CU-BSC.TTM-SEM-IV-Tourism policy & Planning-Second Draft

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3.9UNIT END QUESTIONS A. Descriptive Questions Short Questions 1. Define International agreement? 2. What is air transport agreement? 3. What is Chicago convention? 4. What is independent of trade agreements? 5. What is open sky policy? Long Questions 1. Explain open sky policy and who need it? 2. What are the treaties of open sky? 3. Explain open sky policy in central Asia? 4. What is the freedom of air?Explain. 5. Explain the concept of \"mutual aerial observation\". B. Multiple Choice Questions 1. India has signed ___bilateral agreements to widen links of friendship and mutual promotion of tourism. a. 42 b. 40 c. 48 d. 45 2. A ______ agreement is a bilateral agreement to allow international commercial air transport services between signatories. a. Air transport b. Rail transport c. Cruise transport d. Surface transport 51 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

3. International convention was held in_____ a. Spain b. Germany c. Australia d. Chicago 4. International convention in Chicago was held in the year a. 1947 b. 1954 c. 1944 d. 1965 5. The freedom to over fly a foreign country is called as a. Transit freedom b. Travel freedom c. Flying freedom d. Open sky 6. Freedom to carry traffic for commercial service is a ___ a. First freedom b. Second freedom c. Third freedom d. Fourth freedom Answers 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c, 5-a, 6-c 3.10 REFERENCES References book  World Travel and Tourism Council: Travel and Tourism Economic Impact, WTTC Publications, London 1999 52 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

 Tourism concepts and practices- John R.Walker&Josielyn T. Walker; Pearson Publication, 2011.  Tourism Principles, Practices, Philosophies- Charles R. Goeldner and J.R. Brent Ritchie, Wiley Publication, 2007.  International Tourism Management- A.K.Bhatia; Sterling Publication, 2001.  The Business of Tourism: Concepts and strategies- A.K.Bhatia; Sterling Publication, 2011  http://www.uow.edu.au/index.html (University of Wollongong, University).  World Tourism Organization: Tourism Development and the Responsibility of the State, WTO Publications, Madrid 1993. 53 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

UNIT - 4: INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT II STRUCTURE 4.0 Learning Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Bermuda Convention 4.2 Euro Agreement 4.3 Schengen Agreement 4.3.1 History of Schengen agreement 4.3.2 Schengen area members 4.3.3 Schengen countries 4.4 Summary 4.5 Keywords 4.6 Learning Activity 4.7 Unit End Questions 4.8 References 4.0LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, you will be able to:  Describe nature of agreements between countries  Understand Bermuda Agreement  State the need of air transport agreements  List the tourism policies and planning 4.1INTRODUCTION The Bermuda Agreement arose in the wake of the Chicago Conference of 1944, where the United States and United Kingdom disagreed about economic control of international air transport. The US and UK had generally agreed on the first two freedoms of the air (over flight and landings for repair/refueling) but the UK and several other countries refused to accept the US position on the third, fourth and fifth freedoms regarding the handling of 54 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

passenger and cargo traffic. Specifically, the US sought the freedom for its carriers to determine capacity and frequencies on international routes, while the UK sought predetermined routes and an equal division of capacity between the two nations' carriers on those routes. Britain had lost much of its air fleet in the course of World War II and was reluctant to place itself in full competition with the stronger American air fleet. 4.1.1. The Bermuda Agreement (formally Agreement between the government of the United Kingdom and the government of the United States relating to Air Services between their respective Territories), reached in 1946 by American and British negotiators in Bermuda, was an early bilateral air transport agreement regulating civil air transport. It established a precedent for the signing of approximately 3,000 other such agreements between countries. The Agreement was replaced by the Bermuda II Agreement, which was signed in 1977 and effective in 1978. Prior to the Bermuda Agreement, the United States signed bilateral aviation agreements with several other European countries (Ireland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark), and had signed a multilateral Transport Agreement with several European and Latin American countries, but service to and from the United Kingdom had to be negotiated with the British government on an ad hoc basis. As of late 1945, the UK had limited transatlantic traffic by the US to 14 services per week, 500 seats per week and a minimum fare of $375. In July 1945, the US government granted Pan Am, Trans World Airlines (TWA) and American Export Airlines (shortly thereafter acquired by American Airlines and renamed American Overseas Airlines) the right to operate transatlantic service. American began its Douglas DC-4 service between New York and Bournemouth that October.Pan Am announced its own DC-4 service in October 1945 at prices less than 50% of the previous flying boat fares, which led the British government to pressure both Pan Am and the US government to back away from what Britain described as a \"wholly uneconomic proposition.\" The US and UK governments agreed in late 1945 to meet and discuss the terms of a bilateral aviation agreement. Bermuda was chosen to host the meeting due to its location between the two countries and isolation from their respective governments. In a sign of the rapidly advancing technology of the time, the British delegation arrived in January by Boeing 314 flying boats, and departed in February by Lockheed 049 Constellation pressurized landplanes. 55 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Unlike the existing bilateral and multilateral aviation agreements, the Bermuda Agreement defined specific routes on which each country’s carriers could fly, with the right to pick up or discharge international traffic (but no cabotage rights) at any point along the routes:  British carriers:  London – New York – San Francisco – Honolulu / Midway / Wake / Guam / Manila – Singapore / Hong Kong  London – New York – New Orleans – Mexico  London – New York – Cuba – Jamaica / Panama – Colombia / Ecuador / Peru / Chile  United States carriers:  US points – London – Netherlands / Germany / Scandinavia / Russia  US points – London – Belgium – Central Europe – Near East – India  Honolulu – Hong Kong – China / India  Honolulu – Hong Kong – Singapore – Netherlands East Indies The inclusion of many fifth freedom routes (beyond the United States and British Isles) reflected the fact that many territories such as Hong Kong, Singapore and India were still British colonies at the time the agreement was signed, and that many third countries were eager for air service and willing to provide rights to British and American carriers without restrictions. As a compromise on the capacity issue, the Bermuda Agreement provided for equitable principles that \"there shall be a fair and equal opportunity for the carriers of the two nations to operate on any route between their respective territories (as defined in the Agreement) covered by the Agreement and its Annex\" and that \"in the operation by the air carriers of either Government of the trunk services described in the Annex to the Agreement, the interest of the air carriers of the other Government shall be taken into consideration so as not to affect unduly the services which the latter provides.\" Fares were made subject to regulatory approval by authorities in each country or by the International Air Transport Association, effectively giving the IATA immunity from US antitrust law, which immunity remained in effect on North Atlantic routes until 1979. 56 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

4.2 EURO AGREEMENT A European Union Association Agreement or simply Association Agreement (AA) is a treaty between the European Union (EU), its Member States and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. Areas frequently covered by such agreements include the development of political, trade, social, cultural and security links. The legal basis for the conclusion of the association agreements is provided by art. 217 TFEU (former art. 310 and art. 238 TEC). Association Agreements are broad framework agreements between the EU (and its predecessors) and its member states, and an external state which governs their bilateral relations. The provision for an association agreement was included in the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, as a means to enable co-operation of the Community with the United Kingdom, which had retreated from the treaty negotiations at the Messina Conference of 1955. According to the European External Action Service, for an agreement to be classified as an AA, it must meet several criteria: The legal basis for their conclusion is Article 217 TFEU (former art. 310 and art. 238 TEC) 57 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

2. Intention to establish close economic and political cooperation 3. Creation of partial bodies for the management of the cooperation, competent to take decisions that bind the contracting parties; 4. Offering most favored nation treatment; 5. Providing for a privileged relationship between the EC and its partner; 6. Since 1995 the clause on the respect of human rights and democratic principles is systematically included and constitutes an essential element of the agreement; 7. In a large number of cases, the association agreement replaces a cooperation agreement thereby intensifying the relations between the partners. — European External Action Service The EU typically concludes Association Agreements in exchange for commitments to political, economic, trade, or human rights reform in a country. In exchange, the country may be offered tariff-free access to some or all EU markets (industrial goods, agricultural products, etc.), and financial or technical assistance. Most recently signed AAs also include a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the EU and the third country. A European Union Association Agreement or simply Association Agreement (AA) Association Agreements is a treaty between the European Union (EU), its Member States and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. Areas frequently covered by such agreements include the development of political, trade, social, cultural and security links. The legal basis for the conclusion of the association agreements is provided by art. 217 TFEU (former art. 310 and art. 238 TEC). Association Agreements are broad framework agreements between the EU (or its predecessors) and its member states, and an external state which governs their bilateral relations. The provision for an association agreement was included in the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, as a means to enable co-operation of the Community with the United Kingdom, which had retreated from the treaty negotiations at the Messina Conference of 1955. According to the European External Action Service, for an agreement to be classified as an AA, it must meet several criteria: 58 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

4.3 SCHENGEN AGREEMENT The Schengen Agreement signed on June 14, 1985, is a treaty that led most of the European countries towards the abolishment of their national borders, to build a Europe without borders known as the “Schengen Area”. Signed in Luxemburg, initially by only five EU countries, the agreement remains one of the world’s biggest areas that have ended border control between member countries. 4.3.1 History of the Schengen Agreement 59 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

The concept for free movement between the European countries is very old and it can be found through the middle ages. Whereas, in modern times this idea has discoursed ever since Europe suffered detriment resulted from the 2nd World War. However, concrete actions in this regard only took place during the 80s, as Europe was stuck inside an everlasting debate of two opposing fragments: the one that was supporting the idea of free Europe with no internal border checks amongst countries, and the other part that was absolutely against it. France and Germany are the two pioneering countries to take the initial step as regards of free movement concept, steps that were even more concrete, as they commonly agreed to move this over-debated concept into the next level. These two countries on 17 June 1984 were the first ones to bring out the abovementioned topic within the framework of the European Council in Fontainebleau where they all approved to define required conditions for the free movement of citizens. As a final point of this journey, what it came to be “The Schengen Agreement” – covering the gradual abolishment of the internal borders between countries and extended control of the external borders, was only signed on 14 June 1985. The Agreement was signed by the five (5) following European countries: France, Germany, Belgium, Luxemburg, and the Netherlands, in Schengen, a small village in Southern Luxemburg on the river Moselle. Five years later, on 19 June 1990, a Convention was signed for the concrete implementation of the Schengen Agreement. This convention covered issues on the abolition of internal border controls, the definition of procedures for issuing a uniform visa, operation of a single 60 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

database for all members known as SIS – Schengen Information System as well as the establishment of a cooperating structure between internal and immigration officers. This way, the Schengen Area concept experienced an incessant expansion, as on 27 November 1990 Italy, on 25 June 1991 Portugal and Spain and on 6 November 1992, Greece joined. Despite that Schengen Agreement – including treaties and rules were established, the real implementation of the Schengen Area finally started on 26 March 1995, where seven Schengen member countries: France, Germany, Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain decided to abolish their internal border checks. Since then, the Schengen Area breathed a fast developing and expanding trend. Thus, on 28 April 1995 Austria, on 19 December 1996 Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden were new five countries to join. On the other hand, led by a sample of seven aforementioned countries, in October Italy and in December 1997 Austria abolished their internal border controls. Another major progress shown by the Schengen Agreement was when in May 1999 “The Treaty of Amsterdam” incorporated the agreement inside the legal framework of the European Union, as in the past the Schengen treaties and rules set by the agreement were not part of the European Union and were operating autonomously. The enlargement of the Schengen Area continued its prosperous journey as in January 2000 Greece and March 2001 Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Iceland, Norway, on 16 April 2003 Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia and in October 2004 Switzerland were the new fifteen countries (15) that joined. This successful story did not end there, as in December 2007 the same nations declared the abolishment of their land and sea, and in March 2008 of the airport border controls. In February 2008, Liechtenstein was the 26th and the last country so far to sign the Schengen Agreement and become part of the Schengen Area. In December 2008, Switzerland abolished land, and in March 2009, the airport border controls. The latest important event towards the implementation of the Schengen Agreement was in December 2011 when after three years of signing the Schengen Agreement Liechtenstein declared its internal border control abolishment. 61 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

4.3.2 Potential Schengen Area members Being a member state of the European Union (EU) is not unquestionably associated with a membership into the Schengen Area, even though this, legally, is an unavoidable step. The majority of the following EU member countries have been prone of the unresolved political issues that have left these countries outside of the Schengen Agreement. Such is the case of Cyprus – a member of the EU since 2004 but yet not a member state of the Schengen Area, thus it cannot sign the Schengen Agreement until it resolves its dispute as a de facto divided island and related political problems. The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia that are outside of the EU will also need other handling and mechanisms until they can join the area. Bulgaria’s and Romania’s bids to join the Schengen Area were approved by the European Parliament in June 2011 but rejected by the Council of Ministers in September 2011, with the Dutch and Finnish governments citing concerns about shortcomings in anti-corruption measures and in the fight against organized crime Just the same, Bulgaria and Romania are the following two (2) members of the EU since 2007 that are not members of the Schengen Area or did not yet sign the Schengen Agreement. These countries submitted their wish to become members of this area, which was approved by the European Parliament in June 2011 but this request was rejected by the Council of Ministers in September 2011, as Finland and Germany expressed their worries regarding the lack of these countries to enforce mechanisms for fighting corruption and criminality, as well as regarding the illegal entries of Turkish people from these countries towards the Schengen Area. Croatia is the next country on the list of potential Schengen Area members to sign the Schengen Agreement. Even that it has joined the EU on 1 July 2013, the country has not yet become a member of the area. The country as of March 2015 has expressed its readiness to become a member and is undergoing a technical evaluation that has started on 1 July 2015 and is expected to end by July 2016. On the other hand, the illegal entries from the 2015 influx of migrations that came from Greece through North Macedonia and Serbia to Croatia heading for Slovenia, Austria, and Hungary as Schengen member countries have grown many questions about the sustainability of the area and especially its further enlargement in this situation. Moreover, since the country was dealing with lots of illegal entries from the Croatian border, Hungary stated that it could be the one to vote against the accession of Croatia in the Schengen Area. 62 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Schengen Area – The World’s Largest Visa Free Zone Schengen Area signifies a zone where 26 European countries, abolished their internal borders, for the free and unrestricted movement of people, in harmony with common rules for controlling external borders and fighting criminality by strengthening the common judicial system and police cooperation. Schengen Area covers most of the EU countries, except Ireland and the countries that are soon to be part of Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia and Cyprus. Although not members of the EU, countries like Norway, Iceland, Switzerland and Lichtenstein are also part of the Schengen zone. 4.3.3 Schengen Area Countries The 26 Schengen countries are 1. Austria, 2. Belgium, 3. Czech Republic, 4. Denmark, 5. Estonia, 6. Finland, 7. France, 8. Germany, 9. Greece, 10. Hungary, 11. Iceland, 12. Italy, 13. Latvia, 14. Liechtenstein, 15. Lithuania, 16. Luxembourg, 17. Malta, 18. Netherlands, 19. Norway, 20. Poland, 21. Portugal, 22. Slovakia, 63 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

23. Slovenia, 24. Spain, 25. Sweden, and 26. Switzerland. Currently, the Schengen Area consists of 26 member countries. All of these countries are located in Europe, from which:  22 members fully implement the Schengen acquis,  Four of them – members of the EFTA, implement Schengen acquis through specific agreements related to the Schengen agreement.  Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Lichtenstein are associate members of the Schengen Area but are not members of the EU. They are part of the EFTA and implement the Schengen acquis through specific agreements related to the Schengen agreement.  Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City have opened their borders with, but are not members of the visa-free zone.  The Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands are special members of the EU and part of the Schengen Zone even that they are located outside the European continent.  There are five more EU members that have not joined the Schengen zone: Ireland – which still maintains opt-outs and Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, and Cyprus – that are seeking to join soon. The external borders of the Schengen Zone reach a distance of 50,000 km long, where 80% of it is comprised of water and 20% of the land. The area counts hundreds of airports and maritime ports, many land crossing points, an area of 4,312,099 km2, and a population of 419,392,429 citizens. 4.4SUMMARY  The Bermuda Agreement arose in the wake of the Chicago Conference of 1944, where the United States and United Kingdom disagreed about economic control of international air transport.  The Bermuda Agreement (formally Agreement between the government of the United Kingdom and the government of the United States relating to Air Services between their respective Territories), reached in 1946 by American and British negotiators in Bermuda, was an early bilateral air transport agreement regulating civil air transport 64 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

 Unlike the existing bilateral and multilateral aviation agreements, the Bermuda Agreement defined specific routes on which each countries' carriers could fly, with the right to pick up or discharge international traffic (but no cabotage rights) at any point along the routes:  A European Union Association Agreement or simply Association Agreement (AA) is a treaty between the European Union (EU), its Member States and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. Areas frequently covered by such agreements include the development of political, trade, social, cultural and security links  The EU typically concludes Association Agreements in exchange for commitments to political, economic, trade, or human rights reform in a country. In exchange, the country may be offered tariff-free access to some or all EU markets (industrial goods, agricultural products, etc.), and financial or technical assistance.  Effective HRM enables employees to contribute effectively and productively to the overall company direction and the accomplishment of the organization's goals and objectives.  Association Agreements is a treaty between the European Union (EU), its Member States and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. Areas frequently covered by such agreements include the development of political, trade, social, cultural and security links.  The Schengen Agreement signed on June 14, 1985, is a treaty that led most of the European countries towards the abolishment of their national borders, to build a Europe without borders known as the “Schengen Area”. Signed in Luxemburg, initially by only five EU countries, the agreement remains one of the world’s biggest areas that have ended border control between member countries.  Being a member state of the European Union (EU) is not unquestionably associated with a membership into the Schengen Area, even though this, legally, is an unavoidable step. The majority of the following EU member countries have been prone of the unresolved political issues that have left these countries outside of the Schengen Agreement.  Schengen Area signifies a zone where 26 European countries, abolished their internal borders, for the free and unrestricted movement of people, in harmony with common 65 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

rules for controlling external borders and fighting criminality by strengthening the common judicial system and police cooperation.  Currently, the Schengen Area consists of 26 member countries. All of these countries are located in Europe  The external borders of the Schengen Zone reach a distance of 50,000 km long, where 80% of it is comprised of water and 20% of the land. The area counts hundreds of airports and maritime ports, many land crossing points, an area of 4,312,099 km2, and a population of 419,392,429 citizens. 4.5 KEYWORD  The Bermuda Agreement ― The Bermuda Agreement arose in the wake of the Chicago Conference of 1944, where the United States and United Kingdom disagreed about economic control of international air transport.  Euro agreement- A European Union Association Agreement or simply Association Agreement (AA) is a treaty between the European Union (EU), its Member States and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. Areas frequently covered by such agreements include the development of political, trade, social, cultural and security links.  Schengen agreement -The Schengen Agreement signed on June 14, 1985, is a treaty that led most of the European countries towards the abolishment of their national borders, to build a Europe without borders known as the “Schengen Area”.  FTA- Free Trade Agreement  AA - Association Agreements  EU- European Union 4.6 LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. What is Bermuda Convention and its bilateral agreements? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the Schengen areas? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 66 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

4.7UNIT END QUESTIONS A. Descriptive Questions Short Questions 1. Define Bermuda agreement? 2. What is European Union Association Agreement or simply Association Agreement? 3. What is Schengen agreement? 4. Which countries are Schengen members? 5. What is the significance of Schengen area? Long Questions 1. Describe the formal agreement between the UK and US relating to Air services? 2. Explain Bermuda Agreement defined specific routes? 3. Explain the criteria for European External Action Service agreement? 4. Explain the treaty that let to the abolishment of national borders in European countries? 5. Explain the potential Schengen area members? B. Multiple Choice Questions 1. The Bermuda Agreement arose in the wake of a. Chicago conference b. Schengen conference c. Warsaw conference d. Euro agreements 2. The formal agreement between UK and US a. Chicago convention b. Bermuda convention c. Euro convention d. Freedom of air 3. Trans world airlines and American Export airlines is 67 a. Trans-Australian service b. Trans-Siberian service CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

c. Trans European service d. Trans-Atlanticservice 4. Pan Am announced its own DC-4 service in____ a. 1944 b. 1946 c. 1945 d. 1950 5. Association Agreement is between EU and its_______ a. Member states & external states b. UK c. US d. Australia Answers 1-a, 2-b, 3-d, 4-c, 5-a 4.8 REFERENCES References book  National Tourism Policy, 2002; DOT, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government of India.  Salient features of tourism in the Mediterranean basin (http://www.monachusguardian.org/library/medpro02.pdf).  Shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in  www.scribd.com  planningcommission.nic.in  tourism.gov.in  Inskeep Edward, Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development, John Willey & Sons Inc Publications, New York.  Kumar MisraSuddhendu Narayan and SadualSapan, Basics of Tourism Management, Excel Books. 68 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

 NathDharPrem, Development of Tourism and Travel Industry: An Indian Perspective, Kanishka Publications, New Delhi.  Prasad VV Vara, Travel & Tourism Management, Sundari VBT Publications.  Sinha R.K., Tourism Strategies, Planning and Development, CWP 69 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

UNIT - 5: TOUIRSM PLANS & POLICIES IN INDIA -I STRUCTURE 5.0 Learning Objectives 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Outline of L.K.JHA Committee 5.3 AD HOC Committee 5.4 Tourism Policy 1982 5.4.1 Highlights of Tourism Policy 1982 5.4.2 The National Committee 1988 5.4.3 The National Committee 1998 Report 5.5 Conclusion 5.6 Summary 5.7 Keywords 5.8 Learning Activity 5.9 Unit End Questions 5.10 References 5.0LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, you will be able to:  Understand the meaning and Concept of Parliamentary committee  Understand the difference between Ad hoc and standing committee  Recommendations of L K Jha committee  Indian Tourism Development corporation (ITDC) 5.1INTRODUCTION On 1st March, 1958, In the Ministry of Transport, a separate department was created to deal with all matters concerning Tourism. This new department started working under the charge of the Director General. He was assisted by one Deputy Director General and four Directors, each in charge of Administration, Publicity, Travel Relations and Planning & Development. The tourism was growing at a good pace. But, in 1961-62, there was a decline in Tourist Traffic to India from 1, 39,804 (in 1961) to 1, 34, 036 (in 1962). This prompted the 70 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Government to appoint an Ad hoc committee on Tourism in March, 1963, under the chairmanship of L. K. Jha, which was named as L K Jha committee (Raina & Aggarwal, 2004). 5.2 OUTLINE OF L.K.JHA COMMITTEE Meaning of the Parliamentary committees The parliament of India is involved in a number of tasks for the well-being of the country and to develop the various areas. Whatever issues, matters, problems or concerns which come under the ambit of the parliament. Their considerable or sizable work has been done by the parliamentary committees. Whether, it is the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha, the structure of these committees remains the same with some minor differences. Their work, terms of office, tasks (objectives) or processes (route) for doing the work assigned to them are generally similar or change with marginal variations and are controlled (regulated) by the rules or regulations made under the Article 118(1) of the constitution and guidelines (directions) issued by the Rule 389 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Lok Sabha. All these parliamentary committees can be broadly categorized into two types i.e. the Ad hoc Committees and the standing committees. They are different from each other in terms of terms, functions and nature. The Indian parliament comprises two houses i.e. Lok Sabha (elected by people) and Rajya Sabha (elected by state legislatures or state assemblies). They carry out various functions such making laws, policy, Regulator of the council of ministers and Prime Minister, Passing of the budget (i.e. the economic plan), modifying 71 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

(amending) the Constitution, and Ventilation and elimination of public grievances. The Lok Sabha has only the right to introduce money bills and passing of no confidence motion, while Rajya Sabha has also got equal rights to amend the Constitution and got special powers to shift state subjects (in state list) to union subjects (union list). The functions of the parliament (Lok Sabha &Rajya Sabha) are very comprehensive and significant. Therefore, the time required for all the functions is very inadequate. Hence, parliamentary committees are constituted to deal sorts of issues. Their term, appointment, procedures and functions are more or less similar and they are controlled (regulated) under certain rules prepared by these houses. Permanent committees Standing committee is a permanent body or committee as of a legislature, a society etc. Usually these committee are formed for a longer period of time or duration , the main purpose of these committee are to take certain decision and form various policies for the attainment of different objectives set by them. These committees are long- lasting i.e. permanent in nature and formed under the aegis of the Houses (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha) under the rules for the purpose of allowing legislation in varied areas or diverse subject spheres. The standing committees comprehensively evaluate the statutes’ or laws given by the legislator’s and votes on amendments to bills. These committees are the legal or legislative bodies which review the policies by minutely seeing the vital aspects required, holding expert hearings and examine substantial proofs (i.e. evidences). And, then making suitable changes in law, rules or statutes. Then, the bills that are cleared or permitted by these standing committees, they finally go to the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha for deliberation. The standing committees are made every year or periodically as the work assigned to it goes on an incessant basis. Some of its famous examples are Committees on Estimates, Public Accounts, and Public Undertakings. These were formed on 8th April, 1993. Some other standing committees are Committees on Inquire; Committee of Privileges; Business Advisory Committee; Rules Committee; Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; 72 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

House Committee; Joint Committee on Salaries and Allowances; Joint Committee on offices of Profit; The Library Committee; And Ethics Committee. 5.3 AD HOC COMMITTEE An ad hoc committee is a committee formed for a specific purpose or task, and is dissolved or removed after the successful completion of task or work or achievement of the objectives; most of the committee other then standing committee are of ad hoc type. The sole purpose of the committee is to fulfill or achieve the goals for a particular task and at the end of the completion the committee is dissolved. In other words, an ad hoc committee is a committee formed by the government or other organisations for a specific purpose or task, the main role or functions of the committee is to form some objectives or targets and implement them at ground level in order to reach or achieve the desired goals or objectives, this committee is dissolved or removed after the successful completion of task or work or achievement of the objectives, most of the committee other than standing committee are of ad hoc type. Some of their examples are Joint committees on bills, railway convention committees, area specific committees on various subjects like L.K. Jha Committees. 73 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

The ad hoc committees are of two types: the first category of ad hoc committee is constituted by the houses to investigate (enquire) and inform (report) on particular (specific) subjects such as stock market scam, Before contract and drafting of five year plans. While, the second category i.e. the joint or select committees are appointed to deliberate (consider) and inform (report) on particular bills. Some examples of such committees are – The Business Advisory Committee; The Committee on Private Members’ Bills and Resolutions; Select Committees on Bills; The Committee on Petitions; The Estimates Committee etc. 5.4 TOURISM POLICY 1982 The First Tourism policy was announced by the Government of India on November 1982. The mission of First Tourism Policy was to promote sustainable tourism as means of 74 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

economic growth, social integration and to promote the image of India abroad as a country with a glorious past, a vibrant present and a bright future. Policies to achieve this will be evolved around six broad areas such as Welcome (Swagat), Information (Suchana), Facilitation (Suvidha), Safety (Suraksha), Cooperation (Sahyog) and Infrastructure Development (Samrachana). This policy also gives importance to conservation of heritage, natural environment, development and promotion of tourist products. The objectives of tourism development are to foster understanding between people, to create employment opportunities and bring about socio-economic benefits to the community, particularly in the interior and remote areas. It also strives towards balance, sustainable development and preserve, enrich and promote India’s cultural heritage. One of the major objectives is the preservation and protection of natural resources and environment to achieve sustainable development. Given the low cost of employment creation in the tourism sector and the low level of exploitation of India’s tourism potential, the new tourism policy seeks to expand foreign tourist arrivals and facilitate domestic tourism in a manner that is sustainable by ensuring that possible adverse effects such as cultural pollution and degradation of environment are minimized. The New Tourism Policy also aims at making the stay of foreign tourists in India, a memorable and pleasant one with reliable services at predictable costs, so that they are encouraged to undertake repeated visits to India, as friends. This would tune with India's traditional philosophy of giving the highest honor to a guest (Athithidevobhava). 5.4.1 Highlights of tourism policy 1982: 1. The policy emphasis that development of tourism is connected to central, state and district level, public sector and private sector. 2. The policy encourages individuals to participate in tourism development and also create interest in local youth. 3. The policy encourages public private partnership for tourism growth. 4. Realizing that tourism is a multi -sectoral activity the policy ensures intergovernmental linkages and coordination. 5. The policy states that tourism development depends on private sector. Private sector has to build and manage tourist facility, preserve it, maintain it, involve local community, build security etc to develop tourism. 75 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

6. The role of voluntary agencies and volunteers in tourism development is recognized by the policy. 7. The policy implies to facilitate larger funds to tourism infrastructure. 8. The policy recognizes that high quality standards in services, hotels and tourism related industries are required of foreign investment. 9. The policy suggests giving priority to technological advancement especially to information technology. 10. The policy suggests for safety and security of tourism sector. 11. Through government agencies the policy provides facilities like obtaining visas, immigration checks, fees etc. 12. The policy creates tourism economic zones, circuits and tourism areas. 13. The policy introduces prospective plans, conservation of natural environment and cultural heritages, cost effectiveness etc. In brief this policy has succeeded in providing a strong policy foundation for Tourism Development in the country focusing on co-ordination of all tourism related activities, Public Private Partnership, Voluntary Organizations, Infrastructure Development, Foreign Direct Investment, Information Technology, Creation of Tourism Economic Zones and Sustainable Tourism development. 5.4.2The National Committee 1988 In 1988, Government (Planning Commission) appointed a National Committee on Tourism under the chairmanship of Shri Mohammed Yunus, Chairman, and Trade Fair Authority of India, to prepare a perspective plan for development of tourism in India. The committee submitted its recommendations in May 1988, after a detailed analysis of; i. The role of tourism in the socio-economic development, dynamics of tourism industry and strategic path, ii. Profile of international tourism in India, iii. International tourism and its prospects, iv. Tourist accommodation and lodging, v. Travel trade, marketing and export services, tourism transport linkages, 76 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

vi. Up gradation for development of human resource for the tourism sector and vii. The ecological aspects of tourism. 5.4.3The National committee 1988 Report Recommendations 1) A need for reappraisal of the future role of the state in tourism development and the extent of its participation. It is neither necessary nor feasible for the State to continue with larger investments in the tourism sector. The development of this industry should best be left to the initiative of the private sector. 2) The State should concentrate on building growth strategies of tourism development, provision of fiscal and monitoring incentives to chamelise private sector investments and devising an effective regulatory and supervisory mechanism to protect the interest of the industry and the consumer. 3) The development strategy for tourism sector should be based on the principle of low cost economy, higher levels of productivity, improvement in efficiency and competition. 4) An estimated one lakh hotel rooms will be required by the end of the century. 5) The Tourism Finance Corporation should be set up with an initial equity of Rs.100.00 crores. 6) Regulation of tariffs in hotel sector should be removed. 7) Suitable incentives should be given to revive and maintain national heritages like old Havelies, Palaces etc. As a result, it was estimated that the tourist arrivals will increase to 2.75-3 million by the year ~ 2000 A.D. Foreign exchange worth Rs.4, 000 crores- 5,000 crores can be earned by the year 2000 A.D. on 1986-87 prices. Image Building The plan also stipulated for a national image building and marketing. This was to be done by pooling the resources of Public and Private Agencies. Following 77 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

recommendations were made towards image building: Overseas offices should be professionalized and the selected offices should be strengthened on the basis of marketing plan. Officers with strong marketing orientation should be posted in the overseas offices. To overcome seasonality in the tourism product, alternative tourism season during the monsoon months specially in peninsular India should be developed. The technological developments in the field of communication and computers should be profitably utilised for establishing a Tourist Information Network. Indian cuisine and Indian restaurants should be promoted abroad. Potential for convention and conferences should be exploited. The performance and image of Air India should be improved. A liberal policy to allow foreign airlines to meet the projected demands to travel to and fro from India should be adopted. Air India should be converted into joint stock company with part of equity capital held a by public. Air charters should be allowed liberally to promote tour packages. Indian Airlines should be partially privatised. Palace on Wheels should be air-conditioned and refurnished in a \"period style. The \"Great Indian Rover\" Tourist train should be re- introduced and a special train for 'Tour of the Temples' in Southern India should be introduced. Indian Airlines/Vayudoot and Railway should set up separate Directorates of Tourism. Four- lane highways and motorways with suitable midway should be developed in the tourist routes. The potential of back waters of ICerala and Sunder bans in West Bengal should be exploited. The operational wing of Ministry of Tourism should be re- organised on the pattern of Railway Board. In the new set up there is no need to maintain the present segr.egated identity of the Ministry and Director General's office. National Tourism Board will be responsible among other things, for formulating tourism policy, drawing up perspective plans, monitoring and coordinating tourism projects and schemes. 78 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

A specialised management cadre for tourism called Indian Tourism Service should be constituted. Lateral induction of personnel should be made at appropriate levels to impart dynamism to the system. The role of India Tourism Development Corporation should be redefined and it should continue to pave the way for tourism in the areas where private sector is wary to invest. The Hotel Corporation of India and India Tourism Development Corporation should be merged with the National Tourism Development Corporation. A Standing Committee of Tourism Ministers should be constituted to provide an integrated approach to tourism development and also to effectively associate the State Governments in this process. Human Resource Development should be given better emphasis. . The capacity and the number of institutions both at the craft and diploma levels, should be increased and colleges should be improved. Universities should be encouraged to introduce tourism oriented courses. The plan of 1988 also make a number of recommendation, vis- a-vis environment and suggested remedial measures to prevent the damage of environment due to tourism development. Tourism development should be in harmony with the local ecological conditions. It is necessary to assess the anticipated environmental impact of tourist activities in an area. Tourism plans should be developed keeping in mind environmental impact of tourism activities in an area and also its carrying capacity. The 1988 plan does make a statement ou anticipating environmental impact or tourism development. However, a number of questions come up. For example, there are explicit guidelines in the Indian parliamentary acts about preserving flora and fauna or laws limiting contruction activity in tourism industry. How they to be are be dovetailed with the stated requirement of constructing one lakh hotel rooms by the end of the century? What will be the criteria for this expansion? Will the private sector tourism operators and guides be instructed on environmental laws? Who will monitor that there instructions have been carried out? 79 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

5.5CONCLUSION The parliamentary committees are large in structure and are suggestive (recommendatory) in nature. They are not obligatory (mandatory), but prime minister being a chairman of these committees makes a great difference in their acceptance and effectivity. The basic motive of these committees is to make the young members of parliament experienced, trained and to make them comprehend the dynamics of democracy. Some ad hoc or departmental committees keep the administration in effect by highlighting certain issues which can bring direction and efficiency. 5.6 SUMMARY  The tourism was growing at a good pace. But, in 1961-62, there was a decline in Tourist Traffic to India from 1, 39,804 (in 1961) to 1, 34, 036 (in 1962). This prompted the Government to appoint an Ad hoc committee on Tourism in March, 1963, under the chairmanship of L. K. Jha, which was named as L K Jha committee (Raina & Aggarwal, 2004).  The Indian parliament comprises two houses i.e. Lok Sabha (elected by people) and Rajya Sabha (elected by state legislatures or state assemblies).  Permanent committees Standing committee is a permanent body or committee as of a legislature, a society etc. Usually these committee are formed for a longer period of time or duration , the main purpose of these committee are to take certain decision and form various policies for the attainment of different objectives set by them.  An ad hoc committee is a committee formed for a specific purpose or task, and is dissolved or removed after the successful completion of task or work or achievement of the objectives; most of the committee other than standing committee are of ad hoc type.  The ad hoc committees are of two types: the first category of ad hoc committee is constituted by the houses to investigate (enquire) and inform (report) on particular (specific) subjects such as stock market scam, Bofors contract and drafting of five year plans.  The First Tourism policy was announced by the Government of India on November 1982. The mission of First Tourism Policy was to promote sustainable tourism as 80 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

means of economic growth, social integration and to promote the image of India abroad as a country with a glorious past, a vibrant present and a bright future 5.7 KEYWORD  Ad hoc Committees -An Ad hoc committee is a group of people assembled to address a specific issue. A committee formed for a specific task or objective and dissolved after the completion of the task or achievement of the objective. Most committees (other than the standing committees) are of the ad hoc variety.  L.K. Jha Committees - On 1st March, 1958, In the Ministry of Transport, a separate department was created to deal with all matters concerning Tourism. This new department started working under the charge of the Director General. He was assisted by one Deputy Director General and four Directors, each in charge of Administration, Publicity, Travel Relations and Planning & Development. This prompted the Government to appoint an Ad hoc committee on Tourism in March, 1963, under the chairmanship of L. K. Jha, which was named as L K Jha committee.  Lok Sabha-theLok Sabha, or House of the People, is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha.  Rajya Sabha- theRajya Sabha or Council of States is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India.  Swagat - Welcome  Suchana- Information  Suvidha- Facilitation  Suraksha - Safety  Sahayog– Co-operation  Samrachana - Development 5.8LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. What are objectives of L.K. JhaCommittees? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Discuss on Parliamentary Committee. 81 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 5.9UNIT END QUESTIONS A. Descriptive Questions Short Questions 1. Who is LK Jha? 2. What is a parliamentary committee? 3. What is a standing committee? 4. What is the task of Ad HOC Committee? 5. List the types of ad hoc committee? Long Questions 1 Describe the tourism policy 1982 2 What are the objectives of tourism development in policy 1982? 3 Discuss the highlights of Tourism policy 1982? 4 Explain the National committee 1988? 5 Discuss the structure of Parliamentary committees? B. Multiple Choice Questions 1. A separate department in the Ministry of Transport was created for tourism in the year a. 1955 b. 1968 c. 1954 d. 1958 2. Ad hoc committee was named after a. L. K. Jha, b. Ad hock c. Deputy General d. Directors 82 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

3. A standing committee is a a. Temporary body b. Permanent body c. Legislative body d. Subject body 4. First tourism policy was announced in the year a. 1985 b. 1984 c. 1982 d. 1983 5. Swagath means a. information b. welcome c. safety d. cooperation Answers 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c, 5-b 5.10 REFERENCES References book  An Integrated and Sustainable Development, John Willey & Sons IncPublications, New York.  Kumar MisraSuddhendu Narayan and SadualSapan, Basics of Tourism Management, Excel Books  NathDharPrem, Development of Tourism and Travel Industry:  An Indian Perspective, Kanishka Publications, New Delhi.  Prasad VV Vara, Travel& Tourism Management, Sundari VBT Publications Sinha R.K., 83 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

 Tourism Strategies ,Planning and Development, Common Wealth Publishers Textbook references  Bhatia A.K., Basics of Tourism Management, Sterling Publishers Pvt Delhi, 2010 http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist.asp.  http://banksnews.blogspot.in/2009/07/five-indian-banks-listed-among-top-1000.html.  http://blackrose-thinks.blogspot.in/2011/11/list-of-online-ptc-paying-sites.html. Website  http://www.slideshare.net/sreenath.s/evolution-of-hrm  www.articlesbase.com/training-articles/evolution-of-human-resource- management- 1294285.html  http://www.oppapers.com/subjects/different-kinds-of-approaches-to-hrm- page1.html 84 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

UNIT - 6: TOUIRSM PLANS & POLICIES IN INDIA-II STRUCTURE 6.0. Learning Objectives 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Objectives of the National Plan 1992 6.3. The National Action Plan 1992 Recommendations 6.4. Formulating Tourism policies 6.5. National Tourism Policy 2002 6.6. Summary 6.7. Keywords 6.8. Learning Activity 6.9. Unit End Questions 6.10. References 6.0LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, you will be able to:  Explain the National plan 1992  Identify the objectives of the plan 1992  State the need for formulation of tourism policies  Discuss on National tourism policy 2002 6.1INTRODUCTION National Action Plan for Tourism was presented to the Parliament in May 1992. It outlined the importance of the industry in the global context and in the national context, its effect on employment generation, foreign exchange earnings etc. it recognized the great potential, which existed in the country for the development of tourism and the tremendous scope for accelerated growth. 85 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

6.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE NATIONAL PLAN 1992 Following were some of the main objectives of the National Action Plan of 1992: I. Socio-economic development of the area. II. Increase in the employment opportunities. III. Preservation of national heritage and environment. IV. Optimization of foreign exchange earnings through international tourism. V. Increase in India’s share of world tourism. 6.3 THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN, 1992; RECOMMENDATIONS: i. Creation of Special Tourism Areas as notified zones for intensive investment and development. ii. Starting the Scheme for giving Assistance for Special Tourism Areas (ASTA) for providing finances for tourism and tourism related industry in specified areas/circuits. iii. Special category of Heritage Hotels/Health Resorts to be created and provided. a. Technical/consultancy help b. Loans for financial institutions c. Interest subsidy d. Marketing and operational expertise. iv. Tourism trains to be started on important tourist routes based on the success of Palace-on- wheels. v. River cruises to be operated in specified circuits. vi. Revamping of foreign offices to make them more accountable in terms of specified targets. 86 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

vii. Information revolution; information system to be revamped to provide positive projection of India in all leading markets. viii. Special airline/hotel packages for selected tourist destinations. ix. Provision of information counter for airlines, trains, hotels, tourist information at major international airports. 6.4 FORMULATING TOURISM POLICIES The various policies advocated by the eighth five year plan for tourism planning in India, are related to development of tourist places, winter sports, beach resorts, wildlife tourism, restoring the project of national heritage and providing economy class accommodation in tourist centers. The eighth five year plan emphasizes that the expansion of tourism sector is only through private sector participation. The thrust areas as enumerated in the plan includes development of selected tourist places, diversification from cultural related tourism to holiday and leisure tourism, development of trekking, winter sports, wildlife and beach resort tourism, exploring new source markets, restoration of national heritage projects, launching of national image building, providing inexpensive accommodation in different tourist centers, improving service efficiency in public sector etc. In April 1993, the Government announced further measures aimed at export promotion. The existing Export Promotion of Capital Goods Scheme (EPCG) was extended to tourism and related services. The first ever Indian Tourism Day was celebrated on January 25, 1998 87 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

6.5 NATIONAL TOURISM POLICY 2002: Announcement of National tourism policy 2002 by the Government of India is a mile stone in tourism planning in India. This tourism policy 2002 is based on a multi faced approach, which includes faster or speedy implementation of tourism project development of integrated tourism circuits, capacity building in the hospitality sector and new marketing strategies. Main aim of National tourism policy 2002 is to position tourism as a major driver of economic growth. Government tries to achieve this aim by promoting domestic and international inbound tourism, developing tourist infrastructure, developing new destinations, promoting of agro rural tourism, new tourist circuits, and public private partnership. Main areas emphasized by the Government of India, in national policy 2002 are: Evolution of Tourism Policy in India: i. Tourism product or destination development: National policy 2002 emphasized to promote existing tourism product and destination. For the development of tourism product and destination development, central Government provided assistance to the state Government and large projects have been funded. ii. Integrated development of tourist circuits: Central Government provided funds to the state government to develop tourist circuits to international standard. 88 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

iii. Assistance for large revenue generating projects: This policy emphasized private public partnership to undertake large revenue generating projects like convention centres, golf courses, cruises and tourist trains, which are used by tourists and provides large revenues to the state. iv. Support for private public partnership in infrastructure: This policy realized that private financial resource as well as technology and managerial talents are required for tourist infrastructure development. Therefore Government gives financial support to conduct study tour in India, fairs or exhibitions in abroad, publicity etc. 6.6 SUMMARY  National Action Plan for Tourism was presented to the Parliament in May 1992. It outlined the importance of the industry in the global context and in the national context, its effect on employment generation, foreign exchange earnings etc.  The various policies advocated by the eighth five year plan for tourism planning in India, are related to development of tourist places, winter sports, beach resorts, wildlife tourism, restoring the project of national heritage and providing economy class accommodation in tourist centres.  Announcement of National tourism policy 2002 by the Government of India is a mile stone in tourism planning in India. This tourism policy 2002 is based on a multi faced approach, which includes faster or speedy implementation of tourism project development of integrated tourism circuits, capacity building in the hospitality sector and new marketing strategies. 6.7 KEYWORD  International level Tourism planning - Tourism planning at the international level involves more than one country.  National level Tourism planning - Tourism planning at the national level is concerned with national tourism policy, structure planning, transportation networks within the country etc.  Regional level Tourism planning – Tourism planning at the regional level generally is done by provinces, states, or prefectures involving regional policy and infrastructure planning etc. 89 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

 Local or community level Tourism planning - Tourism planning at the local level involves sub regions, cities, towns, villages, resorts, rural areas and some tourist attractions.  Site planning level - Site planning refers to planning for specific location of buildings and structures, recreational facilities, conservation and landscape areas et 6.8LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. Discuss national policy 2002 and The National Action Plan, 1992 ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Discuss on Parliamentary Committee. ___________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 6.9UNIT END QUESTIONS A. Descriptive Questions Short Questions 1. What is national plan 1992? 2. Discuss the main objectives of National plan 1992 3. What is National policy 2002? 4. What are the main objectives of Policy 2002? 5. Why is tourism planning important? Long Questions 1. Explain the aim of National tourism policy 2002 is to position tourism as a major driver of economic growth. 2. The eighth five year plan emphasizes that the expansion of tourism sector is only through private sector participation. Discuss? 3. The various policies advocated by the eighth five year plan for tourism planning in India? 4. National tourism policy 2002 by the Government of India is a mile stone in tourism planning in India Explain? 5. Explain the recommendation made in National action plan 1992. 90 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

B. Multiple Choice Questions 1. The national action Plan was presented in the year a. 1993 b. 1992 c. 1994 d. 1998 2. The various policies advocated by the eighth five year plan for tourism planning in India, was a. development of tourist places b. development of temples c. development of archaeological sites d. development of new building 3. Government announced further measures aimed at export promotion in the year a. 1999 b. 1997 c. 1996 d. 1993 4. The first ever Indian Tourism Day was celebrated on a. January 25 1998 b. November 27 1998 c. September 27 1998 d. September 25 1998 5. Main aim of National tourism policy 2002 is to position tourism as a a. Major driver of economic growth. b. Major driver of infrastructural growth. c. Major driver of export growth. d. Major driver of Transport growth. Answers 91 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-a, 5-a 6.10 REFERENCES  http://www.slideshare.net/sreenath.s/evolution-of-hrm  www.articlesbase.com/training-articles/evolution-of-human-resource-management- 294285.html  http://www.oppapers.com/subjects/different-kinds-of-approaches-to-hrm- page1.html  Kumar MisraSuddhendu Narayan and SadualSapan, Basics of Tourism Management, Excel Books.  NathDharPrem, Development of Tourism and Travel Industry: An Indian Perspective, Kanishka Publications, New Delhi.  Prasad VV Vara, Travel & Tourism Management, Sundari VBT Publications.  Problems encountered by tourists by MadhaviChockalingam, A. Auroubindo Ganesh  Sinha R.K., Tourism Strategies, Planning and Development, Common Wealth Publishers.  Tourism Management 20 (1999) 183— 185 by DimitriosBuhalis.  Tourism Planning by Ramakrishna Kongalla, Assistant Professor at Assistant Professor, IITTM, Gwalior 92 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

UNIT -7: TOURISM POLICY INITIATIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT -I STRUCTURE 7.0. Learning Objectives 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Marketing and Promotion initiatives 7.3. Foreign Direct Investment 7.4. Tourism schemes in 11th five year plan 7.5. Summary 7.6. Keywords 7.7. Learning Activity 7.8. Unit End Questions 7.9. References 7.0LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, you will be able to:  Describe the governments initiatives to promote tourism,  Identify the marketing and promotion initiatives in tourism  State the need of foreign direct investment  Explain the eleventh five year plan 93 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

7.1INTRODUCTION Government initiatives: The Ministry tourism undertakes various initiatives to promote tourism in the country. This includes: Infrastructure Development: Adequate infrastructure facilities are vital for the tourism development. Ministry of Tourism has been making efforts to develop quality tourism infrastructure at tourist destinations and circuits. The Ministry has launched a scheme for development of nationally and internationally important destinations and circuits through Mega Projects. Infrastructure development schemes for tourism in India are: 1. Tourism product or infrastructure and destination development. 2. Integrated development of tourist circuits. 3. Assistance for large revenue generating project. 4. Capacity building for rural tourism. 5. Public private partnership in infrastructure development. 6. Tourism market development for domestic tourism 7.2 MARKETING AND PROMOTION INITIATIVES: Government of India initiated number of measures to promote tourism marketing and the important marketing and promotion initiatives are:- 94 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Incredible India Campaign: Incredible India Campaign was introduced by the Government of India in 2002 to promote India as an ultimate tourist destination on the world tourism map. Incredible India campaign was conducted globally to attract tourists to the country. It projected India as an attractive tourist destination by showcasing Indian culture, history, spirituality and yoga. Atithi Devo Bhava: 95 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Atithi Devo Bhavah is a programme conducted by the Government of India to complement the Incredible India Campaign. Main aim is to create awareness about the effect of tourism and sensitize people about our country’s rich heritage, culture, cleanliness and warm hospitality. Atithi Devo Bhavah is a seven point’sprogramme of hospitality and training. Components of Atithi Devo Bhavah areSamvedansheelth or Sensitization. Prashikshan or Training induction. Preran or Motivation. Pramanikaran or Certification. Pratipusthi or Feedback. Samanya Bodh or General awareness. Swamitwa or Ownership. 96 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Visit India 2009: The main vision of Visit India 2009 campaign was to boost the inflow of visitors and tourists after the terror attacks in Mumbai in 2008 as well as global economic crises. The programme was jointly announced by the Ministry of Tourism and World Travel and Tourism Council. This scheme was valid from April to December 2009 and had the support of the hospitality sector, tour operators, and travel and airlines companies. Different tourism products: Government of India introduced several tourism products such as rural tourism, cruise tourism, adventure tourism, medical tourism, open sky policy etc 97 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

7.3 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: Government of India allowed 100% Foreign Direct Investment in hotels and tourism industry. Hotels refer to restaurants, beach resorts and other tourist complexes providing accommodation and catering facilities to the tourists. Tourism industry includes travel agencies, tour operating agencies, tourist transport operating agencies and facilities for cultural, adventure and wild life experience, surface, air and water transport facilities, leisure, entertainment, sports, health and convention etc. During the Eleventh five year plan (2007-2012) there was a distinct shift in the approach of tourism development as compared to previous plans. The vision for the tourism sector for the 11th FYP was to achieve a superior quality of life through development and promotion of tourism which would provide a unique opportunity for physical invigoration, mental rejuvenation, cultural enrichment and spiritual elevation‟. This vision for tourism development was proposed to be achieved through the following strategic objectives. a) Positioning and maintaining tourism development as a national priority. b) Enhancing and maintaining India’s competitiveness as a tourism destination. c) Improving and expanding product development. d) Creating world class infrastructure. 98 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

e) Drawing up effective marketing plans and programmes and f) Developing human resources and capacity building of service providers. 7.4TOURISM DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES DURING THE ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN Several plan schemes were introduced during the eleventh five year plan period to achieve the targets. To accomplish the targets set forth in the 11th FYP the Ministry of tourism implemented the following schemes during 2007-2012. 1. Product Infrastructure Development for Destination and Circuits (PIDDC) Overseas Promotion and Publicity Including Market Development Assistance 2. Domestic Promotion and Publicity 3. Assistance to Large Revenue Generating Projects 4. Incentives to Accommodation Infrastructure Creation of Land Banks 5. Assistance to Central Agencies Market Research including Twenty Years Perspective Plan. 6. Computerization and Information Technology As per the 11th Plan document of the Planning Commission, “ 7. Tourism is the largest service industry in the country. Its importance lies in being an instrument for economic development and employment generation, particularly in remote and backward areas”. During 11th Five Year Plan efforts were made to harness the full potential of tourism sector by improving the tourism infrastructure, popularizing further by the Incredible India Campaigns in foreign countries, promoting niche products such as MICE, Health and Wellness centers, adventure tourism etc. 99 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

7.5SUMMARY  The Ministry tourism undertakes various initiatives to promote tourism in the country. This includes: Infrastructure Development: Adequate infrastructure facilities are vital for the tourism development.  Incredible India Campaign was introduced by the Government of India in 2002 to promote India as an ultimate tourist destination on the world tourism map. Incredible India campaign was conducted globally to attract tourists to the country. It projected India as an attractive tourist destination by showcasing Indian culture, history, spirituality and yoga.  AtithiDevoBhavah is a programme conducted by the Government of India to complement the Incredible India Campaign. Main aim is to create awareness about the effect of tourism and sensitize people about our country’s rich heritage, culture, cleanliness and warm hospitality. AtithiDevoBhavah is a seven point’s programme of hospitality and training.  The main vision of Visit India 2009 campaign was to boost the inflow of visitors and tourists after the terror attacks in Mumbai in 2008 as well as global economic crises. The programme was jointly announced by the Ministry of Tourism and World Travel and Tourism Council. This scheme was valid from April to December 2009 and had the support of the hospitality sector, tour operators, and travel and airlines companies. 100 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)