CU-BSC.TTM-SEM-IV-Travel Documentation and Formalities-Second Draft

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE TRAVEL AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT SEMESTER-IV TRAVEL DOCUMENTATION AND FORMALITIES

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY Institute of Distance and Online Learning SLM Development Committee Prof. (Dr.) H.B. Raghvendra Vice- Chancellor, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab:Chairperson Prof. (Dr.) S.S. Sehgal Registrar Prof. (Dr.) B. Priestly Shan Dean of Academic Affairs Dr. Nitya Prakash Director – IDOL Dr. Gurpreet Singh Associate Director –IDOL Advisors& Members of CIQA –IDOL Prof. (Dr.) Bharat Bhushan, Director – IGNOU Prof. (Dr.) Majulika Srivastava, Director – CIQA, IGNOU Editorial Committee Prof. (Dr) Nilesh Arora Dr. Ashita Chadha University School of Business University Institute of Liberal Arts Dr. Inderpreet Kaur Prof. Manish University Institute of Teacher Training & University Institute of Tourism & Hotel Management Research Dr. Manisha Malhotra Dr. Nitin Pathak University Institute of Computing University School of Business © No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any formor by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise without the prior written permission of the authors and the publisher. SLM SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR CU IDOL STUDENTS 2 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

First Published in 2021 All rights reserved. No Part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from Chandigarh University. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this book may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. This book is meant for educational and learning purpose. The authors of the book has/have taken all reasonable care to ensure that the contents of the book do not violate any existing copyright or other intellectual property rights of any person in any manner whatsoever. In the event the Authors has/ have been unable to track any source and if any copyright has been inadvertently infringed, please notify the publisher in writing for corrective action. 3 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

CONTENT Unit - 1: Introduction To Travel Documents.......................................................................... 5 Unit - 2: Introduction Of Visa ............................................................................................. 27 Unit - 3: Types Of Visa ....................................................................................................... 43 Unit - 4: Permits.................................................................................................................. 55 Unit - 5: Customs Regulations............................................................................................. 81 Unit - 6: Prohibited And Restricted Articles ...................................................................... 134 Unit -7: Emigration And Immigration .............................................................................. 157 Unit - 8: Health Regulations And Yellow Fever Vaccine................................................... 173 Unit - 9: Bureau Of Civil Aviation Security ...................................................................... 193 Unit - 10: Documents Required For Special Category Of Passengers ................................ 207 4 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

UNIT - 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRAVEL DOCUMENTS STRUCTURE 1.0 Learning Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Passport 1.3 Types of Passports 1.4 Air Ticket 1.5 VISA 1.6 Travel Insurance 1.7 Forex 1.8 Travel Itinerary and Accommodation 1.9 Conclusions 1.10 Summary 1.11 Keywords 1.12 Learning Activity 1.13 Unit End Questions 1.14 References 1.0LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, you will be able to:  Describe whata Travel Document is.  Explains the Necessary travel documents for international travel  State the need of Travel Documents  List the various types of Travel documents. 1.1INTRODUCTION As part of their border control policies, many nations impose differing travel document laws and requirements, which may differ depending on the method of transportation used by the passenger. For example, while people travelling by land or most vessels are not subject to border control, travellers departing by air must have a valid passport (or some specific pamphlets). Despite the fact that voyagers probably won't be needed to have a visa to enter a

specific country, they will be needed to have a legitimate identification (booklet just, U.S. Identification Card not acknowledged) to withdraw the United States to fulfill U.S. migration specialists. Canada requires any Canadian Permanent Residents entering the country via air to utilize their Permanent Resident Card or an exceptional report approving their return. No such prerequisite is forced on an extremely durable occupant entering via land or ocean. Canadian residents are restricted from utilizing an unfamiliar visa to enter the country. Different nations, remembering most nations for Western Europe and China, license (or for China's situation expect) residents to use public character cards to clear migration when going between nearby purviews. As a result of off-kilter line circumstances made by the fall of the Soviet Union, certain previous individuals from the USSR and their neighbors require not many or no movement records for explorers traveling across global limits between two focuses in a solitary country. For example, Russia licenses vehicles to travel across the Saatse Boot between the Estonian towns of Lutepää and Sesniki with no boundary control given that they don't stop. Comparable arrangements are made for the issuance of Facilitated Rail Transit Documents by Schengen Area individuals for movement between Kaliningrad Oblast and the Russian central area. Every vacationer should convey the legitimate travel reports while going into unfamiliar nations or limited regions in their own nations. The preparing of movement records includes some specialized conventions that by and large require some investment for travel planners to get them given in the interest of customers or clients. Travel planners are approved to manage travel records with approved cash exchangers, unfamiliar department workplaces, visa workplaces, personal duty workplaces, protection office and so forth Travel documentations are handled for customers and clients before their affirmation for buying bundle visit. There was not a different office to orchestrate the vital travel reports in the travel service. Presently, travel records incorporate identification, visa, money testament or underwriting of cash in the identification, travel protection, personal duty articulations, wellbeing endorsements, and so forth Travel planners ought to have encountered staff to deal with the movement records. It is basically significant for bunch travel that issuance of all movement records should be done much before the beginning of visit. Travel planners or visit administrators gather handling expenses and it presently comprises a significant wellspring of income. This exercise will introduce the preparing of travel t documentation as a significant capacity of travel planners and visit administrators. Indian Identity Certificate Members of the huge Tibetan exile community are issued Identity Certificates by the Indian government. Identity certificates are usually granted at the request of the Dalai Lama's 6 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Tibetan government in exile, which is based in Dharamsala, India. Although it is not a machine readable document, it is recognised as a substitute for a passport in most nations' border control laws. When a Tibetan residing in India receives a passport, it is generally marked as valid for return to India, exempting the holder from needing a visa to pass through Indian border controls upon re-entry. Non-citizen resident The US re-entry permit is a travel document for permanent residents issued on request. U.S. Green Card issued to all permanent residents. Figure- 1.1 Japan re-entry permit issued to Japanese North Koreans and other stateless permanent residents of Japan 7 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Some countries issue travel documents to permanent residents (i.e. foreign citizens permitted to reside there indefinitely) or other non-citizens, usually for re-entry but also occasionally valid for international travel. A document like this is the United States Re-entry Permit. It is provided to lawful permanent residents who are temporarily expatriating overseas and is valid for international travel. This document, unlike the “Green Card” granted to all permanent residents, is not required. The United States' \"Green Card,\" whether used alone or in combination with a passport, is valid for international travel, though not to the same extent as the passport. Both documents can be used to pass through US border controls regardless of the bearer's nationality, resulting in the US not requiring permanent residents to have a passport from their home country to remain lawfully present or enter the country.Singapore issues permanent residents with national identity cards in the same way as citizens do, but any permanent resident travelling abroad must also have a valid electronic re-entry permit as well as a passport or other travel document from their home country. In lieu of a passport, Singapore permanent citizens who are stateless are issued booklet-form Certificates of Identity. Indonesia issues the Paspor Orang Asing to its stateless permanent residents. Non-citizens in Latvia and Estonia are individuals, primarily of Russian or Ukrainian ethnicity, who are not citizens of Latvia or Estonia but whose families have lived in the region since the Soviet era, and who thus have the right to a special non-citizen passport issued by the government as well as certain other rights. Ethnic Russians account for almost two-thirds of them, followed by ethnic Belarussians, ethnic Ukrainians, ethnic Poles, and ethnic Lithuanians. The UN Special Rapporteur on Xenophobia has labelled this type of legal discrimination as xenophobic. Permanent residents in Hong Kong and Macau, including individuals without Chinese citizenship, are issued permanent resident cards. They also issue the Hong Kong Document of Identity for Visa Purposes and the Macau Travel Permit to stateless permanent residents and Chinese citizens temporarily staying in the region who do not have permanent residence in Hong Kong or Macau or mainland residency status. North Koreans in Japan are also awarded a Japan re-entry permit for foreign travel. National identity cards and birth certificates Certain jurisdictions allow national identity cards to be used to bypass border controls. Indian nationals can use national voter ID cards, ration cards, or national identity cards when travelling between India and Nepal or Bhutan, for example. If they wish to travel beyond the city limits, Indian citizens can get identity slips at the Indian embassy in Phuentsholing, as Phuentsholing, Bhutan's financial hub, is de facto within India's visa and customs area. 8 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Citizens of Nepal and Bhutan can use comparable documents to go to India. The birth certificate can be used by children. Passport cards, a type of voluntary identity card issued to US citizens, can be used to travel within North America. Under rare circumstances, children with Canadian or US citizenship may travel to and from Canada using birth certificates. Many Mercosur countries in South America allow travel using identity cards on a reciprocal basis. Traveling with an identity card is very frequent in western Europe for citizens of the European Economic Area and neighboring areas. This includes travel to and from Turkey for citizens of other Western European countries. There are limited border restrictions and national identity checks within the Schengen Area. Chinese Travel Document Figure 1.2Chinese Travel Document The Chinese Government requires certain people to enter the mainland using a Chinese Travel Document. Some cases include:  When it is \"inconvenient\", \"unnecessary\", or not permitted to issue a People's Republic of China passport to Chinese nationals.  Chinese nationals residing in Mainland China who lost their passport while travelling abroad may apply for this document as an emergency passport for returning to China.  Chinese nationals who are permanent residents of Hong Kong and Macau intending to enter Mainland China directly from other countries without a Home Return Permit.  Residents of the Taiwan area[l] intending to enter Mainland China or Hong Kong directly from other countries, who are Chinese nationals according to Chinese law. Travelling to Hong Kong, however, requires a separate application for a visa-like entry permit. 9 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

 Chinese nationals born abroad who acquired Chinese nationality at birth in accordance with the Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China through jus sanguinis. The Chinese Travel Document is issued as a Chinese identification and travel document.  Chinese nationals born in China who do not have a Hukou in China and who have exited China using an exit permit. This could include a person who holds a non- Chinese passport. Domestic Travel Passengers must be in possession of a Valid Ticket issued in his / her name along with any of the following Valid Photo Identity Documents in original* for entry into the Airport and travel.  Passport,  Voter Photo Identity card issued by Election Commission of India,  Aadhaar or m-Aadhaar issued by Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI),  PAN Card issued by Income Tax Department,  Driving License issued by RTO,  Service Photo Identity Card issued by Central / State Government, Public Sector Undertakings, local bodies or Public Limited Companies,  Student Photo Identity Cards issued by Government Institutions/ Government recognized Educational Institutions,  Nationalized Bank Passbook with attested Photograph,  Pension card / Pension documents having photograph of the passenger,  Disability Photo ID Card / handicapped medical certificate issued by the respective State / UT Governments / Administrations. When an infant or minor is accompanied by a parent or guardian who is travelling and has a valid identity evidence as indicated above, no identity proof is necessary. Unaccompanied minors, on the other hand, must have a valid identity verification, as indicated above. If a passenger is unable to show any of the aforementioned photo identity proofs for good reasons, an Identity Certificate issued by a Group 'A' Gazetted Officer of the Central / State Government on his / her official letterhead with the passenger's photograph duly attested will suffice. International 10 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

For international travel, passengers require to be in possession of valid passport, valid visa and/or entry permits, and health certificates as required. 1.2 PASSPORT A passport is a document issued by a country's government to prove its citizens' identification and nationality. It is used to obtain an overseas travel visa. The name, date of birth, gender, and place of birth are all listed on a passport. In most cases, a passport permits the possessor to present it for identification and return to the country. The right to consular protection is based on international accords, but the right to return is based on the issuing country's legislation. A new passport is given to a person. When an existing passport expires, a new passport is issued. The procedures are the same as when applying for the first time. The Passport is issued by the Consulate. Passport and Visa Division (CPV) of the Ministry of External Affairs, there are about 35 locations in India from where passports are issued and around 160 Indian missions 1.3 TYPES OF PASSPORTS There are three types of passports. Figure 1.3 Different Types of Passports in India These are as follows Regular Passport It is issued for normal travel purposes such as business or vacation. The colour of the passport cover is Navy Blue. Diplomatic Passport It is issued especially for Indian diplomats and top-ranking government officers for visiting overseas for official tours. The colour of this passport cover is Maroon. Official Passport It is issued to those Indian who represent the government for official or business purposes. The colour of this passport cover is White. 11 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Figure 1.4 Different Types of Passports in India Passports and travel documents remain to be invalid to certain countries A foreign country, according to the Central Government's Notification, is one that is engaged in external aggression against India or is helping another country that is engaged in external aggression against India; or a country where military conflicts are ongoing. Travel to those nations must be prohibited in the public interest because it would jeopardize the Indian government's ability to conduct foreign affairs. Procedures to apply passport 12 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Figure 1.5 the Indian Passport Passport Application Procedures The passport can be obtained at the Passport Office or at one of the District Passport Centers. The applicant can also apply for a passport by filling out an online application. The application must be completed and registered online. This application must be completed entirely by hand. At the passport office, the application form, along with the fee, passport-size pictures, and other papers, must be provided. When enrolling for a passport, you must provide the date and time you plan to visit the passport office. Enclosure of Documents for Issue of Passport For the adult of general categories ` 1,000/- shall be deposited along with the form towards the processing fee of passport. a) To be Filled-in Form 1 b) To be Filled-in two personal particulars forms. If the applicant stays more than one address during the last one year, fill-in those many set of personal particular forms 1. c) To be furnished the proof of residence. One must submit one more proof of residence if only ration card is provided. d) The Birth Certificate must be issued from the Competent Authority (Born after 26- 01- 1989) and must be furnished along with the form. e) The proof of 10th pass certificate must be enclosed for Emigration Certificate Not Required (ECNR). If the applicant is a Government/Public Sector Undertaking/Statutory Body Employee, they must provide two additional documents: Identity Certificate and Notarized Affidavit. Issue of Passport under the Tatkal Scheme ` 1,500/- must be deposited in addition to the normal fee ` 1000/ if it is to be issued with 1-7 days. An additional ` 1,000/- must be deposited in addition to normal fee if passport is to be issued within 8-14 days. For Children of General Categories Fees If a child is less than 15 years, the amount of fee is ` 600/-and if more than 15 years it is ` 1,000/ up to 18 years +. Documents required as mentioned above from (a) to (d) and e) The copy of the parents’ passport copies (first 4 pages and last 4 pages). f) Documents of marital status of parents. Regulations applicable to foreigners in India The extant Acts dealing with entry, stay and exit of foreigner nationals in the country are: i) Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920. 13 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

ii) Foreigners Act, 1946. iii) Registration of Foreigners Act, 1939. Arrival formalitiesEvery person entering India by air, land or sea is required to complete the disembarkation or embarkation card (D/E card) Performa as given in Form ‘D’ of Registration of Foreigners Rules, 1992. Residential Permit Residential permit is issued at the time of registration. Permits validity and the period of stay are specified in the visa. For extension of the Residential Permit, application should be submitted at least two months before its expiry to the nearest Registration Officer in the prescribed form. Departure FormalitiesEvery registered foreigner about to leave India must surrender his or her registration certificates to the Registration Officer of the place where the foreigner is registered, or the Registration Officer of the place from which the foreigner intends to depart, or to the Immigration Officer at the port or check post of exit from India. A receipt indicating the surrender of the certificate to any authority other than the Immigration Officer of the post or check post of exit may be obtained and shown to the Immigration Officer if the certificate is surrendered to any authority other than the Immigration Officer of the post or check post of exit. 1.4 AIR TICKET 14 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Figure 1.6 An Air ticket Booking flight tickets are something that you need to think about early. If you are travelling to a well-known tourist spot and it is peak time, chances are that flight ticket rates would be very high. Booking in advance will help to get the tickets at a cheaper rate. Carry a copy of your confirmed air ticket while you travel just in case the original is lost. If the return trip is booked, carry a copy of it as well as it can be asked to be produced at the immigration of certain countries. To apply for a visa, you'll need a confirmed onward and return flying ticket. However, if your visa application is denied for some reason, your plane tickets would be squandered (and so will your money). As a result, it is preferable to purchase a Refundable Cancellable Ticket. They're a little pricey, and even if you cancel, you might not receive your money returned in full (This depends on how early you cancel it). So, see if purchasing a refundable, cancellable flight ticket is an option, and familiarise yourself with the terms and circumstances. 15 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

1.5 VISA Figure 1.7 a Visa Visa is a small stamp that provides conditional permission for entering a country for a specific period of time. There are countries that grant visa-on-arrival. So check if the country you are planning to visit has visa-on-entry for your passport. If not, apply for a tourist visa for that country. Visa application needs some time to get processed so it is better to apply for it at the earliest. Visas are related with a request for permission to enter a territory and are thus distinct from legal approval for an alien to enter and reside in the country in most countries. A visa is subject to approval by an immigration official at the time of actual entry in each case, and it can be cancelled at any time. The most typical type of visa evidence is a sticker endorsed in the applicant's passport or other travel document, but it can also be provided electronically. Some countries no longer issue physical visas, instead relying on immigration systems to store information. Historically, immigration officials had the authority to allow or deny travellers admission at the border. If allowed admission, the official would issue a visa, which would be a stamp in a passport, if one was required. Travelers who intend to enter another nation today must frequently apply in advance for a visa, which can be done in person at a consular office, via mail, or over the internet. The modern visa can take the form of a passport sticker or stamp, an electronic record of authorization, or a separate document that the applicant can print before leaving home and present upon arrival in the visited region. Visitors to some nations are not required to apply for a visa in advance. 16 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Visa applications in advance of arrival give countries a chance to consider the applicant's circumstances, such as financial security, reason for travel, and details of previous visits to the country. Visitors may also be required to undergo and pass security or health checks upon arrival at the port of entry. Some countries that restrict emigration require citizens to have an exit visa in order to leave. Depending on the regulations of the country in question, citizens, foreigners, or both may be required to get exit visas. Exit visas, unlike regular visas, are frequently viewed as an illegitimate restriction on people's freedom of travel. The demand of an exit visa may be considered as a violation of customary international law, as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees the right to leave any country. Uniquely, the Norwegian special territory of Svalbard is an entirely visa-free zone under the terms of the Svalbard Treaty. Some countries—such as those in the Schengen Area—have agreements with other countries allowing each other's citizens to travel between them without visas. The World Tourism Organization announced that the number of tourists requiring a visa before travelling was at its lowest level ever in 2015 1.6 TRAVEL INSURANCE 17 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Figure 1.8 Travel Insurance What is Travel Insurance meaning? Travel insurance is a sort of insurance that protects you against a variety of dangers while you're on the road. It pays for medical expenditures, lost luggage, flight cancellations, and other misfortunes that a traveller may face while on the road. Travel insurance is often purchased from the time of departure until the traveller returns to India. Purchasing Travel Insurance ensures complete coverage in the event of an emergency while visiting another nation. Travel insurance is also offered for travels taken in the traveler’s native nation, such as Bharat Bhraman& E Travel, but it is a more popular option for journeys taken outside of the country. Some of the risks covered under Travel Insurance are: Personal Accident Cover, which covers:  Insured’s Death  Permanent Total Disability  Accident & sickness medical expense reimbursement  Dental treatment relief  Emergency evacuation  Repatriation of remains in case of death  Baggage delay  Loss of checked baggage  Loss of passport  Flight delay  Hijack  Home burglary  Trip curtailment  Trip cancellation  Missed connection/missed departure  Bounced hotel/airline booking There may be more risks covered under individual policies depending on the requirements of the traveller. The amounts to which these risks are covered depends on the policy & plan that 18 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

the traveller opts for. Travel Insurance also covers additional risks at an additional premium. Some of these risks are specific to the traveller or the place the person is travelling to. Types of Travel Insurance: Single trip travel insurance policies are designed for a single journey. There is, however, the option of purchasing a multi-trip Travel Insurance for frequent travellers who travel abroad on business. Some insurance cover repeated journeys to the same destination over the course of a year. For businessmen and frequent travellers to a certain location, such insurance are far more cost effective. We also have student rules that are specifically created for students who are going abroad to study at a low cost. The tour can take anywhere between 30 and 60 days. Another type of travel policy is a group Travel Insurance policy. A group policy covers 7 or more travellers. These policies are cost effective and offer similar benefits as single trip Travel Insurance policies. Group Travel Insurance policies are based on the age of the travellers which means it works out more cost effective per traveller. Most travel companies opt for group Travel Insurance policies when they take groups across different countries on tours. 1.7 FOREX CARD/ FOREIGN CURRENCY: A forex card is your best friend on your travels abroad. It is the easiest way to carry foreign currency and pay for expenses on your overseas trips. Think of a forex card as a prepaid travel card that you can load with a foreign currency of your choice. You can use a forex card just like a credit or debit card to pay for your expenses in a local currency abroad. You can withdraw local cash from an ATM. With a forex card in your wallet, you need not carry wads of cash on your sight-seeing trips in a new country. Forex cards are considered one of the safest ways to carry money on your international travels. Easily pay for entry tickets, rail and bus passes, taxis, restaurant bills, shopping etc with a swipe or a wave of your forex card. What are the different types of forex card? There are two types of forex cards: multicurrency forex cards and single currency forex cards. A single currency card has limited uses and using it in another currency will result in increased cross-currency fees. A multicurrency card that can hold up to 23 different currencies and can be used all around the world. You can also use prepaid Net Banking to move funds from one currency to another whenever you want, for example, if you're travelling two countries with different currencies. If you are a student, you can opt for, which works as a global student identity card as well as an easy way to pay for your expenses. 19 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

What is a contactless forex card? A contactless card lets you make payments for your purchases at retail outlets simply by waving or tapping at the payment terminal. It is a safer and more convenient way to pay because your card does not need to leave your hand. What are the benefits of a forexcard? A forex card comes with several benefits. It’s the cheapest way of carrying and paying in foreign currency internationally; it’s safer than cash; cheaper than other cards and convenient as credit or debit cards; you can use it for multiple trips; and you get to enjoy special privileges and discounts wherever you go. To know more about forex card benefits, Figure 1.9 Forex Card 20 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

1.8 PROOF OF TRAVEL ITINERARY/ ACCOMODATION Figure 1.10 Hotel Booking When on a tourist visa, or for countries with visa-on-arrival, most of the countries ask for accommodation proof at the immigration counter. A copy of the hotel booking or the invitation of a relative or friend who resides there will be fine. Travelling is a wonderful adventure and to do it in a responsible way will ensure a good and meaningful experience. So, before you head out, make sure you have these essential travel documents in hand. 1.9 CONCLUSION Valid travel documents are required for hassle-free travel within the country and to other countries. The processing of travel documents takes its own time, and people are subjected to undue delays as a result of technological requirements. As a result, the necessity for travel agents arose a century ago to make travel more comfortable and to ensure that clients or customers had travel documents from the appropriate authority. Money exchangers, foreign consulate offices, passport offices, income tax offices, insurance offices, and other entities have authorised travel agents to file appropriate documentation on their behalf. Clients and customers' travel documents are processed before they are confirmed. The International Air Transport Association is the governing body that authorizes travel agents to offer international airline tickets. According to airline agreements, travel agencies are authorised to issue tickets to passengers and collect the cost. This has shown to be a viable method of raising ticket sales and assisting airlines in filling plane seats. The commission for ticket sales is paid out quarterly, and the Billing Settlement Plan is used to provide fortnightly payments for ticket sales (BSP). It was a lucrative and appealing profession, and each travel agent's goal was to obtain IATA accreditation. 1.10 SUMMARY  Each tourist must carry the valid travel documents while travelling into foreign countries or restricted areas in their own countries. 21 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

 Travel agents are authorized to deal with travel documents with authorized money exchangers, foreign consulate offices, passport offices, income tax offices, insurance office etc  A passport is a document, issued by a national government for the purpose of the identity and nationality of its citizens. It is used for obtaining visa for international travel.  Booking flight tickets are something that you need to think about early. If you are travelling to a well-known tourist spot and it is peak time, chances are that flight ticket rates would be very high. Booking in advance will help to get the tickets at a cheaper rate.  Visa is a small stamp that provides conditional permission for entering a country for a specific period of time. There are countries that grant visa-on-arrival. So check if the country you are planning to visit has visa-on-entry for your passport. If not, apply for a tourist visa for that country. Visa application needs some time to get processed so it is better to apply for it at the earliest.  Travel Insurance is a type of insurance that covers different risks while travelling. It covers medical expenses, lost luggage, flight cancellations, and other losses that a traveller can incur while travelling.  Travelling is a wonderful adventure and to do it in a responsible way will ensure a good and meaningful experience. So before you head out, make sure you have these essential travel documents in hand. 1.11 KEYWORD  Yellow Fever -Yellow Fever is the only vaccination specifically required. Vaccination is required when traveling to a country that requires an ICVP stating that the holder has been vaccinated against yellow fever because the country is at risk from yellow fever transmission or because the traveler has traveled through a country at risk of yellow fever transmission. Risk of yellow fever transmission is defined as yellow fever being currently reported or having been reported in the past and presence of animals or microorganisms representing a potential risk of infection and transmission.  Passports - A passport is an official document issued by a competent public authority to nationals or to alien residents (mostly stateless persons) of the issuing country. Passengers must hold a passport valid for all the countries to or via which they travel, unless: 22 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

 Visa -A visa is an entry in a passport or other travel document made by a (consular) official of a government to indicate that the bearer has been granted authority to enter or re-enter the country concerned.  Nationality -A person's nationality can be established by checking the specific information under nationality or national status in his travel document (e.g. passport or national identity card). In general, permission to enter a country without a visa is based on nationality and not on the country which issued his or her travel document.  Visa validity -The periods during which (transit) visas permit a passenger to stay in a country and the time within which the (transit) visa has to be used and how many times the passenger may enter the country on it, can be found in the (transit) visa section. 1.12LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. What is a travel Document? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the documents required for International Travel? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 1.13UNIT END QUESTIONS A. Descriptive Questions Short Questions 1. What is the meaning of passport? 2. Explain the meaning of different types of passport. 3. Explain the various procedures and enclosure documents for obtaining the passport. 4. What is visa? 5. Explain different types of visa 6. What is temporary land permit? Long Questions 1. List the important documents to enclosures for applying for the passport. 2. Explain various provisions of visa and describe the tourist visa on arrival in India. 23 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

3. Explain the meaning and guidelines for issuing Protected Area Permit (PAP)/Restricted Area Permit (RAP). 4. Explain the various custom rules for an inbound tourist to India. 5. Explain the various currency rules for Indian going abroad or foreign tourists visiting India. 6. Explain about the various health regulations for foreign visitors visiting India. 7. Explain the types of baggage rules and list the items not permitted as accompanying baggage. B. Multiple Choice Questions 1. A passport is a ___________identity of a citizen. a. National b. Foreign c. Office d. Family 2. Which of the following documents may be used instead of a passport? a. A visa b. A health certificates c. A Forex card d. Travel Certificate 3. The Passport for normal travel purpose is a. Diplomat Passport b. Regular Passport c. Official Passport d. Govt. Passport 4. A confirmed onwards and return air ticket is a necessary document to apply for a ____ a. VISA b. Passport c. Emigration d. Travel Insurance 24 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

5. ________ensures a comprehensive coverage in case of any emergency. a. Travel Insurance b. Forex Card c. Visa d. Passport Answers 1-a, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a, 5-a 1.14 REFERENCES Reference books • Bezbarua M.P, Indian Tourism Beyond The Millenium • Burkart&Medlik, Tourism; Past, Present and Future. • Gee, Chuck Y, James C. Makens , Dexter J. L. & Choy, The Travel Industry • Murphy, Peter H, Tourism: A Community Approach Textbooks • Bhatia A.K., Basics of Tourism Management, Sterling Publishers Pvt Delhi, 2010 • Bhatia A.K., The Business of Tourism: Concepts and Strategies, Sterling Publishers Pvt Delhi, 2010 • Inskeep Edward, Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons Inc Publications, New York. • Kumar MisraSuddhendu Narayan and SadualSapan, Basics of Tourism Management, Excel Books. • Nath Dhar Prem, Development of Tourism and Travel Industry: An Indian Perspective, Kanishka Publications, New Delhi. • Prasad VV Vara, Travel & Tourism Management, Sundari VBT Publications. • Sinha R.K., Tourism Strategies, Planning and Development, Common Wealth Publishers • Peter Tarlow, Tourism Security: Strategies for Effective Managing Travel Risk and Safety. Websites 25 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

• https://www.iatatravelcentre.com/international-travel-document- news/1580226297.htm • https://www.iatatravelcentre.com/ • https://www.united.com/ual/en/us/fly/travel/documentation- requirements/international.html • https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/before-you- go/travelers-checklist.html 26 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

UNIT - 2: INTRODUCTION OF VISA STRUCTURE 2.0 Learning Objectives 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Procedures to apply for a Visa 2.3 Visa Guidelines 2.4 Category of Visa 2.5 Documents required for a Visa 2.6 High commission 2.7 Embassy 2.8 Consulate 2.9 Summary 2.10 Keywords 2.11 Learning Activity 2.12 Unit End Questions 2.13 References 2.0LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, you will be able to:  Describe what is a Visa  Identify the different categories of Visa  State the different types of Tourism Planning  Learn the procedures to apply for a Visa. 2.1INTRODUCTION Visa- An Important Travel Document A visa is a document issued by a foreign country's immigration officials that includes a stamp on a passport once the person's credentials have been verified. It allows a person to enter a nation and stay there for a limited time. The application for an Indian visa must be made to the Indian High Commission in the nation where the person desires to go to India. A passport and an Indian visa are required for foreign visitors to India. The duration of the visa is determined by the High Commission's office. The applicant has the option of applying in person or by mail. The Ministry of External Affairs' Consular Passport and Visa Division (CPV) are in charge of issuing visas. 27 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

2.2 PROCEDURES TO APPLY FOR VISA Figure 2.1 Visa Application The applicant may either go in person or apply through the post. The Visa to India is applied to the High Commission of India in the country of the person who wishes to travel to India. Non-resident Indians (NRI) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) do not require a visa to enter India if they possess an Overseas Indian Citizenship (OCI) or a PIO card. This card gives them the freedom to visit India at any time throughout their life. Those NRIs and PIOs do not have this OCI or PIO card can apply for a Visa through the normal procedure. 2.3 VISA GUIDELINES Following documents are required to be submitted for visa: 1. Filled-in visa application Form 2. Additional visa application form to be filled up by Foreign Passport Holders (i) Visa application form must be filled correctly. Incomplete applications and applications with wrong information shall not be processed. (ii) Name and other relevant particulars must be filled in as per the details in the passport. 3. Passport: It should have a minimum validity of six months on the date of application with at least two blank pages. 28 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

4. Photographs: Latest two identical passport size (4”x4”) photographs (black/white or color) depicting front post against light background. 5. Supporting documents: The visa application should be accompanied with supporting documents on type of visa applied for. 6. Visa Fee: There is different fee schedule for the amount of fee, for the different type of visa. Visa fee is accepted only in cash. 2.4 CATEGORY OF VISAS Gratis Visa Figure 2.2 Gratis Visa It is granted to diplomats and officials or UN officials travelling on duty or those travelling to India on invitation of Government of India as its guest. Gratis visa is also granted to those who travel on the scholarship under Cultural Exchange Programmes. Diplomatic/Official/UN Official Visa 29 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Figure 2.3 Visa It is granted to Diplomats or Officials assigned to their countries Missions/Posts in India or Diplomatic or Official or UN passport holders working in UN or international organizations located in India and their spouses or children holding any type of passport are granted diplomatic or official visas Government of India issues the following visas: 1) e-Visa 2) Business Visa 3) Conference Visa 4) Diplomatic Visa 5) Employment Visa 6) Emergency Visa 7) Entry Visa 8) Journalist Visa 9) Medical Visa 10) Missionaries Visa 11) Permit to re-enter within 2 months 12) Research Visa 13) Student Visa 14) Tourist Visa 15) Transit Visa 16) Intern Visa Film Visa Brief description about some of the above visas e-Visa is granted to a foreigner whose sole objective of visiting India is recreation, sightseeing, casual visit to meet friends or relatives, attending a short term yoga programme, medical treatment including treatment under Indian systems of medicine and business purpose and no other purpose/ activity. This facility shall not be available if the person or either of his / her parents or grandparents (paternal or maternal) was born in or was permanently resident in Pakistan. e-Visa facility shall not be available to holders of Diplomatic/Official passports, UNLP (UN Passport) holders and international travel document holders Visa-on-Arrival is granted to a Japanese national who is visiting India for business, tourism, conference and medical purposes. This facility shall not be available to the citizens of Japan 30 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

if the person or either of his / her parents or grandparents (paternal or maternal) was born in or was permanently resident in Pakistan. This facility shall not be available to holders of Diplomatic/Official passports and UN Passport holders having Japanese nationality. A transit visa is granted to a foreigner for the sole purpose of enabling him/ her to travel through India to a destination outside India. A person who desires to make two entries into India in transit in the course of the same journey can be granted a transit visa valid for two entries and for stay in transit for a period not exceeding 3 days for each journey. A Tourist visa is granted to a foreigner whose sole objective of visiting India is recreation, sightseeing, casual visit to meet friends or relatives, attending a short term yoga programme, short duration medical treatment including treatment under Indian systems of medicine etc. and no other purpose/ activity. [Short term yoga programme means a yoga programme not exceeding 6 months duration and not issued with a qualifying certificate/ diploma etc.] A medical visa (MED Visa) is granted to a foreigner whose sole purpose is to seek medical treatment in established/recognized/specialized hospitals/treatment centres in India. In case the 5 foreign national desires to avail of treatment under the Indian systems of medicine, his/her case will also be considered. Project visa is granted to foreign nationals coming to India for execution of projects in the power and steel sectors, subject to the following conditions:- (1) The Visa would be project specific. In no circumstances would the person be allowed to be engaged in another project either of the same company or of a different company. (2) The period of visa would be initially for a period of one year or for the actual duration of the project/ contract, whichever is less, with multiple-entry facility. The visa can be extended for another one year by the State Government/ UT Administration concerned. Any further extension of visa can be granted only by the Ministry of Home Affairs. (3) The Project Visa would be issued only for skilled/highly skilled persons. However, the Missions/Posts may grant visa for not more than two chefs and two interpreters. (4) A person coming on Project Visa will not be allowed to take up employment in the same Indian company for a period of two years from the date of commissioning of the project. (5) The Indian Company engaging the foreign national for executing the project / contract would be responsible for the conduct of the foreign national during his/her stays in India and also for the departure of such foreign national upon expiry of visa. (6) In case the project/contract site falls in the Protected/Restricted Area, the grant of PAP/ RAP should be integrated with the grant of Project Visa. In all such cases, prior clearance of the Ministry of Home Affairs shall be obtained. (7) The foreigner coming on Project Visa will have to register himself/herself with the FRRO/FRO concerned within 14 days of arrival if the validity of visa is for more than 180 days. If the validity of visa is for a period of 180 days or less, registration would not be required. 31 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

A Business visa is granted to a foreigner for the following purposes – (i) Foreign nationals who wish to visit India to establish an industrial/business venture or to explore possibilities to set up an industrial/business venture, other than Proprietorship Firms and Partnership Firms, in India. (ii) Foreign nationals coming to India to purchase/sell industrial products or commercial products or consumer durables. (iii) Foreign nationals coming to India for technical meetings/discussions, attending Board meetings or general meetings for providing business services support. (iv) Foreign nationals coming to India for recruitment of manpower. (v) Foreign nationals who are partners in the business and/or functioning as Directors of the company. (vi) Foreign nationals coming to India for consultations regarding exhibitions or for participation in exhibitions, trade fairs, business fairs etc. (vii) Foreign buyers who come to transact business with suppliers/ potential suppliers at locations in India, to evaluate or monitor quality, give specifications, place orders, negotiate further supplies etc., relating to goods or services procured from India. (viii) Foreign experts/specialists on a visit of short duration in connection with an ongoing project with the objective of monitoring the progress of the work, conducting meetings with Indian customers and/or to provide technical guidance. (ix) Foreign nationals coming to India for pre-sales or post-sales activity not amounting to actual execution of any contract or project. (x) Foreign trainees of multinational companies/corporate houses coming for in-house training in the regional hubs of the concerned company located in India. (xi) Foreign nationals coming as tour conductors and travel agents and / or conducting business tours of foreigners or business relating to it, etc. (xii) Foreign academicians/ experts coming under GIAN (Global Initiative for Academic Networks). (xiii) Crew members of scheduled/ non-scheduled flights operated by scheduled airlines, nonscheduled and chartered flights operated by non-scheduled airlines and special flights. (xiv) Foreign nationals intending to visit India to participate in cultural events/ activities with remuneration. [Such foreign nationals intending to visit India to participate in cultural events/ activities for short duration without remuneration may be granted Entry (X- Misc.) Visa.] (xv) Foreign nationals who are engaged in commercial sports events in India on contract (including coaches) like Indian Premier League, Indian Soccer League, etc. with remuneration. They may be granted ‘B-Sports’ Visa with multiple entry facility for 13 appropriate period. Such a foreign national shall comply with all the statutory obligations like payment of taxes, etc. A Student visa is granted to a foreigner whose sole objective is to pursue on-campus, full time (structured) courses (including English and other language courses and vocational education) at educational institutions (Central/ State Government Educational Institutions & Private Educational Institutions) duly recognized by statutory regulatory body and have acquired statutory authorization to conduct the course(s) complying with GST regulations. The foreigner should produce proof of admission to a full time course in a recognized educational institution in India. In case of admission in a medical or para-medical course, the foreigner should produce a letter of approval or a \" No Objection Certificate\" from the Ministry of Health. The foreigner should be a person of assured financial standing (A letter of 32 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

support from the parent/guardian accompanied by a bank guarantee/ certificate may be accepted for this purpose). The foreigners should also produce evidence of transfer of adequate funds for at least 4 months sustenance in India or produces travelers’ cheques for a similar amount. A Research Visa is issued to a foreign research scholar for a period of 3 years or for the duration of the research project, whichever is earlier. (ii) Research Visa may be extended by FRRO /FRO concerned. The total period of the Visa may be restricted to the duration of the project as approved by the Institute of Affiliation or five years, whichever is less. Such foreign scholars may, if required, also be given extension for a period of not more than six months as the last and final extension even after completion of the project. (iii) Foreign Student Advisers, Administrative Officers or Registrars of educational institutions will report on the first working day of every quarter to the \"concerned Foreigners Regional Registration Office (FRRO)/ Foreigners Registration Office (FRO) concerned confirming that the foreign research scholars are studying in their institutions and indicating any changes of residence. (iv) Those foreign students who are already in India and who wish to pursue research programmes after completing their studies in India would also be dealt with in a similar manner. The FRRO/ FRO concerned may convert a student visa into a research visa if the student can furnish documentary proof of admission in a research programme and of adequate financial resources. (v) In cases which involve research on subjects related to the foreigner's own country, the research scholar will be required to furnish a brief synopsis of the research proposal in about 150 words and giving full justification (including the benefit he/she would get) for doing the research in India. (vi) OCI cardholders would require special permission to undertake research work in India. Such permission may be granted by the Indian Missions/ Posts abroad. In the case of OCI cardholders who are residing in India, the applications may be submitted to the FRRO/ FRO concerned who may grant such permission. (vii) Change of subject or institution of affiliation on Research Visa will not be normally allowed Intern [‘I’] Visa is granted to a foreigner intending to pursue internship in Indian companies, Educational Institutions and NGOs subject to the following conditions:- (1) The period of visa shall be restricted to the duration of the internship programme or one year, whichever is less. (2) Intern visa will be granted to a maximum of 50 interns per year for each Indian Mission/ Post. This limit will be 100 per year for countries where the PIO (Person of Indian Origin) population is more than 1 million. (3) The intern visa will be granted immediately after completion of graduation/ post-graduation but the gap between the completion of graduation/ post-graduation and the commencement of the internship should not be more than two years. 25 (4) Visa should be granted only on the basis of a letter from the Indian company/ educational institution/ NGO concerned sponsoring the foreign national for the internship programme and clearly indicating the period of internship. (5) In case the internship is in a Company, the foreign national being sponsored for internship should draw a 33 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

minimum remuneration of Rs. 7.80 lakhs per annum. There will be no minimum salary limit in the case of internship in Educational institutions and NGOs. (6) Intern visa will not be issued for internship in certain vital sectors like Defence, Telecom, Space Technologies, Construction/ strategic Infrastructure projects, Mining, Civil Aviation, Petroleum & Natural Gas exploration, Private security agencies, Human Rights, Nuclear Energy, Environmental issues and Dams. (7) Foreign nationals granted visa for doing internship will have to register themselves with the FRRO / FRO concerned within 14 days of arrival in India if continuous stay is for more than 180 days. (8) No Intern visa shall be granted to a national of Pakistan. (9) The foreign national will have to exit the country before the expiry of the visa. An undertaking should be obtained from the company/ organization concerned that they will ensure departure of the foreigner on completion of the internship. (10) Under no circumstances, the foreign national will be allowed to take up employment in India immediately after completion of the internship programme. (11) Earnings from internship of the foreign nationals with Indian companies/ Educational Institutions/ NGOs will be subject to the Indian Income Tax Regulations. A Conference visa is granted to a foreigner whose sole objective of visiting India is to attend a conference / seminar or workshop being held in India. Conference visa may be granted for international conferences held to discuss a particular subject or for a seminar or workshop on a specific subject. For Business meetings, to discuss business matters of a particular company/ organization and Board meetings, a foreigner may obtain either a Business Visa or e-Business Visa. Conference Visa shall not be issued for events which involve politically and/ or socially sensitive subjects. Grant of visa to members of sports teams shall be regulated by the following provisions: (i) Invitation to foreign sports teams and sports persons to visit India may be extended by the concerned Sports Federation / Association in India only after obtaining approval of the Government of India in the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (Department of Sports). (ii) The organizer shall submit the proposal for holding the international sports event to the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports for prior clearance. (iii) In respect of following categories of international sports events, Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports (Department of Sports) will refer the proposals with their recommendations to the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of External Affairs for prior clearance at least 30 days prior to the commencement of the event - (a) Events involving participants from the Prior Reference Category (PRC) countries i.e. Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Sudan, foreigners of Pakistani origin and Stateless persons (b) Events where participants are required to visit 'Restricted' or 'Protected' areas in India, Jammu & Kashmir and the North Eastern States (other than the States of Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland). In such cases, the Indian Missions/ Posts shall issue visa to the participants only on production of - (i) requisite clearance from the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, (ii) clearance for holding the event from the Ministry of Home Affairs and (iii) political clearance for holding the event from the Ministry of External Affairs. (iv) 34 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Participants from the countries specified above are required to apply for visa at the Indian Mission/ Post concerned ‘online’. (v) Sports teams and sports persons shall be granted “X- SP” Visa for appropriate duration A journalist Visa is granted to:- (i) A foreigner who is a professional journalist, photographer, documentary film producer or director (other than of commercial films), a representative of a radio and/or television organization, travel writer/ travel promotion photographer etc. (ii) A professional journalist working for an association or a company engaged in the production or broadcast of audio news or audio visual news or current affairs programmes through the print media, electronic or any other form as defined in clause (R) of subsection (1) of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 or any other mode of mass communication. (iii) A correspondent /columnist/cartoonist/editor/ owner of the association or company referred to above. (iv) A Journalist visiting India for any other purpose, such as attending a Conference, tourism, meeting relatives etc Film Visa Procedure for processing of proposals for shooting of a feature film/ reality TV show and/ or commercial TV serials (1) All such proposals will be processed in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. (2) The film has to be shot according to the script, as approved by the Government of India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting will attach a liaison officer to the foreign team wherever it is felt necessary to do so by the Script Evaluator. (3) The foreign team must show the complete film to a representative of the Government of India, in India or abroad (i.e. an Indian Mission abroad), before its actual release anywhere in the world. No portion of the film should be shown in the open forum without prior approval of the Government of India. (4) Prior clearance of the Ministry of Home Affairs for shooting of feature films/ TV reality shows/ serials will be necessary only in respect of cases where shooting is to be done in Jammu & Kashmir, Northeast, Border areas and areas declared as restricted/ protected/ prohibited areas and/ or cases involving sensitive subjects. In other cases, the Ministry of I & B will examine the proposal and communicate their clearance to the Indian Missions/ Posts concerned for grant of visa to the foreigners involved. Local permission, wherever required, must be obtained by the filming team from the local authorities. The list of equipments to be temporarily imported in connection with the shooting is required to be submitted to the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, in advance. In case the programme in question has a bearing on India’s relations with a foreign A Missionary visa is granted to a foreigner whose sole objective of visiting India is Missionary work not involving proselytization. Visa shall NOT be granted to preachers and evangelists who desire to come to India on propaganda campaigns, whether on their own or at the invitation of any organization in India 35 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

2.5 DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR VISA  Passport, in original, with a minimum validity of six months as on the date of submission of application for visa. The passport should have at least two blank pages. Copy of the passport (first four pages and endorsement of extension of validity if any) should be attached  One recent passport-size colour photograph depicting full face.  Proof of Residence: Either a copy of National ID Card or Utility Bill such as electricity, telephone or water bill  Proof of Profession: Certificate from the employer. In case of students, copy of Identity card from the educational institution is to be attached.  Proof of Financial soundness: Endorsement of foreign currency equivalent to US $150/- per applicant or copy of international credit card or updated bank statement showing sufficient balance to finance travel to India. 2.6 HIGH COMMISSION What is a High Commission? A high commission is an embassy of a Commonwealth country located in another Commonwealth country. Administration, Consular, Commerce, Community Affairs, and Information & Culture are the wings of the Indian High Commission, which are led by the High Commissioner and Deputy High Commissioner. A Counsellor or a First Secretary/Second Secretary rank officer leads each Wing. Political and economic cooperation between India and Canada, trade and investment promotion between the two countries, cultural activities and exchanges, press and media liaison, scientific cooperation in bilateral and multilateral contexts, and consular/passport/visa services to the general public are among the functions of the High Commission. High Commission functions within the purview of business allocated to the Ministry of External Affairs under the Government of India's Allocation of Business Rules and Transaction of Business Rules. The powers and duties of its officers and employees; General Administrative powers are derived from IFS (PLCA) Rules, as amended from time to time and instructions of the Ministry of External Affairs thereon. Financial powers of the Officers of the High Commission of India have been detailed in the Delegated Financial powers of the Government of India's Representatives Abroad. General 36 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Financial Powers and instructions/rules of Government of India and /or Ministry of External Affairs from time to time. Consular powers of High Commission are derived from Consular Manual, the Passports Act, 1967 and instructions of the Ministry of External Affairs/Ministry of Home Affairs from time to time. The duties and responsibilities of the officers and staff working in the High Commission are defined by the High Commissioner. Rules and Regulations IFS PLCA rules and annexures Delegated Financial Powers of Government of India’s Representatives Abroad Passports Act, 1967 Fundamental Rules and Supplementary Rules Central Civil Services(Conduct) Rules Central Civil Services(CCA) Rules General Financial Rules CCS(Leave) Rules CCS(Travelling Allowance) Rules Central Government(Receipt & Payment) Rules Consular Manual Manual on Office Procedure etc. Besides, the above-mentioned rules and regulations, the High Commission functions as per other Government of India rules and regulations as applicable from time to time. Classified documents/files relating to India's external relations and internal affairs, matters of national security, defence, trade policy etc. Unclassified documents/files on the above subjects and also on joint statements, declarations, agreements and MoUs etc. Passport and consular services application forms, booklets etc. The High Commission of India operates under the guidelines of India's foreign policy, as set by the Ministry of External Affairs, as well as the rules and regulations of the Indian government that apply to it in administrative, commercial, consular, and cultural affairs. The High Commission implements policy under the direction and supervision of the High Commissioner. In topics of mutual interest and in furtherance and implementation of Government of India policies and objectives, the High Commission communicates with local think tanks, academic community, and others as needed. 37 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

2.7 EMBASSY What is an Embassy? A diplomatic mission, also known as a foreign mission, is a group of persons from one country or organisation stationed in another country to officially represent the sending country or organisation in the receiving country. In reality, the term diplomatic mission refers to the resident mission, or embassy, which is the principal office of a country's diplomatic representatives in another country; it is usually, but not always, located in the receiving state's capital city. Embassy of India is headed by the Ambassador and has following Wings; i) Administration, ii) Political & Information, iii) Defence, iv) Consular, v) Commercial & Economic. Functions of the Embassy inter alia, include political and economic cooperation, trade and investment, cultural interaction, press and media liaison, bilateral/multilateral contacts, rendering consular services. Embassy functions within the purview of business allocated to the Ministry of External Affairs under the government of India’s Allocation of Business Rules/ Transaction of Business Rules. 2.8 CONSULATE A Consulates, is a smaller diplomatic missions which are normally located in major cities of the receiving state (but can be located in the capital, usually when the sending country has no embassy in the receiving state). As well as being a diplomatic mission to the country in which it is situated, it may also be a non-resident permanent mission to one or more other countries. There are thus resident and non-resident embassies. Consulars of various ranks may be granted specific legal authority for specific tasks, such as notarizing documents. As a result, consular letters patent may be issued to diplomatic employees with additional responsibilities (commissions). There are minimal statutory rules detailing what a consular official must accomplish, except from those described in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. For example, consular officers in some nations may be in charge of issuing visas, while in others, \"consular services\" may be limited to offering aid to countrymen, legalisation of papers, and so on. Nonetheless, consulates will be led by consuls of various ranks, even if they have little or no authority. 38 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

A consulate's responsibilities include safeguarding the interests of its residents who are temporarily or permanently residing in the host country, issuing passports, issuing visas to visitors, and engaging in public diplomacy. However, a consulate's primary function has traditionally been to promote trade by aiding businesses in making investments and importing and exporting goods and services both within and outside of their home nation. Although it is seldom publicly acknowledged, consulates, like embassies, may collect intelligence from the assigned country. 2.9 SUMMARY  Visa- a Key Travel Document A visa is a certificate prepared by the immigration officials of the foreign country with stamp marked on a passport after verifying the person’s credentials.  The Visa to India is applied to the High Commission of India in the country of the person who wishes to travel to India.  Documents required for a Visa- Passport, One recent passport-size colour photograph depicting full face, proof of residence, Proof of profession, proof of financial soundness.  Gratis Visa- It is granted to diplomats and officials or UN officials travelling on duty  Diplomat Visa- It is granted to Diplomats or Officials assigned to their countries Missions/Posts in India or Diplomatic or Official or UN passport holders working in UN or international organizations located in India. 2.10 KEYWORDS  Immigration - Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens.  CPV - Consular Passport and Visa  NRI – Non-resident Indians  PIO - Persons of Indian Origin  OCI- Overseas Indian Citizen is a Foreign National - (i) who was a citizen of India at the time of, or at any time after 26th January, 1950; or (ii) who was eligible to become a citizen of India on 26th January, 1950; or (iii) who belonged to a territory that became part of India after 15th August, 1947; or (iv) who is a child or a grandchild or a great grandchild of such a citizen; or (v) who is a minor child of such persons mentioned above; or (vi) who is a minor child and whose both parents are citizens of India or one of the parents is a citizen of India - is eligible for registration 39 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

as OCI cardholder. Besides, spouse of foreign origin of a citizen of India or spouse of foreign origin of an Overseas Citizen of India Cardholder and whose marriage has been registered and subsisted for a continuous period of not less than two years immediately preceding the presentation of the application is also eligible for registration as OCI cardholder. However, no person, who or either of whose parents or grandparents or great grandparents is or had been a citizen of Pakistan, Bangladesh or such other country as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify, shall be eligible for registration as an Overseas Citizen of India Cardholder. 2.11 LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. What are the various categories of visa? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Explain the procedure to apply for a visa. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.12 UNIT END QUESTIONS A. Descriptive Questions Short Questions 1. What is visa? 2. Define Passport? 3. What are the different categories of visa? 4. What is a high commission? 5. What are the duties of a consulate? Long Questions 1. Discuss the different categories of visa? 2. How is the embassy helpful for issuing visa for passengers? 3. What are the activities of a consulate? 4. What are the functions of High commission in India? 5. What are the two documents required for Visa process? B. Multiple Choice Questions 40 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

1. _____gives the person the right to enter a country and stay for a temporary period a. Visa b. Passport c. Health certificates d. Forex 2. The office of _______ decides the duration of the visa. a. High commission b. Embassy c. Consulate d. Passport office 3. _____ Visa is granted to diplomats and officials travelling on duty. a. Visit visa b. Transit visa c. Gratis Visa d. Research Visa 4. Embassy of India is headed by the _________ a. Ambassador b. Executive officers from consulates c. Executives from Embassy d. Passport officers. 5. A, ________is smaller diplomatic missions which are normally located in major cities. a. Passport office b. Consulates c. Embassy d. High commission Answers 41 1-a, 2-a, 3-c, 4-a, 5-b CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

2.13 REFERENCES Reference books • Bezbarua M.P, Indian Tourism Beyond The Millenium • Burkart&Medlik, Tourism; Past, Present and Future. • Gee, Chuck Y, James C. Makens , Dexter J. L. & Choy, The Travel Industry • Murphy, Peter H, Tourism: A Community Approach Textbooks • Bhatia A.K., Basics of Tourism Management, Sterling Publishers Pvt Delhi, 2010 • Bhatia A.K., The Business of Tourism: Concepts and Strategies, Sterling Publishers Pvt Delhi, 2010 • Inskeep Edward, Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons Inc Publications, New York. • Kumar MisraSuddhendu Narayan and SadualSapan, Basics of Tourism Management, Excel Books. • Nath Dhar Prem, Development of Tourism and Travel Industry: An Indian Perspective, Kanishka Publications, New Delhi. • Prasad VV Vara, Travel & Tourism Management, Sundari VBT Publications. • Sinha R.K., Tourism Strategies, Planning and Development, Common Wealth Publishers • Peter Tarlow, Tourism Security: Strategies for Effective Managing Travel Risk and Safety. Websites • https://www.iatatravelcentre.com/international-travel-document- news/1580226297.htm • https://www.iatatravelcentre.com/ • https://www.united.com/ual/en/us/fly/travel/documentation- requirements/international.html • https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/before-you- go/travelers-checklist.html 42 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

UNIT - 3: TYPES OF VISA STRUCTURE 3.0 Learning Objectives 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Types of Visa 3.3 Visa on Arrival 3.4 E-Vis 3.5 Summary 3.6 Keywords 3.7 Learning Activity 3.8 Unit End Questions 3.9 References 3.0LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, you will be able to:  Describe the Different Types of Visa  Explain about Visa on Arrival  Know what e-Visa is 3.1 INTRODUCTION A visa is a paper document affixed to a page of the holder's passport. It permits a person to travel to the State during the dates stated on the visa. It does not guarantee entry to the State. An Immigration Officer at the Port of Entry has the authority to grant or deny admission, and to decide on the duration a person may remain in the State. VISA means charter visa, lit in Latin which means \"document that has been seen\". It is a document issued to a person or a stamp marked on the passport of a person who wants to visit other country. It is the permission given by a country to a person to enter and stay in the country for a specified period of time. Apart from VISA, the approval of the immigration officials of the country at the entry point is also required to enter the country. 43 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

3.2 TYPES OF VISA Entry Visa- It is issued to a Person of India Origin (PIO), foreign spouse of Indian national and to spouse or children of foreigners holding any type of visa other than tourist/transit visa. Tourist Visa- It is issued to foreigners who do not have a residence or occupation in India and whose sole objective of visiting India is recreation, sightseeing, casual visit to meet friends and relatives etc. (i) Indian Missions or Posts abroad may issue multiple entry tourist visas for a maximum period of ten years to US nationals and five years to UK nationals, with the stipulation that stay during each visit shall not exceed 180 days if desire to stay 115 for more, then should register with the concerned FRRO/FRO within 180 days of arrival. (ii) Indian Missions/Posts abroad may issue multiple entry tourist visas for a maximum period of five years to nationals of Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland and Vietnam with the condition that stay during each visit shall not exceed 90 days. (iii) In respect of foreigners holding multiple-entry tourist visas valid for 5/10 years, there should be a gap of at least two months between two successive visits, the condition of two month’s gap can be waived. In all such cases, the foreign national should register with the FRRO/FRO concerned within 14 days of arrival. (iv) Tourist visa is neither extendable nor convertible into other type of visa except, in very exceptional circumstances. Employment Visa- This type of visas is valid for one year at a time and is granted to foreigners provided the foreigner is a skilled and qualified professional, engaged by a company, organization, or undertaking in India on contract or employment basis at a senior level, skilled position such as technical expert, senior executive, or in a managerial position. Proof of employment in the form of employment contract like an appointment letter, contract letter, applicant’s resume and proof that the organization is registered in India are required. Duration of visa would depend on the period of the contract and grant of visa under this category are decided on case to case basis. Project Visa- Project visa is a sub-set of employment visa and is granted to foreigners employed for executing Steel and Power Sector Projects. Student Visa-Student visa is granted to a foreigner coming to India to pursue a course of regular and fulltime academic studies in a recognized institution. It is valid up to five years or duration of course (whichever is less). The applicant should furnish proof of admission in a recognized/reputed educational institution and evidence of financial support. 44 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Journalist Visa - Journalist visa is issued to professional journalists, press-persons, film- persons other than commercial etc, and similar personnel in the field of information such as travel writing, travel journalism, travel promotion or photography, travel television production, and those who write on fashion, costumes and sports. It is normally valid for up to six months Business Visa - It is granted by Missions or Posts to foreign businesspersons to set up industrial/ business venture or to explore possibilities to set up industrial or business venture in India or to buy or sell the industrial or commercial products. Proof of financial standing and expertise in the field of intended business must be produced. It is valid for up to five years. Missionary Visa - A Missionary Visa is issued to the person who visits India for religious reasons. The visa is single entry visa. Visa to foreign missionaries, other than those holding nonobjection certificate to return to India for endorsements, are granted only after clearance by respective Ministry or Department in India. Mountaineering Visa - Visa for mountaineering expeditions is granted only after clearance by concerned authorities in India. Conference/Seminar Visa - This type of visas is granted to foreign delegates to international conferences, seminars etc conducted by Government bodies, Public Sector Undertakings or Government aided bodies and NGOs provided necessary clearance by the Nodal Ministries or Departments of the Government of India/State Governments is sought. Research Visa - Missions or Posts may grant Research Visa depending upon recognition of the research institution and eligibility of the applicant, except scholars of certain nationalities or/and where research work involves visits to Restricted or Protected areas in India or areas 117 affected by terrorism, militancy and extremism etc. It is valid up to three years or duration of research project, whichever is earlier. The person is required to apply for this visa six weeks prior to the date of travel. Medical & Medical Attendant Visa-Foreign nationals visiting India for medical treatment at authorised specialised hospitals or treatment centres may be issued Medical Visas (MED) by Indian Missions or Posts overseas. Visas are also valid for treatment under the Indian medical system. It is valid for one year or until the end of the treatment period, whichever comes first. Attendants/family members of patients undergoing medical treatment will be awarded a Medical Attendant visa (MEDX) that will run concurrently with the patient's medical visa. Only two attendants are permitted, and they must be the patient's spouse, children, or blood relatives. Universal Visa - Universal visa is a multipurpose life-long visa which Indian Missions and Posts abroad or the Ministry of Home Affairs may grant to Foreigners holding Overseas Citizens of India (OCI) card. The holder of universal visa can study, do business or take up 45 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

employment in India and is exempted from the requirement of registration with FRRO/Police authorities for any length of stay in India. Types of visa and their abbreviations Types of Visa SR.No. Types of Visa Abbreviations 1. Diplomat D 2. Official O 3. UN Official UD 4. Transit TR 5. Entry X 6. Tourists T 7. Employment E 8. Project P 9. Student S 10. Journalist J 11. Business B 12. Missionary M 13. Mountaineering X 14. Conference/Seminar/ Meeting C 15. Research R 16. Medical MED 17. Medical Attendant MEDX 18. Universal U Table 3.1 Abbreviation of Types of Visa 46 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

3.3 VISA ON ARRIVAL Also known as visas on arrival (VOA), they are granted at a port of entry. This is distinct from visa-free entry, where no visa is required, as the visitor must still obtain the visa on arrival before proceeding to immigration control.  Almost all countries will consider issuing a visa (or another document to the same effect) on arrival to a visitor arriving in unforeseen exceptional circumstances, for example:  Under provisions of article 35 of the Schengen Visa Code, a visa may be issued at a border in situations such as the diversion of a flight causing air passengers in transit to pass through two or more airports instead of one. In 2010, Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupted, causing significant disruption of air travel throughout Europe, and the EU responded by announcing that it would issue visas at land borders to stranded travellers.  Under section 212(d)(4) of the Immigration and Naturalization Act, visa waivers can be issued to travellers arriving at American ports of entry in emergency situations or under other conditions.  Certain international airports in Russia have consuls on-duty, who have the power to issue visas on the spot.  Some countries issue visas on arrival to special categories of travellers, such as seafarers or aircrew.  Some countries issue them to regular visitors; there often are restrictions, for example:  Belarus issues visas on arrival in Minsk international airport only to nationals of countries where there is no consular representation of Belarus.  Thailand only issues visas on arrival at certain border checkpoints. The most notable crossing where visas on arrival are not issued is the Padang Besar checkpoint for passenger trains between Malaysia and Thailand. 3.4 E-VISA Electronic visas 47 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Figure-3.1 Electronic visas Countries granting electronic visas universally Countries granting electronic visas to select nationalities Countries requiring electronic registration from most visa exempt visitors (excluding Australian eVisitor) Countries that plan to introduce eVisas in the future An electronic visa (e-Visa or eVisa) is stored in a computer and is linked to the passport number so no label, sticker, or stamp is placed in the passport before travel. The application is done over the internet, and the receipt acts as a visa, which can be printed or stored on a mobile device. Russia maintains an eVisa program for visitors from certain countries arriving to Russian Far East, Saint Petersburg, Leningrad Region and Kaliningrad Region. And will introduce a single electronic visa from 1 January 2021. Authorities of Belarus, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea,Ghana, Japan, Kazakhstan, Liberia,[SouthAfrica, and Tunisia have announced plans to introduce electronic visas in the future. These are not all-inclusive lists. Some countries may have more thorough definitions of some of these categories to reflect the subtleties of their geographies, social situations, economics, international treaties, and other factors. Even in nations where some nationalities are exempt from visa restrictions, it is still important to obtain prior authorisation before flying in. These travel authorizations are usually valid for several years and can be used more than once. Airlines must ensure that all 48 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

passengers who do not have a visa have gained authorisation prior to departure, or face fines and the cost of returning a passenger to their place of origin.  Australia requires visitors from certain countries to obtain an eVisitor or Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) before travel, and offers electronic visas to all others.  Canada requires all international visitors arriving by air who do not require a visa, except for United States nationals, to apply for an Electronic Travel Authorization (or ETA) before arrival.  New Zealand requires all international visitors from Visa waiver countries to apply for an Electronic Travel Authority and pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy before arrival.  The United States has an internet system called Electronic System for Travel Authorization (or ESTA), but this is a security pre-screening only and does not technically qualify as a visa under US immigration law.  The European Union is planning to adopt a system known as the European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS) for all non-EU citizens who are currently visa-exempt prior to their travel, to be implemented in the end of 2022. Entry and duration period Visas can also be single-entry, which means the visa is cancelled as soon as the holder leaves the country; double-entry, or multiple-entry, which permits double or multiple entries into the country with the same visa. Countries may also issue re-entry permits that allow temporarily leaving the country without invalidating the visa. Even a business visa will normally not allow the holder to work in the host country without an additional work permit. Once issued, a visa will typically have to be used within a certain period of time. The validity of a visa is not always the same as the permissible length of stay in some countries. The visa validity specifies the time period during which entry into the country is permitted. If a visa is issued with a start date of January 1 and an expiration date of March 30, and the normal authorised term of stay in a country is 90 days, the 90-day authorised stay begins the day the passenger enters the nation (entrance has to be between 1 January and 30 March). As a result, the visitor can only stay in the issuing country until July 1st (if the traveller entered on 30 March). In the Americas, this type of visa interpretation is frequent. A person may not stay in other nations beyond the expiration of their visa, which is normally fixed within the validity of their passport. The visa may also impose a limit on the number of days a visitor can spend in the eligible territory during the validity term. In Europe, this view of visa periods is typical. 49 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)

Once within the nation, immigration authorities can often extend the validity time of a visa or approved stay for a fee. Even if the visa validity period isn't over (i.e., for multiple entry visas), overstaying a period of approved stay granted by immigration officials is considered unlawful immigration and a form of \"overstaying.\" Entering a country without a valid visa or visa exemption may result in detention and removal (deportation or exclusion) from the country. Undertaking activities that are not authorized by the status of entry (for example, working while possessing a non-worker tourist status) can result in the individual being deemed liable for deportation—commonly referred to as an illegal alien. Such violation is not a violation of a visa, despite the common misuse of the phrase, but a violation of status; hence the term \"out of status\". Even if you have a visa, you may not be able to enter the host country. The border crossing authorities make the final decision on whether or not to admit admission, and they have the authority to cancel a visa at the border if the alien cannot establish to their satisfaction that they will adhere to the status granted by their visa. For people planning to apply for a residence permit in a country that does not require visas for short stays, a long-stay visa may be required. For example, the EU does not need citizens of many countries to obtain a visa for visits of less than 90 days, but its member states do require such citizens to obtain a long-stay visa for stays of more than 90 days. 3.5SUMMARY  A visa is a paper document affixed to a page of the holder's passport.  There are many types of Visa such as Entry Visa, Tourist Visa, Employment Visa, Project visa, student visa, journalist visa, business visa, missionary visa, mountaineering visa, conference visa, research visa etc.  Indian Mission or Posts abroad may issue Medical Visa (MED) to foreign nationals visiting India for medical treatment in recognized specialized hospitals or treatment centres in India  Universal visa is a multipurpose life-long visa which Indian Missions and Posts abroad or the Ministry of Home Affairs may grant to Foreigners holding Overseas Citizens of India (OCI) card.  Visa on arrival- This is distinct from visa-free entry, where no visa is required, as the visitor must still obtain the visa on arrival before proceeding to immigration control.  An electronic visa (e-Visa or eVisa) is stored in a computer and is linked to the passport number so no label, sticker, or stamp is placed in the passport before travel. The application is done over the internet, and the receipt acts as a visa, which can be printed or stored on a mobile device. 50 CU IDOL SELF LEARNING MATERIAL (SLM)