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324 Computer Programming PRACTICAL POINTERS AND DMA UNIT 3 PROGRAMS ON POINTERS 1. Write a program using pointer and function to determine the length of string. #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main() { char a[100]; int length; printf(\"Enter a string to calculate its length\\n\"); gets(a); length = strlen(a); printf(\"Length of the string = %d\\n\", length); return 0; } Output: CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Pointers and DMA 325 2. Write a program using pointer to compare two strings #include <stdio.h> //Macro for maximum number of characters in a string #define MAX 100 int main() { //declare string variables char str1[MAX]={0}; char str2[MAX]={0}; int loop; //loop counter int flag=1; //declare & initialize pointer variables char *pStr1=str1; char *pStr2=str2; //read strings printf(\"Enter string 1: \"); scanf(\"%[^\\n]s\",pStr1); printf(\"Enter string 2: \"); getchar(); //read & ignore extra character scanf(\"%[^\\n]s\",pStr2); //print strings printf(\"string1: %s\\nstring2: %s\\n\",pStr1,pStr2); //comparing strings for(loop=0; (*(pStr1+loop))!='\\0'; loop++) { if(*(pStr1+loop) != *(pStr2+loop)) { flag=0; CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

326 Computer Programming break; } } if(flag) printf(\"Strings are same.\\n\"); else printf(\"Strings are not same.\\n\"); return 0; } Output: 3. Write a program using pointer to concatenate two strings. #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main() { char a[1000], b[1000]; printf(\"Enter the first string\\n\"); gets(a); printf(\"Enter the second string\\n\"); gets(b); strcat(a, b); printf(\"String obtained on concatenation: %s\\n\", a); return 0; } CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Pointers and DMA 327 Output: 4. Write a program using pointer to copy one string to another string #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main() { char source[1000], destination[1000]; printf(\"Input a string\\n\"); gets(source); strcpy(destination, source); printf(\"Source string: %s\\n\", source); printf(\"Destination string: %s\\n\", destination); return 0; } Output: CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

328 Computer Programming 5. Write a program using pointer to read an array if integer and print element in reverse order. #include <stdio.h> int main() { int n, c, d, a[100], b[100]; printf(\"Enter the number of elements in array\\n\"); scanf(\"%d\", &n); printf(\"Enter array elements\\n\"); for (c = 0; c < n ; c++) scanf(\"%d\", &a[c]); // Copying elements into array b starting from the end of array a for (c = n - 1, d = 0; c >= 0; c--, d++) b[d] = a[c]; // Copying reversed array into the original, we are modifying the original array. for (c = 0; c < n; c++) a[c] = b[c]; printf(\"The array after reversal:\\n\"); for (c = 0; c < n; c++) printf(\"%d\\n\", a[c]); return 0; } Output: CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Pointers and DMA 329 6. Write a program that uses a table of integers whose size will be specified interactively at run time. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void main() { int *p, *table; int size; printf(\"\\nWhat is the size of table?\"); scanf(\"%d\",&size); printf(\"\\n\"); if((table = (int*)malloc(size *sizeof(int))) == 0) { printf(\"No space available \\n\"); exit(1); } printf(\"\\n Address of the first byte is %u \\n\", table); /* Reading table values*/ printf(\"\\nInput table values\\n\"); for (p=table; p<table + size; p++) scanf(\"%d\",p); /* Printing table values <span id=\"IL_AD3\" class=\"IL_AD\">in reverse</span> order*/ for (p = table + size -1; p >= table; p --) printf(\"%d is stored at address %u \\n\",*p,p); getch(); } CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

330 Computer Programming Output: What is the size of the table? 5 Address of the first byte is 2262 Input table values 11 12 13 14 15 15 is stored at address 2270 14 is stored at address 2268 13 is stored at address 2266 12 is stored at address 2264 11 is stored at address 2262 7. Write a program to store a character string in block of memory space created by malloc and then modify the same to store a large string. /*C program to input and print text using Dynamic Memory Allocation.*/ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> # define NULL 0 int main() { char *buffer; /* Allocating Memory */ if(( buffer = (char *) malloc(10)) ==NULL) { printf(”malloc failed .\\n”); exit(); } printf(“Buffer of size is created \\n”,_msize(buffer)); strcpy(buffer, ”Hyderabad”); prinf(“\\n Buffer contains : %s \\n”, buffer); /* Reallocation */ CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Pointers and DMA 331 If(( buffer = (char * )realloc(buffer,15) == NULL) { printf(“Reallocation failed. \\n”); exit(1); } printf(“\\n Buffer size Modified. \\n”); printf(“\\n Buffer Still contains : %s \\n”,buffer); strcpy(buffer, ”Secunderabad”); printf(” Buffer Now contains : %s \\n”, buffer); /* freeing memory */ free(buffer); } Output: Buffer of size 10 created Buffer contains : Hyderabad Buffer size Modified. Buffer still contains : Hyderabad Buffer Now contains: Secunderabad CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

332 Computer Programming PRACTICAL C PREPROCESSOR AND UNIT 4 FILE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS ON BASIC FILE HANDLING OPERATIONS 1. Write a program which reads diameter and height of a cone and calculate its volume using macros. #define volume(r,h) (22*r*r*h)/(3*7); int main() { loat r,h,v; printf(“enter radius: “); scanf(“%f”,&r); printf(“enter height:”); scanf(“%f”,&h); v=volume(r,h); printf(“VOC: %f\\n”,v); return 0; } Output: enter radius: 28 enter height:3 VOC: 2464.000000 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

C Preprocessor and File Management 333 2. Write a C program to read file kiran.txt and all data character wise. #include<stdio.h> void main() { FILE *fp; char ch; clrscr(); fp=fopen(\"kiran.txt\",\"r\"); if(fp==NULL) { printf(\"file does not exists\"); } else { while(ch!=EOF) { ch=getc(fp); putch(ch); } } fclose(fp); getch(); } 3a. Write a program in C program to illustate fgetc() function #include <stdio.h> int main () { // open the file FILE *fp = fopen(\"test.txt\",\"r\"); // Return if could not open file CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

334 Computer Programming if (fp == NULL) return 0; do { // Taking input single character at a time char c = fgetc(fp); // Checking for end of file if (feof(fp)) break ; printf(\"%c\", c); } while(1); fclose(fp); return(0); } 3b. Write a program in C program to illustate fgets() function /* Open, Read and close a file: reading string by string */ # include <stdio.h> int main( ) { FILE *fp ; char data[50] ; printf( \"Opening the file test.c in read mode\" ) ; fp = fopen( \"test.c\", \"r\" ) ; if ( fp == NULL ) { printf( \"Could not open file test.c\" ) ; return 1; } printf( \"Reading the file test.c\" ) ; while( fgets ( data, 50, fp ) != NULL ) CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

C Preprocessor and File Management 335 printf( \"%s\" , data ) ; printf(\"Closing the file test.c\") ; fclose(fp) ; return 0; } Output: Opening the file test.c in read mode Reading the file test.c Hi, How are you? Closing the file test.c 4a. Write a C program to illustate fputc() function #include<stdio.h> int main() { int i = 0; FILE *fp = fopen(\"output.txt\",\"w\"); // Return if could not open file if (fp == NULL) return 0; char string[] = \"good bye\", received_string[20]; for (i = 0; string[i]!='\\0'; i++) // Input string into the file // single character at a time fputc(string[i], fp); fclose(fp); fp = fopen(\"output.txt\",\"r\"); // Reading the string from file fgets(received_string,20,fp); CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

336 Computer Programming printf(\"%s\", received_string); fclose(fp); return 0; } Output: good bye 4b. Write a program in C program to illustate fputs() function / * Open, write and close a file : */ # include <stdio.h> # include <string.h> int main( ) { FILE *fp ; char data[50]; // opening an existing file printf( \"Opening the file test.c in write mode\" ) ; fp = fopen(\"test.c\", \"w\") ; if ( fp == NULL ) { printf( \"Could not open file test.c\" ) ; return 1; } printf( \"\\n Enter some text from keyboard” \\ “ to write in the file test.c\" ) ; // getting input from user while ( strlen ( gets( data ) ) > 0 ) { // writing in the file fputs(data, fp) ; CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

C Preprocessor and File Management 337 fputs(\"\\n\", fp) ; } // closing the file printf(\"Closing the file test.c\") ; fclose(fp) ; return 0; } Output: Opening the file test.c in write mode Enter some text from keyboard to write in the file test.c Hai, How are you? Closing the file test.c CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)