CU-BSC.TTM-SEM-IV-Tourism policy & Planning-Second Draft

UNIT - 14: COMMUNITY BASED APPROACH FOR TOURISM PLANNING-II STRUCTURE 14.0 Learning Objectives 14.1 Introduction 14.2 The objectives of the 12th Five Year Plan 14.3 The 12th five year plan 14.4 Schemes and initiatives 14.5 Conclusion 14.6 Summary 14.7 Keywords 14.8 Learning Activity 14.9 Unit End Questions 14.10 References 14.0LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, you will be able to:  Know the conceptual framework of tourism planning;  Study the relationship between tourism and community;  Understand the benefits of tourism planning for communities;  Identify various approaches of tourism planning for communities. 14.1INTRODUCTION The Twelfth Five-Year Plan of the Government of India has been decided to achieve a growth rate of 9% but the National Development Council (NDC) on 27 December 2012 approved a growth rate of 8% for the Twelfth Plan. With the deteriorating global situation, the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission Montek Singh Ahluwalia has said that achieving an average growth rate of 9 percent in the 201 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

next five years is not possible. The Final growth target has been set at 8% by the endorsement of the plan at the National Development Council meeting held in New Delhi. \"It is not possible to think of an average of 9% [in the Twelfth Plan]. I think somewhere between 8 and 8.5 percent is feasible,\" Ahluwalia said on the sidelines of a conference of State Planning Boards and departments. The approached paper for the Twelfth Plan, approved last year, talked about an annual average growth rate of 9%. \"When I say feasible... that will require major effort. If you don't do that, there is no God given right to grow at 8 percent. I think given that the world economy deteriorated very sharply over the last year...the growth rate in the first year of the 12th Plan (2012–13) is 6.5 to 7 percent.\" He also indicated that soon he should share his views with other members of the commission to choose a final number (economic growth target) to put before the country's NDC for its approval. The government intends to reduce poverty by 10% during the 12th Five-Year Plan. Ahluwalia said, \"We aim to reduce poverty estimates by 9% annually on a sustainable basis during the Plan period\". Earlier, addressing a conference of State Planning Boards and Planning departments, he said the rate of decline in poverty doubled during the Eleventh Plan. The commission had said, while using the Tendulkar poverty line, the rate of reduction in the five years between 2004–05 and 2009–10, was about 1.5% points each year, which was twice that when compared to the period between 1993–95 to 2004–05. The plan aims towards the betterment of the infrastructural projects of the nation avoiding all types of bottlenecks. The document presented by the planning commission is aimed to attract private investments of up to US$1 trillion in the infrastructural growth in the 12th five-year plan, which will also ensure a reduction in the subsidy burden of the government to 1.5 percent from 2 percent of the GDP (gross domestic product). The UID (Unique Identification Number) will act as a platform for cash transfer of the subsidies in the plan. 14.2 THE OBJECTIVES OF THE TWELFTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN  To create 50 million new work opportunities in the non-farm sector. 202  To remove gender and social gap in school enrolment.  To enhance access to higher education.  To reduce malnutrition among children aged 0–3 years. CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

 To provide electricity to all villages.  To ensure that 50% of the rural population have accesses to proper drinking water.  To increase green cover by 1 million hectare every year.  To provide access to banking services to 90% of households 14.3 THE 12TH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2012-2017) The strategies for development of tourism 1. A Pro-Poor Tourism development approach which aimed at increasing the economic, social, environmental or cultural benefits to the poor from tourism. This ensures that tourism growth contributes to poverty reduction. 2. Clusters or circuits-based tourism development based on India’s vast resources with tourism potential like historical sites, places of religious significance, and other significant national attractions. 3. Developing formal and informal links between all stakeholders and coordination across all levels of Government to implement various strategies for tourism development. 4. Developing tourism from people’s perspective by involving local Panchayats and local communities at various stages to enable sustainable tourism development. 203 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

14.4 SCHEMES AND INITIATIVES  Launched e-visa scheme in 2014  On 2nd October 2014, Swachh Bharat Mission was launched throughout length and breadth of the country as a national movement. The campaign aims to achieve the vision of a ‘Clean India’. 204 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

launched two major schemes-SwadeshDarshan - Integrated Development of Theme Based Tourist Circuits and PRASHAD- Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual, Heritage Augmentation Drive for development of tourism infrastructure in the country  A National Medical and Wellness Tourism Board have been constituted in 2015 to work as an umbrella organization to govern and promote medical tourism in India. 205 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

to promote India as a 365 days destination, Ministry of Tourism has taken the initiative of identifying, diversifying, developing and promoting niche tourism products of the country like Cruise, Adventure, Medical, Wellness, Golf, Polo, Meetings Incentives Conferences & Exhibitions (MICE), Eco-tourism, Film Tourism, etc  To overcome a gap of 8.10 lakh manpower in the hospitality sector, enhancement of the Institutional Infrastructure of Hospitality Education by opening new Institutes of Hotel Management (IHM) and Food Crafts Institutes (FCI). 206 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

launched the 24x7 Toll Free Multi-Lingual Tourist Help Line in 12 International Languages-Hindi, English, Arabic, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish. This service is available on the Toll Free number 1800111363 or on a short code 1363 thus offering a “multi-lingual helpdesk”  Launched the “Incredible India Campaign in 2017. This Campaign marks a shift from the generic promotions being undertaken across the world to market specific promotional plans and content creation. 207 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

14.5 CONCLUSION Five Year Plans were introduced in India with the objective to overcome the socio-economic problems at the time of independence. Between 1951 and 2017, there were in total 12 Five Year Plans. Tourism development issues are addressed in these Five Year Plans. In the First Five Year Plan, tourism was not given much recognition for obvious reasons as there were other grave issues to be addressed on emergent basis. But in subsequent Plans the economic and social significance of tourism was recognized. Over the years government has formulated various policies and plans to streamline the growth and development of tourism. 14.6 SUMMARY Before developing Community-based Tourism, it is necessary to prepare and build the capacity of the host community to manage tourism. Communitybased Tourism marketing should also promote public awareness of the differences between CBT and mass tourism, educating people to realize the importance of Community-based Tourism as a community tool for resource conservation and cultural preservation. This will attract appropriate tourists for Community-based Tourism. Local planners encourage community participation from the early stages of planning so that residents have realistic expectations of tourism. The more that community residents benefit from tourism the more they will be motivated to protect the area’s natural environment and cultural heritage and support tourism activities. There are many potential benefits, if the community living or working in a tourist destination is involved in tourism planning. 14.7 KEYWORD  Five Year Plan- Government adopted a centralized and integrated planning format, with each plan period of 5 years duration; hence the popular terminology ‘Five Year Plan’. These plans were developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission  Travel Circuits-Travel Circuits were defined as ‘predetermined routes along which the flow of tourist traffic could be channelized.  Intersectoral coordination in tourism development- This means that different sectors like travel, hotels, railways should coordinate with department of tourism for effective utilization of resources 208 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

 National Tourism Policy-Guidelines given by government for tourism development in a country  Pro-Poor Tourism development- Tourism development to increase the net benefits to the poor from tourism and ensure that tourism growth contributes to poverty reduction.  IITTM-Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management  NIWS-National Institute of Water Sports  NIAS-National Institute of Advanced Studies  NCHMCT-National Council for Hotel Management and Catering Technology 14.8LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. What is community basedapp ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Highlight the various actions taken for Tourism Development in the 12th Five Year Plan .__________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 14.9UNIT END QUESTIONS A. Descriptive Questions Short Questions 1. Define community based tourism? 2. What is the main objective of 12th five year plan? 3. What is PRASHAD? 4. What is Swadesh darshan? 5. What is incredible India campaign? Long Questions 1. Define community-based tourism with suitable examples? 2. In what ways can tourism promote community empowerment 3. The term tourism and community are closely interlinked. Discuss? 4. What are the strategies of 12th five year plan? 5. What are the objectives of 12th five year plan? Discuss? 209 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

B. Multiple Choice Questions 1. E-visa was launched in the year a. 2010 b. 2011 c. 2014 d. 2015 2. Integrated Development of Theme Based Tourist Circuits a. Swadesh darshan b. Golden Tri angle c. PRASHAD d. Pilgrimage circuits 3. PRASHAD refers to a. Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual, Heritage Augmentation Drive for development b. Pilgrimage Re-join and Spiritual, Heritage Augmentation Drive for development c. Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual, Holy Augmentation Drive for development d. People Rejuvenation and Spiritual, Heritage Augmentation Drive for development 4. 24x7 Toll Free Multi-Lingual Tourist Help Line in________international languages. a. 13 b. 15 c. 25 d. 12 5. Incredible India campaign was conducted globally to 210 a. Attract tourists to the country b. Send tourist to other country c. Distract tourists CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

d. Make tourist see the world Answers 1-c, 2-a, 3-a, 4-d, 5-a 14.10 REFERENCES References book  Tewari S P, Tourism Dimensions, Atma Ram & Sons 1994  Report of working Group on Tourism, 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17), http://164.100.158.43/sites/default/files/020220120146055.pdf  Khan M A, Noor M A, Khan M A, Tourism Development in India under Government Five Year Plans,  Fazili A I , Ashraf A H, Tourism In India Planning & Development, Sarup& Sons, 2006 211 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)