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BA/B.Com/BBA/B.Sci.TTM 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS Course Code: BBA104/BCM104/BTT104/BAQ102 Semester: First e-Lesson: 2 SLM Unit: 2 www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101)

COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS 33 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES Student will be able to summarize key events in To develop an intuitive sense of how the history of computers computer work and how they can be used to make work more efficient. Student will be able to list key players in the Students will be able to create technical and history of computers complex spreadsheets for data analysis. Student will be able understand deference among various generations Understanding of introductory formatting techniques and presentation styles. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BQT1T0110/4B/TBTA1Q041) 01) INASTllITrUigThEtOaFreDrISeTsAeNrvCeEdAwNiDthOCNUL-IINDEOLLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > Computer Basics : Generations of Computer > Characteristics of generation > Comparison chart www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Generation of Computers 5 Based on the characteristics of various computers developed from time to time, they are categorized as generation of computers. Generation of Computers First Second Third Fourth Fifth Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

First Generation Computers 6 Time Period : 1951 to 1959 Size : Very Large System Technology : Vacuum Tubes Processing : Very Slow Characterized By:- • Magnetic Drums • Magnetic Tapes • Difficult to program • Used machine language & assembly language https://www.slideshare.net/RajatMore/ generations-of-computer-14065948/1 www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

CHARACTERSTICS 7 ➢ First generation computers were based on vacuum tubes. ➢ The operating systems of the first generation computers were very slow. ➢ They were very large in size. ➢ Production of the heat was in large amount in first generation computers. ➢ Machine language was used for programming. ➢ First generation computers were unreliable. ➢ They were difficult to program and use. https://www.slideshare.net/KoolXah/generation- of-computers-76418835?qid=28a13798-6c2f- 45fb-9d3e- 1f9c8d6ac0e2&v=&b=&from_search=3 www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Second Generation Computers 8 Time Period : 1959 to 1963 Size : Smaller Technology : Transistors Processing : Faster Characterized By:- • Magnetic Cores • Magnetic Disk • Used high level language • Easier to program https://www.slideshare.net/RajatMore/generations-of- computer-14065948/1 www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

CHARACTERSTICS 9 ➢ Transistors were used in place of vacuum tubes. ➢ Second generation computers were smaller in comparison with the first generation computers. ➢ They were faster in comparison with the first generation computers. ➢ They generated less heat and were less prone to failure. ➢ They took comparatively less computational time. https://www.slideshare.net/KoolXah/gener ➢ Assembly language was used for programming. ation-of-computers- 76418835?qid=28a13798-6c2f-45fb-9d3e- 1f9c8d6ac0e2&v=&b=&from_search=3 www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Third Generation Computers 10 Time Period : 1963 to 1975 Technology: ICs (Integrated Circuits) Incorporated many transistors & electronic circuits on a single chip Size : Small as compared to 2nd generation computers Processing : Faster then 2nd generation computers Characterized by:- • Minicomputers accessible by multiple users from remote terminals. https://www.slideshare.net/RajatMore/generations -of-computer-14065948/1 www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

CHARACTERSTICS 11 ➢ IC was used instead of transistors in the third generation computers. ➢ Third generation computers were smaller in size and cheaper as compare to the second generation computers. ➢ They were fast and more reliable. ➢ High level language was developed. ➢ Magnetic core and solid states as main storage. https://www.slideshare.net/Kool ➢ They were able to reduce computational time and had low maintenance cost. Xah/generation-of-computers- ➢ Input/Output devices became more sophisticated. 76418835?qid=28a13798-6c2f- 45fb-9d3e- 1f9c8d6ac0e2&v=&b=&from_sea rch=3 www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Fourth Generation Computers Time Peri:od 1975 to Today 12 Technolog: y VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) Incorporated many millions of transistors & electronic circuits on a single chip Size: Small as compared to first generation computer Processing: Faster then first generation computer Characterized by: The personal computer and user friendly micro-programs, very fast processor chip high level language, OOP (Object Oriented Programming) https://www.slideshare.net/RajatMore/generations-of- computer-14065948/1 www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

CHARACTERSTICS 13 ➢ The fourth generation computers have microprocessor-based systems. ➢ They are the cheapest among all the computer generation. ➢ The speed, accuracy and reliability of the computers were improved in fourth generation computers. ➢ Many high-level languages were developed in the fourth generation such as https://www.slideshare.net/KoolXah COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL and C language. /generation-of-computers- 76418835?qid=28a13798-6c2f-45fb- ➢ A Further refinement of input/output devices was developed. 9d3e- 1f9c8d6ac0e2&v=&b=&from_search ➢ Networking between the systems was developed. =3 www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Fifth Generation Computers 14 Time Period : Future Technology Technology : AI (Artificial Intelligence) https://www.slideshare.net/RajatMore/generations-of- https://www.slideshare.net/RajatMore/generations-of- computer-14065948/1 computer-14065948/1 www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

CHARACTERSTICS 15 ➢ The 5th generation computer uses super large scale integrated chips. ➢ They have artificial intelligence. ➢ Fifth generation computer aims to be able to solve highly complex problem including decision making, logical reasoning. ➢ 5th generation computers are intended to be able to work with natural languages. ➢ They are able to use more than one CPU in a faster way. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) https://www.slideshare.net/KoolX ah/generation-of-computers- 76418835?qid=28a13798-6c2f- 45fb-9d3e- 1f9c8d6ac0e2&v=&b=&from_sea rch=3 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Comparison between generations 16 of computers http://educationsight.blogspot.com/2016/11/generation-of-computer-with-help-of-table.html www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Comparison between generations 17 of computers https://www.slideshare.net/pjpranavan/the-generation-of-computer www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Multiple Choice Questions 1) First generation computers were based on___________. 18 A. Microprocessor C. transistors B. Vacuum tubes D. None of the above 2) GUI stands for________ C. Both A & D A. Graphical Unit Interface D. Graphical User Interface B. Geographical Unit Intercom 3) Assembly language was used for programming in__________. A. First Generation Computer C. Second Generation Computer B. Fourth Generation Computer D. Third Generation Computer 4) High-level languages developed in the fourth generation are: A. COBOL C. All A,B & D B. PASCAL D. C Language Answers:1)B. 2)D. 3)C. 4)C. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY 19 ➢Computers developed from time to time, they are categorized as generation of computers. ➢ First generation computers were based on vacuum tubes. ➢ The operating systems of the first generation computers were very slow. ➢ They were very large in size. ➢ Production of the heat was in large amount in first generation computers. ➢ Machine language was used for programming. ➢ First generation computers were unreliable. ➢ They were difficult to program and use. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Question1: In how many generations Computers can be categorized? 20 Answer: Based on the characteristics of various computers developed from time to time, they are categorized as generation of computers. 1.First Generation Computer 4.Fourth Generation Computer 2.Second Generation Computer 5.Fifth Generation Computer.(For more details refer to SLM) 3.Third Generation Computer Question2: What is the full form of VLSI? How can you define it. Answer: The full form of VLSI is Very Large Scale Integration. VLSI is the process by which integrated circuits (ICs) are created by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. Question3: What are the main characteristics of Fifth Generation Computer? Answer: The 5th generation computer uses super large scale integrated chips. ▪ They have artificial intelligence. ▪ Fifth generation computer aims to be able to solve highly complex problem including decision making, logical reasoning. ▪ 5th generation computers are intended to be able to work with natural languages. ▪ They are able to use more than one CPU in a faster way. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFRENCES 21 Text Books: 1. French C.S., (1998).Data Processing and Information Technology.New Delhi:BPB Publications . 2. Sinha P.K.(1992).Computer Fundamentals.New Delhi:BPB Publications. Reference Books: 1. Davis,H.(1998). The ABCs of Microsoft Office 97 Professional edition.New Delhi:BPB Publications. www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

22 THANK YOU www.cuidol.in Unit-2(BBA104/BCM 104/BTT104/BAQ 101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL