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B.A. 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL HISTORY AND CULTURE OF PUNJAB - I Course Code: BAQ-103 Semester: First SLM Unit : 8-9 e-Lesson 8-9 www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103)
HISTORY AND CULTURE OF PUNJAB - I OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION 33 After studying this unit, you will be able to: Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Acquaint students about the Epic Age and impact Indian adepts, may be viewed as a separate which these had left on the life of common branch or as an aspect of Mahayana people Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings Make learners familiar with the teaching of Lord of eighth-century India, is practised in the Buddha and as it was free from caste system and countries of the Himalayan region, Mongolia, other restrictions, common people adopted and Kalmykia. Buddhism www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BBAAQQ10130)3) INASlTl ITriUgThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEd AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING
Topics to be covered 4 > Life of the Buddha > Impact of Buddhism on the Punjab > The Origin of Jainism https://www.google.co.in/search?q=Buddhism&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEw HISTORY AND CULTURE OF igr7angujoAhUgDbcAHU1eCO4Q2 PUNJAB > Impact of Jainism on the Punjab > Reasons for the Spread of Jainism https://www.google.co.in/search?q=origin+of+jainism&safe=active& www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
LIFE OF THE BUDDHA Who was Buddha? 5 Buddha, born with the name Siddhartha Gautama, was a teacher, philosopher and spiritualleader who is considered the founder of Buddhism. He lived and taught in the region around the border of modern-day Nepal and India sometime between the 6th to 4th century B.C. Early Life Buddha was born in the 6th century BC, or possibly as early as 624 BC, according to somescholars.Other researchers believe he was born later, even as late as 448 BC. And some Buddhistsbelieve Gautama Buddha lived from 563 BC to 483 BC. www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) https://www.google.com/search?q=little+buddha&s afe=active&rlz=1C1OKWM_enIN849IN849&sxsrf All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
LIFE OF THE BUDDHA 6 Siddhartha Gautama Siddhartha (“he who achieves his aim”) Gautama grew up the son of a ruler of the Shakyaclan. His mother died seven days after giving birth. The Second Exile For this exile, the Pandavas left their ageing mother Kunti behind at Hastinapur, in Vidur’splace. They lived in forests, hunted game, and visited holy spots. https://www.google.com/search?q=Siddhartha+Gautama&tbm=isch&ve d www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
IMPACT OF BUDDHISM ON PUNJAB 7 1. Chinapatti: Chinapatti has been identified with the modern Patti in Amritsar district. It was so known because it was the winter residence of Kanishka’s Chinese hostages . 2. Jalandhar: The city of Jalandhar visited by Hiuen Tsang was the modern Jalandhar 3. Satadru: Satadru was another name of the river Sutlej and in olden days it also denoted a kingdom, the capital of which was Satadrue, now identified with Sanghol, near Sirhind. Here, Hiuen Tsang saw ten sangharamas but the halls were deserted and cold, with very few priests. Here, Asoka had also constructed a stupa which was still standing at the time of Hiuen Tsang’s visit 4. Amritsar: Sikhism is younger to Buddhism by over 2000 years as https://www.google.com/search?q=Satadru&tbm=isch Guru Nanak, its foundewas born in 1469 AD whereas the Buddha &ved lived in the 6th century BC. www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
THE ORIGIN OF JAINISM 8 The origin of Jainism is shrouded in obscurity. The followers of Jainism believe that their religion is as old as the Vedic religion. In fact, we have reference to Rishabha and Arishtanemi, two of the Jain Tirthankaras in the Vedic literature. The former is considered to be the founder of Jainism. In the Vishnu and Bhagvata Puranas also, Rishabha is depicted as an incarnation of Narayana. www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
IMPACT OF JAINISM ON PUNJAB 9 Growth of Language and Literature Jainism influenced Indian language and literature. Vardhaman Mahavir preached in ‘Ardha-Magadhi’ language, the language of the common man. Principle of Non-violence Mahavira Jaina was the embodiment of peace. He was the preacher of non-violence. He rejected the Vedic rituals and taught to be kind and humane to the animals. Influence on Politics Jainism influenced the Indians politics too. It cast its influence over many rulers. https://www.google.com/search?q=Principle+of+Non- violence+by+buddha&tbm www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
IMPACT OF JAINISM ON PUNJAB 10 Growth of Trading Community Jainism contributed a lot for the growth of trading community. At first, Jainism became popular among the traders and merchants. Creation of Healthy Society Jainism went a long way in creating a healthy society. Mahavir preached against the caste system. With the end of caste system in society, the grip of the higher caste over the lower cast ended. www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) https://www.google.com/search?q=Trad ing+Community+during+jainism&tbm=is ch&ved= All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
IMPACT OF JAINISM ON 11 PUNJAB Growth of Charitable Institutions Jainism helped a lot in the growth of charitable institutions. Its influence on the kings and other people was abiding Growth of Art and Architecture Jainism helped a lot in the growth of Art and Architecture. The kings patronized Jainism. So many Jaina unages and the images of Jaina Tirthankara were found in many parts of India. New Touch of Life Jainism gave a new touch to life. It criticized the Vedic religion and the predominance of Brahmanism. Thus, the people turned away their attention from the unnecessary ritualistic practices. www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) https://www.google.com/search?q=Art+and+A rchitecture+during+jainism&tbm=isch&ved= All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
REASONS FOR SPREAD OF 12 JAINISM Use of Simple Language Mahavira’s religious message was in simple language. His religion was spread through the language of the masses like Magadhi, Prakrit and colloquial languages. Simple Doctrine Secondly, Vardhaman Mahavira’s Jainism came to the masses as a welcome relief. They were already fed up with the highly complex Vedic rites and rituals. Jainism was simple, unlike the Vedic religion. The people found it easy to understand and accept. www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) https://www.google.co.in/search?q=P ersonality+of+Mahavira&tbm=isch&ve d= All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
REASONS FOR SPREAD OF 13 JAINISM Personality of Mahavira The strong and impressive personality of Mahavira was another factor in this regard. Patronage or Rulers Fourthly, the Kshatriya kings and princes, already unhappy with the increasing influence of the Brahmins in the society, came to accept Jainism and patronize it as it was anti-Brahminical and sponsored by an ex-prince. Role of Jaina Monks https://www.google.com/sear Fifthly, the role of the Jaina monks and mendicants was unique for the ch?q=Jaina+Monks&tbm=isch&ved= spread of Jainism. All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103)
KEY WORDS/ ABBREVIATIONS 14 Life of the Buddha: Buddhism is an Indian religion attributed to the teachings of the Buddha. The Ascetic Life: Siddhartha lived an ascetic life, studying and meditating using the words of various religious teachers as his guide. The Buddha Emerges: Siddhartha sat alone under the Bodhi tree, vowing to not get up until the truths he sought came to him. Teachings of Jainism: Belief in soul and karma, nirvana and non-belief in God. Nirvana: The chief object of life according to Mahavira is to attain salvation. www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
LEARNING ACTIVITY 15 1. You are suggested to prepare report on “Teachings of Jainism”. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. You are required to identify the impact of Jainism on the Punjab. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
SUMMARY 16 Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists. Buddhism encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on original teachings attributed to the Buddha and resulting interpreted philosophies. The name Buddha means \"one who is awakened\" or \"the enlightened one.\" While scholars agree that Buddha did in fact exist, the specific dates and events of his life are still debated. Jainism traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion. Followers of Jainism are called \"Jains\", a word derived from the Sanskrit word jina (victor) referring to the path of victory in crossing over life's stream of rebirths by destroying karma through an ethical and spiritual life. Large literature was produced in the vernacular language also. For example Mahavira preached in a mixed dialect called Ardha Magadhi so that people of the area could understand his teachings. The prominent scholars of the Jain literature were Hem Chandra, Hari Bhadra, Sidha Sena, Pujya Pad. The followers of Jainism built many famous caves such as Tiger cave of Udaigiri and Indira Sabha of Ellora. www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 17 1. How may followers of Buddhist? Ans: Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists. (For more information see SLM) 2. Write the meaning of Buddha. Ans: The name Buddha means \"one who is awakened\" or \"the enlightened one.\" 3. Name the dialect of Mahavir. (For more information see SLM) Ans: Mahavira preached in a mixed dialect called Ardha Magadhi so that people of the area could understand his teachings. 4. What did the followers of Jainism built ? Ans: The followers of Jainism also built many famous caves such as Tiger cave of Udaigiri and Indira Sabha of Ellora. (For more information see SLM) www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 18 1. In the Vishnu and Bhagvata Puranas also, __________is depicted as an incarnation of Narayana. (a) Rishabha (b) Arishtanemi (c) Muni (d) None of the above Ans (a) 2. The city of ___________visited by Hiuen Tsang was the modern Jalandhar (a) Dharmshala (b) Delhi (c) Morinda (d) Jalandhar Ans (d) 3. Buddhism encompasses a variety of __________. (a) Traditions (b) Beliefs (c) Spiritual practices (d) All the above Answers: 1.(a) 2.(d) 3.(d) www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
REFERENCES 19 •Basham, A.L.(1992). The Wonder that was India. Calcutta: Rupa Books. •Walia, J.M.(1992). A History of the Punjab. Ludhiana: Kalyani Publishers. •Joshi, L.M. and Singh, F.(1977). History and Culture of the Punjab.Vol. I. Patiala: Punjabi University •https://www.ancient.eu/Mahabharata/ •https://asiasociety.org/education/ramayana www.cuidol.in Unit-8-9 (BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
20 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-7-9 BAQ103 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL
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