E-LESSON-2

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BSC.TTM 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL MANAGING TRANSPORT OPERATIONS Course Code: BBT 102 Semester: First SLM Units : 2 E-LESSON : 2 www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102)

Introduction of Travel and transport 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION Student will be able to : In this unit we are going to learn about transport System To learn about the transport System in India To understand about the various modes of Under this unit you will analyze and Transport like –Air ,Road Rail and Water understand the various modes of transport such as Air, Road , Rail and Water transport. www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) INASlTl ITriUgThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEd AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > Introduction of Transport System > Various Modes of Transport >  Rail Transport  Road Transport >  Water Transport  Airways www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Introduction To Transport System  Transport is a system in which passengers & goods are 5 carried from one place to another. Well known and coordinated transportation plays an important role in the sustained economic growth of a country.  When different regions of a country start specializing in certain selected products, the need for exchange automatically arises. Exchange of product or sending products to other places involves transportation. Transport ,in fact , provides a vital link between production centres , distribution areas and the ultimate customers. In India, it has attained a magnificent growth over the years both in expansion of network as well as output. . www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Transport and its Importance 6 Importance of Transportation 1) Solve problem unemployment 2) Supplying machineries 3) Protect people from difficulties of war 4) Establish relationship 5)Large scale production www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Modes of Transportation 7 1. Air Transport 2. Land Transport 3. Water Transport www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Railway Transport  Development and expansion of railways lays revolutionized 8 transport system world over. It is convenient mode of transport for long distance and suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.  It has played a crucial role in industrialization and development of nations. Indian railways began their operation in april-1853 when the first railway steamed off from Bombay to Thane , a stretch of 34 km.  Over the years the Indian railway system has grown to be the largest in Asia and 2nd largest in world. As far as of route lengths is concerned, Indian railway system is 4th largest in the world after US, Russia and China.  For freight traffic point of view it is 4 th but substantially behind these 3 railway system. On the eve of independence, our railway system was under severe strain but gradually modernized and rehabilitated. www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Railway Transport 9  During the 6th plan government kept an outlay of Rs.5100 Cr for railways – out of which Rs.2100 cr was for rolling stock and Rs.500 cr for track renewals.  Finally Rs.6573 cr was spent according to 11th five year plan document main objective of government of India was 1. Capacity enhancement 2. Technology upgradation 3. Safety and passenger amenities 4. Attaining higher maintaince standards www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Railway Transport 10  Indian Railways is one of the largest railways under single management.  It carries some 18 million passengers and 2 million tons of freight a day and is one of the world’s largest employer.  The railways play a leading role in carrying passengers and cargo across India's vast territory.  The trains were introduced by the British in 1853.  The Indian railways improved a lot from then on to become the one of the longest railway networks in the world. www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Railway Transport 11  There are 16 railway zones in India.  There are almost 8000 railway stations in the country.  The total route length of the railway network is 64,061 km (39,806 mi).  About 46% of the railway route is electrified. The Indian railways uses 4 gauges: broad gauge, standard gauge, meter gauge, narrow gauge. www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

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Importance of Rail Transport  Indian railways carry most of long distances passenger traffic and 80% of total freight. 13  Indian railways provide employment to a huge number of people in the country.  Provide mail services.  They carry big chunks of goods from place of production to ports.  Iron and steel industries based upon railways as they transport raw materials and finished products from one place to another. www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Rail Networks In India 14  Route Length : 63028 km  Railway stations : 6867km  Railway Engines : 7517 km  Coaches : 36510 km  Wagons : 2, 44,519 km  Running Track : 1, 07,969 km  Electrified Track : 15127 km www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Indian Railways . Indian Railways is one of the largest railways under single management. 15  It carries some 18 million passengers and 2 million tons of freight a day and is one of the world’s largest employer.  The railways play a leading role in carrying passengers and cargo across India's vast territory.  The trains were introduced by the British in 1853. www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Indian Railways 16 .  The Indian railways improved a lot from then on to become the one of the longest railway networks in the world.  There are 16 railway zones in India. There are almost 8000 railway stations in the country.  The total route length of the railway network is 64,061 km (39,806 mi).  About 46% of the railway route is electrified. The Indian railways uses 4 gauges: broad gauge, standard gauge, meter gauge, narrow gauge. www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

UNESCO and Indian Railways 17  There are two UNESCO World Heritage Sites on IR — the Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Mountain railways of India.  The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, a narrow gauge railway in West Bengal.  The Nilgiri Mountain Railway, a meter gauge railway in the Nilgiri Hills in Tamil Nadu.  The Kalka-Shimla Railway, a narrow gauge railway in the Shivalik mountains in Himachal Pradesh www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

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ROAD TRANSPORT  Road transport is most suitable for short and medium distance where other means are unable to reach. 19  It provides door-to-door service , which is not possible with other means.  It is the most promising means of agricultural and industrial advancement of a country.  Today , it occupies a predominant position in the transport network in the country  Roads are the dominant mode of transportation in India today.  They carry almost 90 percent of the country’s passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight. www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

ROAD TRANSPORT 20  Roads are classified into following 4 categories  National highways - These roads links large cities and big industrial centers.  State Highways - These roads connects all important centres of industry, trade as well as commerce of the state and also national highways.  District Roads - These roads connect different parts of district , important industrial centres, important railway station.  Rural Roads- These are found in villages both pucca or Metalled and kutch or Non-Metalled. www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

ROAD TRANSPORT 21  Roads are the dominant mode of transportation in India today  They carry almost 90 percent of the country’s passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight.  National highways- The main roads constructed & maintained by the central government  It connects ports, state capitals, industrial and tourist centres  It span about 67,000 km & handle 40% of total road traffic  National lanes have :.single lanes (width 3.25 m), multi lanes (each have width 3.5 m), 14% have 4 or more lanes & 59% have 2 lanes or double lanes,rest 27% single laned  NHAI(National Highway Authority of India)  It was constituted in 19880  It is responsible for the development , maintenance and management of National Highways  It is currently undertaking developmental activities under (National Highways Development Project) www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

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Water Transport 24 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL  India has wide coast line of nearly 7,516.6 km.  India is dotted with 12 major and 187,notified non-major ports.  These major ports handle 95%of India’s foreign trade.  Transport facilities available along the vast coast line of the country through ships is called coastal shipping.  It is the cheapest mode of transport.  Generally speaking, Oceanic Transport means the movement of ships between the countries through sea routes.. www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102)

Water Transport 25 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL  Shipping – it is divided into 2 categories. (a)Coastal shipping (b) Overseas shipping  (a)Coastal shipping – India has a longest coastline of 7,517 km, number of ports,12 major and 200 non-major ports besides a vast hinterland  It is the most energy efficient and cheapest mode of transport for carriage of bulky goods like iron and steel, coal , iron ore , timber , etc over long distance www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102)

Water Transport Overseas shipping- 26  In this case, due to international trade considerable attention has been paid All right are reserved with CU-IDOL to raise shipping tonnage during planning era.  As a result, the share of Indian shipping in the transportation of India’s overseas trade has slowly and consistently increased in the planning period.  Presently, almost 90 percent of the country’s trade volume is moved by sea.  PORTS  In India, there are 12 major ports and 200 non-major ports along the coastline.  Major ports direct responsibility of central government while non-major ports are managed and administrated by the respective state government.  Further a major port project of Nhava sheva was sanctioned of an estimated cost of Rs. 592 Cr . www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102)

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Major Sea Ports 28 www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Air Transport 29 Air transport is of recent origin in the development of transport system of a country. Air transport provides the fastest practical means of transportation. Indian air transport is one of the fastest developing aviation sectors of the world. Features  Air transport is the most modern and the quickest mode of transport.  Air transport is very expensive, as the operating costs of airplanes are high.  Air transport provides comfortable, efficient and quick transport service.  Air transport requires less investment on infrastructure.  Air transport is free from physical barriers.  It plays a significant role in the national defense of the country.  Air transport is the most risky form of transport because the chances of accidents are greater in comparison to other modes of transport.  Air transport in India started between Allahabad & Naini (township in Allahabad) in 1911.  Airport authority of India was established on April 1, 1995 www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Major Airports In India 30 www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

31 Major Airports www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Air Transport 32 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL PROBLEMS OF AIR TRANSPORT IN INDIA  There are a small number of industrial and business centres as compared to the size of the country.  Heavy goods can’t be transported from one place to another by aero planes. The cost of aviation petrol is very high resulting in the high cost of operation and making air travel beyond the reach of middle classes.  The components and spare parts of the aero planes are imported from other countries.  This has impeded the growth of civil aviation of the country www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONES Q1. Air transport in India started between Allahabad & Naini (township in Allahabad) in 33 a) 1911 b) 1912 c) 1914 d) 1915 Q2. Airport authority of India was established on b) April 2 ,2005 a) April 1, 1995 d) April15, 2000 c) April 4,2001 Q3. (PRTS) stand for b) Passport Range Travel Service a) Passage Rail Transport service d) Passage report Trailing Spot c) Passenger Road Transport Service Q4. Indian Railway System is ____ largest in the World a) 5th (b) 4th c) 10th d) 15th Answer : Q1. (a), Q2. (a), Q3.(c), Q4. (b) www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION 34 Q1. Explain ‘Transportation system in India Ans : Transport is a system in which passengers & goods are carried from one place to another. Well known and coordinated transportation plays an important role in the sustained economic growth of a country. For further detail Please refer to SLM. Q2. Write detail note on Water and Air Transport . Ans :India has wide coast line of nearly 7,516.6 km. India is dotted with 12 major and 187,notified non-major ports. These major ports handle 95%of India’s foreign trade. Air transport is of recent origin in the development of transport system of a country. Air transport provides the fastest practical means of transportation. • Indian air transport is one of the fastest developing aviation sectors of the world. For further detail Please refer to SLM. www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY  Transport System : Transport ,in fact , provides a vital link between production centres , distribution areas and 3 5 the ultimate customers. In India, it has attained a magnificent growth over the years both in expansion of network as well as output.  Railways : Indian Railways is one of the largest railways under single management. It carries some 18 million passengers and 2 million tons of freight a day and is one of the world’s largest employer. The railways play a leading role in carrying passengers and cargo across India vast territory.  Road :Road transport is most suitable for short and medium distance where other means are unabletoreach. It provides door-to-door service , which is not possible with other means. It is the most promising means of agricultural and industrial advancement of a country. Today , it occupies a predominant position in the transport network in the country  Water : India has wide coast line of nearly 7,516.6 km. India is dotted with 12 major and 187,notified non-major ports. These major ports handle 95%of India’s foreign trade.  Air :. Air transport is the most modern and the quickest mode of transport. Air transport is very expensive, as the operating costs of airplanes are high. Air transport provides comfortable, efficient and quick transport service. www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFRENCES 36 Tourism: Operations and Management, 2009- S. Roday, Archana Biwal, Vandana Joshi- Oxford Publication Tourism: Principles and Practices, Oxford publication, Sampada Swain, Jitendra Mishra. Air Transportation - A Management Perspective,1984 -John G. Wensveen - 8th edition. Road Transportation, SM Trivedi - 2010 Benson, D. and Whitehead G. 1985, Transport and distribution, Longman, Harlow Page S. J, 1994, Transport and Tourism, 3rd edition, Routledge, London. International Tourism Management, A. K. Bhatiya, 2001, sterling publishers Pvt. Ltd. Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality Industry, Andrew S., 2007, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. Tourism and Travel Management, Ghosh B, 2007, Vikas Publication House Pvt. Ltd. The Traveling Public and Tourism Promoters, Mark Twain. www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

37 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-2 (BTT 102) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL