Report on Impact of Pharmaceutical Industries in IIE Pharma City on The Water Quality of Selaqui, Dehradun
C ontents 1. Overview 3 2. Pharmaceutical Industry 4 3. General Impacts of Pharmaceutical Industry 4 4. Selaqui, Dehradun 5 5. IIE Pharma City 9 6. List of Pharmaceutical Industries at IIE Pharma City 10 7. Joint Inspection Report 2017 of The Pharma Units in Selaqui 13 8. Previously Conducted Studies on Pharma Units at IIE Pharma City 16 8.1 Study 1 (Ramola and Singh, J Environ Anal Toxicol 2013) 16 8.1.1 Overview 16 8.1.2 Sampling 16 8.1.3 Outcomes 17 8.1.4 International Standards for Drinking Water 18 8.1.5 Conclusion 19 8.2 Study 2 (Rana, Kandari, Singh, Gupta, Analytical Chemistry Letters 2014) 19 9. Groundwater Quality Characteristics Handpump, Selaqui, Industrial Area 1 (July-2020) 21 10. Groundwater Quality Characteristics Handpump, Selaqui, Industrial Area 2 (July-2020) 22 11. Brief Analysis From Reports and Studies 23 12. Need of The Conducted Survey 24 13. Methodology of Survey Questionnaire 24 14. Survey Questionnaire for Impact Analysis of Pharma Industries at IIE Pharma City on The Water Quality of Selaqui/सेलाकु ई के पानी क गणु व ा पर आए.आए.ई फामा सट म फामा 25 इंड ज़ के भाव व लेषण के लए सव ण नावल 15. Details of the Survey 29 16. Results of The Survey 30 17. Conclusion 50 18. Picture-Based Evidence of The Conducted Survey 52 19. Picture-Based Evidence of IIE Pharma City Exploration 56 20. Picture-Based Evidence of Open Drains Around Pharma City 59
Overview Dehradun, the capital of Uttrakhand has seen rapid industrial development since it became the capital of the state. The Selaqui region of Dehradun especially has seen mushrooming of pharmaceutical industries in the past few years. Many effluents from these industries are not treated properly and are discharged as such into the water bodies of Selaqui. This has depleted the water quality in the region. At times, the discharged effluents contain heavy metals that have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties and they tend to impact the vital organs of the body. Long-term exposure to heavy metals in the form of drinking water can even lead to death.
Pharmaceutical Industry The pharmaceutical industry discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as medications to be administered (or self-administered) to patients, with the aim to cure them, vaccinate them, or alleviate the symptoms. Pharmaceutical companies may deal in generic or brand medications and medical devices. They are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that govern the patenting, testing, safety, efficacy and marketing of drugs. General Impact of Pharmaceutical Industries The hazards from the pharmaceuticals could be categorized as: ● Ecotoxic-damage is caused to the environment. ● Carcinogenic-contribute to the causation of cancer. ● Persistent-remain dangerous for a long time. ● Bio-accumulative–accumulates as it makes its way up the food chain. ● Disastrous due to a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area. ● Harmful for the health of local people due to discharge of contaminated wastewater containing heavy metals.
Selaqui, Dehradun Selaqui is located west of the main township of Dehradun along the Chakrata road and it is about 19 km from the Clock tower. The area is situated between latitude 30°21’40”N and longitude 7 7°50’44.8”E a t an altitude of 635 m. Selaqui is a very crowded area and located on the outskirts of Dehradun. The temperature of this region is comparatively high as compared to the other city areas like Vasant Vihar, Jhakhan, Raipur, Rajpur, etc. because it is an industrial area. The pharmaceutical estate, IIE Pharmacity forms a major portion of the industrial area in Selaqui. Source: Google My Maps
Source: Google My Maps
Source: Google My Maps
Source: Google My Maps
IIE Pharma City Name of industrial estate Integrated Industrial Estate, IIE Pharma City, Selaqui Total area Total allotable area 50 acres Industrial 50 acres Institutional Commercial 35.3 acres Residential Total area vacant 1.04 acres Connectivity 1.17 acres Nil Nil AIRPORT: Nearest Airport is JollyGrant Airport(At a distance of 50 kms) RAILHEAD: Nearest Railhead is Dehradun(At a distance of 25 kms) ROAD: Distance from Delhi 291 kms(via NH 44) Infrastructure availability High Class Road: 30m wide and above Electricity & LED Street lights Water Supply DataCom Services Fire & Police Stations Source: State Infrastructure and Industrial DevelopmentCorporation of Uttarakhand Ltd. (SIIDCUL)
List of Pharmaceutical Industries at IIE Pharma City Sr. No. Name of Company Plot No. Area at The Time 1 Translumina Therapeutics 12 1890 2 Avantor Performance 37 2128 Materials India Ltd 3 Biological E. Ltd 31,32 8700 4 CORAL Laboratories Ltd 27 4100 5 CORAL Laboratories Ltd 28 4100 6 East African India Overseas 1 3600 7 East African India Overseas 8 2839 8 East African India Overseas 8A 1118 9 ESIC (Hospital) ESIC A 2000 10 HAB Pharmaceuticals & 10 2427 research Ltd 11 Hema Laboratories Pvt Ltd 29 4100 12 Himalaya Meditek Pvt Ltd 35,36 4144 13 India Glycols Ltd 3 3600 14 India Glycols Ltd 2 3600 15 India Glycols Ltd 4 3600 16 India Glycols Ltd 5 3600 17 ISH Medicos Pvt Ltd 9 2606
18 Karnani Pharmaceuticals Pvt 38 2128 Ltd 30 4100 19 M.G. Shahani & Co. Delhi Ltd 11 2290 20 Mancare Laboratories Pvt 16 4226 Ltd 24, 24A 7408 21 Mepromax Lifesciences Pvt 18A 3450 Ltd 19 8640 22 Modhike Pvt Ltd 33 2128 23 NATCO PHARMA 34 2128 LIMITED 14 3879 24 Natco Pharma Ltd 17, 20 13020 25 Premier Nutraceuticals Pvt 6 3600 Ltd 23 3895 40 2128 26 Premier Nutraceuticals Pvt 25, 26 8200 Ltd 21 4226 22 4052 27 Sann-dee Madicare 28 SIDMAK Laboratories India Pvt 29 Suncare Formulation Pvt Ltd 30 Sunhill Pharma Pvt Ltd 31 Supermax Laboratories 32 Unimedico Lab 33 Unimedico Lab 34 Unimedico Lab
35 Verve Human Care 15A 1960 Laboratories 36 Wheezal Homoeo Pharma 7 3600 37 Wheezal Homoeo Pharma 18 4643 38 Windlas Biotech Limited 39 2128 Source: State Infrastructure and Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Ltd. (SIIDCUL)
Joint Inspection Report 2017 of The Pharma Units in Selaqui Name and Wastewater Wastewater Ultimate BOD COD TSS pH Generation (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) address of the Treatment Disposal of 6.78 unit Facility Treated 10 BDL 6.99 Water 25 11 6.92 120 11 7.17 Floor Domestic Domestic Industrial 138 20 washing and 6.92 equipment 120 BDL (Industrial) East African 20 KLD 10 KLD Septic ETP Reuses in BDL (India) Tank/Soak Pit gardening Overseas, Plot No. 1, Pharmacity, Selaqui, Dehradun India Glycols Nil 3.2 KLD ETP cum STP ETP cum Reuses in 6 STP Ltd. (Herbal cooling Extraction tower Unit), Plot No. makeup 2 and 5, Selaqui water Dehradun Hab 5.0 KLD 5.0 KLD Septic ETP Gardening 29 Pharmaceuticals Tank/Soak Pit and and Research flushing Limited, Plot No. 10, Selaqui Dehradun Mancare 5.0 KLD 0.70 KLD Septic ETP Gardening 22 Laboratories Tank/Soak Pit and Private Ltd. flushing 11-Pharmacity, Selaqui, Pharmacity, Sidcul, Tal VKS, Selaqui, Dehradun Mepromax 7.0 KLD 6.00 KLD ETP cum STP ETP cum Gardening 29 STP Lifesciences and Private Limited, flushing
16, Pharmacity, 2.10 KLD 3.00 KLD ETP cum STP ETP cum Gardening 22 97 15 7.72 Selaqui 35.20 KLD 3.50 KLD ETP cum STP STP and 23 87 11 7.03 20.00 KLD 27 193 15 7.23 Industrial Area 4.50 KLD 15.00 ETP cum STP ETP cum flushing 26 108 BDL 7.38 Tal-VKS, 3.20 KLD KLD STP 23 107 21 6.86 Selaqui, Gardening BDL BDL 23 6.57 Dehradun 6.5 KLD 5.00 KLD ETP cum STP ETP cum and STP Natco Pharma 5.20 KLD ETP cum STP flushing Limited ETP cum 3.00 KLD Septic STP Gardening 19-Pharmacity, and Sidcul, Selaqui ETP cum STP flushing Tal-VKS ETP Gardening Sidmak and Laboratories Tank/Soak Pit India Pvt. Ltd. flushing Plot No. 20, Pharmacity, Gardening and Selaqui, Dehradun flushing Uni Medico Gardening Labs Plot no. and 21-22, flushing Pharmacity, Selaqui, Dehradun 248001 Kalindi Medicure Pvt. Ltd. 25, 26-Pharmacity, Selaqui Dehradun Coral Laboratories Ltd. Plot No. 27-28, Pharmacity, Sidcul, Selaqui, Dehradun Hema Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. 29, Pharmacity, Industrial Area, Dehradun
M.G. Shahani 8.00 KLD 6.00 KLD ETP cum STP ETP cum Gardening 20 90 10 8.34 STP 7.46 & Co. Delhi and 6.95 Ltd. Plot No. flushing 6.9 30, Pharmacity, 6.88 Selaqui Industrial Area, Dehradun Biological 10.00 KLD 3.00 KLD ETP cum STP ETP cum Gardening 13 60 BDL E.Ltd. 31 & 32, STP and Pharmacity, flushing Selaqui, Dehradun Himalaya 5. 50 KLD 4.00 KLD Septic ETP Gardening 14 83 13 Meditek Pvt. Tank/Soak Pit and Ltd. Plot No. 35 flushing & 36 Pharmacity, Selaqui Karnani 5.00 KLD 2.50 KLD Septic ETP Gardening 21 100 13 Pharmaceuticals Tank/Soak Pit and Ltd. 38, flushing Pharmacity, Sidcul, Selaqui, Dehradun Supermax 1.00 2.00 KLD Septic ETP Gardening 28 132 18 Laboratories. Tank/Soak Pit and 40, Pharmacity, flushing Selaqui Industrial Area, Dehradun Innova Life Not in Sciences. 39, operation Pharmacity, since 2011 Selaqui Industrial Area, Dehradun Premier Unit is Nutriceuticals sealed by 33, Pharmacity, UEPPCB and not Selaqui, operational Dehradun Source: Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board
Previously Conducted Studies on Pharma Units at IIE Pharma City Study 1 (Ramola and Singh, J Environ Anal Toxicol 2013) Overview Most pharmaceutical effluents are known to contain varying concentrations of organic compounds and total solids including heavy metals. Heavy metals such as Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Nickel, Chromium and other toxic organic chemicals or phenolic compounds discharged from pharmaceutical industries are known to affect the surface and ground waters. Each industry should treat their effluents, in accordance with the legal requirements, before discharging these into the streams otherwise the ‘Polluter Pays Principle’ should be implemented. Sampling Sampling was done as per standard way to ensure representation of industrial effluent. Samples were collected from various industrial units (A, B, C, D & E) situated in the industrial area i.e. Selaqui region. These industrial units synthesize cough syrups, medicinal tablets and cosmetics. Effluent samples were mostly collected from drains coming out of the industrial site. Plastic cans of 2 litre capacity were used for sampling of effluent. The samples were taken in the 3 batches i.e. during different seasons of the year. The first set of samples was collected during summer time, the second sample during the rainy (monsoon), and third during winter season. Analysis of samples was done by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy at ICFAI University, Dehradun.
Outcomes Metals were determined at selective wavelengths, which are given below as Cr (λ) = 357.87 nm, Cu (λ) = 324.75 nm, Co (λ) = 240.73 nm, Fe (λ) = 248.33 nm Cd (λ) = 228.8 nm, Zn (λ) = 213.86 nm and Pb (λ) = 283.31 nm Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Ni & Zn-Analyzed using Hollow Cathode Lamp (HCL), in a Flame atomizer AAS. Cd and Pb-Analyzed using Electrode Less Discharge Lamp (EDL), in the Flame atomizer AAS. The highest concentration was detected for Iron i.e. 10.80 mg/l or ppm, it varied from 8.5 to 10.8 ppm while in ground water it was found to be about 8 ppm. Though Iron is not considered to be hazardous to health, we experience red, brown or yellow staining of laundry, glassware and dishes. This water has metallic taste and an offensive odor. Water system piping and fixtures can also become restricted or clogged, if water has more than 10 ppm of iron content. Chromium varied from 0.12 to 0.31 ppm in all effluent samples except one pharma company sample. Chromium in drinking water may lead to allergic dermatitis. Lead was found to be in the range of 0.158 to 0.262 ppm which is above the limit of Pb (0.01 ppm as per WHO standards). Pb is very toxic metal and it interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and tissues including the heart, bones, intestine, kidneys, reproductive and nervous systems. Nickel was observed in the range from 0.05 to 0.12 ppm, which appears to be higher than the WHO prescribed limit of 0.02 ppm. Ni was not detected in 2 effluent samples including groundwater samples. Cadmium content is in the range of 0.16 to 0.56 ppm while not detected in ground water samples. Its permissible limit as per WHO is 0.01 ppm, in this way we conclude that cadmium is higher in all effluent samples except one pharma company effluent (C). Acute exposure to Cd fumes may cause flu like symptoms including chills, fever and muscle ache. More severe exposure can cause trachea-bronchitis, pneumonitis and pulmonary edema. Cd dust inhalation causes
respiratory tract and kidney problems which can be fatal. Ingestion of Cd causes immediate poisoning and damage to the liver and kidney. Copper was found in the range of 0.08 to 0.38 ppm in the effluent samples while it could not be detected in hand pump water. Cu was found lower than the prescribed limit (2 ppm). Excess copper intake causes stomach upset, nausea, and diarrhea and can lead to tissue injury and disease. Excess copper intake also induces toxicity indirectly by interacting with other nutrients. Excess copper intake produces anemia by interfering with iron transport and/or metabolism. Zinc was observed in the range of 1 to 1.3 ppm which is in the permissible range. Although Zinc is essential for human health, too much Zinc can cause health problems, like stomach cramps, skin irritation, vomiting, nausea and anemia. It is clear that four heavy metals i.e Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni w ere observed to be in the higher range in most of the pharma industrial effluent samples. International Standards for Drinking Water Trace Metals WHO Limit (mg/l) Cd 0.01 Cu 2 Co 0.005 Cr 0.05 Fe 0.3 Mn 0.5 Ni 0.02 Pb 0.01 Zn 3.0 As 0.05
Al 0.1 Hg 0.001 Source: WHO Conclusion By this study it can be concluded that heavy metals like Chromium, Lead, Cadmium and Nickel were found to be above the permissible limit recommended by WHO standards while C opper, Zinc and Iron were found almost within the permissible limit. Almost all groundwater samples taken from hand pump situated in the industrial area were found to contain most of the heavy metals within the permissible range but if the effluents containing above mentioned heavy metals are drained regularly in huge quantity without proper treatment, then after some years the groundwater will be polluted with such toxic heavy metals and will not be suitable for drinking purpose. Study 2 (Rana, Kandari, Singh, Gupta, Analytical Chemistry Letters 2014) In this study, five different sites, located in Pharma City, Selaqui, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India, were selected, for heavy metal analysis. Heavy metals such as: aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, copper, iron, lead, mercury and zinc were selected for wastewater assessment. Twelve months sampling (January 2012 to December 2012) were done every month for heavy metals study. Heavy metals analysis was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). All parameters were compared with the general standards for discharge of industrial effluents into inland surface water, provided by CPCB and Bureau of Indian standards (BIS). The range of concentrations of all mentioned heavy metals for five different sampling sites were found in the following range 0.001-4.525 mg/l for aluminium, 0-0.056 mg/l for arsenic, 0.0004- 0.0096 mg/l
for cadmium, 0-0.125 mg/l for hexavalent chromium, 0.002-0.1112 mg/l for copper, 0.0012-8.62 mg/l for iron, 0-0.027 mg/l for lead, 0.001-1.24 mg/l for manganese and 0.007-2.01 mg/l for zinc. Further, this study was subjected to statistical analysis using Box and Whisker Vertical Plots, Pearson's Correlation and Anova. It was concluded that average value for all selected parameters were found within the standards limits provided by CPCB and BIS. This study further helps us to design an appropriate treatment plan for pharmaceutical industries wastewater containing other pollutants.
Groundwater Quality Characteristics Handpump, Selaqui, Industrial Area 1 (July-2020) Parameter Value Desirable-Permissible 7.58 Limit pH 6.5-8.5 BOD (mg/L) 17 200-600 COD (mg/L) 73 250-1000 Temp. (℃) 17 75-200 46 30-100 DO (mg/L) 36 300-600 Alkalinity as CaCO3 82 500-2000 Chlorides as Cl (mg/L) 82 Calcium as Ca (mg/L) 1-10 <2 Magnesium as Mg 125 (mg/L) Hardness as CaCO3 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) Faecal Coliform (MPN/100 mL) Total Coliform (MPN/100 mL) Conductivity (µΩ/cm)
Groundwater Quality Characteristics Handpump, Selaqui, Industrial Area 2 (July-2020) Parameter Value Desirable-Permissible 7.56 Limit pH 6.5-8.5 BOD (mg/L) 18 200-600 COD (mg/L) 84 250-1000 Temp. (℃) 14 75-200 56 30-100 DO (mg/L) 41 300-600 Alkalinity as CaCO3 97 500-2000 Chlorides as Cl (mg/L) 136 Calcium as Ca (mg/L) 1-10 <2 Magnesium as Mg 210 (mg/L) Hardness as CaCO3 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) Faecal Coliform (MPN/100 mL) Total Coliform (MPN/100 mL) Conductivity (µΩ/cm) Source: Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board
Brief Analysis From Reports and Studies ● The two studies (Ramola and Singh, J Environ Anal Toxicol 2013) and (Rana, Kandari, Singh, Gupta, Analytical Chemistry Letters 2014) have shown that the effluent discharge from the pharma units at IIE Pharmacity contain heavy metals. While some heavy metals were found to be within the permissible limits, the others were above the prescribed limit. ● The groundwater quality characteristics have been found to be within the prescribed limits. ● The Joint Inspection Report 2017 of pharma units at IIE Phamacity has shown that the pharma units are effectively treating their discharged effluents. But there remains a possibility that over a period of time some effluents containing heavy metals which are discharged have/or can accumulate in the groundwater because the studies were done years back.
Need of The Conducted Survey The local population in Selaqui region obtains the water for its daily water use purposes from the groundwater. Now, this groundwater has been found to be in contact with the effluents discharged from the operating pharma units at IIE Pharmacity. The water quality and health of the locals can be therefore severely affected. So, a survey was conducted to find out the impact of the IIE Pharma City’s pharma units on the water quality of Selaqui, Dehradun. Methodology of Survey Questionnaire The questionnaire had 20 general questions related to water quality and health of local people in Selaqui. It was made to capture some of the main dimensions of water quality in Selaqui. The questions were organised along t hree thematic blocks. The first one looks into the opinion of local people about the water quality and pharma units in general. The second focuses on the personal experiences of the people with depleted water in the region. Questions from the third block cover several aspects related to the health of local people consuming groundwater. The questionnaire combined closed-ended questions and multiple-choice questions. The respondents also had the possibility to choose and rank among several options or the possibility to grade on a “very low” to “very high” scale. An optional space was also provided to elaborate on the answers. This open part is considered of great importance for a survey of this kind as it contributes to improving the interpretation of its overall results and provides additional valuable material.
Survey Questionnaire for Impact Analysis of Pharma ज़ Industries at IIE Pharma City on The Water Quality of Selaqui/स ेलाकु ई के पानी क गणु व ा पर आए.आए.ई फामा सट म फामा इंड के भाव व लेषण के लए सव ण नावल Name/नाम: __________________________ Age/आय:ु ____________________________ Occupation/ यवसाय:____ _______________ Contact No./स ंपक:____________________ Income/आय:_ ________________________ No. of Family Members/प रवार के सद य क सं या:_________________________________ 1. Do you think water quality has depleted in the Selaqui region over the years?/ या आपको लगता है क सेलाकु ई े म पछले कु छ वष से पानी क गुणव ा म कमी आई है ? Yes/हाँ No/न Can’t Say/कह नह ं सकते 2. On a scale of 1 to 5, how would you rate the water quality in Selaqui?/ 1 से 5 के पमै ाने पर, आप कस कार सेलाकु ई म पानी क गणु व ा का मू याकं न करगे ? 12345 3. Do you agree with the rapid industrialization rate in the township of Selaqui? / या आप सेलाकु ई म तजे ी से बढ़ते औ यो गक करण के दर से सहमत ह ? Yes/हाँ No/न Can’t Say/कह नह ं सकते
4. Are the fast-developing pharmaceutical industries in Selaqui degrading the groundwater quality of this region?/ या सेलाकु ई म तजे ी से वक सत हो रहे फामा यु टकल उ योग इस े के भजू ल क गुणव ा को कम कर रहे ह? Yes/हाँ No/न Can’t Say/ कह नह ं सकते 5. Have you witnessed at any point in time any open drains around these pharmaceutical industries in Selaqui?/ या आपने सेलाकु ई म इन दवा उ योग के आसपास कसी भी खलु नाल को देखा है? Yes/हाँ No/ न 6. Is the increased heavy metal discharge into the groundwater or surface water bodies, a direct outcome of poor effluent treatment methods adopted by pharmaceutical industries?/ या भजू ल या सतह के जल नकाय म भार धातु नवहन, फामा यु टकल उ योग वारा अपनाई गई खराब अप श ट उपचार व धय का य प रणाम है? Yes/हाँ No/न Can’t Say/कह नह ं सकते 7. Around what % of water supply in Selaqui comes from groundwater?/स ेलाकु ई म लगभग कतने % पानी क आपू त भजू ल से होती है >90% 85% 80% 8. From where do you obtain water for your daily household purposes?(Provide location also, if possible)/आप अपने दै नक घरेलू उ दे य के लए पानी कहाँ से ा त करते ह? (य द सभं व हो तो थान का नाम लख) _______________________________________________________________________ 9. Do you have a 24X7 water supply in your house?/ या आपके घर म 24X7 पानी क आपू त है? Yes/हाँ No/न 10. How does the drinking water of your area taste?/ आ पके े के पेयजल का वाद कै सा है Salty/न मक न Metallic/धाि वक Neutral/कोई वाद नह ं Sweet/म ीठा
11.Is there any kind of offensive odour coming out from your water supply area/storage area?/ या आपके जल आपू त े / भंडारण े से कसी कार क अ य गंध नकलती है ? Yes/हाँ No/न 12. Do you practice any water purification technique at your house? If yes, then please mention./ या आप अपने घर पर कसी जल शोधन तकनीक का अ यास करते ह? य द हा,ँ तो कृ पया उ लेख कर। Yes/हाँ No/न ________________________________________________________________________ 13.Have you seen any specific stains of red, brown, or yellow colour on your laundry? If yes, how often do you see them?/Yes/ह ाँ No/न ________________________________________________________________________ 14.How many women and children do you have in your house?/आ पके घर म कतनी म हलाएं और ब चे ह ? Women/ म हलाएं___________ Children/ ब चे ___ __ _________ 15. Do women and children in your house suffer from anaemia?/ या आपके घर म म हलाएं और ब चे एनी मया से पी ड़त ह? Yes/हाँ No/न 16.Have you undergone any recent health checkup?/ या आप हाल ह म कसी वा य पर ण से गुज़रे ह? Yes/हाँ No/न 17. Has anybody in your family suffered/suffering from a chronic disease? If yes, please mention the illness?/ या आपके प रवार म कसी को ल बे समय से कोई बीमार है? य द हा,ँ तो बीमार का उ लेख कर। Yes/हाँ No/न _______________________________________________________________________
18.Have you experienced any kind of dizziness/headache/anxiety/depression/physical disorder? If yes, please mention the problem?/ या आपने कसी तरह के च कर / सरदद / चतं ा / अवसाद / शार रक वकार का अनभु व कया है? य द हा,ँ तो कृ पया सम या का उ लेख कर? Yes/हाँ No/ न ________________________________________________________________________ 19. Are you a part of any Government Health Scheme?/ या आप कसी सरकार वा य योजना का ह सा ह? Yes/हाँ No/न 20. Have you experienced any kind of suffocation/nausea/sickness when passing by the open drains near Pharma City?/ या आपने फामा सट के पास खलु ना लय से गजु रते समय कसी तरह क घटु न / मचल / बीमार का अनभु व कया है? Yes/हाँ No/न Can’t Say/ कह नह ं सकते
Details of the Survey Area of the Survey 1-2 km around Pharma City, Selaqui, Dehradun Participants of The Survey Pharmacists, Local Shopkeepers, Total No. of Participants Students No. of Male Participants No. of Female Participants 25 Participating Age Groups 19 Educational Level Income Range of The Participants 6 Overall Experience 15-55 years Major Issues Faced (if any) Fairly Educated Feedback From The Locals Rs 10,000-50,000 Good Some people were reluctant to fill the survey/Busy Shared concern about depleting water quality and suggested intervention of the Government.
Results of The Survey Graph 1: Shows opinion of people about water quality depletion over the years in Selaqui From Graph 1: Shows opinion of people about water quality depletion over the years in Selaqui, i t is seen that 1 5 people out of 25 (60%) agreed to water quality depletion in Selaqui over the years. 6 out of 25 (24%) said no to the question. 4 out of 25 (16%) could not state any opinion on the water quality depletion of the region.
Graph 2: Shows rating of the water quality in Selaqui From G raph 2: Shows rating of the water quality in Selaqui, it can be estimated that 1 person out of 25 survey takers (4%) rated the water quality as extremely poor with a score of 1. 3 people out of 25 (12%) gave a score of 2 to the quality of water in Selaqui and called it poor. Furthermore, 11 people out of 25 (44%) rated the water quality on a scale of 1-5 as 3, i.e, fair. 6 people out of 25 (24%) gave a score of 4 which means water quality is good. 2 people out of 25 (8%) survey takers rated the water quality as 5, i.e, excellent. 2 people (8%) did not rate the water quality at all.
Graph 3: Shows opinion on the rapid industrialization rate in the township of Selaqui From Graph 3: Shows opinion on the rapid industrialization rate in the township of Selaqui, it is obvious that 1 2 people out of 25 people (48%) who took the survey said a ‘Yes’ to the rapid industrialization rate in the township of Selaqui. On the other hand, 1 1 people out of 25 (44%) did not agree with the increased industrialization rate in Selaqui. 2 people out of 25 (8%) had no opinion about the question.
Graph 4: Shows opinion on pharmaceutical industries degrading the groundwater quality of Selaqui From Graph 4: Shows opinion on pharmaceutical industries degrading the groundwater quality of Selaqui, it is analyzed that 15 people out of 25 (60%) survey takers agreed that the fast-developing pharmaceutical industries in Selaqui are degrading its water quality. Moreover, 5 people out of 25 (20%) said a ‘No’ to the question. 5 people out of 25 (20%) could not say anything about the pharmaceutical industries depleting the water quality of the area.
Graph 5: Shows opinion on the visibility of open drains around the pharmaceutical industries From Graph 5: Shows opinion on the visibility of open drains around the pharmaceutical industries, it is seen that 20 people out of 25 (80%) h ave at any point in time seen open drain/drains around the pharmaceutical industries in Selaqui. 2 out of 25 people (8%) think that they have not seen any open drain around these industries. 3 out of 25 people (12%) didn’t have any opinion on this question.
Graph 6: Shows opinion on poor effluent treatment methods of pharmaceutical industries as a cause of increased heavy metal discharge into the water bodies From Graph 6: Shows opinion on poor effluent treatment methods of pharmaceutical industries as a cause of increased heavy metal discharge into the water bodies, it can be estimated that 8 people out of 25 (32%) stated a ‘Yes’ for increased heavy metal discharge as an outcome of poor effluent treatment methods adopted by the pharmaceutical industries. Contrary to this, 7 people out of 25 (28%) said a ‘No’ to the question. 1 0 people out of 25 (40%) could not very effectively answer the question and said ‘Can’t Say’.
Graph 7: Shows opinion on the percentage (%) of groundwater supply in Selaqui From Graph 7: Shows opinion on the percentage (%) of groundwater supply in Selaqui, i t is observed that 1 0 people out of 25 (40%) b elieve that more than 90% of water supply in Selaqui comes from groundwater. Furthermore, 8 people out of 25 (32%) said that around 85% of groundwater supply is present in Selaqui. Lastly, 7 out of 25 people (28%) s tated that around 80% of water supply in Selaqui is from groundwater.
Graph 8: Shows water obtainment for day-to-day household chores From Graph 8: Shows water obtainment for day-to-day household chores, i t was found that 16 out of 25 people (64%) who took the survey obtained water from a summer pump. 2 out of 25 people (8%) g et water from borewell for daily household purposes. 1 out of 25 people (4%) obtain water from a tubewell. Another 1 out of 25 (4%) s aid that he/she receives water from the Government water supply line. While the rest 5 out of 25 (20%) d idn’t mention their source of obtaining water.
Graph 9: Shows the number of people with/without 24X7 water supply From Graph 9: Shows the number of people with/without 24X7 water supply, i t can be calculated that 14 out of 25 people (56%) h ave a 24X7 water supply in their homes. On the contrary, 1 1 out of 25 people (44%) don’t have a 24 hours water supply in their houses. ‘
Graph 10: Shows the taste of drinking water in Selaqui From G raph 10: Shows the taste of drinking water in Selaqui, i t can be analyzed that 11 out of 25 people (44%) found the drinking water in Selaqui to be neutral. 9 out of 25 people (36%) found the water to be sweet. Another 3 people out of 25 (12%) thought that the water tastes metallic in the region. Finally, 2 out of 25 people (8%) called the drinking water salty.
Graph 11: Shows people’s take on offensive odor coming out from water storage area From G raph 11: Shows people’s take on offensive odor coming out from the water storage area, it can be understood that 1 0 out of 25 people (66.7%) s aid that they have witnessed offensive odor coming out from their water storage area. On the opposite end, 5 out of 25 people (33.3%) said that they didn’t smell any offensive odor from their water supply or storage area.
Graph 12: Shows the number of people who practice/don’t practice water purification at their homes From Graph 12: Shows the number of people who practice/don’t practice water purification at their homes, it is observed that 1 0 out of 25 people (66.7%) don’t practice any water purification technique at their place. On the other side, 5 out of 25 people (33.3%) practice water purification techniques like boiling, RO at their homes.
Graph 13: Shows the possibility of red/brown/yellow colour stains on laundry of localities From G raph 13: Shows the possibility of red/brown/yellow colour stains on laundry of localities, i t can be estimated that 15 out of 25 people (60%) said that they have not seen any red/brown/yellow stains on their clothes. 10 out of 25 people (40%) however said that they have seen coloured stains on their laundry due to water use.
Table: No. of women and children in the house of the survey respondents The following responses were recorded from the survey takers about the no. of women and children in their houses. Name of Respondent No. of Women No. of Children Mukesh Kumar 1 2 Pahar 1 1 Harsh 2 0 Pushpendra Bansal 1 0 Vinod Kumar Chauhan 3 2 Salman Ansari 3 1 Aditya Gupta 2 0 Vipin Thakur 1 0 Durgesh Gupta 2 3 Madhuri 5 5 Farman Khan 2 3 Hansrai Chaudhary 3 1 Deepak Brijwasi 1 0 Santram 1 2 Neeresh Kant 1 0 Gurdeep Singh 1 2 Wasim Ahrun 2 2 Pawan 2 0
Aarzu 3 2 Rajni Semwal 1 3 Anjali Rawat 5 1 Sanjana Negi 2 0 1 3 Sana 2 2 Abhishek Sharma
Graph 15: Shows the number of people who have undergone/not undergone any recent health checkup From Graph 15: Shows the number of people who have undergone/not undergone any recent health checkup, it is observed that 19 out of 25 people (76%) h ave not undergone any recent health checkup. Furthermore, 6 out of 25 people (24%) have undergone a health checkup recently.
Graph 16: Shows the number of people, whose family members suffered/suffering/not suffered/not suffering from a chronic disease From G raph 16: Shows the number of people, whose family members suffered/suffering/not suffered/not suffering from a chronic disease, it can be estimated that 19 out of 25 people (76%) d on’t have any family member who has suffered/suffering from a chronic disease. On the other hand, 6 out of 25 people (24%) said that someone in their family suffers/had suffered from a chronic disease.
Graph 17: Shows the number of people who voted for and against any kind of dizziness/headache/anxiety/depression/physical disorder From G raph 17: Shows the number of people who voted for and against any kind of dizziness/headache/anxiety/depression/physical disorder, i t is seen that 18 out of 25 people (72%) said a ‘No’ for any kind of dizziness/headache/anxiety/depression/physical disorder. 7 out of 25 people (28%) said a ‘Yes’ to these ailments.
Graph 18: Shows the involvement of people with any Government Health Scheme From Graph 18:Shows the involvement of people with any Government Health Scheme, it is seen that 2 0 out of 25 people (80%) are not part of any Government Health Scheme. On the other hand, only 5 out of 25 people (20%) have said to be a part of any Government Health Scheme.
Graph 19: Shows people’s views on passing by open drains near Pharma City From G raph 19: Shows people’s views on passing by open drains near Pharma City, i t can be estimated that 20 out of 25 survey takers (80%) h ave suffered from any kind of suffocation/nausea/sickness when passing by open drains near Pharma City. 3 out of 25 people (12%) feel that they have had no such kind of experience. Lastly, 2 out of 25 people (8%) c ould not say anything about what they feel while passing by open drains in Pharma City.
Conclusion The following were the main conclusions drawn from the survey: ● In general, the people believed that there has been depletion of water quality in Selaqui over the years. They also thought that the water quality in the region is from poor to fair and not really good or excellent. For those, who said the water quality is good, they practiced some kind of water purification method like Reverse Osmosis or boiling. ● Since the survey was organized near the Pharma City and mainly local shopkeepers were involved in the survey, they seemed to be satisfied with the industrialization rate as this helps them to increase their income sources. On the other hand, the normal residents weren’t very happy. ● When asked about the pharmaceutical industries, maximum no. of people said that they are one of the factors responsible for water depletion of the region. ● Many open drains had been witnessed while conducting the survey near the pharma units. The drains were full of filthy water and gave out offensive odour. People complained about these open drains as they contaminated the air and water quality of their area. ● More than 90% of the water in Selaqui comes from groundwater and people mainly had summer pumps installed in their houses. Some people seemed happy with the 24X7 water supply while others complained about water shortage. ● People said that water tasted from metallic to salty to sweet in the region. Again this depended upon the water purification techniques (if practiced). ● Many were unhappy about the bad smell coming out from their water storage area due to wastewater being closely dumped from the pharma units.
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