UNIT 2 AWS

AWS Fundamentals: AWS Elastic Compute Cloud UNIT 2: AWS ELASTIC COMPUTE CLOUD Structure 2.1 Learning Objectives 2.2 AWS Elastic Compute Cloud 2.3 AWS EC2 Instance 2.4 Advanced EC2 Features 2.5 Summary 2.6 Glossary 2.7 References 2.1 Learning Objectives After studying this unit, you will be able to: • Describe on AWS Elastic Compute Cloud • Explain the benefits of EC2 • Give an explanation on AWS EC2 Instance Types • Identify Advance Features of Amazon EC2 2.2 AWS Elastic Compute Cloud Amazon EC2 is an abbreviation of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud. It is one of the most used and most basic services in Amazon so it makes sense to start with EC2 when you are new to AWS. Amazon EC2 provides scalable computing capacity in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Cloud. Using Amazon EC2 eliminates your need to invest in hardware up front, so you can develop and deploy applications faster. You can use Amazon EC2 to launch as many or as few virtual servers as you need, configure security and networking, and manage storage. Amazon EC2 enables you to scale up or down to handle changes in requirements or spikes in popularity, reducing your need to forecast traffic. Page 1 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

AWS Fundamentals: AWS Elastic Compute Cloud Benefits: 1. Auto-scaling: Auto-scaling is basically providing resources according to the demand. They either scale up or scale down corresponding to the increase or decrease in demand which makes most businesses opts for AWS EC2. 2. Pay as you go: We have to pay only for what we have used. A company, XYZ might be using 100 servers normally, and on Mondays, it scales down to 50 servers. So, one has to pay for 50 servers for those days, not the usual fee for the usage of 100 servers. 3. Increased Readability: AWS is spread across 20 worldwide regions with 61 availability zones (AZs) which helps your business when it is expanding. We can always store multiple copies of your application in multiple AZs. 4. Elasticity: Instead of 10 low-configuration machines, we could rent a single high- configuration machine with an OS of your preferred choice for your application. Elasticity is the feature from which Elastic Compute Cloud got its name. 5. Security: Amazon EC2 works in conjunction with Amazon VPC to provide security and robust networking functionality. Instances are located in a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) with an IP range that you specify. 2.3 AWS EC2 Instance Instance types comprise varying combinations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking capacity and give you the flexibility to choose the appropriate mix of resources for your applications. Each instance type includes one or more instance sizes, allowing you to scale your resources to the requirements of your target workload. AWS EC2 instance types determine the underlying hardware of the instances that are launched. AWS instances are of different types with different configurations as shown below. Page 2 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

AWS Fundamentals: AWS Elastic Compute Cloud General-purpose Instances General-purpose instances provide a balance among compute, memory, and networking resources. M5, M5a, and M5d Instances These instances provide an ideal cloud design. It could be used for a wide range of applications.M5 instances are well-suited for the following applications: 1. Web and application servers 2. Small and medium databases 3. Gaming servers 4. Caching fleets T2 and T3 Instances These instances provide clock up or down of CPU performance. These instances are well-suited for the following applications: 1. Website and web applications 2. Code repositories 3. Development, build, test, and staging environments 4. Microservices These instances are for delivering fast performance for processing large data sets in memory. R4, R5, R5a, and R5d instances are memory-optimized. These instances can be used in the following applications: Page 3 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

AWS Fundamentals: AWS Elastic Compute Cloud 1. High-performance, relational (MySQL) and NoSQL (MongoDB, Cassandra, etc.) databases 2. Applications that process real-time big data sets (financial services, Hadoop/Spark clusters, etc.) Accelerated Computing Instances These instances are the latest general-purpose instances. They provide an accelerated performance when the CPU clock rate increases. • P3, P2, G3, and F1 are instances for accelerated computing • P3 and P2 are general-purpose instances • G3 is for graphic-intensive applications Storage-optimized Instances • Storage-optimized instances are designed for workloads that contain very large data sets. D2 instances • D2 instances feature up to 48 TB of HDD based local storage. • These instances offer the lowest price-per-disk throughput performance on Amazon EC2. H1 instances • H1 instances provide a balance between computing and memory. • Instances feature up to 16 TB of HDD-based local storage which delivers high- disk throughput. I3 instances • I3 instances provide Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) SSD-backed instance storage optimized for low latency, very high random I/O performance, high- sequential read throughput, and high IOPS at a low cost. 2.4 AWS EC2 Advanced Features Amazon EC2 provides a number of strong features for building scalable, failure resilient, and enterprise-class applications. Page 4 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

AWS Fundamentals: AWS Elastic Compute Cloud Amazon Elastic Block Store Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) offers persistent storage for Amazon EC2 instances. Amazon EBS volumes are network-attached, and persist independently from the life of an instance. Optimized CPU Configurations Optimize CPUs feature gives you greater control of your Amazon EC2 instances on two fronts. First, you can specify a custom number of vCPUs when launching new instances to save on vCPU-based licensing costs. Second, you can disable Intel Hyper-Threading Technology (Intel HT Technology) for workloads that perform well with single-threaded CPUs, such as certain high-performance computing (HPC) applications. Elastic IP Addresses Elastic IP addresses are static IP addresses designed for dynamic cloud computing. An Elastic IP address is associated with your account not a particular instance, and you control that address until you choose to explicitly release it. Unlike traditional static IP addresses, however, Elastic IP addresses allow you to mask instance or Availability Zone failures by programmatically remapping your public IP addresses to any instance in your account. Amazon Virtual Private Cloud Amazon VPC lets you provision a logically isolated section of the Amazon Web Services Cloud where you can launch Amazon Web Services resources in a virtual network that you define. You have complete control over your virtual networking environment, including selection of your own IP address range, creation of subnets, and configuration of route tables and network gateways. Amazon CloudWatch Amazon CloudWatch is a web service that provides monitoring for Amazon Web Services cloud resources and applications, starting with Amazon EC2. It provides you with visibility into resource utilization, operational performance, and overall demand patterns—including metrics such as CPU utilization, disk reads and writes, and network traffic. You can get statistics, view graphs, and set alarms for your metric data. Auto Scaling Auto Scaling allows you to automatically scale your Amazon EC2 capacity up or down according to conditions you define. With Auto Scaling, you can ensure that the Page 5 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

AWS Fundamentals: AWS Elastic Compute Cloud number of Amazon EC2 instances you’re using scales up seamlessly during demand spikes to maintain performance, and scales down automatically during demand lulls to minimize costs. Elastic Load Balancing Elastic Load Balancing automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple Amazon EC2 instances. It enables you to achieve even greater fault tolerance in your applications, seamlessly providing the amount of load balancing capacity needed in response to incoming application traffic. Elastic Load Balancing detects unhealthy instances within a pool and automatically reroutes traffic to healthy instances until the unhealthy instances have been restored. High Performance Computing (HPC) Clusters Customers with complex computational workloads such as tightly coupled parallel processes, or with applications sensitive to network performance, can achieve the same high compute and network performance provided by custom-built infrastructure while benefiting from the elasticity, flexibility and cost advantages of Amazon EC2. C5 instances have been specifically engineered to provide high- performance network capability and can be programmatically launched into clusters VM Import/Export VM Import/Export enables you to easily import virtual machine images from your existing environment to Amazon EC2 instances and export them back at any time Enhanced Networking Enhanced Networking enables you to get significantly higher packet per second (PPS) performance, lower network jitter and lower latencies. This feature uses a new network virtualization stack that provides higher I/O performance and lower CPU utilization compared to traditional implementations. In order to take advantage of Enhanced Networking, you should launch an HVM AMI in VPC, and install the appropriate driver. Auto Recovery Auto Recovery is an Amazon EC2 feature that is designed to increase instance availability. You can automatically recover supported instances when system impairment is detected. You can enable your Auto Recovery for an instance by creating an Amazon CloudWatch alarm. Auto Recovery keeps your existing instance running and automatically recovers your instance on new underlying hardware. Page 6 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022

AWS Fundamentals: AWS Elastic Compute Cloud 2.5 Summary • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) or AWS EC2 provides scalable computing capacity in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud. It eliminates the need to invest in hardware upfront • AWS EC2 instance types determine the underlying hardware of the instances that are launched • Instance types comprise varying combinations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking capacity and give you the flexibility to choose the appropriate mix of resources for your applications. • Amazon EC2 provides a number of strong features for building scalable, failure resilient, and enterprise-class applications. 2.6 Glossary • Reliability: Ability of a system or component to function under stated conditions • Elasticity: Ability of an IT infrastructure to quickly expand or cut back capacity and services • Scalable: Measure of a system's ability to increase or decrease in performance and cost • AZs: Availability Zones • Instance: A case or occurrence of anything • Cache: A high-speed data storage layer that stores a subset of data 2.7 References • Derrick Rountree and Ileana Castrillo, “The Basics of Cloud Computing”, 2013. • Amazon Referral Links: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws • CloudFront Referral Link: https://www.cloudmantra.net/blog/10-key-points-about- aws-ec2/ Page 7 of 7 All Rights Reserved. Vol. TLE001/03-2022