Berita Shell 1995

I Sumatrensis, (baru-baru ini dilihat di Hutan Simpan Belum), gajah Malaya / elephas maximus, tapir Malaya/tapirus indicus, seladang atau gat:Lr/bos gaurus, harimau Malaya/panthers tigris corbetti, kuang bayas dan anatidea liar. pelan Hidupanliui ini *\"r-rrnjukkan kesamaran sempadan arbitrari manusia dan a-udaiilhahbtearnggagnutunnggjawkeapbadkearatijnadaankd-taannd]aubkatamnanHuisdiuap. aDni Malaysia, pemuliharaan kejayaannya Liar dan Taman Negara hidupan liar (perhilitan). Pentingnyi hidupan liar kepada rekreasi, penyelidikan saintifik, pelancongan dan pendidikan adalah ru*u d\"t1gun pentingnya hutan yang menjadi habitat m9rel,<a-. Berbagai program telah diatui rr-ttrk menjamin perlindungan hidupan liar di Malaysia. Pertama, pe\"g\"r\"p\"tan dan penilaian data saintifik, kerana ia merupakan aspek penting dalam bidang penyelidikan hidupan liar. Ia ditujulan kepada beberapi spesis terancaman yang mempunyai nilai komersil kerana haiwan ini sering merosakkan harta persendirian atau harta kerajaan. Program inihenggunakan pendekatan secara menyeluruh dan menolong mengawasi habitat masa kini serta meramalkan trend masa depan. Program kedua pula menyokong perlindungan melalui penguatkuasaan Akta perlindringan Hidupan Liar No. 76 tahun 7972. Aklaini mengenal pasti dua kategori utama spesSisp-esisiiiytuurlsgpeasmisr-drailuinndgui nsgeipesneuphennyuahniyaalahdahnidsuppesains yang lindungi. terancam atau liar yang dianggap mungkin pupus. Spesis lni termasuk badak sumbu Sumatra, harimau dan harimau bintang. Sesiapa yang didapati melanggar undang-undang mengharamkan sepemrhnya perniagaan, pemilikan atau pembunuhin spesis-spesis iniboleh didenda sehingga RM15,000 atau dipenjara sehingga lima tahun atau kedua-dua sekali bagi satu kesalahan. Hanya orang-orang yang mempunyai lesen yang dikeluarkan oleh Perhiliian dibenarkan memburl, ..,\".Lgu atiu memiliki spesis yang terlindung ini. Melakukannya tanpa lesen boleh dikenakan denda sehingga RMg,OO0 atau dipenjara selama dua tahun, atau kedua- Sungoi Reloi - duanya sekali. sungoi yong bersih Sllak tahun 1991, senarai spesis haiwan yang dilindungi sepenuhnya oleh Akta seperti ini perlindungan Hidupan Liar 7972 (Pindaan 7976) termasuk, 1,850 jenis burungdan binatang. membontu mengekolkon Urusnlaga hidupan liar antarabangsa bagi spesis-spesis tersebut dikawal oleh Konvensyen hidupon lior. perdagangar-r Arltuiuburrgsa Spesis Flora dan Fauna Yang Terancam (CITES). Konvensyen yand dilulgskanoleh Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu ini disokong olehundang-undang setiap negara anggota CITES. Di Malaysia, Analisis Rekod Perdagangan Flora dan Fauna Dalam Perdagangan (TRAF- FIC) mengawasi perdagangan hidupan liar antarabangsa. Undang-undang menetaPkan bahawa binatang-binatang ini tidak boleh ditembak, dibunuh, disimpan atau diambil kecuali dalam keadaan terdesak. Ia boleh dipindahkan di bawah garis panduan yang ketat dan di bawah pengawasan pihak berkuasa yang berkaitan. Kategori kedua spesis Yang dilindungi dibahagi kepada dua kumpulan berasingan; setengahnya dianggap sebagai binatang buruan dan boleh diburu. Program ketiga bertuiuan untuk. memPerbaiki habitat hidupan liar. , 42 Brnrn Sueu., Arrul-Jurr trs I



Projek-projek pembiakan sedang dilaksanakan di Sungai Dusun (badak), Pahang (seladang), bungkai (kancil dan kuang bayas). Kura-kura pula dibela di Terengganu, Perak dan Kedah. Di Bota Kanan, Perak, usaha secara kecil-kecilan dijalankan untuk membina saliran air dekat beting-beting pasir di mana kegiatan melombong pasir menghalang tuntung-tuntung bertelur. Program keempat pula melibatkan pembiakan spesis dan pemulihan kawasan di mana beberapi spesis semakin berkurangan, dan menyelamatkan kumpulan-kumpulan binatang y-anglrotegrpruin*ggkier lsimerata, bertaburan. yang paling berharga, membabitkan kesedaran umum dan mungkin dan pendidikan mengenai isu-isu perlindungan hidupan liar. bl bawah progtur.r ini, Jabatan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara menggunakan strategi serampang dui mata yang ditujukan kepada sekolah-sekolah dan masyarakat umlm. Kedua--dua prog.u- menekankan pemuliharaan sebagai penggunaan terbaik sumber semula jadi secira 6etul supaya faedah jangka panjang dapat dikekalkan dan diperolehi daripadanya. maklumat mengenai Jabatan dan aktiviti-aktivitinya kepada juga mengadakan program lawatan ke sekolah-sekolah untuk irto*gD.iu- ini menyalurkan ,*r*. ,amping itu, fabatan memberi ceramah pendidikan, menayangkan filem dan slaid mengenai hidupan liar dan alam semula jadi. Sesi soal jawab juga sering diadakan. Kanak-kanak sekolah digalakkan menyertai program pembelajaran percubaan yang membabitkan perkhemahan dihutan iirt put . Dengan cara ini, mereka dapat menghargai dan menghayati secira langsung sifat kompleks dan saling pergantungan hutan dan keindahan semula jadinya. Projek-projek kelab alam semula jadi yang popular di kalangan kanak-kanak sekolah telah mula menarik perhatian guru, pelajar dan ibu bapa. Pelan Hidupan Liar bertujuan untuk mengatasi Sebuoh pondok masalah utama yang timbul daripada kekurangan kawasan semulajadi dan saluran arr rehot di Kelonton. Lihot kehijouon di semula jadi yang sangat perlu untuk mengekalkan spesis-spesis,asli. belokongnyo. Srnggrirpun p\"*burlgrrlan tanah pesat telah menjejaskan habitat kebanyakan spesis haiwan IlMalaysii, hutan hujan tanah rendah yang diteroka untuk pembangunan pertanian. Undang-undang baru yang dirangka oleh kerajaan dari masa ke masa bagi projek-projek pembanguian, khuiusnyadi kiwasan pendalaman, kini mengambil kira keperluan hidupan iir.. UJaha-usaha seding dilakukan untuk meneliti projek seperti pembangunan air, r\"iepur mengkaji kesannya terhad_ap alam sekitar dan-biologi. p^eng\"Sanegpkiruttlaynandgandpineyratatankiiann, oleh Encik Rashid Samsudin, \"lJnit-unit kami melakukan sedaya ,puf, m\"ereki untuk menghalang pencerobohan tetapi terdapat banyak cara untuk masuk din Leluar hutan.\" Perhilitan mempunyai unit-unit penguatkuasaan di setiap negeri \"yang\"Dmareipnacudbaabsileabnagiaknmournug^kginyuurn,gtutkelmahendgiaketansai kmaansatilnadhaiknai.n undang-undang, kita dapat membuaikesimpulinbahawilangkah-langkahpenguatkuasaanmemangtelahditingtatkan. Tetapi sehinggi dan kecuali lebih banyak hutan simpan dan 'kawasan perlindungan' diwartakan untuk binatang-binatang ini, kita hanya boleh berhataP agil semua spesis hidup yang bernilai ini dapat terus hidup untuk melihat habitat baru mereka. t\\,) 44 Benrn Suru, Apsr-Jurr tsss

PUSTAKA NEGERI SARAWAK 1lil ilil ]ilil ilil iltil ilil iltil ilil ililt ilil ilill iilil ilil t]lil ilil 1ilil 3 2000 001096584

CONTENTS PETROL IN PROFITE 2 MALAYSIAN FABRICAIORS MOVE INTO MAJOR TEAGUE 8 CTIMBING GUNUNG GERAH r3 WORLD IN BRIEF A summary of Shell news from around fhe world, 17 QUARTERLY HIGHLIGHIS l8 PROFAII MINYAK PETROL l9 SYARIKAT-SYARIKAT PENGIMPAT MATAYSIA TEROKA BIDANG LEBIH BESAR 25 MENDAKI GUNUNG GERAH 3l COVER: En route to Gunung Geroh, seven thousond feet qbove seolevel on the Moloysion peninsulor's Moin Ronge, mountoin climber Lee Yu Kit photofreezes his 'orong osli' guide's home: \"Oder's house wos mode of flottened bomboo strips with o thotched roof ond roised on wooden stilts. lt sot in o field of golden morigold, He hqd o gurgling rVer (hence the fish trops), o blue ridge of hills ond o dense, primevol jungle oround him ,,, How I envied him.\" July-September lees .Editor: Lino Yop Abdulloh Grophic Designer: Rohoyo lsmoil Editoriol Office: Corporote Affoirs Deportment. Shell Moloysio, P O Box 11027 , 50732 Kuolo Lumpur. Telephone 03-2559144. Telex: MA304l4 o Focsmile: 03-2512990 Printed by Ho Pok Sdn Bhd, Petoling Joyo -rito Shell is the corporote mogozine of Shell Moloysio ond is published quorterly, Opinions expressed in the orticles do noi necessorily reflect those of ony Shell compony, Editors of newspopers or mogozines ore welcome to reproduce ony orticle but o prior written opprovol should be obtoined from the editor, excepf for editors in other Shell Componies who need only io ocknowledge the source.

PETROL'N PROFILE Malaysian motorist spends up fo petrol is an invisibte producf , The average RM t 440,00 a year on if, buf never sees if . lt passes sfraighf from the pump info the fank, Yef wifhouf petrol, life as we know if would grind fo a halt ,,, With obout 35 Introducing petrol from crude oil, accounting for about one most important transportation-fuel. Well million new cors Petrol is the moit important single product made bullt every yeor third of all crude oit produced. tI is atso the single ond 20 million over half of aII the distance travelled by motor vehicles is by petrol-driven vehicles' World old cors demand for diesel, the other main transportation fuel, is less than half that for petrol' scropped, the There are now more than 400 million petrol driven vehicles in the world. Between them every world's cor day they use nearly 3000 million litres of petrol, over half of it unleaded' Approximdtely 35 populqtion miilion new.u6 ui\" built every year and worldwide demand for petrol continues to grow' could reoch o totol of 500 million by the yeor 2000. 2 Brnna Srrn, Juty - SrprsMsrn tccs

A complex product Petrolis ablend of manydifferent'components',mainlyhydrocarbons,morethan300 of them, and a variety of additives. The additives which can include detergents, anti-oxidants and other chemicals further enhance the performance of petrol. Expecting a lot Most people take petrol for granted, but everyone expects the petrol they buy to bring out the best in their engine. People want all-round performance from their vehicles - they want the engine to start first time, smooth acceleration, good fuel economy and long engine life. Finally, a modern petrol must create minimum emissions. Excellence required ffiddd To meet these expectations, a petrol must excel in @ r@ its three basic attributes - octane quality, volatil- ity and cleaning power. This requires the skills lrlrhs the air/psttot Wh* the f*ston retqfts and energies of many thousands of specialists, vapour qixtura is tram thg pr*tors working in laboratories and refineries all over iEtroducert- the world. They have at their disposal a wide 9ap6neloft. Batr dod array of analytical techniques. They can also draw on the practical experience and scientific insights accumulated over the past 100 or so years, in fact since the first 'petrol' appeared. What a good petrol needs Octane quality The higher the compression ratio of an engine, the better its economy and power output. The degree to which the compression ratio can be raised is limited by the onset of 'knock'. The resistance of a fuel to knock is expressed in terms of its octane rating on a number scale from 0 to 100. The higher the octane rating, the greater the rsistance to knock. Volatility To form a combustible mixture with air, the petrol must be suficiently volatile. If the volatility What petrol does in the engine llvhcn tire r'i*tsc is M Petrol is pumped from the fuel tank into the YV}ff tllG €xpindd carburettor where it is mixed with air. It then gffi, lrBffildqaIrffi vaporises. This vapour mixture passes into the engine's combustion chambers where it is ignited by the sparking plugs. The combustion chambers are cylinders (usually four or six) , each containing a piston . When the vapour mixture is ignited, it expands and pushes the piston. The piston then turns the crankshaft, which turns the road wheels of the car. The pistons in each cylinder move in a repeated ,l-phase sequence (see diagram.) Brnm Sxru., Jur.v - Srmuarn t99s 3

These high-speed photographs show what actu- is too low, the engine may be diffi- cult to start and take a long time to ally happens in the combustion chamber of a warn up. If it is too high, the petrol cylinder when the airlpetrol vapour mixture enters and ignition takes place. will vaporise too easily and fuel vapor may form in the fueI line. I The first frame shows the mixture entering the This could cause the engine to stall combustion chamber. or run unevenly. Volatility also af- fects fuel economy and can influ- I The second shows the flame beginning to ence the build-up of engine emerSe. deposits.The rightvolatility changes I The third shows the flame clearly with the seasons, I The remaining four frames show the even Cleaning power spread of the flame through the whole chamber The relatively simple engines of the past could sometimes tolerate quite 4 BrRm Sxeu, Jur.v - Srmuarn r99s heavy levels of deposits. Today's more complex engines can only de- liver the better performance of which they are capable if they are kept virtually deposit-free. For in- stance fuel injectors, which are pre- cise fuel metering devices, are par- ticularly sensitive to even small amounts of deposit. To remove deposits, special deter- gents may be added to teh petrol. These detergents can also keep the inlet clean. As a result, fuel ecomony is improved, polluting emissions reduced and driveability enhanced. How refineries make petrol Petrol is produced by blending the output from several refinery proc- esses, each involving many differ- ent hydrocarbons - and thenby add- ing'additives' (usually at the distri- bution terminal). The refineries'basic raw mate- rial is cmde oil. It comes in a great variety of colours, viscosities and chemical combinations. Unforfu- nately, refineries cannot rely on be- ing able to choose the particular crude that best suits their purpose at any one time. They sometimes have to take whafs available. This'crude' variety is one of two major variables the refineries' have to handle. The other is even more critical - change in customer require- ment. The most dramatic recent

change has been the spectacular increase in demand for unleaded petrol . In addition, there rs the continuous upgrading needed to keep abreast of increasingly sophisticated engine design. Crudes in general Crude oils are made up of different combinations of hydrocarbons taken from three hydrocar- bon families - I Alkanes (paraffins) Alkanes make up the bulk of many crude oils. Theya re either straight chains (normal) or branched (iso). I Cyclo-alkanes (naphthenes) Cyclo-alkanes are alkanes joined up into rings. I Aromatics. These constitute about 107o of most crudes. They are also ringed but have relatively fewer hydrogens and hence different chemical properties to the cyclo-alkanes. Normal alkanes and cyclo-alkanes are not very suitable for inclusion in high-quality petrol as they have low octane numbers. In fact, only the aromatics and a small proportion of the highly branched iso-alkanes possess the required high octane quality. Simple or complex Since nature failed to include sufficient high octane hydrocarbons in crude oil, the refineries have to make their own. So-called \"simple\" refineries do this by separating the satisfactory lighter hydrocarbons and reforming the n-alkanes and cyclo-alkanes into iso-alkanes and aromatics. However, the amount of high quality petrol that can be produced by these techniques represents less than 20% of the barrel. Refineries turn crude oils into products thot meet commerciol ond environmentol requirements, Brnrrl SxnL, Jurv - Srpr:turaen tccs 5

\"Complex\" refineries apply a number of sophisticated upgrading processes which significantly increase the yield of petrol from crude oil. These include cracking (splitting heavier fractions), alkylation (combining lighter fractions) and isomerisation (iso-alkane production). In this way, around 35% of the barrel can be converted into high quality petrol. Other challenges Refineries have other challenges tomeet. Theyhave customers forhighqualitydiesel, fuel oil, aviation fuel, Iubricant base oils, chemical feedsto&s and bitumen. They have to pay running and raw material costs. And at the end of the day, they have to make a reasonable financial return on the capital they use. There is a further essential. Whatever else is done, the refining processes must have minimum effect on the environment. Emissions of every kind have to be neutralised/ minimised to meetboth official regulations and individual company policies. These become progressively stricter each year. Taking the petrol to the motorist Petrol like any other product, has no value unless it reaches the final user - and is used. But petrol poses a special problem. Its final users are highly mobile. They expect to find the petrol they need wherever they are in the country. If they don't find it, they cease to be mobile! Distributionfrom therefineryto the customervia the distribution terminal is the final link in the chain of activity that begins in an oil field probably thousands of miles away. The petrol that leaves the refinery is not necessarily the finished product. For instance, petrol produced at the refinery is not ready for sale to motorists until it has recieved its complement of specialist additives at one of the terminals strategically placed around the country. Thefinishedpetrol's journeybyroadtankerfromterminaltoservicestationdemandsgreat skill from road tanker drivers and those who plan the routes. Computers help by plotting itineraries that provide optimum safety and the shortest journey times (and make allowance for rush hour traffic and possible road works). There can be no excuses. If the petrol is not available when and where it is wanted, customers will look elsewhere. Petrol and the environment The petrol-driven car is far from being the worst polluter, but it is among the most vis- ible. Environmental groups have protested and governments have legislated. Car manu- facturers and oil companies have responded with product designs and formulations that reduce emissions significantly.There is still more to be done. Even an ideal engine is not good enough In an ideal engine, the combustion of hydro' carbon fuels would yield maximum mechani- cal energy, and leave only carbon dioxide (CO) and water (H20) as combustion prod- ucts. Water is harrrless environmentally, but CO2 is a greenhouse gas, the inevitable prod- uct of hydrocarbon combustion. So an ideal engine still has a major shortcoming. \"Accoding lo lhis, il's coming out cleoner lhon when it went in.\" Extraust emissions The internal combustion engine is unlikely ever to reach this \"ideal\" state. The mixing of petrol and air is less than ideal. The airlpetrol vapour mixture spends too little time in the combustion chamber for it to be fully burnl As a resr:lt, in addition to CO2, the engine 6 &meSnu, Jurv - Semurm trs

produces carbon monoxide (CO) together with hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen ofdes (NOx). Carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons are formed because of incomplete combus- tion of the fuel. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous. Unburnt hydrocarbons react in the presence of sunlight to form smog. Nitrogen oxides, formed as a result of nitrogen and oxygen reacting together in the combustion chamber, have been implicated in the formation of \"acid rain\". Controlling exhaust emissions A three-way catalytic converter, significantly reduces these three pollutants, CO, HC and NOx, converting them into comparatively harmless gases. Moreover, cars with catalytic converters can only use unleaded petrol (the lead would poison the catalyst), so there are no lead emissions either. Catalytic converters All petrol contains some sulphur which combustion converts to sulphur dioxide gas. In cars without catalysts this gas passes directly through the exhaust. In cars with a catalyst, it can react further to form hydrogen sulphide. This is detectable by its bad egg smell. Escape of hydrocarbons during transit or refuelling Volatile hydrocarbons can evaporate from vehicle fuel tanks and, to an extent, during bulk distribution and refuelling. Emissions from vehicles while in use can be controlled by the installationof canisters containing activated charcoal to absorb thefuelsystemvapours. Cuffs on filling hoses are also effective at controlling vapour escape while refuelling. Emissions during bulk distribution are collected and returned for reprocessing via vapour recovery units. What about COz ? The only anti-CO2 measure currently available for the vast majority of motorists is energy conservation. The oil companies' contribution is to blend more efficientpetrols. The motorists' contribution is to adopt energy-efficient driving habits (see box story). Safety on the forecourt Petrol and other products made from crude oil are potentially hazardous. The design and construction of all equipment and associated buildings and transport must accord with standards set and monitored by the regulatory authoritiei. Personnel are trained to handle any emergencies that may arise. Customers can help by taking the precautions indicated - such as switching off engines and \"no smoking\" at the pumps. @ How to get more kilometres out of every litre Many motorists can help themselves and the environment by taking simple economy measures, such as: I drive at 80 kph (50mph) instead of 120kph (75mph) I use higher gears whenever possible I use brakes and accelerators as gently as possible I adjust sparking plugs I tune the car to manufacturer's recommendations I use the right engine lubricant I clear unnecessary luggage from the boot (eg. golf clubs, baby stroller) I inflate tyres to the recommended pressures I replace cross-ply tyres with radials - but never mix them I correct wheel alignment I keep windows closed at high speeds I remove roof rack when not needed I use an air-foil or spoiler when towing aboat, trailer I plan your journey to avoid busy, congested areas I When cold starting it is most economical to warm up the engine on the move. Brnm Sreu., JurY - Semrr,rarn t99s 7

MALAYSI AN FABRI CATORS MOVE INTO MAJOR LEAEUE by Eddie Abdullah HSE concerns ,., At the beginning of the offshore oil and gas era in Malaysia, there were no local fabricators Soship stoff capable of constructing the offshore facilities required by the oil and gas companies. The looking through picture today is substantially different. There are now eight players in the game, all have posters fabricated facilities for the three producing oil and gas majors: Sarawak Shell Berhad /Sabah Shell Petroleum Co (SSB/SSPC), PETRONAS Carigali and Esso Production Malaysia Inc highlighting (EPMI). unsofe octs os The development of the oil and gas industry offshore Malaysia has largely benefited the port of the country. Thousands of Malaysians are now employed directly by the oil companies them- compony's drive selves, and thousands more are engaged in support industries. The industry has also aided for o sofe work the transfer of technology to the country, which is of significant importance in itself, but has ploce, also fuelled the building of internal expertise, and all in all has made major contribution to the nation's growth. Having benefited from both the technology transfer, as well as the development of in- house expertise, the fabricators are now not only capable of servicing the Malaysian oil and gas industry, but are flexing their muscles in looking for new markets in the region. 8 Brnrn SrrLL, JuLv - S:prgvaen tggs

The larger players, such as Malaysian Shipyard and Engineering Sdn. Bhd. (MSE), Sime Sembawang Engineering Sdn. Bhd. (SSE) and Sabah Shipyard Sdn. Bhd. (Saship), are compa- nies which have the ability to win major contracts externally, and they are also voicing their readiness to seek out such opportunities, and push the boundaries of their operations further afield. In spite of the fact that there will be still further developments in the future it is also the view of SSB/SSPC that the fabricators should look further afield, since the Malaysian oil and gas industry has essentially matured. Crowth, however, for these companies, will really require them to compete for, and win, contracts beyond their existing internal market. Logical move Eosy does itl Soboh Shipyord Are the fabricators ready to take on the competition worldwide, in order to secure the looding out piece of action in the region? Sorowok Shell's E1 1R-B plotform jimmy Chok, executive director of Labuan based Saship, certainly believes that his using its newly- company is ready to accept the challenge, and he cites, as one of the reasons for his confidence, instolled stote-of- the experience Saship has gained in working for Shell, and the skills and expertise thus wise the-orl'loodout developed. focilities. He believes that winning such contracts from Shell in the past, has allowed Saship to build up their skills and knowledge to rival the best in the business, and given Saship the Brprrl Sr+r, JuLv - SrprrMgen tcps 9

Shell site teom opportunity to develop itself into members of a progressive, innovative and SSE's Teluk Romunio yord, technically advanced company. reviewing Saship has no problems in seeing progress on the itself becoming one of the leading MI PO.A fabricators in the region, in the towering near future. substructure (behind them). Saship's history is almost They ploy o cruciol role in identical to some of the other fab- inculcoting the Shell work rication yards. It commenced culture in the oreos they operations inl972primarily, as a work in. joint-venture between Malaysian and Hong Kong investors. The company was then bought over by Sabah Foundation and the Sabah Economic Development Corporation. An expansion was then effected in 1979. Technical collaboration agreements were then signed with various foreign consultants. Since 1987, the yard's management team has comprised Malaysian personnel only. Saship's first large fabrication contract was a RM15 million gaslift platform deck awarded by Shell. Although this deck was by far the largest to be undertaken by Saship at that time, they nevertheless completed the project ahead of schedule. Chok, remembering those days, also remembers with pride, that the then SSB/SSPC Managing Director, Datuk Chris Knight, had some \"goodwords\" to say about Saship when he paid tribute to their performance at the completion of the work. Since those days, of course, Saship has grown significantly in status, and has subsequently won contracts from PETRONAS Carigali and EPMI, as well as from Shell. A question of time Over in Johor Bharu, another fabricators, MSE, has also been busy, and successful, in building up its fabrication expertise. By ]anuary this year, MSE had successfully completed over 50 packages of fabrication works for the various upstream operators in Malaysia. Their largest job to date, reports its ddputy chief executive officer, Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman, was Shell's D35 facilities contract, which was worth around RM60 million to the company. MSE is also a shipbuilding and repair yard, but they continue to view the fabrication business as an important aspe\"t of MSE'i future, and an activitywhich will continue to provide employment opportunities for the people of Pasir Gudang (at the moment, MSE employs some 5,000 personnel either directly or indirectly). On MSE future plans, Rahim stresses that they will be seeking out external markets, as well as still trying to win a share of the local contracts. With seven rivals on the scene, he felt this would be no easy task! On the regional scene, he feels that MSE is ready and capable to enter it, since the experience of fabricating many installations for the Malaysian market has given it the technology, expertise, skills, and confidence to do so. He views this expansion of horizons as providing MSE with important business opportunities for the future, and therefore a challenge which has to be faced. Also in Johor Bharu, and also eyeing the international market is SSE. SSE currently hus 2yards inJohore Bahru; one at Pasir Gudang, and the other in Teluk Ramunia. Incorporated in 1983, SSE secured its first offshore fabrication contract from Shell, when it fabricated the D18 MPA platform. The contract at that time was valued at RM16 million. To date, SSE has won 19 contracts, from various upstream operators, valued at some RM500 million. The biggest challenge for them, however, came with the award of the RM200 million 0I Brnrra Sxru, Julv - Srprri,rssn rgcs

Integrated Production Module, M3PQ-A, for the MLNG Dua project, from shell' foeighing in at 7,700 tonnes, this deck has gone into the record books as the largest integratJd pr\"oductionmodule tobebuilt in Asia, the first tobe installed inthe regionby a float oveimethod, and indeed, thefirst deck tobeinstalledbythe float over method in the open sea' AccordingtoWanKamaruddinWanAbdullah, SSB's site representative atPasirGudang, the M3pe-A ii an extremely good advertisement of SSE's capabilities. He believes that it can only enhance SSE's reputaiion as a competent fabricator for the oil and gas industry, both within, and out of MalaYsia Arshad Ahmad, SSi's general manager, attributes a lot of SSE's progress to the various contracts they have been awarded by Shell. Working within the Shell \"culture\" has also helped SSE in the contract to fabricate the MIpe-A sufi-structure at their Teluk Ramunia yard. Bartholomew ]ukui, Shell's site repre- it was SSE's familiarity with the Shell work culture which sentJive in this yard, recalls that success SSE also finished the project on within helped to make this project such a schedule and budget. ihis project has also enhanced SSE's reputation, since the.150m tall structure, weighing in at 10,000 metric tonnes, cannotbeviewed a1a smallundertakinginthe industry's reckoning. By winning such contracts over the years, Arshad points out that ssE has had the opportunity to-develop home-grown talent, which now fills positions from the management tea'm to the shop floor. Only a fEw are being non-Malaysian. SSE presently employs some 700 personnel direitly, with many more employed through its sub-contractors' Pre-requisite SSE's generol Arshad makes no secret of the fact that SSE's development has, to a significant extent, been monoger, helped by the work standards and contribution of She1l. This has enabled SSE to come close Arshod Ahmod to t:he stage where it can be viewed as a \"world class\" company. The stringent Health, Safety poinis out SSE's and Enviionmental conditions imposed by Shell, are also a fundamental element in trying to guiding preomble, win contracts overseas. its Quolity Similarly, MSE's, Rahim himself stresses, that, as well as sound HSE management, sound Monogement policy. Quality Management PrinciPles will also play a significant role in obtaining fu ture business, and this has resulted in MSE going for, and achieving, ISO 9000 accredi- tation. He views this achievement as critically important when battling for contracts in the \"major league\" with the big international PlaY- ers. \"That's the big message to our clients and Malaysians as a whole,\" points out Rahim, who has had thebenefit of working for Shell early in his career. The future Expansion of the yards over the years and further plans for the future show the MalaYsian fabri- cators, commitment to continue to grow. MSE at the moment has over 300 acres of land in Pasir Brnrre Snru., Jurv - Srnrug:n tcas I I

Gudang and 2.5 km of sea front. Saship fabrication capacity in Labuan is now 40,000 metric tonnes per year, and its new, state-of-art loadout facilities can handle structures as large as 12,000 metric tonnes. The SSE yard also in Pasir Gudang sits on 45 acres of land and it can handle jobs up to 23,0fi) metric tonnes at any one time. Its Teluk Ramunia yard, covers 80 acres and has a handling capacity of 35,000 metric tonnes. Projecting some confidence in the future, SSE is going ahead with the acquisition of a 6G acre sitenearCukaiinTerengganu, andplans to setup a third fabricationyard onthis sitewith an annual capacity of 25,000 metric tonnes. SSE Management sees the continued development of their Pasir Gudang and Teluk Ramunia facilities, and the setting up of the new yard in Cukai, as anindicationof their confidencein the future, and theirambition to winworkin the region and further afield in the Middle East. In fact, SSE has already completed jobs for Brunei Shell, Qatar General Petroleum Co., Agip, Chevron and Texaco, for China's oil and gas operations upstream. Above: Ton Ek Kio Turnkey, an emerging trend? SSB/SSPC'S Worldwide, the 'turnkey' (single contract) approach is gaining in appeal, over the monoging traditional approach of a client awarding and managing multiple contracts. The question is director feels the whether Malaysian fabricators are ready for turnkey contracts, or will this put on brakes their time is right for Moloysion overseas ambitions? fobricqtors to venture out. Arshad believes that SSE has the capability to undertake turnkey contracts. SSE has the backing of the Sime Group of Companies (in which there is also an oil and gas design house), Bottom: A bird's and already has an alliance with a European offshore installation contractor. eye view ... one of the notion's lorgest However, he does not think that, in the Far East, the industry is ready for the turnkey fobricotors, approach just yet. Sharing to SSE's view, Chok of Saship has no fear of the turnkey approach Lobuon-bosed if the future market favours this move. Saship, which has already a collaboration pack with Soboh Shipyord is a Norwegian contractor, is ready to tender on such a basis if the need arises. now octively pursuing regionol The Shell view of the Malaysian fabrication industry, is similar to that of the fabricators morkets. themselves. SSB/SSPC's Technical Director, Heng Hock Cheng, believes that the Malaysian fabricators now have the capability and the experience to search for work internationally. SSB/SSPC's Managing Director, Tan Ek Kia, himself added that \"Undoubtedly, embark- ing in the international market will demand much of the Malaysian fabricators' resources, and test their character. But until they are in it, they will never know how they measure up to the challenge\". When the Malaysian fabrication industry succeeds in exporting its expertise, Shell can take pride in the fact that it has contributed -towards this industry's progress, and therefore to the progress of the country as a whole. @ I2 Brnrn Snru, Jur.v - Semuarn rrs

CLIMBING EUNUNG CERAH by Lee Yu Kif Oderwasupinatreetopluckaflowerforhiswife,asa'kenangan',hesaid. So,whatdoes'gerah' A hiker gives on mean, I asked from the base of the tree. He gestured behind me, at the clinging whips of the ideo of scole to fine rattan that had ripped, tripped and slowed us down over the last day and a half. o clump of lorge bomboo, \"Itu rotan gerah\" ,he said, but the orang asli believe that mountains are created with names already given, their \"nqma semulajadi\". We were on the flank of Gunung Gerah, in the heartland of Peninsula Malaysia, in some of the most rugged, untouched terrain in the country. This was in the midst of the Main Range, the Banjaran Titiwangsa, the spinal column of Malaysia which separates east from west, regulates rainfall patterns and is the source of most of the main river systems in the country. We had started the trip proper two days earlier, but the journey begun much earlier in our minds, with planning, writing in for per- mission and arranging for the logistics of trans- port, food and guides. From the Temenggor Dam, we took a speed- boat to the southernmost point of the lake, to a remote orang asli village called Fort Kemar, so named for the Army post maintained there in the bad old days when the CPM (Communist PartyOf Malaysia) made jungle-bashing ahaz- ardous occupation to your health. Orang asli (indigenous peoples) were gathered from the deep jungle and resettled in the village, ironi- cally a dusty and blasted place in the midst of some of the most beautiful rainforests in the world. At the lake's edge, we'd prearranged for four wheel-drive transport to the village, where we met our guides, a couple of tall, thin and charismatic orang asli of the Temiar tribe, re- lated to each other and both going by the name of Oder. We repacked our rucksacks and had our transport drop us off the edge of a newly- planted Felda rubber estate, at the fringe of the jungle, where after a late lunch, we hauled our rucksacks onto our backs and trudged into the gloomy understorey of the towering jungle. It was a long and gruelling trek to Oder's village, a tall ridge away on the banks of the Sg. Temenggor, through regenerative forests of Brnm Srerr, JuLv - Ssprrugrn rccs I 3

Above: Oder, the dense bamboo, earlier cleared for cultivation. 'orong osli' guide, shows off We emerged six hours later, rubber-kneed, at some bundles of Oder's ancestral village, stopping along the groin drying in way to say hello to Penghulu Gladys, an eld- erly and thoroughly charming man wearing a the sun. loincloth. He was the headman of Kampung Bottom: Bubu, or Sumba, a small village of a few families scat- fishing trops ore tered in the river valley of the Sg. Temenggor, lowered into the river to ccrtch fish. here a broad, crystalline stream of tingling water gushing over a bed of large stones. Oder's house was made of flattered bam- boo strips, with a thatched roof, raised on wooden stilts in a field of golden marigold flowers. In front he had the river, incessanfly murmuring, from which the opposite bank rose, forest-clad, to a blue ridge of hills, and behind, the cleared fields ofhisladangled to the dense, primeval jungle. Upstream, there was no human habitation, and if you walked up- stream far enough along the old asli trails, you would fall off the edge of Perak into Kelantan. His house had a fireplace inside and was sparsely furnished with a bamboo cot, but I envied him. We camped that night near the house, and watched as the sun sank quickly behind the ridge, throwing the valley into gloom. It was chilly, but the night sky was clear and dusted with the cold light of countless stars. The next morning, we started after break- fast, turning our backs on the lovely valley with its golden fields and muttering river, and climbed into the ladangs , coming across a lean-to where we saw sheaves of a grain rirhich Oder said was an ancestral food, older than rice (millet?) and cultivated by hiJpeople for many generations. - T!\" _tgrtuh began to climb, and presently we were in jungle, with its damp smell and. dappled light, and tall trees soaring away towards an unseen sk/far above the foliage. All this wa1 unlogged land, unsullied by man, and much as it was million of years ago. T;here were 5 of us besides the two Oders, and we were venfuring into terrain *h\"re eve-n they had not been. The otang asli does not climb mountains on hisbwn; it is cold and there is no game or rattan to collect, and the terraln and vegetation is foreign to him. We would be climblng into submontane forests, where the appearance and species of trees are different from loritand equatorial jungle. Oder cleared the trail ahead, the thunkof his parang echoing through the jungle. I could sometimes pickup the whiff of sweetishhome-grown tobacco that he smoked, as-he walked, barefoot, in the tireless manner of o rang asli, pauiiog no\", and then to pick up a fruit to nibble like a squirrel. We came eventually to the Sg. Age( a flowing stream of crystal that glinted and shimmered in the filtered shafts of sunlight. The terrain flattened out aithough w-e were at an elevation of over four thousand feet. The absence of man's influence was obrious. There were plenty of animal spoor here. We came across fresh droppings of sun-bear, as well as their scraPe marks on trees. There was plenty of dinner-plite sized depressions - elephant footprints - as well as their distinctive dung balls, and in muddy patches, plenty of tracks. We saw a set that looked like, but wasn't tapils, and which Oder said was the rarest of beast, the rhinoceros's. 14 Brnna Sx:r.r, Jur.v - Srmuarn rgps

When one of us tripped and fell, Oder Above: Close to would intone \"Buknn gunung mahu kita, the villoge, o lorge spider hongs kita mahu gunung\". Orang asli have a suspended in the different view of things, and timing and centre of its web. schedules mean little to them. You sleep where you are when night falls, it's irrel- Bottom: The evant how far away your destination is; you walk until you get there, you eat Sungoi when you are hungry, and being lost Temenggor, o means nothing: you are at wherever you brood cleor river are. City-dwellers could learn a thing or which eventuolly droins into the two from them. Temenggor loke, We stopped for lunch by a splashing stream where we could refill, and found to our surprise that both Oders had a yen for cheese, which is unusual arr.oflgorang asli. Both of them had served with the British military during the Emergency period and had come to acquire a taste for white man's food. Towards dusk, we came into terrain unfamiliar to the orang asli, where we would have to depend completely on our maps and compass. The jungle here was less dense, with small trees, and the ter- rain was flattish. It was chilly and dark- ness was beginning to gather beneath the trees. The path had become indistinct, and we decided to make camp, finding a suitable spot beside a stream that was too icy-cold to bathe in. This was the embry- onic Sg. Agek, which rose from the flank of Gunung Gerah itself. The two Oders declined to share our tent, perhaps noticing that neither my friend nor I had bathed since we started the trip. They quickly threw up a lean-to, using fronds for a bed, and built a small fire which they kept smouldering all night, to fend off the cold, and curious animals: the sun-bear, through the smallest bear in the world, can make mincemeat of a human. The next morning, we packed enough provisions for the day, and leaving camp intact and unattended, started off early for the mountain. The air was dry and chilly, and the jungle, beautiful and quiet. A few minutes out, we came to an old campsite beside the mossy bed of a dry river. Another party had camped here 2 years earlier: Oder's son had been a guide in that expedition, and he had died a year ago from malaria. This was the first time Oder was retracing his son's footsteps. The terrain climbed very steeply into mossy forest, where the trees were small and gnarled, and wore a shaggy coat of damp green moss, often trailing long beards of wet vegetation. Underfoot, spaghnum moss made for walking as on a padded carpet, and orchids and rhododendrons provided patches of pale colour. The air was dry and chilly, and we gained a ridge, the main ridgeline leading to the mountain peak. Through breaks in the jungle, we caught glimpses of forest-shrouded hills marching unbroken into the distance, or flat patches where there was a town, or the ugly red scars of logging roads on hills. There were traces of the o1d path, with calloused marks on trees where the previous party I5Benrra Sxru, Jur.v - SEprerusen rccs

had make markings on the trail. Oder told us not to remove anything as a gesture of respect to the moun- tain, a code of ethics we always observe. We were at an elevation of six-thousand plus feet, and perhaps it was the silence, or the view of blue mountainranges stretch- ing away, or the strange vegetation of bearded trees, bent and misshapen as aged men;butitbecame easy to understand whyhigh and isolated places such as these are often held as sacrosanct. We turned a corner, and unexpectedly in front of us, was the trigonometric station. We stood on the summit of Gunung Gerah, 2,103 metres, almost 7 thousand feet, above sea level, in the heart of the country. Written on the inside of the trigonometric station, which is a pyramid of metal sheets, were the names of people who had come before us, some dating back as far as the 1960s. Oder's son's name was also written there. We started back down, with Oder unerringly find- ing his way back along the ridge, and we descended sharply, from the cool and airy climes of the mountaintops, into the dense and dankunderstorey of primary forest, and finally, back to our camp. Starting off the next morning with dawn still clung to the sky, and the mist unfolding in giant skeins from the valley, we retraced our steps. i asked Oder how he could recognise the country, since he had last been this way in search of game over five years ago. He replied The Sungoi that he recognised the trees: I looked around and saw a homogenous confusion of jungle. Agek. o cleor, shollow streom is The way back was very quick, being downhill most of the way. Our rucksacks were lighter, o tributory of the Sungoi and we were buoyed by the knowledge of our success. We came back to Oder's village, Temenggor, Kampung Sumba, in its paradise-like setting, a little after lunchtime. We had planned to spend the night there before attempting the climb over the ridge back out towards Fort Kemar, but decided to push on anyway, stopping by Penghulu Glady's house to pass him some canned food, which he seemed to have no idea what to do with. To know that there are wild places in Peninsula Malaysia still where people had never opened a can of food was marvellous. As the sun dipped lower in the western sky, we walked faster, sending one Oder ahead to the village at an orang asll walking pace, while we continued plodding on. A the sun sank over the horizon, we emerged from the night of the forest, into the clearing of the Felda rubber estate. We had walked 11 hours that day, covering 20km on the map, and descending some 4500ft since the morning. We could finally pull off our boot to see if our soleprints hadn't been erased from friction. The night wore on, and stars appeared overhead. There was no water to cook from, and we were too tired to even think of walking out of the estate to the village, so we marshalled the water in our water bottles and shared a packet of Maggi mee among the six of us, later dozing off in the cool night. Oder, we concluded, hadn't been able to summon the four wheel-drive to pick us up. At 10pm, we roused ourselves and looked about for a suitable site to pitch our tents among the rows of rubber trees, when we noticed, far away, a couple of lights dipping and rising. It disappeared around a corner, then reappeared again, resolving itself into the headlights of a fouiwheel-drive coming our way. @ 6I Brnrrn SxrLl, Jur-y - SrprrN,tsrn t99s

USA of a 517o shareholding of the Colombo Gas Company Ltd. A Sale Commerciolisoiion of new PolYmer and Purchase Agreement will be executed in November. In May, Shell Chemical Company armounced the commercialisa- This acquisition by Shell would represent the first privatisa- tion of a new poll'rner, Corterra, a poly trimethylene terephthalate (PTT) which has the chemical resistance characteristics of polyester tion of a public utilityby the Peoples Alliance Governmentled by and the elastic recovery of nYlon. HE Chandrika Banadaranaike Kumaratunge. Shell Group will acquire, for US$37 million (Sri Lankan Rupees 1.939 billion), a Available in the second quarter of 1996, Shell initally plans to majority holding of 51% and plans to invest US$040million for market Corterra Polymer to the textile and carpet markets for both staple and continuous filament products. Among PTT's most at- u r,\"* ipc t\".-ioal and pipeline, and a further US$10 million to traitive features are strain resistance, elastic recovery, continu- ously printable and dyeable, colourfast against UV light & ozone up- g*rade existing facilities. in Sri Lanka since 1917 and has been Shell has been operating and recyclable. Altirough the advantages of PPT over polyester and nylon mainly concerned with the marketing of lubricants and chemi- have been known for years, PPT was never commercialised due to cals. non-availability of a lowcost raw material. Overcoming this obsta- cle, Shell will produce its own using a new proprietary process' UK Shell sets deepwoier record Shell exponds Benelux network In May,Shell Exploration & Production, wholly ownedbyShellOil In October, Shell took over 76 Elf service stations in Belgium and Company, announced plans to develop a large natural gas discov- Luxembourg - expanding its European fuel card network' The ery more than a mile deep in the Gulf of Mexico. The \"Mensa\" acquisition gives EuroShell cardholders access to the largest project in 5,400 feet of water will exceed the existing world record for deepwater production by almost 2,000 feet. *oio.*ry network in Belgium. It also increases the number of Productionwillbeginin 1997andis expectedtoyield about300 Shell service stations offering electronic hansactionprocessing in million cubic feet of gas per day. The field is wholly owned by Shell Belgium to 500 and the total across Europe to over 10,700. Offshore Inc. Mensa will be a subsea development project with up to four wells located on the seafloor and connected by flowlines to The acquisition will strengthen Shell's position in the region' a platform 68 miles away. The 68-mile connection will be the Valid at over 12000 service stations in 30 European countries, the world's longest and willbe a technologicalbreakthroughinlinking EuroShell card enables fleet oPerators to control fuel costs. hr deepwater fields to existing production infrastructure. addition, companies can choose optional facilities to pay for and Shell discoverd Mensa in7987 about 140 miles southeast of control the costs of oif repairs, accommodation and European New Orleans in the Mississippi Canyon. Ultimate recovery from the field is estimated at 720 billion cubic feet of natural gas. road tolls and taxes. Amoco & Shell onnounce unprecedented porinership Publicotion In October , Amoco and Shell Oil announced plans to form a limited Shell Chemicols issue firsl extemol HSE report partnership combining E & P assets in the greater Permian Basin area of West Texas and Southeast New Mexico. Open reporting of the chemical industry's environmental per- formance is an imPortant element of the chemical industry's Ownership in the new company will be 65% Amoco andS\\Vo Shell, based on the value of assets contributed and ongoing discus- Responsible Care programme. sions regarding design, management and operation of the com- A new publication, Shell ChemialsHmhh, Safe$ A Enoiron- pany. Start up of the partnership is expected by mid-1996. ment - AProgress Reporl marks the first attempt to provide sector This is the first time two oil majors are forming a merger that will combine assets over an entire US geologic basin. The partner- inf ormation collectivelY. ship will make the comPany the third largest US independant oil The report's PurPose is to demonstrate the commitment of company in terms of production' Amoco and Shell employ 1,300 Shell Chemicals to continuous HSE commihrent. It outlines some p\"opte it the Permian basin which produces 210,000 barrels of of the systems and procedures usedbyShell companies and cites irude and 250 million gross cubic feet per day of natural gas and of significant HSE improvements that the chemicals yields about 33,000 bpd of natural gas liquids. b\"xuasminepsiesses areichieving at each stage in the life cycle of their Austrolio products. These data comprise consolidated statistics from 61 Shell Shell commits to greenhouse proglomme chemicals manufacturingandprocessinglocationsin19countires, In October 1995, Shell Australia Limited committed its participa- as well as those of 65 marketing companies in 47 countries' tion in the \"Greenhouse Challenge\" - a voluntary cooperative SPeech agreements programmebetween industry and the Australian Gov- Fulure susloinoble energy suPPlY In October, ]ohn Jennings, Chairman of The \"Shell\" Transport ernment. and Trading Company, plc and a Group Managing Director The agreement will involve the quantification, monitoring and addressed the 16th World Energy Council Congress in Tokyo on reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from Shell's activities. Shell's agreement will focus on the pursuit of economically viable policies 'Future Sustainable EnergY SUWIY' . and measures which improve energy efficienry (thereby reducing the greenhouse gas emissions per unit of production). In summary, he said that the availability of sufficient energy Shell is evaluating past inventories and likely future green- at affordable prices is vitally important if the vision of sustainable house gas emissions, identifying measures which can form Shell's future emission monitoring, abatement and action plan reporting. developmeni- in which the lot of mankind is graduallyimproved A cooperative agreement for government suPPort is likely to be withouiundue damage to theworld's ecosystem- is tobe achieved. ready by mid-1996. Oil, natural gas and coalwill makeanimportant contribution Sri Lonkq for many years 1o come, but renewable sources of energy will have to piay an increasingly important role in the future. The Mojor inveslmenl in LPG development of new energy sources is complementary to ad- Shell Overseas Investments BV announced in October that it is planning an investment in a liquid petroleum gas (LPG) business lrrrr\"ur^i, the developement and use of these established fossil in Sri Lanka. This follows the Sri Lankan government's acceptance fuels and the world will need as many energy options as possible. Sufficient energy to suPPort sustained economic growth can be provided - at an acceptable cost and in an environmentally responsible manner - provided we maintain free energy markets in which inventiveness, competition and productivity are en- couraged and rewarded and maintain decision making systems based\"on honesty, objectivity and rational debate. @ Brnrl Snru., Jutv - SeprrMasn 1995 I 7

SHELT TAUNCHES FIVE SELECT STORES work without lost time accident as its next safety mile- She1l MarketingCompanies launched five premium con- stone and is confident that it can be reached by December venient stores, called SELECT, in five of its petrol stations NINE YEARS ACCIDENT.FREE AT TUTONG REFINERY in the Klang Valley over a weekend in June. The simultaneous launches were aimed at raising the Some 103 Shell staff and 50 contractor staff working in the Lutong refinery celebrated nine years of injury-free op- awareness of the respective residential communities on erations in March. The next target is obvious - 10 years, the convenient and wide-ranging shopping facilities avail- loss-time injury (LTI)-free, in the refinery with a contin- able at Shell petrol stations. This revolutionises the con- ued period of safe operations. cept of neighbourhood shopping by providing both mo- In the Shel1 tradition, management threw a thank you toring and non-motoring customers a convenient one- stop meal, shopping and entertainment centre. (Some celebration for all staff and mementoes were presented to SELECT stores operate on 24-hours.) all staff and contractors to mark the occasion. Since its introduction in Malaysia in 7994, SELECT SHELL CO-SPONSORS ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE has proven to be very popular. SELECT is Shell's interna- Shell co-sponsored the inaugural Global500 Forum Con- tional brand name for its global chain of convenience ference in October 1995. RM25,000 was presented to the stores.The launches were much in line with the compa- ny's plans to expand its convenience store network to conference organisers by Shell executive director, Nizar more Shell stations. Idris who said that Health, Safety and the Environment (HSE) are subjects close to the company's heart and that MING.DUA GAS SALES AGREEMENT SEALED the conference on environmental excellence is vital in The MLNG-Dua Gas Sales Agreement between upstream motivating action to safeguard the environment. gas sellers, PETRONAS, Sarawak Shell Berhad (SSB) and Petronas Carigali to MLNG-Dua Sdn Bhd as the buyers This initiative demonstrates the company's coopera- was signed in May. The agreement was for gas supply tion with industry, government and NGOs to promote obligation for a period of 20 years at a plateau of 2.8 sustainable development and complements our ongoing million tonnes per annum. efforts to protect the environment. The event marked a milestone in the MLNG-Dua A Shell paper entitled \"Environmental Management project as the agreement was completed in almost the same week that the first MLNG-Dua cargo was des- in Shell\" was presented by G T Tan, Shell's HSE coordina- patched. Negotiations on the agreement took two years tor at the one-day seminar which was organised by the involving six parties, namely PETRONAS, Carigali and SSB (as sellers) and Petronas, Shell Gas and Mitsubishi as Business Council for Sustainable Development in Malay- the buyer. sia (BCSDM). SAMM ACCREDITATION FOR KUCH'NG tAB SHETL SPONSORS KUARI ASIA '95 The Kuching Luboil Blending ptant (KLOBP) created history in April when it became the first Malaysian lubri- Shell Marketing sponsored the inaugural Kuari Asia '95 cating oil blending plant tobe awarded the Skim Akreditasi Makmal Malaysia or SAMMby the Standards, Industrial exposition held in September in Kuala Lumpur. Shell was and Research Insitute of Malaysia (SIRIM). the official fuels and lubricants sponsor. SAMM is the highest quality award granted to tabo- The support for Kuari Asia'95 represents Shell's long ratories in recognition of their competency in analysis, term commitment to the quarry and infrastructure indus- calibration an overall management. The SAMM accredi- tries in Malaysia. Shell has long been associated with the tation places KLOBP on an equal footing with other industry as a supplier of fuels and lubricants and is accredited laboratories worldwide. This achievementfol- committed to the industry's healthy and responsible de. velopment. lows another milestone in March 1990 when KLOBP Marketing director Tan Heong Ming presented a pa- became the first Luboil blending plant in Malaysia to be per entitled \"Fuelling Infrastructure Growth\" to some 300 accredited with ISO 9002. participants. It was an opportunity for the participants to obtain an overview of the oil market as fuels and lubri- NEW SAFEry MIESTONE DOWNSTREAM cants supply make up a substantial part of quarry opera- Shell staff and contractors celebrated their achievement tions. of a new safety record - 5 million manhours worked CHANGES AT THE HELM without a lost time accident - on 14 ]une. This safety milestone by Shell Supply and Marketing was contrib- In a series of company and community farewells and uted by 4200 staff and contractors working over a period of seven months without a lost time accident. welcoming introductions in July to Shell first couples, the Knights and the company's first Malaysian chairman, This safety performance su{passes its previous best record of 3 million manhours worked without a lost time Megat Zaharuddin Megat Mohd Nor respectively; staff nationwide paid tribute to the outgoing chairman and incident in March 1.99'1. In recognition of the safety pledged support to his successor. record, then chairman Chris Knight presented the Shell International Petroleum Corp safety plaque to Christian Datuk Chris Knight, then chairman of Shell will be Balmes, managing director Shell Downstream. The achievementwas attributed to the superb achievement of best remembered as a fine leader whose stewardship has concerted efforts and high level of commitment by both staff and contractors towards ensuring safe work prac- broken new grounds and chartered unknown frontiers. tices. Some of these achievements include the gigantic MLNG Shell marketing is targetting 10 million manhours Dua gas project, the Kebabangan gas discovery and the I8 Brnm Sxru., Jur.v - SeprsMsre tccs securing of a new PSC for deepwater block SB-G offshore Sabah. Armed with strong personal attributes and coupled with his vast experience from crosspostings overseas, Megat Zaharuddin (or Encik Din as he is popularly known) is expected to rise to the challenge and steer the comp' any to even greater heights. @

PROFAIL MINYAK PETROL Minyak pefrol adalah merupokan produk yang fidak dilihat, Pemandu Moloysia secara purafa membelonjakan sehingga RM1440,00 sefahun untuk minyak petrol, fefapi tidak pernah melihafnya, la disalurkan ferus doripado pam ke dalam fongki kerefo, Nomun, seperti yang kifa semua ketahui, tanpa minyak petroL kehidupan akan ferhenti, Memperkenalkan minyak petrol Petrol adalah satu-satunya produk paling penting yang dihasilkan daripada minyak mentah. Kira-kira satu pertiga daripada minyak mentah yang dikeluarkan diproses menjadi petrol. Ia juga merupakan satu-satunya bahan api pengangkutan yang paling penting. Lebih separuh daripada semua jarak perjalanan kenderaan bermotor adalah dengan kenderaan yang menggunakan minyak petrol. Permintaan bagi minyak diesel, satu lagi bahan api utama pengangkutan, kurang daripada separuh jumlah minyak petrol. Kini terdapat lebih400 juta kenderaan di dunia yang menggunakan hampir 3000 juta liter minyak petrol setiap hari, lebih separuh daripadanya tanpa plumbum. Lebih kurang 35 juta kereta baru dikeluarkan setiap tahun dan permintaan bagi minyak petrol di seluruh dunia terus meningkat. Produk yang kompleks Minyak petrol diadun daripada beberapa 'komponen' yang berlainan, sebahagian besarnya hidrokarbon, iaitu lebih 300 daripadanya, serta pelbagai bahan tambah atau aditif. Di antaranya termasuk bahan cuci, bahan anti pengoksidaan dan lain-lain bahan kimia untuk meningkatkan lagi pencapaian minyak petrol. Harapan yang tinggi Kebanyakan pemandu tidak begitu menghiraukan tentang minyak petrol, tetapi kesemuanya mengharapkan minyak petrol yang mereka beli memberikan yang terbaik untuk enjin mereka. Pemandu mahukan prestasi yang memuaskan daripada kenderaan masing-masing. Mereka mahukan enjin dihidupkan dengan sekali cuba, pecutan yang lancar, penjimatan minyak dan hayat enjin yang panjang. Dan akhir sekali, minyak petrol moden mesti mengurangkan keluaran asap. Kecemerlangan yang dihendaki Untuk memenuhi harapan yang tinggi ini, minyak petrol mestilah memberikan kecemerlangan dalam tiga ciri asasnya, iaitu kualiti oktana, kemeruapan dan kuasa pembersihan. Kecemerlangan ini memerlukan kemahiran dan tenaga beribu-ribu pakar, yang bekerja di makmal dan kilang-kilang penapis di seluruh dunia. Mereka boleh menggunakan pelbagai teknik analisis serta pengalaman amali dan kefahaman saintifik yang terkumpul selama lebih kurang 100 tahun, malah sejak kemunculan'minyak petrol'pertama. Bsnrre Sxar, Jurv - Srprruarn rcas I 9

Apa yang petrol lakukan dalam enjin Petrol dipam dari tangki minyak ke dalam karburator di mana ia dicampur dengan udara dan menjadi wap. Campuran wap ini masuk ke dalam ruang pembakaran enjin di mana ia dinyalakan oleh palam pencucuh. Ruang pembakaran adalah merupakan silinder (biasanya empat hingga enam), setiap satu mengandungi omboh. Apabila campuran wap dinyalakan, ia mengembang dan menolak omboh, kemudian memusingkan aci engkol,yang seterusnya memutarkan roda kereta. Omboh dalam setiap silinder bergerak dalam jujukan 4-fasa berulang (lihat gambar rajah di ms 3). lnjop ekzos lniop solur mosuk dimono gos yong teloh dimono kuontiti berkembong, yong cukup bogi di keluorkqn. compuron wop ongin/petrol Ronggo pembokoron diperkenolkon ke opobilo dolom ronggo pembokoron. compuron wop yong dinyolo, io Polom pencucuh l mengembong yong menyolokon i dengon pontos, ] sehinggo menolok wop, omboh. Omboh Rod rongkoi yong dimono tenogo memindqhkon berpindoh dori pengembongon omboh ke ochi- tenogo compuron engkol. wop ongin/petrol yong bernyolo ke rod rongkoi, Selindel Biosonyo sqtu dori empot otou enom. Achi-engkol menukorkon tenogo bogi memutorkon rodo kereto. Apakah yang diperlukan oleh minyak petrol yang baik. Kualiti oktana Apabila nisbahpemampatan sesuatu enjin itu semakin tinggi, maka ia semakin menjimatkan petrol dan kuasa yang dikeluarkan pun lebih tinggi. Darjah tahap mana nisbah pemampatan boleh ditingkatkan adalah apabila tiba 'knock' atau ketukan. daya sesejenis bahan api menahan ketukan dinyatakan dari segi nilai oktana pada skala nombor 0 hingga 100. Lebih tinggi nilai oktana, maka lebih kuatlah daya menahan ketukan. 20 Bsnrn Snru., Jur.y - SeprrMssn r99s

Daya meruap Untuk membentuk satu campuran yang mudah membakar apabila bercampur dengan udara, minyakpetrol mestilahmudahmeruap dengan cukup. Jika daya meruap terlalu rendah, enjin mungkin sukar dihidupkan dan memakan masa yang lama untuk menjadi wap dan wap minyak akan membentuk pada garisan minyak. Ini akan menyebabkan enjin terhenti ataupun berjalan tersentak-sentak. Daya meruap juga memberi kesan kepada penjimatan minyak dan boleh menyebabkan penambahan anapan enjin. Daya meruap yang tepat berubah mengikut musim. Kuasa membersih Enjin-enjinyang tidak canggihpada masa lampau kadangkalaboleh menahani paras enaPan yang berat. Enjin-enjin hari in yang lebih kompleks hanya boleh memberikan prestasi lebih baik pada keupayaannya jika ia bebas daripada sebarang enapan. Misalnya alat penyuntik minyak, iaitu alat untuk mengukur permeteran minyak secara tepat adalah sangat peka kepada timbunan enapan walaupun ia hanya sedikit. Untuk memisahkan enapan, bahan-bahan pencuci khas boleh ditambah kepada minyak petrol. Bahan-bahan ini boleh juga menjaga saluran masuk supaya sentiasa bersih. Akibatnya, minyak dapat dijimatkan lagi, pengeluaran asap yang mencemar alam sekitar dapat dikurangkan dan daya pemanduatkan dapat dipertingkatkan. Gambar-gambar kelajuan tinggi (lihat ms. 4) ini menunjukkan apa yang sebenarnya berlaku dalam ruang pembakaran silinder apabila campuran wap udara/petrol masuk dan bernyala. I Kerangka pertama menunjukkan campuran itu memasuki ruang pembakaran I Kedua menunjukkan api mula menyala I Ketiga menunjukkan api menyala dengan jelas I Empat kerangka selebihnya menunjukkan api merebak dengan rata dalam seluruh ruang pembakaran. Bagaimana loji penapis membuat petrol Minyak petrol dihasilkan dengan mengadunkan keluaran daripada beberapa proses penapisan, setiap satu membabitkan banyak hidrokarbon yang berlainan, dan kemudian dengan mencampurkan 'aditif' (biasanya di terminal pengedaran). Bahan mentah asas kilang penapis ialah minyak mentah, yang diperolehi dalam pelbagai warna, kelikatan dan campuran kimia. Malangnya, kilang-kilang penapis tidak boleh memilih minyak mentah tertentu yang paling sesuai dengan keperluan mereka pada satu- satu masa yang ditetapkan. Ada kalanya mereka terpaksa menerima apa sahaja yang ada. Kepelbagaian'minyak mentah'ini adalah salah satu daripada dua masalah yang perlu ditangani oleh penapis. Yang satu lagi lebih kritikal, iaitu perubahan keperluan pelanggan. Perubahan terbaru dan paling dramatik ialah permintaan yang meningkat bagi minyak petrol tanpa plumbum. Di samping itu, kualitinya sentiasa perlu ditingkatkan untuk disesuaikan dengan reka bentuk enjin yang semakin canggih. Minyak mentah secara umum Minyak mentah mengandungi kombinasi hidrokarbon yang berlainan, berasal daripada tiga keluarga hidrokarbon: I Alkana (parafin) - Alkana adalah sebahagian besar daripada kandungan kebanyakan minyak mentah, sama ada berantai lurus (normal) atau bercabang (iso) I Siklo-alkana (naftena) - Siklo-alkana adalah alkana yang bercantum menjadi gelang I Aromatik. Ia merangkumi kira-kira 1,0Vo daripada kebanyakan minyak mentah. Ia juga bergelang tetapi mengandungi sedikit hidrokarbon dan dengan demikian mempunyai ciri- ciri kimia yang berlainan daripada siklo-a1kana. Alkana dan siklo-alkana biasa tidak begitu sesuai untuk dimasukkan ke dalam minyak petrol bermutu tinggi kerana ia mengandungi bilangan oktana yang rendah. Malah, hanya aromatik dan sebahagian kecil daripada iso-alkana bercabang memiliki kualiti oktana tinggi yang dikehendaki. 2lBrnrre Srru., Jurv - SrprrMaen tccs

Mudah atau kompleks Oleh kerana hidrokarbon oktana tinggi yang secukupnya tidak terdapat secara semula jadi dalam minyak mentah, kilang penapis terpaksa membuatnya sendiri. Kilang penapis \"mudah\" membuatnya dengan memisahkan hidrokarbon lebih ringan yang memuaskan dan menukar n-alkana dan siklo-alkana menjadi iso-alkana dan aromatik. Bagaimanapun, jumlah minyak petrol bermutu tinggi yang boleh dihasilkan oleh teknik- teknik ini merangkumi kurang 207o daripada tong minyak mentah. Kilang penapis \"kompleks\" menggunakan beberapa proses yang canggih untuk meningkatkanpengeluaranminyakpetroldaripadaminyakmentah. Initermasukpemecahan (memecahkan pecahan lebih berat), pengalkilan (menggabungkan pecahan-pecahan lebih ringan) dan pengisomeran (pengeluaran iso-alkana). Dengan cara ini, kira-kira 35Vo daripada tong minyak boleh ditukar menjadi minyak petrol berkualiti tinggi. Cabaran-cabaran lain Kilang penapis terpaksa menghadapi cabaran-cabaran lain. Mereka mempunyai pelanggan minyak diesel bermutu tinggi, minyak bahan api, minyak kapal terbang, minyak berasaskan pelincir, bahan kimia untuk makanan ternakan dan bitumin. Mereka terpaksa membayar kos pengendalian dan bahan mentah. Dan akhir sekali, mereka terpaksa mendapatkan pulangan kewangan yang berpatutan daripada modal yang mereka gunakan. Selain daripada faktor-faktor di atas, terdapat satu lagi faktor penting yang semakin mendapat perhatian, iaitu keselamatan alam sekitar. Biar apapun yang dilakukan, proses penapisan mestilah tidak menjejaskan keselamatan alam sekitar. Segala jenis asap mesti dineutralkan/dikurangkan untuk mematuhi peraturan rasmi yang ditetapkan dan dasar syarikat individu. Peraturan ini menjadi se*alin ketat setiap tahun. Membawa petrol kepada pemandu Seperti produk lain, minyak petrol tidak bernilai kecuali apabila ia sampai kepada pengguna dan digunakan. Tetapi penggunanya sentiasa bergerak dan mereka mahukan minyak petrol didapati dengan mudah di mana sahaja mereka berada di negara ini. Jika mereka tidak mendapatnya, mereka tidak dapat bergerak! Pengedaran dari kilang penapis ke pelanggan melalui terminal pengedaran adalah peringkat terakhir dalam rangkaian aktiviti yang bermula di telaga minyak beratus-ratus batu, mungkin beribu-ribu batu jauhnya. Minyak petrol yang meninggalkan kilang penapis bukan semestinya produk yang telah siapsepenuhnya. Sebagaicontoh,minyakpetrolyangdikeluarkandilojipenapisbelumboleh dijual kepada pemandu sehinggalah ia dicampur aditif pelengkap di salah sebuah terminal yang terletak di tempat-tempat straiegik di seluruh negara. Perjalanan terakhir minyak petrol dengan lori tangki melalui jalan raya dari terminal ke stesen servis memerlukan kemahiran yang tinggi daripada pemandu lori tangki dan mereka yang merancangkan perjalanan. Komputer turut digunakan untuk membantu merancangkan jadual perjalananbagi menjamin keselamatan dan laluan paling singkat (dengan mengambil kira waktu kesesakan lalu lintas dan kerja-kerja pembinaan jalan). Jika minyak petrol tidakboleh didapatibila dan di mana ia dikehendaki, pelanggan akan mencari di tempat lain. Minyak petrol dan alam sekitar Kereta yang menggunakan minyak petrol bukanlah punca utama pencemaran alam sekitar. Tetapi oleh kerana ia adalah di antara yang paling jelas dilihat, kumpulan-kumpulan alam sekitar membantah dan kerajaan terpaksa merangka undang-undang. Pengeluar kertas dan syarikat minyak terpaksa merekabentuk produk dan menghasilkan formula yang dapat mengurangkan asap. Banyak lagi yang masih boleh dilakukan. Enjin yang ideal sekalipun ada kelemahan Penggunaanenjinyangidealsekalipunmembabitkanpembakaranbahanapihidrokarbon yang mengeluarkan tenaga mekanikal maksimum, dan hanya meninggalkan karbon dioksida (CO2) dan air (HZO) sebagai produk pembakaran. Air tidak merbahaya kepada alam sekitar, tetapi CO2 adalah gas rumah hijau, produk daripada pembakaran hidrokarbon. Jadi, enjin yang ideal sekalipun mempunyai kelemahan. 22 Brnm Snrrr, Juw - Srnnurn 1995

Asap ekzos Enjin pembakaran dalaman tidak mungkin dapat mencapai tahap \"ideal\" ini. Mencampurkan petrol dan udara memang tidak ideal. Campuran wap tdara/petrol tidak Iama berada dalam ruang pembakaran untuk membolehkannya dibakar sepenuhnya. Maka itu, selain daripada CO2, enjin mengeluarkan karbon monoksida (CO) bersama hidrokarbon (HC) dan nitrogen oksida (NOx). Karbon monoksida dan hidrokarbon tidak terbakar terbentuk disebabkan pembakaran bahan api yang tidak lengkap. Karbon monoksida adalah racun. Hidrokarbon yang tidak terbakar bertindak balas apabila terkena sinaran matahari untuk membentuk asbut. Nitrogen oksida, yang terbentuk hasil reaksi bersama nitrogen dan oksigen dalam ruang pembakaran, dikatakan menjadi punca \"hujan asid\". Mengawal asap ekzos Alat penukar bermangkin atau 'catalytic converter' tiga hala, dapat mengurangkan ketiga-tiga bahan pencemar, iaitu CO, HC dan NOx, dan menukarnya menjadi gas yang tidak begitu merbahaya. Di samping itu, kereta yang dipasang alat penukar bermangkin hanya bolehmenggunakanminyakpetroltanpaplumbum(plumbumakanmeracunmangkin). Jadi ia juga tidak mengeluarkan asap yang mengandungi plumbum. Alat penukar bermangkin Semua minyak petrol mengandungi sulfur yang bertukar menjadi gas sulfur dioksida apabila dibakar. Dalam kereta tanpa mangkin, gas ini keluar terus melalui ekzos. Tetapi dalam kereta yang mempunyai mangkin, ia boleh bertindak balas selanjutnya untuk membentuk hidrogen sulfida. Ini dapat dikesan daripada baunya seperti telur busuk. GAS EKSOS SEBELUM PENUKARAN BERMANGKIN coHC NO, co Korbon monoksido HC Hidrokorbon tidok terbqkor Nitrogen oksido NO, Gos ekzos Kondung keluli tohon korot M* / Siromik bersodurkon bentuk petok Gos modu bersomo bohon golion eksos yong berniloi CO, SETELAH PENUKARAN BERMANGKIN H N, GO\" Korbon dioksido HzO Air N, Nitrogen Brnra Snru., JurY - Ssmucsn rcgs 23

Hidrokarbon terlepas semasa transit atau mengisi minyak Hidrokarbon meruap boleh terlepas keluar dalam bentuk wap dari tangki minyak kenderaan, dan juga semasa pengedaran dan pengisian secara pukal. Asap dari kenderaan semasa digunakan boleh dikawal dengan pemasangan kanister mengandungi arang teraktif untuk menyerap wap sistem bahan api. Lipatan pada getah pam pengisi minyak juga berkesan mengawal wap daripada keluar semasa minyak diisi ke dalamtangki kereta. Wap yang keluar semasa pengedaran pukal dikutip dan dihantar semula ke kilang untuk diproses semula melalui unit pemulihan wap. Bagaimana dengan COZ? Satu-satunya langkah anti CO2 yang kiniboleh diambil oleh kebanyakan pemandu ialah menjimatkan tenaga. Sumbangan syarikat-syarikat minyak ialah mengadunkan minyak petrol yang lebih cekap. Sumbangan pemandu pula ialah mengamalkan tabiat memandu yang menjimatkan tenaga (lihat cerita dalam kotak). Keselamatan diutamakan Minyakpetroldanprodukyangdiperbuatdaripadaminyakmentahbolehmendatangkan bahaya. Reka bentuk dan pembinaan semua peralatan, bangunan dan pengangkutan yang berkaitan mesti mematuhi piawaian yang ditetapkan dan diawasi oleh pihak berkuasa undang-undang. Kakitangandilatihuntukmengendalikankejadiankecemasanyangmungkin berlaku. Pelanggan boleh membantu dengan mengambil langkah-langkah berwaspada - seperti mematikan enjin dan tidak merokok di pam minyak. @ Mendapatkan lebih kilometer daripada setiap liter petrol Ramai pemandu boleh membantu diri mereka sendiri dan alam sekitar dengan mengambil langkah-langkah ekonomi, seperti: f memandu pada kelajuan 80ksj (50bsj), bukan 120 ksj (75bsj) I menggunakan gear lebih tinggi di mana boleh I menekan brek dan pemecut seperlahan yang boleh I menyelaraskan palam pencucuh I manala enjin kereta mengikut cadangan pengeluar I menggunakan minyak pelincir enjin yang betul I mengeluarkan muatan yang tidak perlu daripada but (seperti kayu golf, kereta sorong bayi) f mengisi angin tayar mengikut tekanan yang disyorkan I menggantikan tayar lapis silang dengan tayar radial, tetapi jangan sekali-kali mencampurkannya I membetulkan penjajaran roda I menutup tingkap apabila memandu laju I menanggalkan rak bumbung apabila tidak diperlukan I menggunakan kerajang udara atau spoiler apabila menarik bot, treler I merancangkan perjalanan anda untuk mengelakkan kawasan-kawasan yang sesak I adalah lebih menjimatkan jika anda memanaskan enjin sambil bergerak apabila enjin dihidupkan dalam keadaan sejuk. 24 Brnrre Sxru., Jur.v - SrprrMarn rscs

SYARI KAT.S YARI KAT P E N G I M PAL MALAYSIATEROKA BIDANG LEBIH BESAR Pada peringkat awal bermulanya era petroleum dan gas luar pantai di Malaysia, tidak ada Woktu puncok di SSE syarikatkimpalanMalaysiayangmampumembinakemudahan-kemudahanyangdiperlukan olehsyarikat-syarikatpetroleumdangas. Kinigambarannyajauhberbezadengankemunculan .,. M3 PO-A, lapan syarikatyang meneroka bidang tersebut, kesemuanya berkemampuan menyediakan yong dibino di limbungon SSE kemudahan-kemudahankimpalanbagiketiga-tigasyarikatutamapetroleumdangasSarawak Shell Bhd (SSB), Sabah Shell Petroleum Co (SSPC), Petronas Carigali dan Esso Production di Pqsir Malaysia Inc (EPMI). Gudong teloh mencotot Perkembangan industri petroleum dan gas luar pantai Malaysia telah memberi manfaat yang besar kepada negara. Ribuan rakyat Malaysia telah diambil berkerja oleh syarikat- sejqroh syarikat minyak dan dan ribuan lagi terlibat dengan industri sokongan yang berkaitan. sebogoi Industri ini turut membantu menjayakan matlamat pemindahan teknologi yang diperlukan modul di samping menyediakan landasan yang kukuh ke arah menggalakkan perkembangan pakar- pengeluoron berpodu yong pakar tempatan sekaligus menjadi penyumbang utama kepada pembangunan negara. terbesor Memanfaatkan sepenuhnya pemindahan teknologi dan perkembangan kepakaran pernoh dibino di benuq Asio. Benrn SHrLr, Jutv - Srprrlrgrn rqqs 25

Poro jurutero tempatan, syarikat-syarikat kimpalan ini tidak iagi menghadkan perkhidmatan merek;i topok Shell dengon CSR kepada industri petroleum dan gas Malaysia sahaja, malahan mula mengembangkan savap (Wokil Topok mereka meneroka pasaran baru di rantau ini. Syorikot) Won Syarikat-syarikat besar seperti Maiaysia Shipyard and Engineering Sdn Bhd (MSE), Sime Komoruddin Sembawang Engineering Sdn Bhd (SSE) dan Sabah Shipyard Sdn Bhd (Saship) merupakan (keduo konon) syarikat-syarikat yang berupaya memenanp;i kontrak utama di luar negara dan pastinr-a semoso berhasrat membolot peluang yang wujud di samping memperluaskan sempadan opera-<i melokukon pemeriksoon mereka dengan lebih jauh 1agi. hor on di N/3 PO- Meskipun akan terdapat kemajuan selanjutnya di masa hadapan, SSB/SSPC juga A yong teloh dibino di SSE berpendapat bahawa memang sudah sampai masanya syarikat-syarikat kimpalan kita di Johor Bohru, meneroka peluang-peluang yang lebih jauh memandangkan industri petroleum dan gas Malaysia sudah semakin mantap Bagi svarikat-syarikat ini, perkembangan akan benar-benar memerlukan mereka bersaing, dan memenangi kontrak di luar pasaran tempatan yang sedi... wujud. Tindakan yang waiar Persoalannya, bersediakah syarikat-syarikat kimpalan kita bersaing di peringka: antarabangsa dalam usaha mereka untuk bertapak dan menjalankan kegiatan mereka d, rantau ini? JimmyChok,Pengarah Eksekutif SashipyangberpejabatdiLabuanmenyatakankeyakinar' t 26 Brnrrn SurLL, JuLv - Srprrvs:p 199s

syarikatnya untuk menyahut cabaran. Menurut beliau, faktor terpenting keyakinan beliau itu bkel.pdaaksaarar(nanserptaenkg'eamlaamhairannSiatushteiplashebmearsjaayamdeiltaekrsaapnkaaknansekbearikjam-keurjnaguknitnu.k Shell' oleh itu _ Beliaupercayakeupayaanmelaksanakankontratsneupadamasalalutelahmenyediakan Pengurus- pengurus yong Saship tapaL ya.,g tutl(aatam membina kemahiran dan pengetahuan untuk menawarkan pmsyeuarrtriiS,lk\"iaeuatjmlayrra\"aaUtnhurgn\"igwp;rtiao\"sigUllrlaeSushaiitfs,sdheiainbplnuamaomhveaisnntiyydfaaudrmsiaktnaaritibiekknrieimd;baspiyenaakylaamanlikgijatuuens.rmSmdaaeesjrumhmidbpaeigtirrdaia.arnukktiaammnupgeinamkil,aepnptuiadndyayaaakinSlamgamaslshaaaiipnllaa.hmg.ie'Iuannnitayudaki dihosilkon oleh memuiakan operasi paaa tarrun 7972 dengankegiatan awalnya sebagai syarikat pembinaan SSE bot. Ketika itu Saship merupakan usahaiama antara pelabur-p_elabur Malaysia dan Hong menunjukkon yong mereko Kong. syarikat ini kemudiannya dibeli oleh Yayasan sabah dan sedco, dan pada tahun7979 jugo somo iamitamengembangkankegialannya. BagimembantumemperkemaskanSaship,perjanjian- berupoyo di perjanjian kJrjasamiteknikil ditaniatangani dengan konsultan luar negara dan sejak tahun dolom disiplin pembinoon ipgeSmZSbtaiunstahitaiupn.t,gpi\"ae*nlartnputeatn\"r ugdu\"erkuksopanentnrdgaeakrnmbgaekgusaat rgdnaiypsie(yggaaannsgflifpst eepprlteaantmfuoharnmydaa-dlaeomclekh)bbridaeakrynnagiltakMi tRalqMlaq1y5st.iajlu.tda-enygaanng pelontor luor pontoi, iiberikan ol\"tr Sh\"tt. Sungguhluripu*Uir,uun dek ini merupakan yang terbesar dikendalikan oleh Saship ketika itu, mlieki mampu menyiapkan projek tersebut sebelum tempoh yang ditetapkan. Bagi Chok kejayaan tersebut amat membanggakan lebih-lebih lagi semasa lawatan ke Brnre Sx*t, Apntl-Jutts vas27

tapak projek oleh Pengarah Urusan SSB/SSPC, Datuk Chris Knight setelah kerja-kerja siap dilaksanakan menyatakan kekagumannya terhadap pencapaian cemerlang Saship. Sejak dari hari itu, peranan Saship secara signifikannya meningkat dan mula mendapat kepercayaan melaksanakan kontrak-kontrak Petronas Carigali dan EPMI di samping Shell. Mengejar masa Di Johor Bahru sebuah lagi syarikat kimpalan tidak kurang sibuknya, MSE, turut berjaya membangunkan kepakaran di bidang kimpalan. Menjelang )anuari tahun ini MSE telah menyiapkan lebih50 pakejkerja-kerja kimpalan dari pelbagai kontraktor huluan di Malaysia. Mengikut Timbalan Ketua Eksekutifnya Encik Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman, kerja terbesar yang dijalankan setakat ini ialah kontrak kemudahan D35 milik Shell bernilai lebih kurang RM60 juta. MSE juga tetap bergiat aktif dalam bidang membina dan membaik putih kapal namun kecenderungan dalamindustrikimpalan semakinketara dan dianggap aspekpentingkepada masa depan MSE. iusteru itu MSE akan terus menyediakan peluang-peluang pekerjaan kepada penduduk Pasir Gudang, (sehingga kini seramai 5000 berkerja secara langsung dan tidak langsung dengan MSE). Rahim menekankan bahawa mereka akan meneroka pasaran luar di samping cuba memenangi kontrak tempatan. Bagi beliau kontrak-kontrak tempatan juga semakin sukar dengan kehadiran tujuh syarikat tempatan lain yang turut bersaing. Di peringkat serantau, beliau merasakan MSE telah bersedia dan mampu untuk memasuki persaingan memandangkan pengalaman kerja-kerja kimpalan yang dilaksanakan di pasaran Malaysia telah menyediakan teknologi, kepakaran, kemudahan dan keyakinan dalam menempuh pelbagai cabaran di masa depan. ou,i'u',,Jtr*.,'#,'fr3;:i::Tii:{:i3li*l,fiiiffix'liT\"ffi #lg;i;l:H?ff ::Tf satu di Pasir Gudang dan Teluk Ramunia. Diperbadankan pada 7983, SSE memperolehi kontrakkimpalanluarpantainyayangpertamadariSSBmeliputikerja-kerjakontrakkimpalan platfom D18 MPA. Kontrak ini dianggarkan bernilai RM16 juta. Hingga kini, SSE telah memenangi 19 kontrak daripada pelbagai operator huluan yang dianggarkan bernilai RM500 juta. Kerja paling mencabar bagi SSE sehingga kini ialah apabila pihak SSB memberi kepercayaan untuk melaksanakan pembinaan Modu1 Pengeluaran Bersepadu (Integrated Production Module), M3PQ-A bernilai RM200 juta. Projek ini merupakan projek MLNG - Dua milik SSB. Dengan timbangan seberat 7,700 tan, dek bagi Modul Pengeluaran Bersepadu ini adalah terbesar bakal dibina di Asia, pertama yang dibina berdasarkan kaedah apungan dan sesungguhnya merupakan dek yang pertama dibina mengikut kaedah apungan di laut terbuka. Menurut Wan Kamaruddin Wan Abdullah, wakil Shell di tapak projek Pasir Gudang, M3PQ-A merupakan satu publisiti yang meluas bagi mengambarkan kemampuan SSE dan beliau yakin ianya akan meningkatkan lagi reputasi SSE sebagai syarikat kimpalan yang cekap dalam memenuhi permintaan industri petroleum dan gas di pasaran tempatan dan antarabangsa. Encik Arshad Ahmad, pengurus besar SSE mengaitkan kejayaan dan pencapaian SSE itu sebahagianbesarnya hasildaripadakontrakyangditawarkanolehSSB/SSPC kepadamereka- Berkerja dalam lingkungan budaya kerja Shell telah membantu menjayakan kontrak kimpalan sub-struktur MIPQ-A di dermaga Teluk Ramunia. Bertholomez ]ukui, wakil shell di tapak itu menyatakan bahawa budaya kerja Shell banyak membantu menjadikan projek tersebut begitu berjaya. Selain berjaya menyiapkan projek mengikut tempoh ianya juga tidak lari dari belanjawan yang ditetapkan. Kejayaan projek setinggi 150 meter dan seberat 10,000 tan metrik ini akan terus meningkatkan reputasi SSE. Pastinya projek tersebut tidak akan dianggap mudah oleh sesiapa pun dikalangan industri. 28 Benrm SreLL, Jur.y - Srnriasen rccs

Arshad berpendapat kejayaan SSE memenangi kontrak sedemikian untuk tempoh beberapa tahun memberi peluang kepada syarikatnya mengasah bakat-bakat tempatanbagi memenuhi jawatan- jawatan dari peringkat pengurusan hinggalah ke peringkat biasa, justeru itu dari 700 orang kakitangan SSE, hanya beberapa orang sahaja bukan rakyat Malaysia. Pra-syarat A. Rohim... pengiktirofon Bagi Arshad adalah tidak menjadi rahsia bahawa perkembangan pesat SSE sehingga ke tahap membanggakan adalah hasil daripada ISO omot tunjuk ajar dan sumbangan Shell sehingga ianya boleh mencecah taraf penting bogi syarikat \"Bertaraf Dunia\". Ketegasan Shell dalam aspek Kesihatan, Keselamatan dan Alam Sekitar (HSE) dalam setiap urusan dengannya, syorikot-syorikot menurut beliau boleh dijadikan satu pra-syarat asas dalam percubaan yong ingin untuk memenangi kontrak luar negara. bersoing Pendapat yang sama turut dikongsi oleh Rahim di MSE, beliau dengon menganggap aspek Pengurusan Kesihatan, Keselamatan dan Alam syorikot-syorikot Sekitar berserta dengan Pengurusan Prinsip Kualiti akan memainkan peranan penting menentukan peluang-peluang perniagaan pada masa hadapan. Alasan inilah yang besor. menyebabkan MSE mencari pengiktirafan dan berjaya mendapat taraf ISO 9000. Beliau berpendapat pengiktirafan ini amat penting dalam persaingan kontrak yang melibat syarikat-syarikat besar di peringkat antarabangsa. \"Ianya merupakan satu mesej penting kepada klien kami dan rakyat Malaysia seluruhnya\" tegas Rahim yang pernah di awal kerjayanya menimba pengalaman bekerja dengan Shell. Masa depan Pembesaran dermaga pada tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini di samping berbagai rancangan masa depan jelas menunjukkan komitmen syarikat-syarikat Kimpalan Malaysia untuk terus berkembang. Kini MSE, juga memiliki lebih 300 ekar tanah di Pasir Gudang dengan 2.5 km bahagian pinggir laut. Saship pula mempunyai kapasiti kimpalan 40,000 tan metrik setiap tahun dan memiliki kemudahan pengangkutan beban muatan yang mampu melaksanakan kerja untuk struktur sehingga 12,000 tan metrik. Dermaga SSE di Pasir Gudang terletak di kawasan seluas 45 ekar dan mampu melaksanakan kerja sehing ga23,000 metrik ton pada setiap satu masa. Dermaganya di Teluk Ramunia pula merangkumi kawasan seluas 80 ekar dan memiliki kapasiti sebanyak 35,000 tan metrik. Dalam mendukung keyakinan masa depan, SSE telah meneruskan hasratnya memiliki tanah seluas 60 ekar berhampiran Cukai di Terengganu. Tanah ini dicadangkan untuk tapak dermaga kimpalan ketiganya dengan tahap kemampuan kerja tahunan sebanyak 25,000 tan metrik. Pihak Pengurusan SSE menyedari perkembangan pesat kemudahan-kemudahan mereka di Pasir Gudang dan Teluk Ramunia, dan pembinaan dermaga baru di Cukai merupakan petunjuk tentang keyakinan mereka terhadap industri ini sekaligus menyediakan kekuatan untuk menjayakan matlamat mereka memenangi kerja di rantau ini dan jauh hingga ke Timur Tengah. Pada hakikatnya, SSE telah berjaya menyiapkan kerja-kerjanya untuk Brunei Shell, Qatar General Petroleum Co., Agip, Chexron dan Texaco untuk operator-operator sektor huluan di China. Siap-Guna (Turnkey) - satu trend baru Kebelakangan ini perlaksanaan projek secara siap-guna dilaksanakan secara meluas di kebanyakan tempat di seluruh dunia. Persoalan yang timbul ialah mampukah syarikat- syarikatkimpalanMalaysiamenyertaikontraksiap-gunaini,ataupunmerekaharusmelupakan sahaja cita-cita untuk meneroka pasaran seberang laut? Brnrm Sxru., Jutv - SrnrMsrn tccs29

HSE dipotuhi .,, Arshad percaya, SSE berkemampuan melaksanakan kontrak siap-guna. SSE sentiasa seorong mendapat sokongan dari Kumpulan Syarikat-syarikat Sime (turut memiliki pusat rekacipta pegowoi untuk petroleum dan gas) dan juga telah bersekutu dengan sebuah syarikat kontraktor peruboton pembinaan luar pantai di Eropah. Soship Bagaimanapun beliau berpendapat bagi rantau Timur jauh industri ini belum lagi menunjukkon bersediamengikutipendekatansiap-guna. PendapatiniturutdikongsiolehChokdanSaship. coro-coro mengendolikon Beliau tidakbimbang dengan kemunculan projek secara siap-guna sekiranya kecenderungan CPR semoso pasaran bergerak ke arah itu. Saship telah mempunyai perjanjian kerjasama dengan kontraktor Minggu HSE syorikot. dari Norway dan sedia untuk menyertai tender secara siap-guna sekiranya keadaan memerlukan. Shell mempunyai pandangan yang sama dengan pihak pengusaha industri kimpalan di Malaysia tentang industri tersebut. Pengarah Teknikal SSB/SSPC, Encik Heng Hock Cheng, berkeyakinan bahawa syarikat-syarikat kimpalan Malaysia kini memiliki kemampuan dan pengalaman untuk menceburi kerja-kerja di luar negera. Pendapat ini turut disuarakan oleh Pengarah Urusan SSB/SSPC, Encik Tan Ek Kia, yang menambah \"tidak dapat dinafikan, menceburi pasaran antarabangsa memerlukan segala sumber yang ada pada pengimpal-pengimpal Malaysia diketengahkan di samping turut menguji sikap mereka. Selagi mereka tidak menceburinya, mereka tidak akan tahu samada mereka mampu menghadapi cabaran.\" Bila industri kimpalan Malaysia berjaya mengekspot kepakarannya, SSB/SSPC turut merasa bangga kerana sumbangannya terhadap kemajuan industri tersebut dan negara seluruhnya.9 30 Brnrm Surrr, JuLv - SrprrNagen rsss

MENDAKI GUNUNG GERAH Oder berada di atas pokok untuk memetik sekuntum bunga buat isterinya sebagai 'kenangan' Jouh di katanya. Jadi \"gerah\" itu apa maknanya? tanyaku dari bawah pokok. Dia pun menunjukkan pedolomon, oir kearahbelakangku,padatebasandanuntaianrotanpecahyangtelahmelambatkanperjalanan sungoi sungguh kami sejak dua setengah hari lalu. bersih don cukup jernih \"Itu rotan gerah\" , katanya. Namun orang asli percaya bahawa gunung ganang telah untuk diminum. dicipta dengan nama secara semulajadi. Kami berada di tepian Gunung Gerah, di tengah-tengah Semenanjung Malaysia, di kawasan tidak terusik dan paling lasak di negara ini. Bermakna, kami kini di tengah-tengah Banjaran Titiwangsa yang merupakan kawasan 'tulang belakang' Malaysia yang memisahkan di antara timur dan barat, yang mempengaruhi corak jatuhan hujan dan sumber kepada sistem sungai-sungai utama negara ini. Kamimemulakan perjalanan sejak dua hari lepas, namun persiapan ke arahnya bermula lebih awal - perancangan, surat menyurat untuk kebenaran serta tempahan awal kenderaan, jurutunjuk dan makanan. Dari Empangan Temenggor, kami menuju ke terselatan tasik ini menerusi bot laju, ke lBenrn Sneu., Jutv - Ssprrrr,rsrn t99s 3

Afos; Oder don pedalaman perkampungan orang asli dipanggil Kubu Kemar, dinamakan sempena Pos seorong Oder Tentera yang distesenkan di sini ketika Parti Komunis Malaya mengancam keselamatan logi yong lebih mudo berehot negara. Setelah kembali aman, orang asli dikumpulkan dan ditempatkan semula di kampung seketiko di ini. Namun, jika dibandingkan dengan keindahan hutan hujan antara yang tercantik di dunia lodong yong ini, kawasan perkampungan tersebut ternyata paling kontras kerana telah ditangani aktiviti teloh terong manusia. sebelum mendoki logi, Di hujung tasikitu, kamiberkenderaanPacuan4 Roda yang telah ditempah awal, di mana Kanon afas: kami bertemu dengan sepasang jurutunjuk. Mereka bertubuh tinggi lampai dan langsing dan Penghulu berkarisma dari suku Temiar. Mereka memanggil sesama sendiri dengan panggilan Oder. Kami pun mengemaskan kembali 'rucksack' dan menyambung perjalanan dengan kenderaan Glody, ketuo kami ke hujung ladang getah baru Felda, di tepian hutan. Setelah makan tengahari yang agak Kompung lewat,kamipunmenggalas'rucksack'dibelakangmasing-masinglalumemulakanperjalanan Sumbo, di kaki ke dalam hutan yang tebal itu. tebing Sungoi Temenggor. Perjalanan ke perkampungan Oder sungguh lama dan memenatkan. Jauh ke atas dan sempit di kawasan tinggi di tebing Sg. Temenggor, mengharungi hutan-hutan tanam semula Konan bowah: ditebali pohon buluh yang dulunya diteroka untuk tujuan penyuburan. Enam jam selepas itu. Negeri setelah lutut terasa lemah barulah kami tiba ke kampung asal nenek moyang Oder, berhenti Kelonton sejenak dalam perjalanan untuk menyapa Penghulu Gladys, seorang warga senior namun kelihoton dori agak segak dengan kain cawatnya. Beliau ketua Kampung Sumba, sebuah kampung yang puncok dihuni beberapa keluarga yang bertaburan sepanjang lembah Sungai Temenggor. Di situ terdapat anak-anak sungai yang jernih dihiasi terjunan air kecil yang melempiasi batu-batu Gunung Geroh, besar. Rumah Oder dikelilingi pokok-pokok bunga tahi ayam. Ia diperbuat daripada rangkaian 32 Bennn SreLL, JuLv - SrprrMseB rqqs

buluh yang telah dirapi, beratap daun kering yang ditompang dengan tiang kayu. Di depan rumahnya, mengalir air sungai jernih dan hening manakala tebing seberang sungai itu dipenuhi pokok hutan dilatarkan dengan bukit bukau penuh kehijauan manakala di belakang rumahnya terbentang ladang yang telah diterangi yang menghala ke hutan rimba tebal warisan sejak dahulu kala. Jika anda bermudek ke hulu di mana tidak berpenghuni, melalui jejak lama orang asli, anda mungkin melampaui negeri Perak, dan masuk ke kawasan negeri Kelantan. Terdapat tempat dian api untuk memanaskan badan dalam rumah Oder. Tempat perbaringannya cuma diperbuat daripada buluh, namun dalam hatiku terasa cemburu dengan kesederhanaan itu. Kami berkhemah dekat rumahnya malam itu. Dapat pula menyaksikan matahari terbenam di sebalikbanjaran, lantas menjadikan lembah kelam. Dingin malam itu, tetapi langit agak cerah diterangi kelipan bintang. Pagi esoknya, setelah bersarapan, kami menyambung perjalanan. Lembah indah berpadang warna emas dan air sungai jernih itu ditinggalkan. Ketika mendaki ladang kami terserempak dengan sebuah sengkuak di mana terdapat timbunan bijiran - Menurut Oder bijiran itu adalah makanan nenek moyangnya, lebih tua daripada beras, ditanam oleh masyarakatnya sejak bergenerasi lagi. Laluan kami pula mula mendaki naik. Ketika itu kami Brnrm Srru, Jurv - Srprsiasrn rccs 33

di tengah hutan, dengan bau lembab dan cahaya samar. Pepokok tinggi memenuhi pandangan dekat namun puncak daun tidak juga kelihatan, apatah lagi langit! Persekitaran ying he.ing. Mampan megah kerana tiada aktiviti manusia seperti pembalakan. Lebih membanggakan, ia berusia entah berapa juta tahun! Kami berlima di samping dua Oder itu. Kem6ira kami mengharungi laluan yang tidak pernah ditempuh walaupun oleh kedua orang asli tersebut. Orang asli tidak akan mendaki gunung mengikut kehendak diri mereka sendiri; dingin menyucuk dan bukan ada rotan atau hasil untuk dipungut. Kawasan dan tumbuhan di situ sungguh asing buat mereka. Kemungkinan kami mendaki hutan separa gunung di mana tampak dan spesi tumbuhan agak berlainan dengan hutan khatulistiwa di tanah rendah. Oder menebas laluan di depan. Bunyi tetasan parangnya bergema dalam hutan tersebut. Kadangkala aku dapat bau tembakau daun yang dihisapnya. Oder berkaki ayam. Nampak juga dia keletihan. Namun sesekali dia memetik buah hutan dan mengunyah seperti tupai. Akhirnya kami tiba di Sg. Agek yang jernih dengan permukaan berkilau berbayangkan tusukan cahaya matahari. Kawasan tersebut agak datar walaupun kami kini berada empat ribu kaki. Kami terjumpa najis beruang matahari yang masih 'baru' serta torehan kuku mereka pada pokok. Terdapat juga tanda-tanda sebesar pinggan - tapak dan najis gajah. Kesan-kesanlain jugaterdapatdenganbanyaknyapadalopak-lopaklumpur. Kamiternampak sekawan badak sumbu tetapi seakan rupa tapir. Menurut Oder jenis ini antara yang jaring ditemui. Bila seorang daripada kami terjatuh, oder akan bermantra \"Bukan gunung mahu kita, kita mahu gunung.\" Orang asli mempunyai pandangan yang berbeza terhadap kehiduparr. Penjadualan dan waktu tidak begitu memberi makna kepada mereka; tidur di mana beiada bila malam tiba, berjalan sehingga tiba ke destinasi, makan bila lapar, dan tersesat itu bukan masalah: anda adalah anda di mana anda berada. Warga kota patut belajar daripada mereka! \" Kami berhenti sejenak makan tengahari dekat anak sungai deras. Di sinilah kami dapati ganjil bagi orang ked_ua-dua Oder itu gemarkan keju - agak asli. Sebenarnya mereti ini pernah berkhidmat dengan tentera British ketika zamar. kecemasan dulu dan sempat menghayati menu Barat! Menjelang senja, kami tiba ke kawasan yang juga asing kepada orang asli. Di situ kami terpaksa berpandukan peta dan kompas sahaja. Hutan di sini tidak berapa tebal, pokoknya lebih kecil, dengan kawasan lebih datar. Kesejukan mula terasa dan kegelapan mula menyelubungi. Laluandirasakanagaksukardicam,lalukamimemutuskanuntukmendirikan khemah di satu kawasan sesuai dekat anak sungai yang sejuk seperti ais tak boleh kami mandi. Di sini rupanya permulaan Sg. Agek yang muncul dari sisi Gunung Gerah. Kedua-dua Oder enggan berkongsi khemah dengan kami, mungkin kerana kami semua belummandisejakmemulakanperjalanan. Merekamembinasebuahsengkuakmenggunakan pelepah sebagai tilam, dan membuat unggun api kecil yang dibiarkan hidup Jepanjang malam, sebagai pemanas badan dan boleh menghalau haiwan seperti beruang mltairarl. Sekecil-kecil beruang boleh membunuh jua. Pagi esoknya, kami menyediakan bekalan secukup untuk sehari dan meninggalkan khemah untuk perjalanan ke arah gunung. Udara terasa kering dan dingin. Hutan rimba ternyata indah dan sunyi. Beberapa minit kemudian kami menemui sebuah kawasan perkhemahan dekat dasar sungai berlumut yang telah kering. Ada orang yang telah sampai ke sini dua tahun lepas: anak lelaki Oder menjadi jurutunjuk ekpedlsi teisebut, beliau meninggal dunia setahun lepas kerana malaria. Inilah kali pertama Oder menjejak kembali laluan anaknya itu. Kami mendaki cerun tinggi ke dalam hutan yang berlumut, di mana pokoknya kecil dan batangnya berbonggol serta diselaputi lumut hijau lembap. Kebanyakannya berkaitkan untaian sayur-mayur basah. Berjalan atas bumi berlumut, terasa seperti permaidani tebal. Pohon orkid dan pohon renik malar hijau (rhododendrons) menyediakan tompokan warna malar di sekeliling. Udaranya kering dan dingin. Kami sampai ke tanah tinggi yang merupakan banjaran utama menghala ke puncak gunung. Dapat kami saksikan samar-samar bukit berselimut 34 Brnrre Sxru, Jur.v - SrprEMaep rcas

hutan di sejauh mata memandang atau tompokan datar di mana di situ mungkin ada pekan Rumoh Oder di kecil, atau parut merah jalan laluan pembalakan di atas bukit. Sungoi Sumbo Terdapat kesan laluan lama, dengan tanda tetak pada pokok-pokok yang ditinggalkan dengon huton di belokong. kelompok lebih awal daripada kami. Oder mengingatkan supaya kami tidak memindah atau mengusik sebarangan sebagai tanda hormat kepada gunung - suatu kod etika yang kami sungoi di sentiasa telah turuti sebelum ini. Kami berada pada paras enam ribu lebih kaki. Keheningan hodopon don dan kesyahduan pemandangan banjaran gunung bebiru serta keunikan pepohon beruntai bungo tohi oyom tumbuh yang tunduk serta tidak terurus seperti orang tua itu menjadikannya pada tanggapan subur di sesetengah pihak sebagai tempat suci dan kudus. sekelilingnyo, Kami membelok dan tidak sangka terjumpa sebuah stesen trigonometrik. Kami berdiri di puncak Gunung Gerah,2,703 meter, hampir tujuh ribu kaki daripada paras laut, di tengah- tengah Malaysia. Terdapat tulisan pada stesen trigonometrik berbentuk piramid tersebut, nama-nama mereka yang telah tiba ke sini sebelum kami, ada yang bertarikh jauh ketika 7960an. Nama anak lelaki Oder juga tertulis di situ. Kami mulakan perjalanan pulang. Kali ini Oder dengan mudah menuruti laluan pulang Brnrrn Sneu. Jur.v - SrprrNrsrn rccs 35

Bungo okid tanpa masalah. Kami turun dengan cepat, mengharungi kedinginan udara puncak gunung kuning tumbuh ke daerah hutan tebal di bawah dan akhirnya sampai ke khemah kami. lior di Puncok Perjalanan balik cukup cepat kerana menurun sepanjang arah. 'Rucksack' kami kini Gunung ringan. Dengan perasaan gembira kerana kejayaan tadi kami mudik ke kampung Oder - Geroh. Kampung Sumba waktu tengaharinya. Mulanya kami bercadang untuk bermalam di sana namun kami teruskan juga perjalanan pulang - mengharungi kembali tanah tinggi untuk sampai ke Kubu Kemar. Kami berhenti sejenak di rumah Penghulu Glady untuk memberikan sedikit makanan dalam tin. Beliau nampaknya tidak tahu apa nak dibuat dengan'pemberian kami itu. Agak bangga juga kami rasakan bila sampai ke daerah hulu seperti ini di Semenanjung Malaysia di mana ada orang yang tidak pernah membuka makanan dalam tin! Sementara matahari mula terbenam di ufuk barat, kami pun berjalan pantas. Salah seorang Oder dihantar terlebih dahulu ke perkampungan destinasi kami itu. Beliau berjalan sangat pantas mengikut kebiasaan orang asli berjalan. Matahari mula terbenam apabila kami muncul di kawasan hutan yang menuju ke kawasan lapang ladang getah Felda. Kami telah berjalan selama 11 jam hari itu, meliputi jarak 20km pada peta, serta menurun hampir 4500 kakisejakpagiitu. Akhirnyadapatjugakamibukabut. Perjalananyanglamaitumembuatkan kami terasa seolah-olah kesan permukaan kulit tumit telah hilang akibat geseran berlarutan sepanjang kembara! Malam menebal, dan bintang mula muncul. Namun tiada air untuk dimasak. Dan, kami terasa sungguh penat - tidak larat untuk berjalan ke luar ladang ke kampung tersebut. Oleh itu kami pun mengumpulkan air dari botol bekalan masing-masing dan bayangkan enam orang kami berkongsikan sebungkus maggi. Selepas itu kami tidur keletihan di malam yang sungguh dingin itu. Oder, pada jangkaan kami mungkin tidak berjaya mendapatkan kenderaan Pacuan 4 Roda untuk menjemput kami. Pada jam 10.00 malam itu, kami terjaga dan masing-masing mencari tempat sesuai untuk mendirikan khemah di sepanjang barisan pokok getah. Pada saat itulah kami ternampak samar-samar cahaya lampu kenderaan muncul, kemudian hilang di suatu belok, kemudian muncul kembali. Barulah kami lega kerana mengetahui kenderaan Pacuan 4 roda pesanan kami telah tiba.@ 36 Brnrm SrrLl, Jur.v - Srprrvssn rsqs



CONTENTS GROWING WITH CUSTOMERS' NEEDS 2 ISPONSORING ENVIRONMENI RESEARCH THROUGH THE SHETL CHAIR THE MANAGEMENT OF OIt SHLTS 12 IIFE ON THE MOVE t9 WORLD IN BRIEF A summory of Shell news from oround fhe world, 22 OUARTERLY HIGHTIGHTS 23 BERKEMBANG BERSAMA KEPERLUAN PELANGGAN 24 MENAJA PENYELIDIKAN ALAM SEKITAR MELALUI KERUSISHELL 30 PENGURUSAN TUMPAHAN MINYAK 35 INTISARI_ LIFE ON THE MOVE 43 COVER: Delicofe Fon Corol - one of the mony wonders of the underseo world, October -December lees .Edilor: Lino Yop Abdulloh Grophic Designer: Rohoyo lsmoil EditoriolOffice: Corporote Affoirs Deportment, Shell Moloysio, P O Box I.l027. 50732 Kuolo Lumpur . Telephone: 03-2559144 o Telex: MA304l4 . Focsmile: 03-2512990 Printed by Ho Pok Sdn Bhd, Petoling Joyo Berito Shell is the corporote mogozine of Shell Moloysio ond is published quorterly, Opinions expressed in the orticles do not necessorily reflect those of ony Shell compony, Editors of newspopers or mogozines ore welcome to reproduce ony orticle but o prior written opprovol should be obtoined from the editor, excepf for editors in other Shell Componies who need only to ocknowledge the source,

Shell's new look projects o customer-friendly imoge EROWING WITH CUSTOMERS' NEEDS Throughout Malaysia, Shell stotions are adding new services and facilifies fo meet cusfomers' chonging needs Quality, they say, is an ever-moving target. How true! Once a company has embarked on a quality journey, it must keep going, scaling one mountain after another to find higher peaks. The journey never ends. But it is an exciting journey, full of challenges for a corporation which will not stand still but hunger for more summits to conquer. Thus, amidst changing social needs and lifestyles, Shell petrol stations are comingup with creative solutions for customers. For example, customers these days are caught up with the hectic pace of modern life, leaving them with little time to run personal errands. There is thus a greater demand for shopping convenience. To cater to this new lifestyle, Shell has developed a package of quality products and services for customers. Shell leaves no stone unturned when it comes to giving customers the best -- from product improvements to establishing SELECT convenience stores; from provid- ing Serais Bagus to running mobile training vans; from ISO 9002 certification of retail outlets to introducing the Rainbow Car Wash; and from creating a bright new look for retail stations to providing greater convenience in paying for oil products. 2 Brnrn SHr[1, Ocrosen '95 - Jt{urnv tcce

Servis Bagus ... Getting the Best of the Best Serais Bagus is an elite service package that is extended only to dealers with proven track records. Explains Retail Manager Yusof Hashim, \"The effort is seen as a marathon, not a sprint. This is because the programme is a slow but steady process. But it will result in long-term benefits for both the service stations and customers.\" Mohzani Wahab, Shell Retail Operations Manager, is equally enthusiastic abotft Serais Bagus. He adds: \" We are excited over this programme as we are seeing encouraging results in a1l the stations which have adoptedSerais Bagus.\" Under this scheme, Shell customers stand to benefit as forecourt attendants are motivated to give their best service in order to achieve high marks for their performance. Points are awarded systematically, according to a long list of prerequisites such neat appearance, positive attitude as well as friendly welcome and farewell greetings. The forecourt attendants also gain marks when they properly guide cars into the kiosk areas, ask the customer what petrol grades they want, do not keep drivers waiting too long, check the oil level, clean the windscreen and are generally courteous to customers. These personal touches are what keep customers coming back to Shell. The point system works magic. Forecourt attendants are motivated to give their best. And why not? The recognition and monetary rewards are something to look forward to. Besides a better pay packet, the forecourt attendants are also encouraged when they receive positive feedback from customers who take the time to fill in the Serais Bagus response card. In fact, a forecourt attendant sees his success with S errsis Bagus as an indication of his career path. Now he knows for sure if he is measuring up to his employer's expectations. He can also expect promotions if he performs well. If he is ambitious, he can even aim to be a supervisor - the right-hand man who runs the show and checks on the staff. But not all petrol stations can adopt the Sertsis Bagus programme. This elite programme is -only offered to dealers who qualify those who are on the job fulltime and who make their petrol stations their sole business ventures. They have to as they need to pay higher salaries for more efficient workers and thus strive for higher business volumes to be profitable. Presently, there are only 29 stations which qualify for Serais Bagus and Shell has targeted to increase the number to 50 by the end of 1996. Once selected by Shell, a dealer has three months to prove his worthbefore the programme is implemented. If he passes the test, his staff will be given thor- ough trainingin product knowl- edge and customer handling. Their training is also more inten- sive than other outlets. After all Serais Bagus is about service dif- ferentiation and providing cus- tomers with the \"Best of the Best!\" However, excellence has iis rewards. Shell gives priority serv- ice to Servis Bagus dealers when there are operational break- downs in pumps, air-balance or Electronic Data Capture (EDC) equipment. Leaking hose and power failure will also be recti- fied within 24 hours. Less urgent repairs suchas fused lightbulbs, Service Bogus .,, on elite service pockoge. Brnrn Sxell, Ocrosen '95 - JNurnv tcgo 3

Select Shop road potholes, broken signages, toilet blockage or problems will be attended to on a provides refresh- priority basis. ments for tired drivers who con SELECT Shops... Fill Up, Top olso top up their Up and Drive Off grocery supplies. Speed and convenience are what Below righf: Shell's customers need nowadays. Roinbow cor wosh There are several reasons why cus- tomers do not have enough time to is o boon to busy run shopping errands: the hurried pace of modern life, long working cusfomers, hours, both husband and wife are working, longer travelling time to work, traffic jams and greater de- mand for leisure time. Let's say most customers go shopping for essentials goods once or twice a week. Usually, they will run out of certain items in between their marketing trips. Rather than go all the way to the shops to get one or two items, SELECT Shops are the most convenient places for motorists to \"fill up, top up (your grocery sup- ply) and drive-off\". 4 BrBrra Srru, Ocrogrn '95 - JaNunnv tsso

SELECT Shops are carefully planned to meet customers' needs. The name is selected (excuse the puns) to reflect the wide selection of consumer goods available while the Shell colours of red and yellow are cleverly applied to a logo design which reflects the freshness of food sold in SELECT Shops. A SELECT Shop is like an oasis to motorists, especially to those driving long-distance along the highways. The tired, hungry and thirsty motorist can refresh himself or herself with snacks as well as hot and cold drinks. With the variety of choices at the SELECT Shops, there is something for everyone. Food retailing is a new ball game which demands a separate running system and training inmerchandisedisplay, customerservice, stockorderand delivery, sales registerprogramme, hygienic handling and storage. It is interesting to note that the food and fueI concept is not a new one. When petrol was first introduced to the market a century ago, it was sold at the town or village grocery shop as a side item. However, when cars became more common, the fuel business grew to such an extent that petrol was sold in special kiosks. Today, the trend has completed one full circle - grocery and petrol are back together again in Shell petrol stations throughout the world. Thanks to SELECT Shops! Shell, however, makes it a point to keep the petrol kiosks and food stores separate both -physically and psychologically. Petrol sales are conducted in the forecourt while food is sold indoor. Unlike the old days, customers are now more sophisticated and do not want petrol sold side by side with food. So in this remarriage, food and fuel are together again but in -different sleeping quarters! More services for customers' convenience In its questfor quality improvements, Shell is constantly comingup with new services to meet bustomers' changing needs. For example, to cater to customers who live in condominiums or who are just too busy to wash their cars themselves, Shell has come up with the automatic Rainbow Car Wash which cleans cars within minutes. For customers in a hurry and want to complete their errands quickly, Shell has introduced the multi-pump dispenser and convenient payment modes. The multi-pump dispenser provides various types of fuel (including diesel) in one location while convenient payment modes provide customers with the option to pay by cash or credit card. New Look for Shell Stations Under Shell's worldwide Retail Visual Identity programme (RVI), stations throughout Malaysia will soon adopt a new look which is customer-driven. Yes, everything is designed -with the customer in mind customers' needs, emotions, demands, expectations, feedback and participation. As usual, a lot of time and money is spent on R&D and market research before Shell proceeds with any important project. Before embarking on the reimaging programme, a survey was conducted to find out what dealers and customers wanted from a Shell retail station. It was only after listening to them that Shell pursued the matter and came out with a design which incorporated customers' feedback. Shell believes the RVI will rejuvenate retail stations with a fresh, modern look in keeping with the times. Customers and retailers, alike, have responded enthusiastically. The image reflects Shell's core values modern, warm and friendly. Such qualities appeal to the at Shell stations. -emotions of motorists and make them feel welcome Not only does the new look appeal to customers, it also makes good business sense. The projection of a strong visual identity augurs well for the Shell brand as it helps customers recognise Shell stations. Indeed, the power of the brand and station identity cannot be under- estimated. Benm Snru., Ocrosrn '95 - JlNuenv tqce 5

Certified to ISO 9002 Standards Historywas created whenRimbarapiSdnBhd alonglalanAmpang inKuala Lumpurbecame - -the first petrol station in Malaysia and Shell worldwide to obtain ISO 9002 certification in September,1994. The second and third outlets to achieve the status were Sungai Apong station in Kuching and Petro Enterprise in ]ohor Baru. Several other outlet retail certifications are in the pipeline. But what are the benefits of getting ISO certification for petrol stations? Does it make any difference to the profit level? Wi[ the petrol station attract more customers? Do staff become more efficient? The answer is a resounding\"YES\" to all of the above. \"Our sales at the outlet have shot up by 25 per cent over the same period last year,\" says the managing director of Rimbarapi, Shaharin Shah bin Dato' Hj Lope Salleh. \"Personally,I think the increase is due mainly to two factors. Firstly, customer satisfaction withthequalityof servicewhichhasbeenconsistentlyhighsinceweembarkedonthelSO9002 and, secondly, our various new marketing activities,\" he continues. He attributes the increased sales to better forecourt services which, in turn, led to higher customer satisfaction. His staff have become more disciplined and systematic in the process of getting their station certified. \"Everything is more organised now. Due to a more efficient system, our work processes are simplified,\" adds Shaharin. Even staff training is properly documented and tracked. Every forecourt attendant undergoes training in customer service, safety precaution, fire-fighting and housekeeping. ISO certification has also boosted staff morale. Forecourt attendants appreciate the standardisation which makes their work easier and staff loyalty is a spin-off during this present boom when staff turnover is high . Thequalityinitiative benefits Shell customersdirectlyby giving themconsistentlyhigh service at Shell stations. For dealers, the process of getting ISO 9002 accreditation has helped them to standardise work procedures and formalise inspection routines by Shell marketing executives. Sales and stocks monitoring is now computerised. As quality improvement is an on-going process, it is Shell's intention to continue with this never-ending journey and not to leave any stone unturned in its quest to give customers the best. ISO 9002 certification is just one of the many quality initiatives being pioneered by Shell Being the market leader in the fuel industry, Shell's motto is to be the \"Customers'No. 1 Choice\". @ 6 Berrn SHTLL, Ocrogrn '95 - hNumv tcco

The,,Hi6-! ma$i n g, Of ,Sh6,ll,Service Stations bbiisrl'\"p7;n illeq;;.,The,.newlirnage must be: custorner-driven; thus the design must cater to customers'needs. The aim is to create a modern, worldwide image ,'..of1.,5hs11 whichi:rejuvenaiesrthe biand. Othev considerations include cost-effec- ,,tiveneitravailability'of,'rnalerials in all countries represented and standardS which must be enforced. 1..,., . ,, ... .... .,. , i :.' .. i.. .Y*.,,'... '1, Eunction and Emotion: Notonly must the new designbe functional, it should also evokea positive emotionalresponse fromcustomers. Forexample, the signs must communicate information clearly while the lights must illuminate in the right intensity. The emotional benefit of the new design is the ambience created in the petrol -station bright, clean and comfortable. There is none of the \"oily feel\" formerly l,lassoci4tedwifhpetiollstations. krstead.ihe atmosphere is one of cleanliness and freshness akin to that of any quality supermarkets. Design Elements: A three-dimensional front is created using a combination of architecture, colour, form, materials and lighting. Graphic design also plays an important role in giving the retail station a powerful visual identity. To maximise .r'this impaet on,Cusitomeis, attention is paid to ev€ry detail from the smallest -signboird to the largest prime sign. Consistency; With the new design, there are built-in design checks to maintain ,,,nlfual,,lconsisiency-of the[r retail sta6onq, not only f6t,t\"* but also the ,'renovation Of .oldqr, stations'throughout,the w-orld. Despite th\"eitevsarious shapes and sizes of Shell retail stations worldwide the single design element which lends consistency to all stations is the portico -- a rectangular framing device which links the buildings together. Materials: Materials used should project the image intended and must be high- ,:qudity,;',.iost effective and be easilll availableland 'mass-produced in ever11 country represented. Lighting: Safety and visibitity are two goals of good lighting at the retail stations. Illumination serves several purposes: to provide the right lighting so that both customers and forecourt attendants can go about their business in comfort and ',,eafery;,,loratiiact.motoiistslfiom afai,and:to aieatean ambience that is pleasing to customers. Colours: The prima donna of design elements is undoubtedly colours. An essential aid in Shell branding, colours help to code, identify and demarcate various service areas. Colours also help to convey information more clearly and create the overall ambience. Brnrr Suru., Ocrosen'95 - Jrruurnv rqgc 7

SPONSOR'NG ENVI RON MENT RESEARCH THROUEH THE SHELL CHAIR by Eddie Abdullah Shell sponsors \"A model of industry-university collaboration\" was how Universiti Malaysia Sarawak noture educqtion (LINIMAS) Vice-Chancellor Prof . Dat o Zaw awilsmail described the creation of the Shell Chair for students ond on Environmental Studies, valued at RM2 million, at the nation's eighth university. the public through on onnuol gront The Vice Chancellor assured that UNIMAS would \"do its utmost to see that Shell's given to the support will go a long way in the effort to enhance our research and its application in the selected area for the betterment of this region.\" Noture Educotion He further stated that the Shell Chair would support research and teaching in Environ- Centre. ment Studies within the Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation (IBEC), an area considered most apt as both organisations share Sarawak's concern for its rich natural resources and the environment. As mutually agreed, the field of research for the Chair will change with time and needs. Indeed, the funding of the Chair reinforces further Shell's overriding concern for safety and the conservation of the natural environment as stipulated in Shell's Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) policy. Shell recognises that conservation of the environment has to be considered an integral part of any responsible business strategy and will continue to be a key issue throughout the next decade and beyond as an important issue for the industry and governments around the world. Sarawak Shell Berhad/Sabah Shell Petroleum Co Ltd (SSB/SSPC) Managing Director Mr Tan Ek Kia hoped that the data generated from the research will be useful for the Sarawak Government to draw up policies and strategies in the development and management of its resources. \"So for Shell, it reflects our concern for the environment and our support for a localuniversitywhich is naturally the pride of Sarawak,\" Mr Tan pointed out. The creation of the Shell Chair was traced back to the UNIMAS founda- tion stone-laying ceremony by Prime Minister Dato Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad in7993, during which Shell pledged the RM2 million fund for the sponsorship of a research chair in the university. Environmental studies come un- der the purview of the Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Con- servation (IBEC), the university's re- search centre headed by UNIMAS Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research and Services) Prof. Dr Ghazally Ismail and 8 BEnrrl Surr.r., Ocrosen'95 - Jn{urny rccc

a director, Prof. Dr john H. Beaman. Feother Stor These two distinguished gentlemen, considered the brains behind IBEC, displayed and -Crinoid o shared the enthusiasm and passion of their proteges, indicating the high spirit and commit- ment which have germinated within and wiithout the institute;s walls. morine heritoge of Moloysio. Wealth of experience Their working relationship goes back to their Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) days in Sabah when Prof. Ghazally was the dean and Prof. john Beaman was a senior research fellow in the same university. While Prof. Ghazally was directly involved in spearheading the development of what is nowthe world-famous DanumValley Research Centre in Sabah, Prof. Beaman spent 10 years conducting research on a few thousand species of plants and orchids at the Kinabalu National Park and many of his findings have been documented in a book called The Orchid of Kinabalu. Between them, they have written close to 200 papers on their respective research work carried out over the years while Prof. Ghazally has edited six books, ranging from heavy scientific monographs to coffee table publications. \"We may be the eighth university but the intense development of our niche areas could see us leafrogging past the established ranking,\" a gregarious Prof Ghazally ventured recently. One niche area is biodiversity of which Sarawak can be classified as the last bastion for environmental conservation, according to Prof. Ghazally. \"In the new Information Age, a university must be practical in its concept and, for that purpose, we have thus combined biodiversity and environmental conservation under one institute, IBEC.\" UNIMAS is setting its sights on projecting itself as a research university, drawing inspiration from Sarawak's existing strengths. Intent on becoming a proactive, forward- looking and contemporary institution, UNIMAS will not only create and consolidate expertise in specific areas of emerging technologies, but will capitalise on its location and potential of the environment. In fact, customised and focussed on the demands of Malaysia for the 21st century and beyond are key words which UNIMAS dons have articulately chosen to arrive ahead B:nrm Sn+1, Ocroger '95 - JrNurnv rccc 9