Body Systems Flipbook

Body Systems Flipbook Hannah Ogden 2B

Integumentary System Key Terms derm/o dermat/o- Combining forms meaning the skin onych/o- a fingernail, a toenail. myc/o- fungus kerat/o- Prefix that can refer either to the cornea (as pil/o- combining form meaning hair in keratitis and keratoconus) or to \"horny\" tissue lip/o- combining forms meaning fatty, lipid rhytid/o- combining form that means sebum xer/o- dry, dryness which secretes oil albin/o- white, deficient pigmentation. xanth/o- a combining form meaning yellow erythr/o- refers to the color red pedicu/o- the combining form that means fingernail or toenail

Integumentary System Cont. Function: The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves. Its main function is to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It also functions to retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature. Diseases/Conditions: Hives – a skin rash triggered by a reaction to food, medicine or other irritants.Symptoms of hives include itchy, raised, red or skin-colored welts on the skin’s surface. Hives typically go away without treatment. Psoriasis – common chronic, inflammatory skin disorder.The skin will break out in silvery and scaly skin lesions that are itchy. Skin Cancer – skin cancer develops from cells in the skin’s epidermis. It is common in people that have had excessive exposure to sunlight. Warts – harmless skin growths that most commonly appear on the hands, feet and face. Warts are caused by a virus and can look different depending on the situation.

Integumentary System Cont. Healthcare Careers; Dermatologist: specializes in the diagnosis and cure of skin disorders Cosmetologist: work in the health and beauty field, taking care of client's skin hair and nails

Musculoskeletal System Key Terms my/o: is a combining form used like a prefix meaning “muscle.” myel/o: is a combining form used like a prefix meaning “marrow” or “of the spinal cord.” oste/o: combining form meaning bone cost/o: a combining form meaning “rib,” used in the formation of compound words: costoclavicular. crani/o: combining forms meaning the cranium (skull). -pexy: fixation : making fast chondr/o: The definition of chondro means cartilage. An example of chondro is chondroid meaning resembling cartilage. arthr/o: a combining form meaning “joint,” -plegia: paralysis kinesi/o: combining form meaning movement or motion

Musculoskeletal System Cont. Function: supports the weight of the body, bones work together with muscles to maintain body position and to produce controlled, precise movements. Conditions: 1. Osteoporosis: a disease in which the bones become fragile and prone to fracture. 2. Tendinitis: when tendons become irritated or inflamed. Tendinitis causes acute pain and tenderness, making it difficult to move the affected joint. 3. Muscular dystrophy: a group of inherited muscle diseases. These conditions all cause muscle loss and weakness. Some appear in infancy or childhood, and others may not appear until middle age or even later. 4. Rhabdomyolysis: a muscle disease that causes the breakdown of skeletal muscle. This breakdown causes myoglobin release in the bloodstream—a protein that stores oxygen in the muscles. Too much myoglobin in the blood can lead to kidney damage.

Musculoskeletal System Cont. Healthcare Careers: Physical Therapist: movement experts who improve quality of life through prescribed exercise, hands-on care, and patient education Orthopedist: a physician who corrects congenital or functional abnormalities of the bones with surgery, casting, and bracing

Nervous System Key Terms neur/o: combining forms meaning nerve, nerve tissue, the nervous system encephal/o: a combining form meaning brain ambul/o: a combining form meaning walking -esthesia: capacity for sensation and feeling mening/o: combining forms meaning the meninges psych/o: combining forms denoting the mind; mental; psychological concuss/o: shaken together, Violently agitated

Nervous System Cont. Function: involved in receiving information about the environment around us (sensation) and generating responses to that information (motor responses) 1. Alzheimer's disease attacks brain cells and neurotransmitters, affecting the way your brain functions, your memory and the way you behave. 2. Bell’s palsy is a sudden weakness or paralysis in one side of the face. It is caused by inflammation or damage to the facial nerve. It is usually temporary, most people recover without treatment in 3 to 9 months. 3. Cerebral palsy is a condition in which the ability to control muscles is reduced due to nervous system damage before, during or after birth. This nervous system damage affects body movement and posture. It often shows up as either floppy or stiff muscles, or involuntary muscle movements. 4. Parkinson’s disease results from damage to the nerve cells in a region of the brain that produces dopamine, a chemical that is vital for the smooth control of muscles and movement.

Nervous System Cont. Healthcare Careers; Neurosurgeon: A surgeon specializing in the brain Psychologist: a person who studies normal and abnormal mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior by experimenting with, and observing, interpreting, and recording how individuals relate to one another and to their environments.

Special Senses Key Terms Irid/o-: Iris on the eye Tympan-: Eardrum -cusis: Opia-: Opthlam/o: Relating to the ot/o-: Relating to the ear eye -metry: Study of

Special Senses Cont. Function: to detect environmental stimuli and transduce their energy into electrical impulses Healthcare careers: Dermatology (Study of the Skin) & Optometry (Study of the Eye)

Special Senses Diseases/Disorders Deafness: Losing partial or total hearing Microphthalmia: An abnormality of the eye in which both eyeballs are abnormally small. Sensory Processing Disorder: a condition that exists when sensory signals don't get organized into appropriate responses. Cataracts: A clouding in the front of the eye

Respiratory System Key Terms bronch/o: bronch means related to the bronchi, pleur/o: side, rib, lateral the two airways that connect the windpipe to the lungs. pneum/o: prefix pertaining to breathing cyan/o: combining form meaning blue pulmon/o: lungs laryng/o: voice box thorac/o: chest -oxia: oxygen trache/o: a combining form representing trachea Oxy-: containing oxygen or additional oxygen

Respiratory System Cont. Function: Your respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. This system helps your body absorb oxygen from the air so your organs can work. It also cleans waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, from your blood Diseases/Disorders: 1. Cystic fibrosis– an inheritable disease that affects not only the lungs but other systems producing mucus such as the digestive system. Patients suffer frequent lung infections that are hard to treat because mucus is thick and sluggish and result in increased scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. 2. Pneumoconiosis– an abnormal condition of dust in the lungs. A generic name for conditions where toxic particles become trapped in the lungs and cause symptoms and disability such a “black lung” or “miner’s lung” disease. 3. Asthma- a common, chronic respiratory condition that causes difficulty breathing due to inflammation of the airways. 4. Chronic bronchitis- is a form of COPD emphasized by a chronic cough. Usually people cough up sputum (mucus from the lungs). This happens because mucus glands in the airways increase output, and patients have to cough that extra secretion out.

Respiratory System Cont. Healthcare Careers: Respiratory Therapist: a specialized healthcare practitioner trained in critical care and cardio-pulmonary medicine in order to work therapeutically with people suffering from acute critical conditions, cardiac and pulmonary disease. Adult Critical Care Specialist: a specialization in which someone tends to a patients cardiovascular and respiratory needs

Digestive System Key Terms cholecyst/o: meaning gallbladder. gastr/o: the stomach, abdomen enter/o: intestine, (a disease of the or/o: combining form meaning the intestine) mouth col/o, colon/o: large intestine -pepsia: digestion hepat/o: liver chol/e: bile, gall proct/o: combining forms meaning anus

Digestive System Cont. Function: The digestive system is responsible for taking whole foods and turning them into energy and nutrients to allow the body to function, grow, and repair itself. Diseases/Disorders: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)- GERD most often presents as heartburn, but uncontrolled GERD can erode the lining of the esophagus and lead to bleeding. The condition can also cause pain in the chest so extreme that it is sometimes mistaken for a heart attack. Chronic Constipation- is typically defined as having fewer than three bowel movements a week for three weeks or longer. It may also be the case that stools are hard and difficult to pass. Ulcers- A sore that develops on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine. Ulcers occur when stomach acid damages the lining of the digestive tract. Hemorrhoids- Swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that cause discomfort and bleeding. Hemorrhoids are usually caused from straining during bowel movements, obesity, or pregnancy.

Digestive System Cont. Healthcare Careers: Gastrologist: Someone who specializes in the Digestive System and its function Proctologist: A physician specializing in diseases of the rectum and anus

Cardiovascular System Key Terms Cardi/o: Relating to the heart Thromb/o: Clot -emia: Condition of the Blood Angi/o: Relating to the blood vessels Leuk/o: White Blood Cell Hem/o, Hemat/o: Relating to Erythr/o: Red Blood Cell the blood Arteri/o: Relating to the Brady-: Slow Arteries Tachy-: Fast

Cardiovascular Diseases/Disorders Arrhythmia: Abnormal or irregular heart beat Cardiomyopathy: A disease of the heart muscle Deep Vein Thrombosis: Blood clots that form deep within the veins of skin Marfan Syndrome: A genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue, that can lead to many cardiovascular issues, especially in adults.

Cardiovascular System Cont. Function: Circulates blood throughout the body to provide oxygen in order for organs to function Healthcare careers: Cardiology, Cardiac Surgeon

Urinary System Key Terms -cele: tumor or hernia -uria: presence of (a specified substance) in urine -lysis: the gradual decline of a disease process, breaking down -pexy: fixation : making fast cyst/o: combining form denoting a -ectasis: bladder, sac or cyst pyel/o: pelvis nephr/o: kidney

Urinary System Cont. Function: The urinary system's function is to filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product. The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. The body takes nutrients from food and converts them to energy. Diseases/Disorders: 1. Urethritis– inflammation of the urethra, the final pathway for urine in both sexes, and the common pathway for urine and semen in the male. 2. Nocturia– frequently getting up and urinating during the night. 3. Enuresis– involuntary release of urine, most often in reference to “bedwetting.” 4. Nephrolith- is a small, hard deposit that forms in the kidneys and is often painful when passed, also known as a kidney stone.

Urinary System Cont. Healthcare Careers: Urology: provide medical and surgical management for disorders of the urinary tract in both men and women Gynecologist: specialize in care for female health problems. Since the female reproductive tract and the urinary tract system are physically co-located, gynecologists often care for women who have urinary problems such as urinary tract infections. They may also perform surgery that involves the bladder and urethra.

Reproductive System Key Terms Cervic/o: Cervix Mamm/o: breasts Salping/o: fallopian tubes Gynec/o: female reproductive system Ov/o: egg Colp/o: vagina Orchid/o: testicle Prostat/o: prostate gland Oorpho/o: ovary Men/o: menstration

Reproductive System Cont. Function: the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction Diseases/Disorders Endometriosis: Inflammation of the Endometrium PCOS: Cysts that develop within the ovaries HIV/AIDS: An autoimmune disease transmitted sexually Prostate Cancer: Cancer within the prostate glands

Reproductive System Cont. Healthcare Careers: OB/GYN: A doctor who specializes in neonatal care and the female reproductive system Reproductive Biologist: someone who studies the biology of the gamete (sperm and eggs) through to the science behind conception and embryo development.