CU-MCA-Mobile Applications Development Second draft-converted

import android.view.View; 201 import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends Activity { MediaRecorder recorder; File audiofile = null; static final String TAG = \"MediaRecording\"; Button startButton,stopButton; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); startButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1); stopButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button2); } public void startRecording(View view) throws IOException { startButton.setEnabled(false); stopButton.setEnabled(true); //Creating file File dir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(); try { audiofile = File.createTempFile(\"sound\", \".3gp\", dir); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, \"external storage access error\"); return; } CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

//Creating MediaRecorder and specifying audio source, output format, encoder & output format recorder = new MediaRecorder(); recorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC); recorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP); recorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB); recorder.setOutputFile(audiofile.getAbsolutePath()); recorder.prepare(); recorder.start(); } public void stopRecording(View view) { startButton.setEnabled(true); stopButton.setEnabled(false); //stopping recorder recorder.stop(); recorder.release(); //after stopping the recorder, create the sound file and add it to media library. addRecordingToMediaLibrary(); } protected void addRecordingToMediaLibrary() { //creating content values of size 4 ContentValues values = new ContentValues(4); long current = System.currentTimeMillis(); values.put(MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE, \"audio\" + audiofile.getName()); values.put(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATE_ADDED, (int) (current / 1000)); values.put(MediaStore.Audio.Media.MIME_TYPE, \"audio/3gpp\"); values.put(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA, audiofile.getAbsolutePath()); 202 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

//creating content resolver and storing it in the external content URI ContentResolvercontentResolver = getContentResolver(); Uri base = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI; Uri newUri = contentResolver.insert(base, values); //sending broadcast message to scan the media file so that it can be available sendBroadcast(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE, newUri)); Toast.makeText(this, \"Added File \" + newUri, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } } download this media recorder Example Output: android media recorder example output 1 android media recorder example output 2 Figure 9.2. Media Recorder Output 9.6 SPEECH API First of all, create a new Android Studio project and in the manifest file add the following user-permissions: <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?> 203 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

<manifest xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\" package=\"com.example1.texttospeech\"> <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO\"/> <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.INTERNET\"/> Now in the activity_main.xml file, we will add an EditText and an ImageView.I will not explain the layout file as I don’t want to waste anybody’s time who is here to learn the Speech to Text.You can see the code below. <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?> <RelativeLayoutxmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\" xmlns:app=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto\" xmlns:tools=\"http://schemas.android.com/tools\" android:layout_width=\"match_parent\" android:layout_height=\"match_parent\" tools:context=\".MainActivity\"> <RelativeLayout android:layout_width=\"match_parent\" android:layout_centerInParent=\"true\" android:layout_marginLeft=\"10dp\" android:layout_marginRight=\"10dp\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"> <EditText android:layout_width=\"match_parent\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_toLeftOf=\"@id/button\" android:layout_marginRight=\"15dp\" android:padding=\"10dp\" android:hint=\"Tap to Speak\" android:id=\"@+id/text\" android:layout_centerInParent=\"true\" /> 204 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

<ImageView android:layout_width=\"40dp\" android:layout_height=\"40dp\" android:backgroundTint=\"#F9F8FA\" android:paddingRight=\"10dp\" android:src=\"@drawable/ic_mic_black_off\" android:layout_alignParentRight=\"true\" android:id=\"@+id/button\"/> </RelativeLayout> </RelativeLayout> Let’s dive into the MainActivity.java file. First, we will check for the permissions: if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ checkPermission(); } If the permission is not granted then we will call the checkPermission method. private void checkPermission() { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO},RecordAudioRequestCode); } } Now here comes the important part first which will initialize the SpeecRecognizer object and then create the intent for recognizing the speech. speechRecognizer = SpeechRecognizer.createSpeechRecognizer(this); final Intent speechRecognizerIntent = new Intent(RecognizerIntent.ACTION_RECOGNIZE_SPEECH); speechRecognizerIntent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE_MODEL,Recogn izerIntent.LANGUAGE_MODEL_FREE_FORM); 205 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

speechRecognizerIntent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE, Locale.getDefault()); As you can see we have added some extras let me explain what are they. The constant ACTION_RECOGNIZE_SPEECH starts an activity that will prompt the user for speech and send it through a speech recognizer. EXTRA_LANGUAGE_MODEL: Informs the recognizer which speech model to prefer when performing ACTION_RECOGNIZE_SPEECH. LANGUAGE_MODEL_FREE_FORM: Use a language model based on free-form speech recognition. EXTRA_LANGUAGE: Optional IETF language tag (as defined by BCP 47), for example, “en-US”. Now we will set a speechRecognitionListener to our speechRecognizer object using the setRecognitionListener() method. You can see after setting the listener we get several methods to implement. We will go the onResults method and add the following code @Override public void onResults(Bundle bundle) { micButton.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_mic_black_off); ArrayList<String> data = bundle.getStringArrayList(SpeechRecognizer.RESULTS_RECOGNITION); editText.setText(data.get(0)); } We get an ArrayList of String as a result and we use this ArrayList to update the UI (EditText here). Build better voice apps. Get more articles & interviews from voice technology experts at voicetechpodcast.com In the onBeginningOfSpeeh() method we will add the following code to tell the user that his voice is being recognized. @Override public void onBeginningOfSpeech() { editText.setText(\"Listening...\"); } 206 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Now, let’s set up the imageView. We will add a touchListener to the image view to know when the user has pressed the image. micButton.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() { @Override public booleanonTouch(View view, MotionEventmotionEvent) { if (motionEvent.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP){ speechRecognizer.stopListening(); } if (motionEvent.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){ micButton.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_mic_black_24dp); speechRecognizer.startListening(speechRecognizerIntent); } return false; } }); 9.7TELEPHONY API The telephony API is used to among other things monitor phone information including the current states of the phone, connections, network, etc. In this example, we want to utilize the telephone manager part of the Application Framework and use phone listeners (PhoneStateListener) to retrieve various phone states. This is a simple example utilizing the telephony API and its associated listener which can be good before implementing other application functions related to a phone state like connecting the Call. TelephonyDemo.java import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.telephony.TelephonyManager; import android.widget.TextView; import android.os.Bundle; 207 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

import android.telephony.PhoneStateListener; 208 public class TelephonyDemo extends Activity { TextViewtextOut; TelephonyManagertelephonyManager; PhoneStateListener listener; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); // Get the UI textOut = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textOut); // Get the telephony manager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); // Create a new PhoneStateListener listener = new PhoneStateListener() { @Override public void onCallStateChanged(int state, String incomingNumber) { String stateString = \"N/A\"; switch (state) { case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE: stateString = \"Idle\"; break; case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING: CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

stateString = \"Ringing\"; break; case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK: stateString = \"Off Hook\"; break; } textOut.append(String.format(\"\\nonCallStateChanged: %s\", stateString)); } }; // Register the listener with the telephony manager telephonyManager.listen(listener, PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_CALL_STATE); } } main.xml <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android=\"https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\" android:orientation=\"vertical\" android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\" android:layout_height=\"fill_parent\"> <TextView android:layout_wFirst of all, create a new Android Studio assignment and withinside the manifest document upload the subsequent user permissions: package=\"com.example1.texttospeech\"> Now withinside the activity_main.xml document, we are able to upload an EditText and an 209 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

ImageView.I will now no longer provide an explanation for the format document as I don’t need to waste anybody’s time who's right here to study the Speech to Text.You can see the code below. xmlns:app=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto\" xmlns:tools=\"http://schemas.android.com/tools\" android:layout_width=\"match_parent\" android:layout_height=\"match_parent\" tools:context=\".MainActivity\"> android:layout_width=\"match_parent\" android:layout_centerInParent=\"true\" android:layout_marginLeft=\"10dp\" android:layout_marginRight=\"10dp\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"> android:layout_width=\"match_parent\" 210 android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_toLeftOf=\"@id/button\" android:layout_marginRight=\"15dp\" android:padding=\"10dp\" android:hint=\"Tap to Speak\" android:id=\"@+id/text\" android:layout_centerInParent=\"true\" /> android:layout_width=\"40dp\" android:layout_height=\"40dp\" android:backgroundTint=\"#F9F8FA\" android:paddingRight=\"10dp\" android:src=\"@drawable/ic_mic_black_off\" android:layout_alignParentRight=\"true\" android:id=\"@+id/button\"/> CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Let’s dive into the MainActivity.java document. First, we are able to test for the permissions: if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)checkPermission(); \"> If the permission isn't always granted then we are able to name the checkPermission technique. non-public void checkPermission() { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO},RecordAudioRequestCode); } } Now right here comes the crucial element first with a view to initialize the SpeecRecognizer item after which create the cause for spotting the speech.speechRecognizer = SpeechRecognizer.createSpeechRecognizer(this); very last Intent speechRecognizerIntent = new Intent(RecognizerIntent.ACTION_RECOGNIZE_SPEECH); speechRecognizerIntent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE_MODEL,Recogn izerIntent.LANGUAGE_MODEL_FREE_FORM); speechRecognizerIntent.putExtra(RecognizerIntent.EXTRA_LANGUAGE, Locale.getDefault()); As you could see we've delivered a few extras permit me provide an explanation for what are they. The consistent ACTION_RECOGNIZE_SPEECH begins offevolved an interest to be able to prompt the consumer for speech and ship it thru a speech recognizer. EXTRA_LANGUAGE_MODEL: Informs the recognizer which speech version to decide upon whilst acting ACTION_RECOGNIZE_SPEECH. LANGUAGE_MODEL_FREE_FORM: Use a language version primarily based totally on free-shape speech recognition. EXTRA_LANGUAGE: Now we are able to set a 211 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

speechRecognitionListener to our speechRecognizer item the use of the setRecognitionListener() technique. You can see after putting the listener we get numerous strategies to implement. We will cross the onResults technique and upload the subsequent code @Override public void onResults(Bundle bundle) micButton.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_mic_black_off); ArrayList data = bundle.getStringArrayList(SpeechRecognizer.RESULTS_RECOGNITION); editText.setText(data.get(0)); \"> We get an ArrayList of String as an end result and we use this ArrayList to replace the UI (EditText right here). Build higher voice apps. Get extra articles & interviews from voice generation professionals at voicetechpodcast.com In the onBeginningOfSpeeh() technique we are able to upload the subsequent code to inform the user that his voice is being recognized. @Override public void onBeginningOfSpeech() editText.setText(\"Listening...\"); \"> Now, shall we installation the imageView. We will upload a touchListener to the image view to recognize whilst the consumer has pressed the image. micButton.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() { 212 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

@Override public booleanonTouch(View view, MotionEventmotionEvent) { if (motionEvent.getAction()== MotionEvent.ACTION_UP){ speechRecognizer.stopListening(); } If (motionEvent.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){ micButton.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_mic_black_24dp); speechRecognizer.startListening(speechRecognizerIntent); } go back false; } }); idth=\"fill_parent\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:text=\"Telephony Demo\" android:textSize=\"22sp\" /> <TextView android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:id=\"@+id/textOut\" android:text=\"Output\"></TextView> </LinearLayout> Output 213 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Figure 9.3. Telephony Demo Output 9.8 SEND MAIL We can send E-mail via intent. we need to write following code only 1. Intent email = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 2. email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, new String[]{ to}); 3. email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject); 4. email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, message); 5. //need this to prompts email client only 6. email.setType(\"message/rfc822\"); 7. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(email, \"Choose an Email client :\")); Example of phone call activity_main.xml Drag the 2 EditTexts, 1 MultiLineEditText, 3 TextViews and 1 Button from the pallete, now the activity_main.xml file will like this: File: activity_main.xml <RelativeLayout xmlns:androclass=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\" xmlns:tools=\"http://schemas.android.com/tools\" android:layout_width=\"match_parent\" android:layout_height=\"match_parent\" tools:context=\".MainActivity\" > <EditText 214 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

android:id=\"@+id/editText1\" 215 android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignParentRight=\"true\" android:layout_alignParentTop=\"true\" android:layout_marginRight=\"22dp\" android:layout_marginTop=\"16dp\" android:ems=\"10\" /> <EditText android:id=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignLeft=\"@+id/editText1\" android:layout_below=\"@+id/editText1\" android:layout_marginTop=\"18dp\" android:ems=\"10\" > <requestFocus /> </EditText> <EditText android:id=\"@+id/editText3\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignLeft=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_below=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_marginTop=\"28dp\" android:ems=\"10\" android:inputType=\"textMultiLine\" /> <TextView android:id=\"@+id/textView1\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignBaseline=\"@+id/editText1\" android:layout_alignBottom=\"@+id/editText1\" android:layout_alignParentLeft=\"true\" android:text=\"To:\" /> <TextView android:id=\"@+id/textView2\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignBaseline=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_alignBottom=\"@ +id/editText2\" android:layout_alignParentLeft=\"true\" android:text=\"Subject:\" /> <TextView android:id=\"@+id/textView3\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignBaseline=\"@+id/editText3\" android:layout_alignBottom=\"@+id/editText3\" android:layout_alignParentLeft=\"true\" android:text=\"Message:\" /> <Button android:id=\"@+id/button1\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignLeft=\"@+id/editText3\" android:layout_below=\"@+id/editText3\" android:layout_marginLeft=\"76dp\" android:layout_marginTop=\"20dp\" android:text=\"Send\" /> </RelativeLayout> 216 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Activity class 217 Code to send email via intent. File: MainActivity.java package com.example1.sendemail; import android.os.Bundle; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; public class MainActivity extends Activity { EditText editTextTo,editTextSubject,editTextMessage; Button send; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); editTextTo=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1); editTextSubject=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText2); editTextMessage=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText3); send=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1); send.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){ @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { String to=editTextTo.getText().toString(); String subject=editTextSubject.getText().toString(); String message=editTextMessage.getText().toString(); CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Intent email = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, new String[]{ to}); email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject); email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, message); //need this to prompts email client only email.setType(\"message/rfc822\"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(email, \"Choose an Email client :\")); } }); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu); return true; } } 9.9SEND SMS We can send SMS in android via intent. //Getting intent and PendingIntent instance Intent intent=new Intent(getApplicationContext(),MainActivity.class); PendingIntent pi=PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(), 0, intent,0); //Get the SmsManager instance and call the sendTextMessage method to send message SmsManager sms=SmsManager.getDefault(); sms.sendTextMessage(\"8802177690\", null, \"hello jst\", pi,null); sending SMS in android 218 activity_main.xml CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Drag the 2 edittexts, 2 textviews and 1 button from the pallete, now the activity_main.xml file will like this: File: activity_main.xml <RelativeLayout xmlns:androclass=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\" xmlns:tools=\"http://schemas.android.com/tools\" android:layout_width=\"match_parent\" android:layout_height=\"match_parent\" tools:context=\".MainActivity\" > <EditText android:id=\"@+id/editText1\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignParentRight=\"true\" android:layout_alignParentTop=\"true\" android:layout_marginRight=\"20dp\" android:ems=\"10\" /> <EditText android:id=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignLeft=\"@+id/editText1\" android:layout_below=\"@+id/editText1\" android:layout_marginTop=\"26dp\" android:ems=\"10\" android:inputType=\"textMultiLine\" /> <TextView android:id=\"@+id/textView1\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignBaseline=\"@+id/editText1\" 219 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

android:layout_alignBottom=\"@+id/editText1\" 220 android:layout_toLeftOf=\"@+id/editText1\" android:text=\"Mobile No:\" /> <TextView android:id=\"@+id/textView2\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignBaseline=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_alignBottom=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_alignLeft=\"@+id/textView1\" android:text=\"Message:\" /> <Button android:id=\"@+id/button1\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignLeft=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_below=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_marginLeft=\"34dp\" android:layout_marginTop=\"48dp\" android:text=\"Send SMS\" /> </RelativeLayout> permission code in Android-Manifest.xml file You need to write SEND_SMS permission as given below: <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.SEND_SMS\"/> File: Android-Manifest.xml <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?> <manifest xmlns:androclass=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\" package=\"com.example1.sendsms\" CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

android:versionCode=\"1\" 221 android:versionName=\"1.0\" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion=\"8\" android:targetSdkVersion=\"16\" /> <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.SEND_SMS\"/> <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS\"/> <application android:allowBackup=\"true\" android:icon=\"@drawable/ic_launcher\" android:label=\"@string/app_name\" android:theme=\"@style/AppTheme\" > <activity android:name=\"com.example1.sendsms.MainActivity\" android:label=\"@string/app_name\" > <intent-filter> <action android:name=\"android.intent.action.MAIN\" /> <category android:name=\"android.intent.category.LAUNCHER\" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest> Activity class code to make the phone call via intent. File: MainActivity.java package com.example1.sendsms; import android.os.Bundle; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.PendingIntent; CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

import android.content.Intent; import android.telephony.SmsManager; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends Activity { EditText mobileno,message; Button sendsms; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mobileno=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1); message=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText2); sendsms=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1); //Performing action on button click sendsms.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { String no=mobileno.getText().toString(); String msg=message.getText().toString(); //Getting intent and PendingIntent instance Intent intent=new Intent(getApplicationContext(),MainActivity.class); PendingIntent pi=PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(), 0, intent,0); //Get the SmsManager instance and call the sendTextMessage method to send message SmsManager sms=SmsManager.getDefault(); 222 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

sms.sendTextMessage(no, null, msg, pi,null); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), \"Message Sent successfully!\", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu); return true; } } Run to send the SMS. 223 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Figure 9.3. Sending SMS output 9.10 SUMMARY • How the Android SDK makes use of multimedia and the way you may play, shop, and document video and sound. We additionally checked out numerous capabilities the Android MediaPlayer gives the developer, from an integrated video participant to extensive aid for formats, encodings, and requirements. • We pointed out the way to engage with different hardware gadgets connected to the phone, which includes a microphone and camera. You used the SDK to create an SD card photograph for the emulator to simulate SD cards, and also you used the Media Recorder utility to document audio and shop it to the SD card. 224 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

• The maximum regular function of multimedia programming with Android is that matters are converting and maturing! Multimedia aid is transferring from Open- CORE to Stagefright, with model 2.2 being fairly of a pivot launch in which each frameworks percentage duty for turning in multimedia functionality. Writing multimedia packages calls for the developer to behaviour a piece extra paintings without delay at the hardware due to the fact the emulated environments don’t effectively mirror the hardware competencies of the handsets. Despite this capacity velocity bump withinside the improvement process, Android presently gives you the entirety you want to create wealthy and compelling media packages. Its awareness on assisting enterprise and open requirements ensures that your packages could have extensive aid on a lot of phones. 9.11 KEYWORDS • Digital Audio-Digital audio terms relate to handling sound using audio signals encoded in digital form. For details, refer to Digital Audio. • AC3-An audio codec by Dolby. • Acoustics-Study of the mechanical properties of sound, such as how the physical placement of transducers (speakers, microphones, etc.) on a device affects perceived audio quality. • Attenuation-Multiplicative factor less than or equal to 1.0, applied to an audio signal to decrease the signal level. Compare to gain. • Audiophile-Person concerned with a superior music reproduction experience, especially willing to make substantial tradeoffs (expense, component size, room design, etc.) for sound quality. For details, refer to audiophile. • AVB-A standard for real-time transmission of digital audio over Ethernet. For details, refer to Audio Video Bridging. 9.12 LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. You have to be compelled to notice and cargo media for your application. The media is also a part of your application, or it'd be external to that on the sd card. Either way, you wish to search out a handle to that and use it together with Android’s media playback arthropod genus to present the media to the user. ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. If you've got an associated android device and use it on a daily basis, you might’ve detected the automaton media scanner. This service runs most perceptibly once your device boots up and you see a message regarding it on your notification bar. If you've got an oversized quantity of storage, it will take a while to complete its scan. It runs at different 225 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

times too. In every case, it’s searching for media files and making shared information regarding those files. this is often convenient and powerful. however, we are able to access this knowledge. ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 9.13 UNIT END QUESTIONS A. Descriptive Questions Short Questions 1. What is the correct method for writing a message? 2. Mention the same for emails. 3. How are Google maps are made? 4. What does Media Scanner do? 5. Where is thumbnail stored in a picture? Long Questions 1. What is Android multimedia? 2. Define Messaging. Why is it used in daily lives? 3. Explain the state diagram of media player object? 4. What are the different types of messages? How are messages sent? 5. How can we extend a user interface with pre-built actions from mobile platforms or other devices? For example, how do you design around Apple’s 3D Touch? 6. How AV sync is achieved in RTSP streaming? B. Multiple Choice Questions 226 1. The location devices include a. Bidstream b. Wifi c. RFID d. All of these 2. Maps are: a. Three-dimensional view of the earth b. Two-dimensional view of the earth c. Cylindrical view of the earth CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

d. Earth is not considered 3. Latitudes are a. Parallel to equator b. Perpendicular to equator c. Diagonal to equator d. None of these 4. Longitudes meet at a. Poles b. Equator c. Seas d. Plates 5. Messages can be used for a. Advertisement b. Real-time messaging c. Information circulation d. All of these Answers 1-d, 2-b. 3-a, 4-a, 5-d, 9.14 REFERENCES Reference Books ● Khoshafian, et al. (1990). Object orientation: Concepts, Languages, Databases. New York: John Wiley & Sons ● Thornsby, J. (May 2016). Android UI Design. Packt Publishing. ● Morris, J. (Feb 2011). Android User Interface Development - Beginner’s Guide. UK. Packt Publishing Websites 227 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

• https://enos.itcollege.ee/~jpoial/allalaadimised/reading/Android-UI-Design.pdf • https://www.techotopia.com/index.php/Understanding_Android_Views,_View_Gr oups_and_Layouts • https://www.tutorialspoint.com/software_architecture_design/user_interface.htm • https://www.wideskills.com/android/building-user-interface/listening-to-ui- notifications-in-android • https://developer.android.com/guide/fragments/lifecycle 228 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

UNIT - 10: DEVICE CONNECTIVITY Structure 10.0.Learning Objectives 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Bluetooth 10.3. WIFI 10.4. Summary 10.5. Keywords 10.6. Learning Activity 10.7. Unit End Questions 10.8. References 10.0 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, you will be able to: • Describe Implementation of standard Android connectivity protocols • Explain the Use of related features • Describe Implementation of Bluetooth, • Elaborate Working with NFC • Explain Accessing and dealing with Wi-Fi, Telephony, and more. 10.1 INTRODUCTION In addition to providing standard network connectivity, Android provides APIs to let your app connect and interact with other devices with protocols such as Bluetooth, NFC, Wi-Fi P2P, USB, and SIP. 10.2 BLUETOOTH Bluetooth is a function to exchange data among devices wirelessly. Bluetooth API is provided by Android to perform several tasks such as: 1. scannning Bluetooth devices 2. connect/ transfer data from between devices 3. managing multiple connections. Bluetooth API 229 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

The android.bluetooth package contains a lot of interfaces classes as: o BluetoothAdapter o BluetoothDevice o BluetoothSocket o BluetoothServerSocket o BluetoothClass o BluetoothProfile o BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener o BluetoothHeadset o BluetoothA2dp o BluetoothHealth o BluetoothHealthCallback o BluetoothHealthAppConfiguration android-preferences-example BluetoothAdapter class With the help of BluetoothAdapter class, we can perform tasks like device discovery, query for paired (bonded) devices, create a BluetoothServerSocket instance for connection requests etc. Constants of BluetoothAdapter class Many constants provided by BluetoothAdapter class as follows: 1. String ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE 2. String ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE 3. String ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED 4. String ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED Methods of BluetoothAdapter class Commonly used methods of BluetoothAdapter class are as follows: i. static synchronized BluetoothAdaptergetDefaultAdapter() returns the instance of BluetoothAdapter. ii. booleanenable()- enables the bluetooth adapter if it is disabled. 230 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

iii.booleanisEnabled()- returns true if the bluetooth adapter is enabled. iv. booleandisable() -disables the bluetooth adapter if it is enabled. v. String getName() -returns the name of the bluetooth adapter. vi. booleansetName(String name) -changes the bluetooth name. vii. int getState() -returns the current state of the local bluetooth adapter. viii. Set<BluetoothDevice>getBondedDevices() -returns a set of paired (bonded) BluetoothDevice objects. ix. booleanstartDiscovery() -starts the discovery process. Android Bluetooth Example: enable, disable and make discoverable Bluetooth programmatically. To enable or disable the Bluetooth. activity_main.xml Drag one textview and three buttons from the pallete, now the activity_main.xml file will like this: File: activity_main.xml <RelativeLayout xmlns:androclass=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\" xmlns:tools=\"http://schemas.android.com/tools\" android:layout_width=\"match_parent\" android:layout_height=\"match_parent\" tools:context=\".MainActivity\" > <TextView android:text=\"\" android:id=\"@+id/out\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"> </TextView> <Button android:id=\"@+id/button1\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" 231 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

android:layout_alignParentLeft=\"true\" android:layout_alignParentTop=\"true\" android:layout_marginLeft=\"30dp\" android:layout_marginTop=\"49dp\" android:text=\"TURN_ON\" /> <Button android:id=\"@+id/button2\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignLeft=\"@+id/button1\" android:layout_below=\"@+id/button1\" android:layout_marginTop=\"27dp\" android:text=\"DISCOVERABLE\" /> <Button android:id=\"@+id/button3\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignLeft=\"@+id/button2\" android:layout_below=\"@+id/button2\" android:layout_marginTop=\"28dp\" android:text=\"TURN_OFF\" /> </RelativeLayout> Provide Permission You need to provide following permissions in AndroidManifest.xml file. 1. <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.BLUETOOTH\" /> 2. <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN\" /> The full code of AndroidManifest.xml file is given below. File: AndroidManifest.xml <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?> <manifest xmlns:androclass=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\" 232 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

package=\"com.example11.bluetooth\" 233 android:versionCode=\"1\" android:versionName=\"1.0\" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion=\"8\" android:targetSdkVersion=\"16\" /> <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.BLUETOOTH\" /> <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN\" /> <application android:allowBackup=\"true\" android:icon=\"@drawable/ic_launcher\" android:label=\"@string/app_name\" android:theme=\"@style/AppTheme\" > <activity android:name=\"com.example1.bluetooth.MainActivity\" android:label=\"@string/app_name\" > <intent-filter> <action android:name=\"android.intent.action.MAIN\" /> <category android:name=\"android.intent.category.LAUNCHER\" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest> ________________________________________ Activity class Code to enable, disable and make bluetooth discoverable. File: MainActivity.java package com.example11.bluetooth; import android.os.Bundle; import android.app.Activity; CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

import android.view.Menu; import android.app.Activity; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 0; private static final int REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BT = 0; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); final TextView out=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.out); final Button button1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1); final Button button2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button2); final Button button3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button3); final BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) { out.append(\"device not supported\"); } button1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { 234 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Intent enableBtIntent = new DEVICE Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); } } }); button2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) { //out.append(\"MAKING YOUR DEVICE DISCOVERABLE\"); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), \"MAKING YOUR DISCOVERABLE\", Toast.LENGTH_LONG); Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BT); } } }); button3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { mBluetoothAdapter.disable(); //out.append(\"TURN_OFF BLUETOOTH\"); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), \"TURNING_OFF BLUETOOTH\", Toast.LENGTH_LONG); } 235 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

}); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu); return true; } } 10.3 WIFI Android.net.wifi.WifiManager magnificence is used to manipulate the wifi connectivity and to feature networks, disable networks, test for get entry to points, disconnect, etc. instance to permit and disable wifi Let's see the easy instance of wifi to permit and disable the wifi carrier. activity_main.xml File: activity_main.xml <RelativeLayout xmlns:androclass=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\" xmlns:tools=\"http://schemas.android.com/tools\" android:layout_width=\"match_parent\" android:layout_height=\"match_parent\" tools:context=\".MainActivity\" > <Button 236 android:id=\"@+id/button1\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

android:layout_alignParentLeft=\"true\" 237 android:layout_alignParentTop=\"true\" android:layout_marginLeft=\"76dp\" android:layout_marginTop=\"67dp\" android:text=\"Enable Wifi\" /> <Button android:id=\"@+id/button2\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignLeft=\"@+id/button1\" android:layout_below=\"@+id/button1\" android:layout_marginTop=\"44dp\" android:text=\"Disable Wifi\" /> </RelativeLayout> ________________________________________ Activity class File: MainActivity.java package com.example11.wifi; import android.net.wifi.WifiManager; import android.os.Bundle; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; public class MainActivity extends Activity { CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Button enableButton,disableButton; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); enableButton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1); disableButton=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button2); enableButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v){ WifiManager wifi = (WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE); wifi.setWifiEnabled(true); } }); disableButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v){ WifiManager wifi = (WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE); wifi.setWifiEnabled(false); } }); } @Override 238 public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu); return true; } Add Permission in AndroidManifest.xml CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

You need to add the following permissions in the AndroidManifest.xml file. 1. <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE\" /> 2. <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.INTERNET\" /> 3. <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE\"/> Figure 10.1. Wifi enable/disable Output 10.4 SUMMARY • Human's quest for conversation and statistics sharing in distinctive bureaucracy and conditions has brought about the discovery of many progressive connectivity technologies, which include Bluetooth and NFC, similarly to the same old community connections like Wi-Fi and 4G. Increasingly, customers of cell gadgets need to have the liberty and comfort of interacting and replacing statistics immediately with different gadgets without the want to undergo the traditional community infrastructure. • In this respect, Android has supplied a wealthy set of software program libraries known as APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) wherein your app can employ to attach and have interaction with different gadgets in plenty of ways. In this article, you'll have the possibility to discover the fundamental mechanism of the subsequent connectivity alternatives in a hands-on approach: • Bluetooth • Wi-Fi 239 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

• NFC • Mobile Data • SIP • USB • Android network connectivity offerings permit us to test the community connectivity statistics of the tool. It could be very crucial to test the net connection of the tool whilst acting the project that's primarily based totally on net carrier which includes fetching facts from the server (net) or writing facts to the server. • Using Android Network Connectivity Services we also can decide the forms of a community of android gadgets. It can be of kinds TYPE_WIFI (wifi), TYPE_MOBILE (cell), TYPE_BLUETOOTH (Bluetooth), etc.. 10.5 KEYWORDS • Bluetooth- Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances using UHF radio waves in the ISM bands, from 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz, and building personal area networks (PANs). • WiFi- Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows devices such as computers (laptops and desktops), mobile devices (smart phones and wearables), and other equipment (printers and video cameras) to interface with the Internet. • Infra Red- — Infrared (IR), sometimes called infrared light, is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. It is therefore invisible to the human eye • Hotspot- A hotspot is a public place that offers wireless internet. A mobile or personal hotspot lets a user go online by connecting a device to their smartphone. 10.6 LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. Demonstrate using WIFI. It creates a fundamental utility that opens your wifi and near your wifi. To test with this instance, you want to run this on a real tool on which wifi is becoming on. ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 2. Create a utility that turns on Bluetooth, reveals Bluetooth gadgets that can be near, scans for different undiscovered Bluetooth gadgets, and ultimately makes use of Bluetooth connection to create a Chat Application among gadgets. 240 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 10.7 UNIT END QUESTIONS A. Descriptive Questions Short Questions 1. What is Connectivity Manager in Android? 2. Where are Android connected devices? 3. How do I check my network connection on Android? 4. How do I connect devices? 5. What is Wifi? Long Questions 1. Define Bluetooth Profiles? 2. Explain The Difference Between Power Classes In Bluetooth? 3. Explain The Difference Between Bluetooth And Infra Red? 4. What is portable wi-fi hotspot? 5. Difference between wifi sn Bluetooth. B. Multiple Choice Questions 1. Wifi does not support roaming.Is that statement is____. a. TRUE b. FALE 2. Router device sends and receive______signals in a wireless.network. a. radio b. digital c. analog 3. ._______ Mbps is the rate of Gigabit Ethernet 241 a. 1000 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

b. 1200C.100 c. 600 4. Which of the statement is true about signal/noise or SNR? a.This is a signal that sends noise in a building b. This is what means the quality of the transmission of information in relation to parasites (Correct Answer) c. It is a calculation that determines who makes the most noise in the Office 4001 5. For transmitting signals_____ waves are uses in a wireless network. a. sound b. mechanical c. radio 6. Which radio frequency band used by Bluetooth? a. 2.4 GHz b. 2.4 MHz c. 2.0 GHz d. 2.0 MHz Answers 1-a, 2-b. 3-a, 4-a, 5-b, 6-c 10.8 REFERENCES Reference Books ● Khoshafian, et al. (1990). Object orientation: Concepts, Languages, Databases. New York: John Wiley & Sons ● Thornsby, J. (May 2016). Android UI Design. Packt Publishing. 242 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

● Morris, J. (Feb 2011). Android User Interface Development - Beginner’s Guide. UK. Packt Publishing Websites • https://enos.itcollege.ee/~jpoial/allalaadimised/reading/Android-UI-Design.pdf • https://www.techotopia.com/index.php/Understanding_Android_Views,_View_Gr oups_and_Layouts • https://www.tutorialspoint.com/software_architecture_design/user_interface.htm • https://www.wideskills.com/android/building-user-interface/listening-to-ui- notifications-in-android • https://developer.android.com/guide/fragments/lifecycle 243 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

UNIT - 11: DATA STORAGE-1 Structure 11.0. Learning Objectives 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Internal / External Storage 11.3. Shared Preference 11.4. Summary 11.5. Keywords 11.6. Learning Activity 11.7. Unit End Questions 11.8. References 11.0 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, you will be able to: • Explain various ways of storing data • Describe how data stored internally • Explain how data stored externally • Describe the use of shared preferences • Brief Setting up shared preferences 11.1 INTRODUCTION Android Storage Model is confusing. There is not anything easy or truthful approximately it, in particular in case you are new to software improvement and the handiest enjoy which you own with documents and record structures comes from operating with easy APIs furnished via way of means of your programming language of choice. However, the storage version on Android wasn’t continually this complex. Back withinside the historical day’s Android packages should do something they wanted, they might get right of entry to outside garage freely while not having to invite for examine or write permissions. But over the years, as person privateness has grown to be a concern, the version has developed in complexity. First matters first, what's External Storage? And how is it distinct from Internal garage? Strictly from the factor of view of a developer, searching for the precise places of Internal or External garage for your device’s disk is an workout in futility, due to the fact as a developer you do now no longer want hardcoded paths (e.g /sdcard or /data ) to their places to be able to be capable of use them. The professional Android documentation on garage presents no rationalization approximately the term ‘Internal garage’ and it handiest references outside 244 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

garage whilst speaking approximately detachable volumes as being part of it. However, in case you examine the ‘Note’ furnished at the documentation of this now deprecated approach getExternalStorageDirectory(), you would possibly start to benefit a few concept approximately outside garage. 11.2 INTERNAL / EXTERNAL STORAGE Android Internal Storage We are capable of keep or study information from the device's inner memory. FileInputStream and FileOutputStream training are used to study and write information into the file.Here, we're going to study and write information to the inner storage of the device. Reading/ writing data to the android internal storage activity_main.xml File: activity_main.xml <RelativeLayout xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\" xmlns:tools=\"http://schemas.android.com/tools\" android:layout_width=\"match_parent\" android:layout_height=\"match_parent\" tools:context=\".MainActivity\" > <EditText android:id=\"@+id/editText1\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignParentRight=\"true\" android:layout_alignParentTop=\"true\" android:layout_marginRight=\"20dp\" android:layout_marginTop=\"24dp\" android:ems=\"10\" > <requestFocus /> 245 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

</EditText> <EditText android:id=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignRight=\"@+id/editText1\" android:layout_below=\"@+id/editText1\" android:layout_marginTop=\"24dp\" android:ems=\"10\" /> <TextView android:id=\"@+id/textView1\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignBaseline=\"@+id/editText1\" android:layout_alignBottom=\"@+id/editText1\" android:layout_alignParentLeft=\"true\" android:text=\"File Name:\" /> <TextView android:id=\"@+id/textView2\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignBaseline=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_alignBottom=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_alignParentLeft=\"true\" android:text=\"Data:\" /> <Button 246 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

android:id=\"@+id/button1\" 247 android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignLeft=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_below=\"@+id/editText2\" android:layout_marginLeft=\"70dp\" android:layout_marginTop=\"16dp\" android:text=\"save\" /> <Button android:id=\"@+id/button2\" android:layout_width=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\" android:layout_alignBaseline=\"@+id/button1\" android:layout_alignBottom=\"@+id/button1\" android:layout_toRightOf=\"@+id/button1\" android:text=\"read\" /> </RelativeLayout> Activity class //write and read data from the internal storage. File: MainActivity.java package example.jst.com.internalstorage; import android.content.Context; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.Toast; CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

import java.io.BufferedReader; 248 import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { EditText editTextFileName,editTextData; Button saveButton,readButton; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); editTextFileName=findViewById(R.id.editText1); editTextData=findViewById(R.id.editText2); saveButton=findViewById(R.id.button1); readButton=findViewById(R.id.button2); //Performing Action on Read Button saveButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){ @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { String filename=editTextFileName.getText().toString(); String data=editTextData.getText().toString(); FileOutputStream fos; try { CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

fos = openFileOutput(filename, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); //default mode is PRIVATE, can be APPEND etc. fos.write(data.getBytes()); fos.close(); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),filename + \" saved\", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} } }); //Performing Action on Read Button readButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){ @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { String filename=editTextFileName.getText().toString(); StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer(); try { //Attaching BufferedReader to the FileInputStream by the help of InputStreamRe ader BufferedReader inputReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( openFileInput(filename))); String inputString; //Reading data line by line and storing it into the stringbuffer 249 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

while ((inputString = inputReader.readLine()) != null) { stringBuffer.append(inputString + \"\\n\"); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //Displaying data on the toast Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),stringBuffer.toString(),Toast.LENGTH_LO NG).show(); } }); } } Output: Figure 11.1. Internal Storage Output 250 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)