Kalpadhenu 2015 January - March

D≈-S°w 22 3ae{- ºt- Zi- ß- f- psS 66 iXa- m\w h\-ambn \ne-\n¿ tIcf Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bn¬ \n∂pwØ-W-sa∂ tZiob e£ytØmsSbmWv KmUvKn¬IΩn‰n ]cnÿ- nXn taJe- I- sf Xncn®- X- v. 12 ]pXnb hnØn-\-߃ 25 10 tX°v ˛ hn]-Wn-bpw- km-≤y-X-Ifpw 29 aÆns‚ AæXzw˛ 35 {]k-‡nbpw {Iao-I-c-Whpw]›n-a-L´ ae-\n-cIfpsS Ipsd `mK-ß-fn¬ P\ cmk-h-f-߃ \ΩpsS aÆv 38hm-khpw Irjn-bn-S-ßfpw Ds≠-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]›n-a- XI¿°ptam ? 42L´- Ø- ns‚ samØØ- ne- p≈ kwc£- W \nb{- ¥W\n¿t±-i-ß-f√ IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ IΩn‰n \¬In-b-Xv. F∏n-sX-dm∏n 15 Hmkvtam Uossl-t{U-j≥ ˛ 45 Iip-amß aqey-h¿≤-\-bvs°mcp \qX\ kmt¶-XnI hnZy Hmbn-ÿ IqWpI-fn¬ Hcp \hm-K-X≥ ˛ πqtdm-´kv knÃn-Un-tbm-kkv 49ssPhI- rj- nb- nt- e°v t\cn´p {]thin°p∂- X- n\p ]IcwtI{μK- h- ¨sa‚ v t{]m’ml- n∏- n°- p∂ \"KpUv A{Kn- `£y-kp-c-£bpw kpc-£nX `£-Whpw°ƒ®-d¬ {]mIvSo-kkv' t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-I. Ime-{It- aW ]q¿Æ ssPhI- rj- nb- nt- e°v amdm≥ Chsc IpSpw-_-ß-fn-eq-sS 50t{]m’-m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw cmk-Ir-jn-bn¬ \n∂pwssPh- Ir-jn-bn-te-°p≈ ]cn-h¿Ø-\- L-´-Øn¬ Ae-¶mc a’y-Ir-jn°v t{]m´o≥ \nd™(10 h¿jw) I¿jIc- psS kmºØ- nI \jvSw ]q¿Æ- aÆn-c-Isf {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØmw 53ambpw k¿°m¿ \nI-Øp-Ibpw thWw.]Ýn-a-L-« kwc-£Ww þ18 _tbm C≥-t^m¿am-‰nIv bpKw 58imkv{Xhpw kaq-lhpw kpc-£nX ss]\m-∏nƒ Irjn-°mbnssPhc- oX- nI- f- nt- e°v NphS- pa- m‰- pt- ºmg- p≈ kmt¶XnI{]iv\-߃ (ssPh hf-ß-fpsS A]-cym-]vXX, inev]-imem ip]m¿i-Iƒ 60Dev]m-Z-\-Øn-ep-≠m-hp∂ Ipd-hv, IoS-˛-tcmK \nb-{¥W cwKsØ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ, Dev]∂ hne-bn¬ hnf-I-fnse Nne AXnYn Xmc-߃ 62A¥-c-an-√mbva apX-em-b-h) I¿j-I\p sh√p-hn-fn-bm-Ip-∂p-≠v. k¿-Δ-I-em-imem apJy-hn-ti-j-߃ 64

D]-tZ-iI kanXn apJ-{]-kwKwA≤y-£≥ tIc-f-Øns‚ kakvX taJ-e-I-fnepw ]›n-a-L´ ae- s{]m^. (tUm.) ]n. cmtP-{μ≥ \n-c-I-fpsS \n¿Æm-bI kzm[o-\-ap-≠v. kwÿm-\-Øns‚ sshkv Nm≥-k-e¿ Imem-h-ÿbpw Irjnbpw, F¥n\v P\-ß-fpsS kwkv°m- chpw Pohn-X-ssi-en-bpw-t]mepw, Cu ae-\n-c-I-fpsS KWy-AwK-߃ amb kzm[o-\-he-b-Øn-em-Wv. h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ hnI-k-\m-h- tUm. ]n. -hn. _me-N-{μ≥ iy-Øn-\p-th≠n Cu ae-\n-c-I-fpsS Aaq-eyhpw kº-∂-hp- tUm. Sn.- B¿. tKm]m-e-IrjvW≥ amb {]IrXn hn`-h-߃ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ AXv tUm. kzcq]v tPm¨ \"\"s]m≥ap-´-bn-Sp∂ Xmdm-hns\'' sIm√e- mI- c- pX- v. B[p\- nI tUm. Fw. inh-kzman PohnX kuIc- yß- fpw h¿≤n® P\k- wJ- ybpw aqew th≠nh- tUm. tImin F{_lmw cp∂ h¿≤nX Bhiyw t\cn-Sm≥ kpÿnc hnI-k\w e`y- tUm. F. kpIp-am-c≥ am-°n-bp≈ anX-amb {]Ir-Xn-hn-`h D]-tbm-K-Øn¬ \mw tUm. Fw. tKmhn-μ≥ Du∂¬ sImSptØ aXn-bm-Iq. AtXm-sSm∏w a\p-jys\ tUm. sI. hnZym-km-Kc≥ Xo¿Øpw ad∂p≈ ISpØ ]›na- L- ´ kwc£- W \n¿t±i- - ߃ Bimkyh- pa- √. ]›n-a-L´ kwc-£-W-hp-ambn _‘- ]{Xm-[n] kanXn s∏´v ka¿∏n-°-s∏´ dnt∏m¿´p-I-fnse \n¿t±-i-߃ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ _m[n-°p-∂Xv Ahn-S-ß-fn¬ hkn-°p∂ I¿j-I-No^v FUn-‰¿ sc-bmWv F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-b-an-√. ISpØ {]Xn-Iqe tUm. ]n.- hn. _me-N-{μ≥ kml-N-cy-ß-fnepw AXy-≤zm-\w-sIm≠v Irjn-`q-an-bn¬ \n∂pw s]m∂v hnf-bn®p kz¥w `£y-˛km-º-ØnI kpc-amt\-PnwKv FUn-‰¿ £-tbm-sSm∏w kwÿm-\-Øns‚ `£ykpc-£-bpw Dd-∏m- tUm. tPmkv amXyp °p∂ I¿jI kaq-l-Øns‚ Bi-¶-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-®p-sIm- ≠p-thWw kw-c-£Ww \S-∏m-t°-≠-Xv. `qansb G‰hpwFUnt‰gvkv \∂mb- n Adnb- pI- bpw kvt\ln°- pI- bpw sNøp∂ I¿j-I- tUm. kn. tPm¿÷v tXmakv \m-bn-cn°pw {]Ir-Xn-bvs°-Xn-sc-bp≈ GsXmcp {]h¿Øn tUm. F. kpa bv°pw Iq´p-\n¬°p∂ Ah-km-\sØ Bƒ F∂p \mw Hm¿°-Ww. Bg-Øn-ep≈ Kth-j-W-]-T-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpwAt m-kn-tb‰v FUn-‰¿ hn⁄m-\-hym-]\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw tIc-f-Øns‚ tUm. kvanX t__n Im¿jnI taJe- sb∏‰n ka{- Ka- mb Adnh- pI- f- p≈ Im¿jnI k¿ΔI- e- mi- me- bv°v I¿jI- \- ∑- bpw {]IrX- nk- wc- £- WhpwAwK-߃ Dd-∏m°n ]›n-a-L´ taJ-e-bnse Irjn-]-cn-]m-e\w Zo¿L- tUm. tPmbv amXyp Ime- mS- nÿ- m\- Ø- n¬ Fßns- \b- mb- nc- n°- Ww F∂X- ns- \∏- ‰n tUm. Pnw tXmakv IrXy-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fp-≠v. \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬, ]›n-a-L´ tUm. Fkv. FÃ-en‰ taJ-e-bnse Irjnsb _m[n-°p∂ \n¿Æm-bI kan-Xn-I- tUm. kn.- B¿. F¬kn fn¬ Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bp-tStbm Irjn-bp-ambn tUm. ]n. jmPn sPbnwkv _‘-s∏´ hIp-∏p-I-fn-tetbm {]Xn-\n-[n-Isf ]e-t∏mgpw tUm. C.- hn. A\q]v Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-dn√ F∂ ÿnXn-hn-tijw \ne-hn-ep-≠v. tUm. l-ko\ `mkv°¿ Cusbmcp kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv ]›na-L´ kwc-£-W-hp- tUm. Fkv. A\nX ambn _‘-s∏´ dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-ime {io. _n. APn-XvIp-am¿ kwL-Sn-∏n® dnt∏m¿´nse ip]m¿i-Ifpw ka-{K-ambn ]cn- tim[n®p-sIm-≠p≈ Iev]-t[-\p-hns‚ Cu e°w ]pd-Øn-d-Un.-Sn.]n & A®Sn ta¬t\m´w ßp∂- X- v. ]›na- L- ´ kwc£- W hnjb- Ø- n¬ Xmev]c- ya- p≈ {ioaXn sj¿en kmw Gh¿°pw Cu e°w apX¬°q´- mIpw F∂p {]Xo£- n°- p∂- p. {io. hn. cmtP-{μ≥ ]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXntÃm°v & hnX-cWw {io. Fw.- sI. tPm¨k¨Hm^okv klmbw {io. Fw.- sI. AP-b-Ip-am¿Unssk-\nwKv {io. Fw.- F. hmkp-tZ-h≥teJ-\-ß-fnse A`n-{]m-b-߃ teJ-I-cp-tS-Xm-Wv. tIcf Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bp-tS-Xm-I-W-sa-∂n-√.

kn. tPm¿÷v tXmakvssPhs- shh- n≤- yØ- nt- ‚bpw ]cnÿ- nXn {]m[m\y KmUKv n¬ dnt∏m¿´v {]Imcw sX°v I\ymI- pa- mcn-Øn-t‚bpw Imcy-Øn¬ AXn-k-º-∂hpw A]q¿Δ- apX¬ hS°p KpPd- mØ- nse X]Xn \Znh- sc 1490 In. ao.hpa- mWv bps\k- tv °mb- psS temIs- s]X- rI ]´nI- b- n¬ \ofhpw 48 In. ao. apX¬ 210 In. ao. hsc hoXnb- pa- p≈CSw t\Snb ]›n-a-L´ae-\n-c-Iƒ. Cu ae-\n-c-I- 1,29,037 N. In. ao. hnkvXo¿Æ-ap≈ Db¿∂ {]tZ-i-fpsS \ne-\n¬∏v Xs∂ A]-I-S-Øn-em-°pw-hn-[-ap≈ amWv ]›n-a-L-´w. KpP-dm-Øv, alm-cm-jv{S, tKmh,a\p-jy- C-Ss]Sepw Imem-h-ÿm-am-‰hpw a‰p ]cn- I¿Æm-S-Iw, tIc-fw, Xan-gv\mSv F∂o -kw-ÿm-\-ß-ÿnXn {]iv\-ßfpw ]cn-K-Wn-®mWv fn-embn 25 tImSn-bn¬∏cw P\-߃tI{μk- ¿°m¿ tUm. am[hv KmUKv n¬ ChnsS A[nh- k- n°- p∂- p.A≤y-£-\m-bp≈ 14 AwK hnZKv[ P\{- ]X- n\- n[- nI- f- pa- mtbm, cmj{v Sobkan-Xnsb \nP-ÿnXn -]-cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw \n¿t±-i-߃ ka¿∏n-°p-∂- ]m¿´nI- f- pa- mt- bm, {]mtZinI P\hn`mKXn-\p-ambn \ntbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. 2010 ß-fp-amtbm IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ \S-am¿®v 4 \v BWv CXv kw_-‘n® Øm-sXbpw Ah-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-߃DØ-chv ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-∂-Xv. KmUvKn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°m-sX-bpw- Xn-Sp°Øn¬kanXn 14 XhW tbmKw tNcp-Ibpw Xøm-dm-°n-b-XmWv KmUvKn¬ kanXn2011 BKÃv 31\v dnt∏m¿´p ka¿∏n- dnt∏m¿s´∂ Bt£]w XpS°w apX-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]t£ HºXp ep-≠v. {]kvXpX dnt∏m¿´nse ]cn-amk-tØmfw dnt∏m¿´v ]pdw-temIw ÿnXn kwc-£-W-Øn-\m-bp-≈ NneI≠n√- . HSph- n¬ Hcp s]mXp Xme]v cy \n¿t±-i-߃ {]tZ-i-hm-kn-I-fpsSl¿Pn-bn¬ U¬ln sslt°m-SXn auen-Im-h-Im-i-߃ ewLn-°p-∂-Xm-CSs- ]´- mWv dnt∏m¿´v shfn®- Øp hcp- sW∂pw D]-Po-h\ am¿§-߃ \ntj-∂-Xv. 2012 sabn¬ 522 t]Pp≈ tUm. am[hv KmUvKn¬ [n-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw {]mtZ-inI hnI-dnt∏m¿´v HutZym-Kn-I-ambn h\w ˛ ]cn-ÿnXn a{¥m- k-\sØ XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂XmsW∂p-ap≈ hna¿e-b-Øns‚ sh_v ssk-‰n¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. CXn- i\w ]e tImWp-I-fn¬\n∂pw Db¿∂phcn-Ibpw\nsS 2012 Pqem-bn¬ bps\ktv °m ]›na- L- ´ taJ- sNbXv p. hym]I- a- mb FXn¿∏pI- sf XpS¿∂v KmUKv n¬esb AXoh ]cn-ÿnXn {]m[m-\y-ap≈ temI ip]m¿i-Iƒ AtX-]Sn AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ tI{μ-ss]XrI ]´nI- b- n¬ Dƒs∏-SpØ- n. c≠p `mKß- f- mWv k¿°m¿ Xøm-dm-bn-√. {]tXy-In®pw tKmh-bn-sebpwKmUvKn¬ dnt∏m¿´n\- p≈- Xv. H∂masØ `mKw \n¿t±- alm-cmjv{S-bn-sebpw P\-ßsf Kpcp-X-c-ambni-ß-fpsS s]mXp Ah-X-c-Whpw c≠m-asØ `mKw _m[n°pw F∂ ImcWw ]d™- mWv k¿°m¿ aSnhni-Zo-I-c-W-ß-fp-am-Wv. ImWn®- X- v. tIcf- w -Dƒs∏s- Sb- p≈ a‰p kwÿm\- - P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 3

ßfpw dnt∏m¿´ns- \Xnsc tI{μsØ kao-]n-®n-cp∂p. 2. ]›na- L- ´- taJe- b- ns- e ]cnÿ- nXn Zp¿∫e {]tZ-i‡-amb FXn¿∏p-Isf XpS¿∂v h\w ˛ ]cn-ÿnXn i-߃ Is≠Øn Ahsb 1986-˛se ]cn-ÿnXna{¥m-ebw tUm. IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ A≤y-£-\mbn 10 (kwc- £- W- ) \nba- {- ]I- mcw ]cnÿ- nXn Zp¿∫eAwKß- f- p≈ D∂X- X- e ]›na- L- ´ {]h¿Ø\ kan- {]tZ-i-߃ (Ecologically Sensitive Zones) BbnXnsb 2012 BKÃv 17 \v KmUvKn¬ dnt∏m¿´v ]p\x]cn- hn⁄m-]\w sNøm≥ ip-]m¿i sNøp-I.tim-[n®v AXv \S-∏n-em-t°≠ coXn-bn-em-°p-∂-Xn\v\ntbmK- n®p. IkvXqc- nc- wK- ≥ kanXn 10 XhW tbmKw 3. _‘-s∏´ kwÿm-\-ßfpw P\-ß-fp-ambn hn]p-tNcp-Ibpw \mep XhW taJ-e-Iƒ kμ¿in-°p- e-amb IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ \SØn ]›n-a-L´Ibpw sNbvX tijw 2013 G{]n¬ 5 \v dnt∏m¿´v taJ-e-bpsS kwc-£-W-Øn\pw ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\-ka¿∏n®p. ]t£, KmUvKn¬ dnt∏m¿´v ]cn-tim-[n®v Øn\pw Bhi- ya- mb \S]- S- nI- ƒ ip]m¿i sNøpI.{]mtbm-KnI \n¿t±-i-߃ \¬tI-≠-Xn\p ]Icw]pXnb Hcp dnt∏m¿´mWv IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ kanXn 4. ]cnÿ- nXn Zp¿∫- e taJe- I- f- mb- n {- ]Jym]n°- p∂\¬In-bXv F∂ Bt£-]-amWv CXns\ØpS¿∂v {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ hn⁄m]-\-Ønse hyh-ÿ-IƒD≠m-b-Xv. ^e-{]-Z-ambn \S-∏m-°m-\m-h-iy-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ \n¿t±-in-°p-I. c≠p dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw ]pd-Øp-h-∂-tXmsS GXpX≈Ww, GXp sIm≈Ww F∂ ImcyØ- n¬ tI{μ˛ 5. ]›n-a-L-´-Øns‚ ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£-Whpwkwÿm\ k¿°mc- pI- ƒ ktμl- Ø- ne- mb- n. KmUKv n¬ _‘s- ∏´ {]iv\ß- fpw ssIImcyw sNøp∂- X- n\vdnt∏m¿´ns\ ]cnÿ- nXn kwLS- \- I- ƒ A\pI- qe- n°p- Npa-X-e-s∏´ AtXm-dn‰n cq]oI- c- n°- p∂- X- n\- p≈Ibpw I¿jI- ¿ \Ji- nJ- m¥w FXn¿°pI- bpw sNbXv p- ip]m¿iI- ƒ \¬IpI- .sh-¶n¬ IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ dnt∏m¿´ns\ c≠p-Iq´- cpwFXn¿°p∂- ps- h∂- X- mWv hkXv pX- ! KmUKv n¬ dnt∏m¿ 6. ]cnÿ- nXn˛h\w a{¥me- bw ip]m¿i sNøp∂Xpƒ´nse ]ngh- pI- ƒ c≠ma- sØ dnt∏m¿´nepw Bh¿Øn- s∏sS ]›n-a-L´ taJ-ebnse ]cn-ÿn-Xn°p∂- X- mWv ImcW- w. k¿°mc- pI- ƒ Xocpa- m\- sam∂pw -{]-iv\ßfpambn _‘-s∏´ GXp {]iv\hpwFSp°- mX- nc- p∂- X- ns- \X- pS- ¿∂v Nne kwLS- \- I- ƒ kp{]ow kan-Xn°v ssIIm-cyw sNømw. ]n∂oSv cXv\t- ImS- X- nsbbpw tZiob lcnX- -{Sn-_yq-W-en-s\bpw -Kn-cn˛kn‘pZp¿K Pn√-I-fpsS Imcy-߃ ]cn-tim-kao]- n°- pI- b- p≠- mb- n. tImSX- nI- f- psS kΩ¿±s- ØØp [n-°m\pw Kp≠n-b, AXn-c-∏n≈n Pe-ssh-ZypXS- ¿∂v IkvXqc- nc- wK- ≥ dnt∏m¿´v \S-∏n-em°mw F∂ ]≤Xn \n¿t±-i-߃ ]p\x]cn-tim-[n-°m\pwXocp-am\w s]s´∂v FSp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 2013 tKmh-bn¬ ]pXnb J\\ ssek≥kn-\p≈HIvtSm-_¿ 19 \v BWv CXp kw_-‘n® IcSv DØ- samd-t´m-dn-b-sØ-∏‰n Bh-iy-amb ip]m¿ic-hn-d-ßn-b-Xv. CXp-{]-Imcw ]›n-a-L-´-Øn¬s∏-Sp∂ \¬Im\pw kan-Xn-tbmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p.6 kwÿm-\-ß-fn-embn 4156 hnt√-Pp-Iƒ \"\"Ct°m-f-Pn-°en sk≥kn-‰ohv tkm¨kv'' Bbn {]Jym-]n- KmUKv n¬ kanX- nb- ps- S- apg- ph- ≥ ip]m¿iI- sfbpw°-Ww. tIc-f-Øn¬ 123 hnt√-Pp-Iƒ. tIc-f-apƒs∏- ChnsS ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ ÿe]cn-anXn A\p-h-Zn-°p-sS-bp≈ ]›n-a-L´ kwÿm\ k¿°m-cp-I-fpsS ∂n√- . IqSpX- ¬ FXn¿∏pI- ƒ t\cnS- p∂- Xpw Irjnsb{]Xn-tj[w CtX-Ø- p-S¿∂v i‡-am-bn. XpS¿∂v, kmc-ambn _m[n-°p-∂-Xp-amb ip]m¿i-Iƒ am{X-{]kvXpX DØ-c-hn≥ {]-Im-c-ap≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ X¬ amWv ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv.°m-e-tØ°v ac-hn-∏n-®n-cn-°pI-tb \nhr-Øn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p≈q. IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ dnt∏m¿´√, adn®v ]cn-ÿnXn Zp¿∫e taJ-e-IƒKmUvKn¬ I-Ωn‰n dnt∏m¿´mWv \S-∏n-em-t°-≠XvF∂v hmin-]n-Sn-°p∂ kwL-S-\-Ifpw hy‡n-Ifpw KmUvKn¬ kanXn dnt∏m¿´p{]Imcw 1,29,037Ct∏m-gp-ap-s≠-∂p-≈Xv {]iv\w IqSp-X¬ k¶o¿Æ- N.-In.-ao. D≈ ]›n-a-L´w apgp-h\pw ]cn-ÿnXnam-°p∂p. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ KmUvKn¬ dnt∏m¿ {]m[m-\y-ap≈ taJ-e-bmbn IW-°m-°pw (IkvXqcn´nse ip]m¿i-Iƒ Hcn-°¬IqSn hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠Xv cwK≥ dnt∏m¿´v {]Imcw hnkvXo¿Æw 64,280 N. In.a- o.Bhiy-ambn h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. BWv). ]t£, ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£W \nb-a-ØnseKmUvKn¬ kan-Xn-bpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ tI{μ]cn-ÿnXn ˛ h\w a{¥m-ebw 2010 am¿®v4 \v Cd-°nb DØ-c-hneqsS tUm. KmUvKn-ens‚t\XrXzØn¬ ]›n-a-L´ ]cn-ÿnXn hnZKv[ kan-Xn°v (Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel - WGEEP)cq]w \¬Ipt- ºmƒ Bdp Npa- X- e- I- ƒ \ndt- h‰- m\- mWvBh-iy-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv.1. ]›n-a-L-´-Øns‚ Ct∏m-gsØ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI- A-hÿ hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.4 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

hyhÿ- I- ƒ {]Imcw ]›na- L- ´- Ø- n\v samØØ- n¬ ]d™ tij-amWv Hcp N¿®-bp-an-√msX GI-]-£o- ba- mbn hn⁄m]- \w ]pds- ∏S- ph- n°- W- s- a∂v Bhi- y-GIoI- rX kz`mh- a- p≈ \nb{- ¥W- ߃ {]Jym]- n°- m- s∏-Sp-∂-Xv! ]cn-ÿnXn Zp¿∫e {]tZ-i-ß-fpsS AXn- cp-Iƒ \n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ P\-ßsf ]¶m-fn-I-fm-\m-hn-√ F∂-Xn-\m¬ {]kvXpX {]tZ-i-sØ-bmsI °Ww F∂ ip]m¿i {]mtbmK- nI- a- ms- W∂p tXm∂p- ∂n-√. “Rß-fpsS {]tZiw ]cnÿ- nXn Zp¿∫e {]tZ-aq∂p tkmWp-I-fmbn Xncn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. ]cn- i-a√- ” F∂ ISpØ Xocp-am\w FSp-°m≥ {]mtZ-in-ÿn-Xn-]-c-ambn G‰hpw {]m[m-\y-ap≈ tkm¨ ˛ I, I-ambn P\-߃°v km[n°- ps- a¶- n¬ dnt∏m¿´nse{]m[m\- ya- p≈ tkm¨ ˛ II, kmam\yw {]m[m\- ya- p≈ ip]m¿i-I-fpsS samØØn-ep≈ \S-∏n-em-°¬tkm¨ ˛ III F∂n-ßs\. h\y-ar-K-k-t¶-X-߃, F{]-Imc-amIpw F∂v Nn¥n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.\mj-W¬ ]m¿°p-Iƒ F∂nh Dƒs∏´ kwc-£nX ]cn-ÿnXn Zp¿∫e taJ-e-Iƒ 50 iX-am-\-Øn-{]tZ-i-߃ \mem-a-sXmcp tkm¨ Bbn IW-°m- e[- nIw hcp∂ Pn√I- s- fbpw Xmeq°- pI- s- fbpw ]´nI°pw. tkm¨ ˛ I ¬ s]Sp∂ ÿe-߃ ta¬∏-d™ 3 Dw A\p-_‘w 2 Dw Bbn kanXn dnt∏m¿´n¬kwc-£nX {]tZi-߃°v GXm≠v ka-am-Wv. Cu \¬Inb- nc- n°- p∂- p. CXp{- ]I- mcw tIcf- Ø- nse 12 Pn√-kwc-£n-X -{]-tZ-i-ßfpw tkm¨ ˛ I Dw Hcp-an-s®-Sp- If- ne- mbn tkm¨ I˛¬s∏´ 15 Xmeq°pIfpw tkm¨Øm¬ samØhnkvXo¿Æw 60 iX-am-\-Øn¬ Ihn- II˛¬s∏´ 2 Xmeq°- pI- fpw tkm¨ III˛¬s∏´ 8 Xmeq- °p-Ifpap≠v. Ch-bpsS hnhcw ]´nI 1 ¬ sImSpØn-b-cp-sX∂pw _m°n kwÿm-\-ß-fpsS hnI-k\ cn-°p-∂p.{]h¿Ø-\-߃°v \o°n shbv°-W-sa∂pw ip]m¿i-bp-≠v. tkm¨ ˛ I t\msSm∏w tkm¨ ˛ II Dw IqSn]cn-K-Wn-®m¬ BsI 75 iX-am\w {]tZ-i-ß-sf-Dƒs∏S- pØ- W- w. ae{- ºt- Zi- ß- f- psS 66 iXa- m\w h\-ambn \ne-\n¿Ø-W-sa∂ tZiob e£ytØmsSbmWv KmUvKn¬ IΩn‰n ]cnÿ- nXn taJe- I- sf Xncn-®X- v. ]›na- L- ´w {]tXyI khnt- ij- X- I- ƒ \nd™ae-tbm-c-am-b-Xn-\m¬ 75 iX-am-\hpw CØ-c-Øn¬]cn-c-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-sW-∂v ip]m¿i h∂p.kmam\yw {]m[m-\y-ap≈ tkm¨ III ¬ 25 iX-am\w{]tZi- ß- ƒ Dƒs∏S- pØ- pw. Bdpa- mk- Ø- n\- Iw ]›n-a-L-´-Ønse 75 iX-am\w {]tZ-i-߃ tkm¨ I epwtkm¨ II epw s]SpØn ]cn-ÿnXn Zp¿∫e taJ-e-bmbn hn⁄m-]\w sNø-W-sa∂v KmUvKn¬ kanXnBh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. tkmWp-I-fpsS AXn¿Øn \n¿Æ-b-Øn¬ {]mtZ-inI P\-hn-`m-K-ßsf ]¶m-fn-I-fm-t°-≠X- ns‚ {]m[m\- yhpw AXn¬ {Kmak- `- I- f- psS ]¶pw ]´nI 1.]cn-ÿnXn Zp¿∫e {]tZiw 50 iX-am-\-Øn¬ A[nIw hcp∂ tIc-f-Ønse ]›n-a-L´ Pn√-Ifpw Xmeq-°p-Ifpw Pn√ Xmeq-°p-IƒImk¿tKmUv tkm¨ I tkm¨ II tkm¨ IIIIÆq¿ tlmkvZp¿§vhb-\mSv* ˛˛ ˛ Xe-t»cn ˛ ˛ ˛ sshØncn ˛ ˛ am\-¥-hmSn ˛ kp¬Øm≥_-tØcn ˛tImgn-t°mSv ˛ ˛ amlnae-∏pdw ˛ ˛ ae-∏pdw]me-°mSv aÆm¿°mSv ˛ Nn‰q¿ ˛ ˛Xriq¿ Ccn-ßm-e-°pS Xriq¿ Be-Øq¿ ˛ ˛CSp°n* sXmSp-]pg ˛ ˛ DSp-º≥tNme ˛ hS-°m-t©cntIm´bw tZhn-Ipfw ˛]Ø-\w-Xn´ ]ocp-ta-Sv ˛ ˛sIm√w ˛ Im™n-c-∏≈n ˛Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw dm∂n ˛ ˛ ]p\-eq¿ ˛ ˛ s\Sp-a-ßmSv ˛ ]mem a√-∏≈n sIm´m-c-°c ˛* CSp-°n, hb-\mSv F∂o Pn√-Iƒ KmUvKn¬ kanXn dnt∏m¿´p {]Imcw ]q¿Æ-ambpw tkm¨ I -¬ BWp-≈-Xv. P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 5

]cnÿ- nXn Zp¿∫e taJe- I- ƒ 50 iXa- m\- Ø- n¬ IfpsS 50 iX-am-\-Øn-e-[nIw tkm¨ I tem, II tem,Xmsg hcp∂ ]›n-a-L´ Xmeq-°p-Isf tkm¨ I, III tem BWp-≈-Xv. 50 iX-am-\-Øn¬ Xmsg am{Xwtkm¨ II F∂n-ß-s\bpw Xncn-®n-´p-≠v. Ch-bpsS hcp-∂-h-bmWv ]´nI 2 ¬ \¬In-bn-´p-≈-Xv. CXvhnhcw kanXn dnt∏m¿´n¬ ]´nI 4 Dw A\p-_‘w kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw P\ß-fn¬ `oXn-bp-≠m-°n. DZm-l-3 Dw BbmWv sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CX-\pk- c- n®v cW- Ø- n\v Ccnß- me- °pS (apI- pμ- ]- pc- w), hS°- mt- ©cntIcf- Ø- nse 9 Pn√I- f- ne- mbn tkm¨ I-¬ s]Sp∂ (Xe- ∏- n≈- n), s\Spa- ß- mS- v, Xet- »c- n, sXmSp]- pg F∂oc≠p Xmeq-°p-Ifpw tkm¨ II˛¬ s]Sp∂ 16 Xmeq- Xmeq-°p-I-fpsS 50 iX-am-\-Øn-e-[nIw ÿew°p-I-fp-ap-≠v. Ch-bpsS hnhcw ]´nI 2 ¬ sImSpØn- ISpØ \nb-{¥-W-߃°p hnt[-b-am-Ip-sa∂cn-°p-∂p. Ahÿ P\-ßsf `oXn-bn-em-°n-bn-s√-¶nte A¤p- X-ap-≈q. tkm¨ I Dw tkm¨ II Dw XΩn¬ \nb-{¥- tkmWp-Iƒ Xncn-®-Xn¬ KmUvKn¬ kan-Xn°v Wß- f- psS ImcyØ- n¬ sNdnb hyXymk- ß- tf D≈p.Kpcp-X-c-amb hogvN-bp-≠m-b-Xmbn hna¿i-\ap≠v. tkm¨ II ¬ s]Sp-Ønb Xmeq-°p-Ifpw P\-\n-_n-Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S, hS-°m-t©cn F∂o t]cp-I-fn¬ U-am-bh-bm-sW∂pw ImWmw. \nb-{¥-W-ß-fpsSXmeq-°p-Iƒ C√. D≈Xv apIp-μ-]pcw Xmeq-°pw Imcy-Øn¬ tkm¨ III s‚ Imcyhpw GXm≠v kam-Xe-∏n≈n Xmeq-°p-am-Wv. Xmeq°v Xe-ÿm-\-߃ \-am-Wv.F∂ \ne-bn¬ hS-°m-t©-cn-bpw, Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bpw-F∂v sImSp-°p-∂-Xn¬ sX‰n√ F∂p hmZn-®m¬ a‰v kwÿm-\-ß-fnse ]›n-a-L-´-{]-tZ-i-߃Xs∂ tImgn-t°m´v Pn√-bnse amln Xmeq°v GXm- t]mse-b√ tIc-f-Øns‚ ae-{º-tZ-i-߃. tIc-sW∂Xv Zpcq-l-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. fsØ kw_‘- n®- nS- t- Ømfw KmUvKn¬ dnt∏m¿´nse tkm¨ H∂pw, c≠pw, aq∂p-sams° P\-߃ Xnßn- kanXn Xmeq-°p-Iƒ BWv tkm¨ Xncn-°m≥ ∏m¿°p∂ {]tZi- ß- f- mW- .v DZmlcW- Ø- n\v KmUKv n¬D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. P\-km-{μX IqSp-X-ep≈ ]e Xmeq- kanXn ]q¿Æa- mbpw tkm¨ I¬ s]SpØ- nb hb\- m-°p-Ifpw tkm¨ I ¬ hcp-sa∂pw ISpØ \nb-{¥- Sns‚ P\k- m{- μX 360 Dw CSp°- nb- pt- SXv 254 Dw BWv!Wß- ƒ hcps- a∂- pa- p≈ Bi¶ ZqcoI- c- n°- m≥ BcpwXøm-dm-bn-√. ]´nI 1 ¬ sImSp-Øn-´p≈ Xmeq-°p- ]´nI 2.]cn-ÿnXn Zp¿∫e {]tZiw 50 iX-am-\-Øn¬ Xmsg-bp≈ tkm¨ I epw tkm¨ II epw Dƒs∏Sp∂ tIc-f-Ønse ]›n-a-L´ Pn√-Ifpw Xmeq-°p-Ifpw Xmeq-°p-IƒPn√ tkm¨ I tkm¨ IIImk¿tKmUv ˛ Imk¿tKmUvIÆq¿ ˛ Xfn-∏-dºvtIm-gnt°mSv tImgn-t°mSv sImbn-em≠nae-∏pdw ˛ tIm-gnt°mSv]me-°mSv ˛ s]cn-¥¬aÆFd-Wm-Ipfw ˛ Xncq¿ ]me-°mSv ]me-°mSvtIm´bw ˛ H‰-∏mewsIm√w ˛ s]cp-ºm-hq¿Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ˛ Beph ˛ tImX-aw-Kew ˛ aqhm-‰p-]pg ˛ Nß-\m-t»cn ˛ sIm√w ˛ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ˛ Nnd-bn≥Iogv6 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

]›n-a-L´ ]cn-ÿnXn AtXm-dn‰n `qhn-\n-tbm-K-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ip]m¿i-Iƒ ]cn-ÿnXn Zp¿∫e {]tZ-iambn \n¿t±-in-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ ]›n-a-L´ taJ-e-I-fnse ]cn-ÿn-Xn-]-c- h\w˛- I- rj- n`- qa- nI- ƒ cq]m¥- c- s- ∏S- pØ- m≥ A\p-amb BLm-X-ß-sf-∏‰n ]Tn-°m\pw ]cn-ÿnXn h-Zn-°-cpXv F∂v KmUvKn¬ kanXn ip]m¿i sNøp-Zp¿∫e tkmWpI- ƒ (tkm¨ I, tkm¨ II, tkm¨ III) ∂p. h\-`qan ht\-Xc Bh-iy-߃t°m, Irjn-`qanth¿Xn-cn-°m-\p-ambn ]›n-a-L-´-Øn\v samØ-Øn¬ Im¿jn-tI-Xc Bh-iy-߃t°m Bbn hn\n-tbm-Kn-_m[-I-amb Hcp D∂-X-Xe AtXm-dn‰n ÿm]n-°- °c- pX- v. Irjn`- qan h\a- mtbm hr£h- nf- I- ƒt°m D]-W-sa∂ kp{]-[m\ \n¿t±iw KmUvKn¬ kanXn tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\pw {]tZ-i-hm-kn-I-fpsS P\-kwJymapt∂m-´p-sh-®p. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ KmUvKn¬ h¿≤\- b- v°\- pk- rX- a- mbn Xmak- Ø- n\v D]t- bmK- n°- p-ip]m¿i-Iƒ kwÿm-\-X-e-Øn¬ \S-∏n-em-°p-∂- ∂-Xn\pw CXv _m[-I-a-√.Xn\pw kwÿm\- ß- ƒ°v th≠ \bß- ƒ cq]h- ¬- °-cn-°p∂Xn\pw kwÿm-\-Xe ]›n-a-L´ ]cn-ÿnXn `qhn-\n-tbm-K-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ip]m¿i-IƒAtXm-dn‰n D≠m-I-Ww. CXn\p Iogn¬ Pn√m ]cn- [mcmfw FXn¿∏pI- ƒ°v CSb- m°- n. Hcp XcØ- ne- p≈ÿnXn IΩn-‰n-bmWv D≠m-hp-I. 1986 se ]cn-ÿnXn Im¿jnt- IX- c {]h¿Ø\- ß- fpw ]‰n√ F∂ i- p]- m¿i(kw-c-£W) \nb-a-Ønse 3˛mw hIp∏p {]Im-c-ap≈ Cu taJe- b- nse hoSp \n¿ΩmW- s- amg- ns- Ib- p≈ hnI-F√m A[n-Im-c-ß-tfmSpw IqSn tI{μ ]cn-ÿnXn ˛ k\ {]h¿Ø\- ß- f- psS taep≈ kºq¿Æ \ntcm[- \- -h\w a{¥m-ebw kwÿm-\-k¿°m-cp-Ifpambn IqSn- am-Ipsa∂v Btcm-]n®psIm≠v _lp-P-\ -kw-L-S\- -bm-tem-Nn-®mWv AtXm-dn‰n cq]n-I-cn-t°-≠-Xv. Iƒ FXn¿°p∂- p. AXmb- Xv, kv°qƒ, Bip]- {- Xn,bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Bdp kwÿm\ ]›n-a-L´ AtXm- s]mXpÿm]-\-߃, hmb-\im-e, I∂p-Imendn-‰n-I-fn-eqsS thWw tI{μ ]›n-a-L´ ]cn-ÿnXn sXmgpØv F∂n-h-sbm∂pw ]cn-ÿnXn Zp¿∫-e- ta-AtXm-dn‰n- Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿Δ-ln-°m≥. hnhn[ hn`m- J-eI-fn¬ ]mSn-√. ASn-ÿm\ hnI-k\w \ntj-[n-K-ßsf {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ 24 t]cmWv tI{μ °s- ∏S- p∂ Cu taJe- b- n¬ \n∂v Hgn™- pt- ]mt- I≠nAtXm-dn‰n-bn¬. tZiob h\y-Pohn t_m¿Uns‚ hcp-sa∂v P\w `b-°p-∂p.amXr-I-bn-emWo AtXm-dn‰n. kwÿm\ AtXm-dn-‰n-bn¬ 11 AwK-ß-fm-Wp-≠m-hp-I. DtZym-K-ÿ≥am s]mXp-`qan kzIm-cy-`q-an-bm°n am‰-cpXv F∂pwscbpw k¿°mcn-Xc kwLS-\m {]Xn-\n-[n-Isfbpw Hcp \n¿t±-i-ap-≠v. CSp°n, hb-\mSv apX-emb Pn√-am{Xw Dƒs∏S- pØn bYm¿∞ P\{- ]X- n\- n[- nI- sf Hgn- If- n¬ ]´b- t- am, `qtcJ- I- tfm e`n°- mØ tKm{Xh- ¿§-hm°- ns- b∂ hna¿i\- a- mWv C°mc- yØ- n¬ KmUvKn¬ °m-cpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ Bbnc-°-W-°n\v I¿j-Icp-≠v.dnt∏m¿´ns\ FXn¿°p-∂-h¿ D∂-bn-°p-∂-Xv. hfsc 1977 P\phcn 1 \p apºv h\`- qa- nI- f- n¬ IpSnt- bdn Irjn-hn]p-e-amb A[n-Im-c-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb PpUo-jy¬ sN-bvX-h¿°v ]´bw \¬Im≥ k¿°m¿ Xocp-am-\n-kz`m-h-ap≈ AtXm-dn‰n-I-fm-Wv- C-h-sb∂v Hm¿°- ®nc- p∂p. 1993 ¬ tI{μ h\w hIp∏v CXn\v A\pa- XnbpwWw. kp{]owt- ImS- Xn t]mepw t`ZK- Xn sNømØ Xc- \eIv n. F∂me- nXv Ct∏mg- pw \S∏- mb- n√- . Cu I¿jI˛Øn-ep≈ Ãm‰yq-´dn AtXm-dn-‰n-bmWv hn`m-h\w tKm{X-h¿§ -P\߃°v Hcp ImeØpw ]´bw In´n-sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. s√∂v Ah¿ `b-°p-∂p. s]mXp DS-a-ÿX-bn-ep≈ `qan s]mXp Xm¬]c- y{- ]I- mcw hn\nt- bmK- n°- p∂- X- n\v \nb-{¥Ww ]mSn-s√∂pw Bh-iy-ap-b¿∂p. P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 7

Irjnb- pa- mbn _‘s- ∏´ ip]m¿iI- ƒ Irjnb- pa- mbn _‘s- ∏´ ip]m¿iI- ƒ- -s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ hna¿i-\-߃ KmUvKn¬ kan-Xn-bpsS Irjnbpw `q D]-tbm-K-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p≈ ip]m¿i-I-fmWv G‰hpw ]cnÿ- nXn Zp¿∫e taJe I (tkm¨ I) ¬ A©pA[nIw FXn¿∏p-Iƒ £Wn-®p-h-cp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv.- h¿jw sIm≠v cmk-h-f-ßfpw IoS\m-in-\n-IfpwIr-jn, arK-kw-c-£Ww, `qD-]-tbm-Kw F∂o hnj-b- \ntcm[- n°- Ww F∂p ]db- p∂- p≠- v (tkm¨ 2 ¬ 8ß-fn¬ kanXn \¬Inb ]e ip]m¿iIfpw Aim- h¿jw sIm≠pw tkm¨ 3 ¬ 10 h¿jw sIm≠pwkv{Xo-bhpw A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-hp-am-sW∂v hna¿in-°- \ntcm-[\w \S-∏n-em-°-Ww). If-\m-in-\n-Iƒ DS≥s∏-Sp∂p. CXn\v Hcp ImcWw Irjn hnZ-Kv[-cmcpw Xs∂ \ntcm-[n-°-W-sa∂pw ip]m¿i-bp≠v. ssPh-kan-Xn-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√- F-∂-XmWv. ]›n-a-L´ Irj- nb- nt- e°v amdnb- m¬ am{Xta ssPhs- shh- n≤- yhpw]cn-ÿnXn hnZKv[ kanXn cq]o-I-cn®psIm≠p≈ ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw kwc-£n-°-s∏Sq F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬hn⁄m-]-\-Øn¬ Bdp Npa-X-e-Iƒ \nd-th-‰m-\mWv imkv{Xob ASn-ÿm-\-sam-∂p-an-√. cmk-h-f-ß-fp-Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xv. CXn¬ aq∂m-a-tØXv ‘]›n-a-L´ sSbpw IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fp-sSbpw Aan-X-amb D]-tbm--ta-J-e-bpsS ]cn-c-£, kwc-£-Ww, ]p\-cp-÷o-h\w K-amWv \nb-{¥n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xv. A√msX Ah ]q¿Æ-F∂nh kw_-‘n®v ip]m¿i-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂- ambn \ntcm[- n°- pI- b- √ th≠X- .v ssPhI- rjn am{XtaXn\v apºv _‘s∏´ P\-ß-fp-ambpw kwÿm\ A\ph- Z- n°- q F∂ auenI- h- mZw Irjns- Im≠v am{Xwk¿°mc- pI- f- pa- mbpw hn]pe- a- mb IqSnb- mt- emN- \- I- ƒ- D]-Po-h\w \S-Øp∂ bYm¿∞ I¿j-Isc Kpcp-X-c-\S-Øn-bn-cn-°-Ww’ F-∂mWv. kanXn cq]o-I-cn®p ambn _m[n-°p∂ H∂m-Wv. ssPh-Irjn sNbvXmepsIm≠p≈ DØc- h- n¬ £WnX- mhv F∂ \nebntem -≠m-hp∂ \jvSw k¿°m¿ \nIØpw Fs∂ms°kl AwKw F∂ \ne-bntem IqSp-X¬ hnZKv[sc ]d-bp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw I¿j-I¿ AXv hniz-kn-°m≥Dƒs°m-≈n°mw (co-opt) F∂p ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Xøm-dm-hp-∂n-√.dnt∏m¿´nse \n¿t±-i-߃ G‰-hp-a-[nIw _m[n-°p∂ I¿jI {]Xn\- n[- nI- f- pa- mtbm ]›na- L- ´ {]tZ- ]›na- L- ´ taJe- b- n¬ Irjn sNøpt- ºmƒ D¬∏iØ- p≈ Im¿jnI Kthj- W tI{μß- f- nse hnZK- v[ ∂- ß- f- psS KpWw am{Xta t\m°mh- q, hnfhv t\mt°-cpa- mtbm Irjn DtZymK- ÿ- c- pa- mtbm Hcp XcØ- ne- p≈ ≠-Xn√ Fs∂ms° ]d-bp-∂Xv Irjn-°m¿ AwKo-N¿®bpw \S-Øn-b-Xmbn dnt∏m¿´n¬ ImWp-∂n-√. Ic- n°- p∂- n√- . em`a- ns- √¶- n¬ Bcpw Irjn°v apXnc- n√- . AXyp¬- ∏mZ- \tijnb- p≈ C\ß- fpw, k¶c- hn-Øp-Irjn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {][m\ ip]m¿i-Iƒ Ifpw Hgn-hm°n \mS≥ C\-߃ am{Xta ]mSp≈pt\m°mw : F∂pw ]d-™n-´p-≠v. d∫¿, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Gew, Im∏n, C©n F∂o hnfI- f- n¬ \mS≥ C\ß- ƒ am{Xw D]t- bm-1. P\nXI am‰w hcpØ- nb hnfI- ƒ Irjn sNøc- pX- .v Kn®- ps- Im≠- p≈ Irjn ]‰n√- . I∂pI- men hf¿Øepw \mS≥ C\-߃ am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn®v \S-Øm-\m-hn-2. cmk-h-f-ap-]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ Irjn 5˛10 h¿jw √. Irjn sIm≠v am{Xw D]-Po-h\w \S-Øp∂ Hcp sIm≠v aq∂p tkmWpI- f- nepw Ahk- m\- n∏- n°- W- w. kaqlw \mSpw hoSpw hn‰v IpSn-tb-‰-°m-cmbn amdnb a\p-jy-cpsS \mSmWv ]›n-a-L´- w. temI hym]mc3. ]›n-a-L-´-Ønse Irjn 5˛10 h¿jwsIm≠v kwLS- \- b- ps- Sbpw ‘Bknb- ≥’ t]mep≈ kzX{¥ ]q¿Æ-ambpw ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te°v amd-Ww. If hym]m-c-°-cm-dp-I-fp-sSbpw ^e-ambn Zpcn-X-a-\p-`-hn- \min\- nI- ƒ, IoS\- mi- n\- nI- ƒ, Ipanƒ \min\- nI- ƒ °p∂ Im¿jnI taJ-ebv°v IqSp-X¬ \nb-{¥-W- F∂nh- bpw \ntcm[- n°- W- w. Cu am‰Ø- n\- mh- iy ߃ Iq\n≥ta¬ Ipcp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. a- mb F√m ]n¥pW- bpw, kmºØ- nIw Dƒs∏sS, I¿j-I¿°v \¬I-Ww. cmk-h-f-{]-tbmKw aÆnse kq£vam-Wp-°sf apgph≥ sIms∂m-Sp-°n-sb∂pw aÆns‚ LS-\sb4. bq°me- n]- v‰kv t]mep≈ acß- f- psS hym]\- hpw am‰na- d- n®- ps- h∂pw dnt∏m¿´n¬ FgpX- nb- nc- n°- p∂- X- n\v CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ GI-hnf Irjnbpw XS-b-Ww. imkv{Xob ASnÿ- m\- a- n√- . cmkh- f D]t- bmKw IqSn- b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv \Zn-IfpsS Hgp-°n-s\bpw ae-I-fpsS5. ]cº- c- mK- X hnØn\- ß- fpw I∂pI- men C\ß- fpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-sbbpw kmc-ambn _m[n-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v I¿j-I¿°v {]tXyI Pe-Øns‚ AanX NqjWw \S-°p-∂Xv F∂pw klmbw \¬I-Ww. dnt∏m¿´n¬ ]c-ma¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn-s\m∂pw hkvXp-X-I-fpsS ]n≥_-e-an-√.6. Imen-h-f¿Ø¬ Dƒs∏-sSbp≈ I¿j-I-cpsS D]-Po-h\ am¿§-߃ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-Ww. aÆp kwc-£W {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf°pdn®v KmUvKn¬ kan-Xn°v hy‡-amb [mc-W-bp-≈-Xmbn7. 30 iX-am-\-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ Ncn-hp≈ {]tZ-i-ß- tXm∂p-∂n-√. AXmWv I¿j-I¿ s]mXpsh kzoI- fn¬ hm¿jnI hnf-I-fpsS Irjn ]mSn-√. cn®p ImWp∂ Iøme \n¿ΩmW coXn ]mtS Dt]- £n°- W- s- a∂v ]db- p∂- X- v. ]Icw kkyß- f- psS \nc8. h\yP- oh- nI- f- psS hgnØ- mc- b- mbn tcJ∏- S- pØ- nb- n- hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m-\mWv ip]m¿i. km¿Δ-{XnI aÆp- cn-°p∂ tXm´-߃ h\-ambn am‰-Ww. \jSv kq{Xh- mIyw (Universal Soil Loss Equation) {]Imcw sNcn-hp-Iq-Sn-bXpw ag IqSp-X-ep-≈-Xp-amb {]tZ-i-ß-9. henb Ubdn bqWn-‰p-Iƒ°p ]Icw aqt∂m \mtem ]ip-°-fp≈ sNdnb bqWn-‰p-Iƒ aXn.10. I√p-Iøme-Iƒ°p ]Icw ssPh-th-en-Iƒ aXn.11. tkm¨ I ¬ ssPhh- n`- h- ß- sf ASnÿ- m\- a- m°n- bp≈ lcn-X-hy-h-km-b-߃ am{Xta ]mSp-≈q.12. tXbne- , Im∏n, Gew XpSß- nb GIh- nf tXm´ß- ƒ _lp-hn-f- tXm-´-ß-fmbn am‰W- w.8 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

fn¬ Im¿jnI coXn-Iƒ sIm≠p-am{Xw aÆp-kw-c- IpSnt- b‰w Bcw`- n°- p∂- Xv {][m\- a- mbpw H∂mw£Ww Dd-∏m-°m-\m-hn√. bm{¥nI coXn-I-fmb X´p temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Øn\p tij-am-Wv. CXn\p \nan-Ø-Xncn-°¬, _≠p \n¿Ωm-Ww, CS-Ø-´p-Iƒ F∂nh am-bXv ‘99 se sh≈s∏m°-hpw’. H∂mw temIa-lm-IqSn-bp-s≠-¶nte a-¨\jvSw Ipd-°m-\mhq. ae-tbm- bp-≤-w (1914 ˛ 18) sImSpw ]´nWn kΩm-\n-®mWvc-ß-fn¬ aÆn\v Bgw Ipd-hm-b-Xp-sIm≠v X´p-Xn-cn- IS∂p t]mb-Xv. ]g-a-°m¿ ’99 se sh≈-s∏m°w°¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-a-√. I¿j-I¿ Xs∂ Is≠Øn F∂p ]d-bp∂ Zpc¥w {]iv\-߃ IqSp-X¬ hj-Bcw`- n®- t- Xm, bqtdm]- y≥am¿ sIm≠ph- ∂- tXm Bb fm-°n. ae-bmf h¿jw 1099 I¿°n-SIw AYhm 1924]yq¿t´m-dn-°¬ tamU¬ Iøm-e-I-fmWv ae-s©-cn- Pqsse-bnemWv CXv kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.hp-I-fn¬ hym]-I-ambn kzoI-cn-®p-Im-Wp-∂Xv.tIcfsØ t]mse ae-{º-tZ-i-߃ [mcm-f-ap≈ sXmÆqs‰m-º-Xnse sh≈-s∏m°w G‰-hp-a-]yq¿t´m-dn-°, tlm≠p-dmkv XpS-ßnb a≤y Ata-cn- [nIw _m[n-®Xv a≤y Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dp-Im-sc-bm-Wv.°≥ cmPy-ß-fn¬ hym]-I-ambn kzoI-cn®p ImWp∂ ]´nWn Zp -l-am-b-t∏mƒ ]nd∂ \mSpw hoSpw hn‰vaÆp kwc-£W coXn-bm-Wn-Xv. CXn-t\m-sSm∏w ]p\wIrjnb- mbn s\√pw, acn®- o\- nbpw Irjn sNbvXpkky-ß-fpsS \nc-Ifpw a‰p aÆp kwc-£W D]-Po-h\w tXSmw F∂ {]Xo-£-tbmsS IpSn-tb‰w{]h¿ØnI- fpw thWs- a∂- mWv imkv{Xob ip]m¿i. Bcw-`n-®-Xmbn ImWp-∂Xv 1926 emWv. d∫¿, Ipcpa- pf- I- v, Gew, tXbne- , Im∏n F∂nh c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Øn\p tij-amWv (1939sbms° GI-hn-f-tØm-´-ß-fm-sW∂v ]d-bm≥ Ign- ˛ 1945) c≠mwL´ IpSn-tb‰w \S-°p-∂-Xv. c≠mwbn-√. d∫-dns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw sNdp-In-S-°m¿ temI-a-lm-bp-≤-tØmsS `£y-h-kvXp-°-fpsS e`yXBZysØ 4-˛5 h¿j-°mew a‰p-hn-f-Iƒ CS-hn-f-I- Xo¿Øpw hj-fm-bn. _¿Ω-bn¬ \n∂v Acn hcp-∂Xvfmbn sNømd- p≠- v. h≥InS- t- Xm´- ß- f- n¬ Bhc- W hnf- \n∂p. hSt° C¥y _wKmƒ £ma-Øns‚ \ng-en-Iƒ D≠m-Ipw. ac-߃ Ce-hn-Xm\w h∂p aqSp-∂- em-bn. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ IpSn-tb‰w Hcp h≥{]-tXmsS XW¬ CjvS-s∏-Sp∂ If-Ifpw ]p√p-Ifpw hml- a- mbn Xs∂ XpS¿∂p. {_n´oj- pI- m¿ XpSßn h®Ah-ti-jn-°pw. If-Isf ]q¿Æ-ambpw Hgn-hm-°p∂ ‘t{Km tam¿ ^pUv’ {]Nm-cWw, c≠mw temI alm-coXn-b-√, {]XypX, Acn-hmƒsIm≠v As√-¶n¬ bp≤- Ø- n\v tija- p≈ hnap‡ `S≥amc- psS ]p\c- [- n-{_jv I´¿ sIm≠v HXp°n \n¿Øp∂ coXn-bmWv hmkw F∂nh- bpw IpSnt- b‰- Ø- n\v B°w Iq´n. `£yhym]-Iw. Gew, Im∏n, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, F∂n-h-bn¬ -£m-a-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®n-XW¬ ac-߃ D≠m-Ipw. am{X-a-√, Ch an°-hmdpw cp∂ ‘ln¬]mUn’ ]≤Xn, ‘tSm¶ym’ Irjn F∂nh- bpwCSh- nf- I- f- mb- mWv Irjn sNøp∂- X- v. tXbne t]mepw CtXm-sSm∏w Iq´n hmbn-°mw. {io. ]´w XmWp-]n≈GI-hn-f-tXm-´-ß-fm-sW∂v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bn-√. Ch- apJya- {- ¥nb- mb- nc- p∂- t- ∏mƒ \S∏- ne- m°- nb ssltd©vbn¬ kn¬h¿ Hm°v XW¬ ac-ß-fmbn sh®p-]n-Sn- tImf-ss\-tk-j≥ kvIow {]Im-chpw [mcmfw t]¿∏n-®n-´p-≠m-hpw. tKmX-ºv, tNmfw, F∂n-h-sbms° ssltd©n-te°v IpSn-tb-dn.GIh- nf- b- mbn Irjn sNøp∂- X- pt- ]ms- eb- √ ]›na- -L´ taJeb- nse tXm´h- nf- I- ƒ F∂p a\ - ne- m°- W- w. ]›n-a-L-´sØ B{i-bn®v 25 tImSn-bn¬∏cw P\-߃ Pohn-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu kp{]-[m\ ssPh-ta-tX°v tXm´ß-sf-∏‰n KmUvKn¬ kanXn H∂pw J-e-bpsS kpÿn-cX ]›n-a-L-´-ß-fpsS Xmgvh-c-]d™p ImWp-∂n-√. a‰p- a-c-ßtfm ASn°mSp-Itfm bn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-h-cp-sSbpw {]iv\-am-Wv. ]t£,tX°v tXm´-Øn¬ hf-cm-dn-√ F∂-Xn-\m¬ I¿j-I- ip]m¿i-Iƒ \n¿t±-in-°p-tºmƒ Xe-ap-d-I-fmbncpsS tXm´-ß-tf-°mƒ ssPh-ssh-hn≤yw Ipdhv Irjnbpw a‰p sXmgne- pIfpw D]P- oh- \ am¿§a- m°- nbtX°p-tXm-´-ß-fn-em-Wv. km[mcW P\ß- sf hnizmk- Ø- ns- eS- ptØ aXnb- mh- q. KmUvKn¬ kanXn dnt∏m¿´n¬ ]d-™-{]-Imcw ]cn-KmUvKn¬ Ah-K-Wn® ae-_m¿˛ ÿnXn Zp¿∫e taJ-e-Iƒ hnfw-_cw sNbvXm¬ssltd©v IpSn-tb‰w hnhn-[-X-c-Øn-ep≈ \nb-{¥-W-߃°v hnt[-b-ambn Pohnt- °≠n hcps- a∂pw hnIk- \ ]≤X- nI- ƒ \n¬°p tIc-f-Øns‚ ]›n-a-L-´-Øn-te-°p≈ IpSn-tb- -sa∂pap≈ Bi¶ AI-t‰-≠-Xp-≠v.‰sØ∏‰ntbm AXn\v Imc-W-`q-X-amb kmaq-ly,kmºØ- nI ImcW- ß- s- f∏- ‰- nt- bm, Ct∏mg- sØ Ah- ]cnÿ- nXn kwc£- W- Øn\v I¿jI- ¿ FXnc- √- .ÿ-sb-∏-‰ntbm bmsXmcp ]cma¿ihpw dnt∏m¿´n-en- Ah-cp-tS-Xmb hgn-I-fn-eqsS Irjn-`q-anbpw ]cn-ÿn-√. KmUvKn¬ dnt∏m¿´v c≠mw `mKw 7˛mw t]Pn¬ Xnbpw G‰hpw anI® coXn-bn¬ kwc-£n-°p-hm≥\¬Inb- n´- p≈ ]´nI˛2 ¬ ]›na- L- ´- Ø- ns‚ Ncn{Xw `qcn`- mKw I¿jI- cpw {i≤n°- md- pa- p≠- v. F∂m¬ Gsdkw£n]- Xv a- mbn ]db- p∂- p≠- .v ]t£, ]›na- L- ´- s- Ø P\-km-{μ-X-bp≈ ]›n-a-L´ {]tZ-i-ß-fpsS kwc-_m[n® ]e kw`-h-ßfpw AXn¬ ]cma-¿in®p £Ww AhnsS hkn°- p∂ P\ß- f- psS Bhi- yß- ƒImWp∂- n√- . kp{][- m\- a- mb Hcp hn´pI- f- b- ¬ ssltd- IqSn IW-°n-se-SpØv th≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. C°m-cy-©n-te°pw ae-_m-dn-te-°p-ap≈ IpSn-tb-‰-Øns‚ Øn¬ bYm¿∞ t_m[-tØm-sS-bp≈ Hcp ka-hmbImcy-Øn-em-Wv. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmº-Øn-I, kmaq- amWv D≠m-tI≠Xv.lnI, ]cn-ÿnXn taJ-e-I-fn¬ Ht´sd {]Xym-Lm-X-߃ krjvSn® H∂mWv ]›na- L- ´- ß- f- nt- e°v hym]- (tUm. kn. tPm¿÷v tXmakv sh≈m-\n-°c tlm¿´n-I-ambn \S∂ I¿jI IpSn-tb-‰w. °ƒ®-d¬ tImtfPn¬ At{Km-Wan hn`mKw s{]m^- k-dm-Wv. samss_¬ : 9349759355) z P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 9

kn. B¿. F¬kn tUm. sI. IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ ssPh-ssh-hn-[yw sIm≠v kºp-jvS-amb Hcp {]tZ-i-sa∂ \ne-bn¬‘ ]›n-a-L´ ae-\n-cIfpsS Ipsd ]›n-a-L-´-Øn\v BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬Xs∂ Gsd {]m[m\yw D≠v. temI- Ønse 11 alm ssPh-ssh-hn-[y- tI-{μ-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv C¥y. C¥y-`mK-ß-fn¬ P\h- mk- hpw Irjn-bn- bn¬Xs∂ lnam-e-b≥ ae-\n-c-Ifpw ]›n-a-L´ ae-\n-c-I-fp-amWv ssPh-S-ßfpw Ds≠-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]›na- L- - k-º-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ G‰hpw ap≥]-¥n-bn¬. AXy-]q¿Δ-amb kky˛´-Øns‚ samØ-Øn-ep≈ kwc- -P¥p sshhn≤yw sIm≠pw ]mcnÿn-XnI {]m[m\yw sIm≠pw {i≤£W \nb-{¥W \n¿t±-i-ß-f√ -t\-Snb ]›n-a-L-´ ae-\n-c-Isf C∂v th≠-Xn-e-[nIw NqjWw sNbvXp-IkXv qc- nc- wK- ≥ IΩn‰n \¬Inb- X- .v I-gn-™p. h\-߃, Pe-t{km-X- p-Iƒ, aÆv, ]md XpS-ßnb {]Ir-Xn-hn-]›n-a-L-´-taJ-esb kzm`m-hnI `-h-ßsf A\n-b-{¥n-X-ambn NqjWw sNøp-∂Xv XpS¿∂m¬ ]›n-a-`q{]tZi- w (Natural Landscape) L´ taJ-e-bnse kwÿm-\-ß-fpsS \ne-\n¬∏p-Xs∂ _p≤nap-´n-emIpwF∂pw kmwk°v mcnI `q{]tZi- w F∂p Xncn®dn-™tXmsS, Nqj-W-Øns‚ hym]vXn Ipd®v ]›n-a-L-(Cultural Landscape) F∂pw ´sØ kwc-£n-°m≥ `mc-X-k¿°m¿ ]≤-Xn-I-fm-hn-jv°-cn-®p. Cu {ia-th¿Xncn®mWv kwc-£-W-am¿§- ߃°v IqSp-X¬ Znim-t_m-[hpw ^e-{]m-]vXnbpw \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n k¿°m¿ ]cn-ÿnXn h\ a{¥m-e-b-Øns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬, 2010 ¬ Hcp’߃ \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]›n-a-L´ ]cn-ÿnXn hnZKv[ k-anXn cq]o-I-cn-®p. tUm. am[hv KmUvKn¬ Bbn-cp∂p Cu kan-Xn-bpsS A≤y-£≥. ]›n-a-L´ ae-\n-c- I-fnse ]cn-ÿnXn kwth-ZI taJ-e-Isf Is≠-Øp-hm\pw, ]›na-L´ ae-\n-c-I-fpsS ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\pw kwc-£-W-Øn\pw ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\- Øn\pw klm-b-I-amb {]mtbm-KnI \n¿t±-i-߃ \¬Ip-hm-\p-amWv hnZKv[ -k-an-Xn-tbmSv k¿°m¿ \n¿t±-in-®n-cp-∂-Xv. hnhn-[-ß-fmb ]T-\-߃°pw \nco-£-W-߃°pw tijw KmUvKn¬ IΩn‰n ka¿∏n® dnt∏m¿´v hym]-I-amb XpS¿N¿®-Iƒ°pw Ah-tem-I-\-߃°pw hnt[-b-ambn. Cu N¿®-I-fnepw Ah-tem-I-\- ßfnepw DcpØ- nc- n™- ph- ∂ A`n{- ]mb- ß- f- pw hnhn[ P\h- n`- mK- ß- ƒ {]I- Sn∏- n® Bi¶- I- fpw IW°- ns- eS- pØv ]›na- L- ´- Ø- ns‚ samØØ- ne- p≈ hnI-k-\-Øn\pw ssPh-ssh-hn≤y kwc-£-W-Øn\pw {]m[m\yw \¬Ip- ∂-tXm-sSm∏w AhnsS hkn-°p∂ P\-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\m-h-iy-ßsf ]cn- KW- n°- pI- bpw sNbXv ps- Im≠- p≈ \n¿t±i- ß- ƒ ka¿∏n°- ph- m\- mbn 2012 ¬ k¿°m¿ tUm. IkvXq-cn-cw-Ks‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp sslse-h¬10 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

h¿°nßv {Kq∏ns\ \nb-an-®p. KmUvKn¬ dnt∏m¿´v F∂pw kmwkv°m-cnI `q{]tZ-i-w (Cultural Landscape)ka-{K-ambn hne-bn-cp-Øn-b-tijw ]›n-a-L-´-Øns‚ F∂pw th¿Xncn®mWv kwc-£-W-am¿§-߃ \n¿t±-kpÿnc- k- wc- £- W- Ø- n\- mb- p≈ {]mtbmK- nI \n¿t±- in®- nc- n°- p∂- X- v. P\h- mkw IqSpX- ep≈Xpw Irjnbpwi-߃ ka¿∏n-°p-hm-\m-Wv IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ IΩn-‰n- tXm´-hn-f-Ifpw [mcm-f-ap-≈-Xp-amb {]tZ-i-ß-fmWvtbmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. 2013˛¬ ka¿∏n® IkvXq- kmwkv°m-cnI `q{]tZ-i-߃. CXv ]›n-a-L-´-cn-cw-K≥ IΩn‰n dnt∏m¿´nse {][m\ \n¿t±-i-ß- Øns‚ samØw hnkvXrXn-bpsS GXm≠v 59 iX-fmWv Cu teJ-\-Øn¬ {][m-\-ambpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn- am\w hcpw. sh´n-ap-dn-°-s∏-SmØ XpS¿®-bm-bp≈bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. h\taJe-bp-≈Xpw ssPh-k-º-Øn-\m¬ kºp-jvS- am-b-Xp-amb _m°n-h-cp∂ 41 iX-am\w ]›n-a-L- ]›n-a-L-´-Ønse ]cn-ÿnXnteme taJ-e- ´{]tZ-isØ kzm`m-hnI `q{]tZ-i-ambn IW-°m-°n-Isf Xncn®- d- nb- ph- m\- mbn kanXn dntam´v sk≥knßv bnc- n°- p∂- p. Chbv°v GXm≠v 60,000 NXpc- {i Intem-apX-emb B[p\nI kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-fpsS ao-‰¿ hnkvXr-Xn-bp-≠v. P\-hmkw Xptemw Ipd-hmbklmbw tXSp-Ibpw ]›n-a-L-´-Ønse ]cn- kzm`m-hnI `q{]-tZ-i-ß-fpsS ]cn-[n-bn¬ kwc-£nXÿnXnteme taJ-e-Isf {Kma-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\- {]tZ-i-ßfpw, temI ss]XrI CS-ßfpw, B\-Øm-Øn¬ Xcw-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]›n-a-L´ ae- c-I-fpw, ISp-hm-k-t¶-X-ßfpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. hnhn[\n-cIfpsS Ipsd `mK-ß-fn¬ P\-hm-khpw Irjn-bn- kwÿm\- ß- f- nse samØw `qhnk- vXrXn, kzm`mh- nIS-ßfpw Ds≠-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]›n-a-L-´-Øns‚ samØ- `q{]tZi hnkvXr-Xn, kmwkv°m-cnI `q{]tZiØn-ep≈ kwc-£W \nb-{¥W \n¿t±-i-ß-f√ hnkvXr-Xn, ]cn-ÿnXn teme {]tZ-i-ß-fpsSIkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ IΩn‰n \¬In-b-Xv. ]›n-a-L-´-taJ- hym]vXn F∂nh ]´nI 1 -¬- sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.esb kzm`m-hnI `q{]tZ-i-w (Natural Landscape)]´nI 1. hnhn[ kwÿm-\-ß-fpsS samØw hnkvXr-Xn, ]›n-a-L´ {]tZi hnkvXr-Xn,kzm`m-hnI `q{]tZi hnkvXr-Xn, kmwkv-°m-cnI `q{]tZi hnkvXr-Xn, ]cn-ÿnXn teme{]tZißfpsS hnkvXr-Xn F∂n-hkwÿm\w samØw ]›n-a-L´ kzm`m-hnI kmwkv°m-cnI ]›n-a-L-´-Ønse hnkvXrXn Xmeq-°p-I-fpsS `q{]-tZi `q{]-tZi ]cn-ÿn-Xn-teme hnkvXrXn {]tZ-ißfpsS (N.- In. -ao.) hnkvXrXn hnkvXrXn iX-am-\-°-W°v (N.- In. -ao.) (N.- In. -ao.) (N.- In. -ao.) (N.- In. -ao.) tKmh 3,702 1,749 1,558 191 83.6KpP-dmØv 1,96,024 5,977 2,553 3,423 7.5I¿Æm-SI 1,91,791 44,448 21,529 22,919 46.5 38,863 29,691 12,477 17,214 44.2 tIcf 3,07,713 55,345 21,185 34,161 31.3alm-cmjv{S 1,30,058 27,069 8,947 18,122 25.5 Xan-gv\mSv 8,68,151 1,64,280 68,249 96,031 36.5 BsI P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 11

]›n-a-L-´-Ønse ]cn-ÿn-Xn°pw Bhm-k- Pe-ssh-ZypX ]≤-Xn-Iƒ XΩn¬ aq∂p Intem-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ°pw tIm´w X´m-sXbpw, AtXm-sSm∏w ao-‰-tdmfw Zqcap≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. ssh-ZypXnAhnsS hkn-°p∂ P\-ß-fpsS Poh-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ \neb- Øns‚ BLmX ]cn[- nb- n¬ \ZoX- S- Ø- ns‚°v XS w hcm-sXbpw a\p-jy\v {]IrXn-bp-am-bp≈ ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ Ipd™ `mKta hcm-hq._‘sØ AwKoI- c- n®- ps- Im≠pap≈ kpÿnc kwc- * AXn-c-∏n≈n Pessh-ZypX\ne-bsØ∏‰n IkvXq-£W am¿§ \n¿t±i- ß- f- mWv IkvXqc- nc- wK- ≥ IΩn‰n cn-cw-K≥ IΩn‰n {]tXyIw ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p-≠v.\¬In-b-Xv. apJy-ambpw kzm`m-hnI `q{]-tZ-i-ßsf kwÿm\- Ø- ns‚ h¿≤n® sshZypX- nb- mh- i- yß- ƒtI{μo-I-cn®v \nb-{¥-W-ßfpw \ntcm-[-\-ßfpw \nd-th-‰m-\mbn Cu ]≤Xn Bh-iy-am-sW∂v\S-∏m-°m-\mbn IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ IΩn‰n ka¿∏n® IΩn‰n a\- n-em-°p-∂p. F¶nepw Du¿÷ D¬∏m-{][m\ \n¿-t±-i-߃ Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p. Z-\-Øn-t‚bpw \Zn-bpsS {]hm-l-Øn≥ta-ep≈ BLm-X-Øn-t‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]≤-Xnsb• ]›n-a-L-´-Ønse ]cn-ÿnXn teme{]tZ-i-ßsf ho≠pw Ah-tem-I\w sNøp-Ibpw ssPh-k-º- Øns‚ \ioI- c- W km[yX- I- s- f°- pd- n®v ]Tn°- pI- bpw ]©mb- Ø- pI- f- psS ASnÿ- m\- Ø- n¬ ASb- mf- s- ∏- thWw. Cu Aht- emI- \- ß- ƒ°pw ]T\- ß- ƒ°pw SpØn hn⁄m-]\w ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-Ibpw Ah- tijw tIcfk¿°m-cn\v Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ ho≠pw bpsS kwc-£-W-Øn\v F{Xbpw s]s´∂v \S-]- tI{μ ]cn-ÿnXn a{¥m-e-b-Øn¬ ]≤Xn A\p-a- Sn-IsfSp-°p-Ibpw AhnsS \S-∏m-°p∂ hnI-k\ Xn-bv°mbn \n¿t±iw ka¿∏n°mw. {]h¿Ø-\-߃°p \nb-{¥-W-߃ sIm≠p hcn- * Kp≠y Pe-ssh-ZypX ]≤-Xn-sb-∏-‰nbpw kn‘p Ibpw thWw. Zp¿§v˛cXv\-Kncn Pn√-I-fnse J\-\-sØ-∏-‰nbpw IΩ‰n {]tXyIw ]c-ma¿in-°p-∂p-≠v.• ]cn-ÿnXn teme{]tZ-i-ßfnse Bhmk hyh- • Im‰n¬ \n∂v sshZypXn D¬∏mZ- n∏- n°- p∂ ]≤X- n ÿ-I-fnt∑¬ BLm-X-ta¬∏n-°p∂ hnI-k-\-{]- h¿Ø\߃°v \ntcm-[-\hpw \nb-{¥-W-hpw -Iƒ°pw ]cnÿ- nXn BLmX- ]- T- \w Bhi- ya- mW- v. D≠m-I-Ww. H´pw Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-\m-ImØ hnI-k-\- {]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v ]cn-ÿnXn BLm-X ]T-\- • ]cn-ÿnXn teme{]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Nph∂ hn`m-K- ߃°p-tijw A\p-aXn \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Øn¬ (Red category) s]Sp∂ hyh-km-b-߃• J\-\w, Izmdn-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\w, aW-eq‰¬ XpS- ]q¿Æa- mbpw \ntcm[- n°- W- w. ]cnÿ- nXn BLmXw G‰hpw Ipd™ hyh-km-b-߃°v ap≥K-W\ ßn-bh ]q¿Æ-ambn \ntcm-[n-°-Ww. Ct∏mƒ \¬I-Ww. Hmd©v hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-Sp∂ hyh-km- \S∂p hcp∂ J\-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ 5 h¿jw b-߃ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn A\p- ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-tºmtgm As√-¶n-¬ Ah-bpsS h-Zn-°mw. J\\m\p-aXn Xocp∂ Znh-ktam GXmWv BZy- s-a-¶n¬- A∂v Ah-km-\n-∏n-°-Ww. • 20000 NXpc- {- ia- o‰- d- n\v apIf- ne- p≈ sI´nS- ß- ƒ°pw• ]cn-ÿnXn teme{]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Xm]-ssh-ZypX \n¿Ωm-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°pw A\p-aXn \¬I -cp-Xv. ]pXnb \Kc \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpw, ]≤-Xn-Iƒ A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv. Pe-ssh-ZypX ]≤- {]mtZinI hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-Ifpw \S-∏n-em-°-cp- Xn-I-fm-Is´ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ \nb-{¥-W-ß-tfmsS Xv.- a‰v F√m ASn-ÿm\ hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-\- am{Xw A\p-h-Zn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ߃°pw, ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°pw 2006 se C. sF. F.* Pes- shZ- ypX \neb- ß- ƒ ÿm]n°- p∂ \ZnI- f- n¬ hn⁄m-]\w A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ]cn-ÿnXn A\p- th\¬°m-eØpw 30 iX-am\sa-¶nepw Pe-{]-hm- aXn Bh-iy-am-Wv. la- p≠- mb- nc- n°- W- w. Hmtcm \neb- Ø- ns‚bpw ]cn- ÿnXn BLm-X-]-T\w {]tXy-I-ambn \S-ØWw. • ]cn-ÿnXn teme-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ h\-\-io-I-c-W- \Zn-I-fnse Pe-{]-hm-l-Ønt∑-ep≈ BLmXw, h\-Øn-t‚bpw ssPh-k-º-Øn-t‚bpw \io-I-cW Øn-s\-Xnsc {]tXyI Icp-X¬ thWw. GsX- km[y-X-Iƒ F∂nh {]tXyIw ]Tn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ¶nepw Imc-W-Øm¬ {]tXyI ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°mbn h\w \in∏nt°≠n h∂m¬ AØcw ]≤-Xn-I-‘]›na- L- ´ {]tZi- ß- f- nse kzm`mh- nI fpsS ]q¿Æ-amb hnh-c-߃ s]mXp-P-\-߃°v e`y-am-°m-\mbn tI{μ ]cn-ÿnXn h\w a{¥m-e- `q{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw kmwkv°m-cnI `q{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw P\-߃ hkn-°p- ∂p-≠v. AXn-\m¬ ]›n-a-L-´-Øn¬ kpÿnc- hpw ]cnÿ- nXn kulrZ- ]- c- h- p -amb hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv sIm≠ph- t- c≠- X- .v ]cnÿ- nXn kulrZ hnI-k\w Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ ]≤-Xn- Iƒ°v [\-k-lmbw \¬Im-\p≈’\b-ß-ƒ D≠m-°-Ww12 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

b-Øn-s‚tbm kwÿm\ h\w hIp-∏n-s‚tbm c-£-W-Øn-\mbpw h\sØ B{i-bn®p Ign-bp-∂- sh_vssk‰n¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°Ww. ]cn-ÿnXn hc- psS Pohnt- Xm]- m[- nI- ƒ kwc£- n°- p∂- X- n\mbpw Zp¿_e -{]-tZ-i-Øns‚ 10 Intem-ao-‰¿ Np‰-f-hn- Cu {Km‚pX- pI hn\nt- bmK- n°- mw. 14˛mw [\I- Ω- o- ep≈ {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ j≥ C°m-cy-Øn-te°mbn IqSp-X¬ XpI hI- \S-Øp-hm≥ 2006 se C. sF. F. hn⁄m-]\w sIm-≈n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. A\pk- c- n®- p≈ ]cnÿ- nXn A\pa- Xn Bhi- ya- mW- .v • ]›n-a-L´ {]tZ-i-ß-fnse ]mcn-ÿn-XnI tkh-• {]mtZ-inI `cW kan-Xn-Iƒ°v ]cn-ÿn-Xn- teme \-߃°v A¿l-amb {]Xn-^ew \¬I-Ww. ap\n- {]tZ-i-ß-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ ]¶m- kn∏- me- n‰nIfpw, ]©mb- Ø- pI- fpambn IqSnb- mt- em- fnØw Dd∏p hcp-Ø-Ww. Nn®v kwÿm-\-k¿°m¿ CØcw tkh-\-߃• ]cn-ÿnXn h\ N´-߃°v A\p-kr-X-ambn ]≤- XpS-ßm≥ ap≥ssI FSp-°-Ww. Xn-Iƒ°v A\p-aXn \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ Ct∏mƒ \ne- • ]›n-a-L´ {]tZ-i-ßfpsS ]m-cn-ÿn-Xn-Ihpw hn-ep≈ \nb-{¥W kwhn-[m-\ßfp-tSbpw Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿm-]-c-hp-amb N´°q-Sn-\p-≈n¬ \nb{¥W ÿm]\-ß-fp-tSbpw {]h¿Ø-\ßfpw \n∂p≈ hnI-k-\-Øn-\p-X-Ip∂ hn[w 20 F ta¬t\m-´hpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. Fs∂mcp D]-hn-`mKw I¨I-d‚ v enÃn¬ Dƒs∏-• ]cnÿ- nXn teme- {]t- Zi- Ø- p≈ {Kmaß- f- n¬ `mhn- Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. bn¬ \S∏- ne- m°- p∂ ]≤X- nI- f- n¬ {Kmak- `- I- ƒ°v • ]›n-a-L-´-Ønse ]cn-ÿn-Xn-teme {]tZ-i-ß- IqSp-X¬ ]¶m-fnØw \¬I-Ww. {Kma-k-`-I-fpsS fpsS kpÿnc hnI-k-\-Øn-\mbn Hcp {]tXyI ap≥Iq´nbp≈ A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS am{Xw AØcw ^≠v Bkq{- XW IΩoj≥ {IaoI- cn°W- w. ]cn- ]≤X- nI- ƒ \S∏- ne- m°- W- w. h\ AhI- mi BISv nse ÿnXn teme{]tZ-i-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øn\v Cu \nb-a-ßfpw Cu {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ i‡- ^≠n¬ \n∂pw klm-b-߃ \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ambn \S-∏n-em-°-Ww. ]cn-ÿnXn teme{]tZ-i-ß-fnse {KmaIq´m-bva-I-• h\y-ar-K-ß-fpsS CS-\m-gn-Iƒ (Wild life corridors) fpsS {]h¿Ø\w i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn Xocp-am-\n-°p-tºmƒ kwÿm\ k¿°m-cp-Iƒ kwÿm-\-߃°v ]mcn-ÿn-XnI {]h¿Ø\ kqNnI (Environmental Performance Index) B[m-c- {]mtZ-inI kaq-l-ß-fpsS A`n-{]mbw tXS-Ww. am-°n-bp≈ [\-k-lmbw \¬Imw. Cu klmbw• ]cn-ÿnXn Zp¿∫e {]tZ-i-ß-fnse hnI-k\ {Kma Iq´mb- vaI- ƒ°v t\cn´p \¬IpI- b- pw thWw. {]h¿Ø-\-߃ \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn\pw kpÿnc • ]›n-a-L-´ hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-bpsS Iogn¬ Xmsg hnI-k\w km≤y-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw Bh-iy-am-bn- ]d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ Dƒs∏-SpØmw. * ]›na- L- ´ hnIk- \- Ø- n\- mbn Bbncw tImSn cq] ´p≈ kwhn-[m\߃ kwÿm\ k¿°m-cp-Iƒ A[nIw \¬I-Ww. s]s´-∂p-Xs∂ ssIs°m-≈-Ww. * ]≤X- ns- Ne- hv tI{μhpw kwÿm\- hpw 90:10 F∂• ]›n-a-L´ {]tZ-i-ß-fnse kzm`m-hnI `q{]-tZ-i- A\p-]m-X-Øn¬ hln-°Ww. * ]›n-a-L-´-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn-\mbn cq]o-I-cn- ß-fnepw kmwkvIm-cnI `q{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw P\- °p∂ D∂-X-Xe {]h¿Ø\ kan-Xn-bpsS \n¿t±- ߃ hkn°- p∂- p≠- v. AXn\- m¬ ]›na- L- ´- Ø- n¬ i-߃ kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \S-∏n-em-°p-∂Xv \nco- kpÿn-chpw ]cn-ÿnXn kulr-Z-]-c-hp-amb hnI- £n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Bdp kwÿm-\-ß-fpsS k\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv sIm≠p-h-tc-≠-Xv. ]cn- apJy-a-{¥n-am¿ tN¿∂ Hcp D∂-Xm-[n-ImckanXn ÿnXn kulrZ hnI-k\w Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ ]≤- cq]o-I-cn-°mw. Ct∏mƒ \ne-hn-ep≈ \nb-a-߃ Xn-Iƒ°v [\-k-lmbw \¬Im-\p≈ \b-ß-ƒ \S-∏m-°p-∂Xpw Cu kanXn \nco-£n-°Ww. D≠m-°-Ww. AXn-\mbn ]›n-a-L´w Dƒs∏-Sp∂ kwÿm-\-߃ HØp -tN¿∂v tI{μ-Øn¬ \n∂v {Km‚n-\mbn At]-£n-°-Ww. {]mtZ-inI {]IrXn kwc-£W ]¶m-fnØ ]≤XnIƒ°mbpw h\-kw- P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 13

* ]›n-a-L-´hpambn _‘-s∏´ hnhn[ GP≥kn- • ]›n-a-L-´-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Xocp-am-\-߃°p I-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w GtIm-]n-∏n-°m≥ kwÿm- \-ß-fn¬ ]›n-a-L-´ sk¬ ÿm]n-°-Ww. ]n¥pW \¬Ip-hm\pw ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS ta¬t\m´- kwÿm\ k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ°v Bh-iy-amb hnh-c- Øn-\p-ambn ‘]›n-a-L´ tamWn-‰-dnßv sk‚¿’ ßfpw, Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-°m-\m-h-iy-amb kmt¶- cq]o-I-cn-°-Ww. ]›n-a-L-´ hnI-k-\-Øn-\m-h-iy- XnI klm-b-ßfpw Cu sk¬ \¬I-Ww. amb \bc- q]- oI- c- W- Ø- n\pw ]≤X- nI- ƒ Bhnj- v°- cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS \S-Øn∏v \nco-£n-* kzImcy `qan-bnse h\-h¬°-cWw t{]m’m-ln- °p-∂Xn\pw Ah-tem-I\w sNøp-∂-Xn\pw Cu ∏n-°-Ww. h\-{]-tZ-i-ß-fnse hnI-k-\-Øn\v h\- sk‚¿ ap≥ssI FSp-°-Ww. ]›n-a-L´ taJ-e- ]-cn-]m-e\ kwhn-[m-\hpw sa®-s∏´ \b-ßfpw bnse GsX¶nep-samcp kwÿm-\Øv ÿm]n- cq]o-I-cn-°-Ww. °p∂ sk‚-dn\p Bdp kwÿm-\-ß-fnepw {]h¿Ø-\- kzmX{¥yw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.* kpÿnc hnI-k-\-Øn-\mbn ]›n-a-L-´taJ-e- bn¬ ssPh-Irjn t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°pbpw AhnsS • ]cnÿ- nXn h\ a{¥me- b- Ø- ns‚ ta¬t\m´- Ø- n¬ \n∂p≈ ssPh D¬∏∂- ß- ƒ°v Db¿∂ hne e`n- °p-hm≥ Ahsb {]tXyIw {_m‚p-sNbvXv ta¬∏-d™ \n¿t±-i-߃ \-S∏nem°-Ww. BtKmf hn]-Wn-bn-se-Øn-°p-Ibpw thWw. sslseh- ¬ h¿°nßv {Kq∏v \n¿Æb- n®- n´- p≈ ]cn- ÿnXn teme {]tZ-i-߃ F{Xbpw s]s´∂v* hnt\m-Z-k-©mc taJ-e-bpsS kpÿnc hnI-k-\- hn⁄m-]\w sNbvXv ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. Øn\- mbn Xmsg ]db- p∂ Imcyß- f- n¬ {i≤n°- W- w. kwÿm-\-X-e-Øn¬ ]›n-a-L´ kwc-£-W- Øn\p t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂ hIp-t∏-sX∂v AXXp ‹ hnt\m-Z-k-©mc ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS ]cn-ÿnXn kwÿm-\-߃ Xocp-am-\n-°-Ww. ]cn-ÿnXn h\- BLmXw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn Ct∏m-gp≈ a-{¥m-e-bw, Bkq-{XW IΩoj≥, [\-a-{¥m-ebw \nb{- ¥W kwhn[- m\- ß- ƒ Imcy£- a- a- m°- W- w. F∂o ÿm]-\-߃ HØp-tN¿∂v ]›n-a-L´ hnI-k-\-Øn-\mbn {]h¿Øn-°-Ww. 14˛mw [\-Im- ‹ ]cn-ÿnXn teme {]tZißfnse hnt\m-Z-k- cy-I-Ωoj≥ ]›n-a-L-´-Øns‚ kpÿn-c-hn-I-k- ©mc hnI-k\w {]mtZ-inI Iq´m-bva-I-fpsS DS- \-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb [\-k-lmbw kwÿm-\- a-ÿ-X-bn-em-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ \n∂p-≠m-Ip∂ ߃°p \¬I-Ww. am{X-a√, Bkq-{X-W-I-Ωo- sa®-߃ Ah¿°v e`y-am-°p-Ibpw sNøWw. j≥ ]›n-a-L´ hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ i‡-ambn \S-∏n-em-°p-Ibpw thWw. ‹ ]cn-ÿnXn teme {]tZißfnse apJy hnt\m- Z-k-©mc tI{μ-ß-fn¬ ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£W (tUm. kn. B¿. F¬kn sh≈m\- n°- c tlm¿´n°- ƒ \nco-£W kwhn-[m\w sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw ®-d¬ tImtfPv kky-{]-P-\-\ -P-\n-XI imkv{X hnt\mZ-k-©mc ]≤-Xn-IfpsS ]cn-ÿnXn hn`mKw ta[m-hnbpw _u≤nI kzØ-h-Imi sk¬ BLmX ]T\w \S-Øp-Ibpw thWw. tIm˛Hm¿Un-t\-‰-dp-am-Wv. samss_¬ : 9447878968)‘]cn-ÿnXn h\ N´-߃°v A\p-kr-X-ambn ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°v A\p-aXn \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ Ct∏mƒ \ne-hn-ep≈ \nb-{¥W kwhn-[m- \ßfp-tSbpw \nb{¥W ÿm]\-ß-fp- tSbpw {]h¿Ø-\ßfpw ta¬t\m-´hpwi‡n-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww’14 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

tUm. IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ A≤y-£-\mb D∂-X-Xe a´n-ep≈ N¿® NqSv ]nSn-®p. Ah-km\w \mj-W¬ lcnX ss{S_yq-W¬ A¥y-im-k\w \¬In-b-Xn-s\-]›na- L- ´ {]h¿ØI kanX- nb- psS dnt∏m¿´n¬ tIc- Xp-S¿∂v IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ dnt∏m¿´mWv \S-∏n-em-°pIf-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Imcy-߃- A-htemI\w F∂v 2014 BK-Ãn¬ tI{μ k¿°m¿ Adn-bn-®p.sNbvXv \n¿t±-i-߃ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v tIcf tI{μ-Øns‚ IcSv DØ-c-hn≥ta¬ Bdp-kw-ÿm-\-k¿°m¿ kwÿm\ ssPh-ssh-hn≤y t_m¿Uv ß-tfmSpw A`n-{]m-b-a-dn-bn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.sNb¿am≥ tUm. DΩ≥ hn. DΩ≥ I¨ho\- ¿ Bbpw ]t£, an°- kw-ÿm-\-ßfpw kabw \o´n -tNm-Zn-tUm. hn. F≥. cmP-ti-J-c-]n≈, {io. ]n. kn. kndn- ®n-cn-°-bm-Wv.bIv F∂nh¿ AwK-ß-fp-am-bp≈ Hcp aq∂wK kan-Xn°v cq]w \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ tI{μ k¿°mdn\v IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ dnt∏m¿´n-kan-Xn-bpsS ip]m¿i-Iƒ _m[n°p∂ 123 hnt√-Pp- t∑¬ \¬Im-\p≈ Gh¿°pw Xr]vXn-I-c-amb adp-I-fnse P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ, k∂-≤-kw-L-S-\-Iƒ, ]Sn Xøm-dm-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ DΩ≥ hn. DΩ≥s]mXp-P-\-߃ F∂n-h-cn¬ \n∂pw A`n-{]m-b-߃ hnZKv[ IΩn‰n hnPb- n®p F∂p ]db- mw. dnt∏m¿´ns‚Bcm™v Ah IqSn ]cn-K-Wn®v IcSv hn⁄m-]\w tIm∏n tIcf _tbm-ssU-th-gvkn‰n t_m¿Uns‚kw_‘n®v kwÿm\ k¿°m-cn\v tI{μ k¿°m- sh_vssk-‰n¬ e`y-am-Wv. E S A Bbn {]Jym-]n-cns\ Adn-bn-°m-\p≈ A`n-{]m-b-ß-fpw, \n¿t±-i- t°≠ hnt√-Pp-I-fpsS IU-kv{S¬ `q]Sw Xøm-dm-ßfpw cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb hni-Z-dn-t∏m¿´v °m≥ ]©m-b-Øp-Xe kan-Xnsb Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-ØnXøm-dm-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p e£yw. bn-cp-∂p. Ahcpw B tPmen `wKn-bmbn \n¿Δ-ln®p. Xma-k-ÿ-ew, tXm´-߃, Irjn-ÿew F∂nh ]cn- tI{μØ- n¬ ]pXnb k¿°m¿ h∂X- n\- pt- ij- w ÿnXn Zp¿∫-e-{]tZiß-fn¬ \n∂v th¿Xn-cn-®p≈KmUvKn¬ kanXn dnt∏m¿´p IqSn ]cnK- W- n°- W- s- a∂ P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 15

`q]-Sß-fmWv Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Cu `q]-Sßfpw • k¶-c-bn\w ]ip-°ƒ h-f¿Øp-∂-Xn\v \ntcm-[-\-keralabiodiversity.org F∂ sh_vssk-‰n¬ \¬In-bn-´p≠- .v I¿jI- cpw cmj{v Sob {]ÿm\- ß- fpw s]mXpsh ap≠- mh- c- pX- v. {]XnI- qe Imemh- ÿ- sb sNd- p°- m≥DΩ≥ hn. DΩ≥ hnZKv[ kan-Xn-bpsS dnt∏m¿´ns\ sIev]p≈ \mS≥ I∂p-Im-en-bn-\-߃ t{]m’m-kzmKXw sNøp-∂p≠v. ln-∏n-°-Ww. tUm. DΩ≥ hn. DΩ≥ A≤y-£-\mb hnZKv[ • bq°m-en-]v‰-kv, At°-jy, tX°v XpS-ßnb GI-kanXn Xømd- m°- nb dnt∏m¿´nse {][m\ \n¿t±i- ß- ƒXmsg sImSp-°p-∂p. hn-f-°r-jn-Iƒ ]›n-a-L´ {]tZ-i-ß-fnse h\m- Xn¿Øn-bn¬ \ntcm-[n-°-Ww.• C.-F-kv.-F. Bbn IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ IΩn‰n Is≠- • d∫¿, Im∏n, tXbne XpSßnb \mWy-hn-f-Isf Ønb {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw ESZ1, ESZ2 F∂n-h-bmbn KmUvKn¬ IΩn‰n Is≠-Ønb {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw GI-hnf \ntcm-[\w _m[n-°n-s√∂v k¿°m¿ ^o¬UvXe k¿th (^nkn°- ¬ shcn^- nt- °j- ≥) hy‡-am°n DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®v I¿j-I-cpsS \SØn X¬ÿnXn Is≠-ØWw. Cßs\ P\- Bi¶ AI-‰-Ww. hm-k-tI-{μ-ßfpw, Irjn-ÿ-ehpw tXm´-ßfpw h\hpw th¿Xn-cn-°-Ww. Cu {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \ne- • a\p-jy-s\bpw Irjn-sbbpw h\y-Po-hn-Iƒ B{I- hn-ep≈ P\-km-{μX ]cn-tim-[n-°m\pw IΩn‰n ip]m¿i sNøp-∂p. ]›n-a-L´Ønse a‰p {Kma- an-°p-∂Xv XS-bm-\mbn V BIrXn-bn¬ 2 ao‰¿ ß-fn¬ ]e-bn-SØpw kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS≠ h\-`q- Bghpw 4 ao‰¿ hoXn-bp-ap≈ {S©p-Ifpw anbpw, Imhp-I-fpw, ]p¬ta-Sp-Ifpw, sam´°p∂p-I- kutcm¿÷ then-Ifpw Cu {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ D≠m- fpw, ]md-s°-´p-Ifpw D≠v. Ah-sbbpw Is≠Øn °-Ww. h\y-ar-K-ß-fp-≠m-°p∂ Irjn-\m-i-Øn\v ]cn-ÿnXnteme {]tZ-i-ambn kwc-£n-°p-I. P\- Ct∏mƒ \¬Ip∂ [\-k-lmbw ]cym-]vX-amtWm hm-k-tI-{μ-ßfpw, Irjn-ÿ-e-ßfpw, tXm´-ßfpw F∂Xv ]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww. am{Xw E.S.A. bn¬ \n∂pw Hgn-hm-°p-I. • h\m-h-Im-i-\n-b-a-{]-Im-chpw ]mc-º-cy-ambpw ]´n-• ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te°v t\cn´p {]thin°p-∂-Xn\p I-h¿§-°m¿°v ]›n-a-L´ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ e`n-®n- ]Icw tI{μ-K-h¨sa‚ v t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂ ´p-≈Xpw ssIhiw sh-®-\p-`-hn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xp-amb ‘KpUv A{Kn-Iƒ®-d¬ {]mIvSo-kkv' t{]m’m-ln- ]m¿∏n-Sw, Irjn, D]-Po-h\w F∂n-hbv°v Cu ∏n°- pI- . Ime{- It- aW ]q¿Æ ssPhI- rj- nb- nt- e°v dnt∏m¿´v XS- -am-h-cp-Xv. amdm≥ Chsc t{]m’-m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw cmk-Ir- jn-bn¬ \n∂pw ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te-°p≈ ]cn-h¿ • Ub-\m-an‰pw a‰v kvt^mSI hkvXp-°fpw cmk-]- Ø-\- L-´-Øn¬ (10 h¿jw) I¿jI-cpsS kmº- ØnI \jvSw ]q¿Æ-ambpw k¿°m¿ \nI-Øp- Zm¿∞-ßfpw (\©v apX-em-b-h) D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ Ibpw thWw. a’y-_-‘\w ]q¿Æambpw \ntcm-[n-°p-I. A[n- \n-th-i-a-’y߃ kwc-£-nX {]tZiß-fnse• C.-F-^v.-F¬. \nbaw AXns‚ Dt±-i-e-£y-߃ Pemi- b- ß- f- n¬ \nt£]n°- p∂ kmlN- cyw I¿i- \-ambn \nb-{¥n-°p-I. ]t≠ t\Sn-°-gn™ ÿnXn°v C\n-ta¬ C.-F^v.- F¬. \nbaw A\p-k-cn®v BcpsS `qanbpw Gs‰- • hnt\mZ k©mc- k- wcw`- ß- sf ]cnÿ- nXn kulr- Sp-°m≥ Ign-bmØ hn[w \nbaw d±p sNøp-I. ]t£ Cu hnj-bhp-ambn tImSXnbn¬ \S-°p∂ Z-]-c-amb coXn-bn¬ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°pI hgn ]cn- tIkp-I-fn¬ \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v tImSXn Xocp-am-\- ÿnXn k-w-c£Ww Dd-∏m-°m\pw H∏w I¿j-I- sa-Sp-°-s´. cpsS kmºØnI \ne-hmcw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw km[n°pw. kap-{Z-\n-c-∏n¬ \n∂pw 500 ao‰-dn¬• \ne-hn-ep≈ Irjn-I-fn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ hcp-am\w IqSp-X¬ Db-c-ap≈ Ge-tØm-´-ß-fnepw Ipcp-ap- fIv tXm´-ß-fnepw a‰pw hnt\m-Z-k-©m-cn-I-fpsS h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw I¿j-Is‚ kmº-ØnI Xma-k-Øn\pw a‰p-ambn \n¿Ωn-°p∂ sI´n-S-ß- kpc£ Dd∏- m°- p∂- X- n\pwth≠n ]›na- L- ´ {]tZ- fpsS Dbcw 8 ao‰-dn¬ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. i-ß-fn¬ kwtbm-Pn-X-Irjn t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-I. • ]›n-a-L´ {]tZ-iØv am{X-a-√, tIc-f-Øns‚ a‰v {]tZi- ß- f- nepw kzImcy `qanb- ne- p≈ acß- ƒ apdn- °p-∂-Xn\v A\p-hmZw Bh-iy-an√ F∂ Xocp- am\w Kh¨sa‚ v Xe-Øn¬ FSp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. • ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£W {]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øp- ∂-h¿°v B tkh-\-Øns‚ {]Xn-^-e-ambn kwc- £-W -tk-h-\-th-X\w \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. • ]›na- L- ´Ønse Ct∏mƒ J\\w \S°- p∂ {]tZ- i-ß-fn¬ X¬ÿnXn ]cn-tim-[n® tijw h\- ambn kwc-£n-t°≠ {]tZ-i-Øn-\p-≈n-em-sW- ¶n¬ DS-s\ J-\\w Ah-km-\n-∏n-°-Ww. CXn-\p- th≠n \nb-a-{]-Imcw t\m´okv \¬In Izmdn ssek≥kv d±p sN-øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.16 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

• ]›n-a-L´ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ A\p-aXn IqSmsX • ]cn-ÿn-Xn-ku-lrZ hnI-k-\w, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bv°n- {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw Cu {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ h\-Øn¬ W-ßp∂ hn[-Øn-ep≈ Pe-e-`y-X, ]mc-º-tcy-Xc Dƒs∏Sp∂X- pa- mb IzmdnI- ƒ DSs- \ \n¿Øe- m°- m≥ Du¿÷ t{kmX- p-I-fpsS D]-tbm-Kw, hn≥Uv I¿i\ \S-]Sn FSp-°-Ww. ]›n-a-L´Øn¬ h\- an¬, ]cº- c- mK- X ]cnÿ- nXn kulrZ sI´nS- ß- ƒ ambn kwc-£n-°-s∏-Sp∂ {]tZ-i-߃°v ]pdØv XpSßnb-h Dƒs∏-SpØpw hn[hpw, aen-\o-I-c- Izmdn-Iƒ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xv h\m-Xn¿Øn-bn¬ Whpw ]cn-ÿnXn \io-I-c-Whpw ]c-am-h-[n \n∂pw 500 ao‰sd¶nepw AIew ]men-®m-bn-cn-°- Hgnhm-°n-s°m-≠p-am-bn-cn-°Ww Cu {]tZ-i-ß- Ww. Cu {]tZi- ß- f- n¬ \SØ- p∂ J\\ {]h¿Ø- fnse ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ amÿ πm\p-Iƒ Xøm-dm- \-߃°v State Environment Impact Assessment t°-≠-Xv. Authority (SEIAA)bpsS ¢nbd- ≥kv \n¿_‘- a- mbpw hmß-W-sa∂v \njvI¿jn-°-Ww. • sehn C\-Øn¬ e`y-am-Ip∂ XpI Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-• ]e dnk¿thm-b-dp-I-fnepw aW¬ ASn-™p-Iq-Sp- cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn-sebpw kwÿm-\-Øn-s‚bpw ssPh-ssh-hn[y ^≠n¬ \nt£-]n®v _n. Fw. ∂-Xns‚ ^e-ambn Ch-bpsS kw`-c-W-tijn Ipd- kn. (ssP-h-ssh-hn[y ]cn-]m-e\ kan-Xn) bpsS bp-∂p-≠v. AXn-\m¬ CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ hnZ- ta¬t\m-´-Øn¬ ssPh-ssh-hn[y kwc-£W Kv[-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn\pw km‚ v HmUn-‰n-ßn\pw {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v hn\n-tbm-Kn-°-Ww. hnt[-b-ambn Chn-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ aW¬ FSpØv \ymba- mb hnebv°v Bhi- y°- m¿°v e`y- • ]cn-ÿnXn \nb-a-߃, N´-߃, hn⁄m-]-\-߃ am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]Sn Kh¨sa‚ v Xe-Øn¬ D≠m-I-Ww. F∂nh ewLn-°-s∏-Sp∂ F√m \S-]-Sn-Ifpw ]cn- ÿnXn timjW {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw A[n-Im-cn-• ]›n-a-L´ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ A\n-b-{¥n-X-ambpw Isf Adn-bn-°m-\p≈ Npa-Xe ssPh-ssh-hn[y ]cn-]m-e\ kan-Xn-Iƒ°mWv. Cu kan-Xn-Iƒ°v Aim-kv{Xo-b-ambpw Ipg¬°n-W-dp-Iƒ Ipgn- IqSpX- ¬ {]h¿Ø\ kuIc- yß- ƒ \¬In Chsb bv°p∂ kml-Ncyw Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠ \nb- im‡o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv \√-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. {¥-W-ßsf°pdn®v DNn-X-amb Xocp-am-\-߃ k¿°m¿ FSp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. • 1977 P\p-hcn 1 \v aptº `qan-bpsS ssIh-im-h-Im-• ]›n-a-L´taJ-ebn¬ kap-t{Zm-]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ i-ap-≈-h¿°pw Ah-cpsS ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ°pw ]´bw \¬Im-sa∂v \¬In-bn-´p≈ hmKvZm\w DSs\ \n∂pw 500 ao‰-dn\v ta¬ Db-c-ap≈ ÿe-ß-fn¬, \S-∏n-em-°p-I. `qanbpsS D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂pw sI´n-S-ß-fpsS Dbcw 8 ao‰-dmbn ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. • C.Fkv.F. {]tZ-i-Øn\v ]pd-Øp≈ h\-{]-tZ-i-• ]›n-a-L´ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ P\-Po-hn-X-Øn\v Bh- ß-sf-bpw, Imhp-I-sf-bpw, ]p¬ta-Sp-I-sfbpw Is≠Øn kwc-£n-°Ww. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ iy-amb Bip-]-{Xn-Iƒ, hnZym-e-b-߃, tZhm-e- C. Fkv. F. °v 10 In.a- o. _^¿ tkm¨ \n¿Æbn- b-߃, `£y kpc-£bv°pth≠ ]m¬ kwkv°- t°≠ Imcy-a-n√. cW bqWn-‰p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ t{]mP-IvSp-Iƒ {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ \¬In \ntcm- (Xøm-dm-°n-bXv : tUm. kn. tPm¿÷v tXmakv) [-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hgn-hm-°-Ww. a‰v hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ SEIAA ¢nb-d≥kn\v hnt[-b-ambn z am{Xw A\p-h-Zn-°p-I. P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 17

]Ýn-a-L-« kwc-£Ww þ imkv{Xhpw kaq-lhpw ]n. Cμn-cm-tZhnZ£n-tW-¥y≥ kwÿm-\-ß-fpsS ssPh afi-e- 2010 ¬ h\w ]cn-ÿnXn a{¥m-ebw cq]o-I-cn® am[hv KmUvKn¬ IΩn‰n (Western Ghat Ecology ExpertØns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-sa-∂p- Xs∂ Icp-Xm-hp∂ ]›n- Panel) sk≥ IΩn‰n \n¿t±-i-߃ AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm-a-L´ taJ-e-bpsS kwc-£Ww F∂ e£yw h®p- ≠p≈ Hcp {]h¿Ø\ ssien-bmWv Ah-ew-_n-®-sIm≠v s]mXp kaq-l-Øns‚ BZy-{iaw Bcw-`n- Xv. ]›n-a-L´ {]tZ-i-Øns‚ ÿnXn hne-bn-cp-Øp-®Xv 1987 ˛ - 88 Ime-L-´-Øn-em-Wv. “]›n-a-L-´sØ I, ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£W \nbaw 1986- - ˛ ¬ hn`m-c£n°q” F∂ ap{Zmhm-Iy-tØmsS B-cw`n® Cu h\w sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ ]cn-ÿnXnteme {]tZ-i-߃{]ÿm\w {][m-\-ambpw Bh-iy-s∏-´Xv Cu taJ- (ESA) G-sX∂v \n¿Æ-bn-°pI, ]›n-a-L´ ]cn-esb apgp-h-\m-bn-Xs∂ 1986˛se ]cn-ÿnXn kwc- ÿnXn At- Xmd- n‰n cq]oI- c- nt- °≠- X- ns‚ hnhn[ hi-£W \nb-a-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-cnI F∂- ߃ \n¿t±-in-°pI F∂o Npa-X-e-I-fmWv am[hvXm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu kmaqly kΩ¿±-Øns‚ ^e-ambn KmUvKn¬ IΩn-‰n°v D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. 2011 sk]vXw-]›n-a-L´ kwc-£Ww \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-te-°m- _dn¬ Cu dnt∏m¿´v ka¿∏n-°-s∏-´p. Bh-iy-ambbp≈ am¿§t- cJ hnIk- n∏- n°- p∂- X- n\v 2000˛- mam≠n¬ kq£va-X-e-Øn-ep≈ ]T-\-ß-fpsS A`m-h-Øn¬{io. {]Wm_v sk≥ F∂ imkv{X-⁄s‚ t\Xr- hnime- a- mb `q{]t- Ziw H∂mb- nX- s∂ Hcp bqWn‰- mbnXz-Øn¬ Hcp IΩn‰n cq]o-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]›n- ImWp∂ Hcp coXn-bmWv Cu IΩn‰n s]mXp-hn¬a-L-´-Øns‚ Xmc-Xay ]mcn-ÿnXnI {]m[m\yw Ah-ew-_n-®-Xv. AXm-bXv hm¿Uv/]©m-bØv F∂\n›-bn-°p-Ibpw AXn\\pkr-X-amb Hcp kwc- \ne-bn¬ \n∂v Xmeq°v F∂ hnim-e-amb `q{]-tZ-£W\bw Ah-ew-_n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂ i-w H∂mbn ImWp∂ Hcp Ah-ÿ. A{]-Imcw 25e£y{- ]m]- vXnb- psS BZy]- S- nb- mb- nc- p∂p CXv. ssPh- ]cn-ÿnXn teme {]tZ-i-߃ (ESA) Cu IΩn‰nk-º-∂X (A]q¿Δ C\-߃, ssPh-ssh-hn-[yw, \n¿t±-in-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. F∂m¬ Cu kao-]-\-D¬∏Øn tI{μ-߃), ]cn-ÿnXn LS\ (h-\y-Pohn Øns‚ t]mcmbva Xncn-®-dn™v sIm≠v hfsc {][m-\S-∏m-X-Iƒ, khn-tij ]cn-ÿnXn kml-N-cy-߃, \-s∏´ Hcp \n¿t±iw IqSn CtXm-sSm∏w ka¿∏n-°p-hnip≤ h\-߃), `ua ˛ ssPh -k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ I-bp-≠m-bn. IΩn-‰n-bpsS \n¿t±-i-߃ {]mtZinI(IpØ- s- \b- p≈ Ncnh- pI- ƒ, \Znb- psS D¤h- ÿ- m\- w, `mj-bn¬ {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw kPo-h-amb N¿®-P\-hm-k-an-√mØ Zzo]p-Iƒ) F∂o aq∂v ASn-ÿm\ Iƒ°v hnt[-b-am-Ip-Ibpw {Kma-k-`I-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-kz`m-h-ßsf Ah-ew-_n®p sIm≠m-bn-cn-°Ww ∏n°- pIbpw sNbvXps- Im≠- pa- m{- Xta kq£va- X- e- Ø- n-]›n-a-L-´sØ t\m°n-°m-tW-≠Xv F∂v Cu ep≈ hn`-P\w Xocp-am-\n-°mhq F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂pIΩn‰n \n¿t±-in-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]cn-]m-e\ apd-Iƒ AXv. imkv{XØ- ns‚ ]n≥_e- t- ØmsS Bhi- ya- mbBhn-jv°-cn-°m-\p≈ am\-Z-fi-߃ \n¿t±-in-°pI ap∂-dn-hp-I-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cp∂am{X-amWv Cu IΩn‰n sNbvX-Xv. {]tZ-i-ßsf P\m-[n-]Xy Xocp-am-\-ß-fm-bn-cn-°Ww C°m-cy-Øn-Xcw-Xn-cn-°pI F∂ {]{Inb Cu IΩn‰nsNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn-√. ep-≠m-th-≠Xv.18 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

F∂m¬ ]n∂oS- p≠- mb kmaql- nI kΩ¿±ßƒ ESA F∂ ]Zw. 1986 ˛se ]cnÿ- nXn kwc£- W \nb-Dƒs°m≠psIm≠v C°m-cy-Øn¬ imkv{Xo-bhpw a-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ \njv°¿jn-®n-´p≈ ESAkaq-l-ku-lm¿±-]-c-hp-amb Hcp Xocp-am\w D≠m-th- AXmXp {]tZ-isØ P\-Po-hn-X-sØbpw Poh-t\m-≠Xv Bh-iy-ambn h∂p. AXn≥{]Imcw cq]o-I-cn® ]m-[n-I-sfbpw kzØ-h-Im-i-sØbpw ]q¿Æ-ambntUm. IkvXq-cn-cw-K≥ t\XrXzw sImSpØ IΩn‰n AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp-XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp am\-Z-fiamWv taJem sIm≠v kwc-£Ww F∂ Bi-bsØ kzmwio-I-cn-hn`-P-\-Øn-\mbn Ah-ew-_n-®-Xv. h\ hnkvXrXn (dn- °p-∂p.tam´v sk≥knßv am¿§-Øn-eqsS)bpw P\-kwJymkm{μ-Xbpw (2001) ASn-ÿm\ {]am-W-ß-fmbn F∂m¬ Cu c≠p ]Z-ßfpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v 123 hnt√-Pp-Iƒ ]cn-ÿnXn s]mXpsh ]cn-ÿnXn temew F∂p hnh-£n-°pItemesa∂v IΩn‰n \n›-bn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Cu c≠v aqew Ht´sd Bi-¶Ifpw sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Ifpw D≠m-dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw tIc-f-Ønse s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn¬ bn-´p-≠v. AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂, KmUvKn¬ IΩn‰nkmc-amb BLm-X-ap-≠m-°p-Ibpw hfsc k¶o¿Æ- apt∂m-´p-sh® as‰mcp \n¿t±-ihpw CtXm-sSm∏wamb Hcp Ahÿm hntijw DS-se-Sp-°p-Ibpw Iq´n hm-bn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, Bi-¶-bp-W¿Øp-∂p.sNbvXp. ]›n-a-L´ kwc-£Ww Bh-iy-sa∂v s]mXp-`qan kzImcy Bh-iy-߃°mbn \¬Im≥Ghcpw kΩ-Xn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ {]mtbm-KnI Xe- ]mSn-√ F∂ \n¿t±-iw ]›n-a-L´ \nhm-kn-Ifn¬Øn¬ Gsd _p≤na- p´- pI- ƒ A\p`- h- s- ∏S- p∂- p≠- v. Cu Bib- °- pg- ∏- a- p≠- m°- p∂- p≠- v. 1977 P\ph- cn 1 \p apºv]›mØ-e-ØnemWv kwÿm-\-Øns‚ ÿnXn IpSn-tb-dnb I¿j-I¿°v ]´bw \¬Im-\p≈ Xocp-tI{μo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ dnt∏m¿´p ka¿∏n-°m-\mbn am-\sØ CXp {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p-tam F∂tIcf k¿°m¿ Hcp IΩn‰n cq]o-I-cn-®Xv. kwÿm\ Bi¶ kzm`mh- nIw am{Xw. F∂m¬ h\w ]cnÿ- nXnssPh -ssh-hn[y t_m¿Uv sNb¿am≥ tUm. DΩ≥ a{¥m-e-bhpw, kp{]ow tImS-Xnbpw AwKo-I-cn® Cuhn DΩ≥ t\XrXzw \¬Inb Cu IΩn‰n IkvXqcn Xocp-am\w Hcp Xc-Ønepw Cu dnt∏m¿´n-eqsS am‰n-cwK≥ IΩ‰n \n¿t±-i-߃ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv ad- n°- s- ∏S- p∂- n√ Xs∂. C°mc- yØ- n¬ Xocpa- m\w \S-{]h¿Øn-®-Xv. {]tZ-isØ P\-ß-fp-ambn t\cn´v ∏m-°m-\p≈ Ime-Xm-akw aqe-ap≈ `bm-i-¶-IƒkwhZ- n®- ps- Im≠v kmaql- nI AwKoI- mc- t- ØmsS Hcp am{X-amWv C∂p \ne-hn-ep-≈-Xv. ]´b hnX-c-W-imkv{Xob kao-]\w kzoI-cn-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ønse Ahy‡- X- , EFL/ESA sX‰n≤- mc- W- I- ƒ F∂nhCu IΩn-‰n-bpsS e£yw. ]t£ Cu IΩn-‰n-bpsS CS-I-e¿∂v km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ a\- n¬ D≠mb- n-]e\- n¿t±i- ß- fpw ]q¿Æa- mbpw cmj{v Sob ˛ kmaql- nI ´p≈ kz¥w InS-∏m-Shpw D]-Po-h-\-am¿§-ßfpwka-hm-Iy-߃°IØm-bn√. kam-¥-c-ambn kw`- \jvS-s∏-Sptam F∂ i‡amb `oXn XnI®pwhn® cmjv{Sob am‰ß- fpw tImSXn hn[nI- fpw {]iv\w kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. C°m-cy-Øn¬ kphy-ho≠pw k¶o¿Æ-am-°n. Cu {]iv\-Øn¬ kq£v-a- ‡hpw kpXm-cy-hp-amb Hcp hniZ- oI- c- WwX-e-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-´p≈ Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ßfpw (t_m[ k¿°m¿ kwhn[- m\- ß- f- ne- qsS P\-ß-fn-]q¿Δ-ambn kyjvSn-®-hbpw A√m-Ø-h-bpw) sX‰n≤m- se-Øn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. F∂m¬ ]´-b-c-W-Ifpw Gsd-bm-sW-∂Xv {it≤-b-am-Wv. DZm-l-c- Øn\- h- I- mi- a- n√- mØ- , 77 \p tijwW-ambn, ]cn-ÿnXn teme-{]-tZiw F∂ ae-bm-f- Irjns- Nb- Xv ph- c- p∂ `qanb- psS Imcy-]Zw Xs∂ Gsd Bi-b-°p-g∏w D≠m-°p∂ Hcp Øn¬ \nb-a-]-c-amb XS- -߃kml-Ncyw \ne-hn-ep-≠v. 2003 se tIcf h\ \nb-a- kzm`mh- nI- a- mbpw D≠.v Xoct- ZiØn¬ Ecologically Fragile Land (Kerala Forest (vesting ]cn-]m-e\ \nb-a-Øn¬ hn`m-and Management of Ecologically Fragile Land) Act) F∂ h\w sNøp∂ D]-tbmK]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu \nb-a-{]-Imcw EFL Ah-Im-i-߃ (userF∂Xv ]q¿Æambpw s]mXp DS-akvYXbn-ep≈ `qan- rights) \¬Ins°m≠vbmhpI- bpw kwc£- nX- h- \w F∂ \neb- n¬ IW°m C°m-cy-Øn¬ °- s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂- p. EFL F∂ ]ZØ- ns‚ ae- bmf ]cn`- mj ]et- ∏mgpw ]cn-ÿnXn teme- sa∂p Xs∂-bmWv ]cs° Ah-ew-_n-®n- ´p-≈-Xv. CXn¬ \n∂pw \nb-a-]- c-ambpw A¿∞-hym]vXn sIm≠pw XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amWv P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 19

Hcp \bw Ah-ew-_n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. C°m-cy-Øn¬ as‰mcp hym]-I-amb Bi¶ ssPh-Ir-jnsba\p-jyXz]c-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw kw_‘- n®- p≈- X- mW- .v ssPhI- rj- nsb kw_‘- n®- p≈am\y-amb \jvS-]-cn-lmc ]p\-c-[n-hmk kwhn-[m-\- \n¿t±-i-߃ ]›n-a-L-´-Øn\p am{X-a√ Im¿jn-I-߃ Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂X- mWv Ahe- w_- n- cwK- Ø- n\v s]mXph- nepw _m[I- a- mW- .v ]cnÿ- nX- nb- psS°mh- p∂ am¿§w. 2013˛se `qan Gs‰-Sp-°¬ \nb-a- Btcm-Ky-amWv P\-X-bpsS Btcm-Kyw. F∂m¬Øn-s‚- kØ Dƒs°m≠psIm≠v Hcp I¿jI ssPhc- oX- nI- f- nt- e°v NphS- pa- m‰- pt- ºmg- p≈ kmt¶XnIkulm¿±-]-c-amb \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. {]iv\ß- ƒ (ssPh hfß- f- psS A]c- ym]- vXX, Dev]m- Z-\-Øn-ep-≠m-hp∂ Ipd-hv, IoS-˛-tcmK \nb-{¥W as‰m∂v, DSa- mh- I- mi- t- ØmsS Xs∂ ]›na- L- ´ cwKsØ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ, Dev]∂ hne-bn¬ A¥-c-{]tZ-iØv Xma-kn-®p-h-cp-∂-h-cpsS Imcy-am-Wv. an-√mbva apX-em-b-h) I¿j-I\p sh√p-hn-fn-bm-Ip-∂p-IpSn-tb‰ I¿j-I-cpsS c≠mw ˛ aq∂mw Xe-ap-d-Iƒ ≠v. CXv H‰-s∏´ {]iv\-a-√. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, CSp°ns]mXpsh Im¿jnI cwKØp \n∂pw amdn-b-hcpw Pn√-bnse ssPh-co-Xn-bnepw A√m-sX-bp-ap≈ Ipcp-PohnX kuI-cy-߃ IqSp-X-ep≈ ka-X-e-ß-fn- apf- I- p¬∏mZ- \- Ø- ne- p≈ D¬∏mZ- \hyXymkw slIvS-te°pw tIc-f-Øn\p ]pd-tØ°pw t]mIm≥ Xm¬]- dn\v 80 Intem{Kmw BsW∂v Hcp ]T\w km£y-cys- ∏S- p∂- h- c- pa- ms- W∂v Nne ]T\- ߃ kqNn∏- n°- p∂- p. s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. 2010˛11 Ime-b-f-hnse hne-\n-e-hm-c-a-IpSn-tb‰ kwkv°m-c-Øns‚ hn]-coX kq-N-\-Iƒ \pk- c- n®v CXp-aqe- -ap≈ A‰m-Zmb hyXymkw slIvS-F∂v hnh£- n°- mh- p∂ Cu kz`mhw {]IS- a- mb- ns- °m- sdm-∂n\v 22,930 cq]-bm-Wv. ssPh D¬∏-∂-߃°v≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu hn`mKsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S- C∂pw BI¿jW- obamb hne e`n°- p∂- n√- s- b∂- XptØmfw `qan-bpsS hn]Wn hne-bn-ep-≠m-bn-´p-≈ hen-sbmcp {]iv\-am-Wv. kmaq-lnI KpW-߃CSnhv Bi¶- b- pf- h- m°- p∂- p. XI¿∂p sIm≠nc- n°- p∂ IW°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v ssPh-Ir-jn-co-Xn-bpsS`qan-hn-e, Bkq-{Xn-X-amb Zo¿L-Ime em`-e-£y- t{]m’m-l-\-Øn-\mbn ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bhn-jv°-cn-t°-tØmsS Itºmf CSs- ]S- e- pI- ƒ \SØ- p∂ Cu hn`m- ≠-Xp-≠v. CXn¬ {][m\w hcp-am-\-\jvSw Hgn-hm-K-Øns‚ B{K-l-߃°v hnLm-X-am-Ip-∂p. A{]- °pI F∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. hcp-am\ kpc£m ]≤-Imcw `qan hn¬°m≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-hc- n¬ \n∂pw ]›n- Xn-Iƒ C°m-cy-Øn¬ G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Py-as{X.aL- ´ kwc£- Ww e£ya- m°n hn]Wn hnebv°v `qanGs‰S- p°- m\- p≈ ]≤X- nbpw BtemN- n°- mh- p∂- X- mW- v. GI-hn-f-tØm-´-߃ ]›n-a-L´ taJ-e-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-bm-W-t√m. d∫¿, Im∏n, tXbn-e, Gew F∂o hnf-Iƒ {][m-\-ambpw GI-hnftØm-´-߃ Xs∂. GI-hn-f-tØm-´-߃ \ncp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠- Xm-Wv F∂ ip]m¿i h\-hr-£-hn-f-Isf em°m-°n- s°m≠p-≈-XmsW∂p dnt∏m¿´nse kqN-\-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. \ne-hn-ep≈ Im¿jnI hnf-Isf Hcp Xc-Ønepw _m[n-°p-∂-X√ Cu ip]m¿i F∂mWv A\p-am-\n-t°-≠-Xv. ]t£ C°m-cy-Øn¬ hy‡-X hcp-Øn-bn-´n-√. AtX-k-abw Im¿jn-I-cw- KØv F√mb- vt]mgpw _lph- nf- I- rjn k{ºZ- mb- a- mWv t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-s∏tS≠-Xv. I¿jIs‚ \jvS-km- [y-X-Iƒ eLq-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Cu k{º- ZmbamWv G‰hpw A\ptbm-Pyw.20 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

I¿jI- sc _m[n°- p∂ {][m\ {]iv\-ß-sf∂ Hcp ImgvN∏mSv Cu {]tZ-iØv km[y-am-hp-I-bn-√\nebv°v N¿®- sN-ø-s∏-Sp∂ ]e kwK-Xn-Ifpw -X-s∂. ]›n-a-L´ ae-\n-c-I-fpsS {]Ir-Xhpw kz`mhbYm¿∞Ø- n¬ sNdp-InS ]cn-anX I¿j-Isc _m[n- khnt- ij- X- I- fpw IW°- ns- eS- pØ- ps- Im≠- p≈ ]cn-°p-∂-XmtWm F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-XmWv. CXn¬ ÿnXn kulrZ ]cn-]m-e\ coXn-Iƒ am{Xta Cu{][m\w \n¿ΩmW \nb-{¥-W-ß-fm-Wv. k¿°m¿ {]tZ-iØv \S-∏m-°m-\m-hq. Cu hnj-b-Øns‚IW°- pI- ƒ {]Imcw CSp°n Pn√b- nse 80.42 iXa- m\w Kuchw P\k- ma- m\- ysØ t_m[ys- ∏S- pt- Ø≠- X- p≠- v.P\-ßfpw Hcp slIvS-dn¬ Xmsg am{Xw `qan-bp-f-f-h- \nb-a-\n¿ΩmWhpw \b-cq-]o-I-c-Wßfpw kpÿnccm-Wv. tIc-f-Øn¬ CXv icm-icn 94 iX-am-\-a-t{X. hnI-k\ e£y-tØmsSbmhp-tºmƒ Xs∂, AXn\vCSp°n Pn√-bn¬ 2 slISv d- n\v apIf- n¬ `qkzØv D≈- kmaq-lnI ]n¥p-Wbpw -B-h-iy-am-Wv. ]›n-a-L´h¿ tIhew 5.24 iXa- m\w am{X-amWv. CSp°n Pn√- kwc-£Ww s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øns‚ t{ib- n-\m-sW-bnse Ipcpa- pf- Ip I¿jI- c- n¬ aq∂ns- em∂p t]cpw ¶n¬ AXn-\mbn kmº-Øn-I-ambpw Bi-b-]-c-ambpw2˛4 e£w cq] hsc am{Xw Im¿jn-Im-Zm-b-ap-≈-h- ]n¥pW- b- mt- I≠- X- p≠- v. ]›na- L- ´Øns‚ ]mcnÿ- n-cm-Wv. C-Ø-c-°msc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Iq‰≥ XnI aqeyw Xn´-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-sI´nS- ß- t- fm h- ≥ \nt£]w Bhi- ys- ∏S- p∂ \n¿ΩmW \-Øn¬ s]mXp-k-aqlw kmº-ØnI klmbw{]h¿Ø-\-ßtfm \S-Øm≥ km[y-X-bn-√-t√m. AXp- \¬Im≥ Xøm-dm-hp-Ibpw thWw. kwÿm\ hnZyp-sIm≠pXs∂ \n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø\ß-fn-ep≈ —‡n t_m¿Uv, hnt\mZ k©mc taJe F∂n-ß-\nb{- ¥W- ß- ƒ P\k- ma- m\- yØ- ns‚ ssZ\wZ- n\ {]h¿ s\ Cu tkh-\-ß-fpsS {]tXyI D]-t`m-‡m-°fpwØ-\-ßsf _m[n-°p-hm≥ km≤y-X-bn√ Xs∂. s]mXp-k-aqlw ImW-s∏-Sp∂ ]tcm£ D]t- `m‡- m- °fpw CXn\v Xømd- mt- h≠- X- p≠- .v CØ-c-Øn¬ e`n- Im¿jnI tXm´-ß-fp-sS `qan Im¿jn-tI-Xc °p∂ XpI ]cnÿ- nXn kulrZ coXnI- f- ne- qsS ]›n-Bh-iy-߃°mbn ({][m-\-ambpw hnt\m-Zk-©mc a-L´ kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbpw AXn-\mbn {]h¿Øn-taJ-e-bv°mbn) hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°p hnt[-b-ambn, ]cn- °p-∂-h¿°p t{]m’m-l-\-k-Ωm-\-ambpw hn\n-tbm-h¿Ø\w sNøp-hm-\p≈ \nb-a-ku-Icyw Hcp-°n-bn- Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. hnb‰v-\mw, tImÃmd- n°- XpSßn´p≈ kml-N-cyØn¬ Cu cwKØp\n∂p≈ \n¿Ωm- At\Iw cmPy-߃ \-S∏nem°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂Wmh- i- yß- fpw ]›mØ- e kuIc- yh- nI- k- \ kΩ¿±- CØ-c-samcp kwhn-[m\w \ap°pw Ahe- w_- n°- mh- p-ßfpw A[n-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. sN-dp-InS ∂-Xm-Wv. {]IrXn hn`hkº-Øns‚ kwc-£Ww]cna- nX I¿jI- sc°- mt- fsd, a‰p taJe- I- f- n¬ \n∂p≈ kpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-{]m-]vXn-°m-bp≈ BZyhnI-k\ kΩ¿±-ß-f-t{X ]›n-a-L´ `qhn-\n-tbmK Nhn´- p]- S- nb- mW- .v {]IrXn aqe[- \- Øn\p _Ze- mbn [\coXn-I-fn-ep≈ am‰-߃°v Gsd Imc-W-am-hp-∂Xv. aqe-[-\hpw a\pjy aqe-[-\hpw hnI-kn-∏n-®psIm≠v]›n-a-L´ taJ-e-bn¬ CØcw am‰-߃ A`n- -hnI-k\ e£y-߃ ssIh-cn-°m-\m-Iptam F∂pwe-j-Wo-btam F∂Xv imkv{X kqN-\-I-fpsS shfn- AXns‚ {]XymLmX-߃ F¥m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw®-Øn¬ Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. Gsd ]T\- ß- ƒ \SØ- nb- n´- p≠- .v {]IrXn aqe[- \Øns‚ kwc£- Ww hnIk- \ am\Z- fi- ß- f- psS Ahn-`m-Py-L- Z£nt- W¥- y≥ kwÿm\- ß- f- nse P\P- oh- nXw S-I-ambn IW-°m-°-s∏´p XpSß- nb- Xpw Cu ]›m-]›na- L- ´ ae\- nc- If- psS kwc£- W- Ø- ne- qsS am{Xta Ø-e-Øn-em-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]›n-a-L´km[y-am-hq. Cu kp{]-[m\ kXyw IW-°n-se-Sp- kw-c-£Ww amdp∂ hnI-k\ kqNn-I-I-fnse kp{]-Øps- Im≠p am{Xta Cu taJe- b- nse CSs- ]S- e- pI- ƒ [m\ kqNn-I-bm-hp-∂p.Bkq-{XWw sNøm-\m-hq. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂,]c-º-cm-K-X -hn-I-k\ k¶¬∏-ß- ƒ°-\p-kr-X-amb (tUm. ]n. Cμn-cm-tZhn sh≈m-\n-°c tlm¿´n-°ƒ®- d¬ tImtf-Pv A{Kn-°ƒ®-d¬ C°-tWm-anIvkv hn`mKw s{]m^-k-dpw, kn.-C.C.C. bpsS Ub-d-IvSdp- amW.v samss_¬ : 9447416875) z P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 21

]›n-a-L´ kwc-£-Whpw Irjnbpw At`-Zy-ambn tebpw ip]m¿i-Iƒ I¿j-I-tcbpw Im¿jnI taJ- e-tbbpw t\cn´pw ]tcm-£-ambpw Fßs\ kzm[o-_‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ bmsXmcp \n°pw F∂- Imcyw imk{v Xob I≠p]- nS- pØ- ß- f- psSX¿°h- pa- n√- . tIcf- Ø- nse ]›na- L- ´ {]tZi- ß- f- n¬ shfn-®-Øn¬ N¿®-sN-øp∂Xn\pw \n¿t±-i-߃\s√mcp `mKhpw kpK-‘-hy-RvP-\-ßfpw tXm´-hn- _‘-s∏-´-h-cpsS ]cn-K-W\bv°mbn ka¿∏n-°p-∂-f-Ifpw Irjn sNøp∂ taJ-e-I-fm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p- Xn-\p-ambn hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fnse hnZ-Kv[-cmbX-s∂-bmWv ]›n-a-L´ kwc-£-Whpambn _‘- imkv{X-⁄sc ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v Hcp inev]-imes∏´p ka¿∏n® KmUvKn¬ dnt∏m¿´nepw XpS¿ 2013 Unkw-_¿ 21 ˛mw XobXn sh≈m-\n-°-c-bn¬dnt∏m¿´p-I-fn-ep-sam-s°- Im¿jnI taJ-e-bp-ambn sh®v kwLS- n∏- n®- Xv. Im¿jnI taJe- b- pa- mbn _‘-_‘-s∏´ \nc-h[n ip]m¿i-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn- s∏´v Cu in¬]-im-e-bn¬ \n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn-®p- h∂°p-∂-Xv. hkvXp-X-Iƒ Cß-s\-bm-bn-cn-s°- Xs∂ ip]m¿i-Iƒ ChnsS t{ImUo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.tIc-f-Ønse imkv{Xob Irjnbv°v Bh-iy-ambkmt¶-XnI hnZyIƒ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°m\pw C°m- 1. ssPh-Irjn \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn\p apt∂m-Sn-bmbncy-Øn¬ I¿j-Isc {]_p-≤-cm-°p-hm\pw Npa-X-e- tIc-f-Ønse tXm´-hn-f-I-fpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ hnf-I-s∏´ apJy-ÿm-]-\-amb tIcf Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I- fpsS ssPh-Ir-jn-bv°p≈ imkv{Xob apd-I-fpsSem-im-esbtbm Irjn taJ-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´p Hcp ]mt°Pv hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.{]h¿Øn°p∂ a‰p Kth-jW ÿm]-\-ß-sftbm Ct∏mƒ \ne-hn-ep-≈Xv Xmev°m-enI ip]m¿i-hIp-∏p-I-sf-tbm -dn-t∏m¿´p Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xp-amb I-fm-Wv. Gew t]mse-bp≈ hnf-I-fn¬ IoS-\n-b-_‘-s∏´ N¿®-Iƒ°p £Wn-°p-Itbm Ah-bpsS {¥-W-Øn\v ssPhnI am¿§-߃ Imcy-£aimkv{Xob I≠p]- nS- pØ- ß- tfm ip]m¿iI- tfm Kuc- amtWm F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ I¿j-I¿ kwi-bm-ep-h-amb coXn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm D≠m-bn-´n-√. °-fm-Wv. Gew, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, C©n, hmg XpS-ßnbcmk-hf ˛ IoS-\m-in\n D]-tbm-Kw, Ncnhp {]tZ-i- hnf-I-fn-sem-s°-Xs∂ cmk-Io-S-tcm-K-\n-b-{¥Wß-fn¬ Irjn-sN-øm-hp∂ hnf-Iƒ, aÆp kwc-£W am¿§-߃°p _Z-em-bp≈ Imcy-£-a-amb{]h¿Ø-\-߃ apX-em-b-h-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ssPhnI am¿§-߃ C\nbpw Is≠-tØ-≠-Xm-dnt∏m¿´p-I-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ ip]m¿i-Iƒ bn-´p-≠v. KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ ssPh-h-f-ß-fpsSDZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. Cusbmcp kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv e`y-Xbpw kºq¿Æ ssPh Irjn-bn-te°v amdp-tIcf Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-ime ap≥ssI FSpØv ∂-Xn\p apt∂m-Sn-bmbn Dd-∏m-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.KmUvKn¬ dnt∏m¿´nt- ebpw IkvXqc- nc- wK- ≥ dnt∏m¿´n-22 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

Xnc-s™-Sp-t°-≠Xv, temI `£y- Im¿jnI kw-L-S\ (FAO) DjvW-ta-J-em-{]-tZ-i-߃°v \n¿t±-in-®n-´p≈ em‚ v tI∏-_n- en‰n ¢mkn-^n-t°-j≥ ASn-ÿm- \-am-°n-thWw. 11. ]›n-a-L´ taJ-e-bnse kzm`m- hnI Pet{kmX- p-Ifpw, \oscm gp-°p-Ifpw, ssPh-ssh-hn≤y kº-∂-amb CS-ßfpw, Imhp- Ifpw P\-hm-k-Øn-eq-sStbm a‰p hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eq- sStbm \in-∏n°-s∏-SmsX kwc- £n-°-s∏-SWw.2. kwtbm-PnX hf-{]tbmKhpw, kwtbm-PnX IoS- 12. Bhi- ya- mb imkv{Xob- - ]T\Øn\- pt- ijw F√m tcm-K-\n-b-{¥-Whpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ \√ tkmWp-I-fn-epw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-teme {]tZ-i-ß-fn- Irjn coXn k{º-Zmbw (Good Agricultural Prac- ep≈ H∂pw c≠pw L´ \oscmg- p°- pI- f- n¬ sN°v Umap-Iƒ t]mse-bp≈ eLp-P-e-kw-`-cW am¿§- tices) -\S-∏n-em-°p-∂-XmWv Ct∏m-gsØ kml-N- ߃ Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-aXn \¬I-Ww. cy-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ A`n-Im-ayw. 13. ]cn-ÿnXn teme/Zp¿∫e {]tZ-i-ß-fnse aÆv Pe kwc-£-W-Øn-\p≈ ip]m¿i-Iƒ ssPhnI3. ssPh-Ir-jn-bpsS hnP-b-km-[y-X-I-fpw, kmº- (kk- yß- ƒ h®p ]nSn∏- n®- p≈) ˛ bm{¥nI coXnI- ƒ ØnI£a-Xbpw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Xc-Øn- kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®p-≈h Bbn-cn-°-Ww. ep≈ ssPh-Irjn {]Z¿i-\-tXm-´-߃ ]›na L´ taJ-e-bnse hnhn[ ÿe-ß-fn¬ ÿm]n- 14. ]›n-a-L´ {]tZ-iØv Irjn-sN-øp-∂-Xn\v DjvW- °-Ww. ta-J-em B¿{Z -{]-tZ-i-߃°v (Humid Tropics) (\n¿t±-in-®n-´p≈ em‚ v tI∏-_n-en‰n ¢mkn-^n-4. ssPh-Ir-jn-bv°p-th≠n Hmtcm {]tZ-i-Øn-\pw t°j≥ A\pk- c- n®)v asÆme- n∏v XSb- p∂- X- n\- p≈ tbmPn® kmt¶X- nI hnZyI- ƒ hnIk- n∏- ns- ®S- p°- m- bm{¥nI F≥Pn-\o-b-dnßv am¿§-߃, DZm-l-c- \mbn ]T-\-߃ DS≥ Bcw-`n-°-Ww. W-Øn\v X´p-Xn-cn-°¬ Ah-ew-_n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.5. ssPh-Ir-jn-/\√-Ir-jn-coXn k{º-Zmbw (Good 15. Icn-¶√v J\\w \nb-{¥n-®p-sIm≠p Xs∂, {]mtZ- Agricultural Practices) \S∏- ne- m°- p∂- Xn\mbn k¿Δ- inIambn e`y-am-bn-´p≈ I-√p-Iƒ (Rubbles) I-em-ime Hcp k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥ t_mUn cq]o-I- sIm≠v Iøme- Iƒ \n¿Ωn°- p∂- Xv A\ph- Z- n°- Ww. cn-°-Ww. 16. bq°me- n]- v‰k- v, At°j- nb XpSßn io{Lh- f- ¿®-6. KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ ssPh-Irjn Dev]m-Z-t\m-]m- bp≈ Cd-°p-aXn hr£-߃ GI-hn-f-bmbn hf¿ [nI- f- psS e`yX kab- mk- abßfn¬ Bhi- ya- mb Øp-∂Xv \n¿Ø-Ww. Af-hn¬ I¿j-I¿°v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. 17. temI `£y Im¿jnI kwLS- \ \n¿t±i- n®- n´- p≈7. ssPh-Ir-jnbnte-°p≈ ]cn-Wma ka-bØv DjvW-ta-J-em-h\-ßfpsS em‚ v tI∏-_n-en‰n D≠m-Im-\n-S-bp≈ Dev]m-Z\ \jvSw IW-°n-se- SpØv I¿j-I¿°v \jvS-]-cn-lmcw \¬I-Ww.8. imkv{Xob ]T-\-߃ \S-Øn-b- tijw am{Xta ]pXnb CS-hn-f- Iƒ ip]m¿i sNøm≥ ]mSp≈- q.9. Gew, Ipcpa- pf- I- ,v Im∏n, tXbne- , d∫¿ XpS-ßnb hnf-I-fpsS \ne- hn¬ Irjn sNøp∂ C\-ß- sf√mw Xs∂ {]mtZ-inI C\-ß- fn¬ \n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn-s®-Sp-Øn-´p- ≈-h-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ah AXmXp {]tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v A\p-tbm-Py-am-b-h-bm-Wv. {]mtZ- inI C\ß- ƒ am{Xw Irjn-sN-ø- W-sa∂v \njvI¿jn-°p-∂Xv {]mtbm-Kn-I-a-√.10. ]›n-a-L´ taJ-e-bnse aes© cnh- pI- f- n¬ Irjns- Nt- ø≠ hnfI- ƒ P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 23

¢mkn-^n-t°j≥ A\p-k-cn®v thWw h\-h-Xv°-cWw \S-tØ-≠-Xv.18. dnk¿ΔvUv h\-ta-J-e-I-sfm-gn-®p≈ CS- ß-fn¬ _lp\ne Im¿jnI h\-h-Xv°- cWw kzoI-cn-°-Ww.19. BtKmf Xm]-\-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip∂ Im¿_¨Utbm-Ivssk-Uns\ A¥-co- £-Øn¬ \n∂v \o°w sNøp-∂-Xn¬ ]›naL´ {]tZ-i-߃ {][m\ ]¶p hln-°p-∂p. Im¿_¨ t{SUnßv kwhn[m\Øn-eqsS CXns‚ KpW-߃ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-b-Ww.20. ]›n-a-L-´-ta-J-e-bn¬ ]¶m-fnØ h\]cn-]m-e\ 29. hoSp-Ifpw A\p-_‘ \n¿Ωm-W-ßfpw {Ko≥ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw aXn-bmb _n¬UnwKv k{º-Zmbw ]n¥p-S-c-Ww. t{]m’m-l-\-߃ \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw. 30. arKß- f- n¬ tlm¿tamW- pI- f- ps- Sbpw, B‚n_- t- bm-21. ]›n-a-L-´Ønse h\-h-Xv°-cW {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ´n-°p-I-fp-tSbpw AanX D]-tbmKw Ipd-°p-∂-Xn- \√ hr£]cn-]m-e\ apd-Iƒ ]n¥p-S-c-Ww. \mbn arK-Nn-In-’-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ \m´-dn- hpIƒ imkv{Xo-b-ambn ÿnco-I-cn®v Ah-bpsS22. Cu taJ-e-bn¬, Ad-hp-im-eIfpw, amwkw, ]m¬, D]-tbmKw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-Ww. ]mep¬∏-∂-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS kwkv°-cW ime-Ifpw “sdUv Im‰-K-dn-bn¬” Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bXv 31. EFA / ESA XpS-ßnb Cw•ojv ]Z-{]-tbm-K-߃°v Bi-¶m-P-\-I-am-Wv. imkv{Xob ]T-\-ß-fpsS ]I-c-ambn Htc aebmf ]Z-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p- ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Chbv°v A\p-aXn \¬I-Ww. ∂Xv F∂-Xn-\m-ep-≠m-Ip∂ kwi-b-߃ Zqco-I- cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Ch IrXy-ambn hniZo-I-cn®v23. {]mtZi- nI C\Ø- nepw, k¶c- C- \- Ø- nepw s]Sp∂ s]mXp-P-\-ßsf t_m[y-s∏-S-pØ-Ww. arK-ßsf hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v I¿j-I¿°v Ah-cpsS CjvSm-\p-k-cWw Ign-b-Ww. 32. Bip]- {- XnI- ƒ A\ph- Z- n°- p∂- X- pa- mbn _‘s- ∏´v s]mXp-P-\-߃°n-S-bn-ep≈ Bi-¶-Iƒ Zqco-I-24. arK-ß-fpsS {]mtZ-inI C\-ßsf AXmXv {]tZ- cn-°-Ww. s]mXp-P-\m-tcm-Ky-tI-{μ-߃ A\p-h-Zn- i-ß-fn¬ Xs∂ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v t{]m’m- °p-∂-Xn-\p-XIpwhn[w hyh-km-b-ß-fpsS hen- l\w \¬I-Ww. ∏hpw tijnbpw IrXy-ambn \n›-bn-°Ww.25. ]mgv`qa- nI- f- n¬ A\pt- bmP- ya- mb ]p√pI- fpw hr£- 33. ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£W {]¿Ø-\-߃ \S-∏n-em- ßfpw h®v ]nSn-∏n®v ]p\-cp-≤-cn-°-Ww. °p∂ I¿j-I¿°v t{]m’m-l-\-ambn tI{μ K-h¨sa‚ v ^≠n¬ \n∂p≈ \jvS-]-cn-lmc26. Xcni- p\- ne- ß- fpw D]t- bmK- n°- msX InS°- p∂ `qan- XpI A\p-h-Zn®v \¬I-Ww. Ifpw Xo‰∏p¬Ir-jn-°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww. (hnh- ¿Ø\w : tUm. kav nX t__n & tUm. tPmkv amXyp,27. Xo‰∏- p√- pe- v]mZ- \w {]mtZi- nI kaql- ß- ƒ°v em`- hn⁄m\ hym]\ hn-`m-Kw, aÆpØn) I-c-am-°-Ø-°-hn-[-Øn¬ t^mU¿ _m¶v kwhn- [m\w \S-∏n-em-°-Ww.28. sNdp-InS Irjn-bn-S-ß-fn¬ sh¿´n-°¬ ^manwKv Dƒs∏sS-bp≈ kwtbm-PnX Irjn k{º-Zm-b- ߃ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-Ww.24 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

hn. Fkv. tZh-ZmkvIm¿jn-tIm-¬∏m-Z\w Db¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ AXyp¬ apf-Iv, ]S-h-ew, C©n, AtimIw F∂n-h-bn¬ Hmtcm∂p hoX-hpw, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, X°m-fn, Imen-Øo-∏m-Z-\-ti-jn-bp≈ hnØn-\-ß-fpsS ]¶v \n¿Æm-b- ‰-bv°p≈ ]b¿ F∂n-h-bn¬ Cuc≠v hoXhpw C\-I-am-Wv. Cu hkvXpX IW-°n-se-SpØv tIcf ߃ CXn-epƒs∏-Sp-∂p. Cu C\-ß-fpsS khn-ti-Im¿jnI k¿ΔI- e- mi- me- ]pXnb hnØn\- ß- ƒ hnI- j-XIsf∏‰n-bmWv Cu teJ-\w.kn∏- ns- ®S- p°- p∂- X- n¬ {]tXyI {i≤ ]pe¿Øp∂- p≠- .vk¿Δ-I-em-ime Ct∂mfw 271 hnØn-\-߃ tIcf 1. s\√,v “Gtgmw˛3”: IÆq¿ Pn√b- nse ssI∏mSvØn¬ Irjn-sN-øm-\mbn hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØn´p-≠v.Ahb- psS hnØpw \So¬ hkXv p°- fpw I¿jI- ¿°mbn {]tZ-isØ D∏psh≈w Ib-dp∂ ]mS-ti-J-c-ß-fn-hnX-cWw sNbvXph-cp-∂p. te°v tbmPn® CSØ- cw aq∏p≈ C\a- mW- nX- .v ‘ajqdn’ F∂ C\hpw ‘IpXncp’ F∂ ssI∏mSv {]tZ-isØ amdnb Im¿jnI kml-N-cy-߃ IW-°n-se- \mS≥ C\hpw XΩne- p≈ k¶c ]cº- c- I- f- n¬ \n∂pwSpØv D¬∏m-Z-\-£-a-X-tbm-sSm∏w IoS-˛tcmK{]Xntcm[-ti-jn, h-cƒ®-tbbpw sh≈-s°-´n-t\bpwsNdp-°m-\p≈ tijn, KpW-ta-∑, hn]-Wn-{]n-bw,kwkv°-c-W-Øn-\p≈ A\p-tbm-PyX F∂n-ßs\hyXykvX khn-ti-j-X-I-fp≈ C\-߃ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ k¿Δ-I-em-ime C∂v {i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. XpS¿®-bmbn Cu taJ-e-bn¬ \S-Øn-h∂ Kth-j-W-ß-fpsS ^e-ambn hnhn-[- hnfI-fn¬ G‰hpw ]pXnb 12 hnØn-\-߃ hnIk- n∏- ns®- -Sp-°p-hm≥ k¿Δ-I-em-im-ebv°p Ign-™p. Chkwÿm-\-X-e-Øn¬ Irjn-°mbn ]pd-Øn-d-°p-hm≥HutZym-KnI A\p-a-Xnbpw e`n-®p. 2013 Pqsse 15 \pXncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØp tN¿∂ kwÿm-\-Xe kan-Xn-bmWv CXn\v AwKo-Imcw \¬In-b-Xv. s\√v, sXßv, P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 25

DcpØ- nc- ns- ®S- pØ- X- mWv Gtgmw˛3. slISv d- n\v icmi- cn4.3 S¨ s\√v hnf-sh-Sp-°mw. Gtgmw˛1, 2 C\-ß-tf-°mƒ bYm-{Iaw 22, 34 iX-am\w A[n-Ihpw, IpXncphnt\-°mƒ 116 iX-am\w A[n-Ihpw hnfhv- e-`n°pw;120-˛125 ZnhksØ aq∏p-≠v. \√ I´n-bp≈ X≠m-b-Xn-\m¬ Nm™ph- og- n√- . 113 sk. ao. Dbcw hcp∂ sNSn-If- mW- .v IXn-cn¬ \n∂pw s\¬a-Wn-Iƒ DXn¿∂phogn√. CS-Øcw hen-∏-ap≈ CXns‚ Acn-a-Wn°v\√ Nph-∏p-\n-d-am-Wp-≈-Xv. t£{X-ß-fnse \nth-Zy-Øn\pw tbmPn®- X- mW- v. ]S∂- °- mSv Im¿jnI tImtf-Pnse tUm. Sn. h\-Pbpw kwL-hp-amWv Gtgmw ˛ 3hnI-kn∏ns®-Sp-Ø-Xv.2. sXß,v “tIca- [- pc” : Icn°- mbpw, sIm{]b- mbpwD]-tbm-K-n°p-∂-Xn\v tbmPn® AXyp¬∏m-Z-\-ti-jn-bp-≈- C\amWv ‘tIc-a-[p-c’. CS-Øcw hen-∏-ap≈tXßbmWv CXns‚ {]tXyI- X- . Hcp sXßn¬ \n∂pw{]Xnh- ¿jw icmi- cn 119 tXß e`n°- pw (slI- vSd- n¬\n∂v 4.09 S¨ sIm{]). ssXIƒ icm-icn 70 amk-saØ- pt- ºmƒ sNm´b- nSpw. Hcp sXßn¬ sIm√Ø- n¬icm-icn 15 sNm´-Iƒ hncn-bpw. Icn-°n¬ icm-icn287 an√n en‰¿ sh≈-ap-≠m-Ipw. \√ ]®-\n-d-ap≈ Sn-∏n®p hf¿∂pIn´p-sa-∂-XmWv as‰mcp {]tXy-I-X. tUm. hn. ]n. \oa-bpw kwL-hp-amWv CXv hnI-kn- ∏n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv. 4. Ipcpa- pf- I- v, “hnPbv” : ]∂nb- q¿ 2, \oea- p≠- n F∂o C\-ßfpsS k¶-c-amWv hnP-bv. sh≈m-\n-°c tlm¿´n-°ƒ®¿ tImtf-Pnse tUm. hn. Fkv. kpPm- X-bpsS t\Xr-XzØn-emWv Cu C\w hnI-kn-∏n-s®- Sp-Ø-Xv. \√ Icp-tØmsS hf-cp∂ sNSn-I-fm-Wv. HcpAfim-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-≈-XmWv tXß. F√m h¿jhpw sNSn-bn¬ \n∂pw {]Xn-h¿jw icm-icn 6.04 Intemÿnca- mbn \√ hnfhp Xcp∂ Cu C\Ø- n¬ \n∂pw, {Kmw ]®-°p-cp-ap-fIv e`n-°pw. Xncn-bpsS \ofw 13.4sXsßm-∂n\v 182 tXß -hsc hnfhv e`n-®n-´p-≠v. sk.-ao. hcpw; 39.8 iX-am\w DW°v In´pw.]oen-t°mSv {]mtZ-inI Im¿jnI Kth-jW tI{μ-Ønse tUm. kpZ¿i-\-dm-hphpw kwL-hp-amWv Cu 5. ]Sh- ew, “lcnX- {io” : Sn. F. 19 F∂ ]S-he-C\-Øn\p ]n∂n¬. Øn¬ \n∂pw -DcpØncn-s®-SpØ AXyp¬∏m-Z\3. Ipcpa- pf- I,v “]∂nb- q¿ ˛ 8” : IÆq¿ Pn√b- nse tijn-bp≈ C\-amWv lcn-X-{io. sh≈m-\n-°c tlm¿´n-°ƒ®¿ tImtf-Pnse ]®-°dnhnf -hn-`m-K-]∂n-bq¿ Ipcp-ap-fIv Kth-jW tI{μ-Øn¬ \n∂pw Ønse tUm. sI.- ]n.- {]-k-∂-bp-sSbpw kl-{]-h¿]pdØ- ndß- p∂- 8˛masØ k¶c- b- n\- a- mW- v.- ]∂nbq¿6˛Dw ]∂nbq¿ 5˛Dw XΩne- p≈ k¶c- a- mW- nX- v. X≠p-No-b¬, hcƒ® Chsb sNdp-°m-\p≈ Ign-hmWvCu C\Ø- ns‚ FSpØ- p]- d- b- mh- p∂ {]tXyI- X- . HcpsNSn-bn¬ \n∂pw {]Xn-h¿jw icm-icn 4.608 Intem{Kmw ]®°- pc- pa- pf- Iv e`n°- pw. aWnI- ƒ°v 37 iXa- m\wDW°v D≠mIpw. Xnc- nI- ƒ°v icmi- cn 9 sk.a- o. \ofa- p-≠mI- pw. a‰n\- ß- sf At]£- n®v Irjnÿ- e- Øp \´pIgn-™m¬ A[nIw tISn-√msX sNSnIƒ thcp-]n-26 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

Ø-I-cp-sSbpw ]cn-{i-a-^-e-am-bmWv CXv hnI-kn-∏n- Xq°a- p≈ ]c∂- p-cp≠ ImbvI-fmWv as‰mcp {]tXy-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv. ]®bpw sh≈bpw CS-hn´v hc-I-fp≈ I-X. sNSn-Iƒ \´v 30 Znhkw sIm≠v ]pjv]n°- p-60˛70 sk.a- o. \ofa- p≈ CXns‚ Imbv°v 650˛750 {Kmw Ibpw, 66 Znhkw sIm≠v BZyh- nf- s- hS- ps- ∏S- p°- pI- -Xq°w hcpw. hnØp- ]mIn 60 Znh-k-saØp-tºmƒ bpa- mI- mw. Hcp sNSn-bn¬ \n∂pw aq∂c In. {Kmw hnf-BZy hn-f-sh-Sp∏v \S-Øm-\m-Ipw. Hcp sNSn-bn¬ hp-In-´pw. t]mfn lukn¬ slIvS-dn\v 40 SÆpw,\n∂pw icm-icn 6.75 In.{Kmw (11 FÆw) ImbvI-fpw, Xpd∂ ÿe-ß-fn¬ 32 SÆpw hnf-hp- In-´pw. sNSn-slIvS-dn¬ \n∂v 60 SÆpw hnf-hp- e-`n-°pw. tIc-f- Iƒ Db-c-Øn¬ hf-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Xmßv sImSp-Ønse hS-°≥ Pn√-I-fn-te°v tbmPn® C\-am-Wv. t°≠n hcpw. sh≈m\- n°- c tlm¿´n°- ƒ®¿ tImtf- Pv, ]®-°dn hn`m-K-Ønse tUm. ]n. Cμnc- bpw kwL- hpa- mWv CXns‚ D]⁄- mX- m°- ƒ.6. apfI,v “sh≈mb- Wn tXPkv”: sh≈mb- Wn 8. X°mfn, “a\p-e£van” : aÆpØn Im¿jnIIm¿jnI tImtf-Pnse tUm. {ioe-Xbpw kwLhpw Kth-j-W-tI-{μ-Øn¬ tUm. kn. \mcm-b-W≥Ip-´n-hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ Cu C\w Im]vkn°wssNs\≥kn F∂ imkv{X \ma-ap≈ \√ Fcn-hp- bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ 1996 apX¬ \S-Ønb Kth-j-Iq-Snb amen-ap-f-Ins‚ (s\bv apf-Iv) hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-Sp∂- p. AXyp¬∏mZ- \- t- ij- nbpw, XWe- n¬ hfc- m\- p≈ W-ß-fpsS ^e-ambn hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ CS-ØcwIgnhpw tcmK˛Io-S-_m-[-IfpsS Ipdhpw Cu C\- Ip‰n® Hcp X°m-fn-bn-\-amWv ‘a\p-e-£van’. _mIvSo-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-I-fm-Wv. \√ ]®-\n-d-ap≈ XSn-®p cn-b¬ hm´sØ sNdp-°p∂ CXns‚ sNSn-IƒI- q¿Ø apfI- n\v icmi- cn 5.37 sk.a- o. \ofhpw 8.0 {KmwXq°hpw hcpw. ]gp-°p-tºm-ƒ apf-In\v \√ Nph∏- p- slIvS-dn\v 25 S¨ hnf-hp-X-cp-∂p. icm-icn 55 {Kmw\nd- a- mb- nc- n°- pw. Hcp sNSnb- n¬\n∂pw icmi- cn 1310 {Kmwhnf-hp-In-´pw. sNSn-Iƒ°v GXm≠v Hcp ao‰¿ Db-c- Xq°-ap≈, \√ Nph-∏p-\n-d-ap≈, AfimIr-Xn-bp≈ap-≠m-Ipw. 50 Znh-k-sa-Øp-tºmƒ ]pjv]n-°pw. 80Znhk- Ø- n¬ BZy hnfshSp∏p \SØ- mw. apfIn¬ BI¿j-I-amb ImbvIfmWv Cu C\-Øn-t‚Xv.Fcnhv {]Zm\w sNøp∂ Im]vssk-kn≥, Hfn-tbmsd- 9. C©n, “AizXn” : ]®b- n©- n°- mbn ip]m¿ikn≥ F∂o LS-I-߃ bYm-{Iaw 1.06 iXa- m\- hpw24 iXa- m\- hpw hoXw ASß- nb- nc- n°- p∂- p. sNø-s∏´ dtbm-Un-P-\otdm F∂ C\-Øn¬ Snjyq- Iƒ®¿ kmt¶X- nI hnZyb- ne- qsS hyXnb- m\- ß- ƒ hcp-7. X°m-fn, “A£b” : tIc-f-Øn¬ {]Nmcw Øn-sb-SpØ sNSnI-fn¬\n∂pw sXc-s™-SpØ Hcn- \-am-Wn-Xv. dtbmUnP-\o-tdmsb-°mƒ sNSn-Iƒ°ve`n-®p-h-cp∂ sdbn≥ sj¬´-dn-\p-≈n¬ (a-g-bn¬ s]m°-°p-d-hpw, IqSp-X¬ IW-I-fpw, ]®-\n-d-ap≈\n∂pw sNSnI- sf c£n°- m\- p≈ bp. hn. t]mfnØ- o≥ hoXn-bp≈ Ce-I-fpw, XSn® Ing-ßp-Ifpw, Ing-ßn¬jo‰p-ta™ ]¥-en-\p-≈n¬) Irjn sNøm≥ {]tXy- IqSp-X¬ FÆ-bp-tSbpw Hfn-tbm-sd-kn≥ kØns‚I-ambn hnI-kn-∏ns®SpØ C\-am-Wn-Xv. sNSn-Iƒ Afhpw ˛ CsX√- ma- mWv AizX- nb- psS {]tXyI- X- I- ƒ.\√ Db-c-Øn¬ (189 sk.-ao) \o≠p hf-cp∂ kz`m-h-am-Wp-≈-Xv. Imbv hn≠p Iodp∂ tISn\pw, _mIvSo-cnb- ¬ hm´Ø- n\pw {]Xnt- cm[- tij- nb- p≠- .v 55˛60 {Kmw P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 27

dtbmUnP-\o-tdm-tb-°mƒ 60 iX-am\w A[n-I-hn- {]-h¿Ø-I-cp-amWv tZio-b-X-e-Øn¬ AwKo-Imcwfhpw e`n-°p-∂p. ]co-£-W-ß-fn¬ dtbmUnP-\o- In´nb Cu C\w hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv.tdmbv°v slIvS-dn¬\n∂pw 14.55 S¨ hnfhv e`n-®-t∏mƒ Aiz-Xn°v 23 S¨ hnfhv In´n. Ing-ßpIƒ°v 11. Imen-Øo-‰-∏-b¿, “kpc`n” : ssdkv_o≥ (hn·19.7iX-am\w DW-°pw, 3.32 iX-am\w FÆ-bpw, 7.45 Aw_-t√-‰) F∂ ]b¿h¿§ hnf-bp-sS, Imen-Øo-iX-am\w Hfntbmsdkn\pw D≠v. X≠p-Xp-c-∏s‚ ‰bv°p tbmPn® C\-amWv kpc-`n. sh≈m-bWntISpw Ipd-hm-Wv. XW-enepw Xpd- mb ÿeØpwIrjn-sN-øm≥ tbmPn-®-Xm-Wv. tlm¿´n-°ƒ®¿ Im¿jnI tImtf-PnsetImtf-Pnse πmt‚-j≥ t{Im]vkv & kvss]kkv tUm. kpa `mbn bpsShn`m-K-Ønse tUm. Fw. B¿. ssje-Pbpw kwL- t\Xr-XzØnemWvhpa- mWv Cu C\w hnIk- n∏- ns- ®S- pØ- X- v. CXns‚ Kth-jWw \S- ∂Xv. ho´p-h-f-∏p-Ifnepw10. Imen-Øo-‰-∏-b¿, “sFizcy” : Imen-Øo-‰- ]mS-ß-fnepw Irjn- sN-øm≥ km[n-°p∂bv°p-]-‰nb hnf-bmbn Irjn-sN-øm≥ tbmPn® ]b- Cu C\-Øn¬\n∂pwdn-\-am-Wn-Xv. C.kn.˛4216, \º¿˛10 F∂n-h-bpsS k¶- slISv dn\v (]d- º- pI- f- n¬)c-k-¥-Xn-]-c-º-c-I-fn¬\n∂pw \n¿≤m-cWw sNbvsX- 33˛38 S¨ hnfh- pe- `- n°- pw.SpØ Cu ]b-dn\w sXßn≥ tXm´-ß-fnepw ]d-ºp- slIvSd- n\v 35 In. {KmwI-fnepw a‰pw Irjn-sN-øm≥ tbmPn-®-Xm-Wv. sIm√w, hnØv th≠nh- c- pw. 30 x 20]Ø-\w-Xn-´, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw Pn√-I-fn¬ hnP-b-I-c- sk. ao. AI-e-Øn¬ambn Irjn-sN-ømw. 95˛105 sk.-ao. Db-c-ap≈ sNSn- IrjnsNø- mw. 60 ˛ 65 ZnhkwsIm≠v hnf-sh-Sp-°mw.Iƒ Ip‰n®p hf-cp-∂-h-bm-Wv. 30x15 sk. ao. AI-e- Xo‰-bn¬ 18.9 iX-am\w amwkyhpw 20 iX-am\wØn¬ hnØp-]m-Imw. Irjn-bn-d-°p-hm≥ slIvS-dn\v \mcpw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.35 In. {Kmw hnØv th≠n-h-cpw. GXm≠v 50 iX-am\w sNSn-Iƒ ]pjv]n°p-∂, ]q¿Æ-h-f¿®-sb- 12. Atim-Iw, “Aiz\n˛1” : Bbp¿tΔZ Huj-[- ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn®phcp∂ Hcp Huj-[ hr£-amWv AtimI- w (kd- m° AtimI- ). \√ Afh- n¬ tXmepw, AXn¬ Huj-[aqeyßfS-ßnb Sm\ns‚ Awihpw IqSpX- e- mbn ASß- nb- nc- n°- p∂ Hcn\- a- mWv Aiz\n˛1.Øp∂ ka-bØv (55-˛60 Znhkw) sNSn-Iƒ apdn-s®- ]e {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw tiJ-cn®p hf¿Ønb 42Sp-Øv Imen-Øo-‰-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. slIvS-dn¬ ac-ßsf (2004 ˛ 2011 hsc-bp≈ Ime-b-f-hv) \nco-\n∂pw icm-icn 30 S¨ hnf-hp-In´pw. sNSn-I-fn¬ £n-®mWv G‰hpw sa®-amb Cu C\w (TCRSA - 485icm-icn 18.5 iXa- m\w amwkyhpw 20 iX-am\w \mcpw F∂ acw) Is≠-Øn-b-Xv. icm-icn 7 an. ao. I´n-D≠m-bn-cn°pw. hnØn\v Cd-®n-tbmSv kam-\-amb bp≈ CXns‚ tXmen¬ 3.3 iX-am\w Sm\n≥ AS-t\¿Ø tdmkv \nd-am-bn-cn-°pw. sh≈m-bWn ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp sNSnbn¬\n∂pw 2753.72 {KmwIm¿jnI tImtf-Pnse tUm. kpa `mbnbpw kl- tXm¬ e`n-°pw. tZio-b-X-e-Øn¬Xs∂ Cu C\w AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw, ap¥nb C\-ambn ip]m¿i sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw D≠m-bn. sh≈m-\n-°c tlm¿´n- °ƒ®¿ tImtf-Pn¬ tUm. hn. hn. cm[m-Ir-jvWs‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \S-Ønb Kth-j-W-Øn¬ \n∂mWv Cu C\w Is≠-Ønb-Xv. (tUm. hn. Fkv. tZh-Zmkv tIcf Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I- em-ime Kth-j-W-hn-`mKw Atkm-kn-tb‰v Ub-d-IvS- dm-Wv. samss_¬ : 9446277809) z28 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

C. hn. A\q]vanI® XSn \¬Ip∂ temI-Ønse G‰-hpw {][m- Nn{Xw 1. kzm`mhnI h\-ß-fnse tX°ns‚ cmPym-¥c hn\ym-kw\-s∏´ ZrV-Zm-cp hnf-bmbn temI-`£y Im¿jnIkwL-S\ tX°n-s\-bmWv {]Jym-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.C¥y, _¿Ω, Xmbve‚ v, hnb‰- v\mw, emthmkv F∂ocmPy-ß-fn¬ kzm`m-hnI Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bp≈tX°v, bqtdm∏pw, hSs° Ata-cn-°-bp-sam-gn®vtemI-Ønse ap∏-Øn-\m-temfw cmPy-ß-fn¬ tXm´-hn-f-bmbn hf¿Øp-∂p-≠v. \memw A¥m-cmjv{StX°v ktΩ-f-Øn\v sabv 2015 ¬ sXs° Ata-cn-°-bnse CIz-tUm¿ Xøm-sd-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv. temIØv kzm`m-hnI h\-ß-fnse tX°ns‚hn\ymkw Nn{Xw 1 ˛ ¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. temItX°n≥tXm´ taJe- b- n¬ Gjy ap∂n´- p\- n¬°p∂- p.tX°v tXm´-ß-fpsS hnkvXr-Xn-bnepw D¬∏m-Z-\-Ønepw C¥y-bmWv ap∂n¬ (]-´nI 1). P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 29

cmPyw hnkvXo¿Æw D¬∏m-Z-\-£-aX D¬∏m-Z\w (’000/sl) (Fw. F. sF) (‘000 Iyp/sl/h¿jwC¥y Iyp/sl/h¿jwCt¥m-t\jy 2561 12805Xmbve‚ v 1470 5 7350a‰p-≈h 836 5 4180samØw Gjy ]k-^nIv 726 5 3267ss\Po-cnb 5593 4.5 27602sFh-dn-tImÃv 74 ˛ 1260Lm\ 66 9.5 756kpUm≥ 40 11.3 200a‰p-≈h 25 15.0 100samØw B{^n° 51 4 204{_ko¬ 256 4 2353tImÃm-dn° 50 ˛ 450a‰p-≈h 30 9 390samØw em‰n≥ Ata-cn°, 53 13 530Ico-_n-b≥ cmPy-߃ 133 10 1370 ˛ BsI 5982 31325 ˛ tX°v XSn-bpsS kz`m-h-Kp-W-ß-fpsS Xmc-Xay AYhm _¿Ωokv tX°v XSnb- psS D¬∏mZ- \- s- Øb- pw,]T-\-Øn-\p≈ \nZm-\-߃ Nn{Xw 2˛¬ sImSp-Øn- hym]mc- s- Øbpw Ipdn®v Hm¿t°≠n hcnI- .cn-°p-∂p. _¿Ωokv XSn-bp-sSbpw F¥n-t\sd, A¥m CuSne- pw, _eØ- nepw, cq]`- wK- nb- nepw, kwkvI- cmjv{S tX°pXSn-bp-sSbpw {][m\ D]-t`m-‡mhvcW anI-hn-epw, at‰-sXmcp XSntb°mfpw anI®p `mcXw BWv. AXn¬ sIm®p tIcfw ap≥]¥- nb- n¬.\n¬°p∂ tX°v, \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn `mc-X-Øn¬ F∂m¬ apgp-h≥ XSn-bmbn Ib-‰p-aXn sNøp-∂Xv\n∂pw hntZ-i- cm-Py-ß-fn-te°v Ib-‰p-aXn \SØn (tX°pw, ]n≥tIm-U-bp-a-S-°w) 2014 apX¬ \ntcm[- n-t]mcp-∂p. sSe-t^m¨, sshZypXn Ig-I-fm-bpw, ®X- mbn aym≥am¿ k¿°m¿ HutZymK- nI- a- mbn {]Jym-sdbn¬sh …o∏dp-I-fm-bpw, ]mbv°∏¬ (D-cp) \n¿ ]n®- t- ∏mƒ sR´nb- Xv \ΩpsS kwÿm\- sØ XSnΩm-W-Øn-\pw, C¥y≥, Ad-_v, {_n´ojv \mhnI hyh-kmbw H∂-S-¶-amWv (sskkv XSn-bp-sS Ib-‰p-tk\-I-fpsS I∏¬, t_m´p \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\pw C¥y- a-Xn°v Ct∏mƒ \ntcm-[-\-an-√). Cu Xocp-am\w tIc-bn¬- \n∂pf- f tX°v XSn D]t- bmK- n®p t]m∂nc- p∂- p. fØ- nse ach- yh- k- mb- sØ k¶o¿ÆX- b- nt- e°v \bn-t_∏q-cn¬ Ct∏mgpw ]mbv°-∏¬ \n¿ΩmWw \S- °p-sa∂v am{X-a-√, kwÿm-\sØ kº-ZvL-S-\sb°p-∂p. \ΩpsS tX°v D]-tbm-Kn-®-s√∂v am{Xw. Øs∂ BgØ- n¬ kzm[o\- n°- pw. Xmbev m‚ v BÿmhyXykvX C¥y≥ tX°n\- ß- f- psS kz`mh hnti- -\-am-°n-bp-ff _¿Ωokv {]hm-kn-I-fpsS Iq´mbvajß- ƒ ]´nI 2 ˛ ¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.tX°v XSn-bpsS ItºmfhpwCd-°p-a-Xnbpw t\csØ ]cm-a¿in-®Xpt]msetX°v, XSnI- f- n¬ t{ijvTÿ- m\- ob- \- mWv.CuSnepw, ]Wn-bp-∂-Xn-ep-ff anIhv,BI¿j-IXzw F∂n-h-bnepw CXv ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ Xs∂. ]s£ as‰√m D¬∏-∂-ß-sfbpw t]mse F√m tX°pw H∂pt]mse-bm-I-W-sa-∂n√. tXm´-ß-fnse tX°ns\At]£- n®v kzm`- mh- nI h\ß- f- nse tX°vanIh- p‰- X- mb- nc- n°- pw. {]tXyI- n®pw aqs∏Ønapdn-s®-Sp-Ø-h. Chn-sS-bmWv aym≥am¿30 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

]´nI 2. C¥y≥ tX°n\-ß-fpsS XSn-bpsS kz`mh hyXn-bm-\-߃\ne-ºq¿ (a-e-_m¿) tX°v XSn°v \nh¿∂ s{Kbn\- pw, kz¿Æw Ie¿∂ {_u¨ \ndh- pw, \√ cq]-`w-Kn-bp-am-Wp-≈Xv. henb XmbvØ-Sn-Iƒ°v {]kn-≤-am-Wv. tX°n\v hfc- m≥ A\pt- bmP- ya- mb ]pgt- bmc (dnh- d- b- n≥ Aeq-hn-b¬) aÆn¬ thK-Øn¬ hf-cp-∂p.tIm∂n tX°v tIc-f-Ønse tIm∂n-bn¬ hf-cp-∂-Xpw, hf¿®m\nc°v Ipd-hp-≈Xpw. Ccp≠ \ndhpw, ASp-Ø-SpØv s{Kbn≥ D≈XpwAZn-em-_mZv tX°v B{‘-bnse cmPp¬a-Õp-Kp-hn¬ \n∂pw tdmkv \ndw Ie¿∂ ImX¬ at\m-l-c-amb {]Xewkn.-]n.‰n (sk≥{S¬ t{]mhn≥kv) hc≠ Imemh- ÿ- b- n¬ hfc- p∂- Xp ImcWw hf¿®mtX°v \n-c°v Ipd-™Xv - s{Kbn≥ hf-™Xv (‰zn-kvd-dUv s{Kbn≥)Um≥sUen (h-Ss° Im\-d) tX°v Ccp-≠Xpw hf¿®m-\n-c°v IqSp-X-ep-≈Xpw_√m¿jm tX°v alm-cm-jv{S-bnse N{μm-]q-cn¬ \n∂pw hc≠ Imem-h-ÿ-bn¬ hf-cp-∂ptKmZm-hcn tX°v B{‘-bnse tKmZm-hcn XS-Øn¬ hf-cp-∂p khn-tij cq]-`wKn ImcWw Ae-¶mc D]-tbm-K-Øn\v A\p-tbmPywImthcn I\m¬ tX°v thK-Øn¬ hf-cp-∂-Xpw, km{μX Ipd-™-Xpw, \nd-an-√m-ØXpw Xang- \v m´- nse Imthcn I\me- ns‚ HmcØv hfc- p∂- p.{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ hm¿Øm ]{Xn- Nn{Xw 2. tX°p-XSn ˛ Xmc-X-ay-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ \nZm\wI-bmb {]kn≤ _¿Ωokv \ZnbpsS t]cn-ep-ff ‘Ccm-hXn’bpsSteJI- ≥ hn√yw _q´v (William Boot){]kvXpX hm¿Øm-]-{Xn-I-bn¬{]kn≤- oI- c- n® teJ\- Ø- n¬ _¿Ω-bps- S kºZ- Lv S- \- sb Cu Xocpa- m\w_m[n-°p∂- s- Xß- s\ F∂v hniI- -e\w sNøp∂- t- Xms- Sm∏- w, A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb acwapdn aqew _¿Ω-bn-ep-≠mb ]mcn-ÿn-XnI {]iv\-ßfpw ]T\- h- nt- [b- a- m°- p∂- p. GsdNnt¥m±- o]- I- h- pw, ]T\- m¿lh- pa- mWvCu teJ-\w. CtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂Ign™ H∂c ]Xn-‰m-≠mbntIcf XSnhym]m-cn-I-fp-sSbpwD]-t`m-‡m-°-fp-sSbpw CjvSac- a- mb _¿Ωokv ]n≥tImUbpsS(sN-dp-tX°v AYhm sskenbtUmfm{_nt^m¿Ωn-kv) hchpw\ne-bv°pw. Du¿≤-izmkw hen-°p∂ \ΩpsS XSn hyhkmbØn\v Ccp-´-Sn-bmIpw CsX∂vkwib-an-√. P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 31

_¿Ωokv XSn-bpsS hchv \n¬°pw F∂ b-Iƒ `cn-°p∂ sFhdntImÃv, tImwtKm, Ima-dq¨bmYm¿∞yw ap∂n¬I≠v tX°v tiJcw h¿≤n∏- n®p t]mep-ff B{^n-°≥ cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw, apgp-h≥\n¬°p-∂-hcpw Ipd-h-√. sh\o¿ \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\pw XSn-I-fmbn´mWv Ib‰n Ab-bv°p-∂-Xv. tIhe h\-tX°v hfsc A\p-tbm-Py-am-Wv. _¿Ωokv tX°v imkv{X am\-Z-WvU-߃ t]mepw ]men-°msX\√ hÆ-hpw, \nh¿∂ XmbvØ-SnbpapffX-mb-Xn- ss\k¿KnI h\-ß-fn¬ \n∂m-Wv Ch Ib‰n Ab-\m¬ Ahbv°v Bh-iyI- X Gdn-h-cps- a∂Xv Xo¿®. bv°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv F∂XmWv bmYm¿∞yw. hnI-knXBtKmf Xe-Øn-ep-ff k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥ {]{In-b- kaq-l-ß-fmb bqtdm-]y≥ bqWn-b-\pw, Ata-cn-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-ambmWv aym≥am¿ k¿°m-cn-\v Ib- °bpw hnhn[ \nba \n¿Ωm-W-ß-fn-eqsS Ch-bpsS‰p-aXn \ntcm-[\w G¿s∏-Sp-tØ≠n h∂-Xv. am{X- Cd-°p-aXn XS-™n´p≠v.a√ ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hn]-co-X-ambn BcmPysØ B`y-¥-cm-h-iy-Øn¬ h≥ h¿≤-\-hp- C¥y≥ tX°v hn]Wn≠mbn´pap-≠v. temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb tX°v hn]Wn XSnt- bmS- pf- f h¿≤n® Xm¬∏cyw BtKmfXe- C¥y Xs∂. KpW\- ne- h- mcw Ipd™ tX°v XSnb- psSØn¬ h\-\-io-I-c-W-Øn-\p-ff tlXp-hm-Ip∂p≠v. Cd-°p-aXn aym≥a-dn¬ \n∂pw 2014 apX¬ Ah-km-{]tXy-In®pw ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°v XSn-tbmSv khn-ti-j- \n-®p. C\n hcp-∂p-s≠¶n¬ Xs∂ apdn®v sskkm-amb Iº-ap-≠v. ]e ImcW- ß- f- m¬ Krl\- n¿ΩmW- - °nb- h am{Xw. KpPd- mØ- nse ImWvUe- b- ne- pw, ]mcm-Øn¬ XSn Hgnh- m°- m≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp hkvXp-hm-Wv. Zzo-]n-ep-amWv tX°ns‚ {][m\ kwkvI-cW tI{μ-samØw \n¿ΩmW Nne-hns‚ GI-tZiw 40 iX-am- ߃. Cd°paXn Xpd-ap-J-߃ XqØp-°p-Sn,\-tØmfw XSn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´msW-¶nepw \mw sNss∂, apwss_, hnim-J]-´-Ww, sIm®n (Np-cp-XSnsb ssIhn-Sm-dn-√. BUw-_-c-Øn-s‚-bpw, B¿`m- ßnb Afhn¬) F∂nh- bmW.v C¥y≥ Itºmf- Ø- n¬S-Øn-s‚bpw Nn”w XSn Xs∂. anen-´dn-, bp≤ -am^n- A¥m-cmjv{S tX°v XSn-bpsS GI-tZi hne ]´n-I 3 -¬ sImSp-Øncn-°p-∂p.]´nI 3. 2013 s^{_p-h-cn-bn¬ C¥y-bn¬ Cd-°p-aXn sNbvX tX°ns‚ hn]-Wn-hne (kn B‚v F^v)\º¿ apgp-h≥ XSn-bm-bp-f-fh Iyp_nIv ao‰-dns‚ hne (tem-Kp-Iƒ) (cq]-bn¬)1 sFhdn tImÃv 27,000- ˛ 48,0002 ]m]z-\yq-Kn\n 27,000 ˛ 51,0003 F¬km¬h-tUm¿ 24,000 ˛ 27,0004 Kzm´name 24,000 ˛ 30,0005 Lm\ 24,000 ˛ 39,0006 Kbm\ 18,000 ˛ 27,0007 s_\n≥ 30,000 ˛ 60,0008 sImfw-_nb 24,000 ˛ 36,0009 tSmtKm 21,000 ˛ 30,00010 tImÃm-dn° 24,000 ˛ 39,00011 ]\ma 21,000 ˛ 27,00012 kpUm≥ 30,000 ˛ 39,00013 _¿Ω(-aym≥am¿) tX°v (Iyp-_nIv ASn-°v) 4,980 ˛ 11,580 FIvkvt]m¿´v πmt‚j≥ t{KUv 3,756 ˛ 4,416 F t{KUv 3,090 ˛ 3,426 _n t{KUv 2,208 ˛ 2,868 F^v. F.- Fkv t{KUv14 apdn-s®-SpØv sskkm-°n-bh 27,000 ˛ 48,010 Sm≥km-\nb 18,000 ˛ 30,000 ss\Po-cnb 42,000 ˛ 48,000 s_\n≥ 24,000 ˛ 36,000 {_ko¬ (kvIz-b¿) 21,000 ˛ 30,000 CIz-tUm¿ (kvIz-b¿)(A-h-ew_w : sF.-‰n.-‰n.H {]-_-‘w, 2013) Hcp Iyp_nIv ao‰¿ = 35.15 Iyp_nIv ASn32 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

\ne-ºq¿ tX°n\v `q{]-tZi `q{]-tZi kqN-I-ß-fmb Im¿jnI D¬∏-∂-kqNI kwc£- Ww e`n°- pt- ºmƒ ߃°v Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Ht∂m AXn-e-[n-Itam khn- tij LS-I-߃ D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Hcp {]tXyI `qhn- temI -hym-]mc Icm-dns‚ \n_-‘-\-I-f-\p-k- `mK- Ø- nse I¿jI- c- psS {ia^- e- a- mbn DcpØ- nc- n™vcn®v \ne-hn¬ h∂ c≠v \nb-a-ß-fm-Wt√m ]pXnb h∂n-´p-ff ]c-º-cm-KX Im¿jnI C\-߃ Irjnhnf-bn-\-ß-sfbpw I¿j-I-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-sfbpw sNøp∂- Xp aqew ssIhc- p∂ khnt- ij- X- I- ƒ°mk- ]v -kwc-£n-°p-hm-\p-ff \nb-ahpw (Protection of Plant Za- mb ssPhL- S- IamWv CXn¬ H∂m-a-tØ-Xv. D¬∏-Varieties and Farmers Rights Act), `q{]-tZi kqN-I-ß- ∂-Øns‚ KpW-ta-∑bv°v am‰v Iq´p-∂-Xn\v klm-fpsS cPnk- vt{Sj- \pw kwc£- W- Ø- n\- pa- mb- pf- f \nb- bI- a- mb {]tXyI Imemh- ÿ- bpw a‰p {]IrXn LSI-ahpw (Geographical Indications of Goods Registration ß- fpw Dƒs∏S- p∂ {]IrXn LSIamWv c≠ma- t- ØX- .v& Protection Act). 1999 -˛ ¬ ]mkm-°n-b, 2003 ˛ ¬\ne-hn¬ h∂ `q{]-tZi kqN-I-\nb-a-{]-Imcw Hcp{]tXyI cmPymXn¿Øn-°-I-tØm, cmPy-Ønse{]tXyI `q{]-tZ-itØm D¬`hn-°p-I-tbm, D¬∏m-Zn∏- n°- s- ∏S- pI- tbm, \n¿Ωn°- s- ∏S- pI- tbm sNøp∂- Xpaqew, Im¿jn-I-˛-{]-IrXnZØ-˛-I-c-Iu-ie D¬∏-∂-߃°v, hym]m-c-ta-J-e-bn¬ hf-sc-tbsd hne-a-Xn-°-s∏-Sp∂ KpW-ta-∑-bpw, Io¿Ønbpw X\Xp hnti-j-X-Ifpw ssIh-cp-∂p-sh∂ _‘-sØ-bmWv `q{]-tZi kqN-I-sa∂ ]Zw km[q-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. khn-ti-j-amb KpW-ß-fpw, Io¿Øn-bpw sIm≠v CØcwD¬∏-∂-߃ hym]m-c-cw-KØv sa®-s∏´ I®-hSkm[y-X-Ifpw Db¿∂ hne-bpw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂p.anI® I®-hS km[y-X-bp-f-fXn-\m¬ NqjWwHgnhm°p-∂-Xn-\pw, bYm¿∞ D¬∏-∂-ß-fpsS A\p-I-c-W-߃ Itºm-f-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p∂- Xv XSb- p-hm\pw `q{]t- Zi kqNI- ß- ƒ°mI- pw. P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 33

Nn{Xw 3. \n-e-ºq¿ tX°ns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb coXn-bn¬ cq]-s∏-SpØn tIm´w Xo¿ sØ-SpØ Irjn-co- Xn-Iƒ, kwkvI-cW coXn-Iƒ, aqey-h¿ ≤nX am¿§-߃ F∂nh kw`m-h\ sNøp∂ a\pjy LSIamWv aq∂m-a-sØ-Xv. Cu LS-I-ßsf A\p-tbm- Py-amw-hn[w tIm¿Øn-W°- nb- D¬∏∂- ß- sfbmWv `q{]-tZi kqN-I-ß- fmbn cPn-ÿ sNøp-∂-Xv. ae-_m¿ tX°v F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂, C¥y-bnse ]›n-a-L-´-Øn¬s∏Sp∂ \ne-ºq¿ tX°v (-Nn{Xw 3) \√ hf¿®-bp-ff, anI® hep-∏-Øn-epw, kz¿Æ-\ndw Ie¿∂ {_u¨ \nd-Ønepw, BI¿j-I-amb cq]-`w-Kn-bnepw (^n-K¿) Dff XSn-bmb-Xn-\m¬ Ime-ß-fmbn Xs∂ temI- hn-]-Wn-bn¬ I∏¬, bm´v (yacht) \n¿ΩmW-Øn\v (Nn{Xw 4) \√ JymXn t\Sn-bn-´p-ff D¬∏-∂-amWv. ssk‰v Izmfn‰n (a-c-ß-fpsS Db-csØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n hf-cp∂ {]tZ- i-Øns‚ \ne-hm-csØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv) H∂n¬ s]´-XmWv \ne-ºq-cnse ]c-º-cm-KX tX°v hf¿Ø¬ taJ-e-Iƒ. tIcf Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-im- ebpsS Iogn-ep-ff hpUv kb≥kv hn`m-K-Ønse ]T-\-߃ kqNn-∏n-°p- ∂-Xv, \ne-ºq¿ tX°ns‚ XSn-bpsS km{μX CSØ- c- Ø- ne- pf- f- X- pw, hnImk kt¶mN- ß- ƒ Ipdh- pf- f- X- pw, anI® \nda- p≈- Xpw CuSp h¿≤n∏- n°- p∂ ehW ]Zm¿∞-߃ [mcmfw AS-ßn-bn-´p-f-f-Xp-am-sW-∂m-Wv. ]o®n-bnse tIcf h\-K-th-j-W-tI{μw \S-Ønb Xmc-Xay]T-\-߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xv, Cu {]tZ-i-ß-fnse tX°n\v ]›n-a-L-´-Ønse a‰v {]tZ-i-ß-fnse hr£-ß- fn¬ \n∂pw P\n-X-I-amb khn-ti-j-X-bp-s≠-∂m-Wv. \ne-ºq¿ tX°n\v `q{]t- Zi kqNI kwc£- Ww tXSpt- ºmƒ Cu {]tZi- Ø- ns‚ Ncn{X {]m[m- \y-hpw, XSn-bpsS anI® khn-ti-j-X-I-fpw, P\n-XI {]tXy-I-Xbpw, Xo¿®- Nn{Xw 4. bmbpw aXn-bmb Imc-W-ß-fmIpw F∂pt_∏q-cnse Dcp \n¿Ωm-W-ime Icp-Xp-∂p. as‰mcp {][m-\-Im-cyw, C∂v {]mbw IqSnb hr£-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-ff tX°v XSn-bp-sS e`yX Ipd-™ph-cp∂p F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. \ne-ºq¿ tX°ns‚ khn- ti-j-X-Iƒ IqSp-X-embpw ImWm-hp-∂-Xv, {]mbw IqSp-X-ep-ff ac-ß-fn¬ (old growth teak) BsW∂- X- n\- m¬ \neº- q¿ tX°ns‚ apdn-s®-Sp-°m-hp∂ {]mbw (rotation age) Ipd®p sIm≠p hcp-∂-Xn\v ]Icw, h¿≤n- ∏n°pI-bm-sW-¶n¬ XSnbpsS aqeyw ({]oa- nbw hmeyp) IqSpI am{Xa- √- , `q{]t- Zi kqNI kwc-£Ww e`n-°p-∂-Xn\p-ff ]q¿Æ-amb \y-mbo-I-c-W-hpamIpw.- (tUm. C. hn. A\q-]v sh≈m-\n-°c t^mdkv{Sn tImtfPv hpUv kb≥kv hn`mKw Atkm-kn-tb‰v s{]m^-kdpw ta[m-hn-bp-am-Wv. samss_¬ : 9495375541) z34 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

hn. an\nkky-h-f¿®sb {]Xy-£-ambpw ]tcm-£-ambpw fpsS e`yX Ipd-bp-∂-Xn-\m¬ sNSn-bp-sS- h-f¿®sb {]XnI- qe- a- mbn _m[n°- p∂- p. Aæhocyw IqSpt- ¥mdpw\nb-{¥n®v AXp-hgn hnf-I-fpsS D¬∏m-Z-\-ti-jnsb Ccp-ºv, Aeq-an-\n-bw, amwK-\okv XpS-ßnb aqe-I-KWy-ambn kzm[o-\n-°p∂ Hcp kp{]-[m\ LS-I ß-fpsS tebXzw h¿≤n®v tZmj-I-c-amb Af-hn¬amWv aÆns‚ cmkh- nI- mc- w. kkya- qe- I- ß- f- psS e`y- a¨{Zm-h-I-Øn¬ IS-∂p-Iq-Sp-Ibpw sNSn-I-fpsSX, aÆnse kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w, ssPh- hf¿®sb XS-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-ambnh-kvXp-°-fpsS Po¿Æ-\w, kky-aq-e-I-ß-fpsS ]cn- AæX IqSp-tºmƒ s\¬∏m-S-ß-fn¬ Ccp-ºns‚h¿Ø\w F∂nhsbms° aÆns‚ cmkh- nI- mc- sØ tebXz°qSp-X¬ aqe-ap-≠m-Ip∂ Nph∂ \nd-Øn-B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXv Af-°p-∂Xv aÆns‚ Aæ- ep≈ ]mS D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw thcp-£m-c-kq-NnI AYhm ]n.-F-®v. Xn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv. Iƒ Nph∂ \nd-ambn \in-®p-t]m-hp-Ibpw, Ce-Iƒ]qPyw apX¬ 14 hsc tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ kqNn- a™-fn®v Icn™p t]mhp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ss\{So-I-bn¬ 0 apX¬ 7 hsc Aæ-ambpw 7 apX¬ 14 hsc I-c-Ww, ss\{S-P≥ \nt£]w XpS-ßnb {]h¿Ø-\-£mc-ambpw IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Aæ-Xbpw £mc- ߃ \S-Øp∂ kq£va Pohn-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø\wXbpw Xpey-am-bn-cn°p-tºmƒ ]n. F®.v 7.0 Bbn-cn- AæX IqSp-X-ep≈ aÆn¬ aμo-`-hn-°p-∂Xmbn°pw. A[nIw Aæ-a-b-tam, £mc-a-btam Bb aÆvkkyh- f- ¿®bv°v DØa- a- √- . aÆn¬ tN¿°p∂ cmk-h-f-ß-fpsS ]c-am-h[n Imcy-£-aX e`n-°msXt]mIp-∂-Xn-\v -Hcp apJy-Im-cWw aÆns‚ A[n-I-cn® Aæ-˛-£m-c-ÿn-Xn-bm-Wv. tIcfØnse aÆp-Iƒ s]mXpsh Aæ kz`m-h-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. amXr]md {Kmss\‰v Bb-Xp-sIm≠pwDjvW-ta-Jem {]tZ-i-amb \ΩpsS kwÿm-\ØvIn´p∂ I\Ø ag £mc kz`m-h-ap≈ aqe-I-ßsfebn-∏n®v Hgp°n am‰p-∂Xn-\m-ep-amWv aÆv Aæ-a-b-am-Ip-∂-Xv. AæP\y-ß-fmb cmk-h-f-ß-fpsS Aan-tXm-]-tbm-Khpw aÆns‚ AæX h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p.kky-h-f¿®-bvt°-‰hpw DNn-X-am-bXv 6 apX¬ 7 hsc-bp≈ ]n. F®v. BWv. {][m-\-aq-e-I-ß-sf√mw ]n.F®.v Bdn\pw Ggn\pw CS-bn-emWv kky-߃°vkpe-`-ambn e`n-°p-∂-Xv. AæXzw A[n-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ aÆn¬ Im’yw,a·o-jyw, s]m´mkyw XpS-ßnb t]mj-I-aq-e-I-ß- P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 35

ImWmw. aÆnse AæX°qSpX- ¬ kkyß- f- psS Aæ I-fp-tSbpw BtcmKyw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v AXym-h-£mc A\p]- mX- Ø- n¬ Ak¥- pe- \w D≠m°- pI- bpw iy-am-Wv. aÆnse ]n. F®v. Db¿Øm-\p≈ am¿§wkky-tcm-K-߃°v hgn-sh-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Bhi- ya- mb Afh- n¬ IpΩmbw tN¿Øv sImSp°- pIkkyt- Imi- ß- f- nse ]e F≥sska- pI- fpw {]h¿Ø- F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Aan-X-ambn IpΩmbw D]-\-c-ln-X-am-hp-∂-Xn\pw CXv CS-bm-°p-∂p. AæXzw tbmK- n°- p∂- Xv tZmjI- c- a- mW- v. CXpa- qew aÆv £mc-IqSnb aÆn¬ Ccp-ºv, Aeq-an-\nbw XpS-ßnb aqe- Kp-W-am-Im\pw Ahiy aqe-I-ß-fmb Ccp-ºv, amwK-I-߃ t^mkv^-d-kp-ambn kwtbm-Pn®v Ate-b-ß- \o-kv, kn¶v, tIm∏¿, t_mtdm¨ F∂n-h-bpsSfmb t^mkvt^-‰p-Iƒ D≠m-hp-Ibpw kky-߃°v e`yX Ipd-bm\pw CS-bm-°pw. ]n. F®.v 8˛\p apI-fn-t^mkv^d- kv e`n°- mX- mh- pI- bpw sNøp∂- p. IqSmsX te°p t]mbm¬ ]e-Xcw eh-W-߃ h¿≤n®ss\{S-P≥, kƒ^¿, tamfn-_vUn\w F∂o aqe-I- tXmXn¬ sh≈-Øn¬ ebn-°p-∂p. Cß-s\-bp≈ß-fpsS e`yX Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. emb\n sNSn-I-fpsS tImi-ß-fn¬ \n∂v tImi-{Z- hsØ ]pd-tØ°v BI¿jn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v tImi- aÆns‚ cmk-hn-Imcw, AXn¬ hf-cp∂ kky- ߃ \in-®p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw kky-h-f¿® \ne®pßsf am{X-a√, kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-sØ- t]mIp-I-bpw sNøp-∂p.bpw- km-c-ambn _m[n-°pw. Xmc-X-tay\ ]n. F®v.7˛\v ASptØm AXn\p apI-fntem BIp-tºmƒ aÆnse ]n. F®.v aqeyw Xn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-¶n¬aÆnse kq£va-Po-hn-I-fmb BIvSn-t\m-ssa-ko-‰p-I- am{Xta aÆnse AæXz {Iao-I-c-W-Øn-\mbnfp-sSbpw _mIvSo-cn-b-bp-sSbpw {]h¿Ø\w Xzcn-X- tN¿t°≠ IpΩmb hkvXp-°-fpsS Afhv IW-°m-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. F∂m¬ Aækz`m-h-ap≈ aÆn-emWv °m≥ ]‰p-I-bp-≈q. Hmtcm Pn√-bnepw {]h¿Øn-Ipan-fp-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w sa®-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS °p∂ aÆv ]cntim[-\m-im-e-I-fn¬ CXn-\p≈hnfI- f- n¬ ImWp∂ {][m\- s- ∏´ ]e tcmKß- ƒ°pw kuI-cyw e-`y-am-Wv.ImcWw Ipan-fpI-fm-Wv. Bb-Xn-\m¬ A[n-I-cn®AæXzw tcmK-_m[ h¿≤n-∏n-°pw. AXp-sIm≠v NpÆm-ºp-I-√v, IpΩm-bw, \o‰p-I-°, tUmtfm-]n. F®v. s‚ {Iao-I-cWw \ΩpsS aÆn-t‚bpw hnf- ssa‰v F∂n-h-bmWv km[m-c-W-bmbn In´p∂ IpΩmb hkvXp-°ƒ. sa®-s∏´ Imcy-£-aX e`n-36 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

°m≥ Ip-Ωmb hkvXp-°ƒ aÆn¬ Bh-iy-m\pkcWwtN¿ØpsIm-Sp-°Ww. s]s´∂p ^ew e`n-t°≠ {lkz-Ime hnfIƒ°v \o‰pI°tbm IpΩm-btam CSWw. Nnc-ÿmbn hn-f-Iƒ°v s]mSn® NpÆmºv I√v As√-¶n¬tUmtfm-ssa‰v aXn-bm-Ipw. sh≈w sI´n \n¬°p∂ ]mS-ß-fn¬ sh≈w hm¿Øp If-™-Xn\ptijw thWwIpΩmbw tN¿t°-≠-Xv. 24 aWn°qdn\p-tijw ho≠pwsh≈w Ib-‰p-Ibpw thWw. ]e-t∏m-gmbn sh≈w Ib‰nCd-°p-∂Xv \n¿ho-cy-am-°-s∏´ Bkn-Up-Iƒ IgpIn If-bp-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°pw. IpΩm-bhpw cmk-h-f-ßfpw{]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv Hcm-gvNsØ CS-thf \¬I-Ww. aÆv ]cn-tim-[-\-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ct≠m aqt∂m XhW- I- f- mbn thWw IpΩmbw tN¿°m≥.{][m\ hnf-Iƒ°v s]mXp-hmbn ip]m¿i sNbvXn-´p≈IpΩm-b-Øns‚ Afhv ]´nI 1 ˛ ¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. ]´nI 1. hnhn[ hnf-Iƒ°p≈ IpΩmb ip]m¿ihnf IpΩm-b-Øns‚ Afhv tN¿t°≠ kabws\√v 600 In. {Kmw/sl 350 In. {Kmw (BZy Dg-hns‚ ka-b-Øv) 250 In. {Kmw (\´v / hnX®v Hcp amkw Ign-™v)sXßv 1 In. {Kmw (sXsßm∂n\v) G{]n¬ ˛ sabvhmg 500 {Kmw (hmg H∂n-\v) \Sp∂ ka-bØv]b¿ 250 In. {Kmw (slIvS-sdm-∂n\v) \new Hcp-°p-tºmƒIpcp-ap-fIv 500 {Kmw (NphsSm∂n\v) G{]n¬ ˛ sabvIapIv 500 {Kmw (Iap-sIm-∂n\v) G{]n¬ ˛ sabv A[nI AæX Ipd-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv apJy-ambpw IpΩmbw tN¿°p-∂-sX¶nepw, aÆns‚ D¬∏m-Z-\- £-aX h¿≤n-∏n-°p∂ ]e KpW-ßfpw CXp-sIm≠v D≠m-Ip-∂p-≠v. IpΩmb hkvXp-°-fn¬ \n∂pw kkym-lmc aqe-I-ß-fmb Im’yhpw a·o-jyhpw e`n-°p-∂p. IqSmsX aÆns‚ LS\ \∂m-hp-Ibpw \o¿hm¿® t]mse-bp≈ `uXnI kz`m-h-߃ sa®- s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. s]m´m-ky-Øns‚ BKn-cW tXmXns\ A-\p-Iq-e-ambn \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xp- aqew aÆn-e-S-ßn-bn-´p≈ s]m´mkyw sNSn-bpsS hf¿®bv°v Imcy-£-a-ambn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂p. t^mkv^-dkv aqe-I-Øns‚ e`yX h¿≤n- ∏n-°p-∂p. aÆnse kq£vam-Wp-°-fpsS kpK-a-amb {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb tXmXn¬ Im’yw e`y-am-°p-∂p. ss\{S-P≥ kw`-cW kq£vam-Wp-°- fpsS {]h¿Ø-\hpw IpΩmbw tN¿°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v sa®-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]pfn-ckw IqSp-X-ep≈ aÆn¬ D≠m- Ip∂ aqSp-No-b¬ t]mep≈ Ipanƒ tcmK-߃ Ipd- bv°p-∂-Xn\pw aÆn¬ IpΩmbw tN¿°p-∂Xv Hcp ]cn[nhsc klm-bn-°p-∂p. (tUm. hn. an\n Aº-e-h-b¬ Irjn hn⁄m-\- tI{- μØ- nse AknÃ- ‚ v s{]m^kdmW.v samss_¬ : 9847748894) z P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 37

sI. Fw. {ioIp-am¿, cmPn Fkv.aÆn-s‚ `uXnI, cmk, ssPhnI kz`m-h-߃ am‰ß- ƒ Is≠Ø- p∂ ]co£- W- ß- f- mWv Zo¿LI- me hfw ]co-£-W-߃.AXns‚ hnf D¬∏m-Z-\-ti-jnsb \n›-bn-°p∂G‰hpw apJya- mb LSI- ß- f- mW- v. aÆns‚ Cu kz`m- ]co-£-W-Ncn{Xwh-ß-fn¬ A\p-Iq-e-am-‰-߃ D≠m°n hnf-I-fpsSD¬∏mZ- \- £- a- X h¿≤n∏- n°- p∂- X- n\mWv cmk ssPh- Cw•≠- nse sdmYmwÃ- Uv Kthj- W- t- I{- μØ- n¬h-f-ßfpw, a‰p hkvXp-°fpw tN¿t°-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xv. 1843 \pw 1856 \pw CS-bn¬ sP. _n. sehn-kn-s‚bpwF∂m¬ cmk-h-f-ß-fpsS {Iam-Xo-Xhpw Ak-¥p-en- sP. F®.v Kn¬_¿´ns- ‚bpw t\XrX- zØ- ne- mWv Zo¿L-X-hp-amb D]-tbm-Kw ]e-t∏mgpw KpW-Øn\p ]Icw Im-e-hfw ]co-£-W-߃ BZy-ambn XpS-ßn-b-Xv.tZmj-߃ D≠m-°n-tb-°mw. GIt- Ziw 171 h¿jß- f- mbn XpS¿∂ph- c- p∂ Cu ]co- £W- ß- ƒ Ct∏mgpw XpSc- p∂- p. Cu ]co£- W- ß- f- psS cmk-h-f-ß-fpsS Zo¿L-Im-esØ D]-tbmKw {][m\ Dt±iw cmk-h-f-ß-fpsS XpS¿®-bmb D]-aqew aÆn¬ kw`h- n- °p∂ am‰ß- ƒ Adnb- W- s- a¶- n¬ tbmKw Fßs\ aÆn-s‚bpw hnf-IfpsSbpw D¬∏m-Gsd h¿j-ß-fnse XpS¿®-bmb ]co-£W \nco- Z-\-£-a-Xsb _m[n-°p∂p F∂v a\- n-em-°p-I-bm-£W- ß- ƒ Bhi- ya- mW- .v F¶n¬ am{Xta hfß- f- psS bn-cp-∂p. Cu ]co-£-W-ß-fpsS ^ehpw ssPhn-I-D]tbmKw aÆns‚ cmk-˛-`u-Xn-I -kz-`m-h-ß-tfbpw coX- nb- n¬ Irjn sNbvXt- ∏mg- p≠- mb ^ehpw XΩn¬aÆnse kq£va-Po-hn-I-sfbpw Fßns\ _m[n-°p- Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv \nK-a-\-ß-fn-se-Øn-bXv.sa∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q.- hn-hn[ hfß- \nc-h[n ]co-£-W-߃ Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ \SØnfpsS D]-tbmKw Fßs\ a‰p t]mj-I-aq-e-I-ß-fpsS hnhn[ aqeI- ß- f- psS A\pt- bmP- ya- mb A\p]- mX- ß- ƒe`y-X-tbbpw aÆns‚ LS-\-tbbpw _m[n-°p∂p \nP-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn.F∂v a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw XpS¿®-bmb \nco-£-W-߃ Bh-iy-am-Wv. sdmYmwÃ- Uv tamU¬- ]co£Wß- sf Bkv]- Z-am°n temIØv ]e-bn-S-ß-fnepw Zo¿L-Im-e hfw cmk-h-f-ß-fp-sS- D-]-tbmKØns\-Xnsc ]e ]co-£-W-߃ \S-Øp-I-bp≠mbn. CtXmsSm∏wtIm-Wp-I-fn¬-\n∂pw FXn¿∏v h∂n-cn-°p∂ C¥ybnepw CØcw ]co-£-W-߃°v XpS°wC∂sØ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Cu hnjbw hfsc Ipdn®- p. 1885 ˛¬ Im¨]qc- nepw, 1908 ˛¬ ]qk (_olm¿){]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p. Zo¿L-Ime hfw ]co-£-W- bnepw, 1909˛¬ tImb-º-Øqcpw ]co-£-W-߃ß-fpsS ^e-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw C°m-cy-ß-fn¬ hfsc Bcw-`n-®p.hne-s∏´ hnh-c-߃ e`n-°p-∂p. Htc kz`m-h-ap≈ ]co-£WbqWn-‰p-I-fn¬, cmk-h-f-ß-fp-tS-bpw, ssPh-h-f-ß-fp-tSbpwXpS¿®b- mbn h¿jß- t- fmfw hyXykXv Afh- pI- f- ne- pw- XpS¿®-bmb {]tbmKw aÆn-t\bpw hnfhn-t\bpwA-\p-]m-X-ß-fnepw ssPh-˛-cm-k-h-f-߃ \¬In Fßs\ kzm[o-\n°pw F∂v a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-aÆns‚ D¬∏mZ- \- t- ij- nb- nepw hnfh- nepw D≠mI- p∂ \mbn, kwtbm-PnX Im¿jnI K-th-j-W-]-≤-Xn-bpsS38 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

`mK-ambn Zo¿L-Ime hf-]-co-£-W-߃ 11 tI{μ- IqSp-X¬ ssPhmwiap≈ aÆn¬ £mcØns‚ß-fn¬ 1970 sk]vXw-_-dn¬ Bcw-`n-®p. CØcw ]co- Afhpw e`yX- bpw IqSp∂- X- mbpw Adnh- mbn.£-W-߃ hnhn[ Im¿jnI ]mcn-ÿn-XnI {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw a¨X-c-ß-fnepw \S-Øn-b-Xns‚ Dt±iw 6. s]mXpsh, aÆn¬ kq£vaa- qe- I- a- mb \mIØ- ns‚aÆns‚ LS-\-bnepw hnhn-[- hn-f-I-fpsS hnf-hnepw Awiw Ipd-hm-Wv.cmk-h-f-ß-fpsS \nc-¥-c-amb D]-tbmKw aqew F¥p-am‰w hcp∂p F∂v a\- n-em-°pIbmbn-cp-∂p. cmk- 7. aÆnse kq£vaPohn-I-fpsS FÆw Aim-kv{Xo-h-f-ß-fpsS hnth-I-]q¿Æ-amb D]-tbm-K-Øn\v b-amb hf-{]-tbmKw aqew Ipdbp∂p. F∂m¬]T-\ ^-e-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ ]pXnb \b-߃ Imen-h-fhpw cmk-h-fhpw kwtbm-Pn-X-amb coXn-D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°pI F∂ Dt±-ihpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®-t∏mƒ aÆn¬ ssPhmwiw IqSp- Ibpw kq£va PohnI- f- psS FÆw h¿≤n°- pI- b- pw-]co-£-W-^-e-߃ sNbvXp. X-∑qew D¬∏m-Z\ h¿≤-\hv D≠m-Ip- ∂-Xmbn Is≠-Øn.ta¬∏d™ Zo¿L-Im-e- hf]co£-W-ß-fp-sS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ \nK-a-\- -߃ NphsS tN¿°p-∂p. I¿Æm-S-I-Ønse s_√m-cn-bn¬ tNmf-Øn¬ \SØ- nb ÿncw hfw ]co£- W- ß- f- psS 13 h¿jsØ1. ]mIy-P-\I hf-ß-fpsS {I-am-Xo-X-amb D-]-tbmKw ^eß- ƒ kwtbmP- nX- h- f- {- ]t- bmK- Ø- ns‚ {]m[m\yw hnf-hn-t\bpw aÆn-t\bpw {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n- FSpØp ImWn-°p∂p. Cu ]T-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw °pw. AtamWnbw kƒt^‰v cq]Ø- ne- p≈ ]mIy- shfn-hmb ^e-߃ Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. P\- I hfß- ƒ D- ]- t- bmK- n°- pt- ºmƒ Ah hnfh- ns\ IqSp-X¬ tami-ambn _m[n-°pw. IqSmsX Ah 1. aÆv ]cn-tim-[-\-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]mIy- aÆns‚ AæX Iq´p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. P\- I- w, `mhlw, s]m´mjv F∂nh ASß- nb cmk hfß- f- pw, Imenh- f- h- pw \n¿t±i- n®- n´- p≈ Afh- n¬2. cmkhf-ß-fpsS -tI-h-e-amb D]-tbmKw aÆnse tN¿Ø Iyjn-bn-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw IqSp-X¬ hnfhv ssPhmwiw Ipd-°p-∂n-√. e`n-®p.3. k¥p-en-X-amb hf-{]-tbmKw F√m-Øcw hnf-I- 2. cmk˛- s- sPh- h- f- ß- ƒ kwtbmP- nX- a- mbn {]tbmK- n® fnepw aÆne- pw aÆnse ]mIyP- \- I- Ø- ns‚ e`yX aÆnse ]n. F®v aqeyw 8.9˛¬ \n∂pw 8.6 Bbn Iq´p∂p. Ipd-™p. AXm-bXv aÆns‚ AæX Aev]w IqSn.4. hnf-Iƒ hen-s®-Sp-°p∂ Af-hn-t\-°mfpw hf-sc- 3. aÆns‚ ssPhmw-i-Øns‚ Afhv 0.47 iX-am-\- IqS- pX- e- mbn aÆn¬ `mhlhfß- ƒ tN¿°s∏Sp∂p. Øn¬ \n∂v 0.52 iX-am-\-ambn h¿≤n-®p.5. £mc-h-f-ß-fpsS aÆnse e`y-X-sb-∏‰n \S-Ønb 4. aÆnse ]mIyP-\-I-Øns‚ Afhv Db¿∂p. ]T\Ø- n¬ F√mØ- cw aÆnepw hnfI- f- nepw £mc- Øns‚ Afhv kmca- mbn Ipdb- p∂- X- mbn Is≠Ø- n. 5. aÆnse `mhl- Ø- nt- ‚bpw £mcØ- nt- ‚bpw e`yX h¿≤n®- p. P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 39

cmkh- f- ß- f- psS Zo¿LI- me- sØ D]t- bmKw aqew aÆn¬ kw`h- n- °p∂ am‰ß- ƒAdnb- W- s- a¶- n¬ Gsd h¿j-ß-fnse XpS¿®-bmb ]co-£W \nco-£W- ß- ƒBhi- ya- mW- v. F¶n¬ am{Xta hfß- f- psS D]tbmKw aÆns‚ cmk-˛-`u-Xn-Ikz-`m-h-ß-tfbpw aÆnse kq£va-Po-hn-I-sfbpw Fßns\ _m[n-°p-sa∂va\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpI-bp-≈q.- hn-hn[ hf-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw Fßs\ a‰pt]mjI- - aqe- I- ß- f- psS e`yX- t- bbpw aÆns‚ LS\- t- bbpw _m[n°- p∂p F∂va\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v XpS¿®-bmb \nco-£-W-߃ Bh-iy-am-Wv.tIc-f-Ønse ]co-£-W-߃ a-s√-¶n¬ Imen-hfhpw cmk-h-fhpw kwtbm-Pn-X- ambpw \evInb tπm´p-I-fnemWv kpÿn-c-amb coXn- tIc-f-Øns‚ a≤ytaJ-e-sb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn- bn¬ Db¿∂ hnfhv In´ns- °m≠- nc- n°- p∂- X- v F∂mW- .v°p∂ ]´m-ºn- s\√v Kth-jW tI{μ-Øn¬ 1961 IqSmsX CØcw tπm´p-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ ssht°m¬apXepw sX°≥ taJ-e-bnse ]qgn Ie¿∂ aÆns\ D¬∏m-Z-\hpw sa®-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. a‰p tπm´p-Isf{]Xn-\n[oI-cn-°p-∂- ImbwIpfw s\√v Kth-j-W-tI- At]-£n®v Cu tπm´p-I-fn¬ ssPhmw-ihpw{μ-Øn¬ 1964 apXepw ÿncw hfw ]co-£-W-߃ Im¬kyw, Ccp-ºv, amwK-\o-kv, kn¶v XpS-ßnb\S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. kq£va t]mjI aqe-I-ß-fpsS Afhpw IqSp-X-em- bn-cp-∂p. ]´mº- nb- n¬ s\¬Irj- nb- n¬ \SØ- nb ]co£- -W-ß-fn¬ F´v Xcw hf{]tbm-K-߃ B≠n¬ c≠v Xncph- \- ¥- ]- pcw tI{μ Ingß- ph- ¿§ Kthj- Whnf-I-fn¬ hoX-amWv ]co-£-W-hn-t[-b-am-°n-b-Xv. tI{μ-Ønse ]co-£-W-߃]co-£-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Dcp-Øn-cn™ hnh-c-߃Fs¥∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. 1978 apX¬ tI{μ Ingß- ph- ¿§ Kthj- W tI{μ- Øn¬ ac®- o\- nb- n¬ Zo¿LI- me- - hfw ]co£- W- ß- ƒ H∂mw hnfb- n¬ Dbcw IqSnb C\w \mS≥ hnØp- \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. NPK hf߃ Hmtcm∂pw slIvS-]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ Irjn-bn¬ BZysØ ]Øp-sIm√w dn\v 100 Intem{Kmw hoXhpw Imenh- fw 12.3 S¨ F∂(1961 -˛ 71) slIvS-dn\v 4 S¨ ]®n-e-h-fhpw 20:20:20 tXmXnepa- mWv tN¿ØX- v. Nmchpw s]m´mjpw shtΔIntem{Kmw tXmXn¬ NPKcmkhfß- fpw tN¿Ø tπm´p- sdbpw kwtbmP- n∏- n®pw tN¿Øt- ∏mƒ ac®- o\- nb- nseIf- ne- mW- v G‰hpw Db¿∂ hnfhv In´nb- X- .v s]mXpsh kbs- s\U- ns‚ Awiw Ipdb- p∂- X- mbn I≠p. F∂m¬]d-™m¬ ]co-£-W-Im-e-Øp-S-\ofw slIvS-dn\v Imen-hf- hpw ss\{SP- ≥ hf-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn-®-t∏mƒ\mep S¨ Imenh- f- hpw 20:20:20 Intem{Kmw tXmXn¬ kb-ss\-Uns‚ Awiw IqSp-∂-Xmbpw Is≠-Øn.NPK cmkhfß- fpw tN¿Ø tπm´pI- f- ne- mW- v, kpÿn-c-amb coXn-bn¬ Db¿∂ hnfhv In´n-s°m≠- nc- p∂- X- .v kwtbm-Pn-X-amb coXn-bn¬ Imen-h-fhpw cmk-]®ne- h- fw am{Xtam cmkh- fw am{Xtam \eIv nb tπm´p- h-f-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn-®-t∏mƒ aÆnse ssPhmw-i-Øn-If- n¬ IoSi- eyw IqSpX- e- mbpw Is≠-Øn. t‚bpw ss\{S-P≥, t^mkv^dkv, s]m´mkyw F∂o apJy-aq-e-I-ß-fp-sSbpw a‰v kq£va t]mjI aqe-I- c≠mw hnf-°m-eØv Dbcw IqSnb \mS≥ ß-fp-tSbpw Afhv h¿≤n-®-Xmbpw aÆnse Aæ-s\√n\w Irjn sNbvX-t∏mƒ ]co-£-W-Im-e-L-´- KpWw Ipd-bp-∂-Xmbpw Is≠-Øn.Ønse BZysØ ]Øp-sIm√w slIvS-dn\v 40:30:30Intem{Kmw tXmXn¬ NPK cmkhf-߃ am{Xw ÿncw hfw ]co-£-W-ß-fpsS ^e-߃\evInb tπm´n-emWv G‰hpw \√ hnfhv I≠-Xv. s]mXp-hmbn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬, ÿmbn-bmb Db¿∂]t£, ]n∂o-Sp≈ h¿j-ß-fn¬ slIvS-dn\v 8 S¨ D¬∏m-Z-\-Øn\pw aÆns‚ LS\ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈hoXw Imen-hfw am{Xw \evInb tπm´p-I-fnepw, KpW-߃ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw kwtbm-Pn-X-ambslIvS-dn\v 4 S¨ Imen-hfhpw 20:30:30 Intem{Kmw t]mj-I-]-cn-]m-e\w Bh-iy-amWv F∂p ImWmw.NPK hf-ßfpw kwtbm-Pn-X-ambn tN¿Ø tπm´p-I- ssPh-h-f-߃ am{X-amtbm cmk-h-f-߃ am{X-fnepw G‰hpw \√ hnfhv e`n®- p. F∂m¬ ]co£- W- amtbm D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ CXn\p km[n-°p-I-bn-I- me- L´sØ samØØ- n¬ ]cnK- W- n®- m¬, slISv d- n\v √. Db¿∂ Af-hn¬ ss\{S-P≥ hf-߃ tN¿°p-2 S¨ Imen-h-f-hpw, 2 S¨ ]®n-e-h-fhpw 20:20:20 ∂Xv aÆns- \bpw hnfh- ns- \bpw {]XnI- qe- a- mbn _m[n-Intem{Kmw F∂ tXmXn¬ NPK e`y-am-°p∂ cmk °p-sa∂v Zo¿L-Ime hf-w ]-co-£-W-߃ hy‡-am-hfß- fpw kwtbmP- nX- a- mbn \evInb tπm´pI- f- nemWv °p-∂p. ss\{S-P≥ hf-ßfpsS Ipd-™- hn-e,kpÿn-c-amb coXn-bn¬ Db¿∂ hnfhv e`n-®Xv. AØcw hf-߃ IqSp-X-embn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ I¿j-I¿°v t{]c-W-bm-hm-dp-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ 30 h¿jsØ ]co-£-W-ß-fnse s]mXp- {]-h- sa®-s∏´ aqe-Im-\p-]mXw e`n-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ cmk-WX Db¿∂ tXmXn¬ (slIvS-dn\v 8 S¨) Imen- hfw {]tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ I¿j-Isc t{]cn-∏n-°p∂hfw am{X-ambpw As√-¶n¬ ]Ip-Xn-hoXw Imen-h- hn[w cmk-hfw hne \n›-bn-°p∂ \bw A`n-e-j-fhpw ]®ne- h- f- hpw NPK bpw kwtbmP- nX- a- mbpw AXp- Wo-b-am-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse aÆn¬ s]m´m-ky-Øns‚40 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

Afhv s]mXpsh Ipdh- mW- .v Ae]v w Nmcw tN¿Øm¬ gp-≠m-Ip∂ tZmj-^-e-߃, sI´n-S-߃ \n¿Ωn°pBh-iy-Øn\p s]m´m-jmbn F∂mWv Nne Irjn- tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ A¥-co£ aen-\o-I-cWw apX-em-°m-sc-¶nepw Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. Nmc-Øn¬ s]m´m-ky- b-h-sbms° Nq≠n-°m´n cmkhf{]tbmKsØ apgp-Øns‚ Afhv 5˛- 6 iXa- m\w am{Xa- mW- v. s\√v, sXßv, h-\mbpw FXn¿°p∂ {]h-WX C∂v I≠p-h-cp-∂p.hmg, Ing-ßp-h¿§-߃ F∂n-h-bn¬ Db¿∂ D¬∏m- tIcfw apgp-h-\mbpw ssPhIrjn-bn-te°v amd-W-Z-\-Øn\v CXv aXn-bm-Ip-I-bn-√. AXn-\m¬ Xs∂ sa∂ \b-Øns‚ ]n∂nepw CØcw hmZ-ap-J-߃s]m-´mjv hf-߃ aÆn¬ tN¿°p-∂-Xn¬ {]tXyI D∂b- n°- s- ∏S- p∂p≠.v F∂m¬ s]m´mk- yw, Im¬kyw,{i≤ sNep-Ø-Ww. aÆnse ssPhmw-i-Øns‚ a·ojyw, t_mtdm¨ F∂o aq-e-IßfpsS e`yXt]mcm-bv-a-bmWv as‰mcp {][m-\-s∏´ hkvXp-X. tIc- \ΩpsS aÆn¬ hfsc Ipd-hmb kml-N-cy-Øn¬f-Ønse aÆns‚ ssPhmwiw Ct∏mƒ s]mXpsh tIcfw apgp-h≥ ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te°v amd-W-sa∂2 iX-am-\-Øn\pw Xmsg-bmbmWv ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. \n¿t±-i-Øns‚ {]Xym-Lm-X-߃ Kuc-h-ambn IW-CXv ]cnl- c- n°- p∂- X- n\- mbn aÆn¬ Bhi- ya- mb Af- °n-se-Sp-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tIcfw apgp-h≥ ssPh-hn¬ {Iaa- mbn ssPhh- f- ß- ƒ tN¿Øps- ImS- p°- W- w. Ir-jn-bm-°msX, GtXXp hnf-I-fn¬ GtXXpaÆn¬ ssPhmw-iw- \n-e-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb Im¿jnI taJ-e-I-fn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw ssPh-Ir-jn-]cn-N-c-W-ap-d-Iƒ kzoIcn-°p-Ibpw thWw. DZm-l- A\p-h¿Øn-°mw F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ hy‡-X-bp-≠m-c-W-ambn aÆn¬ ]pX-bn-Sp-∂Xv aÆns‚ ssPhmwiw IWw. ssPthm¬∏-∂-߃°v Db¿∂ hnebpwh¿≤n-∏n-°pw. aÆp-]-cn-tim-[-\-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\- XpS¿®-bmb hn]-Wnbpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I-bpw Db¿∂Øn¬ kwtbmP- nX- - hf{]tbmKw \SØn Db¿∂ hnf- KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ ssPh-h-f-ß-fpw, kq£va-Po-hn-sh-Sp-°p-∂Xv aÆns‚ LS-\sb {]Xn-Iqe-ambn hfßfpw, ssPh- Io-S-Ip-anƒ\min-\n-Ifpw Bh-iy-_m[n-°p-I-bn√ F∂mWv Zo¿LIme hfw- ]-co-£- amb Afh- n¬ hn]W- nb- n¬ e`ya- m°- pI- b- pw- sNb- vsX-W-߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xv. a‰p cmPy-ß-fn¬ \S-Ø- ¶n¬ am{Xta ]q¿Æ-ambpw ssPh-Irj- nb- nt- e°- p≈s∏´ CØcw ]co-£-W-ßfnepw CtX ^e-߃ NphS- pa- m‰w hnPb- n°pI- b- p≈- q.Xs∂-bmWv I≠n-cp-∂-Xv. (tUm. sI. Fw. {ioIp-am¿ ]S-∂-°mSv Im¿jnI F∂m¬ Aan-Xhpw Aim-kv{Xo-b-hp-amb tImtfPv, F‚-tam-fPn hn`mKw s{]m^kdmWv.cmkhf{]tbmKw Zqjy-^-e-߃°n-S-bm-°pw. samss_¬ : 9447691821)]t£, A\nb- {- ¥nX- a- mb cmkhf{]tbmKw sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ {]Xym-Lm-X-ß-fmb `qK¿`-P-e-Ønse zss\t{S‰v aen-\o-I-c-Ww, Irjn-bn-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂pwcmkh- f- mh- i- nj- vSß- ƒ Pemi- b- ß- fnt- es- °Ø- pt- ºm- P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 41

Fkv. tZh-t\-i≥, sI. Fkv. {]aof, sI.-sI. ssje-P, hn.- hn. at\m ktμivtX\o®-°q-´nse hn`-h-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®p≈ F∏n-sX-dm-∏nbv°v ssN\- t]m-ep≈ cmPy-ß-fn¬ {]m[m\yw Gdn-h-cn-I-bmWv. Cu NnIn-’m-hn[nNnIn’mhn-[n-bmWv F∏n-sX-dm-∏n. tX≥, tX\o-® {]mNo\ CuPn]vXv, {Kokv, ssN\ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬hn-jw, ]qsºm-Sn, tdmb¬ sP-√n XpS-ßnbh ]e \n∂pw D¤-hn-®-Xmbn tcJ-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.tcmK-߃°pw {]Xn-hn-[n-bm-Wv. sshZyi- mk- v{XØns‚ ]nXmh- mb {Ko°v ^nknj- y≥ lnt∏m-{Im‰kv k‘n-hm-X-Øn\pw, k‘n-th-Z- \bv°pw tX\o®- h- njw DØa- a- ms- W∂v ]d™- n´- p≠v. ]pcm-X\ {Kokn¬ Imbn-I-Xm-c-߃ i‡n -h¿≤n- ∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v tX≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p F∂pw Ncn{X tcJ-Ifn¬ ImWp-∂p. 1989 ¬ cq]w-sIm-≠ Ata-cn- °≥ F∏n-sX-dm-∏n- skm-ssk-‰n-bpsS Bÿm\w Ata-cn-°-bnse \yqtP-gvkn-bn¬ BWv. tX≥sX-dm∏n tX≥ D]tbm-Kn-®p≈ NnIn’mcoXn-bmWnXv. Bbp¿tΔZ-Øn¬ F´v Xcw tX\n-s\-°p-dn®v {]Xn- ]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. tX≥ Bbp¿tΔ-Z, bp\m-\n, kn≤, \mS≥ NnIn’ XpS-ßnb NnIn-’mc- oX- nI- f- n¬ D]- tbmK- - n°- p∂- p≠- v. Iym≥kd- n\- ph- sc tX≥ Huj-[-am- bn-°-gn-™p. IqSmsX izmk-tIm-i-kw-_-‘-amb tcmK-߃, t\{X-tcm-K-߃, hb‰- nse AkpJ- ß- ƒ, aq{Xmi- b- t- cmK- ß- ƒ, lrt{ZmK- w, sImfk- tv {Smƒ, c‡-42 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

kΩ- ¿±w, A]k- av mc- w XpSßn At\Iw tcmK-ß-fpsS tam¨ (alarm pheromone) aqew a‰v tX\o®Ifpwim¥nbv°v tX≥ {]Xnh- n[- nb- mWv. {]IrXn NnIn’m i{Xphns\ B{Ian°p∂p. Hcn°¬ IpØp∂tI{μ-ß-fn¬ tX≥ Ahn`m-PyLS-I-am-Wv. ico-c- the°mcn Cu® AXns‚ hnjkqNnbpw, A\p_‘Ønse Zp¿tΩ-Z v C√m-Xm°n AanX -hÆw Ipd- `mKßfpw i{Xphns‚ icocØn¬ Dt]£n°p∂p.bv°p-∂-Xn\v tX≥ D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. {]Xn-tcm-[- B{Ian°p∂ the°mcn Cu®Iƒ NØpt]mIpw.tijn h¿≤n∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Btcm-Ky-Øn\pw Dt∑- c≠mgvN {]mbap≈ the°mcn Cu®bnemWvjØ- n\pw tX≥ hfsc ^e{- ]Z- a- mWv. IqSmsX Hm¿Ω- G‰hpw IqSpX¬ hnjw D≠mbncn°p∂Xv. Nh¿∏p-i‡n Iq´p-∂-Xn\pw _p≤n-hn-Im-k-Øn\pw tX≥ cp-Nn-bp≈ tX\o-®- hnjw £mckz`m-h-ap≈ amwky-DØ-a-a-t{X. Xz°ns‚ Btcm-Ky-Øn\pw Npfnh- pI- fpw am-Wv. hnhn-[-Xcw s]]vss‰-Up-Iƒ Bb sa√n-‰n≥IdpØ ]mSpIfpw \o°n \ndhpw kuμc- yhpw h¿≤n- (40-50%), A∏m-an≥ (3%), lnÃm-an≥, tUm]m-an≥,∏n-°p∂Xn\pw tX≥ klm-b-I-am-Wv. C∂v _yq´n an\n-ssa≥, Akn-ssX-t\-kv XpS-ßn-bh CXn¬]m¿e-dp-I-fn¬ tX\ns‚ D]-tbmKw Gdn-bn-´p≠v. {][m\s∏-´-h-bm-Wv. sslt{Um-t¢m-dnIv Bkn-Uv,AXm-bXv tX≥ Huj-[-ambpw Blm-c-ambpw Hcp- t^manIv BknUv, kƒ^¿, Im¬kyw, tIm∏¿, a·o-kuμ- c- yk- wh¿≤I hkXv ph- mbpw D]t- bmK- n°mw. jyw, F≥sska- pIƒ XpSß- n ]Xn-s\-´n-e-[nIw LS- I-߃ tX\o® hnj-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v.tX\o® hnj NnIn’- tX\o® hnjNnIn-’bn¬ Poh-\p≈ tX\o-® -Isfs°m≠v hfsc IrXyX- t- bmsS icoc `mKß- f- n¬ tX\o® hnjw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ NnIn-’m-co- t\cn´v IpØn-®pw tX\o-®-I-fn¬\n∂pw hnjw kw`-XnbmWv tX\o® hnj-Nn-In’ AYhm _o sh\w cn®v B hnjw acp∂mbn D]t- bmK- n®pw BWv sh\wsXdm∏n. i{Xp°fn¬ \n∂pw c£t\Sp∂Xn\p≈ sXdm∏- n- sN-øp-∂-Xv. dpamt‰mbnUv B¿ss{X‰nkv{]IrXn ZØamb am¿§amWv tX\o® hnjw. AYhm k‘nhmXØn\v tX\o® hnjw DØaamWv.the°mcn Cu®IfpsS DZcØnep≈ hnj{KŸn k‘nhm-X-Øns‚ {][m\ e£-W-߃ k‘n-I-fn-bmWv tX\o® hnjw D¬∏mZn∏n°p∂Xv. {KŸnsb ep≈ thZ\- bpw \ocpw (ho°w) \S°- m\pw ap´p- aS- °- pIqSmsX hnj k©nbpw, hnj kqNnbpw CXns‚ h-m\pw D≈ {]bm-khp-am-Wv. \ΩpsS c‡-Ønse`mKßfmW.v B{Ian°s∏Sp∂p F∂v tXm∂ptºmƒ \yqt{Sm-^n-ep-Iƒ D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂Xpw \ocn\v Imc-kzc£bv°mbn the°mcn Cu®Iƒ, i{Xphns\ Wa- mI- p∂- X- pa- mb kq∏¿ HmIvsskU- pI- f- psS D¬∏m-B{Ian°p∂p. IqSmsX Ah D¬∏mZn∏n°p∂ s^tdm Z\w XS™psIm≠v tX\o-®-hnjw Hcp B‚n C≥^vfta-‰dn GP‚mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS ico-c-Øn¬ ImWp∂ A{Un-\m-en≥ {KŸn-bn¬ \n∂pw D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ Ãntdm-bn-UmWv tIm¿´n- tkmƒ. CXv \ocn-s\ -Ip-d-bv°p-∂-Xn\v klm-bn- °p∂- p. CtX kabw tX\o® hnj-Ønse saen-‰n≥ F∂ LSIw ]n‰yq´- dn {KŸnb- n¬ \n∂pw A{Unt\m tIm¿´nt°mt{Sm]nIv tlm¿tam-Wns‚ D¬∏m-Z\w XzcnX- s- ∏S- pØ- p∂- p. A{Unt\m tIm¿´nt°m t{Sm]nIv tlm¿tamW- ns‚ Afh- mWv tIm¿´nt- kmf- ns‚ D¬∏m- Z\w \nb-{¥n-°p-∂Xv. Cßs\ tX\o® hnjw ico- c-Ønse/k‘n-I-fnse \o¿s°´v Ipd-bv°p-∂-Xv, klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsSbmWv B¿ss{X-‰n-kns\ Ipd- P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 43

bv°p∂- X- n\v klmb- I- a- mI- p∂- Xv. tX\o®- h- njØnep- hnjw ]cym-]vX-am-sW∂v imkv{Xw AwKo-I-cn-®n-cn-≈ saen‰- n≥ F∂ LSIw F®v.sF.hn. sshd-kp °p-∂p. Nn°≥Kp-\n-b, U¶n-∏-\n, F®v˛1 F≥˛1,Isf \in∏n°- p∂- X- n\v {]m]Xv a- mb- h- b- ms- W∂v ]pXnb Nn°≥t]m-Ivkv, lrt{Zm-Kw, hmX-tcm-K-߃, Xz°v\ocn£- W ]co£- W- ß- f- ne- qsS Is≠Øn-bn-´p-≠v. tcmK-߃, Iym≥k¿, FbvUvkv F∂o tcmK-߃ s°-Xnsc Cu acp∂v hfsc ^e-{]-Z-am-Wv. Cw•- tX\o® hnjw tiJcn°p∂Xn\v Bhiyamb ≠nse Nmƒkv cmP-Ip-am-cs‚ ]Xv\n Imane kuμ-D]IcW߃ e`yamWv. 1963 ¬ s_≥ tSm¨ F∂ cy-h¿≤-\-hn\v tX\o® hnj-amWv D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-imkv{X⁄≥ sshZypX DtØP\w D]tbmKn®v sX∂v ]{X-߃ dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXn-cp-∂p. tX\o®tX\o®hnjw tiJcn°msa∂v Is≠Øn. sNºv hnjw Kpfn-I-I-fmbpw Iym]vkyq-fp-I-fmbpw Hmbn≥IºnIƒ LSn∏n® s{^bnapIfneqsS sshZypXn IS sa‚p-I-fmbpw hn]-Wn-bn¬ e`y-amWv. ssek≥kp-Ønhn´mWv tX\o®sb DtØPn∏n°p∂Xv. hb¿ ≈Xpw ]cn-N-b-k-º-∂-X -t\-Sn-b-Xp-amb F∏n-sX-dm-s{^bnw Iq´nse ASn∏eItbmSv tN¿Øv hb°v p∂p. ∏n-Ãp-Iƒ am{Xsa Cu NnIn-’m-coXn sNøm≥ ]mSp-12 thmƒ´p≈ sshZypXn CXneqsS ISØnhnSp∂p. ≈q. tcmK\- n¿Æb- Ø- n\- pt- ijw IrXya- mb Afh- nepwhbdpambn sXmSp∂ the°mcn Cu®Iƒ DtØPn FÆ-Ønepw the-°mcn Cu®-I-sfs°m≠v thZ-\-∏n°s∏SpIbpw, sNºpIºnbpsS ASnbn¬ LSn∏n bp≈ `mKØv IpØn°mw. Nne¿°v tX\o®- h- nj- t- ØmSv®n´p≈ ss\tem¨ XpWnbn¬ IpØpIbpw sNøp∂p. Ae¿Pn-bp-≠mImw. NnIn-’- Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≥]v Ae¿Pn sSÃv sN-tø-≠-Xm-Wv. hnjkqNnbn¬ \n∂pw hnjw ss\tem¨ XpWnbpsS ASnbn¬ h®n´p≈ •mkvtπ‰n¬ ]Xn°p∂p.\nd-an-√mØ {ZmhI hnjw hmbp-hp-a- mbn kº¿°-Øn¬ hcp-tºmƒ ]c-ep-I-fm-Ip-∂p. CXv DWßnbtijw sNdnb {_jv D]tbmKn®v \o°w sNbvXvFSp°mw. Hcp bqtdm]y≥ tX\o®bpsS tImf\nbn¬\n∂pw 50 an√n{Kmw hnjw e`n°pw. Cßs\ hnjwtiJcn°ptºmƒ Cu® NØpt]mIp∂n√. HcpIq´n¬\n∂pw hnjw FSp°m≥ 5 an\n‰v kabwth≠n-hcpw. CXn\v Cfw a™ \nd-amWv. CXv aen-\-am-Im-sX tiJ-cn®v DW°n •mkv t_m´nep (tUm. Fkv. tZht\i≥ sh≈mbWn Im¿jnIIfnem°n {^okd- n¬ kq£n°pI. Hcp tX\o®- b- n¬ tImtf-Pnse tX\o® ]cm-KW Kth-jW tI{μ-\n∂pw GI-tZiw \qdp-ap-X¬ \q‰n AºXv Øns‚ s{]m^-kdpw ta[m-hn-bp-am-Wv. samss_¬:ssat{Im{Kmw / (0.1 an√n {Kmw) hnjw am{X-amWv 9847063300. kl-te-J-I¿ {]kvXpX tI{μ-Ønsee`n-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp {Kmw tX\o® hnjØn\v GItZiw Xs∂ Kth-j-Icpw Kth-jW klm-bn-I-fp-am-Wv)50˛60 tUmf¿ hsc hnebp≠v. z hnhn-[-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ tX\o® hnj-Øns‚ D¬∏mZ- \w Ds≠¶- nepw ssN\ ap∂n´v \n¬°p∂p. c≠m-bncw h¿j-߃°v apºp apX¬ ssN\-bn¬ CuNnIn-’m-coXn \ne-hn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p. a\p-jy¿°p-≠m-Ip∂ sshdkv AS-°-ap≈ tcmKm-Wp-°sf \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v tX\o®44 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

kn. an\nFkv. Fkv. A¿®\]n. B¿. KoXm-e£van\mw ]mgm-°n-°-f-bp∂ ]g-h¿§-ß-fn¬ {][m-\- ´nIv Uossl-t{U-j≥' F∂ kmt¶-XnI hnZy hgn Iip-am-ß-bn¬ \n∂p≈ ]pXn-sbmcp D¬∏∂w hnI-amWv Iip-am-ß. PohIw kn sIm≠v kºp-jvS-amb kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.Iip-am-ß D]-tbm-Kn®v [mcmfw aqeyh¿≤nXD¬∏∂-߃ ˛ kvIzmjv, knd-∏v, Pmw, A®m¿, F¥mWv Hmkvtam-´nIv Uossl-t{U-j≥ ?B¿. Sn. Fkv., Iym≥Un, ssh≥ F∂n-h tIcfIm¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-ime ]pd-Øn-d-°n-bn-´p-≠v. kwkv°-cW cwKsØ \qX-\-amb Hcp kmt¶-F∂m¬ Cu aqeyh¿≤nX D¬∏-∂-߃°v A¿ln- XnI hnZybmWv Hmkvtam-´nIv Uossl-t{U-j≥°p∂ {]Nmcw e`n-®n-´n√. aqey-h¿≤nX D¬∏-∂- AYhm Hmkvtam ˛ Uossl-t{U-j≥. Hmkvtam-´nIv߃°v {]m[m-\y-ta-dp∂ C∂sØ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ emb\n D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ Hcp DW-°¬ {]{In-b-bm-Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-imebpsS Iogn-ep≈ sh≈m- Wn-Xv. DW-t°-≠p∂ ]g-ß-tfm, ]®-°-dn-ItfmbWn Im¿jnI tImtf-Pnse t{]mk-knwKv tbmPn® Hmkvtam´- nIv emb\nIfn¬ \n›nX kabwsSIvt\mfPn hn`mKw, tIcf imkv{X kmt¶-XnI ap°nshbv°p-∂p. CXp-hgn Dt±iw 50 iX-am-\-hIp-∏ns‚ kmº-ØnI klm-b-tØmsS \"Hmkvtam- tØmfw sh≈w \jvS-am-Ipw. km[m-c-W-bmbn ]g- P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 45

߃°v ]©-km-c, tX≥ XpS-ßnb emb-\n-Itfm hb°v p∂ kabw F∂nh- s- b√mw Xs∂ Hmkvtam´- nIv]®-°-dn-Iƒ°v D∏p emb-\ntbm BWv Hmkvtam-´nIv Uossl-t{U-js\ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ LS-I-ß-fm-Wv.emb\nbmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dv. Cßs\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ emb-\n-bnse eh-W-߃ (solutes) apßn-°n- Iipa- mß- b- psS Hmktv am Uosslt- {Uj- ≥S-°p∂ ]gw/]®-°-dn-Ifnte°pw ]g-ß-fnepw ]®- kmt¶X- nIhnZy°-dn-Ifnepw AS-ßn-bn-´p≈ sh≈w XncnsIHmkvtam-´nIv emb\nbnte°pw k©-cn-°p-∂Xp hgn- Iipa- mß- b- psS Hmktv am´- nIv Uosslt- {Uj- \n¬bmWv Cu sh≈w \jvS-am-Iepw DW-°epw ta¬∏-d™ LS-I-߃ Fßs\ kzm[o-\n-°p∂pkm[yam-Ip-∂-Xv. _m°n-bp≈ Cu¿∏w kqcy-{]-Im- F∂ hni-Z-amb ]T-\-߃ \S-ØnbXn\p tij-i-Øn-s‚tbm {Ub-dp-Ifp-s- Stbm klm-b-Øm¬ amWv Iip-am-ß-bpsS Hmkvtam-´nIv Uossl-t{U-Ipd®v 10-˛15 iX-am-\w hsc Bbn {Iao-I-cn-°p-∂p. js‚ kmt¶-XnIhnZy sh≈m-bWn Im¿jnIa‰v DW-°¬ coXn-Isf At]-£n-®v, Hmkvtam-´nIv tImtf-Pn¬ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv.Uossl-t{U-j≥ hgn DW-°p-∂Xp sIm≠v D¬∏-∂-ß-fnse Pemwiw Ipd-bp-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm∏w ]©- Hmktv am´- nIv Uosslt- {Uj- ≥ hgn Iipa- mß-kmc/D∏v F∂nh- b- psS emb\n hgnb- p≈ Hcp A[nI DW°ns- bS- p°- p∂- X- n\v \mev L´ß- f- p≠- .vkwc-£-Whpw Cu D¬∏-∂-Øn\v e`y-am-Ip-∂p. D∏v,]©-km-c, tX≥ XpS-ßnb ]Zm¿∞-߃ ¢mkv˛1 1. Iip-am-ß Xøm-dm-°-¬C\-Ønse kwc-£I hkvXp-°-fm-Wv. 2. tX≥ Xøm-dm-°-¬ Xncs- ™S- pØ Hmkvtam´- nIv emb\- nb- psS C\w,km{μ-X, Dujvam-hv, ]gw/]®-°-dn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p∂ 3. Iip-am-ß tX\n¬ ap°n-bn-S¬coXn, Ah-bpsS L\w, Ch emb-\n-bn¬ ap°n 4. Iip-am-ß D-W-°n-sb-Sp-°¬ Nn{Xß- ƒ 1 apX¬ 9 hsc {i≤n°- pI. • KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ \√ ]gpØ Iip-am-ß IgpIn hrØn-bm-°nb tijw 10 an√n-ao-‰¿ I\-ap≈ sNdnb Ij-W-ß-fm°n Acn™v Xnf® sh≈- Øn¬ 30 sk°‚ v ap°n-sh®v Id- I-f-bp-I. • ip≤a- mb tX≥, sh≈w tN¿Øv 60° km{μX- b- p≈ emb-\n-bm°n am‰nb tijw 50°C Dujvam-hn¬ NqSm°n Hmkvtam-´nIv emb-\n- Xøm-dm-°p-I. • Id If™p h®nc- n°- p∂ Iipa- mß- m IjW- ß- ƒ, Xøm-dm-°nb tX≥ emb-\n-bn¬ 24 aWn-°q¿ ap°n hbv°pI. • 24 aWn°- q¿ Ign™v Cu Iipa- mß- m IjW- ß- ƒ ]pds- ØS- pØv IgpI- ns- bS- p°- pI- . sh≈w hm¿Øp If™ tijw BZyw kqcy{- ]I- mi- Ø- nepw ]n∂oSv {Ub-dp-I-fnepw h®v DW-°n-sb-Sp-°p-I. • 10˛15% Cu¿∏w hsc DW-°n-sb-SpØ Iip-am-ßm IjW- ß- ƒ ss\{SP- ≥ \nd® emant- \‰- Uv Ihd- p-46 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015

Nn{X-߃ 1 ˛ 9 : Iip-am-ß-bpsS Hmkvtam-´nIv Uossl-t{U-j≥ kmt¶-XnI hnZybpsS hnhn[ L´-߃1. KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ Iip-amß 2. 10 an.-an. I\-ap≈ IjW-ß-fm-°pI3. Xnf-®-sh-≈-Øn¬ ap°n-sb-Sp-°pI 4. tX≥ emb\n Xøm-dm-°pI5. Iip-amß tX≥ emb\nbn¬ ap°n-sh-bv°pI 6. IgpIn hrØn-bm-°pI7. DW-°pI 8. Ih-dn-em°n kw`-cn-®p-sh-bv°pI P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 47

‘\mw ]mgm-°n-°-f-bp∂ ]g-h¿§-ß-fn¬ bqt^m¿_nb anenGsd ap∂n-emWv C∂pw Iip-am-ß-bpsSÿm\w. PohIw kn sIm≠v kºp-jvS-ambIip-am-ß D]-tbm-Kn®v [mcmfw aqeyh¿≤nXD¬∏∂-߃ tIcf Im¿jnI k¿Δ-I-em-ime ]pd-Øn-d-°n-bn-´p-≠v. AXn\v DZm-l-c-W-ß-fmWv kvIzmjv, knd-∏v, Pmw, A®m¿, B¿.Sn. Fkv., Iym≥Un, ssh≥ F∂n-h. F∂m¬Cu aqeyh¿≤nX D¬∏-∂-߃°v A¿ln-°p∂ {]Nmcw e`n-®n-´n√ F∂Xv as‰mcphkvXp-X-bm-Wv. ’ 9. Xøm-dm-°nb D¬∏∂w \ΩpsS ]qt¥m´- ß- f- n¬ `wKnt- bd- nb ]q°f- pa- mbn \"bqt^m¿_nb' F∂ t]cn¬ Adnb- s- ∏S- p∂ Hcp sNSnb- p≠- v. an°h- mdpw sNSn®- ´- nI- f- ne- mWv Chsb If- n¬ ]mbv°v sNøpI- . Cu D¬∏∂w Cu hn[w hf¿Ømd- p≈- X- v. Xqsh≈ apX¬ ISpw Nph∏v hsc hnhn[ h¿Æß- f- n¬ 6 amk-tØmfw tISp-Iq-SmsX kw`-cn®p hbv°m- Ch Ght- cbpw BI¿jn®v \nes- Im≈- p∂- p. \"\"bqt^m¿_nt- bkntb'' kky- \m-Ipw.- Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬s]´ bqt^m¿_nb anen (Euphorbia milii) F∂ imkv{X- h-fsc kzmtZ-dnb Cu D¬∏∂w Cu¥-∏-gw, \ma- a- p≈ Cu ]qs®Sn \ΩpsS an°h- mdpw hoSpI- f- ne- p≠- v. [mcmfw ap≈pI- -sNdn, Syq´n {^q´n apX-emb D¬∏-∂-߃°v ]I-c- fp-≈-Xp-sIm≠v Cw•o-jn¬ \"\"Crown of thorns'' (apƒ°n-co-Sw) F∂mWvambn tI°v, _nkv°-‰v, \m≥ISvkv F∂n-h-bn¬ t]c!v ImS≥ bqt^m¿_nb anen \"apƒ°nc- oS- w' X- s∂bmbnc- p∂- nc- n°- Ww! ]t£,D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\m-Ipw. Hcp Intem Hmkvtam Uossl- C∂p-In-´p-∂-h-sb√mw ap≈v Ipd-™-hbpw at\m-l-c-ß-fp-am-Wv. Cßs\t{U‰Uv Iip-am-ß-bpsS \n¿ΩmW Nnehv ]mt°- F√m-h-cp-tSbpw \"\"Hma-\-''bmbn \n¬°p-tºm-gmWv Ai-\n-]m-Xw-t]mse CuPnßv Dƒs∏sS GI-tZiw 280 cq]-bm-Wv. bqt^m¿_nb Im≥k¿- D≠m°- p∂- X- mWv Fs∂mcp InwhZ- ¥n {]Nc- n°- p∂- X- .v tI´-]mXn tIƒ°mØ ]mXn `b-hn-lz-e-cmb P\-߃ Iq´-tØmsS Ch C∂v \mw ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]mgm°n°f-bp∂ Iip- ]ngpX- pI- f- b- m\pw XpSß- n. ]n∂oS- mWv A_≤w a\ - ne- mh- p∂- X- .v hn√≥ as‰mcpamß CØc- Ø- n¬ DW°- ns- bS- pØv kq£n°- p∂- Xv bqt^m¿_nb Bbn-cp∂p!Iipa- mß Irjn sNøp∂ I¿jI- ¿°pw kwk°v -cW cwKsØ kwcw-`-I¿°pw Gsd {]tbm-P-\ bYm¿∞Ø- n¬ Ipg∏- °- mc- ≥ \"\"bqt^m¿_nb Xncp°- ≈n' (Euphorbia-{]-Z-am-Wv. thirucalli) F∂ s]≥kn¬s®S- nb- mW- .v B{^n°- ≥ cmPyß- f- nse 14 hb - n\p Xmsg-bp≈ Ip´n-I-fn¬ I≠p-h-cp∂ _¿°‰vkv enwt^ma Im≥k-dns‚ ImcWw EB sshdk- pI- f- ms- W∂v (Eptein Barr Virus) Adnh- p≠- v. a\pj- y- i-co-c-Ønse {]Xn-tcm[ tImi-ß-fn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ Im≥k-dmWv _¿°‰vkv enwt^ma. ate-dnb _m[n-X taJ-e-I-fnse a\p-jy-cn¬ EB sshd-kp-Iƒ km[mc- W- a- msW¶nepw Ahsb DtØP- n∏- n°- p∂ Fs¥¶- nepw icoc- Ø- n¬ IS∂- m¬ EB sshdk- pI- ƒ- {]Xnt- cm[ tImiß- sf A\nb- {- ¥nX- a- mbn hnLS- n- ∏n°- pI- bpw Im≥kdkv Bbn amdpI- bpw sNøp∂- p. B{^n°- ≥ ImSpI- f- n¬ km[m-cW ImWm-dp≈ H∂mWv bqt^m¿_nb Xncp-°-≈n. s]≥kn-ens‚ BIrX- nb- n¬ ]®Ø- ≠- pa- mbn \n¬°p∂ Cu sNSn apdn®- m¬ ]m¬°d HgpIp- ∂Xv ImWmw. Xncp-°-≈n-bpsS ]m¬°-dbv°v enwt^ma Im≥k¿ D≠m- °m\p≈ Ignh- ps- ≠∂v Atac- n°- b- nse an®nK- ¨ bqWnt- hg- vkn‰- nb- nse imkv{X⁄- c- mWv I≠p]nS- n®- Xv. Cu sNSnb- pa- mbn ASpØ- nS- ]- g- I- p∂ Ip´n- IfnemWv Cu Im≥k¿ D≠m-Im-\p≈ km[y-X-bp-≈-Xv. B{^n°- ≥ kmlN- c- ya- √ tIcf- Ø- n¬. s]≥kn¬ sNSn Ae¶- mc- s- ®- Snb- mbn hf¿Øp∂ ioew \ap°- n√- . CXpI- mW- md- p≈- Xv t_m´Wn Un∏m¿´v sa‚pI- f- n¬ \"\"^nt√m¢- mU- n''s‚ tamUe- mb- mW- v. Xncp°- ≈- nb- psS Iºps- ]m- ´n®v ]m¬°d D≈n¬sN√- p∂ kmlN- cyw Hgnh- mb- m¬ t]Snt- °≠ Imcya- n√- . {]tXyIw {i≤n°- pI- : \"\"bqt^m¿_nb'' F∂nd- nb- s- ∏S- p∂ \"\"{Iu¨ Hm^v tXm¨kv '' F∂ sNSn°v Im≥kd- pa- mbn Hcp _‘-hp-an√!(tUm. an\n kn. sh≈m-bWn Im¿jnI tImtfPv (Nn{X-ßfpw Ipdn∏pw : tUm. kn. tPm¿÷v tXmakv)s{]mk nwKv sSIvt\m-fPn hn`mKw ta[m-hnbmWv.samss_¬ : 9447281300) z48 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 2015 bqt^m¿_nb Xncp-°≈n