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Middle Schooler's guide to the Body System Spencer Allen

Table of Contents: ● Integumentary (Skin) System ● Musculoskeletal (Bones and muscles) System ● Nervous (Brain) System ● Special senses(Touch,Hear,Vision,Taste,Smell) ● Cardiovascular (Blood) System ● Respiratory (Breathing) System ● Digestive (Stomach) System ● Urinary (Pee) System ● Reproductive (Hormone) System



Integumentary (Skin) SystemWhat does the Integumentary system do?The Integumentary system consists of our skin, hair,fingernails, glands(sweating), and nerves(sense of touch).All of these help our bodies retain fluids like water,protect against diseases, and keep the body warm or cool.Without the skin we would just be muscles and bones.

Integumentary (Skin) SystemCommon Diseases/Disorders of the skin:Black Head-When oil glands get stopped up in your skin creating darkeningspotsMoles-are normal parts of the skin. Moles can be flat or raised, and they canbe red, brown, black or skin-colored.Integumentary (Skin) medical careers:Dermatologist-a doctor who specializes in treating the skin or operating on itCosmetic Surgeon- a surgeon who deals with plastic surgery operations forpeople

Musculoskeletal (Bones and Muscles) System:What does our Musculoskeletal (Bones and Muscles)System do?This system is what keeps our body solid and strong.Bones are the framework of your body holding all ourvital organs in place. Muscles are what contract andextend these bones so we can move our body. Withoutmuscles our bones and body would be still all dayunable to bend nor move.

Musculoskeletal (Bones and Muscles) System:Common diseases/disorders:Arthritis: Inflammation of one or more joints, causing painand stiffness that can worsen with age.Muscular Dystrophy: A group of genetic diseases that causeprogressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.Musculoskeletal (Bones and Muscles) Professionals:Chiropractor-A doctor who specializes in bones and joint movementsOrthopedic Surgeon-a doctor who specializes in bone, muscle, and joint surgery

Nervous (Brain) System:What’s important about our Nervous system?The nervous system is the electrical wiring of our bodyhelping your brain send signals. It is a network of nervecells that communicate a message between the brain and allour other bodily systems. Probably the most essential systemfor our body to have.

Nervous (Brain) System:Common Diseases/Disorders of Nervous System:Parkinson's Disease: A disorder of the central nervoussystem that affects movement, often including tremors.Spinal Cord Injury: Damage, shift, or break of the spinalcord resulting in possible loss of movement throughout thebodyNervous (Brain) System Medical Professionals: ● Neurologist- treats disorders that affect the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves. ● Occupational Therapist- can help integrate sensory skills for people into their everyday lives

Special senses(Touch,Hear,Vision,Taste,Smell)What are our Special Senses and what do they do?Our special senses are something we use all day everyday.It includes our ability to feel items, smell odors, seelight, hear sounds, and taste the food on our plates.These senses utilize body parts like eyes, nose, tongue,ears, and our fingers.

Special senses(Touch,Hear,Vision,Taste,Smell)Common Diseases/Disorders of senses:Color Blindness-Being incapable of seeing certain colorsHearing Loss- Loss of hearing due to infection, blockage, or other issues. Usuallyoccurs with older age.Special senses medical careers:Ophthalmologist- is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment ofdiseases of the eye.ENT or an Otolaryngologist-A doctor who specializes in problems of the ear,nose and throat.

Cardiovascular (Blood) System:What are the functions of the Cardiovascular system?The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. It deliversoxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries waste products to the organsresponsible for elimination. The arteries carry blood from the heart to the rest ofthe body, and the veins carry blood back to the heart. A.k.a. The circulatorysystem.

Cardiovascular (Blood) System:Common Diseases/Disorders of Cardiovascular system:Heart Attack-A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.High blood pressure-A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.Blood system medical careers:Cardiologist-a doctor with special training and skill in finding,treating and preventing diseases of the heart and bloodvessels.Hematologist- a medical doctor who applies this specializedknowledge to treat patients with blood conditions.

Respiratory (Breathing) System:Why is the respiratory so important and what does it do?The human respiratory system is a series of organs responsible for taking inoxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The primary organs of the respiratorysystem are lungs, which carry out Carbon Dioxide(CO2) and lets in Oxygen for ourto body to use in our blood. Without the respiratory system our body would nooxygen to help keeping functioning.

Respiratory (Breathing) System:Common diseases/disorders of the Respiratory system:Asthma -condition where someone's airways are naturally constricted.Lung Cancer-A cancer that begins in the lungs and most often occurs in people who smoke.Respiratory System Medical Professionals:● Pulmonologist- a doctor who specializes in the lungs● Allergist- a doctor who specializes in allergies and asthma

Digestive (Stomach) System:What are the main functions of the Digestive System?A group of organs that work together to process food for the body to obtain energyand basic nutrients. Food passes along a track in your body that breakdown thefood for its nutrients and eventually gets rid of the waste. This is the system thatmakes you feel “full” after your meal.

Digestive (Stomach) System:Common diseases/disorders of the Digestive system:Gallstone-A hardened deposit within the fluid in thegallbladder, a small organ under the liver.Gastritis-An inflammation of the stomach walls, cause achesand painsDigestive system medical healthcares:Nutritionist-a person whose job is to give advice on how food affects your healthGastroenterologist-a doctor who is in the study of the structure, functions, anddiseases of the digestive organs.

Urinary (Pee) System:What is the Urinary system and how does it affect us?A group of organs in the body concerned with filtering out excess fluidand other substances from the bloodstream. The substances are filteredout from the body in the form of urine. Removing unwanted toxins fromthe body and retaining nutrients for the body to process. This is thesystem that is the final stop for the digestive system.

Urinary (Pee) System:Common diseases/disorders or Urinary system:Kidney Stone-A small, hard deposit that forms in the kidneys and is often painful when passed.Urinary Tract Infection-An infection in any part of the urinary system, the kidneys, bladder, or urethra.Urinary (Pee) System medical careers:Urologist- A doctor who specializes in the urinary systemNephrologist-who is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treatingdisorders of the kidney

Reproductive (Hormone) System:Why is the reproductive system important and how does itaffect it us?The reproductive system is what regulates our hormones andhelps create babies. Without this system we wouldn’t besitting here today.



Middle Schooler's guide to the Body System!