MAP 605 6

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M.A. 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Advanced Counselling Skills-1 Course Code: MAP603 Semester: First 6 e-Lesson: 6 SLM Unit : www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605)

ADVANCED COUNSELING SKILLS-1 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION Student will be able to understand the history of In this unit we are going to learn about groups The history of groups Student will be able to know the various principles Under this unit students will be able to of group therapy know the principles of group therapy. Student will be able to understand types and approaches of group counseling Student will be able to understand the similarities Student will learn similarities of group of group and individual counseling and individual counseling www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) INSTITAUlTlErOigFhDt IaSrTeArNeCsEerAvNeDd OwNithLINCEUL-IEDAORLNING

GROUP COUNSELING 4 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL > Introduction of Group Counselling > History of Group Counselling > Approaches of Group Counselling > Types of Group Counselling > Roles of Group in Counselling > Myths of Group Counselling > Realities of Group Counselling Unit-6 (MAP 605) www.cuidol.in

GROUPS IN COUNSELLING ❖Counseling is considered as a direct one-on-one 5 relationship between the client and the counselor it is viewed as an individualistic approach. https://www.cwwpp.org/peer-counseling.html ❖Group counseling is a form of counseling where a small group of people meet regularly to discuss, interact, and explore problems with each other and the group leader. ❖Group counseling seeks to give students a safe and comfortable place on campus where they can work out problems and emotional concernThere have been tremendous societal pressures and demands such that the one-on-one relationship has become uneconomical and wasteful and may appear to lack social sensitivity and commitment. ❖In this context group currently has been thought of as a practical solution. ❖Face-to-face interaction between the counselee and the Counselor has been considered as Counseling in which the counselor helps to resolve the Counselors problems. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

HISTORY OF GROUPS 6 ❖Groups have a long and distinguished JOSEPH HERSEY PRATT history in the service of counselling. ❖Joseph Hersey Pratt a Boston physician is https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Joseph-Hersey-Pratt- generally credited with starting the first (1872%E2%80%931956)%3A-An-early-proponent- psychotherapy counseling group in 1905. All right are reserved with CU-IDOL ❖Pratt’s group members were tubercular outpatients at Massachusetts General Hospital who found the time they regularly spent together informative, supportive and therapeutic. ❖Although this group was successful, the spread of groups to other settings and the development of different types of groups were uneven and sporadic until the 1970s. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605)

THE PRINCIPLES OF GROUP THERAPY 7 •The instillation of hope. •Universality •Imparting information •Altruism •The corrective recapitulation of the first family group. •Development of socialization techniques •Imitative behaviour •Interpersonal learning •Group cohesiveness •Catharsis •Existential factors https://www.google.com/search?q=principles+of+group+ counseling&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjb0vHGvODnAhX 36HMBHQUOClsQ2- www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

THE ROLE OF GROUPS IN COUNSELING 8 ❖A group is defined as two or more people interacting together to achieve a goal for their mutual benefit. ❖Everyone typically spends some time in group activities each day. Gregariousness is part of human nature, and many people and professional skills are learnt through group interactions. ❖ It is only natural, then, for councilors to make use of this primary way of human interaction. ❖Group therapy is a style of psychotherapy that involves one or more therapists working with several individuals at the same time. ❖This type of therapy is wide available at a variety of locations including private therapeutic practices, hospitals, mental health clinics and community centers. ❖Group therapy is sometimes used alone; however it’s conjointly unremarkably integrated into a comprehensive treatment plan that additionally includes individual therapy and medicine. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MYTHS AND REALITIES OF GROUPS 9 Since the history of groups is uneven, certain misconception about groups have sprung up. Some of the reasons for these misperceptions occurred in the 1960s when groups were unregulated and yet a popular part of the culture. Some prevalent myths about groups are as follows: •They are artificial and unreal. •They are second-rate structures for dealing with problems. •They are for people to lose their identity by tearing down psychological defences. http://www.venturecounseling.com/coppell-flower-mound-grapevine- irving-park-cities-preston-hollow-therapy/b www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MYTHS AND REALITIES OF GROUPS 10 •They require people to become emotional spill their https://www.google.com/search?q=myths+in+counselimg&tbm=isch&ved=2 ahUKEwjH1ILRu-DnAhXUSCsKHTUFCjAQ2- guts. cCegQIABAA&oq=myths+in+counselimg&gs_l=img.3..35i3 •They are touchy-feely, confrontational and hostile, they brainwash participants. •Groups are suited for everyone. •The main goal of a group is for everyone to achieve closeness. •Groups tell people how they should be. •Group pressure forces members to lose their sense of identity. •Groups are suited for everyone. •The main goal of a group is for everyone to achieve closeness. •Group pressure forces member to lose their sense of identity. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

THEORETICAL APPROACHES 11 •Theoretical approaches to counselling in groups vary as https://www.slideshare.net/sad614/theoretical-approach much as individual counselling approaches. In many cases, the theories are the same. • For instance, without group work there are approaches based on psychoanalytic. Gestalt, person-centred, rational emotive behaviour, cognitive, and behavioural theories. •Yet the implementation of any theoretical approach differs when employed with the group because of group dynamics. •In an evaluation of seven major theoretical approaches to groups, Ward analyzed the degree to which each approach paid attention to the individual, interpersonal and group levels of the process. •Gestalt and behavioural approaches were strong in focusing on the individual but weak on interpersonal and group-level components of the group process. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

TYPES OF GROUPS 12 1. Psycho Educational Groups: Their purpose is to teach group participants how to deal with the potential threat, a developmental live event, or an immediate life crisis. 2. Self-Help / Support Groups: Self-help groups and mutual help groups are similar. They take two forms: people who are organized by an established, professional helping organization of individual and those that originate spontaneously and stress their autonomy and internal group resources. 3.Task / Work Groups: Task / work groups facilitate https://myvictorycenter.com/psychoeducational- members apply the principles and processes of group groups/ dynamics to improve practices and achieve known work goals. Cont…… www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

The work groups run best when the following factors are in place 13 •The aim of the purpose is clear to all participants, •Process and content are balanced, •Time is taken for culture building and learning about each other, •Conflict is addressed, •Feedback between members is exchanged, •Leaders pay attention to the here-and-now, and •Time is taken by leaders and members to reflect on what is happening. 4. Counseling Groups: Counseling groups, sometime known as interpersonal problem-solving groups, seek “to help group participants to resolve the usual, yet often difficult problems of living through interpersonal support and problem-solving. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

14 Differences between Psychotherapy Groups and Counselling Groups SR. PSYCHOTHERAPY GROUPS COUNSELLING GROUPS NO. (i) Concentrates more on the cognitive Stresses the affective involvement of understanding of its members. participants. (ii) More applicable to room-size Conducted in a small, intimate settings. environments. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

15 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP COUNSELLING •Both have similar objectives. They aim at helping the counselee achieve self direction, self integration and responsibility. •The counselor attempts in creating an accepting, permissive climate for clients to participate freely. •The techniques aim at clarifying feelings, restatement of content. The counselor helps the clients to become aware of their feelings and attitudes. •Both provide for privacy and confidentiality of relationship. https://www.chaminajjan.com/services/groups/ www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

16 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP COUNSELLING Individual Counselling Group Counselling 1. One on one, face to face marked by Physical proximity with other intimacy, warmth, rapport. members of the groups, with similar concerns. 2. One on one resolution. The counselees receive help and give others help. 3. Meets the needs of several Counsellors task is more individuals one at a time. complex, has more demands to satisfy. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FACTORS THAT PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN GROUP 17 COUNSELLING 1. Selection of group members 2. Size of the group 3. Duration of sessions 4. Frequency of sessions 5. Overcoming resistance STAGES IN GROUP COUNSELLING 1. Along with pre-planning, effective group counseling leaders recognize five stages in group counseling: 2.Dependency 3.Conflict 4.Cohesion 5.Interdependence 6.Termination www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

STAGES IN GROUP COUNSELLING 18 Along with pre-planning, effective group counseling leaders recognize five stages in group counseling: 1.Dependency 2.Conflict 3.Cohesion 4.Interdependence 5.Termination The stages are often called (Tuckman and Jensen, 1977): 1.Forming: The first group stage is “dependency” or forming. At this point, group members are unsure of themselves and seek direction from their leaders. This gives members a chance to explore who they are within the group and to start establishing trust. 2. Storming: The second stage in group counselling is “conflict” or storming. It’s going to be overt or covert. The type and amount of conflict that’s generated relates to how much jockeying for position goes on within the group. Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in

19 3. Norming: Stage 3 focuses on “cohesion”, norming, which may be defined as a spirit of “we-ness”. In it, members become closer psychologically and are more relaxed. Everybody feels enclosed within the included and productive sharing begins to occur. 4. Performing: In the fourth stage, performing, the most work of the group is begun. Interdependence develops. Group members are able to assume a wide variety of constructive roles and work on personal problems. The level of comfort within the group will increase too. This is a prime time of problem resolution. It occupies about five hundredth of a typical groups time. 5. Adjourning: Adjourning deals with termination. Problems with loss in separating from the group are raised. Celebrating the accomplishment of goals is additionally a primary focus among this stage. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

ADVANTAGES OF GROUPS 20 1.Group therapy allows individuals to receive the support and encouragement of the other members of the group. 2.People participating in the group will see that others are going through constant thing, which may facilitate them, to feel less alone. 3.Group members will function as role models to different members of the observing. 4.By perceptive somebody successfully managing a haul, different members of the group will see that there’s hope for recovery. 5.As every person progresses, they can, in turn, serve as a role model and support figure for others. This may facilitate foster feelings of success and accomplishment. 6.Groups therapy is often very reasonable. Rather than focusing on only 1 client at a time, the therapist can devote his or her time to a much larger group of people. Cont……. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

21 •The setting permits individuals to practice behaviours and actions at intervals the safety and security of the group. •By working in a group, the therapist can see first-hand how every person responds to others and behaves in social situations. Using this information, the therapist will provide valuable feedback to each client. •Some researchers in the field regularly write comprehensive reviews on select group activities that help practitioners become better informed. •Yalom has characterized these positive forces as therapeutic factors within groups. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

DRAWBACKS OF GROUPS 22 •Groups are not a panacea for all people and problems. •They have definite limitations and disadvantages. •Some client concerns and personalities are not well-suited for groups. •Likewise, the problems of some individuals may not be dealt with in enough depth within groups. In addition, group pressure may force the client to take action, such as self-disclosure, before being ready. •Groups may also lapse into a group think mentality, in which stereotypical, defensive and state thought processes become the norm and creativity and problem-solving are squelched. •Another drawback to groups is that individuals may try to use them for escape or selfish purposes and disrupt the group process. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Psycho Educational Groups SUMMARY Self-Help / Support Groups Task / Work Groups Counseling Groups THE PRINCIPLES OF GROUP THERAPY 23 •The instillation of hope •Universality •Development of socialization techniques •Imitative behaviour TYPES OF GROUP •Psycho Educational Groups •Self-Help / Support Groups •Task / Work Groups •Counseling Groups STAGES IN GROUP COUNSELLING 1. Along with pre-planning, effective group counseling leaders recognize five stages in group counseling: 2.Dependency 3.Conflict 4.Cohesion 5.Interdependence 6.Termination Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Q.1 ). Joseph Hersey Pratt a Boston physician is generally credited with starting the first psychotherapy counseling 24 group in A) 1910 C)1906 B) 1905 D)1907 Q.2). Principles of Group Therapy are: A..) Imitative Behavior B.) Imparting information C.). Altruism D.) All of the Above Q.3). _______is a style of psychotherapy that involves one or more therapists working with several individuals at the same time. A..) Clinical therapy B.) Group therapy C.).Psycho therapy D.) Group Counseliung Q.4). Self-help groups and mutual help groups are similar. A..) Agree B.) Somewhat Agree C.).Silent D.) Disagree Q.5). Group therapy allows individuals to receive the ________of the other members of the group. A..) Encouragement B.) Support C.). Support and Motivation D.) Support and Encouragement www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Question No. Answer No. 25 1 b. 2 d. 3 b. 4 a. 5 d. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION 26 Q:1 What do you mean by Groups in Counseling Ans: Group counseling is a form of counseling where a small group of people meet regularly to discuss, interact, and explore problems with each other and the group leader. “For Further details please refer to the SLM”. Q.2.)What are the types Gruop counselling? Ans. Following are the types of Group counseling: • Psycho Educational Groups •Self-Help / Support Groups •Task / Work Groups •Counseling Groups “For Further details please refer to the SLM”. Q.3.)Write different type of myths and realities in group counselling session? •Ans. They require people to become emotional spill their guts. They are touchy-feely, confrontational and hostile, they brainwash participants. “For Further details please refer to the SLM”. Q.4.) Elaborate advantage of Group therapy . Ans. Group therapy allows individuals to receive the support and encouragement of the other members of the group. People participating in the group will see that others are going through constant thing, which may facilitate them, to feel less alone“For Further details please refer to the SLM”. www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFRENCES 27 ❖ Self Learning material Of Advanced Counseling Skills-1 ❖ https://www.google.com/search?q=principles+of+group+counseling&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjb 0vHGvODnAhX36HMBHQUOClsQ2- ❖ http://www.venturecounseling.com/coppell-flower-mound-grapevine-irving-park-cities-preston- hollow-therapy/b ❖ https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Joseph-Hersey-Pratt-(1872%E2%80%931956)%3A-An- early-proponent- www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

28 THANK YOU www.cuidol.in Unit-6 (MAP 605) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL