosque, now being reconstructed as the Ayvan and Minaret. Location: Rudakiy Street M-37, Samarkand UZTG 35

Historical Sites Ishrat-Khan Mausoleum Ishrat-khan which means “House of Joy” is a remarkable monument in the second half of the 14 century. Legends told that it was th a burial place for women of aristocratic or SAMARKAND renovated after the earthquake on 19th a family burial place. The place was never century when Tamerlane’s grandson Ulugbek rushed into the hall forcing everyone to leave the hall, in accordance with horoscope, his grandfather Amir Temur is in danger during the feast in Ishrat-khan. Not long after they left, earthquake ruined part of the mausoleum. Although the monument was never renovated, you will still be impressed with their architectural harmony. Location: Southeast of Registan Square, Samarkand Ruhabad Mausoleum Sheikh Burkhan ad-Din Sagardji who was highly respected by contemporaries of Temur, his wife Bibi-Halifa and their ten children were buried here. Burkhan ad-Din Sagardji had a righteous mode of life and was respected for his high moral qualities. He was married to a Chinese Princess and died in China. The body of the saint was brought to Samarkand and buried here with his children. It was Sagardji who personally asked to bury him in Samarkand which he called “the city of God”. Legend says that under the dome there is a box containing seven hairs of the Prophet Mohammed. The laconic domed Ruhabad mausoleum (“The Abode of Spirit”) is located near the Gur-Emir mausoleum. Location: Registan Street, Samarkand Coordinates: 39° 39’ 3.14” N 66° 58’ 5.69” E 36 UZTG

Historical Sites Bibi Khanum Mosque After his Indian campaign in 1399, Temur decided to undertake the construction of a gigantic mosque in his new capital, Samarkand. The Bibi Khanum mosque, dedicated to his wife Bibi, was built using precious stones captured during Amir Temur’s conquest in India. This immense edice was once the largest structure ever built using unred, un-reinforced mud brick. SAMARKAND Bibi was buried in a tomb located in a madrassah complex just across the main road which leads from the old city of Afrosiab to the center of the Temurid city at the Registan. (The tomb is currently being restored) As Blair and Bloom suggest, “Temur’s mosque was designed not only to continue Iranian imperial tradition, but also to symbolize his conquest of the world.” Location: Tashkent Road, Samarkand Coordinates: 39° 39’ 38.84” N 66° 58’ 44.85” E Shah-I-Zinda Ensemble The Shah-I-Zinda, meaning “The living king” in the northeastern part of the ensemble. This is a world famous necropolis which includes unique complex of Shah-I-Zinda was formed th th mausoleums and other ritual buildings of the over nine (from 11 till 19 ) centuries and now th th 9th, 14 and 19 centuries. It is not only the includes more than twenty buildings. oldest monument in Islamic architecture it is also an important pilgrimage site in Samarkand Location: Rudakiy Road, M-37, Samarkand for both locals and tourist. Contact: (+998 71) 2335382 Coordinates: 39° 39’ 47.01” N 66° 59’ 16.83” E The main body of Kusam-ibn-Abbas is situated UZTG 37

Historical Sites Hazrati (Hizr) Mosque One of the oldest and most legendary mosques in Uzbekistan is the Hazrati Hizr Mosque in Samarkand. This mosque was built on the hill diagonal to the Bibi Khanum SAMARKAND Hazrati Hizr was the god of water. He was Mosque in the 18th century. It was said that Saint Hizr was very famous among the population of Central Asian oases including and settled people. nomadic considered to be a giver of good luck, abundance and a kind patron of good people, workers and travellers. The mosque for Hazrati Hizr was erected in Samarkand in the medieval period. Location: Rudakly Road, Samarkand Coordinates: 39° 39’ 47.01” N 66° 59’ 16.83” E Ulugbek Observatory After Mirzo Ulugbek’s death, the observatory With amazing accuracy, the length of a star year was destroyed. Only in 1908, archaeologist by Ulugbek’s calculation is equal to 365 days 6 Vyatkin found the very rst document where hours 10 minutes 8 seconds whereas the actual the observatory’s location was mentioned. length by modern data is 365 days 6 hours 9 Unfortunately, only underground parts of the minutes 9.6 seconds. The deviation is only less sextant and basis of the building were saved. than a minute despite not having any advanced optical instruments. The Observatory of Ulugbek has been so famous because of the publishing of the “Ulugbek Zidj”, Location: Tashkent Road, Samarkand a book that consists of a theoretical description Contact: (+98866) 2350345 and drawings of about 1,000 celestial bodies. Coordinates: 39° 40’ 30.02” N 67° 0’ 20.41” E 38 UZTG

Museum SAMARKAND Samarkand Museum of History The museum is situated on the site of the ancient settlement of Afrasiab, on the road leading from the mosque of Hazrati Hizr to the bridge across the Siab river. The museum displays exhibits illustrating the various periods of the city’s ancient history: ossuary, fragments of ancient swords, knifes, arrows, coins, ceramics and unique frescos from the 7-8 century palace of the Ilshid of ghting against predators, as well as boats with th Samarkand. men and women can be seen on northern wall. Excavated in 1965 in the center of the medieval The eastern wall instead shows young men city behind the third fortication, the palace swimming in the sea, birds and animals. The occupied more than 1 hectare. The roof of its wall behind the llshid’s throne portrays a throne hall was supported by wooden columns, parade of the Chinese, Chaganian, Chach and and its southern wall decorated with paintings East Turkistan embassies. The palace was of a wedding embassy to llshid Varkhuman reconstructed several times and destroyed in which is from the second half of the 7 century. the century. th 8th The parade is led by the bride - the Chaganian Address: Samarkand, Tashkentskaya str. Governor’s daughter - riding on a white elephant Phone:(+998 66) 235-53-36 and accompanied by friends and dignitaries Working hours: from 09:00 a.m. to 05:00 p.m. on camels and horses. Scenes of horsemen Closed: on Sunday Samarkand Picture Gallery Samarkand Picture Gallery shows the ne art collection with a Quail’ by Usto Mumin (1897- consisting of about 4,000 paintings, graphic works and 1957) shows a mixture of inuences sculptures. from the east, the Italian Renaissance and Russian icons. The exhibits include works by well-known Russian artists such as Alexander Nikolaev, better known as Usto Mumin, In the early works of Boore (1897- as well as Boore, Dudin, Karazin, Nikitin and Vereshaghin, 1943), of which there are about 400 in whose works depict the history and life of the people of the museum, we can see the historic Central Asia. neighbourhoods and architectural monuments of Bukhara and The collections of the museum include seven works by Samarkand and ethnographic studies, Vereshchaghin (1842-1904): ‘Steppe landscape’, ‘Native Uzbek painting of the 20th century Jew’, ‘Singer with dutar’, ‘Steppe hunters’, ‘The Mulfah is represented by works by Benkov, at a School’, ‘Mirza-bek, Envoy of the Bukhara Amir’ and Kovafevskaya, Ahmedov, Djalolov, ‘The Palace of the Amir, Samarkand’. Isaev, Kalonov and Chariev. Dudin’s (1863-19-29) painting ‘The Dervish’ is an ethnographic representation of a Muslim ascetic of the Address: Art Gallery, Central Park beginning of the 20 century. The symbolic painting ‘Boy Tel.: (+ 998 662) 33 51 43 th UZTG 39

Museum SAMARKAND Samarkand Paper Work Shop Uzbek writer and scholar, Alisher Navoi called paper “wings that spread around the thoughts of wise men”. Here, as many centuries ago, one can see with one’s own eyes the process of manually producing the famous Samarkand paper in accordance with the old technology. In 650, the soldiers who escaped Chinese captivity created the rst paper. The rst paper mill in Baghdad appeared only half a century after paper production was started in Samarkand. Samarkand paper with its high quality forced out from the markets the various kinds of Egyptian paper and leather. Location: Konigil village (10km away from the centre of Samarkand, on the way to Bukhara) Coordinates:39.6675911929, 67.0075108206 Museum of History and Art of Uzbek People The Samarkand Museum of History and Art of the Uzbek People is one of the oldest and largest museums in Central Asia. Opened in 1896, it is situated in a separate building next to the Registan square since 1978. The museum houses around 200,000 exhibits, including collections of archaeology, numismatics, ethnography, manuscripts and historical documents covering the history and culture of the region from the early and middle Paleolithic ages to the beginning of the 20 century. th Location: Mahmud Qashqariy Ko’chasi, Samarkand Coordinates: 39.6545082737, 66.951399008 40 UZTG

Shopping Central Departmental Store Shopping in Registan Square Central Departmental Store has been voted as Plenty of designer shops can be found along the the best departmental store in Samarkand. A stretch. Unique designs of clothing as well as variety of brands in the premise such as Nike, souvenirs are also available. Adidas and other international brands are available here. Location: Mirzo Ulugbek Stree, Samarkand Coordinates: 39.6553012484, 66.9573856985 Location: Mirzo Ulugbek Street, Samarkand Operation Hour: 11am – 8pm Coordinates: 39.6553012484, 66.9573856985 SAMARKAND Registan Supermarket This place is well known for their craft products such as ceramic. Textiles and various selection of carved wood are sold as souvenirs. Location: Mirzo Ulugbek Street, Samarkand Operation Hour: 10am – 2pm Coordinates: 39.6553012484, 66.9573856985 Tashkent Street in Samarkand You will nd yourself snaking around to nd unique antiques as souvenirs along this long stretch of stalls. Location: Tashkent Road, In front of Bibi Kahnum Mosque Coordinates: 39.659269358, 66.9804301648 Samarkand Carpet Workshop At the Registan, look out for the Samarkand Ceramics Workshop, one of the few places still practicing the Samarkand school of ceramic making. Location: Registan Tilla-Kari Medressa, Samarkand Operating Hour: 10am – 3pm Coordinates: 39.6618429425, 66.9922758734 Siyab Bazaar Siyab Bazzar is covered with a dome. Do not be afraid of the communication barrier that you might face, walk down the bazaar to experience the life of the locals. Samarkanids are very friendly. Location: Tashkent Road, Samarkand Operation Hour: 10am – 3pm Coordinates: 39.6622757985, 66.9802155881 UZTG 41

Eating Out Doston House Address: Kokili Kalon Street, Samarkand Contact: (+99865) 223 6787; (+99865) 190 2755 Opening hours: 9am – 6pm Istiqlol Restaurant SAMARKAND Address: 157, Amir Temur Street, Samarkand Contact: (+99866) 222 9083 Karimbek Restaurant Address: 194, Gagarina Street, Samarkand Contact: (+99866) 221 2756 Astoria Restaurant Opening hours: 8am – 11pm Address: 14, Amir Temur Street, Samarkand Contact: (+99866) 310 0004 Opening hours: 11am – 12am National House “Muborak Sharipovna” Address: 16, Turon Street, Samarkand Contact: (+99866) 237 4621 Old City Restaurant Address: 100/1, A. Jomiy Street, Samarkand Contact: (+99866) 233 8020 Opening hours: 10am – 11pm Old Arba Restaurant Address: 92, M.Kashgariy, Samarkand Contact: (+99866) 233 0577 Opening hours: 9am – 12am Venezia Restaurant Address: 27, Uzbekistan Street, Samarkand Contact: (+99866) 233 4322 Opening hours: 11am – 11pm Samarkand Restaurant Address: 54, M. Koshgariy Street, Samarkand Contact: (+99866) 233 3591 Opening hours: 10am – 11pm Paradise Land Restaurant Address: 32, Nodira Begim Street, Samarkand Contact: (+99866) 221 1985/ (+99866) 267 4085 Opening hours: 11am – 2am Platan Restaurant Address: 2, Pushkin Street, Samarkand Contact: (+99866) 233 8049 Opening hours: 10am – 11pm Registan Restaurant Address: 5, Registanskaya Street, Samarkand Contact: (+99890) 742 1548 Opening hours: 8am – 11pm 42 UZTG

Accomodation Advantage Hotel Address: 2A, Benkov Street., Samarkand, Uzbekistan SAMARKAND Antica B&B Address: 56 - 58 Iskandarov Street, 703012 Samarkand Hotel Samarkand Plaza Central Samarkand Hotel Address: Dagbitskaya Rudaki Street, Address: 1, Kuk-Saray square, Samarkand Samarkand Contact: (+998 66) 2310211, Contact: (+998-66) 2324099 (+998 66) 2334534 Website: www.hotelsamarkand-plaza.com Website: www.hcentral.5u.com E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Orient Star Samarkand Address: 33, Dagbitskaya Street, 703000 Samarkand Contact: (+998-662) 35-27-16 / (+998 66) 35-89-62 E-mail: [email protected] B&B Dilshoda Address: 150, Oksaroy Street, 140104 Samarkand Contact: (+998 66) 235 03 87 Website: www.hotel-dilshoda.com Regal Palace Samarkand Address: Vohid Abdullo Sreet 1, 140130 Samarkand Contact: (+99866) 232 9999 / (+998 66) 233 9999 Website: www.theregalpalace.com E-mail: [email protected] B&B Sevara 1 Hotel Address: 7, Shokirbekova, Samarkand B&B Timur The Great Address: 84, Bukharskaya Street, 703011 Samarkand UZTG 43

Accomodation Hotel Grand Samarkand Address: 38, Yalangtush Street, Samarkand Contact: (+998 66) 233-28-80, 233-62-98 Website: www.grand-samarqand.com E-mail: [email protected] SAMARKAND Address: 32, Arifbaev Street, 130140 The Hotel Uzbegim Plaza Samarkand Contact: +998662322640 Hotel Dilshoda Address: 150, Oqsaroy Street, 140104 Samarkand Contact: (+998 66) 235-03-87 / (+998 66) 231-03-18 E-mail: [email protected] Sherdor Hotel Address: Koshgari Street 91, 140100 Samarkand Contact: (+998 66) 233-36-33 / (+998 66) 233-28-18 Website: www.sherdor.com E-mail: [email protected] Hotel Asia Samarkand Address: 50, Qosh-Hauz Street, Samarkand Contact: (+99866) 235-82-30 Shaxzoda Lux Hotel Address: 15, Atahodzhaeva Street, 140100 Samarkand Contact: (+99871) 200-4455 44 UZTG

Entertainment Sharq Taronalari This festival has been held since 1997 by the of the best achievements of traditional music, initiative of the President of the Republic of education of the young generation in the Uzbekistan Islam Karimov and under the patronage spirit of continuing national traditions and of UNESCO. further expanding its international creative communications. “Sharq taronalari” takes place biennially under the support of the Ministry of Culture and Sports The programme of “Sharq taronalari” Aairs of Uzbekistan, the Ministry of Foreign festival includes contest of traditional music Aairs of Uzbekistan, National Television performers from dierent countries, as well SAMARKAND Broadcasting Company of Uzbekistan, Pop music as scientic and practical conference with union “Uzbeknavo”, the Union of Composers of musicologists, composers and performers. Uzbekistan, and Samarkand regional government. Location: Registan Square, Samarkand City The main goals and objectives of the festival are: GPS: N 39.39.19 E 66.57.26 wide popularization, preservation and development Regional Puppet Theatre The regional puppet theater of a name of A.Dzhurayev was founded in 1978. There are 65 sta units there in the theater and 53 positions are occupied by art workers and technical specialists. Loved by adults and also children, this theatre is a favourite venue for locals of Samarkand to spend time watching puppet performances with their families. Location: 51 Mustaqillik str, Samarkand Tel: (366) 233 59 59 / 233 09 96 UZTG 45

Intro TASHKENT TASHKENT Tashkent the largest industrial, scientic and cultural center of Central Asia is the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The city covers an area of more than 300 sq.km. It was founded about 2200 years ago in the valley of the Chirchik river basin. The old name of the city was \"Chach\" or \"Shash\". Only the remains of the fortress (Ming-Uryuk) survived from the old city. Tashkent was located in the border area of urban and steppe cultures and long ago has been included in the transnational trade route, now known as the Great Silk Road. The Chinese chronicles mentioned the city and an oasis called \"Shi\" and wrote that \"the inhabitants of the city are courageous, persistent in battle. Therefore, no one can subordinate them for a long time. They are good traders \". Tashkent throughout its history was in the epicenter of political events in neighboring countries. In the 60's of the VI century became one of the capitals of the Turkic kaganate. Neighboring states tried to subordinate the city and oasis to their inuence, which led to frequent conicts and wars. Therefore, Tashkent was the object of intervention and colonization of China, Mongols and already in 1864 became a part of the Russian Empire. In 751 Tashkent ruler concluded a treaty with the arab governor of Mawara 'al-Nahr and participated in the battle of the troops of commander Ziyad ibn Salih against the chinese, defeated them near Talas (modern Taraz). Since then Tashkent has become part of the arab caliphate and Islamic religion and culture are rmly established here. By this time was built a new fortress (between Chorsu-Khadra-Iski- juva), which the Arabs called \"Binkat\", and the region itself they called \"Shash\". According to the Arabic chronicles, the representative of the Samanid dynasty Jahiya ibn Assad in 204/819 - 820 received a letter from the caliph al-Mamun (813-833) to administer wrote: \"In Khorasan and Mavarannahr there the Shash provinces which, however, could is no country like the numerous mosques, preserve political autonomy. At this time coins cultivated villages, vastness and abundance with the name of the city and the autonomous of buildings and the strength and courage of state were actively struggling. According to the the inhabitants. Shash. The whole city (Binkat) Arab historian Ibn Khordadbeh, Shash paid 607 hides in greenery and belongs to the healthiest 100 dirhams to the treasury of the Caliphate. cities of Mawara 'an-nahr'. VIII-XII centuries was a period of urban growth. In the oasis appeared more than 70 cities and The diameter of the city within the outer wall large commercial settlements, which gave was equal to one farsah (5-7 km). In the fortress basis to call this as \"urban phenomenon.\" And walls of the inner city (rabad) there were 10 there were several Cathedral mosques (Jami ') gates, 7 rabads, external gates-, there were two in each of them. Arab geographer al-Istakhri gates in the wall of the citadel (kuandiz). Behind 46 UZTG

Intro TASHKENT its wall there was the largest Cathedral mosque. righteous\"; \"greed is a manifestation of poverty\"; The vast suburban area of the outer suburb \"one who talks a lot is often mistaken\", etc. was built up by palaces, surrounded by gardens and vineyards. A multitude of channels owed There are no architectural monuments of the IX through the city. At that time, magnicent - X centuries, decorated with inscriptions, that articles from metal, ceramics, textiles were preserved in Tashkent. However, the literacy and producedin Tashkent. The most famous artistic taste of its artisans, as well as the spread product was ceramic dishes decorated with of the arabic language in the urban environment magnicent patterns and inscriptions in arabic. is witnessed by elegant glazed ceramic dishes, Despite its fragility, it was exported to dozens coins and fragments of documents of that time. of countries. In the register of inscriptions there Tashkent theologian, faqih mazhab Sha'i, were fashionable aphorisms praising generosity muhaddis and a poet Muhammad b. 'Ali Abu and knowledge: \"generosity is a property of the Bakr al-Kaal al-Kabir al-Shashi (904-976) UZTG 47

left the memory of himself throughout the Islamic world. He is the author of a number Canal Borzu of works on qh, hadith and dogmatics. In making theological decisions and conclusions TV Tower Botanical Garden (hukm, fatwa), he equally used the methods Kosasaroy Djakhon Obidova of the sha'ite and hana schools. The works Foroboy Av. Khusniddin Asomov Bodomzor Av. Amir Temur Zoo Canal Salar TASHKENT Abu-l-Hasan Qasim ash-Shashi wasa famous Barak Khana Zarqainar Church Usman Yusupov Shivli Erghashev of Kaal ash-Shashi are still being studied in the madrasahs of muslim countries. His son Kaffai Sashi Mausoleum scientist. Kaal Shashi has trained more Madrassah than hundred students who have dispersed throughout all the countries of the Islamic world, and Tashkent has become known as one of the most authoritative centers of the sunni mazhab \"sha'a\". Obid Sadikov Saghbon Ghofur Ghulom Khurshid Minor Erghashev Mudofaachilar Tinchlik Los Jóvenes In 1209-1210 the city was burnt by the mongols. Theater Khursid Murtazoyev Ghani Mavlonov However, it revived in the old place in the second Av. Beruny Chorsu Okkurgan Buyuk Ipak Yuli half of the 13th century, although it declined Bazar Circus Gofur Gulom considerably in size. At that time in there Chorsu Zarqainar Abdulla Kodiry Av. Buyuk Ipak Yuli were about 50 madrassas and several dozen Abdulla Kodiry Pushkin Cathedral mosques in the city of Shash. The Madrassah A. Kodiry Kory NIyozov Kukuldash mausoleum (mazar) of Kaal Al-Shashi was in Uyghur Uzbekistán Av. Amir Temur a great popularity. Asadulla Khudjaev Alisher Navoi Theater Mustakillik Pushkin Parkent Under the Temur (1370-1405) and Temurids Samarkand Darvoza t a k r Pakhtator Ilkhom Maydoni Navoi Alaisky Khamid Olimjon Av. Academician Khabib Abdullaev Bazar Tashkent gained the importance of an outpost F u Theater Amir Temur Tolstoy city at the junction of an oasis with a nomadic Av. Abai Museum Asaka Abdulkhamid Kayumov steppe. The city regained its old dimensions Paradar Khorazm (about 100-120 hectares). In Tashkent and Uzbekiston Sharof Rashidov Yunus Rajabiy Ruso Theater the surrounding area there was one of the Navoi Theater Romanovsky Makatmi Gandi collection points of the army of Amir Temur Av. Uzbekiston Amir Temur K. Canal Salar who ordered the restoration of the irrigation Madrassah Bunedkor Art Theater system, new channels, bridges and restored Abdul Khasim Puppet Uzbekiston Khamza ruined holy places, for example, at the grave of Furkat Theater the su sheikh Zangi-ata (died in 1258). Under Parliament Chimkent Movarounnahr Okhunboboev M. Musokhanov the Temurids in the 15th century the head of the Kosmonavtlar Polish Naqshbandiyya su brotherhood Khoja Ahrar Museum Shakhrisabz Academician S. Azimov Chatolic erected the Cathedral mosque (Jami ') and the Mily Bog Navoi Statue Art Church madrassah, as well as the quarter mosque Hai in the Gulbazar territory of Shakhristan. Much Alisher Navoi D. Kunaev Movarounnahr S. Baraka later, the Tashkent historian Muhammad Salih National Park Bobur Oybek Tashkandi wrote about twelve quarter mosques Lokhutiy Chekhov based on the name of Khoja Ahrar: 5 in the Khalkar Dustligi Yusuf Khos Khodjib Shaikhantaur part, 4 in Beshagach, 3 in Kukcha. Khamza Canal Anchor Nukus In the eastern part of the suburbs there was a Canal Burdjar D. Ostanov Mirobod Oybek necropolis with the mausoleums of the famous Shota Rustavelli Av. Ferghana su Shaikh Havandi Tahur great-grandfather of Tashkent Turkiston Tashkent Khoja Ahrar and the mysterious Kaldyrgach- Katartal Mukimy Ivieva Airport Toshkent biya. After the Temurids, Tashkent again 7 km. becomes an arena of the struggle between Mogulistan and Mavar al-Nahr. Since the al-Kaal al-Shashi was restored. Gardens with beginning of the XVI century the city was owned summer residences of khans were located by several dynasties of uzbek khans, who also near the Kalkauz canal Majlises were held in tried to improve the city. the countryside of Kaikavus , where scholars, poets and theologians of Tashkent held debates Buildings of the mausoleums, khanaka and on literary and theological topics, singers, madrasah were covered with beautiful mosaic musicians and withers competed with each decor, the portals and domes were adorned other. A city hospital was there . with dedicatory inscriptions and sayings from the Koran. They are, for example, madrasah, Since 1808, Tashkent became the possession mosque and khanaka Keldi Muhammad Khan, of the Kokand Khanate with its center in the Barak Khan, mosque namazgah near the Kokand mountains (Fergana Valley), but bazaar Chor-su, madrassas Kukeltash and retained relative economic autonomy, which others. Then the mausoleum of Muhammad contributed to the growth of the importance 48 UZTG