Participant Handbook - Logistics (3)

PHB Logistics 7) Confirm with Customer 8) Print Invoices 9) Reporting on non-availability & Drop orders Tips for Consignment Booking Assistant  The conversation should be more positive and mood should be kept high during the conversation  Do not bore the listener by saying repetitive things or by jumping around the conversation without a flow  Always maintain a flow in the conversation 103

PHB Logistics  Always talk about the success stories  Listen to customer and understand his requirements The listening process involves five stages: receiving, understanding, evaluating, remembering, and responding. Active listening is a particular communication technique that requires the listener to provide feedback on what he or she hears to the speaker. If a customer seeks, some information to which you have no idea, kindly explain to the customer that, you will make a note of this question and you will discuss with your superiors and will reply them. Inform them a particular time limit within which they shall receive the answer. In Performing Consignment Booking 1. Check for all road permit papers are available with Transport companies. 2. Coordinate a time with customer and arrange pick up by the transport companies. 104

PHB Logistics 3. Inspect consignment for number of packages. 4. Any discrepancy, try to resolve. 5. Fill Lorry receipt and share 1 to Customer, 1 to truck driver and 3 to the department. 6. Add to account the mode of payment ving quotations. 105

PHB Logistics 7. Move on to next customers 12.2 GPS Tracking GPS tracking is the surveillance of location through use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to track the location of an entity or object remotely. The technology can pinpoint longitude, latitude, ground speed, and course direction of the target. GPS and location service tools are powerful, that much is true. The real focus, however, should be on the vast number of benefits the technology can offer.  Improved Fleet Management  Increased Driver Safety and Performance  Better Security  Enhanced Operational Efficiency  Boosted Customer Service  More Detailed Cost Analysis  Ultimate Transparency 106

PHB Logistics Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Summary  Consignment Booking Assistant is also known as Booking Assistant, Booking Clerk or Order Booker. Individuals in this role are responsible for receiving customer order details, checking market prices, availability and making bookings with transport companies to pick up the consignment.  Consignment Tracking Executives are also known as Consignment Trackers or Consignment Tracking Clerks. Individuals in this role are responsible for tracking each consignment at regular intervals as it moves from origin to its destination along the suggested route. Exercise 1. What is a perfect order? a. An order that arrives undamaged b. An order that arrives on time c. An order that is easy for the receiver to fill d. Simultaneous achievement of relevant customer metrics 2. Data going into the computer is called? a. Input b. Output c. Calculations d. Algorithm 107

PHB Logistics Chapter 13: Verify Compliance to Customs and Legal Clearance for all Containers before approving Exit pass Unit Objectives At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. Understand the meaning of Custom 2. Know the Procedure and Custom Duty 3. Legal Aspects of Customs 9.1 Customs Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal, and hazardous items, into and out of a country. The movement of people into and out of a country is normally monitored by migration authorities, under a variety of names and arrangements. Immigration authorities normally check for appropriate documentation, verify that a person is entitled to enter the country, apprehend people wanted by domestic or international arrest warrants, and impede the entry of people deemed dangerous to the country. Traditionally customs has been considered as the fiscal subject that charges customs duties and other taxes on import or export. In recent decades, the views on the functions of customs have considerably expanded and now covers three basic issues: taxation, security and trade facilitation. Custom Act: 1. Customs Act 1962 – Is the main Act, which provides for levy and collection of Duty, Import / Export procedure, Prohibition, Penalties, Offences etc. 2. Customs Tariff Act 1975 – Is for the classification and rates of Duty for Import and Export 3. Rules under Customs Act – Under section 156 of Customs Act, 1962, Central Government has been empowered to make rules, consistent with Provisions of the Act 4. Notification under Customs Act – Various sections authorize Central Government to issue notifications 5. Board Circulars – Are instructions and directions to Customs officials 6. Public Notice – Issued by Commissioner of Customs. Can be issued for local requirement too. 108

PHB Logistics Imports  Import with its grammatical variation and cognate expression, means bringing into India from a place outside India  Import is completed only when goods cross the Customs barrier  The taxable event is the day of crossing of Customs barrier and not on the date when goods landed in India or had entered Territorial Waters  In the case of goods which are in the warehouse the customs barrier would be crossed when they are sought to be taken out of the Customs and brought to the mass of goods in the country Customs House Agent (CHA)  In order to assist importer and exporter, the services of CHA or Clearing Agents are available at international ports and airports  They are a body of professional experts duly licensed by Commissioner of Customs Import Procedure  Import General Manifest (IGM): A person in-charge of Vessel (i.e. Shipping Agent / Freight Forwarders etc.) should submit IGM – i.e. details of cargo to be unloaded, goods to be transshipped etc.  Bill of Entry: Importer should file Bill of Entry giving details of goods to be cleared from customs. Date of filing of Bill of entry is relevant for deciding Duty liability OR Warehousing – Keeping in warehouse without payment of Duty and later clearing on payment of Duty when required. Documents for Imports  Bill of Entry – Its types are: (for Manual Clearance) o White Bill of Entry for Home Consumption o Yellow Bill of Entry for Warehousing o Green Bill of Entry for Ex Bond  Invoice & Packing list  Import License (wherever necessary)  Certificate of country of origin, where preferential rate is claimed  Insurance Memo / Policy  Bill of Lading / Airway bill OR Delivery Order Anti Dumping Duty  Large manufacturer from abroad may export goods at very low price compared to domestic market  Such dumping may be with intention to cripple domestic market OR to dispose of their excess stock 109

PHB Logistics  To avoid such dumping, Central Government can impose anti dumping Duty , under section 9A of Customs Tariff Act  Anti Dumping Duty is not applicable for imports by SEZ, EOU unless it is specifically mentioned in notification  No CVD or SAD on Anti Dumping Duty  No Anti Dumping Duty on goods Warehoused prior to levy of Anti Dumping Duty Interest on Delayed Payment  Under Section 47 of Customs Act, 1962 interest is payable when import Duty is not deposited within five days (excluding holidays) after assessment of the goods  Interest is payable at the rate of 15% per annum 9.2 Procedure at Customs House (Flow of documents) Procedure at Customs House (Flow of documents)  Noting of Bill of Entry  Filing of Bill of Entry  Assessment  Pre Audit  Duty Payment / Bond (warehousing)  Examination of Cargo  Out of charge permission  Delivery Calculation of Customs Duty Particulars Duty Amount Total Rate% Duty a) Assessable Value Rs.10000 10000 b) Basic Custom Duty 7.5% 750 750 c) Sub Total for Calculating CVD (a+b) 10750 d) CVD @ 10% ‘ c ‘ 10% 1075 1075 e) Higher Education Cess of Excise – 2% of ‘d’ 2% 21.50 21.50 f) SHE Cess of excise – 1% of ‘d’ 1% 10.75 10.75 g) Sub total for Education Cess on Customs 1857.25 ‘B+D+E+F’ 2% h) Education Cess of Customs 2% of ‘g’ 1% 37.15 37.15 i) SHE Cess of Customs – 1% of ‘G’ 18.57 18.57 j) Sub total for SAD a+c+d+e+f+h+i 4% 11912.97 476.52 k) Special CVD – 4% of ‘j’ 476.52 2389.49 l) Total Duty International Customs Day 110

PHB Logistics International Customs Day recognizes the role of agencies and customs officials in maintaining border security around the world. In focuses on the workers and their working conditions as well as the challenges that some customs officers face in their job. Custom agencies hold employee appreciation events where custom officers are recognized for their work. Several agencies also hold events for the public where they explain their jobs and responsibilities in a transparent manner. Each year, at the end of January is celebrated the International Customs Day with a particular theme, as follows:  2019, the chosen theme was 'SMART borders for seamless Trade, Travel and Transport'.  2018, the chosen theme was 'A secure business environment for economic development'.  Chosen theme for previous editions 2009 - 2018. Types of Customs Duties Custom Duty is an indirect tax, imposed under the Customs Act formulated in 1962. The Customs Act, 1962 is the basic statute which governs entry or exit of different categories of vessels, aircrafts, goods, passengers etc., into or outside the country. 9.3 Legal Aspects of Customs Duty liability in certain special circumstances: 1) Goods are imported into India after exportation there from 111

PHB Logistics  The import duty shall be restricted to the amount of incentive availed of at the time of export. 2) Imported goods have been originally exported to the overseas supplier for repairs  No duty at the time of re-import will be levied: o If re-imported within 3 years from the date of export (extended up to 5 years) o The exported and imported goods must be in the same form and ownership of the goods should also not have changed. o This concept is not applicable if the repairs amount to manufacture and exports from EPZ or EOUs. 3) Exported goods may come back for repairs and re-export  No duty at the time of re-import will be levied: o The time limit for re-import should be within 3 years from the date of export. In case of export to Nepal, such time limit is 10 years. o The time limit for re-export is 6 months from the date of import (extended up to 12 months). o The importer at the time of importation executes a Bond. o The re-importation is for reprocessing, refining or re-making then the time limit for re-importation should be within 1 year from the date of exportation. Circumstances under which no duty will be levied: Pilferage: Section 13 of the Customs Act, 1962  No duty is payable if the pilferage found before goods cleared from customs: o Importer does not have to prove pilferage, o If the duty is paid before finding the pilferage, refund can be claimed  Section 13 does not apply for the warehoused goods.  w.e.f. 10-5-2013, there shall be no duty liability on a sample of goods consumed/destroyed during the course of testing/examination. Conditions to be satisfied for exemption from duty: (i) The imported goods should have been pilfered. (ii) The pilferage should have occurred after the goods are unloaded, but before the proper officer makes the order of clearance for home consumption or for deposit into warehouse. (iii) The pilfered goods should not have been restored back to the importer. Important points: a) If goods are pilfered after the order of clearance is made but before the goods are actually cleared, section 13 is not applicable and thus, duty would be leviable. b) Section 13 deals with only pilferage. It does not deal with loss/destruction of goods. c) Provisions of section 13 would not apply if it can be shown that pilferage took place prior to the unloading of goods. 112

PHB Logistics d) In case of pilferage, only section 13 applies and remission of duty under section 23(1) is not permissible. All goods, derelict, jetsam, flotsam and wreck brought or coming into India, shall be dealt with as if they were imported into India [Section 21]: Thus, even though such goods had not been actually imported, they would be liable to import duty unless such goods are entitled to be duty free under this Act.  Derelict means vessel or cargo which is abandoned in sea without any hope of recovering it.  Jetsam means where goods are cast into sea to reduce weight of ship to prevent it from sinking and the thrown goods sink.  Flotsam means when goods continue to float after thrown in sea  Wreck means cargo or vessel or any property which are cast ashore by tides after ship- wreck. 113

PHB Logistics Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Summary  As per ancient customs, a merchant entering a kingdom with his goods had to make a suitable gift to king. In the course of time, this ‘custom’ was formalized into Customs Duty. This is collected on goods on imports (occasionally on export goods too). Exercise 1. Customs duty shall be levied at such rates as may be prescribed under Customs Tariff Act, 1975, or any other law in force on goods: a. Imported into India by any person other than Government b. Exported from India by any person other than Government c. Imported into or exported from India by government d. All of the above 2. The basic condition for levy of Customs Duty is: a. There must be import or export of goods b. There must be import or export of services c. There must be import or export of goods or services or both d. All of the above 114

PHB Logistics Chapter 14: Route Planning and Vendor Coordination Unit Objectives At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. Understand the Plan Vehicle Route 2. Able to Find the Destination / Customer 3. Know the Importance of Body Language (Nonverbal Signals) 14.1 Plan Vehicle Route Time is money, and a route planning system can drastically reduce the time it takes to plan your transportation schedule. Not only do route planning systems lower mileage, they also help cut fuel usage, decrease carbon emissions, improve asset utilization, and increase customer service. Routing is the process of establishing the most effective route at each stop in order to minimize the distance or traveling time. The path and the sequence of stops a vehicle takes are the most important factors of routing. Vehicle scheduling, also called “blocking”, involves assigning vehicles to cover the trips associated with the timetable. Each trip in the timetable must be made by a vehicle. A vehicle cannot be assigned more than one trip at any point in time. Considerations while route planning will be:-  Traffic  Road conditions  Priorities in deliveries  Scheduled timings  Clubbing of orders  Weight and dimensions of package  Left side deliveries first and right side in return Load into Vehicle: Load the vehicle or courier bag in the orderly arrangement  Based on route  Based on first deliveries  Based on heavy package Also understand that what materials to be stored near to the door:-  Heavy items  Nearby delivery items 115

PHB Logistics 14.2 Find the Destination / Customer You may use Google Map or Applications for finding the Shortest Route from Shop to Customer’s Address for delivering the courier. Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google. It offers satellite imagery, street maps, 360° panoramic views of streets, real-time traffic conditions, and route planning for traveling by foot, car, bicycle, or public transportation. Speedy Route calculates the best route when visiting multiple locations and then returning back to the start. It is ideal for delivery drivers, sales people on the road, or anyone who needs to make multiple stops. Speedy Route re-orders the locations you enter into the best optimal order, so that every location is visited once before returning to your start location in the shortest and quickest way possible, and also provides full driving directions between all stops. Ask from nearby shop regarding the Address of Courier. Local and global Geographical Knowledge: Indian Standard Time: GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) +05:30 AM and PM: The 12-hour clock is a time convention in which the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods:  a.m. (from the Latin, ante meridiem, meaning before midday) and  p.m. (post meridiem, meaning after midday) Telephone Country Code: +91 Speed: It is defined as the rate of change in position, expressed as distance traveled per unit of time. It is a scalar quantity with dimensions distance/time. Velocity is a vector quantity, the rate at which an object changes its position. The speed calculation formula is: Speed = Distance / Time  1 km = 1000 m  1 m = 100 cm  1 m = 1000 mm  1 cm = 10 mm Longest River Other Important Facts Largest Lake Ganga Lake Chilka 116

PHB Logistics Highest Point Mt. K2 (8611 m) Highest Point of Himalaya Kanchan Junga (8,598 m) Lowest Point Kuttanad (-2.2 m) Northernmost Point Siachen Glacier near Karakoram Southernmost Point Indira Point, Great Nicobar, Andaman & Nicobar Islands Southernmost Point of India Cape Comorin (Kanya Kumari) (Mainland) Westernmost Point West of Ghuar Mota, Gujarat Easternmost Point Kibithu, Arunachal Pradesh Parking Vehicle Park your vehicle at Parking lot. Parking is the act of stopping and disengaging a vehicle and leaving it unoccupied. Parking on one or both sides of a road is often permitted, though sometimes with restrictions. Some buildings have parking facilities for use of the buildings' users. Countries and local governments have rules for design and use of parking spaces. In order to further improve your car parking etiquette, you may want to consider doing these tips: 1. Do not block other drivers from getting a parking space 2. Use signal lights 3. Do not text while looking for a parking space 4. Park only where your vehicle can fit 5. Park at the center of the parking space 6. Watch out for drivers backing out 7. Back out carefully and slowly 8. Mind the markings A parking violation is the act of parking a motor vehicle in a restricted place or for parking in an unauthorized manner. It is against the law virtually everywhere to park a vehicle in the middle of a highway or road; parking on one or both sides of a road, however, is commonly permitted. However, restrictions apply to such parking, and may result in an offense being committed. Such offenses are usually cited by a police officer or other government official in the form of a traffic ticket. 117

PHB Logistics Parking violations include, but are not limited to: • Parking in a prohibited space such as a bus stop, in front of a fire hydrant, a driveway, or a garage entrance. • Parking on a sidewalk (unless specifically allowed by signs). • Parking in, too close to or within an intersection, railroad crossing or crosswalk. • Double parking. • Parking at a parking meter without paying, or for longer than the paid time. • Parking in a handicapped zone without an appropriate permit. • Many vehicle codes define it to be an infraction to park on the public byway without the vehicle being properly licensed and registered, with expired or missing license plates or license plate 'tabs', without proper safety vehicle inspection decal, etc. • Parking without a zone permit in places where parking is severely impacted (such as a residential zone permit, issued to help preserve parking availability for those who live in the permit zone). • Parking without special permit, where one is needed (like a parking for employees of a company). • Parking with the parking permit or payment receipt not visible in the prescribed way, like upside down. • Parking on certain streets in a natural disaster when streets need to be cleared to allow fluid movement of emergency vehicles. • Parking at curb locations designated (usually through signage and/or curb or pavement painting) for special purposes such as passenger zones (for loading and discharge), commercial vehicle zones (for freight or service trucks and vans), police or government vehicle zones, etc. • Parking at locations during scheduled street sweeping. • Parking at locations during posted construction or maintenance operations. • Parking for longer than the maximum time, often that is 24 hours. • Parking facing against the direction of traffic (considered confusing to moving drivers, especially at night). • Parking outside marked squares, for example angle parking where only parallel parking is allowed. • Parking near a red zone. A penalty or parking ticket could result if any of the above criteria are met. Greeting: 6 important things to remember… i. Make the customer feel welcome and appreciated. ii. Make eye contact when greeting the customer. iii. Never address a customer from behind – that’s scary and creates unwanted pressure. iv. Address customers from a reasonable distance -- no shouting across the store/work station. v. Create your unique, memorable greeting vi. Never stop greeting! If you pass customers / colleagues in the store/company, make sure to acknowledge them with a friendly smile! Body Language (Nonverbal Signals) Body language refers to the nonverbal signals that you use to communicate your feelings and intentions. It includes your posture, your facial expressions, and your hand gestures. The ability to understand and to interpret body language can help you to pick up on unspoken issues, problems or negative feelings that other people might have. You can also use it in a positive way to add strength to your verbal messages. 118

PHB Logistics Negative body language includes: • Folded arms. • Tense facial expression. • Body turned away from you. • Poor eye contact. Positive body language includes: • Open body position (arms unfolded). • Upright posture. • Relaxed and open facial expression. • Arms hanging relaxed by the sides. • Regular eye contact. Verify Customer-By inspecting valid ID Cards You can verify the customer by inspecting his/her valid ID Cards such as:- • Passport • Driving License • Pan Card • Voter Card • Aadhar Card COD and POD Cash on delivery and delivery versus payment describe different procedures and timing of payments. Cash on delivery describes a transaction in which the payment of a good or service is made when the good or service is delivered. Delivery versus payment is a type of transaction that deals with securities in which the cash payment must be made before or during delivery. Cash on delivery generally deals with goods, and the transaction stipulates that the purchaser must pay for the goods when they are delivered. If the purchaser fails to pay for the goods upon delivery, the goods are returned to the seller. For example, assume a purchaser agrees to make a cash payment for electronic devices that are being shipped from China. The buyer and seller sign a shipping contract, which stipulates the buyer make the cash payment when the goods are delivered. However, if the buyer fails to make the payment, he is responsible for all shipping costs and the goods are returned to the seller. Therefore, the buyer and seller agree to a cash on delivery transaction. Conversely, delivery versus payment, also known as delivery against payment, is a type of transaction that deals with securities. This transaction stipulates that securities are delivered to a 119

PHB Logistics specified recipient only when a payment is made. It is a settlement method to ensure transfer of securities only occurs when payments are made. Cash on delivery (COD) is a type of transaction in which the recipient makes payment for a good at the time of delivery. If the purchaser does not make payment when the good is delivered, then the good is returned to the seller. Cash option on the P.O.D shipments can be availed by customers on signing the merchant registration form with GIGL. Send an email for Payment On Delivery registration. In COD process, only cash payment is made to the supplier by the buyer after consignment is delivered. However, the process of COD begins from the moment your order is placed. ... On product delivery, the payment is always collected in cash, from which 'cash on delivery' phrase originated. If Customer does not have Money at the Time of Collection:- • Wait if the customer shall arrange in few minutes • Fix another appointment and note the time • If the time fits in the route before getting back, visit again • If time does not fit in the days plan, schedule in the next day Cash collection Cash collection is a function of Accounts receivable. It is the recovery of cash from a business or individual with which you have issued an Invoice. Unpaid invoices are considered outstanding. Invoices are always issued with terms of payment. These terms vary widely from 'Cash terms', meaning that the invoice is due immediately, to many forms of 'Credit terms' (for example 30 days from date of invoice). Invoices which remain unpaid for periods longer than their 'terms' indicate are considered overdue. It is the aim of the Cash collection function of a business to collect Monies for all outstanding invoices before they become overdue and to mediate payment arrangements to ensure that invoiced debts do not become doubtful or bad. Handling Customer on not Available Situations It is very common that sometimes, customers will not be available. Standard procedure should be followed based on your organization during such instances. Generally the following steps will be done.  Call the customer and politely explain the situation  If package is paid and does not require signature, hand over to the person specified by the customer  Get the receivers name and Signature and acknowledge that the package was delivered in good condition.  Thank receiver and leave the premises. 120

PHB Logistics  If package needs cash /signature required, fix an alternative and convenient time to redeliver.  If Customer Could not be contacted:- o If the customer could not be contacted, leave behind a missing delivery note o The delivery note will have information on customer call back for rescheduling delivery. o Re-plan the delivery in the next schedule or as scheduled by the customer 121

PHB Logistics Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Summary  An inspection ensures that your vehicle conforms to safety or emissions regulations. If you are not looking to buy or sell a vehicle, an inspection ensures your car runs at peak performance.  The order picker moves to collect the products necessary for one order. This is a simple method of order picking which requires sending an employee around the warehouse with an order list and a box or container. The picker pulls each item, following the most efficient route.  In COD process, only cash payment is made to the supplier by the buyer after consignment is delivered. However, the process of COD begins from the moment your order is placed. On product delivery, the payment is always collected in cash, from which 'cash on delivery' phrase originated.  An identity verification service is used by businesses to ensure that users or customers provide information that is associated with the identity of a real person. Identity verification service is used both online and in person to verify identity. Exercise 1. You observe wrong dates in the delivery date determination. How can we correct this? a) Adjust the relevant transportation duration per route b) Use wave pick and the wave pick monitor c) Modify scheduling of the MRP run d) Use a scheduling job for collective processing of documents due for deliverys 122

PHB Logistics Chapter 15: Record location of consignment in ERP periodically to track movement and compliance to schedule Unit Objectives At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. Prepare Computer and Tracking System 2. ERP Consignment Management 3. Types of Inventory Management Systems 15.1 Prepare Computer and Tracking System Computer is an important tool used by the consignment tracking ‘executive for tracking and tracing products and services. The individual in this position must be able to understand the basic working of a computer system, its technical details, operations and controls for an efficient work. Tracking system: A tracking system is used for the observing of persons or objects on the move and supplying a timely ordered sequence of location data for further processing. Indoors assets are tracked repetitively reading e.g. a barcode, any passive and active RFID and feeding read data into Work in Progress models (WIP) or Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) or ERP software. The readers required per choke point are meshed auto-ID or hand-held ID applications. However tracking could also be capable of providing monitoring data without binding to a fixed location by using a cooperative tracking capability, e.g. an RTLS. A Vehicle tracking system uses the automatic vehicle location in individual vehicles with software that collects these truck data for a comprehensive picture of vehicle locations. Modern vehicle tracking systems commonly use GPS – Global Positioning System technology for locating the vehicle. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software. The status of the truck movement, parking details can be viewed using the tracking software in the computer system by the consignment tracking executive for information updates. A GPS tracking system uses the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network. This network incorporates a range of satellites that use microwave signals that are transmitted to GPS devices to give 123

PHB Logistics information on location, vehicle speed, time and direction. So, a GPS tracking system can potentially give both real-time and historic navigation data on any kind of journey. Regardless of the tracking technology, for the most part the end-users just want to locate themselves or wish to find points of interest. The reality is that there is no \"one size fits all\" solution with locating technology for all conditions and applications. Application of tracking is a substantial basis for vehicle tracking in fleet management, asset management, individual navigation, social networking, or mobile resource management and more. Company, group or individual interests can benefit from more than one of the offered technologies depending on the context. GPS applications: GPS has global coverage but can be hindered by line-of-sight issues caused by buildings and urban canyons. RFID is excellent and reliable indoors or in situations where close proximity to tag readers is feasible, but has limited range and still requires costly readers. RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification. This technology uses electromagnetic waves to receive the signal from the targeting object to then save the location on a reader that can be looked at through specialized software. Real-time Locating Systems (RTLS): RTLS are enabled by Wireless LAN systems (according to IEEE 802.11) or other wireless systems (according to IEEE 802.15) with multilateration. Such equipment is suitable for certain confined areas, such as campuses and office buildings. RTLS require system-level deployments and server functions to be effective. 15.2 ERP Consignment Management Consignment inventory management will enable companies to improve supply chain efficiency and alleviate order fulfillment issues. Having a well thought out Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in a business will ensure that the consignment inventory management strategies will work. To solve all the potential problems that a retailer might face with consignment inventory, consider appropriating these tactics. 1. Look for Mobile Data Tools Integrating ERP to the existing business models is necessary for mobile data collection capabilities and consignment inventory strategies. Some mobile data tools like barcode scanners will collect real- time information on the inventory. 124

PHB Logistics Furthermore, automatically cataloging processes enables the business or retailer to move data to the ERP system. The process will reduce any need for data entry. When data entry options are used, you might introduce room for errors and make it harder to track the inventory. 2. Integrate ERP to the Framework ERP integration will provide the business with accurate information about the inventory levels within a consignment stock. The integration will eliminate compatibility and synchronization issues. Some of the ERP integration tools will assist with:  Reducing errors by eradicating manual processes.  Remove user data entry burden through automatic ERP updates.  Automatic data compilation from multiple sources.  Enable employees to focus on other targets rather than data entry. 3. Remote Management With the mobile data collection tools, you can efficiently conduct remote site management. The ERP system synchronizes automatically to provide the retailer with real-time inventory data. These remote management tools can also play a huge role in boosting coordination between the supplier or wholesaler and retailer. These tactics will lay a foundation for any software that the retailer might opt to use for better consignment inventory management. They will assist with:  Simplifying management tasks  Creating audit trials  Reducing asset damages  Boosting inventory transparency  Identifying when inventory is low 15.3 Types of Inventory Management Systems To stay ahead of your competition, you ought to learn about your inventory. Knowing what is in the warehouse assists with future procurement decisions and eases your distribution tasks. You need an all-encompassing system to deal with the when, where, and how to place the inventory. 1. Perpetual Inventory Management System Using this system will enhance continual updates of the inventory records. When using this system, you need to be confident that all the information you attain can be up to date. Also, it ensures that the employees will not spend their time repeatedly checking the stock levels. It’s a system which can save you money and time. However, you must check the available technology to ensure that there will be efficient inventory management solutions. You also need to know of the different downsides that you have to consider with the perpetual system. 125

PHB Logistics  Special software – The perpetual system will require you to look for specialized software. It can, in return, add to the budget of maintaining the system.  Frequent updates – This can be an advantage and a disadvantage. An advantage in that you will attain the best developments within your inventory management system. You can stay up to date with the best features and boost your efficiency. It can also be a disadvantage if the updates will take long before installing.  Possibility for discrepancies – Without frequent physical inventory counts, there can be a mismatch in the recorded and actual inventory. 2. Periodic Inventory Management System Both perpetual and periodic systems will highlight when the inventory data is fed into your system. With the periodic system, data is fed at a particular time. Smaller organizations can enjoy this since they can easily maintain small product amounts. With a smaller business, it’ll be easier to conduct physical counts of the inventory. However, this can have some downsides for both smaller and larger companies.  Estimating the cost of goods – It might not be ideal with consignment inventory since you’ll need to estimate the cost of goods. It might lead to significant adjustments after the data has been updated.  No information on the costs of sold materials – The ending inventory balances might differ since the sold materials’ data will not be accurate or available. 126

PHB Logistics Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Summary  Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software is perfect for businesses that search for data analysis and automation as well as infrastructure integration. Logistics is the industry where the well-oiled machine of the data streaming and process management is vital.  Organizations use Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software to manage business information, integrate various disparate systems, streamline workflows, and achieve efficiency.  ERP software helps the supply chain management industry by streamlining all business functions to manage information flow. Exercise 1. Which of the following describes an ERP system? A) ERP systems provide a foundation for collaboration between departments B) ERP systems enable people in different business areas to communicate C) ERP systems have been widely adopted in large organisations to store critical knowledge used to make the decisions that drive the organisation's performance D) All of the above 2. What is at the heart of any ERP system? A) Information B) Employees C) Customers D) Database 127

PHB Logistics Chapter 16: Gate Operations Unit Objectives At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. About Gate Operations 2. Key Features and Benefits 16.1 Gate Operations In an industry where every moment and movement matters, ports are seeking ways to manage their terminal operations with ease and in real time. Terminal operators know that effective and efficient gate operations are critical to the flow of cargo and traffic within a terminal. Gate operations benefits:  Rapid cargo transfers via paperless Kiosk  Reduce driver queuing time at gates  Streamline pre-noted cargo access  User-friendly and intuitive interface for ease of use Paperless rapid throughput Manage gates in real time on touchscreen and mobile devices, controlling and monitoring truck and cargo movements to increase efficiency. Keep detailed information about vehicle visits, instantly control and monitor gate flows, and integrate gate operations with both pre-advice processing and 128

PHB Logistics your vehicle booking system. Get real-time updates on all truck processing within the terminal, and monitor and analyze detailed KPIs. Efficient cargo transfer with Kiosk Pre-noting cargo assists faster cargo processing, and can be done via EDI, contacting the port directly, or via a Web Portal. Without pre-noted cargo, truck drivers approaching a terminal gate must exit their vehicle, then queue to speak with a gate clerk who will process their cargo receipt or deposit. This process can be lengthy and cause delays further up the chain resulting in cost implications. Speed up inter-terminal cargo transfers, and access to pre-noted cargo in and out of a terminal using paperless PIN and gate touchscreen kiosks. Automated entry in three easy steps:  Input vehicle registration – Documentation will automatically be linked from the pre-note(s) to the registered vehicle.  Input PIN – All pre-noted cargo is assigned a unique PIN for use specifically through terminal gates.  Select vehicle action and note door direction – Choose either cargo set down or pick up, and confirm door direction. The boom gate will automatically raise and the truck driver can enter to either receive or deposit their cargo. Removing queuing at entry delivers increased time efficiencies that flow through the wider supply chain. Integrated, configurable, user-friendly Gate operations are integrated with pre-advice processing and truck visit appointment booking system. Terminals are able to define multiple gates and configure process flow for interchange lanes, boom gates, RFID tag readers, and administrative and physical cargo checks 16.2 Key Features and Benefits  Ability to instantly control and monitor gate flows.  Responsive gate entry forms to maximise user productivity. All data is validated at entry time.  Verification of truck driver identification, cross-referenced with vehicle registration and transport company.  Detailed vehicle visit record information, with real-time updates on all truck processing within the terminal.  Full customizable cut-offs at multiple levels of cargo, operator, status etc.  Easy and accurate modelling of cargo movement through terminal. 129

PHB Logistics  KPI monitoring and analysis including dynamic turn times and configurable waiting alerts.  Supports EIRs and gate interchange receipts. Trucking operators can access gate receipts.  Configurable stops (holds) for every purpose and cargo type, to prevent or permit different levels of cargo behavior.  Automated stop application and removal by EDI input.  Handheld applications for detailed and configurable cargo checking.  Record digital images of damaged cargo, including from mobile devices. 130

PHB Logistics Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Summary  Environmental sustainability is an objective shared by many actors along the supply chain. The emergence of greenness as a strategy favoring supply-chain integration can help improve various processes behind supply chain management.  In many cases, “greenness” has become a requirement for suppliers of manufacturers and retailers, such as in the food sector (e.g. organic and fair trade food).  Reverse logistics is the opposite of the standard supply chain. The goods move from the end user back to the seller or manufacturer. It can include returns from e-commerce and retail, as well as components for refurbishing and remanufacturing. The products may be resold or disposed of permanently. Exercise 1. ____________ is a Japanese term meaning continuous improvement. a. JIT b. Kaizen c. TQM d. Taguchi Map 2. In supply chain management, after planning, the next step involves ______________. a. Developing b. Building a strong relationship with suppliers c. Sourcing d. All of the above 131

PHB Logistics Chapter 17: Consignment Pickup and Tracking Unit Objectives At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. About Consignment Pickup and Tracking 17.1 Consignment Pickup and Tracking Obtain requisite information for shipment pick-up  Obtain daily schedule and list of packages to be picked up with pickup time, customer details such as company name, address, and contact details, shipment to be picked up, etc. from the coordinator.  Determine whether the customer has an existing account with the company or if a new account has to be created.  Find out from the backend support team if there has been any cancellations and update the list.  Understand priorities among orders and deadlines if any from coordinator.  Understand the criticality of delivering order/courier on time to the client.  Obtain the optimal routing sequence from the coordinator. Prepare to pick up packages  Collect necessary equipment such as Global Positioning System (GPS), tracking devices, sacks to store received shipment, etc.  Perform a quick inspection of the vehicle to ensure that it is in suitable condition and ready for the day's trip.  Report any issues with vehicle such as vehicle not starting, flat tire, etc. and have it rectified.  Ensure sufficient availability of forms and other stationery. Monitor pickup and delivery activities  Compile the list of delivery and collection executives, task schedules and routes for delivery/pick-up  Obtain real time updates from the delivery and collection executives on delivery/pick-up activities  Follow-up with the executives to check the status, if the updates are not received  Ensure delivery and pick-up timelines are met 132

PHB Logistics Identify and resolve pickup and delivery activity related problems  Constantly monitor 'shape of the day' based on work load of different tasks and re-deploy resources as per demand.  Identify problems reported by executives.  Understand the problem and guide the concerned executives to solve it.  Utilize the assistance of 'sweep' vehicles for delivery/pick-up in case of emergencies Global Positioning System GPS stands for Global Positioning System. GPS units receive signals from United States Government satellites that they use to determine location. Depending on the unit, a GPS can pinpoint your position in up to three dimensions— latitude, longitude and altitude.  It is important because the System helps an average person to locate herself precisely anywhere on the planet without having to be too much technically literate and for free.  It allows you to locate yourself on the high seas or featureless Saharan desert where there may not be any landmarks to orient yourself because it does not depend on any terrestrial system such as as its predesessor LORAN (because it is space based). Remeber, all printed maps require some kind of landmarks and routes on them for reference to be useful, still they do not 'show' your own location on them, a GPS receiver does.  Because it allows for rescue of fellow humans in situations such as natural disasters like earthquakes in a timely manner which was not possible before  Because it encourages the innate desire of humans to explore the unknown lands without the fear of not being able to return  Because it quietly helps protect our soldiers in times of conflict and in hostile lands by helping them navigate themselves and by helping others to find them if needed  These are some of more important reasons. However one could find many recreational and commercial reasons as well. Navigation services GPS is popularly used for navigational purposes, such as driving and flying. A GPS-enabled PDA can help a driver to navigate unfamiliar cities. GPS is also widely used in the shipping industry as well as in airplane navigational systems. Courier companies such as UPS and FedEx make extensive use of GPS in their delivery infrastructures. Handling normal situations  Arrive at the destination.  Meet the concerned person in the company.  If the customer does not have an account, have them fill out forms to create a new account.  Collect and inspect the package for type of product and its condition.  Request the customer to fill out the package collection forms and complete the paperwork, and guide the customer on filling the paperwork, if required. 133

PHB Logistics  Ensure all the necessary details have been filled out in the paperwork  Hand over customer copy of the receipt with the expected delivery date and acknowledging the collection of the package in good condition.  Point out the tracking number and explain to the customer how to track the package.  Get the customer's signature where required.  Thank the customer and leave premises Package tracking or package logging is the process of localizing shipping containers, mail and parcel post at different points of time during sorting, warehousing, and package delivery to verify their provenance and to predict and aid delivery. Package tracking developed historically because it provided customers information about the route of a package and the anticipated date and time of delivery. This was important because mail delivery often included multiple carriers in varying environmental circumstances, which made it possible for a mail to get lost. To identify the location of the mail, two methods have been used. One approach involves reporting the arrival or departure of the package and recording the identity of the package, the location, the time, and the status. This approach has been used for package tracking provided by the delivery companies, such as Deutsche Post, United Parcel Service, AirRoad, or FedEx. Another approach is to use a GPS-based vehicle tracking system to locate the vehicle that contains the package and record it in a real-time database. As package tracking technologies have evolved, it has also become possible to increase the amount of information and metrics returned about a package and to report beside its location also temperature, humidity, pressure, acceleration, elevation and exposure to light at different time points—factors that are important for delicate or perishable contents. 134

PHB Logistics Dealing with delays or cancellations  If the package is not ready, understand from the contact person why the package is not ready and when the package would be ready.  If it is a short time, wait in premises, collect package, finish paper work and leave.  If the wait time is long or uncertain, fix up another time at which the package would be picked up.  Keep the supervisor informed of any delays  If the order has been cancelled, get customer to sign off on a slip to acknowledge cancellation and proceed to next pick up point.  Change the day plan accordingly to accommodate all the pick-ups. Cancel a shipment or amend a pick-up request (From Customer’s Prospective) Almost all courier companies allow the cancellation of the pick-up request or changes in the order. Again, it varies from one company to another and different rules apply. With some, you might be able to do it yourself in your customer account, with others you will have to contact them and require the change. Note that, in case you decide to cancel the order, you won’t necessarily get a reimbursement for the money spent. This is a more common case with parcel brokers who just pass the order to courier service provider. Given the fact that costs are already incurred when the order is confirmed with a courier service provider, you might not be entitled to receive a full or partial refund. Check with the couriers before deciding to cancel an order and see what the options are. 135

PHB Logistics How to write mail or inform to customer 136

PHB Logistics Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Summary  Consignment Tracking Executives are also known as Consignment Trackers or Consignment Tracking Clerks. Individuals in this role are responsible for tracking each consignment at regular intervals as it moves from origin to its destination along the suggested route.  Courier Pick-up Executives are also known as Pick-up Executives or Courier Collection Executives. Individuals in this role are on-the- road staff who are responsible for collecting packages from the corporate customer's doorstep, completing the paperwork, and delivering the package to the local collection center. Exercise 1. In Supply Chain Management, ATP stands for _________. a. Acquire Track & Perform b. Available To Promise c. Active Transport Protocol d. Access To Point. 2. ________is the primary activity of supply chain management. a. Demand Management b. Supply Planning i.e matching assets with demand c. Analytics Workbench d. All of the above. 137

PHB Logistics Chapter 18: Guidelines on Integrity and Ethics Unit Objectives At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. About Integrity & Ethics at Workplace 18.1 Integrity Integrity is doing the right thing (through your words, actions and beliefs) when no one is watching. Integrity is important at work for a number of reasons, including that it:  Makes an individual more attractive to potential employers throughout the hiring process  Fosters consistency in employees’ work  Ensures that employees are doing the highest quality of work possible  Allows individuals to form respectful and trusting relationships with coworkers and managers  Encourages open and honest communication with others  Ensures employees regularly abide by company policies and procedures  Supports responsible behavior in every aspect of a person’s work  Empowers employees to take responsibility for their work and admit when they are wrong so they can promptly make appropriate changes How to demonstrate integrity in the workplace:  Respect and follow company policies – Workplace policies are created to guide you on best practices for everything from conduct to dress code. Following your company policy enables you to make informed decisions based on the business’ values and objectives.  Be ready to work – Many of us know people who are willing to delegate but hesitant to get their hands dirty. Employees with integrity, on the other hand, are willing to go above and beyond with their own work and help others out if the situation calls for it.  Lead by example – Your working style and attitude towards others will help set a solid foundation for what you value most in others, especially people who report to you. Working to a high standard and maintaining professional conduct encourages others to follow suit. 138

PHB Logistics  Respect others’ opinions, even if you don’t agree with them – No matter how great your working environment may be, chances are there will be times when you simply don’t agree with someone else’s opinion. In these cases, it’s still important to be respectful, listen, and take on board what the other person is saying.  Be accountable for your mistakes – Everybody makes mistakes from time to time. Owning up to and being accountable for your mistakes demonstrates that you’re honest and open to constructive feedback – both traits that are common to people with a high degree of workplace integrity. 18.2 Importance of Ethics Business ethics is the study of appropriate business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial subjects including corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility, and fiduciary responsibilities. Most of us would agree that it is ethics in practice that makes sense; just having it carefully drafted and redrafted in books may not serve the purpose. Of course all of us want businesses to be fair, clean and beneficial to the society. For that to happen, organizations need to abide by ethics or rule of law, engage themselves in fair practices and competition; all of which will benefit the consumer, the society and organization. Primarily it is the individual, the consumer, the employee or the human social unit of the society who benefits from ethics. In addition ethics is important because of the following:  Satisfying Basic Human Needs: Being fair, honest and ethical is one the basic human needs. Every employee desires to be such himself and to work for an organization that is fair and ethical in its practices.  Creating Credibility: An organization that is believed to be driven by moral values is respected in the society even by those who may have no information about the working and the businesses or an organization. Infosys, for example is perceived as an organization for good corporate governance and social responsibility initiatives. This perception is held far and wide even by those who do not even know what business the organization is into.  Uniting People and Leadership: An organization driven by values is revered by its employees also. They are the common thread that brings the employees and the decision makers on a common platform. This goes a long way in aligning behaviors within the organization towards achievement of one common goal or mission.  Improving Decision Making: A man’s destiny is the sum total of all the decisions that he/she takes in course of his life. The same holds true for organizations. Decisions are driven by 139

PHB Logistics values. For example an organization that does not value competition will be fierce in its operations aiming to wipe out its competitors and establish a monopoly in the market.  Long Term Gains: Organizations guided by ethics and values are profitable in the long run, though in the short run they may seem to lose money. Tata group, one of the largest business conglomerates in India was seen on the verge of decline at the beginning of 1990’s, which soon turned out to be otherwise. The same company’s Tata NANO car was predicted as a failure, and failed to do well but the same is picking up fast now.  Securing the Society: Often ethics succeeds law in safeguarding the society. The law machinery is often found acting as a mute spectator, unable to save the society and the environment. Technology, for example is growing at such a fast pace that the by the time law comes up with a regulation we have a newer technology with new threats replacing the older one. Lawyers and public interest litigations may not help a great deal but ethics can. Ethics tries to create a sense of right and wrong in the organizations and often when the law fails, it is the ethics that may stop organizations from harming the society or environment. 140

PHB Logistics Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Summary  Integrity in the workplace comes in many forms, but above all refers to having upstanding character traits and work ethics including sound judgement, honesty, dependability, and loyalty. You practise and encourage open and honest communication. You are responsible for your actions.  Integrity leads to the decision to do the right thing by co-workers, customers, and stakeholders alike. It also keeps our employees honest – after all, no one will give their business to an organisation that doesn't keep their word.  Workplace ethics ensures positive ambience at the workplace. Workplace ethics leads to happy and satisfied employees who enjoy coming to work rather than treating it as a mere source of burden. Employees also develop a feeling of loyalty and attachment towards the organization. Exercise 1) ………………………………………….skills such as writing, speaking and body language are important work ethics so that you can be clear in your messages to others. a. Communication b. Cooperation c. Honesty d. Integrity 2) It is always important to……………………. yourself, others and the place where you work. a. Appearance b. Cooperate c. Communicate d. Respect. 141

PHB Logistics Chapter 19: Compliance to health, safety and security norms Unit Objectives At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. About health, safety and security norms at Workplace 19.1 Classes of Fire and Proper Types of Extinguishers The Fire Triangle or Combustion Triangle or ″Fire Diamond ″ are simple models for understanding the necessary ingredients for most fires. The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen). In order to properly extinguish a fire, you must be familiar with the three MOST common classes of fires, which are based on fuel type:  Class A - Ordinary combustibles including wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics  Class B - Flammable liquids (burn at room temperature) and combustible liquids (need heat to ignite) including gasoline, kerosene, and oil  Class C - electrical fires The MOST common types of extinguishers used in healthcare systems are: 142

PHB Logistics  Pressurized dry chemical (ABC or BC)  Carbon dioxide (CO2) Note: Water-filled fire extinguishers may NOT be appropriate for use in some areas of a healthcare facility due to the presence of class B and C ignition sources. When using an extinguisher, use the PASS system - Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.  Pull the pin on the extinguisher.  Aim the extinguisher.  Squeeze the trigger or top handle.  Sweep the fire area with the extinguisher's spray until the fire is completely out. 143

PHB Logistics 19.2 Chain of Survival The chain of survival refers to a series of actions that, properly executed, reduce the mortality associated with cardiac arrest. Like any chain, the chain of survival is only as strong as its weakest link. The four interdependent links in the chain of survival are early access, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early advanced cardiac life support. Recognizing Medical Emergencies Getting medical help right away for someone who is having a medical emergency can save their life. This article describes the warning signs of a medical emergency and how to be prepared. Information The following are warning signs of a medical emergency:  Bleeding that will not stop  Breathing problems (difficulty breathing, shortness of breath)  Change in mental status (such as unusual behavior, confusion, difficulty arousing)  Chest pain  Choking  Coughing up or vomiting blood  Fainting or loss of consciousness  Feeling of committing suicide or murder  Head or spine injury  Severe or persistent vomiting  Sudden injury due to a motor vehicle accident, burns or smoke inhalation, near drowning, deep or large wound, or other injuries  Sudden, severe pain anywhere in the body  Sudden dizziness, weakness, or change in vision 144

PHB Logistics  Swallowing a poisonous substance  Severe abdominal pain or pressure BE PREPARED:  Determine the location and quickest route to the nearest emergency department before an emergency happens.  Keep emergency phone numbers posted by your home phone. Also enter the numbers into your cell phone. Everyone in your household, including children, should know when and how to call these numbers. These numbers include: fire department, police department, poison control center, ambulance center, your doctors' phone numbers, contact numbers of neighbors or nearby friends or relatives, and work phone numbers.  Know at which hospital(s) your doctor practices and, if practical, go there in an emergency.  Wear a medical identification tag if you have a chronic condition or look for one on a person who has any of the symptoms mentioned.  Get a personal emergency response system if you're an older adult, especially if you live alone. WHAT TO DO IF SOMEONE NEEDS HELP:  Stay calm, and call your local emergency number (such as 102).  Start CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) or rescue breathing, if necessary and if you know the proper technique.  Place a semiconscious or unconscious person in the recovery position until the ambulance arrives. DO NOT move the person, however, if there has been or may have been a neck injury. Upon arriving at an emergency room, the person will be evaluated right away. Life- or limb- threatening conditions will be treated first. People with conditions that are not life- or limb- threatening may have to wait. CALL YOUR LOCAL EMERGENCY NUMBER (SUCH AS 102) IF:  The person's condition is life threatening (for example, the person is having a heart attack or severe allergic reaction)  The person's condition could become life threatening on the way to the hospital  Moving the person could cause further injury (for example, in case of a neck injury or motor vehicle accident)  The person needs the skills or equipment of paramedics  Traffic conditions or distance might cause a delay in getting the person to the hospital 19.3 Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies, including a heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. 145

PHB Logistics CPR in Adult: CPR in Child: 146

PHB Logistics A Scene on CPR  Here 911 is emergency number.  Here AED means Automated External Defibrillator. “A defibrillator is a device that gives a high energy electric shock to the heart through the chest wall to someone who is in cardiac arrest. This high energy shock is called defibrillation, and it's an essential lifesaving step in the chain of survival.” 19.4 First Aid Accidents or illness can happen to anyone at any time, whether at home, at work or at school. First aid covers the steps taken to help an injured or sick person in the first minutes after the event. Often this first aid can help someone feel better, recover more quickly, and can even save lives. 147

PHB Logistics First aid can be useful in many different situations, from sprains to electric shocks to heart attacks. Why learn first aid? If you learn the basics of first aid, you might one day save the life of a loved one, colleague or stranger. First aid might involve a simple action, such as placing a person in the correct position to breathe freely. It might involve a more skilled activity, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if they have stopped breathing. First Aid Kit:- Consider purchasing a commercially available first aid kit or making your own. Having one available around the house, in your car, and at your place of work is essential. Common items found in a first aid kit are:  Bandages, roller bandages and tape  (Sterile) Gauze  Antiseptic wipes and swabs  Absorbent compresses  Antibiotic cream  Burn ointment  Mask for breathing (rescue breathing/CPR)  Chemical cold pack  Eye shield and eye wash  First aid reference guide that includes local phone numbers. 148

PHB Logistics Notes __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Summary  A first aider is someone who is qualified to give first aid treatment in the event of an injury or illness. First aid is the help given to someone who is injured or ill, to keep them safe until they can get more advanced medical treatment by seeing a doctor, health professional or go to hospital.  Risk assessments are designed to take a thorough look at the workplace and its working practices to assess if anything presents a risk to people. Undertaking a risk assessment is a legal requirement for every employer and, if the business has five or more employees, the findings must be written down.  First thing to do in a fire: Activate the first fire alarm you see and try to help others to evacuate the building. Close doors behind you to help prevent the fire from spreading. Follow the evacuation procedure if you're at your workplace or follow the escape route signs if you're a visitor. Listen to instructions given by the Fire Marshal. Exercise 1) Which of these is the first step to take when conducting a risk assessment? a. Evaluate the risk b. Identify the hazards c. Review your findings d. Update risk assessments. 2) Where Would You Go If Your Fire Alarm Was Activated? a. To Your Manager’s Office b. Go To Your Car & Wait c. Exit The Building And Go Home d. To The Fire Assembly Point 149

PHB Logistics Key Terms in Warehousing There is a lot of terminology used in the supply chain and warehousing industry. When it comes to day-to-day operations and general warehouse configuration it can be good to know what certain terms mean to help better understand those processes. That’s where we come in!  Allocation – Demand or sales order is designated against the inventory of a specific item  Batch Picking – Order picking method where orders are grouped into small batches and the picker will pick all orders in that batch at once  Case – unit of measurement where a group of eaches/individual pieces are packaged together  Case Picking – the act of picking a case for an order  Containerization – using standardized types of containers for the storage and transport of materials within a facility. Containers can range from totes, crates, boxes, etc.  Cross-docking – Goods are taken from an inbound trailer and placed immediately on an outbound trailer without ever being stored in the warehouse  Each – individual piece (usually the smallest unit of measurement)  List Picking – Order picking method where the picker will pick from multiple orders on a list  Pick face – area of storage accessible to the picker  SKU – Stock Keeping Unit, a unique identifier for every sellable unit  Slotting – optimizing storage location in a warehouse to maximize efficiency (based on item velocity, pick face dimensions, and cubic velocity)  Transportation Management System – software package that manages shipment manifesting, rate shopping, fleet management, routing, trailer management, yard management, carrier management, and freight cost management.  Wave Picking – Order picking method where all zones are picked at the same time and the items are later sorted and consolidated into individual orders/shipments  Warehouse Management System – software package that manages receiving, putaway, and shipping in a warehouse  Zone Picking – Order picking method where pickers are assigned to only pick from a specified “zone” of the warehouse. Picks for an order are passed to the next zone usually by conveyor. 150