CMM001-eL7

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BBA/BCOM/BCA/BA/B.Sc.(TTM) 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Communication Skills Course Code: BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101 Semester: First e-Lesson: 7 SLM Unit: 8 www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101)

COMMUNICATION SKILLS 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION  In this unit student will be able to understand  Student will be able understand the very basic time of an action with the help of tenses. structure of time of action.  Under this you will learn and understand the  Student will be able to differentiate the various three basic forms of Tenses. forms of tenses.  Student will be able to understand the various uses of Tenses.  The student will be able to use the correct form of tenses. www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) INSTITUTE OF DISTANCE AANllDrOigNhLtINarEeLrEeAsReNrvINedGwith CU-IDOL

TENSES 4 Tenses are the words to indicate the time for the particular action, such as present (something happening now), past (something happened earlier), or future (something going to happen).  They are called the verb's time frame. www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) https://www.thoughtco.com/tense- grammar-1692532 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

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PAST TENSE 6 The past tense in English is used: to talk about the past Tense symbolizes the ever moving, non-stop wheel of time which is forever busy gathering moments of future There are four past tense forms in English: Past simple: I worked Past continuous: I was working Past perfect: I had worked Past perfect continuous: I had been working www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SIMPLE PAST 7 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL  Used to indicate an action completed in the past and are over now. eg. I played football when I was a child.  To express some past habit eg We Usually went to play in evening Rule: Subject + V2 Examples :  She wrote a letter  I saw a movie yesterday.  Last year, I travelled to Japan.  Did you have dinner last night?  She washed her car two hours ago www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101)

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 8  Used to denote an action going on at some time in the past. eg. I was driving a car.  In this tense the time of action i.e time phrase may or may not be indicated. eg. It was getting colder and colder day by day  It is used with adverbs like „always, continuously etc to express persistent habits of the past. eg He was always complaining Rule: was/were + ing www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

PAST PERFECT TENSE 9  Used to describe an action completed before a certain moment in the past, usually a long time ago. If two actions happened in the past, past perfect is used to show the action that took place earlier.  E.g. The patient had died before the doctor came. www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS 10 TENSE  Used to denote an action that began before a certain point in the past and continued up to some time in past.  e.g. I had been learning English in this school for 20 days www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

PAST TENSE 11 SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PERFECT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Action has taken When should you place in the past Action going on in the Action took place Action lasted for use it? past before another some time Verb form V2- Past tense of action before another verb. action. Example V1+ was or were + ing V3+ had I/she/he took V1+ had been They took +ing I watched a movie yesterday I/she was taking I/We had taken You/she/It had He was walking in the When I came, been taking. park. he had finished ‘When I his work returned, he had been working for 2 hrs.’ www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE 12  To express the action which is to take place in time to come. This tense can be expressed in any of the below mentioned verb forms, depending on the situation  A period of time following the moment of speaking or writing is called as future tense. • For e.g.- She will write a letter. Rule- Subject+will+V1+obj Subject +is/am/+V1+are +going to +V1+Obj Subject+shall+V1+Obj www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE 13  It is used to express the action, which will be happening in the time to come. E.g Tomorrow at 6 pm my aunt will be flying to Paris. He will be distributing sweets in temple tomorrow at 12 o'clock.  We use this tense to express an action that is fairly certain to happen in the future . E.g Next month we‟ll be shifting to our new flat . Or ,Next month ,we are sifting to our new flat. Or, We are going to shift to our new flat next month. Rule-S+Will+be+V-ing www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE 14  It is used to indicate the completion of an action by a certain future time e.g - Farmers will have finished ploughing the field by tomorrow. They will have shifted the house by Sunday morning. Rule: Will/Shall + Have + Verb (3rd form) www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE 15  The tense of a verb that expresses action or state in the present time. Subject + 1st form of verb + Object. RULES: 1) First form of verb is used always. 2) With the first and second persons(I, we) and the third person plural (they) the verb is used without „s‟ or „es‟. 3) With the third person singular (he ,she) the verb is used with „s‟ or „es‟. 4) In negative sentences: „do not‟ is used with first (I, we), second (he,she) and third (they) person plural. „ does not‟ is used with the third person singular(he,she,it). 5) In questions: „do‟, „does‟ , are used before subjects • Question words, „why‟ , „how‟ ,‟where‟ etc are used before „do‟ , „does’ www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

USES OF PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE 16  It is used to express an action in present time . I eat mango. I am happy.  It is also used to show a constant practice or a daily routine. I watch TV every day. Ali goes to school daily. San reads the newspaper after getting up.  It is also used to tell universal truths or for general facts, like this: The sun rises in the east. Hardware is the physical system of a Computer. Plants die without water. Birds fly in the sky.  We use the present simple for things which you like or dislike. He likes short stories. I like ice cream. www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 17  It is used to express a continued or ongoing action at present time. It expresses an action which is in progress at the time of speaking.  Present Continuous tense is also called Present progressive tense.  Basic sentence structure of present continuous tense: subject+1st form of verb with „ing‟+object Example 1. Neeraj is doing homework now. 2. The vulture is hovering over the animals dead body. www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

USES OF PRESENT CONTINUOUS 18 TENSE It is used to show action that is continuing at the present time. e.g:He is running Ahmed is sleeping right now. We are studying English at the moment www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 19 Rules: 1. Subject + am/is/are + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object 2. If the subject is “I” then helping verb “am” is used after subject in sentence. 3. If the subject is “He, She, It, singular or proper name” then helping verb “is” is used after subject in sentence. 4. If subject is “You, They or plural” then helping verb “are” is used after subject in sentence. 5. The participle “ing” is added to the 1st form of verb i.e. going (go) writing (write). 6. In negative sentences , ‟not‟ is used between „is‟ , „are‟ , „am‟ and the main verb. 7. In questions, „is‟ , „are‟ , „am‟ are placed before the subject. Other question words like „when‟ , „what‟ are used before „is‟ , „are‟ , „am‟ . www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

USES OF PRESENT CONTINUOUS 20 TENSE  It is used to describe an action that is taking place now, but not at the exact moment of speech. He is working in Dubai.  We can also use this tense for temporary situations, when we feel something won't continue for a long time. She's staying with her friend for a week. I'm living in London for a few months.  We can use the present continuous for habits but they have to be temporary or new habits (for normal habits that continue for a long time, we use the present simple. She's swimming every morning (she didn't use to do this).. They're working late every night.  Another present continuous use is for annoying habits, when we want to show that something happens too often and we don't like it. You're always losing your keys. She's constantly missing the train www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Present Indefinite Vs. Present Continuous Tense. 21 PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 1) First form of verb + ing. 1) First form of verb 2) used to refer to something taking place at the present moment 2) Used to refer to an action or event that takes place habitually. 3) Used for temporary situations E.g: Julie is living in Paris for a few 3)Used to refer things which are always months (usually she lives in London). true. 4) Used for Definite future plans. E.g: I'm meeting John after class today. 4) Used for Permanent situations (or nearly permanent. 6) Used to talk about people in pictures and e.g: Julie lives in London. photos. e.g: In this photo, my mother is walking 5) Used for future events which are beside a lake. part of a timetable e.g: My plane leaves at eight tonight. 6) Used to talk about what happens in books, plays and films. e.g: At the end of the book, the detective catches the killer. www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1)_______(be) to meet him tomorrow. 22 a) will c)Am b) shall d)Been 2)He ________ (go) to see the Principal in a few moments? a) Going c) shall go b) Will go d) went 3)He_________ (been) doing this work since morning . a) Have c)was b) has d)had 4)By 2024 he ________ (complete ) his graduation a) Has been c) shall have b) Will have d)had been. 5) She was studying when I ________ (disturb) her a) Had disturbed c) was disturbing b) Disturbed d) will be disturbing Answers: 1)c 2)a 3)b 4)b 5)b www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY 23  Meaning of Tenses –are the words to indicate the time for the particular action.  Three forms of Tenses -Present (something happening now), Past (something happened earlier), Future (something going to happen).  Rules of tenses - • Present –this tense is used to describe an action that takes place n present time .However, it can also be used to describe a future action also. • Past- this tense is used to describe an action that happened either in near future or in distant past. • Future- this tense is used to describe an action that will take place in future. www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION 24 Q:1) What is Meaning of Tenses? Ans: Tenses are the forms of verbs which show the exact time of an action. The time of an action maybe past ,present or future . Q:2) What are the various uses of Present Tense? Ans:  To describe a present action  To describe a probable action which may take place in future  To describe a future action which part of itinerary of a person.  To describe a planned future action.  To describe an action which is part of running commentary or anchoring. Q:3) What are the various uses of Past Tense? Ans: To describe a recent past action  To describe a distant past action Q:4 ) What are various uses of Future Tense ? Ans: To describe a simple future action. To describe a definite (planned ) future action. www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFERENCES 25 1. Wren, P.C.; Martin, H.; Prasada Rao, N.D.V. (1973–2010). High School English Grammar & Composition. S. Chand.. 2. Hewings, M. (2005). Advanced grammar in use: A reference and practice book for advanced learners of English. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 3. Murphy, R., (2015). Elementary Grammar.UK:Cambridge University Press . 4. Murphy, R., (2015). Essential Grammar in Use, 4th Edition. UK:Cambridge University Press. 5. Hewing, M.A(2015).Advanced English Grammar.UK: Cambridge University Press www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

26 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-8 (BBA105/BCM105/BTT105/BCA115/BAQ101) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL