important reading skill and one which will be of particular 6 sleep soundly help with the gapped reading task in Part 6 of the Reading think hard and Use of English paper. OD work hard im argue passionately drink heavily He refers to Volker Sommer. listen attentively There refers to Nigeria's Gashaka Gumti national park. The former refers to the chimpanzees. 7 The latter refers to sticks. His refers to Volker Sommer. ~ Their refers to the ants. <! performing acquire say making chosen This refers to the behaviour of the ants, i.e. biting to defend f made their colony. They refers to the chimpanzees. 8 Check students understand the meaning of put your foot in it (to say or do something that upsets, offends or embarrasses someone). Exam pradke: Gapped text ~ 2 Read the Tip with the class and ask students to read through a keep catch caught d put keep f putting the text quickly once for gist before they begin the task. 9 You can remind students of the difference between make Check that they understand the meaning of these words and and do before they attempt this task. Do is often used to phrases: help yourself (take something for yourself); deceive I talk about someone performing an action or a task (e.g. do deception (to persuade someone that something false is the homework, do housework) and general activities that do not real or true); on tiptoe (on your toes, with the heel of your foot produce a physical object at the end (e.g. do something I off the ground). nothing, do business). Make, on the other hand is used when ma actually creating or constructing something and there is a 1 G A D 4 B 5 F Ii c physical or at least a tangible result at the end (e.g. make a meal, make money, make a mistake). u Sentence Eis not used. c 4iD E do business with sb make a mistake do the cooking make money (].) Over to you do damage make a noise make a decision make a profit ..s,.:.:.:,. make an effort make progress 3 Students' own answers. do exercises do research i~'~ Vocabulary Think ahead make fun of sb make sb an offer make a fuss make a suggestion 1 Students' own answers. do the housework make trouble 2 do a job do your best C!@l.$WOOl@M#WJ@ 10 made I make I were making De-stress, eat healthy food and don't eat for at least two hours before you go to bed, drink hot milk before you go to ~ bed, have a warm bath before going to bed, try to think of does b making restful things as you fall asleep, do enough exercise so that makes I is making you feel tired at night, etc. 3 Students' own answers. 11 Collocations an 4 Eight Exam pr~u.:tke~ Mult~ple-choke do:ze ~ 12 B 1 soundly face deepest ~ 5 1C D A B c ilm serious ~ hard heavy €: serious heavy Over to you close 13 Students' own answers. strong
Writing Part 1 pagos 5 Think ahead ~ The American rock legend Kurt Cobain was born on February 1 & 2 Students' own answers. 2Qth 1967 in the state of Washington. He formed Nirvana in 1987 and the band broke into the mainstream with 'Smells 3 like Teen Spirit' in 1991. Although he went on to achieve worldwide success, Cobain remained a deeply troubled man. mD Cobain's problems started from an early age. His parents, who had a stormy marriage, finally divorced when he was It is probably true to say that most people believe that if they nine. Cobain lived first with his father, until he remarried, and were rich they would be happy. The question is whether then with his mother. However, he did not get on with his money makes people happy or whether there are other new step-father, who he couldn't stand. factors which contribute more to happiness. Having got into drugs when he was still a teenager, Cobain There is no actual proof that being rich makes people was never able to kick the habit. Tragically, he took his own ~·In fact, evidence seems to show the opposite: some life in 1994. He was just 27 years of age. billionaires suffer from depression, and more than one lottery winner has regretted their win. (example) Over to you There are several other happiness factors we need to 6 Students' own answers. consider. People are important. (example) Human beings are social beings and we feel happiest when we are not Exam practke: Essay alone. (reason) A stable family life and a circle of good friends are also important. (example) Work too can make 7 Read the Tip with the class before students start the task and us happy. (example) If we have a job which gives us a sense remind them they can refer to the Writing guide on page 178 of fulfilment, this can also give us a feeling of well-being. for an overview of how to plan and structure an essay. (explanation) However, possibly it's the simplest pleasures that bring us most happiness: things like reading a good Unit 6 Review book or walking in the sunshine. (example) In summary, in my view, money may bring us short-lived im correctly limited 4 knowledge happiness. Long-term happiness depends on a combination consistent scientific probability of other factors which will probably vary from person to actually person. sensible Exam skms 2 clearing dealing; to work d to say 4 to get g meeting 11 moving «m sm :m to post Capital letters for the first letter of a first, middle and last name: John Paul Getty Jr. using Two commas to show additional information. Full stop I period to show the sentence has finished. 3 Capital letter for the first letter of a sentence to show that it is a new sentence. ~ heavy Capital letter for the first letter of the name of the day of a soundly b strong; strong c severe !l make the week: Saturday. Full stop I period to show the sentence has finished. came up with strong Comma to indicate a pause after Not surprisingly. d Colon to show that a list is following to further clarify the You may like to give students the UnitTest on pages 97-98 for point made in the first part of the sentence. this unit Commas to separate the different words in the list. Capital letters for the first letters of key words which name something like a film or a prize: Slumdog Millionaire; Oscars. Capital letter for the first word of a new sentence: It ... Apostrophe to replace the letter i in the contraction It's (It is). Comma to separate the two different parts of the sentence. Full stop I period to show the sentence has finished. 51
Introduction Grammar 1 This discussion is based on the students' own answers. Passive verbs Encourage the students to make comparisons between 1 Encourage the students to refer to the appropriate section of themselves and how they spend their free time and the people and activities shown in the pictures. the Grammar reference on page 167 to help them with the following tasks. 2 Students' own answers. OD Reading and Use of English Parts a is being created: passive; present continuous b are offered: passive; present simple Think ahead c will be changed: passive; future simple, will future d are losing: active; present continuous 1 & 2 Students' own answers. e have been blamed: passive; present perfect simple f are sent back: passive; present simple Exam practice: Multiple choice 2 3 Ask the students to read the text quickly before they begin OD the task. Check they have understood the main ideas by The passive is formed with be in the appropriate tense (present, past, etc.) and the past participle of the main verb. Q) asking: What does 'weisure' mean? (it's a combination of the E words 'work' and 'leisure; reflecting the fact that people mix 3 Q) the two much more than in the past) How has technology OD Q) a We I people are creating a phenomenon called 'weisure '-- contributed to weisure? (laptops and smartphones allow time'. people to stay in contact with their workplace all the time, b ... the internet offers many opportunities for that. or conversely, their friends and family whilst at work) What c ... what is disturbing is the idea that weisure will change are some ofthe reasons why people want to mix work and play? us. (because they have to work longer hours and because, for d Our so called private life is being lost (by us) ... many people, work is more interesting and fun than it was e ... anger against the bankers and politicians who(m) we in the past) What is the main problem with weisure? (we are have blamed for our social and economic problems. losing our private lives and never have time to relax) f ... unless a natural disaster of some kind sends us back to Direct students' attention to the Tip and remind them to the Stone Age ... underline the key words in the questions so they know what The changes alter the focus by changing the subject of the information to search for the second time they start reading sentences. the text. 4 OD 1C 2A 30 4B 5C 60 4 OD OD a unpaid volunteers b their (some employees') managers a blurring: becoming less distinct b merging: combining and becoming one 5 c the economic ladder: the series of stages by which progress OD is made economically d Stone Age: the very early period of human history when a Society I people in general perform the action. This is not mentioned because it is obvious I not necessary for the tools and weapons were made of stone there's no turning back the clock: it is impossible to go back meaning of the sentence. to the past b the internet c weisure d we (active sentence) 52
Society I people in general perform the action. This is not ~~ mentioned because it is obvious I not necessary for the You can have I get your teeth cleaned, extracted, x-rayed, meaning of the sentence. capped or crowned. a natural disaster of some kind People go to the hairdresser's to have I get their hair cut, trimmed, washed, coloured or dyed. 6 are reserved People take their cars to garages to have I get them serve repaired I checked or serviced. Oll is included You could have I get your hair cut or have I get some be booked plastic surgery done. is guaranteed is made I will be made is located 12 Students' own answers. 3 are furnished have Exam prnctke: Open doze are equipped 13 Direct students' attention to the Tip before they start the task 7 and remind them to study the words on either side of the gap to help them identify what part of speech the missing (3D word is. You will be met at Heathrow Airport and driven into central London by one of our chauffeurs. You will be put up in a ~ five-star hotel close to Harrods, the world's most famous yourself an are 4 you :~ out 6 be with department store. A luxury suite has been reserved for you on than the tenth floor. In addition to this, you will be given £20,000 'pocket money' by the competition organizers. This money can be spent as you like. have I get something done Vocabu!ary page 86 8 Thank~head ~ 1 Newspaper headlines can be challenging for learners The professionals. The computers. This is a passive sentence, with the focus to understand because they often omit the main verb, being on the more boring parts of some jobs. which has to be inferred, and feature clusters of several :: This is a causative sentence where the focus is on the fact nouns together. Explain this to students and tell them that that professionals arrange or organize the activity but do not do it themselves. identifying the main noun or nouns in each headline will be the key to understanding it, as well as matching it with the correct sport. 9 tm tennis golf motor racing E athletics cycling boxing «m football 1! This has a causative meaning: 'he' arranged for the tooth to F basketball be filled. This has a non-causative meaning. This is something which Sporrt$ VO(abulary happened to him, but he did not arrange or organize it. 2 10 Encourage students to consult the appropriate section of the Grammar reference on page 168 for a review of causative ~ Someone who plays football is a footballer. structures and help with this task. Someone who plays tennis is a tennis player. Someone who plays golf is a golfer. ~ Someone who goes motor racing is a racing driver. ;' I had I got my hair cut in a completely different style by the Someone who does athletics is an athlete. Someone who plays basketball is a basketball player. hairdresser. Someone who goes cycling is a cyclist. We've had our apartment repainted by a decorator. Someone who boxes is a boxer. ' I'm going to have my video repaired next week by an electrician. 3 I'm having my jacket cleaned at a specialist cleaner's. '\" The council have just had the town hall rebuilt. ~;i:m~imD football: football, football boots, nets golf: golf clubs, golf balls, tees motor racing: racing car, crash helmet athletics: starting blocks, starting pistol, running shoes 53
basketball: basketball, basketball hoops lJl11it!!Cliale!A There are some quite interesting things to do cycling: bike, helmet , here, aren't there? I'd find designing websites really exciting. boxing: gloves, shorts, gum shield B Okay, but we've got to think about what most 4 students would enjoy, so let's think about them one at a time. What about martial arts - do you think that would be mi popular? on a pitch: football Yes, probably, but only with a few people. on a course: golf Karate's like fighting, and most people I know wouldn't be on a court: tennis, basketball, badminton, volleyball interested in that. on a circuit: cycling, motor racing Yes, but it's also a way of keeping fit, so it might on a (race)track: horse racing, athletics be popular with more people than you think. If you ask me, in a pool: swimming, diving I'm sure appreciating modern music would be really popular, in a gym: gymnastics, weightlifting although I suppose it depends on what they mean by in a ring: boxing, wrestling modern music. in a rink: ice skating Yes, I don't think people would be interested if it was modern classical music. 5 No, I think you're right. But if it was modern pop ~ music, I bet it would attract a lot of interest. But I don't quite know how you would appreciate it. 1A 2D c B 5B A A No, that sounds a bit serious, doesn't it? I know Over to you one or two of my friends would really love to debate social 6 Students' own answers. and political issues, but I can't imagine most people I know showing any interest in those kinds of subjects at all - I'm OJ Speaking Part 3 pages1 absolutely certain they'd find debates really boring. You said you'd enjoy website design, didn't you? E Exam skills (;i~1[ii~i;il·\" A Yes, I did - and I know loads of other people 0) who'd love it. You can do so many things with computers now. OJ 1 Check the students understand what all the activities involve What kind of website would you like to design 7 '- I'd love to design one with lots of animation. Really? How about researching local history? I - for example, you may need to explain that taking part in know one or two of my friends who might quite like that. debates and being part of a debating society is a tradition No, I'm afraid that wouldn't interest me at all. I've in many anglophone universities in Britain, North America never been very keen on history of any kind. Thank you. Now you have about a minute to decide and Australia. Groups of students meet to debate or discuss which two activities would be most popular with students a topic in a formal way. There are usually two sides, each you know. representing a point of view, and appointed people have a limited amount of time to speak persuasively 'for' or'against' the topic. There is time for questions, and at the end, the audience have to vote for the side which has made their case the most effectively. 2 CID Candidate B thinks that karate is a way of keeping fit, but Candidate A thinks that karate's like fighting, and most people he knows wouldn't be interested in that. b Website designing and debating social and political issues. Audioscript 2·01 Ei:am~r.!!r Now, I'd like you to talk about something together for about two minutes. I'd like you to imagine that a . secondary school is planning some after-school leisure activities for its students. Here are some of the activities that are being considered and a question for you to discuss. First, you have some time to look at the task. Now, talk to each other about how popular each of these activities might be with students.
3 I'm sure bet don't quite 2 I'm absolutely certain mD ~ Verbs: approve of sth; compare sth to I with sth; forgive sb probably might for sth; pay for sth know can't imagine (Note: there is no difference in meaning between compare to and compare with.) PrornJJ ru::iation Nouns: an awareness of sth; interest in sth; amazement at sth; enthusiasm for sth 4 Adjectives: keen on sth; jealous of sb; late for sth; right ab10Jut sth mD Exam practice: Multiple-choke doze <i 1 nine; 2 seven; 3 eight; 4 ten; 5 nine They are pronounced in their weak form. 3 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task. (Note: in fast natural speech certain words are normally pronounced in their weak forms, unless we want to stress Remind them to read through the text quickly first, ignoring them, in which case we use the strong form.) the gaps to get an idea of the general meaning before Audioscript 2·02 reading in detail. Ask them what they think the title Recharge your batteries means (take a rest so that you can continue I enjoy swimming but only in an outdoor pool. I like to be doing something active. working well). I was going to say playing football, too. I could name a lot of things I like doing. lm I like reading and going out with friends best. C heading 2 A prepare 3 D break Bworth Exam practice: Collaborative task C top 6 D talk 7 A hesitate 3 B In fact c:. 3 5 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task listening Part 1 ro and remind them again that in Parts 3 and 4 of the Speaking Think ahead paper, they need to demonstrate not just that they can speak but also that they can communicate effectively: the way in 1 which they manage communication with their partner will be just as important as the points they put across. Gi@).$1hJif41~'-tATJ@M rock, hip hop, folk, dance, pop, easy listening, reggae, trip Encourage them to use the expressions from 3 to express hop certainty and uncertainty. Using uncertain language and hedging is a good way to sound natural. While students b situations might include: (night)clubs; the gym; in shops; are doing the task, monitor their discussions and provide while travelling feedback to the class about their performance. (Did they express their opinions clearly, supporting them with c reasons might include: relaxation; dancing; they might be reasons and examples? Did they listen to each other's ideas studying music appropriately?) Exam practice: Multiph~~ choice Reading and Use of English 2 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task. Part 1 µ;igess Give them some time to read and think about the questions Exam skms before they listen to the recording. 1 Tell students that regular reading in English will help them '3BI become familiar with the most common verb+ prepositional C C 3A B 5C B B c combinations in English like the ones in these tasks. In the meantime, it will help them to try and learn any of the Audioscript 2·03 collocations here that they are unfamiliar with. You will hear people talking in eight different mDl fear t capable accused situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, B or C).Question 1. You hear someone being interviewed. do Mcm Definitely jazz - any kind, really- traditional or modern. I don't exactly know what it is about it that appeals to me. It's not just the music; it's the atmosphere in the clubs and the people you meet at concerts. I quite like other kinds of music as well: blues, soul, world, even some classical. But I have to say, I'm not that keen on pop. It all sounds the same to me these days - a sure sign that I'm getting middle-aged. Question 2. You hear someone describing an event she went to.
·.~ ! 1 ' \\'1/om!'lli It was amazing. My friend and me were right at the when this wonderful Indian music started playing. It was front. We were in the most expensive seats. But even there incredible - my anxiety completely disappeared and I relaxed it was almost impossible to hear anything. As soon as they my whole body. came on and started playing, everyone went mad. You could just about hear the bass and the drums from time to Question 8. You hear someone talking about the time, but the words were completely inaudible. We could see , beneficial effects of music. their mouths opening and closing, but nothing seemed to Wim1<ir. We now use music to help them recover - come out. especially if they're here for a long stay. Experimenting with r~arrat©r Question 3. You hear someone describing different kinds of music, we've found that certain sounds something she finds annoying. have the power to change moods and emotional states for the better. Many of them come to us shattered, angry and W'@m<m It's everywhere you go these days. I was on the train full of pain, both physical and mental. They've had their lives on the way to work last week. A girl came and sat next to reduced to a bed and a locker. We try to bring peace to their me. I was trying to read a report and all I could hear was • body and their mind. this repetitive drumming noise - sort of disco music, I Over you suppose. I just couldn't concentrate. I've got a friend who listens when he goes jogging. That's OK, because he's 3 Students' own answers. not disturbing anyone. But in public places they're a real nuisance - a blatant case of noise pollution if you ask me. Writing Part 2 - Email/ letter 11age9o Question 4. You hear the presenter of a radio Think ahead programme talking. M<111 I've got an email here from Mrs Johnson. She'd like fii11:J®#!M~f>1!A!A%B to have Love Hurts played for her son Michael. Mum sends job applications, complaints, enquiries, correspondence ' you her love, Michael, wherever you are. She's asked me to with professionals tell you that she loves you very much and says please, please, Students' own answers. please contact her before your birthday- she doesn't want to lose touch with you. Just a phone call would do. You don't r, There are alternative cheaper, quicker and more have to tell her where you are if you don't want to. So, for convenient ways of contacting people: text message, Michael Johnson, here's Love Hurts from your mum. phone, email, social networking sites. There are fewer Narrnllor Question 5. You hear someone talking about their occasions when formal letters are expected. favourite situation for listening to music. M1:m I had a CD player fitted in the boot a few months ago. Exam skills It takes six CDs at a time. So you get your favourite CDs, put it on random, and off you go. The good thing about random 2 is you don't know which CO or which track you're going to hear next. You get to listen to different kinds of music mJl without having to stop or take your hands off the wheel. And you can have the volume turned up as high as you like. The main purpose of the letter is to apply for a job. It's brilliant on long journeys. b Information should include details of the applicant's Mam1tof Question 6. You will hear someone talking about a common human experience. relevant experience and suitability for this job. VVm1un It's very strange, you just have to hear a certain The style should be rather formal, as it is an application for sound or catch a whiff of a particular smell and everything comes flooding back. I mean, I can remember exactly a job. where I was when I heard Madonna's first hit. It was a winter evening. I was in my mother's kitchen making myself a 3 cheese sandwich. I only have to hear that first guitar chord @1',11:1JD.mm.a and I'm back in my mum's kitchen. Another example is the smell of suntan lotion. It always takes me straight back to a The information included in the letter is relevant. This letter is holiday in Spain when I was four years old. an application for a job, so the style is appropriately formal. ~~arrntor Question 7. You hear a man talking about somewhere he has just been. Mmi It's something I've always been terrified of, but it was absolutely killing me. In the end it got so bad, I just had to have it seen to. Actually, it only needed filling, which wasn't as bad as having to have it taken out. Anyway, I was sitting there in the chair, feeling very nervous, waiting for the drill,
forma~ vocabulary Unit 7 Review 4 1 mD ~ unless I'm doing am certain: have no doubt 'II be given instructions chosen: selected 're having our car serviced give: provide not worth being worried about I not worth worrying about job: post were out of order I were not in working order like the chance: welcome the opportunity took me five minutes to lot of different: a wide range of 2 lucky: fortunate tlD need: require show what I can do: demonstrate my skills A middle-aged woman was caught stealing a bag of tell somebody about: express potatoes. think: believe The manager of the store was informed and the police very interested: particularly attracted were called. The police arrived and the woman was taken to the police Word building station. She will probably be charged with shoplifting. 5 This is not the first time the woman has been arrested. On the last occasion, she was fined £200. mD 3 I would welcome the chance to tell you about my past experience. ~ I believe my written English is excellent I of the highest court; racket standard. pitch; net I could provide you with the names of two referees. gloves; ring Please let me know if there is any other information you course; club require. rink; skates ~ I have a wide range of skills which are relevant to this work. I have no doubt I would be suitable for this post. You may like to give students the Unit Test on pages 99-100 for g If I'm lucky enough to be selected for interview. this unit. I! I could come at any time which is convenient for you. Exam practke: letter 6 Encourage the students to refer to the appropriate section of the Writing Guide on page 180 for an overview of letter writing. Draw their attention to the Tip and remind them that the first sentence of any letter or email is the most important one because it will determine if the letter gets read till the end. ~ available time (10-20 hours a week) interest in paid holiday work experience of working with young people The style would be formal. Students' own answers. 57
. .. Unit 8 ,· Media \"' ' ' Introduction Speaker4:A SpeakerS:C 1 B, D and Hare not used. POSSIBLE ANSWERS Audioscript 2·04 Top left to bottom right: Narrator You will hear five short extracts in which people are a Photo 1: computers offer access to all kinds of media talking about how they use the internet. For questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-H) which main use each speaker - email, internet, radio, TV, etc. Wi-fi connections and describes. Use the letters only once. There are three extra internet telephone services such as Skype make computers letters which you do not need to use. You now have thirty one of the most effective means of communication. seconds to look at Part 3. Photo 2: newspapers are still popular but less effective Speakerl I find it really useful to help me with school work, than they were in the past as a means of communicating especially when we're doing geography or history projects. I up-to-date news and other factual information. The know people of my parents' generation used to spend hours internet and social networking media are taking over the in the school or the town library finding the information they news reporting function of newspapers. needed. My dad said the information was almost always out Photo 3: tablets are getting more and more popular. of date. The internet is fantastic - I've always found what I'm They offer access to the internet, TV and all sorts of other looking for. The only problem is that sometimes there's just possibilities. Tablet technology is developing extremely too much stuff to get through. One of my friends said she'd rapidly. once spent five hours looking for information. You've just got Photo 4: despite the growth of modern technology, radio to know when to stop. is still a popular communication medium, especially digital Speaker 2 I'm addicted to my computer mainly as a way radio and podcasts (radio broadcasts on the internet). of keeping in touch with people. It's just so easy to talk 2 Background information: Malcolm X was a prominent black to your friends. At the moment, I'm chatting to my older nationalist leader in the USA. He was assassinated in 1965. brother who's in Thailand - he's told me incredible stories Jello Biafra is a punk musician (former lead singer of the band about what he's getting up to. It's almost as good as the the Dead Kennedys) and political activist from San Francisco. phone and it doesn't cost anything. I've started talking to a WH Auden was a prominent Anglo-American poet. He died few people I don't know, but I haven't made any new friends in 1973. like that. I think it's a bit scary- the idea that you can get to 3 Students' own answers. know someone like this and then call them your friend. You don't really know anything about these people - I mean, Listening Part 3 everything they say could be lies. Speaker 3 I use it for various things -you know, the obvious Think ahead ones like emailing, getting the latest news, but at the 1 Students' own answers. moment mostly for buying things. The thing is, I really don't enjoy going shopping in town any more. It takes me half an Exam practice: Multiple matching hour to get there on the bus and the shops are always really crowded. I buy all kinds of things from websites- like last 2 Before students attempt the task, you might want to make week, I bought a DVD, a new pair of jeans and some make- up. It's so quick and easy- you just click on what you want, sure they understand the meaning of the following words put it in your basket, go to the checkout and pay with your card. And most things don't take long to arrive. I said I'd show and expressions: catch up with (to do something you didn't my brother how to do it tomorrow. have time to do earlier); crack down on (to start dealing with Speaker4 Music, definitely. It has to be music. That's about all I use it for, really, apart from occasionally checking the illegal behaviour in a more severe way). Read the Tip with the sports results. It's fantastic if you're into music of any kind. class and make sure you give the students some time to read I go on some of the music sites and download all kinds of through the questions and the options and think about them music files straight to my smartphone. It's so easy these days. before they listen to the recording. I can't afford to pay, but I don't download anything that you're supposed to pay for. I know some people do. The music mD industry's trying to crack down on the illegal downloading. Speaker 1: G Speaker 2: E Speaker 3: F 58
They say they're losing sales because people aren't buying becomes (My friend asked me) when I had ordered. It is often :3 CDs any more, or paying for downloads. I reckon they're necessary to change pronouns to the third person form (he, fighting a losing battle. she, it and they). m I use it for all kinds of stuff, but at the moment 5 0.. OJ l mainly catching up with programmes I couldn't watch first !1'D) We use if in reported yes I no questions. if can be replaced by time round for some reason. It's incredibly useful to be able whether: Mick asked whether they had the CD in stock. to do that. Most of them you can still get for up to a week after they're first broadcast. The quality's not quite as good 6 on my laptop, but at least you don't have to wait for ages until they repeat the broadcast. And of course, you can pause mD programmes and fast forward them so you can avoid the adverts. <1 The girl asked him if he had an email address. Val asked Rob if I whether he used the internet. Over to you ( Nick asked me how long I had been interested in jazz. 3 & 4 Students' own answers. d Rachel asked Sharon which of her old school friends she Grammar page9s had contacted. e Julie asked Tim if he would like to contact people he had Reporting statements been with at primary school. 1 Encourage students to refer to the relevant section of the Juan asked Maria if I whether she could show him how to Grammar reference on page 169 to help them with these use the printer. tasks. g Ali asked his father if I whether he could take him to the station. mi) <:J 'The information is almost always out of date: Time references 'I once spent five hours looking for information: 7 'I'll show you (my brother) how to do it tomorrow: 'We're losing sales because people like you aren't buying OD CDs any more: Lizzie told Ben (we don't know which day) she would see 2 him the next day. b Lizzie told Ben (today) she would see him tomorrow. OD Sentence b can only be used if it is used on the same day as when the original statement was made. The tense is generally moved one step back in time. h The reporting verb is in the present. Consequently, the 8 other tenses have not changed. This implies that the mD situation is true in the present. last week: the previous week I the week before 3 next month: the following month I the next month now: then ~ three days ago: three days before I three days earlier She said she'd always found what she was looking for. today: that day He said he was messaging his older brother who was in tomorrow: the next day I the following day Thailand. I He says he's messaging his older brother who is tonight: that night in Thailand. yesterday: the previous day I the day before She said it took her half an hour to get there on the bus and the shops were always really crowded. I She says it Other references takes her half an hour to get there on the bus and the shops are always really crowded. 9 Reporting questions im 4 ~1 The determiner this changes to the. I• The place reference here changes to there. o:D 10 The word order changes so that the subject comes before the verb, just like in an affirmative sentence. Have you got o:D becomes (Mick asked) if they had and When did you order Marsha asked Mr Hunt if the work had to be finished that day. 59
Mr Gilbert asked if I whether there had been any phone memorable because of its position. It looks as if it is placed calls for him the day before. right by the roadside, or even above it so that motorists The police officer informed Ian that the car had been would have to drive under the giant, crouching figure, stolen two weeks earlier. which would be facing them head on as if on a football Dorothy said (that) she had written to her the previous field. The second billboard is effective because it is on a truly week I the week before and that she had phoned that spectacular scale. It is as high as the multi-storey block right morning. in the middle of New York next to the Empire State Building. Matthew said (that) he had arranged to meet them after lunch the next day. 2 Students listen and compare their answers to the audioscript. Reporting function~ Audioscript 2·05 11 !::'i~!!o1'rR·<:i' In this part of the test, I'm going to give each of you fm two photographs. I'd like you to talk about your photographs In sentence a, after told Bob, there is a complete clause: she on your own for about a minute, and also to answer a short was leaving the next day, which is a reported statement. In sentence b, after told Bob, there is an infinitive structure: to question about your partner's photographs. Xavier, it's your leave her alone, which is a reported command. In sentence c, after asked Bob, there is a complete clause: turn first. Here are your photographs. They show different why he had done it, which is a reported question. In sentence b, after asked Bob, there is an infinitive structure: advertisements. I'd like you to compare the photographs and to leave his keys, which is a reported request. The infinitive is used. say which advertisement is more effective. All right7 The gerund (see g) or a complete clause (see h) can be used after suggest. Hmm, I think they're both very effective 12 advertisements. I'd certainly notice them if I saw them in the ([fj , street. I like the advert for women's clothes because of its 'Bob, I'm leaving tomorrow; she said. size - the way it goes from the top of the building to the ~J 'Leave me alone, Bob; she said. bottom - it looks so powerful. But the problem for me, is 'Why did you do it?' she asked Bob. She asked Bob, 'Can you leave your keys?' that people may be more impressed by the size of the advert 'Don't try and get in touch; she warned Bob. 'You should try and forget her; Alan advised Bob. than by what it's advertising. When you've looked at the 'I think we should talk it over; she suggested. 'You should leave; they suggested. woman and the clothes she's wearing, you see the name Gap, Exam pradk~~ Key word transformation but to my mind that's less interesting than the shape and 13 Draw students' attention to the Tip before they attempt the size of the advert. For me, the main reason the advert for task. Nike sports gear is more effective is that it makes you think. ~ warned us against swimming I warned us not to swim · You say to yourself things like, That guy looks really strong. advised Pete against buying I advised Pete not to buy told Claire to take He must be good at his sport' - then you notice the name asked John if he could offered to pick Tracy up Nike in the bottom corner and you think'Maybe he's good said (that) he would see at his sport because he wears clothing and shoes made by Speaking Part 2 page97 Nike'. Of course, you probably don't go straight out and buy Think ahead yourself Nike sports gear, but the name may stay in the back 1 Both the billboards in 1 are eye-catching and effective, partly because they are so big: it would be almost impossible to of your mind when you next go shopping. In my opinion it's , avoid seeing them if you were passing. The first billboard showing the crouching American football player is ; a very .successful advert. · t}\\1!11-nml'!~ Thank you. Carmen, which do you prefer7 I'd say the Nike advert's more effective, too. To be honest, I don't think much of the ad on the building. It's a clever idea to use a building like this, but to me the clothes are not interesting enough. I also think the word Gap is a bit • lost where it is. It might have been better at the top of the , wall. 3 tmD Language for giving reasons I explanations: the main reason ... is that ... Language for giving opinions: I (don't) think; to my mind; For me; In my opinion it's; I'd say; I also think. Language for talking about appearances: because ofits size; the way it goes from the top ... to the bottom; it looks so ... ; that guy looks ... ; ... is a bit lost where it is. 60
Exam pradke~ long turn 4 4 Draw students' attention to the Tip and remind them of ~ the importance of demonstrating that they can listen and caretaker; computer programmer; newsreader; police officer; understand as well as speak. They must stay alert and listen shop assistant; television reporter; university lecturer during the other candidate's 'long turn' because they will have to make their own comments about the same subject 5 current affairs talk show Over to you (m headline remote control 5 mass media foreign correspondent press conference tm•J.'14©Mf41~~ ' eyewitness newsagent's a The advertisements are designed to appeal to the type of soap opera people who buy these kinds of products. Advertisement Prorumdation 1 is by Nike, a company that sells sports clothes and equipment, so it is designed to attract the attention of 6 people who are interested in sport by showing a famous sportsperson in action. Advertisement 2 is for Gap, a ~ clothing line, so it is targeted at fashion-conscious young The stressed component of each compound noun is shown people. in bold in the audioscript below. Both advertisements work by trying get people to associate the product with certain qualities and values press conference rather than by obviously encouraging people to buy eyewitness the product. The Nike advert associates the brand name newsagent's with the power of an American footballer in action; the soap opera Gap image, showing a beautiful, casually dressed young current affairs woman, associates the brand name with style and casual ·talk show self-confidence. remote control Vocabulary pag~98 3 Compound nouns CD CL Ill 1 Exam practice~ Word formation ~ verb + preposition 7 Before they do the task, ask students to read the text and noun+ noun preposition +verb predict the kind of word they need to fill each of the gaps verb+ noun with (1 noun, 2 plural noun, 3 adverb, 4 adjective, 5 adjective, adjective+ noun 6 plural noun, 7 adjective, 8 adjective). 2 lim Certainly pleasant dangerous predictable OD retirement 2 rioters The first part of a compound noun gets the stress, i.e. the personal elections sound on the first part of the compound noun is longer and louder. Over to you 8 Students' own answers. 3 ~ news editor: noun+ noun crime rate: noun+ noun break-ins: verb+ preposition tourist robberies: noun +noun community service: noun + noun participation rate: noun+ noun clean-up: verb+ preposition 61
Reading and Use of English 6 E: The missing sentence gives support to the writer's view Part6 that print material will not completely disappear in the near future, and gives a simple explanation for this: Many people Think ahead still prefer print for the very simple reason that ... 1 Students' own answers. Sentence C is not used. 2 so and such OD 4 Encourage students to refer to the appropriate section of the The writer feels sad but not surprised: I find this sad but not Grammar reference on page 170 for help with these tasks. surprising. In the rest of the article it becomes clear that the writer feels that the disappearance of print is inevitable, OD and he recognizes that the changes in his own habits are contributing to it. Both so and such are used for emphasis. So is used before: Exam practice: Gapped text ·adjectives (e.g. so cheap) ·many+ plural countable noun (e.g. so many books) 3 After students have read quickly through the text the first ·much (of)+ uncountable noun (e.g. so much of their income) Such is used before: time, you might want to check that they understand the • noun phrases (which may include an article and an meaning of the following words and expressions: mount (gradually increase or get bigger); speculation (making adjective, e.g. such an important feature) guesses about something when you don't have enough information to be certain); be desperate to do something (want 5 to do something very much); in decline (when something is becoming less in amount, importance or quality); blow (an OD unexpected event which has a negative effect); vinyl (type of plastic which music records used to be made of). a so b such c so d so e Such Before they do the task, read the Tip with the class and 6 so little time remind students to read through all the sentences carefully so many people and make sure they've understood each one before they OD so much money start the matching. such tall buildings such a lot of people OD so few cars such hot weather 1 B: The sentence Until quite recently ... expands on the such little ears first sentence of the first paragraph ... such an important feature ofour everyday life. The next sentence presents a Over to you contrast to this status qua: Now, however, more and more people ... 7 Students' own answers. 2 F: The sentence Like many others ofmy generation ..., Writing Part 1 follows up the personal reaction, I find this sad ... And the following sentence provides more information on the Exam skills same subject: When I was a child, my father would ... 1 3 A: The missing sentence, This is because I can find all the news and information I need, provides a reason for the OD information in the first sentence of the paragraph: Now I'm an adult, I hardly ever buy a newspaper. a Start with a statement of the subject of the essay and finish with a summary of your opinion. 4 D: The missing sentence provides an explanation for why people are buying fewer printed materials: For some b The best way of answering is by giving both sides of the people, it is simply more convenient .... The next sentence argument. focuses on other people: Others, however, actually seem to prefer the digital format. c Formal (essays are considered to be academic writing). 5 G: The missing sentence provides an explanation for the 2 fact that companies are spending less on publicizing their businesses in newspapers and the following sentence OD provides further information on the same issue. a Paragraph 1 states the two sides of the argument: the view of famous people and the view of the press. Paragraph 2 expands on the press' point of view. Paragraph 3 focuses on the ambivalent position of famous people who want attention when they are not famous and privacy when they are. Paragraph 4 expresses the view of the writer. 62
The main points made in paragraph 2 concern the ~ They: the photographers advantages of having a free press, from the point of the she: the princess newspapers. The particular things newspapers claim the there: outside the nightclub public has a right to know about are: then: on Friday night ·wrong-doings of celebrities (claimed to be most their and They: celebrities important) 7 • how celebrities spend their money ·celebrities' love lives fi@fi•U:JMl4W.i!lm The main points made in paragraph 3 concern the disadvantages of a free press for celebrities, who argue Repetition makes writing sound childish because ideas that they have a right to a private life like anyone else: appear not to be linked up in a way which demonstrates ·celebrities would like personal information to be kept clear analysis. Writing with a lot of repetition may also result in a lot of short unconnected sentences. secret .: The writer's opinions are expressed in paragraph 4: the Exam practke: Essay public has the right to know how celebrities live their lives, 8 Read the Tip with the class and also encourage students to but celebrities should have some privacy and should be refer to the appropriate section of the Writing guide on page able to protect their families from the press. 178 to help them plan their essay. Ii The style is appropriate, in that it is formal. Unit 8 Review Connecting ideas 1 3 ~ (IDD 1B 2A 3C D B 6A D 8A 1 whereas I although On the one hand $ On the other hand however In fact 6 On balance I although 2 3 4 ~ (D Jayne said she was going on holiday the following I next day. ~ Ben asked (her) if she was going anywhere special. o_ as well as (that), besides (this), what is more Jayne replied that she was going to Australia and that she by contrast, nevertheless, on the contrary would be staying in Perth for a week and then going on to OJ in conclusion, in short, on the whole, to summarize Sydney. Ben asked (her) who she was going with. Avomding repetition Jayne replied that she was going with two friends from work. 5 3 ~ dm famous people newspapers Ben: I've always wanted to go to Australia. Ii Jayne: Would you like to go with us? c the points of view of famous people and newspapers r. Ben: I certainly would. d celebrities e newspapers Jayne: I'll see if there are any places left on the flight. € Ben: I'm not sure if I can afford it. famous people stars Jayne: I can lend you the money. il the idea expressed in the previous sentence: stars should have some privacy, especially to protect members of their 4 families ~ such such so 6 a so b so OD You may like to give students the Unit Test on pages 101-102 for this unit. The first to refer back to the phrase two examples in the previous sentence ~ such actions to refer back to Some famous people take newspapers to court
Introduction page 105 Reading and Use of English 1 Part 5 pa9e106 ®1-'i!:Hl.d~W~Jm ~ 2 Extreme weather conditions create difficulties precisely 23 because they are extreme and so the human body has to find ways to adapt in order to survive. For example, extreme 2 Students read and check their answers. heat can make it difficult for people to work or sleep. It can create an increased risk of skin problems and some infectious Exam practke: Multgple dioke diseases. Extreme cold can cause hypothermia so people have to wear 3 You may like to check students understand the following many layers of warm clothes. Travelling can be hazardous. words in the text: molten (burning); Earth's core (central Some machines cannot work at low temperatures. part of the Earth); growth (increase); potential (what's possible); imprecise (inexact); evacuating (leaving a place G;!311:JD1.M@ilA@:ft to escape danger); hazard zones (dangerous places); monitoring (observing, checking); detect (find); evaluating Flooding would probably affect more people because (understanding, assessing); plumes (clouds, columns); loss of more people have their homes near rivers than in or near credibility (when something is no longer believed); proximity forests. Flooding destroys lives and property. Many people (surrounding area). drown or are injured in floods. Sewage can come to the surface of streets and so on and this can cause illnesses. Draw students' attention to the Tip and then ask them to Mosquitoes and other such disease-carrying creatures work out the answer to the first question (D) using this thrive in still, wet conditions. Homes and vehicles are approach and get them to tell you why the other options damaged or destroyed. Electrical plants and other facilities are incorrect. (A Wealthy women are mentioned, but we may be disrupted. are told they died; nobody escaped. B Only two towns Fires destroy animals and plants. Many trees, which are so - Herculaneum and Pompeii - are mentioned. C 16,000 necessary for our environment, can be destroyed. people died; this is definitely not a few) When students have Flooding can be avoided by controlling the flow of water completed the remaining questions, ask them to justify their into rivers, and by the careful planning of buildings, taking answers in the same way. their effect on the environment into account. Forest fires can be avoided by increasing restrictions on ~ what people can do in dry areas, such as lighting camp fires. But sometimes the fires can be started by lightning, D C c 4c B A which is unavoidable. People can also try to avoid forest fires by building homes well away from woodland. Keeping Word buildh1g strips of land free of trees in forested areas can limit the spread of a fire; and ensuring that there are adequate 4 supplies of water to douse fires in high-risk areas can also help to limit the damage fires cause. Fire alarms, fire ~ hydrants and so on must always be kept in good condition. compete: competition erupt eruption (x8) 3 Students' own answers. evacuate: evacuation fascinate: fascination migrate: migration populate: population (x3) They are all formed with the suffix -tion, added to the root verb.
5 system: systematic OD volcano: volcanic (x3) 43.D ;i Tornadoes, which are commonly known as 'twisters' in systematic d fascination the USA, are a common phenomenon in the American act: active (x3) Midwest. danger: dangerous destroy: destructive b Scientists and amateur tornado chasers alike flock to Oklahoma, Texas and Kansas in the months of May and 6 June when tornadoes are most likely to occur. mD t Eric Rasmussen, who is a world authority on tornadoes, does most of his work here where 78% of the world's scientific migration tornadoes occur. devastation f active d The scientists whose mission it is to find out more about Over to you tornadoes can only predict where they might form. 7 Students' own answers. e The people who I that go in search of the tornadoes often Grammar page10s have a wasted journey. Relative dauses f The damage that I which a tornado causes can be 1 Encourage the students to refer to the appropriate section of immense. the Grammar reference on page 170 to help them with these !J One of the worst recorded events was in March 1925, when tasks. nearly 700 people lost their lives. Im who /that !1 On that day the Midwest was hit by seven tornadoes, which; which I that affecting an area that I which covered over 320 km. Rescue workers found buildings where people had lived 2 .D..J, and worked completely demolished. fm No one yet knows the reason why there has been such a 0 big increase in the number of tornadoes in the last few c The speaker has one sister in sentence b. years. :::; The speaker has more than one sister in sentence a. The information in the relative clause is essential in Relative pronouns can be omitted in sentences a and f. Q_ sentence a. (Note: in sentence a 'which are' would need to be omitted.) c 8 Ask students if they know where the 'Great Plains' in North (f) 3 America are before they look at the question and read through the text the first time. Elicit or tell them that they OD make up a very large area of flat land across much of the defining ~ non-defining ( non-defining middle of the United States of America, stretching north non-defining defining defining over the border into Canada (they cover most of the states of Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North 4 Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming, (3D and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Manitoba and In sentences a and e, who /which can be replaced with that. Saskatchewan). Originally, this area was flat grassland and inhabited with wild buffalo; now it is mostly farmland. 5 ml mi) a where b when c why The farmers were more responsible than the weather for The relative pronoun can be left out of sentence c. the devastation of the Great Plains. They dug up the grass, and this meant there was nothing to anchor the soil, which turned to dust during hot weather and was blown away by strong winds. Exam piractke: Open doze 6 9 Before students attempt the task, check they understand the meaning of these words: drought (a long period of dry ml weather during which there is no rain); crop (plants grown by The sentences with whom are more formal than the sentences with who. You use whom, not who, immediately farmers as food); soil (the earth which plants can grow in). after a preposition. im for 4 there 5 which 6 as in 8 of 7 Check with the class that they understand what a tornado is 1 by and before they start this task (a strong dangerous wind which forms itself into a spinning I twisting cone shape and is powerful enough to destroy buildings and anything in its path as it moves across the ground).
Vocabulary page110 Speaking Part 1 page.m Think ahead Think ahead 1 Students' own answers. 1 Students' own answers. 2 2 lim ma The article says that greenhouse gas emissions (carbon e; breezy; close; dull; freezing; humid; overcast; showery dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide) and tropical b cosmopolitan; bustling; dull; historic; industrial; provincial; deforestation are to blame for climate change. sprawling; vibrant Dependent prepositions Other adjectives for the weather: cold, dry, hot, stormy, unpredictable, windy, wintry, etc. 3 Other adjectives for towns I cities: busy, historic, interesting, sleepy, etc. OD 3 Remind students that in Part 1 of the Speaking paper, the consequences for; responsible for; leads to examiner asks candidates questions about themselves. Before you play the audio, elicit some ideas of the kind of things the 4 examiner might ask about - e.g. candidates' hometown, their hobbies and interests, plans for the future, etc. eD After students have listened to the audio and made a note agreement on; anger at; ban on; cure for; damage to; effect of the questions and answers, get them to take turns to ask and answer the examiner's questions in pairs. Encourage on; respect for; tax on; threat to them to extend their answers by giving additional details and examples. a cure for respect for f3D b threat to d tax on a See audioscript below for examiner's questions and rJ) candidates' answers. 5:::; i:s Students' own answers. ~ Audioscript 2·07 to, to i:o of, to ( of, to, for ~! for Where are you from, Manoulis? I come from Athens in Greece. 6 insist on First we'd like to know something about you. Clara, invest in mD result in · what kind of weather do you like best? sympathize with I like hot, sunny weather best. appeal to Why? believe in Because I like doing things outside, like going to the complain about contribute to beach with my friends or just sitting in an open-air cafe depend on having a cola and chatting to them. Things like that. 7 Manoulis, how do you spend your free time when the weather is bad? ~ 3 on each other for survival If it's cold and wet, I don't usually go out. I stay at home and maybe watch a DVD, play my guitar or listen to b 5 to the destruction of the tropical rainforest music in my room. But if the weather has been bad for a few c 1 in recycling schemes , days, I'll probably go out - shopping or to the cinema - 'cos I'll be bored staying at home. 2 about pollution e 4 with people who live near big airports Clara, what's your hometown like? I live in Barcelona. It's a very cosmopolitan city. Parts of Exam practice~ Key word transfm·mation the city are very modern, but it also has a historic old quarter with narrow streets. You can find all sorts of small shops, bars 8 Read through the Tip with the class before they begin the and restaurants there. It's a vibrant city with plenty to do and task and remind students that the word count of the answer includes the word given. Manoulis, how has your town changed in recent im a ban on cars 'l to make an investment in be incapable of changing result in a saving of I result in you saving 5 have a negative effect on is anger about I at I over plans
It looks much nicer than it used to because the local listening Part 4 pogem . council have cleaned all the old buildings. And the town centre 1 has been pedestrianized so it's much nicer to go shopping Think ahead there now. They've also built another multi-storey car park so Students' own answers. parking in the town centre is easier than it used to be. c Air travel has a negative effect on the environment Thank you. because aircraft engines emit n~~e, disturbing wilcjl_ife and natural habitats, and have high l~yels of C02 4 emissions, which contribute to the greenhouse effect. ~ The ways to reduce this are discussed in the audio and include improving the efficiency of airplane engines so DVD (rise), guitar (rise), music (fall) they consume less fuel and also using alternative, more shops (rise), bars (rise), restaurants (fall) ~n_virp_nmentalJy-frieridlyfuels. Environmental protection groups suggest that fuel should be taxed to make flying :'Typically, when we are listing something, we use a rising more expensive so that people will fly less in future: at the intonation on the key words and a falling intonation on the moment, flying is the fastest growing form of travel. They last item in the list. The_risin_g in_tona~i()n indicates that we also recommend that governments should encourage have not finished, and the f9lling intonation indicates that we people tohavel les~s~ and choose al~ternati~e forms of . bave. transport. Audioscript 2°08 Exam practke: Multiple choke 1 I stay at home and maybe watch a DVD, play my 2 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task, . guitar or listen to music. and give them a few minutes to read through the questions and, where possible, try to predict answers. I (RD B 4A 5A C 7B OJ : You can find all sorts of small shops, bars and CB '0 5 Get the class to try to say each list with the appropriate Audioscript 2·10 intonation before they hear the recorded version. Then play c the audio and get them to repeat the list again after they've You will hear part of a radio programme about the heard the model. effects of air travel on the environment For questions 1-7, ::J ~ choose the best answer (A, B or C).You now have one minute , o_ '3:D to look at Part Four. c ,, eat (rise); TV (rise); homework (fall) Hello. This week we will be looking at ways in which milk (rise); sugar (rise); rice (fall) we can reduce our 'carbon footprint'. By 'carbon footprint' we (f) starters (rise); main (rise); dessert (fall) mean a measure of the impact that human activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse Audiosuipt 2·09 · gases they produce. These days it's easy to work out how big one's own personal 'carbon footprint' is, provided you have After I got home I made something to eat, watched internet access. You can simply go on line and put in the TV and then did my homework. following information: how much your annual household fuel bill is, how often and how far you travel, and a Can you get me some milk, sugar and rice, please? calculator will work it out for you. Your secondary carbon I'll have the prawns for starters, the duck for the ' footprint is determined by your buying habits. Basically, if main course and ice cream for dessert you buy food or items produced locally, then your carbon • footprint will be smaller than if you buy produce which 6 Remind students to try to use the appropriate intonation in has to be flown or shipped from the other side of the world. their answers. There are of course ways of reducing our carbon footprint: we can car share to work, travel by bus or train rather than Exam pradke: Short exchanges by car; we can buy local fruit and veg or wine. If you live in the UK, then buy your wine from European countries rather 7 Direct students' attention to the Tip before they do this than Australia, for example, and avoid items that have been made in China or India. Let's start by looking at the effect of exercise in pairs. Tell them that the reason they should aim to • air travel on the environment Sue Hendry, how have you give extended answers is not just to demonstrate how much . been addressing this7 they can speak but also to create interest The examiner will respond more favourably to a candidate who gives lively, informative answers than to a candidate who gives limited information.
Sue Well, I quit flying a year ago. For too long I'd Writing Part 2 ~ Report page114 been saying 'They'. that is, governments, must do something Think ahead : about global warming rather than 'we' or'!'. Then I suddenly realized that I can't expect things to change if I'm not prepared to change myself. How could I look my children in the eye in twenty years' time and say,'I could have done (3'D water heating: C something, but I chose not to'. The arguments against flying cooking: A lighting: D space heating: B are obvious: do you know that a return flight from London appliances: E to Australia equals the emissions of three average cars for a year? And a return domestic flight from London to 2 Before the students discuss the statements in pairs and try to guess whether they are true or false, make sure they Edinburgh produces eight times the carbon dioxide you understand what the different electrical appliances are: • would use if you took the train? elicit the difference between a washing machine and a dishwasher, and explain what a tumble drier is if necessary. Nigel Hammond, what's the present situation in the travel industry? There has been a huge rise in the number of people flying from UK airports. The cheap flights offered by budget imD airlines have meant that many people think nothing of False. Whatever type of light bulb you have, the rule is that the longer the light is on, the more energy it uses. The popping over to the continent for the weekend. Long-haul energy used to switch a light on and off is less than that of leaving it on, so switching lights off when you leave the destinations are becoming increasingly popular, too. But the room saves energy. True. About 90% of the energy traditional incandescent biggest rise has been in short-haul flights, both domestic light bulbs use is given off as heat, and only about 10% results in light. and to places like Spain, France and Italy. False. Traditional light bulbs are much cheaper to buy than the other two. LED lights are the most expensive to buy I think the problem is that, although most people but last much longer. Generally speaking, all energy-saving light bulbs last 10 times longer than traditional light bulbs know that flying contributes hugely to global warming, but more importantly use up to 80% less electricity. True. And it costs twice as much if you wash the clothes in they are not really prepared to do anything about it. So hot water compared with washing them at 30 °C. they'll feel a bit bad while they're sitting on the plane, but the e False. Modern energy-efficient dishwashers can use up U) to 35% less water and use less energy as long as you run them with a full load. :J moment they get to their destination, it'll be long-forgotten. False. You can save up to 10% on your energy bills by switching these off at the plug. If left on standby, they use \"cO \"'\"\"''\"\"'.\"\"\" So, what solutions are there? around 80% of their full power. :J False. The screensaver uses just as much energy as when 0 There are a variety of possible solutions. One is to put you are working, so if you are leaving your desk, e.g. for a meeting, the best thing to do is to switch off your 1- . up the tax on aviation fuel, but this has been tried already computer screen (monitor). ro and didn't work. Another is to limit the number offlights people can take a year. I like that idea, but I'm not sure how practical it would be. Still, I definitely think it would be worth giving it a go. And then there is 'carbon offsetting' whereby people plant trees. But if the trees are cut down or there's a fire, then you've lost your offset. 3 Writing ai report !Im 3 board: get on ~ disembark: get off Typical features of a report: formal language, headings, land: touch down bulleted lists (but not always), suggestions, recommendations 4 4 ~ m1l touched down disembark; board d 2c a e get on; get off 5 Im disembark: a plane; c ship land: a plane touch down: a plane board: a plane; b bus; c ship; d train
5 Pompeii in its shadow. The violent eruption which!thattook mD place in AD 79 proved them wrong. a Yes, it is appropriately formal and informative, with a :he eruption, which happened when no one was expecting suitable format. It takes its reader into account in an appropriate manner. 1t, has gone down as one of the worst in recorded history. b Yes, it answers both parts of the question. It happened during the daytime when people were going c The headings make the report easy to follow, as do the about their daily lives. bullet points (although these could be better constructed as paragraphs). The remains of the 2,000 inhabitants of Pompeii who/that Impersonal language did not escape lay forgotten for centuries. When excavation began in the eighteenth century, the remains were found 6 of a much-loved family dog whose collar bore an inscription mD saying that he twice saved his owner's life. a ... cars are used ... Public transport is greatly under-used ... fruit and vegetables bought are imported ... have the food 3 delivered ... these would not need to be flown ... All the above recommendations could be implemented .. . mD b Shopping is done in out-of-town supermarkets by most a in b at c to d of; of e to f on people. You may like to give students the Unit Test on pages 103-104 c could for this unit. 7 .Q,) mD c0 a If more solar panels were installed, less electricity would be =i used from non-renewable resources like coal, natural gas 0. and oil. c b Fast-food outlets should be obliged by councils to clear up the packaging that people drop. (J) c One way money can be saved and the environment helped is by turning down the thermostat on your heating I by having the thermostat on your heating turned down. d Metal cutlery should be used instead of disposable cutlery, which is usually plastic. e Your tap water could be filtered if you don't like the taste. f Your old computer shouldn't be thrown away. It can be recycled by certain companies. Exam practice: Report 8 Refer students to the Tip before they attempt the task and encourage them to look at the appropriate section of the Writing guide on page 184 for an overview of report writing. Unit 9 Review 1 mD 1D 2A 3C 4D 5A 6C 7D 8B 2 mD Mount Vesuvius, which is situated near the Bay of Naples, is one of the world's most famous active volcanoes. The Romans, who believed it to be extinct, built the city of 69
hitroduction wood: boats, bowls, doors, furniture, houses, plates and cups, roofs, shutters, tools and utensils of all kinds 1 Exam skins tm1.11:Jm#IM~WPJM:b 3 You could tell the students that all four of the flying machines The muffin tray is being used to keep things in; it would pictured on page 119 date from the 1890s, just before the originally have been used to make muffins in. age of aviation began. They all really existed and underwent The suitcases are being used as a table; they would test flights, although not necessarily with any great success. originally have been used to pack clothes in. Once you have given them this information, ask them to The half tyre is being used as a plant box; it would choose which machine they would most and least like to originally have been a part of a car. have tried out and why. The popcorn is being used to protect a gift; it would originally have been eaten. 4 The jar is being used as a candle holder; it would originally have been used to keep jam and other foodstuffs in. mD The empty bottles are being used as decoration; they BCD A would originally have been used to keep drinks like wine Exam practke: Mu~tipie matching in. c Students' own answers. 5 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task. Remind them to underline any key words in the questions 0 ( Muffin tray: to plant seeds in I to keep earrings in which they could search for in the texts. +ro' Suitcases: to keep toys in D A A SC B c D 9B D > c0 Half tyre: as a swing I upside down as something to practise getting a golf ball through I to play croquet c Popcorn: to make garlands with Jar: to keep buttons in Over to you Empty bottles: to paint and use as decoration I to make lamps 6 Students' own answers. Reading and Use of English Grammar page 120 Part 7 pilge118 Wishes and regrets Think ahead 1 Refer students to the appropriate section of the Grammar reference on page 172 for help with these tasks. fi1'.1mHmtmvm:mt ~ The armchair is made from bamboo, wood and rattan. The past, but still continuing into the present. The verb The scarves are made from cotton, linen and silk. tense after wished is could+ infinitive. The cutlery is made from steel; the napkin is made from linen. The past. The verb tense after wish is past perfect negative: they hadn't tried. 2 The present (and into the future). The verb tense after wish is past simple: was /were. MWU:J§l:l~ii&ll bamboo: furniture, garden walls, room dividers 2 cotton: bandages, blankets and bed sheets, clothes, cotton wool, soft furnishings, towels ~ linen: bed sheets, clothes, curtains, table cloths A wish about a present or future situation is expressed with a rattan: furniture sunshades past tense. A wish about a past situation is expressed with a silk: bicycle tyres (in the past), clothes, kites (because silk is past perfect tense. very light but very strong), parachutes Would or wouldn't are used after wish to complain about a steel: cars, machines and tools, buildings, cooking utensils present situation. a conditional tense is used to express desire I want b conditional tense (negative) to express irritation
3 Exam practke~ Open doze OD 2 Ask students to read through the text before they begin the task. Ask the following question: In what way was the invention Sentence b with if only expresses the stronger regret. ofPost-it notes an accident? (The person who invented the weak glue that is used on Post-its had originally been trying 4 to invent a very strong glue.) w;;.11:iM$'4'W1WfilD ~ they ones I those I what 6 without I wish I had straight hair I earned more money I lived nearer the city centre, etc. 2 could one I wish I had travelled more I had had more confidence in had myself I hadn't given up piano lessons, etc. but I wish he wouldn't always arrive late I would tell me when he was going out, etc. to l\"d rather and it's time .•• Speaking Part 2 page122 :::J :::J 5 Think ahead <0 m:D 1 Q) a When expressing a preference about one's own action(s), 4g11i1011:Jq:%ftl6ltb rt one uses I'd rather+ present simple of verb, e.g. I'd rather Before the camera was invented, the only possible way of eat vegetables than meat. keeping images of anything was by drawing or painting 0 them. Photography has allowed images of our lives to be :::J When expressing a preference about somebody else's recorded in a much more precise, quicker and cheaper way. It has also influenced entertainment in the form offilm. action, one uses I'd rather+ subject pronoun to refer to the Before the light bulb was invented, people used candles and other person+ past simple of verb, e.g. I'd rather she waited fuel lamps for light. Its invention extended working hours till later. and leisure time. Before the mobile phone was invented, you had to try and 6 find a telephone booth which wasn't vandalized and have enough change in your pocket or an appropriate phone an card with credit on it. Mobile phones, and smartphones, have developed into very sophisticated devices, which have Sentence a (It's time the children went to bed.) suggests revolutionized the way we communicate with friends and more urgency. It's time+ past subjunctive expresses that family and also for work. Before the invention of the motor car, the most common something should be done and that it is already a bit late. forms of land transportation were by foot, by horse, or by train. The invention of the motor car has enabled people to Sentence b (It's time for the children to go to bed.) is less travel more often and further, both for work and for leisure. Before the printing press was invented, books were written urgent. The right time has arrived for something, but we are by hand. Printing has affected the way we live by enabling still in time - the infinitive is used rather than the past tense. easier distribution of and access to information in the form of books, magazines and newspapers. 7 2 In Part 2 of the Speaking paper, candidates have to describe OD and compare two photographs. The following tasks help students to develop strategies for describing things that they to go met had I got told took don't necessarily know the names of in English. f leave; did tidied (up) @4i>1i:J®~l\"i!114#1M Reading and Use of English Rollers in a clothes wringer (or mangle): wet clothes are Parts 2 & 4 pa9e121 put between the rollers, which are turned so as to wring the water out of the clothes. Exam practke: &<ey word transformation Handle on clothes wringer: the handle is used to press the rollers together so as to get water out of wet, washed 1 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task. clothes. Tell them to look out for those sentences which express Microwave: used for heating or reheating food. wishes and regrets, and make sure they use appropriate Kettle: used for heating water for hot drinks or cooking. grammatical forms. ~ wish you wouldn't leave he'd remembered to send 'd left I gone to bed earlier she was I were as tall as only I hadn't told 'd rather you washed up
3 6 Tell students that this exercise will give them the opportunity OD to practise describing an object without using its name. As well as describing what the object looks like, they can say The candidate only knows the word 'handle' out of the things mentioned in exercise 2. what it is used for I what its function is and I or they can Audioscript 2·11 compare it to something else. Examiner In this part of the test, I'm going to give each of you Exam practice: Long turn two photographs. I'd like you to talk about your photographs on your own for about a minute, and also to answer a 7 Draw students' attention to the Tip before they attempt the question about your partner's photographs. Nadia, it's your turn first. Here are your photographs. They show people task and remind them to use the strategies they have just doing household tasks in different decades. I'd like you to been practising to deal with any unknown vocabulary. compare the photographs and say how you think technology has changed people's lives. Over to you Nadia Both photos show people working in a kitchen. 8 Students' own answers. In this photo a woman is washing clothes, whereas in the other photo a man is cooking. The kitchens are very Vocabulary different. This one is very old, um, er, not modern but the other one is modern. There are a lot of machines which do 1 things for you or help you do things more quickly. In this picture the woman is washing clothes by hand because OD she doesn't have a washing machine. She's using a ... well a kind of machine to get the water out of the clothes. It Products are sometimes named after their inventors. looks hard work and I guess it was very, um, er, took a long Sometimes they are purely descriptive - describing what time. The man looks quite relaxed probably because he something does or how something does what it does. has lots of things to help him. I think there's a dishwasher Sometimes products are named by combining clever words and a ... machine where you heat up food, for example. or sounds together, or by using initials or acronyms. However, Doing household tasks is much easier these days because of sometimes a name can have an unfortunate meaning in a technology. different language, so this aspect of naming needs to be Examiner Tomas, which of these household tasks do you researched carefully if a product is expected to sell in that prefer to do? market. Tomas To be honest, I hate washing clothes even with a washing machine. I much prefer cooking. I suppose for some 2 Students' own answers. people cooking is, erm, a thing that's not very enjoyable to do the same as doing the washing-up or cleaning but for Adjective suffixes other people it's ... well, it's a ... very nice activity. You can be creative and if you practise you can improve. Cooking a nice 3 meal gives you much more ... is more ... well, it's nicer to do than having a, erm, lot of clean clothes. For me, anyway. OD Examiner Thank you. The adjective descriptive is related to the noun description and Exam skills the verb describe. The suffix -ive is added to the root word. The adjective automatic is related to the noun automation 4 e looks and the verb automate. The prefix auto- means to work alone, f quite relaxed OD g creative; improve without any person being involved. a washing clothes h nicer to do The adjective mechanical is related to the noun mechanic. b machines The suffix -al is added to the noun. c by hand The adjective careful is related to the noun I verb care. The d get the water out of suffix -fut is added to the root word. The adjective disastrous is related to the noun disaster. The 5 suffix -ous is added to the root word. The adjective speedy is related to the noun I verb speed. The POSSIBLE ANSWER suffix -y is added to the root word. The adjective reliable is related to the noun reliability and the The candidates try to describe the item when they do not verb rely. The suffix -able is added to the root word. know what the item is called. Sometimes the candidates describe the function of the item. 4 OD a sticky b useful, useless c fashionable, stretchy d creative, original e protective, scientific, dangerous 72
Exam practice: Word formation seem to be supported by the long queues for the latest Apple iPad, which started three days before the item was 5 Tell the students to read through the text quickly, ignoring ' even on sale, to the High Street stampedes for the latest Nintendo game. And even though we are living in a difficult the gaps, and ask them what the purpose of a patent is economic climate, it seems the price tag for the latest piece (to protect new inventions and stop other people from of gadgetry hardly matters. The important thing is to be the stealing the idea) Elicit what Alexander Graham Bell, who is first among your friends to have it. mentioned in line 10, invented (the telephone) and check So why do we have this obsession with gadgets7 A lot of technology purchases are a case of'keeping up with that students understand the meaning of the phrase: to go the Joneses' - someone you know gets the latest TV or back to the drawing board (to start all over again from the 1 smartphone, for instance, and you feel you are missing out if you don't get one, so you do. I wonder how many bread beginning). machines, which everyone seemed to have in the 1990s, are now lying unused at the back of kitchen cupboards? Read the Tip with the class before letting students attempt And is our obsession something new? Well, no, it isn't the task, and check their answers in pairs. something new. Admittedly, in the 1950s there wasn't the range or number of gadgets that there are today, but mD unfortunately there was still the same excitement when any new gadget competitors appeared. My grandparents told me that they were the first official in their street to have a television, and at the coronation of \"l ' refinements Queen Elizabeth II in 1953 all the neighbours were invited in z costly to watch the ceremony. This, apparently, was not unusual. advice The 1950s in the UK was a decade when most women did 3 worthwhile not go out to work but stayed at home to raise their families. Most of their day was taken up with cleaning, cooking, sale washing and other household tasks. Items which had been luxuries before the war now became affordable for many listening Part 2 pa9e124 families. With the introduction of the modern vacuum cleaner into most middle-class homes in the 1950s, and Think ahead · the precursor to the modern washing machine around the same time, a woman's workload was substantially reduced 1 Check students are clear what each of the items in the and women had more leisure time than ever before. Most women nowadays would not be pleased to be given a photographs are - a TV set, an electric kettle, a hairdryer, a household gadget, except for possibly a cappuccino coffee microwave oven and a fridge. maker, as say a birthday gift, but in those days it was received with delight. 2 Students' own answers. Until recently, it was always assumed that men were more gadget-obsessed than women - but it seems that today's Exam practke: Sentence completion women are just as interested in gadgets as men. The main difference between the sexes seems to be in the design - a 3 Make sure you give students time to read through the lot of women, for example, want a phone that will perform, :J say, five basic functions: calling, texting, taking photos, :J sentences before you play the recording so they know storing photos and accessing the internet. For men, the more what kind of information they need to listen for. Read the functions there are the better. 0< Tip with the class and emphasize that accurate spelling and punctuation in answers is always essential. Over to you Qj 4 Students' own answers. rt 0 :J mJl neighbours household tasks the television more leisure time a foreign language pleased difficult economic functions bread machines 5 excitement Audioscript 2°12 You will hear someone giving a talk about gadgets. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. You now have forty-five seconds to look at Part 2. ,~,,.,,~,,,,..,,.,,,, Our lives today are dominated by gadgets. According to a recent survey, British people spend nine hours a day on average using some form of electronic gadget: most time was spent on the computer (around four hours), followed by the television (90 minutes), the phone (around 40 minutes), and the microwave (10 minutes). The same survey revealed that one third of British people also : considered their ability to use gadgets as their most valuable · life-skill. Other life-skills such as cooking, DIY and gardening were ranked next, with speaking a foreign language coming way behind. We have, it seems, become a nation both obsessed with and passionate about technology. This would
Vocabulary page.12s 6 Think ahead mD 1 Students' own answers. well-educated open-minded 2 self-motivated hard-working ma quick-tempered hard-headed I level-headed jigsaw family: a family in which two or more sets of children 7 Students' own answers. from previous relationships live together agritourism: holidays where tourists visiting a country stay Writing Part 2 - Review pa9e126 with local people who live in the countryside chatterboxing: the activity of using a platform such as Twitter Exam skms to comment on what you are watching on TV cyberbullying: the use of electronic communication to 1 intimidate someone glocalization: the adaptation of products to suit local and mD global markets King Kong (1933, Merian C Cooper and Ernest B Schoedsack) Compound adjectives was a landmark horror I action film. It used animation to create many of the scenes involving dinosaurs and the giant 3 gorilla Kong. Jurassic Park: it was the first time that dinosaur simulations labour-saving: device were able to interact with human actors. Also, the marketing mass-produced: product costs for this film exceeded the costs to make the film in a home-made: cake way that had never happened before. user-friendly: instructions Toy Story: the toys had personalities and volition of their own. cold-blooded: person The CGI effects were innovative. hard-wearing: furniture last-minute: holiday 2 4 Early innovations in movie history include the use of sound, the first 'talking' pictures; early animation and the transition mD from black-and-white to colour film. More recent innovations include 30 technology, the use of digital movie cameras low-fat spread I yogurt and combining animation with real actors. Movie-making b sugar-free chewing gum technology is developing rapidly with 'special effects' in particular becoming ever more dramatic, and this seems high-risk investment likely to continue into the future. short-sleeved shirt ~ part-time job 3 Pronundath:m ®1\"11:JMjii~W~ a Normally, a film review contains a brief synopsis of the 5 Before students repeat the compound adjectives, ask them to listen and identify where the main stress is in the compound contents of the story, without giving away the end, and the - on the first word or the second word. Note that all these reviewer's opinion of the film's strengths and weaknesses, compound adjectives are stressed on the second word all of which are included here. However, a film critic often except labour-saving, which has the stress on the first word. also comments on the performance of individual actors Mass-produced has the stress on the second syllable of the and actresses in a movie, which is missing from this review. second word. The review is written in an informal, chatty style. The highest possible number of stars. Audioscript 2·13 last-minute low-fat labour-saving sugar-free mass-produced high-risk home-made short-sleeved user-friendly cold-blooded hard-wearing
Evaluative adjectives 2 4 dm (ID 1!l hadn't lost wouldn't interrupt { could go Positive evaluative adjectives in review: best, fantastic, l.l had met E didn't have, had had applied magical, state-of-the-art, stunning, uplifting left !'! got didn't bring j told 5 You may Ii ke to give students the Un it Test on pages 105-106 ~ for this unit. Positive evaluative adjectives: clever, entertaining, exciting, first rate, funny, hilarious, original, spectacular, witty, :::J wonderful :::J Negative evaluative adjectives: amateurish, disappointing, 0 dull, fake, over-complicated, over-long, predictable, unconvincing, wooden < 6 OJ @i>1[:l!Jf41~ii-i!MG?'i cr;t· predictable :::J spectacular I stunning amateurish I unconvincing I wooden d entertaining over-complicated 7 &§I Books: author, chapter, plot, published, scene, series Concerts: choreography, conductor, lighting, orchestra Films: acting, cast, costumes, design, director, lighting, plot, released, scene, scenery, series, special effects, stunt, soundtrack Musk: album, conductor, lyrics, orchestra, released, soundtrack, track Ma.isic.ais: cast, choreography, conductor, costumes, design, director, lighting, lyrics, orchestra, plot, scene, soundtrack, special effects Plays: act, acting, cast, costumes, design, director, lighting, plot, scene, scenery, special effects, stunt TV: acting, cast, commentary, costumes, design, director, episode, series, special effects, stunt Exam pradke: Review 8 Read the Tip with the class before they attempt the task and encourage them to review the appropriate section of the Writing guide on page 183 for an overview of review writing. Unit 10 Review pagens 1 mD contribution choice I choosing latest criticisms traditional controversial announcement argument 75
Introduction 11age129 Grammar pag~m 1 Students' own answers. Conditionals 0, 1 and 2 2 Clarify with students what types of non-verbal 1 Encourage students to refer to the appropriate section of the communication the photos illustrate - eye contact, body Grammar reference on page 173 for help with these tasks. language, facial expressions and gestures. Ask them to think about different examples of each in their own country and mD say what they mean. Are there any types of communication that are associated with particular states of mind, such as Type 0: present simple, present simple feeling angry, upset or surprised? Type 1: present simple, will+ infinitive Type 2: past simple, would+ infinitive 3 Students' own answers. 2 Reading and Use of English Part 6 .pa9e1~11 mD Think ahead a Type 2 b Type 0 c Type 1 1 As discussed in the text, there is evidence to show that there 3 are facial expressions related to 'universal' emotions, which can be recognized by human beings everywhere - from mD cosmopolitan Western Europe to tribes in remote Africa. The facial expressions for happiness, anger and disgust, for a future possibility b imaginary I impossible example, seem to be innate and universally recognizable. However, if the students find the expressions in the photos 4 difficult to interpret, you could write the emotions on the board and get students to match them with the images on mD the page. a If the situation arises (and this is likely to happen), the POSSIBLE ANSWERS speaker in the first sentence is more sure of the desire to Top left to bottom right: work abroad than the speaker in the second sentence. 1 happiness 2 concern I interest 3 anger b If the situation arises (and this is not very likely to happen), 4 thoughtfulness 5 surprise I pleasure 6 confusion the speaker in the first sentence is more sure of the desire 2 Students' own answers. to work abroad than the speaker in the second sentence. Exam practice: Gapped text 5 Make sure students use the correct structure for Type 0 3 Before students read the text, you may want to check that conditional sentences: they understand these words: unique (original, the only one); If+ present simple or imperative classified (categorized); derive (come from); conceived (first thought of); contempt (a strong feeling of dislike combined POSSIBLE ANSWERS with a lack of respect). b If I have good news to pass on, I normally phone all my Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task. Encourage them to justify their answers by finding reference friends. words in the text. c If someone has upset me, I buy myself something nice like mD a new phone app. 1B2G3F4A5E6D d If I need a friend's advice, I talk to my brother or friends I Sentence C is not used. trust the most. Over to you e If I want to apologize for something I've done, I sometimes 4 & 5 Students' own answers. buy the person a coffee or a bunch of flowers. 76 6 POSSIBLE ANSWERS a If you play computers for too long, you'll damage your eyes. (Type 1) b If you don't go to bed earlier, you'll be too tired to study. (Type 1) c If you lend me your car for the evening, I'll take you out for a meal tomorrow. (Type 1) d I'd spend more time at home ifthe neighbours weren't so noisy. (Type 2)
Conditional 3 14 7 POSSIBLE ANSWERS b I'll never speak to you again unless you take back what you OD just said I apologize I say you are sorry. If you had given (past perfect) me your number, I would have c I'll lend you the money you need as long as you pay me sent (would+ has I have+ past participle) you a text message. back next week I promise to pay me back as soon as you 8 have the money. OD Exam practice: Key word transformation Type 3 conditional sentences are used to imagine different 15 Refer students to the Tip before they start the task. Remind possible results related to a situation in the past which them to apply the grammatical patterns that they have just cannot be changed. been practising to any conditional sentences. 9 OD POSSIBLE ANSWERS in spite of the dreadful b Sorry, but I would have contacted you if I had received 2 hadn't gone off 3 lend you my phone provided your text message. 4 are responsible for cooking c Sorry, I wouldn't have been late ifthere hadn't been a 5 had I not worn I if I hadn't worn 6 enough marks unless you start traffic jam. d If I'd known when your birthday was, I'd have bought you a Speaking Part 3 i>~9~134 present. Collocations with say, speak, talk and tell e If we hadn't got home so late, we could have watched a 1 d say e told f tell () DVD together. OD 0 10 a speak b tell c speak 3 POSSIBLE ANSWER g talking h tell 3c If I had been Jill Frame, I wouldn't have crossed the motorway. If I had been her, I would have waved to passing Confusing verbs: hope, wait, expect, look ::i motorists until one of them phoned the police. forward to () Mixed conditionals OJ 11 !:!\". OD 0 a The holiday has already happened. ::i b They haven't gone on holiday yet. 2 12 OD POSSIBLE ANSWERS a I wouldn't be at university a 3 b4 c2 d1 b I'd be in the Caribbean now c I'd be able to buy a new car 3 d hope you'll like d I'd be earning less money today e I wouldn't have to work OD e expecting f I wouldn't be here today a waiting for f looking forward to b expecting unless, as long as, provided that c looking forward to getting 13 Showing you are listening OD 4 Ask students to think both about how effective these courses a Unless you work harder, you'll fail your exams. of action would be to help people make friends, and also if b You'll pass your driving test as long as you practise enough. c You can borrow my car provided that you buy your own they would consider trying them themselves and why I why petrol. not. d You can't I mustn't phone me unless you have some 5 important news. OD a The candidates say that volunteering is a good way to meet people, as you work with other volunteers who have similar interests to you and there is an incentive to get on 77
with your colleagues. The fact that you are not working for Candidate A They can. money means there will be less competition. Candidate B But then if you meet them, they're often a b The candidates say that you do not really know if someone disappointment. is a friend until you meet them. You can think someone is a Candidate A Yes, I've had a couple of disappointments like friend on a website but change your mind when you meet that. them in person. Also, social networking sites don't help Candidate B Oh yeah? when you have moved to a new place. Candidate A Yes, it wasn't important, but it shows how wrong Audioscript 2·14 you can be about a person when you haven't met them, doesn't it? Examiner Now, I'd like you to talk about something together for about two minutes. I'd like you to imagine you are moving ICandidate B And in any case I can't see how joining a new to a new town and you would like to make some new friends. Here are some actions you could take and a question for networking site would help you to make new friends if you you to discuss. First you have some time to look at the task. moved to a new place. Now talk to each other about how these actions might help Examiner Thank you. Now you have about a minute to decide people to make new friends. which two actions would be most likely to help people to make new friends. Candidate A Okay, well, to start with I think lots of people find it difficult to make new friends in situations where there are Question tags lots of people they don't know, at a party, for example. I know 6 I do. So inviting people to a party wouldn't help people like me. OD Candidate B Really? a aren't they? b do they? c don't they? d haven't you? Candidate A Yes, I don't like being somewhere with a lot of e aren't you? f can't they? g doesn't it? c people I've never met before. 0 Candidate B Oh, don't you, I do. I find it really exciting - in fact, Pronunciation m I've made some really good friends at parties, so having a u c party I could invite new people to would really help me. 7 ::i Candidate A People are different, though, aren't they? I OD E E mean many people tend to make new friends on education Intonation usually falls for question tags when you expect agreement and rises when you are not sure of the answer. ~0 courses or at sports clubs - places where they go to actually do something active. a fall b fall c rise d rise e fall f fall g fall Candidate B I suppose so, but nobody actually does an education course to make new friends, do they? 8 Candidate A No, probably not, but people do make.new OD friends once they're there, don't they? Especially if it was a 1 rise b A:falling c Sentence 1 goes with rule B. part-time, an evening course maybe. B: rising Candidate B Yes, of course. 2 fall Sentence 2 goes with rule A. Candidate A You must have made one or two friends while Audioscript 2·15 you were on a course, haven't you? Candidate B Yes, I have, but when I'm studying, my mind is on The theory part of the driving test isn't difficult, is it? (rising the course, not on the other students. intonation) Candidate A Is that right? I think that's quite unusual. I can The theory part of the driving test isn't difficult, is it? (falling concentrate on the course and pay attention to other intonation) students. What about working as a volunteer for a charity 9 organization? Candidate B Yes, I think that's a really good idea. If you're a OD volunteer you're probably working with other volunteers who have similar ideas to you. You're working for other people, 1 isn't it 2 won't you 3 are you 4 have you 5 wasn't it aren't you? So it's important to get on with your colleagues, Exam practice: Collaborative task & isn't it? discussion Candidate A Yes, I hadn't thought of it like that. You're not doing it for money so you're not competing with other 1OThis task practises the decision-making task in Part 3 of people in any way, are you? Candidate B And social networking sites? the Speaking paper in which students have to come to an Candidate A I've never made any good friends myself that way. agreement regarding the topic they have been discussing. Candidate B I know what you mean. People can seem to be Refer students to the Tip before they start the task and good friends, can't they? remind them that the way they interact with their partner is also crucial in this part of the exam. The examiner is looking 78
for evidence of collaborative communication, so they Question 4. You hear a woman talking about a party n need to make sure they listen to their partner and respond she went to. appropriately to the ideas he or she expresses. 0 11 Students' own answers. I have to admit, life would have been dull if I hadn't told the occasional lie. Not wicked ones - just little lies that 3 listening Part 1 11ageB6 don't hurt anyone. I remember once at a party, I got stuck 3 with this really boring boy. All he could talk about was Thmnkahead football. After about twenty minutes, I was really fed up, so c I told him my cousin played for England - his eyes nearly 1 Students' own answers. popped out of his head. He wanted to know my cousin's :J name, and could I introduce him. When I said it was David Exam practice: Multiple choke Beckham, I thought he was going to faint with excitement. n It's not true - I just wanted to see his face. 2 Read the Tip with the class before students attempt the task. DJ Give students plenty of time to read through the questions Question 5. You hear a man talking about an and options, underlining any key words so they know what accident he was involved in. c:!\"\". information to listen out for. On the way back, I was really tired. I should have 0 c BA A A stopped for a quick nap, but I didn't. I kept going 'cos it was :J late and I wanted to get home. It was easy driving - there Audioscript 2·16 was hardly any traffic on the road. But unfortunately, I nodded off for a second, went off the road and scraped the You will hear people talking in eight different car against a tree. There wasn't much damage to the car - situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, B and I was fine after that. As soon as I got home, I told my dad or C).Question 1. You will hear a woman talking about an that I'd hit a tree, but what I didn't say was that I'd nodded off. invitation she turned down. ''\"'\"\"\"\"'\"'\"'\" Question 6. You hear a woman talking about a phone call she answered. Wom<m I was at my boyfriend's house a cou pie of weeks ago, The other day, the phone rang, and my brother and his mother asked me if I'd like to stay for lunch. I said I asked me to answer it. He thought it was probably his friend was expected home, but it was a complete lie - I'd actually Barbara and he didn't want to speak to her. He asked me to told my parents I'd be out all day and not to expect me say he wasn't in. Actually, it wasn't Barbara - it was another home before the evening. The thing is, I'd eaten at his house friend of his: Annie. Anyway, I just said he was out. Later, before and the food was terrible. But you can't tell the truth in when I told him who it was, he was absolutely furious. His situations like that, can you? exact words were: 'If I'd known it was Annie, I'd have spoken . Question 2. You hear a man being interviewed about to her: That's one of the problems about lying for someone else, isn't it? So why do you think the general public don't trust people like you? Question 7. You hear two people talking about something which one of them has bought. I think there are two main reasons. Firstly, we're famous for breaking our promises, aren't we? When we want people Didn't you think it was a bit strange, someone to vote for us, we pretend that we can make everything offering you such a bargain at a motorway service area? right. We say things like 'This time next year you'll all have more money in your pocket'. And sometimes it's impossible M;;;n Not really. It looked exactly like the real thing. And to make these things happen - it's then that people accuse us of telling lies. The second reason is to do with the party anyway, I've needed a new one for ages - mine hasn't kept system - we all have to say we agree with our party leader, proper time since I dropped it in the bath. whether we really do or not. So when did you realize you'd been tricked? Question 3. You hear a woman talking about As soon as I took it out of its case, I knew it was a fake. meeting a neighbour in town. When I turned it over it said Made in Toyland on the back! I'm not really keen on lying, but I was in town the Question 8. You hear a woman talking about other day and I bumped into one of my neighbours. She something she did for her sister. said she'd heard that my sister and her husband had split up, and she wanted to know if it was true. I kept a straight face My sister was on holiday last summer. She was and said I'd no idea. It was a lie, of course - I mean I'd known expecting her exam results towards the end of August and • about it for ages, but I wasn't going to give our family secrets she'd asked me to open her letters and telephone her with 1 away to someone I hardly knew. The trouble is, she'd have the results as soon as they arrived. She'd only been away wanted to know all the details, and everyone would have about a week when the letter came - I was so excited, I just known by the weekend. ripped it open without thinking. I couldn't believe it. She'd failed. I didn't know what to do. I couldn't tell her. She rang the next day and I said the letter hadn't come. I mean, if I'd . told her the result, it would have ruined her holiday. .......~......................• Over to you 3 Students' own answers.
Vocabulary pagem Yes - it's an informal, friendly style which is likely to engage the reader. TMnkahead 4 1 Check students understand the meaning of compliment ODl (praise, an admiring comment) Phrases starting sentences: Believe it or not I What I want more than anything I What I'll do now I It is because I The thing is I (n1l What has worked for me. Describing someone as being skinny is not a compliment as it suggests they don't look very healthy. 5 Posmtive or negative? ~ Believe it or not, I got a grade A in the speaking exam. 2 fat fake e gossiping It was because my spelling was so poor that I didn't do sneers old very well in the Writing test. ~ For me, the most effective activities are group discussions. cheap ruthless What I believe is that we should pay more attention to hysterical pricey correct pronunciation. The thing is not to worry about making mistakes. 3 O'D curious shy Exam pradke: Artide outgoing intelligent reserved ii easy-going 6 After students have read the task, check they understand what they have to do by asking the following questions: Who self-confident serious is the audience for this article? (other language learners) What does the writer ofthe article have to express an opinion about? Over to you (the most useful thing that learning a language enables c 4 Students' own answers. you to do) Should the writer base what they say on their own 0 experience? (yes) co Read the Tip with the class before the students start writing and encourage them to refer to the appropriate section of (_) the Writing guide on page 182 for an overview of writing articles. c Writing Part 2 ~ Artide pagena ::J E E Think ahead 0 ~1 l3D ,, Students' own answers. Unit 11 Review page 140 Openings should grab the reader's attention in some way. The opening could: 1 ·gain the reader's sympathy, e.g. Story 2, Introduction A (Di than Not ago the whether to 7 at ·seem relevant or familiar to the reader, e.g. Story 3, between Introduction A 0 raise a question, e.g. Story 1, Introduction B 2 , promise interesting factual information, e.g. Story 1, (3D Introduction A or Story 2, Introduction B I take we'd go hadn't you bring E>rn1m skills f had accepted you tell h I'd text I'll tell 2 3 ~ ~ b Students' own answers. <1 say speak speaking tells <: hope Students learning English (This is mentioned in the task.) looking forward to g expect 3 You may like to give students the Unit Test on pages 107-108 ~ for this unit. Yes Students' own answers. Students learning English probably will find this article interesting because it describes common language- learning activities.
Introduction pag~ T41 He was accused of assault. The judge sent him to an alternative school rather than jail. 1 He became a long-jump Olympic athlete. lfl111l\\>j,11:i!#£i~l>i'ifltm Exam pradke~ Multiple matching The top-left photo shows a young person involved in doing graffiti. It illustrates a type of low-level crime which can be 3 You may like to check that students understand the meaning quite common, and which is often associated with young of these words: juvenile (a young person, not subject to adult people. laws); role model (somebody who influences the behaviour of The top-right photo shows someone looking at a 'final notice' others, usually young people); juvenile detention centre (a kind - this suggests that the person is facing financial difficulties of prison for young people), assaulting (attacking); delinquents and is possibly in debt, which can have negative effects on (people who get in trouble with the law). life. The bottom-left photo shows a person who seems to be Draw students' attention to the Tip before they attempt the homeless. Homelessness is a terrible problem as it is very hard task, and give them time to read the questions carefully and for people to receive help from the state without an address. underline key words that they should search for in the text. The bottom-right photo shows a young man looking at vacancies in a job centre, which is where people go to look c D A 5 E c A 8 E B 'HJ D for work. This photo illustrates a negative aspect of society: unemployment. Crime vocabulary mugging ~l shoplifting CJ1 2 Students' own answers. 4 0 Reading and Use of English lmD n Pa rt 7 pal]e142 vandalism !l drink-driving (J) Think ahead Hooliganism f burglary rt- 1 Students' own answers. 5 '< Car theft, drink-driving, burglary, and robbery. ma A police officer pointed a gun at his head. ( He became an actor. has been robbed; was stolen being stolen He vandalized property. 've been robbed His probation officer helped him. stealing ~ He became a US senator. stole He used to get into fights. Over to you Teachers and counsellors helped him. ( He became a criminal defence lawyer. 6 Students' own answers. a He was a member of a gang and was arrested for Grammar (1) pa.gel« attempted murder. Prob~bmty and possibmty ~ Being arrested was his wake-up call. 1 Encourage students to refer to the appropriate section of the He became a corporate tax lawyer. Grammar reference on page 174 for help with these tasks. f3D must 't could d can't might 2 32 ~ 3 81
3 IJ present ( future present ' and Timothy Carlyle. There was no forced entry to the house, no broken windows or doors, so we concluded that the ~ murderer and the victim must have known each other. past Tell me about Prince. He found the body, didn't he? That's right, and contacted us. He heard the shot. 4 He's Miller's neighbour and has known him for years. What's his financial situation? Im mstir~(t\\lr He was a financial director until two years ago. He lost his job and things have gone very wrong for him since. have+ past participle He's got a lot of debts. iJ be +-ing So, we have a motive - money. What else do we know about him? infinitive without to He's got a few bad habits. He's a heavy drinker. He ~! infinitive without to has a gambling problem. His wife divorced him last year. Other structures with similar meanings: He's in quite a state - unshaven, unwashed, no smart clothes. must: probably, bound to Offker Right ... one unhappy man. What about Margaret might: maybe, perhaps, possibly McKenzie? She's the housekeeper. She worked for Miller for ! 5 about three years. I got the impression she didn't like him ' very much. I don't think her wages were very high, and mD she's got three children. ! Husband? \"' could I must I might be; might not have been In prison - for burglary - he's a master at blowing r can't have said up safes, apparently. Offi(e~ Interesting ... Miller's safe was blown, wasn't it? ~ can't I may I might I must not have heard That's right. can't have left Oilk!f!~ OK. Anything else? Does she have any bad habits? Drinking? Drugs? e must have got None that we know about. Well, she smokes f could I may I might have been wearing cigarettes, but that's about all. g can't have forgotten; may I might I must have happened; Offk!'!r Timothy Carlyle? He was Miller's best friend. They'd known each could I may I might have broken down other for years. He's got a reasonable job in a bank, but I don't Ii must have taken think he earns a lot, so perhaps money could have been a 6 Seeing anyone? m~~1~ltt1~\" Not that he'd admit to, although I get the feeling «m that he was lying when I asked him that question. i'l in his own home Interesting ... Why would he lie about that? What b late on Friday evening about bad habits? He was shot once in the head. 8 d money Wi1m!fi,U®Wrm three Somebody must have been drinking whisky because there are 7 two glasses on the table and an open bottle. The murderer must have been a smoker because there is an ~ unfinished cigarette in the ashtray. Simon The murderer must have known where the safe was because the picture has been removed. Relationship to Miller: neighbour Marital status: divorced Possible motive: money Bad habits: drinking, gambling Relationship to Miller: housekeeper Marital status: married (husband in prison) Possible motive: disliked employer, money Bad habits: smoking Relationship to Miller: best friend Marital status: single Possible motive: money, jealousy Bad habits: drinking Audioscript 2·17 How's the Miller Case going, Inspector? Well, Ma'am ... I've just finished interviewing our three main suspects. That's Simon Prince, Margaret McKenzie
The murderer might have been a man because there is a man's Worrying about money can also cause stress which can lead U1 hat left on the table, or the murderer could have been a woman to problems within families. because a woman's scarfhas been left on the armchair. 0 9 Students listen to the recording to check their answers. Exam practice: Multiple matching ~ Audioscript 2·18 3 Make sure students read the options before they listen to the recording and underline key words which help them to know CD Officer Congratulations, Inspector. I hear you've made an what to listen out for. Read the Tip with the class before they r-1\" arrest. attempt the task and remind them to use the key words to Inspector That's right. try to make as many choices of answer as possible the first '< Officer Perhaps you could fill me in? time they hear the audio. Inspector Of course. We made a detailed study of the crime scene. There were two glasses on the coffee table and a half ma empty bottle of whisky. This suggested that the victim must have known his murderer. Speaker 1: G Officer And that the murderer was a drinker. Speaker 2: F Inspector That's right. This ruled out McKenzie and pointed to Speaker 3: A either Prince or Carlyle, who both drink. There was, however, Speaker4: E a cigarette in the ashtray. We found no cigarettes belonging Speaker 5: C to Miller in the house, so we assume he was a non-smoker. D, Band H are not used. The only smoker amongst our suspects is McKenzie. We also found a lady's scarf on one of the chairs, again pointing to Audioscript 2·19 the housekeeper. Also, the Hoover was still in the room and it was plugged in! That said to me she must have been in the Narrator You will hear five short extracts in which people are house at the time of the murder, otherwise it would have talking about money. For questions 1-5, choose from the been put away. list (A-H) what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. Officer Then of course there was the fact that explosives were There are three extra letters which you do not need to use. used ... You now have thirty seconds to look at Part 3. Inspector ... and McKenzie's husband is in prison for using Speakerl For some people it's a harmless enough activity. explosives. They can have the odd bet, buy the occasional lottery ticket Officer So you arrested Margaret McKenzie. and it doesn't do them any harm. But for me it was like the Inspector Yes, we did. But ... there's something else ... money didn't have any value; it was just about winning. As Officer The whisky glasses .. . soon as I had cash I'd gamble it away. Fortunately, I was Inspector ... and the hat. There was a man's hat on the table. one of the lucky ones; I got help and my family were very Officer Simon Prince's? supportive. And I don't have a problem with it any more ... Inspector No ... I decided it can't have been his ... it was too I don't think it's considered a problem by society in the same smart. way that drug addiction is, for example, but I think it should Officer Timothy Carlyle? be. Inspector That's right. He and McKenzie were in it together \". Speaker 2 Some people say that drugs are largely to blame for for the money. most criminal activity these days and that if they legalized Listening Part 3 hard drugs it would make a huge difference to the crime Think ahead figures. But I hope they never do 'cos then I'd be out of a job! I'm not an addict myself. I don't do drugs. That's for idiots 1 Students' own answers. and that's not why I became a dealer. It was simply a case of making a living. OK, I know that in the eyes of the law I'm a 2 criminal, but if I don't do it someone else will. That's how I see it. It's an easy way to make money, but unless I get caught, POSSIBLE ANSWER I've got no intention of doing an ordinary job. There's just not enough money in it. Money has always been important as the means to buy and Speaker 3 When I was at university, I took out a loan to help sell things, but nowadays people seem to value money for its me pay my way, and by the time I graduated I owed £4,000. own sake too much. People also spend too much these days To be honest, I wasn't really bothered at first as I expected to on things they cannot afford and often don't need. People get a good job straight away and be able to pay it back quite are encouraged through advertising to want more and more quickly. However, I still haven't got a proper job and now I items such as fast cars, big houses, clothes and expensive owe £3,000 on my credit cards on top of the bank loan, and holidays. Banks often give credit too easily. These factors I've got absolutely no idea what I'm going to do. I realize can cause people to get into debt or even to commit crimes. it's entirely my own fault, but I think credit card companies and banks are also to blame. It's just too easy to get credit nowadays. 83
Money was always a problem. When I met John he Grammar (2) page14a had a good job, but he lost it shortly after we got married. ' However, I had a job and I thought we could make ends Think ahead meet. Then I got pregnant and had to give up work to look 1 i after the baby. John still couldn't find a job and by this time llm there was another one on the way. We couldn't afford to buy nice things for the kids or go out or do anything. That's a If you add the first two figures of your age, multiply by the when we started arguing, and from then on things just got second then divide by the first ... it won't change a thing, \\ worse. In the end we split up. I think if we hadn't had money you'll still be a year older. · problems, we might still be together. You know you're getting on when someone gives you a cake ... and you can't see it for the candles. 5 If you owe money, you worry about how on earth The secret of staying young is the careful use of make-up you are going to pay it back. If you can't afford to buy your ... just make up an age and stick to it. kids presents for Christmas you get stressed and upset. Even when you've got enough money, you think you need more. The cards show that people often make jokes about ; I got caught up in the rat race, just trying to earn more and getting older and that older people are teased about their more. I was working too hard, and if I hadn't done something appearance and their memory. about it I'd have found myself having a heart attack when I was still in my forties. Now I realize there are far more Articles important things in life than money. 2 Encourage students to refer to the appropriate section of the Over to you Grammar reference on page 174 for help with this task. 4 Students' own answers. (311 Speaking Parts 1, 2, 3 & 4 page147 a 2 0 0 the the 0 7 a an 9 0 an Exam pradke: Short exchanges The 11 the a a 15 the the 1 Read through the Tips with the class before starting this 0 rehearsal of the entire speaking paper. Emphasize especially that students should always try to relax because this will 3 Students' own answers. help them to perform better. If either their partner or their examiner says something they don't understand, all they Vocabu~ary page need to do is ask them politely to explain and I or repeat. Think ahead long turn 1 Students' own answers. 2 Remind students of the importance of approaching this task in 2 Check students understand the meaning of fund-raising an organized way. Tell them to have in their head a clear list of events (occasions involving activities that help to bring in various separate points they want to make about the pictures money for charity) before they start their discussion. and then to go through these systematically as they speak. This will help them avoid repeating themselves or getting 3 confused. Encourage them to practise at home so they can get a clear idea of how much they can say in one minute. m1i Collaborative task ;, every two years over £600 million 3 & 4 Encourage students to discuss each picture together everyone before they try to make a decision. In fact, it is not essential for Exam pradke: Multiple-choke doze the candidates to come to a decision if they are still involved in the discussion at the end of the three minutes they have for 4 When students have completed the task, check they this task. The important thing is to demonstrate that they can interact effectively and keep the discussion going. understand the meaning of these words: set up (started); get something across (give a message to people, explain Di5cusslcn something); hard-hitting (usually shocking and having a serious impact on people); donations (money given to charity). S Remind students to listen to each other and make comments or ask questions to elicit additional information. They should mi A collecting support any opinions they give or any points they made with reasons and examples. D up 2 C get C called Bfor D part Awhole Bviewers 84
Writing Part 2 - Report e As the show was a huge success, we're going to organize (f) another one next year. Think ahead 0n f Students donated both games they don't play with any 1 more and books they don't read any more. (ij' POSSIBLE ANSWERS g Not only was the sponsored bike ride very enjoyable, but it rt' Ways of raising money: a lottery; sponsored events; holding also raised a lot of money. a concert; collecting money; asking for donations; holding '< fetes or fairs; charity shops; fundraising events on TV. h As well as offering a prize of a dinner for two, a local a A lottery is likely to raise the most money on a regular restaurant also made a donation to the school. basis, although a concert or an evening offundraising Although the school raised £500, it wasn't enough to buy hosted by celebrities on TV would raise the most in one go. everything they wanted. b Collecting money in the street would probably be the The director thanked all the students who had helped to easiest to organize. make the event a success. Exam skills Exam practice: Report 6 Draw students' attention to the Tip before they start work 2 on the task and encourage them to refer to the appropriate OD section of the Writing guide on page 184 for an overview of report writing. a formal b suggestions on how to raise money to buy books for the Unit 12 Review school 1 c yes 3 Tell students to ignore the bold text and underlined OD sentences at this stage. When students have read through 1 was arrested for vandalizing the report, ask them to make comments about its 2 he owed his success to organization and style. (It is organized under three headings: 3 to let his mother hit Introduction, which sets the scene; Fund-raising activities, 4 was interested in helping which contains the main information; and Recommendation, 5 must have heard which is the conclusion. The ideas in the main information 6 may I might not have wanted section, Fund-raising activities, are organized as separate 7 that the elderly keep I for the elderly to keep numbered points.) 8 was such a popular event OD 2 a two: organize a sponsored race; charge an entrance fee for OD the next end-of-year show A b Students' own answers. 1 The 2 0 3 a 4 the 5 0 6 A I The 7 the 8 a Complex sentences 9 the 10 the B 4 1 0 2 0 3 a 4 the 5 a 6 the 7 The 8 the OD You may like to give students the Unit Test on pages 109-110 As I Because I Since all the proceeds would go towards the for this unit. purchase of books, I am certain our parents would be happy to contribute. 5 POSSIBLE ANSWERS a You could collect money in the town centre on a Saturday, which is the busiest day. b We collected a lot of money, so the school was able to buy the books it needed. c In addition to buying books, they were able to buy a new computer. d Despite the weather being very bad, people still collected a lot of money. 85
Unit Test 1 1 Complete the text with the correct form of the words in italics. When I was at school, everybody (1) must I had to wear a school uniform, although ties weren't compulsory so we (2) didn't need to wearI needn't have worn them. We could choose if we wanted to wear a jacket, so I did although I (3) shouldn't I needn't have. I liked this system, because it meant people (4) didn't have to worry I needn't have worried about very strict discipline, and we respected the rules. Things are a bit different these days. My daughter attends a school where pupils (5) must I need to wear a full school uniform. They (6) mustn't I don't have to wear any jewellery, they (7) don't need to I mustn't eat in class and they (8) have to I need to do what they are told at all times. I think schools (9) need to I mustn't have strict rules. Parents (10) need to I don't have to be able to have confidence in the authority of the school. Luckily, my daughter is a sensible girl, so I (11) don't need to I mustn't worry about her too much. The only problem I've had was when she wore a pair of earrings to class, which she knows she (12) needn'tI mustn't do. I (13) had to/ must go and see the headmistress and tell her she wouldn't do it again. She knows she (14) should I has to respect the school's rules, and she doesn't like it when I check her ears each morning. She always says, 'Mum, you (15) needn't/mustn't do that because I promise I won't wear them again'. __ / 15 marks 2 Complete these sentences with the correct preposition. a Eating well and exercising can lead better health. b She takes pride being a good mother. c My first impression the place was pleasing. d No one thinks bad things will happen them. e He can't help worrying _ _ _ _ his exam result, even though I'm sure he has done well. __ / 5 marks 3 Complete these sentences with a word related to the word in bold at the end of each sentence. a Someone who copies other peoples' signatures to get access to their assets is said to be a - - - - · fraud b My uncle works in a services company in London, and he works so hard! finance c When my grandmother entered the home, she was not impressed. 'I wanted to travel the world when I grew old, not sit in an armchair; she said with a frown. retire d She can copy anyone's accent and mannerisms because she is a good . impersonate e If he had studied harder at school, he would have some and be able to get a better job. qualify __ / 5 marks First Masterclass Unit Tests - ©Oxford University Press 87
4. Choose the correct present tense to complete these sentences. a She's not talking I She talks to me at the moment because we had an argument. b He's going I He goes to the gym twice a week. c Most weekends, I go/ I'm going walking to relax after a hard week of work. d They're never playing /They never play rugby when it rains. e I sometimes am drinking I drink wine when I am out with friends, but not always. f She's working I She works harder this week than last week. g Every so often, the volcano erupts I is erupting. h We're catching I We catch the bus today because our car is atthe garage. Currently, she's living I she lives with her parents, but it is only for a few months. j I always eat I am eating breakfast, lunch and dinner. _ _ / 10 marks 5 Complete these collocations by choosing the correct word in italics. a I noticed that he was acting I performing suspiciously. b She wears a wig and speaks with a different accent to conceal/show her true identity. c I can't tell you because it is secret I confidential information. d Young people are under a lot of friend I peer pressure. e You can never judge I tell someone by their appearance. _ _ / 5 marks 6 Complete these sentences with the rnrrect form of a word from the list. gaze look notice stare watch a I've never before how blue his eyes are. b at that building over there! It's beautiful. c I at her in disbelief d Do you want to _ _ _ _ television tonight? e They lovingly at their new baby. _ _ / 5 marks 7 Complete these sentences with a part of the The first letter is given. a You shrug yours________ when you don't know something. b If you stub your t_ _on something, it hurts. c Fortune tellers can predictthe future by reading other peoples' p___ -· d Awatch can be worn on the left or the right w___ -· e When my husband asked me to marry him, he got down on one k_ _ -· _ _ / 5 marks Total __ / 50 First fVlasterclass Unit Tests - ©Oxford University Press
Unit Test 2 1 Provide a word or phrase that is synonymous with the word in italics in the sentences below. a We would like to formally invite you to participate in our annual public speaking competition. _ _ __ b I found the book accidentally while I was cleaning the attic. _ _ __ c He has the natural skill to be a good rugby player. _ _ __ d Presently, I am living in Iceland. _ _ __ e Too much pressure is not good for your heart. _ _ __ __ /5 marks 2 Rewrite the sentences, using can I can't or could I couldn't and making any other necessary changes. a You are able to do it! Come on, keep trying! _ _ __ b When I was younger, I was able to swim fast. _ _ __ c If you lost a little weight, you would probably be able to fit into that dress. _ _ __ d He wouldn't have been able to finish the exam even if he'd had more time. _ _ __ e I have tried and tried, but I am still unable to do it. _ _ __ __ /5 marks 3 Rewrite each sentence using the word given in bold, so that the second sentence has a similar meaning. a Did you book tickets to see Madonna? manage Did you tickets to see Madonna? b I passed my exams. succeeded I my exams. c Juventus scored two goals in the last five minutes of the game. managed Juventus two goals in the last five minutes of the game. d Scientists have found a new cure for the common cold. in Scientists have _ _ _ _ a new cure for the common cold. e Jenny could swim for miles when she was younger. able Jenny for miles when she was younger. __ / 10 marks 4 Complete the table. An example is given. Adjective Comparative Superlative long longer the longest heavy bad good narrow First Masterclass Unit Tests Photocopiable ©Oxford University Press 89
independent large careful thin important happy __ / 10 marks 5 Correct the underlined mistakes, a My brother's not nearlv as faster than me. _ _ __ b This is the bv far most easiest exercise. _ _ __ c That was the betterest match I've ever seen. _ _ __ d He's a little cleverest than me. _ _ __ e You're always considerablvmore laterthan me. _ _ __ __ /5 marks 6 Match the meaning of get in sentences 1-5 with its more formal equivalent in a-e. I couldn't get you on the phone, even though I tried several times. _ _ __ a buy b arrived 2 We gotthe train because it was quicker. _ _ __ c contact d caught 3 Did you remember to get me a newspaper? _ _ __ e understand 4 Sorry, I didn't get what you said. Can you say it again? _ _ __ 5 By the time we got there, Tom had already gone. _ _ __ __ / 5 marks 7 Complete these sentences with the correct phrasal verb from the list. turn back turn into turn over turn to turn up a Top professional football clubs an enormous amount of money. b Jemma late for work on her first day because she missed the bus. c The road was blocked because of an accident, so they had to _ _ __ d Ray a really good athlete since he started training more seriously. e My older brother is someone I can always when I've got a problem. __ / 5 marks 8 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the word in italics. a His arrival I arriving will be exciting. b The national employee/ employment level is improving. c People have more money in times of prosperityI prosperous. d I like to get as much information/informed as I can before I start. e The completing I completion date is quite soon, I think. __ / 5 marks Total __ / 50 First Masterclass Unit Tests - ©Oxford University Press
Unit Test 3 1 Complete these sentences with the correct words in italics. a Since joining the tennis club, Iwas able to/I've been able to learn some new techniques. b If I were able to/ can sing better, I would perform professionally. c Although he had been unwell, he was able to/ could collect his prize last Friday. d He'll never be able to I He can't ski again after the accident. e I can I could play the piano much better now that I'm taking lessons. f My grandfather could I has been able to play the guitar when he was younger. g She hasn't been able to I couldn't find a job yet. h Even if we'd got there earlier, we couldn't /wouldn't have been able to get the tickets. If I study hard,/'// be able to I Ican't speak Spanish fluently. I can'tI couldn't afford to buy the car last year because it was too expensive. _ _ / 10 marks 2 Complete these sentences with the correct form of used to I didn't use to, be used to I not be used to or get used to I not get used to and the verb in brackets. a When I was younger, I (wear) glasses, but now I don't need them. b I'm (cycle) now, although it was strange at first because I'd always driven everywhere. c I don't think I'll ever (live) in the city, because I grew up in the country. d I _ _ _ _ (not I eat) so much at lunchtime. I'm falling asleep. e I (drive) on the left-hand side of the road because it's the same in my country. f I (not I smoke), but now I do. I'm trying to stop. g It often takes some time to (be) a new parent. h I (not I have) a siesta when I first moved to Spain, but now I love it. There _ _ _ _ (not I be) a cinema here, but now there is. _ _ _ _ (have) long hair when I was a teenager, but now I prefer it short. _ _ / 10 marks 3 Match the 1.mcountable nouns a-e with expressions 1-5. a luck 1 bottles of b furniture 2 a word of c milk 3 a sheet of d advice 4 an item of e music 5 a stroke of _ _ /5 marks First Masterclass Unit Tests - ©Oxford University Press 91
4 Replace the verb in italics in each sentence with the correct form of a phrasal verb from the list. cut down on get by give up put on light up a I need to reduce the amount of coffee I drink. b In order to avoid gaining weight she began going to a dancing class. c His eyes shine when they see her. d They had to drink rain water to survive. e We have stopped watching the news because it is too upsetting. __ / 5 marks 5 Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb from the list. give away give back give in give out give up on a Jack refused to , even though he knew he'd lose the match. b I didn't go and see the film because Tom the ending by mistake. c I'll you your CD next week. d Protestors were _ _ _ _ leaflets outside Parliament yesterday. e He's been unemployed so long now, I've almost _ _ _ _ him. __ / 5 marks 6 Use the words below to complete the sentences. There is one extra word which you do not need to use. completely hurriedly often only surprisingly unfortunately a _ _ _ _,my friend has gone to live far away. b I _ _ _ _ agree with your idea. c I go to the cinema as as I can because I really love films. d She packed her bag and left the house. e She is _ _ _ _ smart for someone so young. __ / 5 marks I Correct any mistakes in the sentences below. Not all the sentences have mistakes. a My neighbour make a lot of noise. b Can I have five equipments, please? c She asked for a sheet of papers to write on. d A box of matches was in her pocket. e I would like an item of fruit, please. __ / 5 marks S Compiete the table with the expressions from the list. What do you think? How about ... ? I'm not so sure I'm absolutely sure that. I think we should Function Example Making a suggestion Total __ / 50 Expressing certainty ©Oxford University Press Asking for an opinion Giving an opinion Agreeing I Disagreeing __ / 5 marks First Masterclass Unit Tests -
Unit Test 4 1 Complete the dialogue with the correct words in italics. T@m Hi Sarah, it's Tom - (1) are you doing I do you do anything tonight? Sarn:ii Hi Tom, (2) I'm meeting I/'// meet Jean, but I'm free tomorrow. (3) Shall we meet up/Will we meet up? Yes, there's a good film on at the cinema. What time (4) will it start I does it start? 7.30. The only problem is that my car's broken down. (5) I'm going to have 11 have it fixed sometime next week. Don't worry (6) I'm going to pick you up I /'II pick you up at about seven. Great. Oh, by the way, how was your holiday? \"fom Good. (7) /'//probably go back/ I probably go back again. Jean and I (8) will talk! are going to talk about our holiday tonight. I expect (9) we'll go back/we're going back to Spain, as we normally do. By the way, did you know that (10) Jeans having I Jean will have a party next week? (11) She'll be I She'll be going to be twenty-one, and she's been really busy organizing things. I think she needs someone to organize the music for her. Tom (12) I'm doing//'// do itl I've got some great CDs that I think (13) she'll like I shes going to like. Anyway, (14) /'//see you I I see you at seven tomorrow? Yes, great. Sorry, I'll have to go now, Tom - I've just spotted some black clouds and I think (15) its going to rain I its raining. I must bring my bike indoors. __ / 15 marks 2 Complete these sentences with either the future perfect or the future continuous form of the verb in brackets. a In two years' time, we _ _ _ _ (be) married for 40 years. b This time next week, I (fly) across the Atlantic. c By this time next month, I (finish) my course at university. d In years to come, women (have) children at a later age than now. e By the year 2050, the average size of the family (decrease). _ _ / 5 marks 3 Choose which verb, have or take, is correct in these collocations. a He had I took the opportunity to go to university, but instead he decided to travel. b The murder had I took place in a famous hotel. c It is important to take I have good care of your children. d My sister has I takes three children. e They took/ had their children to the cinema. _ _ / 5 marks First Masterclass Unit Tests - ©Oxford University Press
4 Complete these sentences with the correct phrasal verb from the list. bring back bring down bring in bring round bring up a children involves a lot of responsibility. b The school has a new rule for students who arrive late. c Coming here today has _ _ _ _ happy memories of my childhood. d The department's policy is intended to _ _ _ _ the rate of divorce. e When Jean fainted, we managed to her with a glass of cold water. _ _ / 5 marks 5 Complete these sentences with bound to or (un)likely to. a The government is bound to I unlikely to raise taxes on cigarettes as part of its 'No smoking' policies. b The environment is unlikelyto/likelyto improve unless we do something about pollution. c The movie is bound to I unlikely to be good - the director is brilliant! d There are bound to I likely to be lots of people at the gig - he's a popular singer. e The buses are running late so I'm unlikelyto/likelyto be home early. _ _ / 5 marks 6 Rewrite each sentence using the word given in bold, so that the second sentence has a similar meaning. a My brother looks much happier. I think he's stopped working so hard. given My brother must _ _ _ _ working so hard. He looks much happier. b If your neighbours are making too much noise, you should raise it with your landlord. bring Why with your landlord if you're concerned about the noise your neighbours are making7 c My cat is finding it difficult to adjust to our new garden. used My cat can't _ _ _ _ our new garden. d If it were my decision, there would be fair trade between countries. up lf _ _ _ _ there'd be fair trade between countries. e Some places are cheaper than others. more Some places are than others. _ _ / 5 marks 7 Complete these sentences with the correct !inking words in italics. a In addition to I Although eating better you would need to do some exercise if you want to be more healthy. b I continued swimming, but/ despite my aching arms. c It was almost I in the end midnight by the time we arrived. d There are many reasons why the climate is changing; because ofI for instance, population growth. e Before/While going to work, I went for a run. f Having a charity run is a good idea. in conclusion /On the other hand, it will involve a lot more organizing than a cake sale. g It was because ofI the result of him that we were late. h Although I However, it was not considered to be a good plan. In the end/ Jn conclusion, I would like to say thanks to my family. j I would love some coffee, and I but no sugar, please. _ _ / 10 marks Total __ / 50 First Masterclass Unit Tests - ©Oxford University Press
Unit Test 5 1 Complete these sentences with the words in brackets, using either the past simple, past continuous, past perfect or present perfect simple tense. a I _ _ _ _ (visit) Havana before so I knew my way around the city. b I (never I eat) sushi. Is it nice7 c We (phone) the travel agent, but the line was engaged. d What (do) at 10 p.m. last night? e Sue (already I make) dinner by the time I suggested eating out. f Tom studied French while he _ _ _ _ (live) in Paris. g My friend called to let us know that the restaurant _ _ _ _ (close) years ago. h How long ago (you I start) learning Urdu? i They (not I organize) their visas yet. j As soon as we (check in), we went for a coffee. k I (learn) a lot about French culture when I went to Paris. I Fiona (pack) her suitcase when she found the letter. m (ever I try) couscous? It's North African. n Oh dear, we (not I bring) our dictionary. o I (not I realize) it would be so hot when I chose this resort. __ / 15 marks 2 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the word in italics. a It is my believe I belief that kindness is a virtue. b It is not necessary I necessity to phone me every day. c Constructive/Construction criticism can be very helpful. d Farmers/Farming plays an important part in all societies and cultures. e Your ring looks like it's very valuable/valued. How much did it cost? f In all fair /fairness, she didn't know what she was doing. g They live nearlyI nearthe swimming pool. h Heat I Heating our house is very expensive. Can you believe I believing what they're saying! j He works very efficiency I efficiently. __ / 10 marks First Masterclass Unit Tests - ©Oxford University Press 95
3 Write the extreme form of these adjectives. The first letter is given. a hot b_____ _ b dirty c happy f_ ___ _ d angry e cold d_______ _ f scared g funny f_ ____ _ h clean f_ _____ _ big t_______ _ j surprised h_______ _ s______ _ h__ _ a____ _ __ / 10 marks 4 Complete these sentences with the correct word in italics. a I've been on a fast I diet for two weeks now and I still haven't lost any weight. b You can exchange the goods if you have a receipt I recipe. c Waiter, what's on the list/ menu tonight? d The pasta tastes too salty I savoury. e Steve's a fantastic cook/ cooker. Have you tasted his lasagne? f It was a sensible I sensitive idea to bring an umbrella. g Valentine's Day is normally observed I celebrated in February. h Eating too much junk/rubbish food can cause serious health problems. Tap I Running water is usually treated to make it drinkable. I prefer flat I still water to fizzy water because there are no bubbles. __ / 10 marks 5 Complete the text with the correct phrasal verb from the list. pick up see off set off stop over take off When Sophie phoned to tell me she was coming for a holiday, I was really excited and offered to (1) her from the airport. Her plane (2) from Australia at 6 a.m. and she was (3) in Delhi, so I knew she'd be tired when she arrived. I (4) early and arrived in time to meet her coming through arrivals. We spent a great month together, and I've decided to go and visit her in Sydney. When I (5) her at the airport, we both had tears in our eyes! __ / 5 marks Total __ / 50 96 First Masterclass Unit Tests - ©Oxford University Press
Unit Test 6 1 Complete these sentences with a gen.md or an infinitive form of the verb in brackets. a I managed _ _ _ _ (buy) some tickets for the concert. b They admitted (be) there when it happened. c Have you considered (move) house? d We can't afford (go) on holiday this year. e I've given up (try) to remember his name. My memory is terrible! f We regret (inform) you that your application has been unsuccessful. g I really need (sleep) for at least eight hours a night. h (smoke) is bad for your health. I can't stand not _ _ _ _ (be) able to sleep at night. j He intends (travel) the world next year. k I love (watch) old films on TV I I hope (winJ the competition. m Have you thought about (start) your own business? n Did you agree (go) with her? o _ _ _ _ (live) in a city can be stressful. __ / 15 marks 2 Complete these sentences with the correct words in italics. a I stopped to have I having a rest then ea rried on studying. b He went on talking I to talk about his plans even though we'd lost interest. c Don't forget posting Ito post my application form. d I'll always remember seeing Ito see Tom for the first time. e I tried to send I sending her flowers, but she still won't talk to me. _ _ / 5 marks 3 Rewrite each sentence using the word given in bold, so that the second sentence has a similar meaning. a Nowadays, I find it difficult to remember dates. good Nowadays, I'm dates. b My friends didn't have enough money to buy the car they wanted. afford My friends the car they wanted. c My father said he'd meet me outside the rugby stadium. arranged My father outside the rugby stadium. d My colleague wishes he'd stayed at university. regrets My colleague his education. e It always worries me that I'll arrive late for meetings. time I'm always worried about _ _ _ _ for meetings. _ _ / 5 marks First Masterclass Unit Tests - ©Oxford University Press
4 Match these sentences with adjectives from the list and say whether the adjective refers to positive (P) or negative (N) personal qualities. Two of the adjectives are not used. arrogant confident dependable indecisive reserved self-reliant pessimistic a If I need something done, I ask Tom - he's so _ _ __ P/N P/N b 'Please can you make up your mind! Why are you so ?' P/N P/N c She enjoys public speaking. She's a very person. P/N d My brother doesn't need anyone - he prides himself on being _ _ __ e They see problems everywhere. I guess they're just _ _ __ __ /5 marks 5 Complete these sentences with the correct word in italics. a They were arguing passionatelyI soundly. b Unfortunately, he has begun drinking hardlyI heavily. c I really hope I get a sound I an attentive night's sleep. d The talk was so interesting that I listened passionatelyI attentively throughout. e I'm working so hard I attentively to finish on time. __ /5 marks 6 Complete these sentences with a suitable adjective. The first letter is given. a There's going to be h____ rain in the south. b There was a rise in s______ crime in London last year. c There will be some s_____ wind in the north tomorrow. d She was a c____ friend until we had that silly argument. e Gardening can be h___ work. __ /5 marks 7 Correct the words in italics in these sentences, using a word from the list in a suitable form. cause express find reach take a We acquired a solution to the problem yesterday. _ _ __ b Please say your opinion as clearly as possible. _ _ __ c I'm performing my final exam tomorrow. _ _ __ d She's made enough problems already. _ _ __ e It's going to take us ages to achieve a decision. _ _ __ __ /5 marks 8 Complete these sentences using make or do in the correct form. a I think that _ _ _ _ business with him will be useful to us. b Can I a suggestion? c He was the housework when we arrived. d Have you up your mind yet where you want to go tonight? e If you hadn't such a fuss, we'd still be waiting. __ /5 marks Total __ / 50 98 First Masterclass Unit Tests Photocopiable ©Oxford University Press
Unit Test 7 1 Rewrite these sentences to make them passive. a They're going to open the sports complex next week. The sports complex _ _ __ b The USA manufactures a lot of sports equipment. A lot of sports equipment _ _ __ c They're building some tennis courts in the park. Some tennis courts _ _ _ __ d Johnson wrote a book about playing tennis. A book about playing tennis _____ e You can play football indoors or outdoors. Football _ _ __ f The council has just submitted a plan to improve the area. A plan to improve the area _ _ _ __ g They were cleaning out the swimming pool yesterday. The swimming pool _ _ __ h We will teach you how to play squash. You _ _ __ We can reserve a seat for you in the front row. A seat in the front row _ _ __ The company builds high-speed trains. High-speed trains _ _ __ __ /20 marks 2 Rewrite these sentences to make them passive, using the correct form of have. a The hairdresser cut my hair yesterday. I by the hairdresser yesterday. b The manicurist has painted my nails. I by the manicurist. c A mechanic is going to service my car tomorrow. ____ tomorrow. d A decorator is painting my kitchen at the moment. I at the moment. e The superma1·ket delivers my groceries. I by the supermarket. __ /5 marks First Masterclass Unit Tests - ©Oxford University Press
Search
Read the Text Version
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 65
- 66
- 67
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 72
- 73
- 74
- 75
- 76
- 77
- 78
- 79
- 80
- 81
- 82
- 83
- 84
- 85
- 86
- 87
- 88
- 89
- 90
- 91
- 92
- 93
- 94
- 95
- 96
- 97
- 98
- 99
- 100
- 101
- 102
- 103
- 104
- 105
- 106
- 107
- 108
- 109
- 110
- 111
- 112
- 113
- 114
- 115
- 116
- 117
- 118
- 119
- 120
- 121
- 122
- 123
- 124
- 125
- 126
- 127
- 128
- 129
- 130
- 131
- 132
- 133
- 134
- 135
