Hãy trả lời em Tại sao? Tập 8

["N\u0103m 1660, khi ch\u1ec9 24 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u Newton \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng l\u0103ng k\u00ednh ba m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quang ph\u1ed5. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Newton b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean th\u1ec3. N\u0103m 1672 Newton tr\u00f2n 30 tu\u1ed5i ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1ed1ng nh\u00f2m thi\u00ean v\u0103n ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb chuy\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, Newton li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t? T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tinh quay chung quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. B\u1eb1ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, Newton ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 ba v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a Kepler, t\u00ecm ra quan h\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c h\u00fat l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt t\u1ecf r\u00f5 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 song, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thi\u00ean th\u1ec3. Newton c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1eadt to l\u1edbn, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n. Newton c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean vai c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\u201d. 70 B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh Herschel? William Herschel (1738-1822) l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi cha 150","c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh\u201d. T\u1eeb b\u00e9 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau th\u00edch \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, v\u1ec1 sau \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa chuy\u1ec3n sang quang h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 tay tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1773 \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thi\u00ean v\u0103n, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ea5y k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thi\u00ean v\u0103n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1eafc quan c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. N\u0103m 1799 \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quan tr\u1eafc b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cb\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 sao \u0111\u00f4i\u201d c\u00f3 269 c\u1eb7p sao; ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1781 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ch\u00f2m sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng; n\u0103m 1783 \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quan tr\u1eafc ch\u00f2m sau Tinh v\u00e2n; n\u0103m 1783, trong khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a sao Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng; n\u0103m 1789 \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra hai v\u1ec7 tinh c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ed5. Do nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u00edch xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh \u0111\u00e3 trao gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u00f4ng. N\u0103m 1821, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0ng gia Anh. Caroline Herschel (1750-1848) l\u00e0 em g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a William Herschel. Ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb anh trai b\u00e0 c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c sang y\u00eau th\u00edch thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. B\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi anh quan tr\u1eafc, ghi ch\u00e9p, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u, c\u00f9ng anh trai theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ng\u00e0nh thi\u00ean v\u0103n su\u1ed1t 50 n\u0103m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 n\u1eef thi\u00ean v\u0103n ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t. Ri\u00eang b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 sao ch\u1ed5i v\u00e0 14 tinh v\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1eafc do anh ru\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i... Do nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn, b\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng 151","v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. Jean Herschel (1792-1871) l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a William Her- schel. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 24 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. N\u0103m 24 tu\u1ed5i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebf th\u1eeba cha nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. N\u0103m 1826, do th\u00e0nh t\u00edch quan tr\u1eafc c\u1eb7p sao r\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eb7ng gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh. N\u0103m 1836, do quan tr\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh v\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u00f2m sao \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh t\u00edch n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i n\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh Her- schel c\u00f3 ba nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i. 71 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao. Sao l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung, ng\u00f4i sao c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh (ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i) theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean do nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Hy L\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf ph\u00eda sau t\u00ean ch\u00f2m sao t\u1eeb s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i cho \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh 152","\u1edf trong m\u1ed9t ch\u00f2m sao. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00f2m G\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf \u03b1 (t\u1ee9c sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c), ch\u00f2m Th\u1ee3 s\u0103n \u03b2 (t\u1ee9c nh\u00f3m 7 sao)... N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00f2m sao n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 24 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Hy L\u1ea1p th\u00ec th\u00eam ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean ch\u00f2m sao. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 sao 61 ch\u00f2m Thi\u00ean nga, sao 71 ch\u00f2m Th\u1ecf tr\u1eddi... \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ch\u00fang v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n chia b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi sao ra 72 sao? M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong bi\u1ec3n sao bao la th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao chia th\u00e0nh \u201ckhu ph\u1ed1\u201d cho ch\u00fang? Tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn, ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft b\u1eaft tay t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f3 l\u1eafm. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh khu v\u1ef1c x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o, khu v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 Nam B\u1eafc Trung, khu Nam B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u khu ph\u1ed1... Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi sao c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Chia to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi sao th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1eddi, v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi d\u1ea3i Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn Nam B\u1eafc thi\u00ean c\u1ef1c... 153","Nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u1eddi sao c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i H\u1ed9i thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u0103m 1928 \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chia b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi sao th\u00e0nh 88 v\u00f9ng sao, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 88 ch\u00f2m sao. Trong 88 ch\u00f2m sao n\u00e0y, d\u1ecdc theo Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 12 ch\u00f2m sao. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: Song ng\u01b0, B\u1ea3o b\u00ecnh, Ma k\u1ebft, Nh\u00e2n m\u00e3, B\u00f2 c\u1ea1p, Thi\u00ean B\u00ecnh, X\u1eed n\u1eef, S\u01b0 t\u1eed, C\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i, Song t\u1eed, Kim ng\u01b0u, B\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, B\u1eafc b\u00e1n thi\u00ean c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 29 ch\u00f2m sao. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: ch\u00f2m G\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf, ch\u00f2m G\u1ea5u l\u1edbn, ch\u00f2m Thi\u00ean long, ch\u00f2m Thi\u00ean c\u1ea7m, ch\u00f2m Thi\u00ean \u01b0ng, ch\u00f2m Thi\u00ean nga, ch\u00f2m V\u0169 ti\u00ean, ch\u00f2m H\u1ea3i tr\u1ee5c, ch\u00f2m Thi\u00ean ti\u1ec5n, ch\u00f2m Ti\u1ec3u m\u00e3, ch\u00f2m H\u1ed3 ly, ch\u00f2m Phi m\u00e3, ch\u00f2m H\u1ea1t h\u1ed5, ch\u00f2m B\u1eafc ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00f2m C\u1ef1 x\u00e0, ch\u00f2m S\u01b0 t\u1eed con, ch\u00f2m Ch\u00f2m sao Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1o 12 1. Song ng\u01b0\t m\u00e3\t 5. B\u00f2 c\u1ea1p 8. S\u01b0 t\u1eed\t Kim ng\u01b0u\t 12. B\u1ea1ch 2. B\u1ea3o b\u00ecnh\t 6. Thi\u00ean b\u00ecnh\t 9. C\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i\t 1 0 . d\u01b0\u01a1ng 3. Ma k\u1ebft\t 4. Nh\u00e2n7. X\u1eed n\u1eef\t\t Song t\u1eed\t 1 1 . 154","Ch\u00f2m sao th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a 1. Ch\u00f2m sao \u0111\u00eam xu\u00e2n \t (a. Ch\u00f2m g\u1ea5u l\u1edbn; b. Ch\u00f2m g\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf; c. Ch\u00f2m s\u01b0 t\u1eed) 2. Ch\u00f2m sao \u0110\u00eam h\u00e8 \t (a. Sao \u0110\u00e0n tr\u1eddi; b. Ch\u00f2m B\u00f2 c\u1ea1p tr\u1eddi; c. Ch\u00f2m Thi\u00ean nga) 3. Ch\u00f2m sao \u0110\u00eam thu \t (a. Ch\u00f2m Ti\u00ean h\u1eadu; b. Ch\u00f2m Ti\u00ean n\u1eef; c. Ch\u00f2m Phi m\u00e3) 4. Ch\u00f2m sao \u0110\u00eam \u0111\u00f4ng \t (a. Ch\u00f2m Th\u1ee3 s\u0103n; b. Ch\u00f2m Kim ng\u01b0u; c. Ch\u00f2m Song t\u1eed) 155","Ch\u00f3 s\u0103n, ch\u00f2m H\u1eadu ph\u00e1t, ch\u00f2m M\u1ee5c phu, ch\u00f2m Thi\u00ean mi\u00eau, ch\u00f2m H\u00e0m phu, ch\u00f2m Ti\u1ec3u khuy\u1ec3n, ch\u00f2m Tam gi\u00e1c, ch\u00f2m Ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00f2m Ti\u00ean h\u1eadu, ch\u00f2m Ti\u00ean n\u1eef, ch\u00f2m Anh ti\u00ean, ch\u00f2m Th\u1ee3 s\u0103n, ch\u00f2m L\u01b0 \u0111i\u00eau. B\u00e1n thi\u00ean c\u1ea7u nam c\u00f3 47 nh\u00f3m sao: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Loa k\u00e8n, nh\u00f3m Nh\u1ea1n tr\u1eddi, nh\u00f3m Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n, nh\u00f3m \u0110i\u00eau c\u1ee5, nh\u00f3m \u0110\u1ea1i khuy\u1ec3n, nh\u00f3m \u0110\u00e1y thuy\u1ec1n, nh\u00f3m B\u00e1n nh\u00e2n m\u00e3, nh\u00f3m C\u00e1 k\u00ecnh, nh\u00f3m Th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n, nh\u00f3m Vi\u00ean quy, nh\u00f3m B\u1ed3 c\u00e2u tr\u1eddi, nh\u00f3m Thi\u00ean mi\u1ec7n, nh\u00f3m Qu\u1ea1 \u0111en, nh\u00f3m C\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00f3m Ch\u1eef th\u1eadp nam, nh\u00f3m Ki\u1ebfm ng\u01b0, nh\u00f3m Ba giang, nh\u00f3m B\u1ebfp tr\u1eddi, nh\u00f3m H\u1ea1t tr\u1eddi, nh\u00f3m Th\u1eddi trung, nh\u00f3m R\u1eafn d\u00e0i, nh\u00f3m R\u1eafn n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00f3m Anh-\u0111i\u00eang, nh\u00f3m Th\u1ecf tr\u1eddi, nh\u00f3m Ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i, nh\u00f3m Thi\u00ean \u00e1ng, nh\u00f3m K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, nh\u00f3m K\u1ef3 l\u00e2n, nh\u00f3m Ru\u1ed3i nh\u1eb7ng, nh\u00f3m Th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee3, nh\u00f3m Nam c\u1ef1c, nh\u00f3m R\u1eafn \u0111\u1ef1c, nh\u00f3m Chim c\u00f4ng, nh\u00f3m Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng, nh\u00f3m Gi\u00e1 v\u1ebd, nh\u00f3m Nam ng\u01b0, nh\u00f3m \u0110u\u00f4i thuy\u1ec1n, nh\u00f3m La b\u00e0n, nh\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1edbi, nh\u00f3m Ng\u1ecdc phu, nh\u00f3m M\u00e2u b\u00e0i, nh\u00f3m M\u00e1y l\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n, nh\u00f3m K\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng, nh\u00f3m Tam gi\u00e1c nam, nh\u00f3m \u0110\u1ed7 quy\u00ean, nh\u00f3m Thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m, nh\u00f3m C\u00e1 bay. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m sao l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c. T\u00ean nh\u00f3m sao \u0111\u1ec1u do h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 sao s\u00e1ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, d\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean. Trong 88 nh\u00f3m sao trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 45 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 phi c\u1ea7m, m\u00e3nh th\u00fa, c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng con th\u00fa qu\u00e1i d\u1ecb 156","trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ea5y, b\u1ea1n xem l\u1ebd n\u00e0o trong b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay sao? 73 T\u1ea1i sao ng\u00f4i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao, nh\u00ecn th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ng\u00f4i sao kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. C\u00f3 c\u00e1i m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng xanh. T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1eafm m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Nguy\u00ean do m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh kh\u00e1c nhau ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea1i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho ch\u00fang \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh m\u00e0u lam \u1edf 15.0000C - 35.0000C, \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i S\u1eebng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i S\u00e2m c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3y; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng lam \u1edf 10.0000C, nh\u01b0 sao S\u00f3i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 sao Ch\u1ee9c n\u1eef...; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u1edf 7.5000C, nh\u01b0 Nam h\u00e0 3 v\u00e0 sao B\u1eafc l\u1ea1c s\u01b0 m\u00f4n...; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u00e0ng \u1edf 6.0000C nh\u01b0 Ng\u1eef xa 2...; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh m\u00e0u cam \u1edf 4.5000C nh\u01b0 sao S\u1eebng l\u1edbn..., nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u1edf 2.0000C - 3.0000C nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4i S\u00e2m 4 v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i T\u00e2m 2... B\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9? 157","Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 74 ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u (Th\u1ea5t tinh) kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i? Sao b\u1eafc c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u00f2m B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n sao quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc: \u201cPh\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i?\u201d Sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c: gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n sao trong kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao c\u1ea5p hai th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta kho\u1ea3ng 400 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. N\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c 26.000 n\u0103m trong kh\u00f4ng gian 1. Sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c\t 8. B\u1eafc ho\u00e0ng c\u1ef1c 2. B\u1eafc thi\u00ean c\u1ef1c 9. 14.000 n\u0103m sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean\t 3. Ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u\t 10. Sao Ch\u1ee9c n\u1eef 4. H\u1eefu khu 11. Ch\u00f2m Thi\u00ean nga\t 5. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean 3.000 n\u0103m 12. Thi\u00ean t\u00e2n 4 6. Ch\u00f2m G\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf 13. 7.000 n\u0103m sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean\t 7. Ch\u00f2m Thi\u00ean long\t 14. Ch\u00f2m Ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng 158","v\u1ecb \u0111o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i qua trong th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t n\u0103m v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u0111i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 300 ng\u00e0n kil\u00f4m\u00e9t, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 10 tri\u1ec7u kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i 400 n\u0103m. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 400 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 4 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ec9 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. Sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 sao s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong ch\u00f2m sao G\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 sao, n\u00f3 \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00f3t \u0111u\u00f4i c\u1ee7a G\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf. Ng\u00f4i sao n\u00e0y th\u1eadt may m\u1eafn, \u1edf t\u00edt tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c. Ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd sao c\u1ee7a ch\u00f2m sao G\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf m\u00e3i m\u00e3i nh\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i t\u00ean sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c? Hay l\u00e0 B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00f4i sao n\u00e0y?\u201d. Ng\u00f4i sao c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u tinh c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i h\u00e2m m\u1ed9, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 quay quanh tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chu k\u1ef3. Do \u0111\u00f3, B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i ch\u1ec9 ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, 4800 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 sao \u03b1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00f2m sao G\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i sao s\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong ch\u00f2m sao Thi\u00ean Long. N\u0103m 1000 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1eafc thi\u00ean c\u1ef1c) c\u00e1ch sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nay xa 6 \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nay h\u01a1n 1000 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sao \u03b1 ch\u00f2m sao G\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf h\u00e3y c\u00f2n m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 quay quanh tr\u1ee5c \u0111ang v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 15 gi\u00e2y g\u00f3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y 159","c\u00e0ng \u00edt ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng sao \u03b1 ch\u00f2m G\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2100 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch g\u00f3c gi\u1eefa B\u1eafc thi\u00ean c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 28 ph\u00fat g\u00f3c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i, B\u1eafc thi\u00ean c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch xa sao \u03b1 ch\u00f2m G\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i sao n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u00fd ngh\u0129a sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 n\u0103m sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, B\u1eafc thi\u00ean c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng sang sao \u03b3 ch\u00f2m sao Ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 14.000 n\u0103m sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, B\u1eafc thi\u00ean c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng sao \u03b1 ch\u00f2m sao \u0110\u00e0n tr\u1eddi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sao Ch\u1ee9c n\u1eef. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, sao Ch\u1ee9c n\u1eef s\u1ebd \u201cng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o\u201d ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c. Tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u di \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 26.000 n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng; \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi; v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng. Ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00f2m sao ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a thi\u00ean v\u0103n, t\u1eeb ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c, t\u00ecm ra sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. Ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc Ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong v\u00f2ng 100 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i 1. Ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u 100 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc 2. Ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7n nay 3. Ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u 100 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m sau 160","\u0111\u1ea9u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00f2m sao G\u1ea5u l\u1edbn (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u00f9ng tinh). Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 sao, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0ng v\u00e0 \u0111u\u00f4i c\u1ee7a G\u1ea5u l\u1edbn. Trong b\u1ea3y sao \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u sao l\u00e0 sao c\u1ea5p 2, m\u1ed9t sao l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p 3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn ra. Th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n hai sao s\u00e1ng trong mi\u1ec7ng sao, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec7ng sao kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m l\u1ea7n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nay. Ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y bao gi\u1edd ch\u01b0a: \u201cC\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e3i m\u00e3i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng c\u1ee5\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c?\u201d. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady! \u0110\u1ecbnh tinh trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u0169ng \u0111ang v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t cao, n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh \u0111ang bay. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh c\u00e1ch xa ch\u00fang ta v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111em sinh m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed7i ng\u00f4i sao trong ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhau, \u1edf trong kho\u1ea3ng 60-200 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Do kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c sao trong ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhau, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u00f4i sao c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y 100 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u 100 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m sau \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. 161","C\u00f3 ng\u00f4i sao n\u00e0o m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc 75 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng? T\u1eeb l\u00fac nh\u1ecf x\u00edu cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 quen m\u1eaft v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n \u0111\u1eb1ng t\u00e2y. C\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNg\u00f4i sao c\u0169ng m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00f4i sao m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ng\u00f4i sao n\u00e0o m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ng\u00f4i sao n\u00e0o m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0: do tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1ef1 quay quanh n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n t\u1eeb t\u00e2y sang \u0111\u00f4ng, ban ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng, l\u1eb7n v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y, ban \u0111\u00eam c\u0169ng v\u1eady, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi sao m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1eb7n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u00ecn l\u00ean th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m l\u00e0 do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t quay chung quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00ec tr\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 quay c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady sinh ra tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 quay chung quanh tr\u1ee5c c\u00f3 l\u00fac B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, c\u00f3 l\u00fac Nam c\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, c\u00f3 l\u00fac x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu th\u1eb3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. V\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh l\u00e0 sao \u1edf c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta xa v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n. Theo nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 quan tr\u1eafc tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c 162","r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u1edf ph\u00eda nam v\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd l\u1eb7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdc, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh c\u00f3 m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1eb7n. H\u1ec5 x\u00edch v\u0129 trong t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00ean c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 900 tr\u1eeb \u0111i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan tr\u1eafc \u0111ang \u1edf, \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 quay chung quanh B\u1eafc thi\u00ean c\u1ef1c, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u1eb7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh \u1edf b\u00e1n thi\u00ean c\u1ea7u nam h\u1ec5 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00edch v\u0129 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 900 tr\u1eeb \u0111i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan tr\u1eafc \u0111ang \u1edf, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ecdc l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ecbnh tinh n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01a1i quan tr\u1eafc \u1ea5y trong 24 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1eb7n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ecdc l\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau. 76 B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 sao Th\u1ee7y? Trong c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00ec sao Th\u1ee7y \u1edf g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t, qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o sao Th\u1ee7y r\u1ea5t d\u1eb9t, khi c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 46 tri\u1ec7u kil\u00f4m\u00e9t, khi xa nh\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 70 tri\u1ec7u kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. Do sao Th\u1ee7y c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, cho n\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb sao Th\u1ee7y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi ba l\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong kh\u00f4ng trung s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfu n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 thi\u00eau nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1t. 163","Sao Th\u1ee7y quay qua- nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u00e0 88 ng\u00e0y, sao Th\u1ee7y t\u1ef1 quay quanh m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng h\u1ebft 58,65 ng\u00e0y. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ef1 quay quanh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 quay quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 2\/3. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian sao Th\u1ee7y t\u1ef1 quay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 v\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00f3 quay hai v\u00f2ng quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 bi\u1ebft bao! T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? \u0110\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u1eefa trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ee7y \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eebng kho\u1ea3ng 2440 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 5,6% c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng 5,5% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Do th\u1ec3 t\u00edch sao Th\u1ee7y nh\u1ecf, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nhanh, l\u1ea1i \u1edf ngay s\u00e1t n\u00fat m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi sao Th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 em trai \u00fat trong c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh thu\u1ed9c gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. V\u00ec sao Th\u1ee7y c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch g\u1ea5p 10 l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. Tr\u00ean x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ee7y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fac ch\u00ednh ng\u1ecd (12 gi\u1edd tr\u01b0a) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao \u0111\u1ebfn 4270C, \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn -1730C. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 sinh v\u1eadt g\u00ec. Chung quanh sao Th\u1ee7y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c m\u1ecfng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi kh\u00ed helium, \u0111\u00f3 164","c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng sao Th\u1ee7y b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111em sao s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u0103m 1973, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u0103m d\u00f2 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 ph\u00f3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ba l\u1ea7n ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao Th\u1ee7y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao Th\u1ee7y. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao Th\u1ee7y r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00fai h\u00ecnh v\u00e0nh khuy\u00ean l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee1. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean, thung l\u0169ng, b\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba... N\u00fai h\u00ecnh khuy\u00ean tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean Sao Th\u1ee7y l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. N\u00fai h\u00ecnh khuy\u00ean tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf khu cao nguy\u00ean, c\u00f2n n\u00fai h\u00ecnh khuy\u00ean tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean sao Th\u1ee7y th\u00ec t\u1eadp trung d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t \u1edf b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean. N\u00fai h\u00ecnh khuy\u00ean tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean sao Th\u1ee7y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean. H\u01a1n 310 n\u00fai h\u00ecnh khuy\u00ean tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean sao Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Thi\u00ean v\u0103n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean. 77 B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 sao Kim? Sao Kim \u1edf v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o sao Th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 6.378 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o sao Kim l\u00e0 6.052 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sao Kim l\u00e0 1:0,81. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a sao Kim b\u1eb1ng 95% m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u1edf tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, sao Kim c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0y. Do v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi sao Kim v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hai ch\u1ecb em 165","sinh \u0111\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng sao Kim c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c xa c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n sao Kim, carbonic chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 97%. Trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n sao Kim c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e2y d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn 25 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. M\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c do s\u01b0\u01a1ng acid sulfuric \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Carbonic trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n sao Kim t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng bu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ra ngo\u00e0i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1eady, l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao Kim su\u1ed1t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf 4800C. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao Kim g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 90 l\u1ea7n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u00e1c li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 phi h\u00e0nh gia v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sao ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i. So v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, tr\u00ean sao Th\u1ee7y c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c. Sao Kim quay chung quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng kho\u1ea3ng 224,7 ng\u00e0y. T\u1ef1 quay quanh m\u00ecnh n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng kho\u1ea3ng 243 ng\u00e0y. C\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 sao Kim t\u1ef1 quay quanh tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng sang t\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean sao Kim th\u00ec th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1eb1ng t\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n \u1edf \u0111\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 166","v\u1eady ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam tr\u00ean sao Kim thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 ban \u0111\u00eam tr\u00ean sao Kim m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 59 ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1ea1i sao sao Kim kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c? \u0110\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao Kim b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 sao Th\u1ee7y, n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh th\u00ec k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c sao Kim kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao Kim. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf th\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm 65% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao Kim, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t cao chi\u1ebfm 8%. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 hai khu cao nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 Avoloptoc v\u00e0 cao nguy\u00ean Istai. Ch\u00fang l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. \u1ede khu v\u1ef1c x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o sao Kim ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y thung n\u1ee9t l\u1edbn. Tr\u00ean sao Kim c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 sinh v\u1eadt g\u00ec nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a sao Kim bao b\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a sao Kim, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sao Kim, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f3ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u00e0n che bao quanh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3. 167","78 B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 sao H\u1ecfa? \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1eb1ng 15% c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng 10,8% c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sao H\u1ecfa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 quay kho\u1ea3ng 24 gi\u1edd m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng, sao H\u1ecfa t\u1ef1 quay quanh n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u00e0 24 gi\u1edd 37 ph\u00fat. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, tr\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 quay c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c h\u01a1n 660. Tr\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 quay c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c ch\u1ebfch 66033\u2019. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m \u00fd g\u00ec? ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eady? Song, sao H\u1ecfa quay m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng 687 ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng hai n\u0103m c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f9a tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i m\u00f9a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n m\u1ecfng, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 30-40 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. Trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n 95% l\u00e0 carbonic, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t \u00edt. Khi quan tr\u1eafc sao H\u1ecfa b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thi\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y hai khu c\u1ef1c sao H\u1ecfa c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. N\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf t\u00f9y theo m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e0o c\u1ef1c. Qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n quan tr\u1eafc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n coi m\u00e0o c\u1ef1c m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean 168","v\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c, ch\u00fang g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u0103ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 b\u0103ng kh\u00f4. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfu k\u1ef3 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao sao H\u1ecfa l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf?\u201d. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ed3i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao H\u1ecfa ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft, mu\u1ed1i silicat m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m t\u1ed1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao H\u1ecfa c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00fa \u00fd. \u0110\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u1ea5y tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt m\u00e0u xanh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa. Hi\u1ec7n nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m t\u1ed1i tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecba mao B\u1eafc b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 Nam b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhau r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Nam b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u sao H\u1ecfa g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 l\u1edfm ch\u1edfm, d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00fai h\u00ecnh khuy\u00ean tr\u00f2n. C\u00f2n b\u1eafc b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn sao H\u1ecfa, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quan t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa c\u00f3 sinh v\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa c\u00f3 s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o. C\u0169ng 169","c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc thi\u00ean v\u0103n chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa c\u00f3 sinh v\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1ec1 sao H\u1ecfa ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf sao H\u1ecfa ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hoang v\u1eafng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft t\u00edch hay hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa c\u00f3 sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1976, hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c mang k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u201cViking s\u1ed1 1\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cVikinh s\u1ed1 2\u201d tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa. Hai khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa c\u00e1ch nhau 7500 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. Hai khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 sinh v\u1eadt sao H\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec. 79 B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 sao M\u1ed9c? Sao M\u1ed9c v\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ea5p 11 l\u1ea7n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch g\u1ea5p 1316 l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng 300 l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1eb1ng 2,5 l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\u201d trong h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eebng ngh\u0129 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u00f3 l\u1edbn ch\u1eafc n\u00f3 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p l\u1eafm m\u00e0 l\u1ea7m, n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 quay r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 quay c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1eafp h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh tinh. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 quay m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t 9 gi\u1edd 50 ph\u00fat 30 gi\u00e2y. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng khi m\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00f2ng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 450.000 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 quay m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn 10 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. C\u00f2n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t 170","ch\u00fang ta quay m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 24 ti\u1ebfng. Th\u1ea3o n\u00e0o qua k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thi\u00ean v\u0103n ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y sao M\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 d\u1eb9t m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec ph\u00ecnh ra. Nh\u00ecn sao M\u1ed9c qua k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thi\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1edd song song v\u1edbi x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1edbi m\u00e2y s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i \u0111an xen nhau trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n sao M\u1ed9c. Sao M\u1ed9c c\u00f3 l\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1edbi m\u00e2y c\u0169ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean quan tr\u1eafc sao M\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean Nam b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a sao M\u1ed9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ecf l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ed1m n\u00e0y s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ecf l\u1edbn h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng, d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 20 ng\u00e0n kil\u00f4m\u00e9t, r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 10 ng\u00e0n kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1eady? C\u00e1c t\u00e0u th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t bay qua sao M\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ch\u1ee5p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 sao M\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ecf l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a sao M\u1ed9c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ecf l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed bay l\u00ean xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n sao M\u1ed9c. Trong v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn ch\u1ea5t l\u00e2n h\u00f3a m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y th\u0103m d\u00f2 quan tr\u1eafc bay g\u1ea7n sao M\u1ed9c c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam v\u00f2ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 sao Th\u1ed5. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thi\u00ean v\u0103n quan tr\u1eafc n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 300 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y v\u00f2ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1ea5y. V\u00f2ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1ea5y h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh sao M\u1ed9c. C\u00f3 ba v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 30kil\u00f4m\u00e9t, r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 6500 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. 171","M\u00e1y th\u0103m d\u00f2 quan tr\u1eafc c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1eafc c\u1ef1c sao M\u1ed9c c\u00f3 n\u0103m m\u00e0u s\u1eafc d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 30 ng\u00e0n kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y tr\u00ean sao M\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng sao M\u1ed9c l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00ean t\u00f3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng gi\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba v\u1ec7 tinh c\u1ee7a sao M\u1ed9c. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao M\u1ed9c c\u00f3 16 v\u1ec7 tinh. Sao M\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ec7 tinh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf. T\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eadp th\u00eam m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a sao M\u1ed9c. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u0103m d\u00f2 c\u00f2n ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1edf c\u1ef1 ly g\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n v\u1ec7 tinh l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sao M\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 may m\u1eafn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1u ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda b\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o n\u00fai tr\u00ean thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3; ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ec7 tinh th\u1ee9 2 c\u1ee7a sao M\u1ed9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 bao b\u1ecdc; tr\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh s\u1ed1 3 c\u1ee7a sao M\u1ed9c c\u00f3 thung l\u0169ng v\u00e0 khe n\u1ee9t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t; tr\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh s\u1ed1 4 c\u1ee7a sao M\u1ed9c d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1 v\u1ea9n th\u1ea1ch do v\u1ea9n th\u1ea1ch va ch\u1ea1m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. Sao M\u1ed9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n bao quanh, kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do hydro v\u00e0 helium t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n sao M\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nham th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tinh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ecbch th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do hydro v\u00e0 helium h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a sao M\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 172","c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng y\u1ebfu \u1edbt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u00f4t b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. 80 B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 sao Th\u1ed5? Sao Th\u1ed5 c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. N\u00f3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p. Trong ch\u00edn h\u00e0nh tinh l\u1edbn, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u su\u00fdt so\u00e1t sao M\u1ed9c. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a sao M\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng 745 l\u1ea7n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng 95 l\u1ea7n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb hai con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? V\u00e2ng, sao Th\u1ed5 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tinh m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t trong ch\u00edn h\u00e0nh tinh l\u1edbn. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 0,7 gam tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i x\u0103ng-ti-m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1eb7t sao Th\u1ed5 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i l\u1ec1nh b\u1ec1nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sao th\u1ed5 c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi xa h\u01a1n 10 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, quay quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng m\u1ea5t 29,5 n\u0103m. N\u00f3 t\u1ef1 quay c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nhanh, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 quay m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng m\u1ea5t 10 gi\u1edd 14 ph\u00fat. Sao Th\u1ed5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sao M\u1ed9c, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tinh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ecbch th\u1ec3. Trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 hydro v\u00e0 helium, sao Th\u1ed5 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 sao M\u1ed9c, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u0103m d\u00f2 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean sao Th\u1ed5 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m ch\u1edbp kinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 60 ng\u00e0n kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. Sao Th\u1ed5 c\u00f3 20 v\u1ec7 tinh, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh sao 173","Th\u1ed5 6, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u00e0 5150 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t, l\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. C\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ee7y. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng trong h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ee7y v\u1eabn cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec7 tinh sao Th\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 6, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tinh l\u1edbn. V\u1ec7 tinh sao Th\u1ed5 6 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n 300 n\u0103m. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 tinh sao Th\u1ed5 6 do c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u0103m d\u00f2 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng cam. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1edbp b\u0103ng. Trong \u201cgia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf\u201d c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ed5, v\u1ec7 tinh sao Th\u1ed5 6 l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eadu sinh\u201d n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t. V\u00f2ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean 300 n\u0103m. B\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thi\u00ean v\u0103n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3. Do g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00f2ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ed5 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00f2ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ed5 do nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t b\u0103ng ph\u00e2n ly nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t b\u0103ng \u1ea5y t\u1eeb v\u00e0i x\u0103ng-ti-m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c x\u0103ng-ti-m\u00e9t, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 174","v\u00f2ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3y v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, t\u1ed5ng v\u00f2ng s\u00e1ng r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 80 ng\u00e0n kil\u00f4m\u00e9t, d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 10 ng\u00e0n kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. 81 B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh xa x\u00f4i ra sao kh\u00f4ng? Ba anh em c\u00e1ch xa m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng, sao H\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a sao Th\u1ed5. Ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi F.M her- schel \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng thi\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng to h\u01a1n 65 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 thua sao M\u1ed9c v\u00e0 sao Th\u1ed5 trong ch\u00edn h\u00e0nh tinh l\u1edbn, \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 ba. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea5p 15 l\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 thua sao M\u1ed9c, sao Th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 sao H\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c 175","tr\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh g\u00f3c nghi\u00eang l\u00e0 97055\u2019. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 quay c\u1ee7a sao Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e3 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eady. N\u00f3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eb1m. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 n\u1eefa trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Sao Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 n\u0103m v\u1ec7 tinh. Sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng xoay quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng m\u1ea5t 84 n\u0103m. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000, sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 219 n\u0103m. T\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn nay, n\u00f3 xoay quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba v\u00f2ng. Ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1977, tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hi\u1ebfm hoi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng che khu\u1ea5t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh \u1edf sau n\u00f3. Trong th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thi\u00ean v\u0103n nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang quan tr\u1eafc. Trong l\u1ea7n quan tr\u1eafc n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u1edf n\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 M\u1ef9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Australia, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Nam Phi 176","\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 sao Th\u1ed5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng quan tr\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f2ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng do ch\u00edn v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh. Sau khi sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u00fd lu\u1eadn s\u1ee9c h\u00fat Newton t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. T\u1ea1i sao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a Newton c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1? Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c tr\u00ec k\u00e9o sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u0103ng? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1i thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c \u1ea5y. Thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 sao H\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch sao H\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea5p 57 l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea5p 17 l\u1ea7n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng 30 l\u1ea7n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. N\u00f3 xoay quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng kho\u1ea3ng 165 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, n\u00f3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng xoay quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng! Trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra sao Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t 177","c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cPh\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o sao H\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh l\u1edbn n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft?\u201d T\u1eeb suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u1ef1 ly b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng 5 t\u1ef7 900 tri\u1ec7u kil\u00f4m\u00e9t, g\u1ea5p 40 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. N\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng m\u1ea5t 248 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1\/4 v\u00f2ng. N\u00f3 t\u1ef1 quay m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng kho\u1ea3ng 6 ng\u00e0y 9 gi\u1edd. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ba ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00f2n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng 1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a em \u00fat \u1edf xa m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00edn h\u00e0nh tinh l\u1edbn. N\u0103m 2006, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u201ch\u1ea1 b\u1eadc\u201d sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh \u201ch\u00e0nh tinh l\u00f9n\u201d do x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u201ch\u00e0nh tinh\u201d. Hi\u1ec7n nay, sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0: 1. Qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t d\u1eb9t, khi c\u00e1ch xa m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t 7 t\u1ef7 200 tri\u1ec7u kil\u00f4m\u00e9t, khi g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 4 t\u1ef7 300 tri\u1ec7u kil\u00f4m\u00e9t, xa g\u1ea7n ch\u00eanh nhau 3 t\u1ef7 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. T\u1eeb 1979 \u0111\u1ebfn 1999, trong v\u00f2ng 20 n\u0103m sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf trong qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o sao H\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u01a1ng; 2. Ngo\u00e0i sao Th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 sao Kim ra, sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 quay ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 quay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c; 178","3. Ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1978, M\u1ef9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7 tinh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a sao n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu k\u1ef3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ec7 tinh n\u00e0y quanh sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng ngang b\u1eb1ng chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ef1 quay c\u1ee7a sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1ec7 tinh n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec s\u1ebd m\u00e3i m\u00e3i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00f2n n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u1ec7 tinh n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 l\u00e0m sao! \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. 4. Sao Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch xa m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. 179","M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o 1.\t T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 ch\u00e0ng t\u00ed hon v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \t\t \t\t trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o\t 6 2.\t T\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 8 3.\t T\u1ebf b\u00e0o sinh s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 11 4.\t B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i gia t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o\t\t \t\t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gia t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o?\t 13 5.\tAi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1ebf b\u00e0o?\t 16 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2 CHI\u1ebeC \u00c1O KHO\u00c1C NHI\u1ec0U C\u00d4NG D\u1ee4NG 6.\t Ph\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn \u201cda\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 20 7.\t T\u1ea1i sao da \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 che n\u1eafng?\t 22 8.\t Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1m ra \u0111a b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a da c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng g\u00ec?\t 23 9.\t T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi da l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \t\t \t\t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p?\t 26 10.\t L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u201cchi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta?\t 27 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3 C\u00c1I GI\u00c1 \u0110\u1ee0 DI\u1ec6U K\u1ef2 11.\t X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 32 12.\t T\u1ea1i sao x\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i?\t 34 13.\t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ai?\t 36 14.\t X\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1eafp th\u1ecbt c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \t\t \t\t chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c?\t 38 180","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4 43 X\u01af\u1edeNG GIA C\u00d4NG TH\u1ef0C PH\u1ea8M \u201c595\u201d 44 15.\t T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec7 sinh r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn?\t 46 16.\t Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 49 17.\t Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed9t non quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 50 18.\t Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 19.\t C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a?\t Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 54 C\u00c1I B\u01a0M C\u1ee6A S\u1ef0 S\u1ed0NG 56 20.\t T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi tim l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i b\u01a1m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d?\t 57 21.\t Tim ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 58 22.\t T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3?\t 23.\t Ch\u01a1i th\u1ec3 thao c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec cho tim?\t Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6 B\u00d4N BA S\u00d4NG N\u01af\u1edaC 24.\t T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i v\u00ed huy\u1ebft qu\u1ea3n trong \t\t \t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m?\t 62 25.\tM\u00e1u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 63 26.\t Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\t 65 27.\t Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\t 67 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7 71 CAO \u1ed0C TRAO \u0110\u1ed4I KH\u00cd 74 28.\t Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u0169i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\t 29.\t H\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 181","30.\t Khu\u00f4n ng\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec t\u1edbi ph\u1ed5i?\t 77 31.\t Trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa t\u00fai ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 mao m\u1ea1ch \t\t \t\t di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 79 32.\t T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3?\t 80 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8 83 C\u1ed0NG TI\u00caU N\u01af\u1edaC 85 33.\t Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eadn l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\t 86 34.\t T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta m\u1eafc ti\u1ec3u?\t 35.\t T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u?\t Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9 91 B\u1ed8 T\u01af L\u1ec6NH T\u1ed0I CAO 94 36.\t V\u1ecb t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh t\u1ed1i cao trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ai? \t 96 37.\t B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?\t 38.\t C\u00e1c \u201ck\u00fd gi\u1ea3\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 ai?\t Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 10 107 C\u00c2U \u0110\u1ed0 C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI KH\u1ed4NG L\u1ed2 111 39.\t Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 40.\t Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\t Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11 B\u1ea2O T\u1ed2N GI\u1ed0NG N\u00d2I 41.\t C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \t\t \t th\u1ee5 tinh trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 112 42.\t Tinh tr\u00f9ng, no\u00e3n c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u t\u1edbi?\t 113 43.\t T\u1eed cung c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec?\t 115 182","44.\t Khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tu\u1ed5i d\u1eady th\u00ec?\t 116 45.\t C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \t\t \t trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?\t 117 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 12 NH\u1eeeNG \u0110I\u1ec0U L\u00dd TH\u00da LI\u00caN QUAN \u0110\u1ebeN C\u01a0 TH\u1ec2 CON NG\u01af\u1edcI 46.\t Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi cao \t\t \t\t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 119 47.\t T\u1ea1i sao sau khi bay \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, \t\t \t\t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu?\t 121 48.\t T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i mang c\u1eb7p tr\u00ean hai vai?\t 122 49.\t T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f3n \t\t \t\t tay ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n?\t 123 50.\t V\u00ec sao m\u0169i ng\u1eedi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i th\u00ec h\u1ebft nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \t\t \t\t m\u00f9i th\u01a1m v\u00e0 h\u00f4i n\u1eefa?\t 124 51.\t T\u1ea1i sao ta b\u1ecb ng\u00e1p?\t 125 52.\t Khi ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n r\u00f9ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng?\t 127 53.\t T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1edbn\t\t \t\t khi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i nghi\u00eang ng\u1ea3?\t 128 54.\t T\u1ea1i sao ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ed1t \t\t \t\t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n kia l\u00e0 ba \u0111\u1ed1t?\t 128 55.\t V\u00ec sao b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh b\u00e9o ph\u00ec?\t 129 56.\t V\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha m\u1eb9 th\u1ea5p th\u00ec con c\u00e1i \t\t \t\t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ec1u cao kh\u00f4ng?\t 131 57.\t V\u00ec sao ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ec1u cao?\t 132 58.\t V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u?\t 133 59.\t V\u00ec sao khi ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i che m\u1ed9t con m\u1eaft?\t 135 60.\tM\u1eaft b\u1ecb c\u1eadn th\u1ecb ng\u1ed3i h\u00e0ng gh\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng?\t 136 183","61.\t C\u1eadn th\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng?\t 136 62.\t D\u00f9ng m\u00e1y nghe mang theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ebfc tai?\t 137 63.\t V\u00ec sao kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u00f9y \u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \t\t \t\t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m kem \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng?\t 138 64.\t T\u1ea1i sao ph\u00e1i nam c\u00f3 r\u00e2u d\u00e0i m\u00e0 ph\u00e1i n\u1eef l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3?\t 139 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13 THI\u00caN V\u0102N H\u1eccC V\u00c0 NH\u1eeeNG NH\u00c0 THI\u00caN V\u0102N H\u1eccC N\u1ed4I TI\u1ebeNG TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI 65.\tAi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra thuy\u1ebft trung t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi?\t 142 66.\t V\u00ec sao Bruno ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean gi\u00e0n h\u1ecfa?\t 145 67.\t T\u1ea1i sao Galileo b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u00f9 chung th\u00e2n?\t 146 68.\tAi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra \u201cph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi\u201d? \t 148 69.\tAi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thi\u00ean th\u1ec3?\t 149 70.\t B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh Herschel?\t 150 71.\t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\t 152 72.\t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n chia b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi sao ra sao?\t 153 73.\t T\u1ea1i sao ng\u00f4i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau?\t 157 74.\t Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng sao B\u1eafc c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u00f2m sao B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u \t\t \t (Th\u1ea5t tinh) kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i?\t 158 75.\t C\u00f3 ng\u00f4i sao n\u00e0o m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng?\t 162 76.\t B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 sao Th\u1ee7y?\t 163 77.\t B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 sao Kim?\t 165 78.\t B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 sao H\u1ecfa?\t 168 79.\t B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 sao M\u1ed9c?\t 170 80.\t B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 sao Th\u1ed5?\t 173 81.\t B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh xa x\u00f4i ra sao kh\u00f4ng?\t 175 184",""]