Kids Body System Project

Body Systems

Table of Contents● Integumentary System● Musculoskeletal System● Nervous System● Special Senses● Cardiovascular System● Respiratory System● Digestive System● Urinary System● Reproductive System● Bibliography



Integumentary SystemFunction-​ The skin waterproofs the body and prevents fluid loss. Also, skin is a major receptorof touch. Finally, the skin screens out ultraviolet radiation from the sun’s rays.ProfessionsDermatologist-​ a specialist in dermatology,especially a doctor who specializes in thetreatment of the skinPlastic Surgeon-​ a surgeon who specializes inreducing scarring or disfigurement that mayoccur as a result of accidents, birth defects, ortreatment for diseasesStructuresEpidermis-​ the outermost layer of the skinDermis- t​ he thick layer of living tissue directlybelow the epidermisNails-​ protects the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and fingerSweat Glands-​ helps regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweatHair-​ helps control the loss of body heatCommon DiseasesImpetigo-​ a highly contagious infection of the skin caused by bacteria. Impetigo is commonlyfound on the face, often around the nos and the mouth, but it can show up anywhere the skinhas been brokenEczema- ​also called atopic dermatitis, makes your skin dry, red, and itchy. Sometimes you mayeven break out in a rash

Musculoskeletal SystemFunction-​ the bones in the skeletal system support, protect, and provide framework for thebody. Also, the bone marrow has an important function in the formation of blood. The muscles inthe muscular system hold the body erect and make movement possible. Also, musclemovement generates nearly 85% of the heat that keeps the bodywarm.ProfessionsOrthopedic surgeon-​ treats injuries and disorders involvingbones, joints, muscles, and tendonsChiropractor-​ specializes in manipulative treatment of disordersoriginating from the misalignment of the spineStructuresMuscles-​ make body movement possible, hold body erect, movebody fluids, and produce body heatTendons-​ attach muscle to boneBones- ​act as the framework for the body, protect the internalorgans, and store the mineral calciumBone marrow- f​ orms some blood cellsCartilage-​ creates a smooth surface for the motion within the jointsand protects the ends of the bonesJoints-​ work with the muscles to make a variety of motions possibleLigaments-​ connect on bone to anotherCommon DiseasesMuscular dystrophy-​ a group of inherited disorders that cause muscle weakness withoutaffecting the nervous system. The most common forms, which affect only males, areDuchenne’s muscular dystrophy and Becker’s muscular dystrophyOsteoporosis- a​ marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequentlyassociated with aging

Nervous SystemFunction- T​ he nervous system coordinates and controls all body activities. When the brainceases function, the body diesProfessionsNeurologist- ​specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the nervoussystemPsychiatrist- h​ olds a Medical Doctor (MD) degree and specializes in diagnosing and treatingchemical dependencies, emotional problems, and mental illnessStructuresBrainstem- ​the stalk like portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with thespinal cordCerebellum-​ Located in the lower back of the craniumbelow the cerebrum. Coordinates muscular activity forsmooth and steady movementsNerve-​ one or more bundles of neuron cells that connectthe brain and the spinal cord with other parts of the bodyNeuron-​ is the basic cell of the nervous systemCerebrum- ​Uppermost and least protected layer of thebrain. Responsible for the highest level of thoughtincluding judgement, memory, association, and criticalthinkingThalamus- L​ ocated below the cerebrum. Monitorssensory stimuli by suppressing some and magnifyingothersHypothalamus-​ Located below the thalamus. Controls vital bodily functionsCommon DiseasesAlzheimer’s disease-​ a group of disorders associated with degenerative changes in the brainstructure that lead to characteristic symptoms including memory loss, impaired cognitivethinking, and personality changesAmnesia-​ a disturbance in the memory marked by a total or partial inability to recall pastexperiences

Special SensesFunction- T​ he function of this system is to receive external stimuli and transmit the informationto the brain.ProfessionsAudiologist-​ specializes in the measurement of hearing function and the rehabilitation ofpersons with hearing impairmentsOphthalmologist- s​ pecializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the eyeStructuresEars- ​Receptor organs for the sense of hearing; alsohelps to maintain balanceOuter ear-​ Transmits sound waves to the middle earMiddle ear- T​ ransmits sound waves to the inner earInner ear-​ Receives sound vibrations and transmitsthem to the brainIris-​ Controls the amount of light entering the eyeEyes-​ Receptor organs for the sense of sightRetina-​ Converts light images into electrical impulsesand transmits them to the brainCommon DiseasesConjunctivitis-​ also known as pink eye, is aninflammation of the conjunctivaVertigo-​ is a symptom of several conditions, is describedas a sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance

Cardiovascular SystemFunction- C​ irculates blood through the body through a network of vessels to provide individualcells with oxygen and nutrients. Also, this system helps dispose of metabolic waste.ProfessionsCardiologist- ​a doctor with special training and skillin finding, treating and preventing diseases of theheart and blood vesselsCardiothoracic Surgeon- ​a doctor who specializesin surgical procedures of the heart, lungs,esophagus, and other organs in the chestStructuresArtery- a​ blood vessel that carries blood away fromthe heartVein- a​ blood vessel that carries blood to the heartHeart-​ a hollow muscular organ that pumps bloodthrough the bodyCapillaries-​ any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between arterioles andvenulesAorta-​ largest artery in the bodyVena Cava-​ largest vein in the bodyCommon DiseasesStroke- ​a sudden disabling attack or loss of consciousness caused by an interruption in the flowof blood to the brainMyocardial infarction- o​ ccurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart

Respiratory SystemFunction-​ The primary function of the respiratory system are to take in oxygen and expelcarbon dioxide.ProfessionsPneumologist-​ a specialist in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the lungsThoracic Surgeon- ​medical doctor who performs operations on the heart, lungs, esophagus,and other organs in the chestStructuresLungs-​ a pair of breathing organs which removes carbondioxide and brings oxygen to the bloodTrachea- a​ large tube extending from the larynx to thebronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs;the windpipeBronchi-​ any major air passages of the lungs that divergefrom the windpipeDiaphragm-​ muscle separating the chest and theabdomenAlveolus-​ air sac in the lungCommon DiseasesCystic Fibrosis- a​ ffects the cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices. It causesthese fluids to become thick and sticky. They then plug up tubes, ducts, and passageway,affects lungs and the digestive systemPneumonia-​ Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid

Digestive SystemFunction-​ The digestive system intakes food and digests the nutrients from it. Also, thedigestive system eliminates solid waste products.ProfessionsGastroenterologist- a​ physician in diseases of the digestive system including esophagus,stomach and intestines.Proctologist-​ a physician in diseases of the rectum and anusStructuresStomach-​ breaks down food and mixes it with digestivejuicesSmall Intestines-​ completes digestion and absorption ofmost nutrientsLarge Intestines-​ absorbs excess water and preparessolid waste for eliminationRectum and Anus- c​ ontrols the excretion of solid wasteMouth-​ begins preparation of food for digestionPharynx- tr​ ansports food from the mouth to theesophagusEsophagus-​ transports food from the pharynx to thestomachLiver- s​ ecretes bile and enzymes to aid in the digestion of fatsGallbladder- s​ tores bile and releases it to the small intestines as neededPancreas-​ secretes digestive juices and enzymes into small intestine as neededCommon DiseasesPyrosis-​ also known as heartburn, is the burning sensation caused by the return of acidicstomach contents into the esophagusGingivitis-​ an inflammation of the gums, is the early stage of periodontal disease

Urinary SystemFunction- ​The urinary system maintains the proper balance water, salts, and acids in the bodyfluids by removing excess fluids from the body or reabsorbing water as needed. Also, constantlyfilters the blood to remove urea and other waste materials from the bloodstream. Finally,converts these waste products and excess fluids into urine.ProfessionsNephrologist-​ specializes in diagnosing and treating diseasesand disorders of the kidneysUrologist-​ specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases anddisorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinarysystem of malesStructuresUrine- l​ iquid waste products to be excretedUreters-​ transport urine from the kidneys to the bladderUrinary Bladder-​ stores urine until it is excretedUrethra- t​ ransports urine from the bladder through the urethralmeatus, where it is excreted from the bodyNephrons- ​the functional units of the kidneys. They form urineby the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretionKidney-​ filter the blood to remove waste products, maintain electrolyte, concentrations, andremove excess water to maintain the fluid volume within the bodyCommon DiseasesNephrolithiasis-​ a disorder characterized by the presence of stones in the kidneyDiuresis-​ the increased excretion of urine

Reproductive SystemFunction-​ the primary function of the reproductive system is to create new lifeCommon DiseasesAnachronism-​ the congenital absence of one or both testiclesSalpingitis-​ inflammation of the fallopian tubeBibliography ● \"The Brain - Diagram and Explanation.\" The Brain - Diagram and Explanation. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016 ● By Using This Site, You Agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. \"File:Digestive System Diagram En.svg.\" - Wikimedia Commons. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. ● \"Diagrams.\" T​ he Integumentary System. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. ● \"Eye Diagram Image - AoF.com.\" AoFcom. N.p., 09 Sept. 2016. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. ● \"Female Reproductive System Diagram Labeled And Functions - Anatomy Human Body.\" ​Anatomy Human Body. N.p., 21 Aug. 2016. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. ● \"Labeled Diagram Of The Human Heart Photo Album - Diagrams.\" Diagrams. N.p., n.d. ● \"Labeled Diagram Of The Human Heart Photo Album - Diagrams.\" Diagrams. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. ● \"Labeled Ear Diagram - AoF.com.\" AoFcom. N.p., 09 Sept. 2016. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. ● \"Lungs Diagram With Labels The Respiratory System - Human Anatomy Diagram.\" Human Anatomy Diagram. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. ● \"Musculoskeletal System Diagram - Femoralnerve.com.\" Femoralnervecom. N.p., 14 Sept. 2016. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. ● \"Nervous System Diagram - /medical/anatomy/nervous_system/Nervous_system_diagram.png.html.\" Nervous System Diagram -

/medical/anatomy/nervous_system/Nervous_system_diagram.png.html. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.● \"Urinary System Diagrams - Human Anatomy Diagram.\" Human Anatomy Diagram. N.p., 06 Apr. 2016. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.● @username. \"MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DIAGRAM.\" Unmasa Dalha. N.p., 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.● \"One Account. All of Google.\" Meet Google Drive – One Place for All Your Files. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.● \"WebMD - Better Information. Better Health.\" W​ ebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2016.