BSC TTM, Sem-3, Travel Agency Management and Tour Operations, UNIT-1, History of Travel Agency, 01.05.2021

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Bsc.TTM 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Travel Agency Management and Tour Operations  Course Code: BTT 111 Semester: Third SLM UNITS : (write units covered in E- Unit: lesson from normal syllabus) www.cuidol.in BTT-111

TRAVEL AGENCY MANAGEMENT AND 33 TOUR OPERATIONS OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION Student will be able to :  Understand the History of Travel Agency  In this unit we are going to learn about the Management and Tour Operations History of Travel Agency Management  Analyze the Growth of Travel agency and Tour  Under this unit you will also understand the Growth of Travel Agency Business Operations Business over the years  This Unit will also make us to understand the  Analyze the Emergence of Travel Agency Emergence of travel agency and Tour business operations . www.cuidol.in BTT-111 INASlTlITrUigThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEdAwNitDhOCNUL-IINDEOLLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > History of Travel Agency > Growth of Travel Agency > Emergence of Travel Agency www.cuidol.in BTT-111 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History and Growth of Travel Agency 5 Milestones in the Development of Tourism www.cuidol.in BTT-111 5 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History and Growth of Travel Agency 6 www.cuidol.in BTT-111 6 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History and Growth of Travel Agency 7 www.cuidol.in BTT-111 7 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History and Growth of Travel Agency 8 The Grand Tour Era: •The Grand Tour Era (1613–1785), which marked the height of luxurious travel and tourism activities, originated with the wealthy English and soon spread and became fashionable among other individuals who had time and money. •Travel, and the knowledge provided by these travels, became a status symbol representing the ultimate in social and educational experiences. •Grand Tour participants traveled throughout Europe, seeking to experience the cultures of the “civilized world” and acquire knowledge through the arts and sciences of the countries they visited. •Their travels took them to a variety of locations in France, Switzerland, Italy, and Germany for extended periods of time, often stretching over many years. www.cuidol.in BTT-111 8All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History and Growth of Travel Agency 9 Early Stage of Travel Agency Business: •The successful execution of the tour marked the beginning of the establishment of modern travel agency in the world. In 1845, Thomas Cook conducted the first large scale tour inside England by adding some entertainment activities in the tour package. The objective was to enhance the value of package and create certain appeal. History Timeline of Growth of Travel Agencies: •In 1758, Cox & Kings became the first travel agency in modern history. •In 1840, the Abreu Agency was established in Porto by Bernardo Abreu, becoming the world's first agency to open its services to the public. •In 1841, Thomas Cook, a Baptist preacher reached an agreement with the Midland Railway to organize the transportation of 500 members of his temperance movement from the Leicester Campbell Street railway station to a rally in Loughborough in exchange for a commission. www.cuidol.in BTT-111 9 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History and Growth of Travel Agency 10 • He formed Thomas Cook & Son, which later became The Thomas Cook Group. It filed bankruptcy and underwent liquidation in 2019. • In 1871, Dean and Dawson was founded in the United Kingdom and in the 1950s, it was acquired by Thomas Cook. • In 1886, the Polytechnic Touring Association was founded in the United Kingdom. • In 1887, Walter T. Brownell established Brownell Travel, the first travel agency in the United States, and led 10 travelers on a European tour setting sail from New York on the SS Devonia. • In 1923, after being treated badly by a British travel agency, K. P. Chen formed what became the China Travel Service, the first travel agency in China. • The industry suffered during World War II. However, the Post–World War II economic expansion in mass-market package tours resulted in the proliferation of travel agencies catering to the working class. www.cuidol.in BTT-111 10 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History and Growth of Travel Agency • In 1905, Nippon Travel Agency became the first travel agency in Japan. 11 • In 1929, Intourist was formed as the official state travel agency of the Soviet Union, with the goal of convincing outsiders to visit the country. • During the Cold War, travel agents were used by people from Western countries to travel behind the Iron Curtain. • In 1951, the precursor to Hello world Travel became one of the first travel agencies in Australia. • In 1955, Henderson Travel Service became the first black-owned travel company and the first to take large groups of black tourists to Africa. • In the early 1980s, American Airlines' Sabre unit created a direct-to-consumer booking tool for flights, hotels and cars called easySabre. • In 1989, with the liberalization of travel for South Koreans, Mode Tour became the first travel agency in the country. www.cuidol.in BTT-111 11All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History and Growth of Travel Agency 12 • In 1991, Hotel Reservations Network, the precursor of Hotels.com, was founded. At first, hotels did not pay much in commissions. • With the advent of the internet, travel agencies migrated online and underwent disintermediation by the reduction in costs caused by removing layers from the package holiday distribution network. • In 1994, Travelweb.com launched as the first online directory of hotels. • In 1995, Internet Travel Network sold the first airline ticket via the World Wide Web. • In October 1996, Expedia.com, funded with hundreds of millions of dollars by Microsoft launched as the first large online travel agency. • At the same time, Cheap flights started as a listing service for flight deals from consolidators. • In 1998, Lastminute.com was founded in the United Kingdom. www.cuidol.in BTT-111 12 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History and Growth of Travel Agency 13 • In 1999, European airlines began eliminating or reducing commissions, while Singapore Airlines did so in parts of Asia. • In 2002, several airlines in the United States did the same, which led to an unsuccessful lawsuit alleging collusion among the airlines, that was decided on appeal in 2009. • In 2007, the launch of the iPhone and related mobile apps increased travel bookings made online. • In 2008, the launch of Airbnb created an online marketplace for spare bedrooms and apartments. • In 2011, the launch of Hotel Tonight highlighted instantaneous same-day hotel room booking. www.cuidol.in BTT-111 13 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Emergence of Thomas Cook 14 Early Stage of Travel Agency Business: •The successful execution of the tour marked the beginning of the establishment of modern travel agency in the world. •In 1845, Thomas Cook conducted the first large scale tour inside England by adding some entertainment activities in the tour package. The objective was to enhance the value of package and create certain appeal. •That railway journey to Liverpool from Leicester, Nottingham and Derby to Louborough was the first trip for making some profit. •In 1851, Thomas Cook promoted trips to the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park for 150,000 people from Yorkshire and the Midlands. •In 1855, Thomas Cook's first continental tour was conducted. Landmark Period: •Sir Joseph Paxton, persuaded Thomas Cook to devote himself to bringing workers from Yorkshire and the Midlands to London for the Great Exhibition of 1851. www.cuidol.in BTT-111 14All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Emergence of Thomas Cook 15 • Sir Joseph Paxton, persuaded Thomas Cook to devote himself to bringing workers from Yorkshire and the Midlands to London for the Great Exhibition of 1851. • Thomas Cook conducted tours for 150,000 people to visit the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park from Yorkshire and the Midlands in 1851 followed by the first continental tour in 1855. He accompanied two landmark tours to the International Exhibition from Harwich to Antwerp, Brussels, Cologne, Frankfurt, Heidelberg, Strasbourg and to Paris. • This altogether came to be known as the ‘Landmark Period’. Period of Innovation: • Thomas Cook introduced Hotel Coupons in 1868 to help customers check in hotels without any hassle. • It reduced the cumbersome procedures of payments through cash. Hotels accepted the coupons for providing rooms and other allied services such as food, entertainment, transport etc. • Hotels were benefited from the coupons as bulk numbers of rooms were booked in advance and it was only transaction. www.cuidol.in BTT-111 15All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Emergence of Thomas Cook 16 • Thomas Cook introduced Circular Note in 1874 to help customers travel safely. • Circular Notes were accepted across the hotels, restaurants and transport operators at several tourism destinations and cities in the Europe and the USA and it was treated as an early invention of traveler’s cheque in the world. • The circular notes were easily exchanged against the local currency that provided much relief to the travelers in meeting the contingency expenditures like shopping, tips, transfer, extra services, etc. Package Tour for Middle Class • The massive industrialization in the mid 19th century created sizable middle-class people with much disposable income. • Taking the advantage of the trends, customized package tours were designed to suit their travel needs. • Customers demanded for visiting destinations in Switzerland and Italy. He negotiated with innkeepers and hoteliers to provide rooms and meals at good prices. www.cuidol.in BTT-111 16All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Emergence of Thomas Cook 17 Tour Across Intra-Continental •Thomas Cook continued to expand his business in Europe too. He conducted Grand Circular Tours to Brussels, Cologne, the Rhine, Heidelberg, Baden-Baden, Strasbourg and Paris, with return trip to London via Le Havre or Dieppe. •He undertook the familiarization tours to Switzerland in June 1863 to visit the places of interest, contact hotels and innkeepers. He accompanied sixty affluent class clients and conducted the tour to Geneva. •Thomas Cook organized trips in the Northern and Western Europe in 1863. www.cuidol.in BTT-111 17All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

History and Growth of Travel Agency 18 The Grand Tour Era: •The Grand Tour Era (1613–1785), which marked the height of luxurious travel and tourism activities, originated with the wealthy English and soon spread and became fashionable among other individuals who had time and money. •Travel, and the knowledge provided by these travels, became a status symbol representing the ultimate in social and educational experiences. •Grand Tour participants traveled throughout Europe, seeking to experience the cultures of the “civilized world” and acquire knowledge through the arts and sciences of the countries they visited. •Their travels took them to a variety of locations in France, Switzerland, Italy, and Germany for extended periods of time, often stretching over many years. www.cuidol.in BTT-111 18All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1)Romans Improved Roads in …………….. 19 A) 500 BC-AD 300 B) 600 BC-AD 300 C) 400 BC-AD 200 D) 600 BC-AD 400 2)Thomas Cook organized first group tour in England in the year A) 1840 C) 1842 B) 1841 D) 1843 3) Trip Advisor was Founded in the year C)2000 A) 1999 D) 2001 B) 1998 4) Cox And Kings was established in C)1759 A) 1758 D)1761 B) 1760 5) Nippon Travel Agency was the first Travel Agency of …… A) China C)Japan B) Hong kong D) Taiwan www.cuidol.in BTT-111 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY 20  The historical growth of Travel Agency Management is as follows :  The Grand Tour Era dates back from (1613–1785)  In 1758, Cox & Kings became the first travel agency in modern history.  In 1841, Thomas Cook organized the transportation of 500 members from the Leicester to Loughborough.  In 1905, Nippon Travel Agency became the first travel agency in Japan.  In 1994, Travelweb.com launched as the first online directory of hotels.  In 1998, Lastminute.com was founded in the United Kingdom.  Emergence of Thomas Cook  In 1845, Thomas Cook conducted the first large scale tour inside England • In 1851, Thomas Cook promoted trips to the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park for 150,000 people from Yorkshire and the Midlands. • In 1855, Thomas Cook's first continental tour was conducted. www.cuidol.in BTT-111 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION 21 Q:1 Describe the Emergence of Thomas Cook ? Ans : The successful execution of the tour marked the beginning of the establishment of modern travel agency in the world. In 1845, Thomas Cook conducted the first large scale tour inside England by adding some entertainment activities in the tour package. The objective was to enhance the value of package and create certain appeal. That railway journey to Liverpool from Leicester, Nottingham and Derby to Lou borough was the first trip for making some profit. In 1851, Thomas Cook promoted trips to the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park for 150,000 people from Yorkshire and the Midlands. In 1855, Thomas Cook's first continental tour was conducted. “For Further details please refer to the SLM” www.cuidol.in BTT-111 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFRENCES 22  Travel Agency and Tour Operation, Concepts and Principles – J.M.S. Negi.  Travel Agency Management – Mohinder Chand.  Professional Travel Agency Management – Chunk, James, Dexter & Boberg  The Business of Travel Agency Operations and Management– D.L. Foster www.cuidol.in BTT-111 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

23 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in BTT-111 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL