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Home Explore Kể chuyện về kim loại

Kể chuyện về kim loại

Published by hd-thcamthuong, 2023-07-31 13:48:34

Description: Kể chuyện về kim loại

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Ch\u1eb3ng\tbao\tl\u00e2u\tsau\tchi\u1ebfn\ttranh,\td\u01b0\tlu\u1eadn\t\u1ea7m\t\u0129\tv\u1ec1\ts\u1ef1\tqu\u00fd\tgi\u00e1\tc\u1ee7a\tziriconi\t\u0111\u00e3\tb\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\tn\u1ed5i\tl\u00ean,\tn\u00ean\tc\u00e1c\tb\u00e3i\tth\u1ea3i\tn\u00e0y\t\u0111\u00e3\ttr\u1edf\tth\u00e0nh\tnh\u1eefng\tmi\u1ebfng\tm\u1ed3i\tb\u00e9o\tb\u1edf. \t Hi\u1ec7n\tnay,\tc\u00e1c\tm\u1ecf\tl\u1edbn\tkim\tlo\u1ea1i\tqu\u00fd\tb\u00e1u\tn\u00e0y\t\u0111ang\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\tkhai\tth\u00e1c\t\u1edf\tM\u1ef9, Australia,\tBraxin,\t\u1ea4n\t\u0110\u1ed9,\tc\u00e1c\tn\u01b0\u1edbc\tt\u00e2y\tPhi.\tLi\u00ean\tX\u00f4\tc\u0169ng\tc\u00f3\t\u0111\u00e1ng\tk\u1ec3\ttr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\tnguy\u00ean\tli\u1ec7u\tziriconi.\tC\u00e1t\t\u1edf\tven\tb\u1edd\tbi\u1ec3n\tth\u01b0\u1eddng\tl\u00e0\tqu\u1eb7ng\tziriconi\tr\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.\tCh\u1eb3ng\th\u1ea1n\t\u1edf\tAustralia,\tsa\tkho\u00e1ng\tziricon\ttr\u1ea3i\td\u00e0i\tsu\u1ed1t\tg\u1ea7n\t150\tkil\u00f4met d\u1ecdc\ttheo\tb\u1edd\t\u0111\u1ea1i\td\u01b0\u01a1ng.\tG\u1ea7n\t\u0111\u00e2y,\t\u1edf\tph\u1ea7n\tph\u00eda\tt\u00e2y\tc\u1ee7a\tl\u1ee5c\t\u0111\u1ecba\tn\u00e0y,\tc\u00e1ch\tth\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1\tMicatarra\tkh\u00f4ng\txa,\tnh\u00f3m\tsinh\tvi\u00ean\t\u0111\u1ecba\tch\u1ea5t\t\u0111i\tkh\u1ea3o\ts\u00e1t\tl\u00f2ng\ts\u00f4ng\tkh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u1ed9t\tcon\ts\u00f4ng\tm\u00e0\tx\u01b0a\tkia\tt\u1eebng\tch\u1ea3y\tqua\t\u0111\u00e2y\tt\u1eebng\tph\u00e1t\thi\u1ec7n\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng\ttinh\tth\u1ec3\tziricon\ttrong\tc\u00e1c\t\u0111\u00e1\tthu\u1ed9c\tlo\u1ea1i\tsa\tth\u1ea1ch\tb\u1ecb\tphong\th\u00f3a.\t\u0110\u00f3\tl\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\ttinh\tth\u1ec3\tziricon\tc\u1ed5\tnh\u1ea5t\ttr\u00ean\ttr\u00e1i\t\u0111\u1ea5t.\tC\u00e1c\tnh\u00e0\t\u0111\u1ecba\tv\u1eadt\tl\u00fd\t\u1edf\ttr\u01b0\u1eddng\t\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc\tqu\u1ed1c\tgia\tCanb\u01a1r\u01a1\t\u0111\u00e3\t\u0111i\t\u0111\u1ebfn\tk\u1ebft\tlu\u1eadn\tn\u00e0y\tsau\tkhi\tx\u00e1c\t\u0111inh\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\tr\u1eb1ng, tu\u1ed5i\tc\u1ee7a\tc\u00e1c\t\u0111\u1ed1m\tziricon\tt\u00ecm\tth\u1ea5y\t\u1edf\t\u0111\u00e2y\tl\u00e0\tv\u00e0o\tkho\u1ea3ng\t4,1\t-\t4,2\tt\u1ec9\tn\u0103m,\tngh\u0129a l\u00e0\tch\u00fang\tgi\u00e0\th\u01a1n\tv\u00e0i\ttri\u1ec7u\tn\u0103m\tso\tv\u1edbi\tkho\u00e1ng\tth\u1ec3\tm\u00e0\tkhoa\th\u1ecdc\t\u0111\u00e3\tbi\u1ebft\ttr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.\tN\u00f3i\tc\u00e1ch\tkh\u00e1c,\tziricon\tt\u00ecm\tth\u1ea5y\t\u1edf\tAustralia\t\u0111\u00e3\txu\u1ea5t\thi\u1ec7n\tv\u00e0o\tkho\u1ea3ng\t300 -\t400\ttri\u1ec7u\tn\u0103m\tsau\tkhi\th\u00e0nh\ttinh\tc\u1ee7a\tch\u00fang\tta\tra\t\u0111\u1eddi."]


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