Health and Safety Construction

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Second editionThis edition published February 2020 by John Gorton, Direct Learning, Sunrise House, 3 Outgaits Lane, Hunmanby, Filey, North Yorkshire, England YO14 0PXEmail [email protected] @ John Gorton 2012All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without the permission of the copyright colder or publisher.

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1IntroductionWelcome to this course of 5 units on Health and Safety in Construction.Units 1 to 5 are learning units about Health and Safety in Construction. These units have a six question multiple choice test at the end so you can see how you’ve done.These five units are:Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at workUnit 2 Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplaceUnit 3 Know the importance of working safely at height in the workplaceUnit 4 Know the risks to health within a construction environmentUnit 5 Know the importance of working around plant and equipment safely

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1AssessmentIn order to get a certificate, there is a final test set by the awarding organisation where the questions will be similar to the ones you’re doing. Preparation for the testAt the end of each unit / chapter there will be six multiple choice questions for you to answer.You need to get four out of six questions correct to pass. If you do get at least four correct in each of the four units / chapters you are very likely to pass the real test. The answers to these questions are easy to find so you can check how you are doing. Hence, it’s not a good idea to cheat.In addition, there are “Activities” throughout the units / chapters for you to do so you can see how much you’ve understood.

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1IntroductionThis programme is all about health and safety in the construction field.It’s aimed at people who are working or who wish to work in this area. Construction is seen as the work area where a large number of accidents occur. Hence this programme is to make you more aware of the dangers you may face and how to help keep yourself safe.Unit 1This unit introduces aspects of health and safety such as risks and hazards. It also looks at the number of serious injuries and deaths that occur each year in construction.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Some things people say about Health and Safety are:•‘It won’t happen to me’•‘Accidents always happen’•‘You worry too much’•‘I was only moving the guard’Hopefully you will never be injured but prevention is better than hospitalREMEMBER: Don’t take risks - you’re worth more than that!Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Deaths and injuriesThere are many deaths and injuries in construction.The numbers Construction causes:•a third of all deaths at work,1 in 3, (33%)•a tenth of all serious accidents at work,1 in 10, (10%) But•Only 1 in 20 of all workers (5%) work in construction.ConstructionSo it’sa very high risk industry.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Killed and seriously injuredWorking in construction in 2013/14:•42 people were killed•1900 people were seriously injured.Don’t be a number!!Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Real people, real injuriesThis video shows the effect of accidents and injuries on people’s lives.Watch the video.https://youtube/ZHmJz77TOTAUnit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 1Accidents and ill health can ruin lives and businesses. Here are some of the effects of accidents. Some things affect you or your family while others affect the business. For each one decide if it will mostly affect the person and their family ORthe business. Death / InjuryLost wagesFamily has to care for injured personDelay to work Poverty for familyLegal costsDamage to reputationUnit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at workAffects you or familyAffects the business

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 1 AnswerAccidents and ill health can ruin lives and businesses. Here are some of the effects of accidents. Some things affect you or your family while others affect the business. For each one decide if it will mostly affect the person and their family ORthe business. Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at workCorrect answer: Death – you or familyLost wages – you or familyFamily has to care – you or familyDelay to work – BusinessPoverty for family – You or familyLegal costs - BusinessDamage to reputation – BusinessFeedback: Obviously you or your family will be affected by your death or injury and someone may have to care for you and you may suffer poverty. The business may be affected by delays to the work and the legal costs of an accident as well as it may lose its good reputation for safety which could affect its chances of getting other contracts.

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Accidents and ill health can ruin lives and businesses. Case studyRead the following case study and answer the question on the next page.Having a laugh Two young workers were throwing things at each other in a builder’s yard. One was hit on his head and had to be taken to hospital. He had eight stitches.AngryThe boss got angry because he couldn’t get things to his customer on time. The customer was also angry.SackedBoth workers were sacked. The boss said they were acting in an unsafe way. He said it was called “gross misconduct”.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 2Who suffered as a result of the incident on the previous page?Select ONE answer only.•The workers•The boss •The customer•All three.Correct answer: All three.Feedback: The workers suffered because they were both sacked and one was injured and the boss and customer didn’t get the work done on time.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 3The common causes of construction accidentsHere’s a list of the most common accidents in construction.Which of them causes the highest number of serious injuries and which the least?Place them in the correct order in the table below:Slips and tripsFalls from heightHit by falling objectsLifting stuff.1234Correct answer: 1) Falls from height 2) Slips and trips 3) Hit by falling objects 4) Lifting stuffFeedback: The most serious injuries are obviously caused by falling from height. However, slips and trips cause many serious injuries more than being hit by falling objects and from lifting stuff. Last year there were1900 SERIOUS injuries in construction. Falls from height seriously hurt 581 people, Slips and trips 520, Being hit by falling objects seriously hurt 250 and Lifting stuff seriously hurt 170. Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Deaths in constructionForty two construction workers died in 2013-14.FallsMore deaths are caused by falls at height than any other reason. Here are the common reasons for deaths in 13/14:Falls from height – 19 deathsHit by falling objects - 3 deathsSlips and trips - 1 deathLifting stuff – no deathsOther incidents – 19 deaths. Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 4True or falseDecide if these are true or false by using the information on the last two pages. Falling from height causes the most deaths and injuries True/FalseSlips and trips causes many deaths but few injuries True/FalseThere are no deaths caused by lifting. True/FalseCorrect answers:Falling from height causes the most deaths and injuries – TrueSlips and trips causes many deaths but few injuries -falseThere are no deaths caused by lifting - trueFeedback: Falling from height causes the most deaths and THE MOST injuries.Slips and trips cause few deaths but MANY injuries.There are no deaths caused by lifting.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Hazards and RisksA hazard is anything with the potential to cause harmA risk is the CHANCE of an accident happening.ExampleA hazard is a chainsaw.Risk – if the worker is trained properly and is wearing the correct safety equipment the risk of an accident is much lower.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Control measuresControl measures are things that are used to lessen the chance of an accident happening. ExampleSafety guards on machines and wearing goggles etc are control measures used to prevent accidents.Example with kidsA bottle of paracetamol is a hazard for a small child. S/he might think they’re sweets. A proper safety cap that kids can’t undo is an example of a control measure.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 5Here are three hazards and three control measures used to reduce the harm they can cause.Select the hazard and then select the control measure that applies to it.Hazard•Water on stairs•Loud noises at work•Construction dust.Control measure•Wear a breathing mask•Mop up the water•Ear defenders.Correct answers:HazardControl measureWater on stairsMop up waterLoud noises at workEar defendersConstruction dustBreathing maskFeedback:. The hazard of water on the stairs can be easily controlled by mopping it up and placing a “wet floor” sign by it. Loud noises at work can be controlled by ear defenders and a breathing mask should be worn to control the harm caused by construction dust.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Accidents and near missesAccidentAn accident is something which causes damage or injury. It is not planned.Near missA near miss is when an accident NEARLY happens.Planes and near missesPlanes should never be less than 3 miles apart and 1,000 above or below each other. Report themAll “near misses” should be reported in order to stop a near miss becoming an real accident.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 6Which of the following is an accident and which is a near miss?Tools drop from a top shelf landing near a worker Accident / Near missA labourer is hit by a lorry causing a broken leg Accident / Near missA roofer slips on a roof but escapes a fall by grabbing a pipe Accident / Near missA builder uses a ladder to repair gutters. He falls 2 metres. He is lucky to escape with cuts and bruises. Accident / Near missCorrect answer:Tools drop from a top shelf landing near a worker - Near missA labourer is hit by a lorry causing a broken leg - Accident A roofer slips on a roof but escapes a fall by grabbing a pipe - Near missA builder uses a ladder to repair gutters. He falls 2 metres. He is lucky to escape with cuts and bruises. Accident.Feedback:. Tools being dropped but injuring no one and a builder grabbing a pipe to stop him/herself falling are both examples of near misses. A labourer being hit by a lorry and a fall from 2 metres are accidents.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Competence This means having the knowledge, skills and experience to carry out work. A person who is competent is aware of the hazards and risks.All of these things can help make a person competent.Training An apprenticeship ExperienceMentoring Work shadowing Qualifications A training course A combination of the above is usually needed for a person to be competent. Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 7 Typical HazardsAll of these may be a hazard.Match the following three hazards up with their description..Correct answer.Obstructions - A bag of cement in a doorway is an obstruction hazard.Storage - Things could fall off shelves if they’re not put away properlyEquipment - Any tool can harm you if used without care and attention.Feedback: A bag of cement in a doorway is an obstruction hazard.Things which could fall off shelves are storage hazards. Any tool which could harm you is an equipment hazard. Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at workHazardDescriptionObstructions Any tool can harm you if used without care and attentionStorage Things could fall off shelves if they’re not put away properlyEquipmentA bag of cement in a doorway could cause you to trip over it

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 8Typical HazardsMatch the following three hazards up with the three pictures.Waste Work activities Services. Correct answer. Waste = graphic of nail in woodWork activities = man on scaffoldingServices = Overhead power linesFeedback. Correct answer. Well done. Waste can be a hazard such as nails left in an old piece of wood. Any work activity can be hazardous especially involving working at height. Services such as overhead power lines are especially dangerous.Feedback. Incorrect answer. Incorrect answer. Waste can be a hazard such as nails left in an old piece of wood. Any work activity can be hazardous especially involving working at height. Services such as overhead power lines are especially dangerous.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Risk Assessment 1A risk assessment is something that all employers have to do. It is to look at the job to be done and see how safe it is to do.All bosses and self-employed workers have a legal responsibility to carry out a risk assessmentbefore they start work. If there are 5 or more workers the risk assessment will need to be recorded in writing.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Risk Assessment 2To help reduce the risk of accidents and injuries a risk assessmentis carried out. This shows:•All the hazards•Their level of risk•Things to put in place to reduce the risk.VideoHere is a video featuring Napo. You will meet Napo a number of times whilst going through these units.Napo is a worker who tries to do the right thing but does not always get it right!In this video Napo shows us some common risks and shows us why risk assessment is important. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTbonpb6hZEUnit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Method StatementsThese give workers a step by step guide of how a job is to be carried out. They show how a job can be done in a safe manner and without risks to health.ImportantIt’s important that a METHOD statement is:•Clear•Short•Easy to follow.Otherwise workers may simply ignore it!Follow itIf the job you are doing has a method statement it’s important that you follow it. If you don’t understand it then ask your supervisor before you start.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Accident bookWhen you start work you will be told what to do if you have an accident or near miss.Report all accidentsYou will usually need to report all accidents and near misses in an accident book.You will also need to inform your boss.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 9Read the accident form and then answer the question.What can the supervisor do to reduce the risk of Dylan’saccident happening again?Select ONE answer only.Put security fencing around the siteMake sure everyone wears a hard hat Buy new lifting equipment Give training on keeping the work area tidy.Correct answer Give training on keeping the work area tidy.Feedback correct answer. Well done. Training to keep the workplace tidy will help reduce the risk of Dylan’s accident happening. The other three things could be good safety measures but are not relevant to Dylan’s accident. Feedback incorrect answer. Incorrect answer. Training to keep the workplace tidy will help reduce the risk of Dylan’s accident happening. The other three things could be good safety measures but are not relevant to Dylan’s accident. Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at workAccident Report Form1) About the person:Name: Dylan WhiteAddress: xxxxxxxxxxOccupation: Apprentice Joiner2) Reported by (if not the person above)NameAddressOccupation3) About the incident:Say when it happened; Date9/10/2015Time 2.30pmSay where it happened:In the builder’s yard.Say how it happened: Give the cause if you can:I fell over some pipes and cables that had been left in the way.If the person who had the accident suffered an injury, say what it was.I had a cut on my knee that bled and some bruising on my right leg.4) For the employee only By ticking this box I give my consent to my employer to disclose personal information and details of the accident which appear on the form to safety representatives and representatives of employee safety for them to carry out the health and safety functions given to them by law.Signature Dylan WhiteDate 9/10/2020

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Reporting of Incidents to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE)RIDDOR is an Act of Parliament which says employers MUST report to the HSE the following:•Work accidents causing deaths•Work accidents causing serious injury•Some industrial diseases•Dangerous Occurrences.WebThe HSE can be informed by through their website. http://www.hse.gov.uk/riddor/report.htmOn the bottom of Dylan’s accident report there is a section for the employer. This needs to be filled in if the accident needs to be reported under the RIDDOR regulations.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work5) For the employer only Complete this box if the accident is reportable under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) To report the accident to the Health & Safety Executive go to:http://www.hse.gov.uk/riddor/report.htmDate reported xxx Signature xxxxxxxxxxx

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 10Dylan had a cut on his knee and some bruising. It was relatively minor.Do you think Dylan’s accident needed to be reported to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE)?Select ONE answer only.YesNo.Correct answer. No.Feedback: Dylan’s injury was quite minor and hence it did not need reporting to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) It just needed recording in the accident book. The HSE has a list of specified injuries that need to be reported.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1End of Unit TestOn the following pages you'll find six questions about this unit. The answers are at the end.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Question 1A method statement is:Select ONE answer only•A waste of time•A legal requirement •Good practice •Hard to understand.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Question 2 Which of these is responsible for most deaths in construction?Select ONE answer only•Slips and trips•Hit by falling object•Lifting stuff•Falls from height.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Question 3 Which of the following is a near miss?Select ONE answer only•Minor cuts and bruises caused by a fall•Tools falling from a roof and landing near a worker •A worker getting an electric shock from faulty tools•A strained back from lifting heavy boxes.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Question 4 Which of these is a hazard associated with Services?Select ONE answer only•Food waste left around a site•Building supplies blocking a fire exit•Work near underground gas pipes•Working on a roof.Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Question 5 A risk is?Select ONE answer only•Something that may cause harm•The chance of a hazard causing harm•Something that nearly caused an accident •Something causing an accident..Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Question 6 If you have a minor accident at work Select ONE answer only•Report it in the accident book•Let your best friend know•Don’t tell anyone•Ring for an ambulance..Unit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Unit 1 answersQuestion 1A method statement is:Correct answer – Good practiceQuestion 2 Which of these is responsible for most deaths in construction?Correct answer – Falls from heightQuestion 3 Which of the following is a near miss?Correct answer – Tools falling from a roof and landing near a worker.Question 4 Which of these is a hazard associated with Services?Correct answer – Work near underground gas pipes.Question 5 A risk is?Correct answer – The chance of a hazard causing harmQuestion 6 If you have a minor accident at work Correct answer – Report it in the accident bookUnit 1 Know the principles of risk assessment for maintaining and improving health and safety at work

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1This unitThis unit is about manual handling. Bad manual handling is a major problem in the construction industry. It also hurts a lot and messes up your life.Manual handlingThis means:Lifting and loweringCarryingPushingPulling.Unit 2 Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplace

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Manual handling and injuryRead this case study and then answer the question on the following page.Case study 1Dave worked on a building site. His boss asked him to carry some bags of sand using a sack barrow. He couldn’t be bothered using the sack barrow and lifted them without help. He felt his back pull. By the end of the day he was in lots of pain. He had to take strong pain killers. Dave was off work for 6 months. His boss refused to pay him because he did not use the sack barrow. Unit 2 Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplace

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 1Complete these sentences by putting in the correct words.Dave was angry because he lost pay and was in a lot of _______.His employer was mad because he lost a good __________.Dave should have used a _________________ to carry the bags of sand.Worker Sack barrow Pain.Unit 2 Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplaceCorrect Answer.Dave was angry because he lost pay and was in a lot of pain.His employer was mad because he lost a good worker.Dave should have used a sack barrowto carry the bags of sand.

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Wood store injuryCase study 2Read the following case study and then answer the question on the next page.Aryan Khan worked in a wood storeThe forklift truck had broken. Aryan was told to lift some heavy materials by hand. He strained his back. He was off work for 5 months. Aryan sued his boss and won £3,800 compensation. His employer was found to be negligent / at fault for not providing the equipment or training for the safe handling of goods. Unit 2 Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplace

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 2Why do you think Aryan got compensation for his injury while Dave got no compensation?Select TWO answers only.•Aryan’s injury was caused by his employer telling him to do something unsafe•Dave was stronger than Aryan•Dave’s injury was caused by himself because he wouldn’t use the sack barrow•Aryan did it in order to get compensation.Unit 2 Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplaceCorrect Answer.Dave was angry because he lost pay and was in a lot of pain.His employer was mad because he lost a good worker.Dave should have used a sack barrowto carry the bags of sand.

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Manual handling injuries and ill healthManual handling can cause many injuries in the construction industry. Incorrect manual handling can causes musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Your muscoskeletal system (Muscles and bones) causes movement of your body. Any MSD is likely to restrict movement as well as cause a lot of pain. They can also take a long time to heal. Prevention is very much better than cure!Unit 2 Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplace

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1There are three hotspots on the diagram. Select each one to see a different Musculoskeletal disorder. There are two more on the next page.Repetitive Strain Injury(Hotspot over elbow)The name gives a clue to how this happens - repeated movement and overuse. It can occur in wrist, hand, elbow, neck or shoulder. It can cause pain, tenderness and cramping.Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (hotspot over hand)This is quite common. It can be caused by hard, repetitive work. The hand can feel numb and painful. Sciatica (hotspot over leg)A nerve called the sciatic nerve is trapped. It can be very painful with pain usually in the buttocks (bum) and legs. Unit 2 Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplace

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Here are the other two hotspots. Select each one to see a different Musculoskeletal disorder.Bad Back( hotspot over lower back)This may be due to a slipped disc. This is when the discs between the bones of the spine are damaged. They press on the nerves causing lots of pain.Muscle Strain (hotspot over leg)It can be painful. Recovery is often quicker than the other MSDs here. However, you need to rest the muscle to allow it to heal.Unit 2 Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplace

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Activity 3Which of these can be caused by incorrect manual handling? Select THREE only.•Cancer•Bad Back•Measles•Flu•Sciatica•Repetitive Strain Injury.Unit 2 Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplaceCorrect Answer.Dave was angry because he lost pay and was in a lot of pain.His employer was mad because he lost a good worker.Dave should have used a sack barrowto carry the bags of sand.

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Your responsibilities Employees (workers) have a responsibility to work safely following health and safety guidelines. GuidelinesThese guidelines need to be followed at all times when working on a construction site, not just when manual handling:•Follow method statements and any training you have been given •Use equipment and safety devices provided•Co-operate with your employer (boss)•Report any safety hazards to your boss•Take care of yourself and others. Obvious reallyIt’s common sense, but if you do not follow these guidelines then it could lead to injury to yourself or others. Unit 2 Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplace

Health and Safety in a Construction Environment Level 1Your ResponsibilitiesCase Study 3 Read this case study about a worker called Carlos then answer the question on the next page.Carlos worked at a builder’s merchant. There was a lot of lifting of stuff. His employer (boss) had reduced the risk of manual handling. She had done the following:•Provided training on safe lifting when Carlos began work •Made equipment available to help with the lifting•Trained Carlos on using the equipment.Weight lifterBut Carlos was a weight lifter and “worked out”. He couldn’t be bothered using the equipment. He lifted the heavy loads by hand. His employer kept reminding him to use the equipment. He noticed that his back was becoming sore but ignored this. However, one morning his back hurt so much he could not get out of bed. His doctor said he had a slipped disc. He was off work for ages. Unit 2 Know the importance of safe manual handling in the workplace