#Social Studies Book 1_2075 Edition_Sameer

GLOSSARY borrow : take and use litter : rubbish or dirt utensils : kitchen things like plates, cups and spoons wardrobe : cupboard wealthy : rich wise : intelligent Review Exercises 1 Say where they are. a. b. c. d. Now write what they are doing. a. ............................................................................................. b. ............................................................................................. c. ............................................................................................. d. ............................................................................................. Social Studies - Book 1 51

2 Complete the crossword puzzle. t1 2 3P 4i 5a g ACROSS DOWN 1. Eating 2. Teaching 3. Playing 4. Brushing 5. Bathing 52

5 OUR EARTH My Surroundings Around My School Types Of Houses Drawing Is Fun Mary’s Classroom

LESSON MY SURROUNDINGS 1 Objectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n tell about the various types of landforms. n describe about the characteristics of various types of landforms. Teacher: Today we will discuss about the types of landforms. The landform which is low and flat is called ‘Plain.’ The landform which is high and steep is called ‘Hill.’ Now, can anybody tell me about the landform of your village? Sanjay: Yes, sir. My house is in Siraha. There is flat and low land around my house. Farmers grow paddy and other crops there. There is also a fruit garden in front of my house. People grow mangoes and bananas there. Some people fish in a nearby river. We can see the flat and straight road all around. Niva: My house is in Okhaldhunga. There are steep hills around my house. The hills are covered with green forests. There are trees of various fruits. The fruits like oranges and guavas are found there. The roads and paths are narrow and steep. Villagers collect firewood from the forest. Teacher: Good. Both of you have given a very good answer. Note to the Teacher: This lesson will be more interesting if taught practically. Let the students go around the surrounding of their school and discuss about the types of landforms like high place, 54 plain, hill, etc.

Evaluation Exercises 1 Read the text and fill in the blanks. a. The land around Siraha is.................and........................ b. Some people......................in a nearby................... c. The hills are covered with................................................ d. People collect........................................from the forest. (river, fish, firewood, green forests, flat and low) 2 Read the text and answer. a. Write two types of landform. ......................................................................................... b. What type of landform is called the plain? ......................................................................................... c. What type of landform is called the hill? ......................................................................................... d. What type of landform is there in Siraha? ......................................................................................... e. What type of landform does Okhaldhunga have? ......................................................................................... 3 Answer the question. a. Where do you live? Write the type of landform found there. ......................................................................................... Social Studies - Book 1 55

LESSON AROUND MY SCHOOL 2 Objectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n learn about the surroundings of their school. n find out the landforms surrounding their school. I am Salma. Today I am taking you around my school. My school is surrounded by beautiful hills. We can see the Himalayas from here. There are lots of trees around my school. They give us fresh air. Look! There is also a small river nearby the hills. My school is on the flat land. There is a big green lawn in front of my school. We play on it. We keep the lawn clean by putting the litter in the dustbin. We have a beautiful garden too. We plant different types of flowers there. We water and take care of the garden. There is a water tap. We get clean drinking water from it. My school is clean and tidy. We can see a farm on the back side of our school. Farmers grow different types of crops there. It is fun to walk around my school, isn’t it? Note to the Teacher: Take the students to the surrounding of their school. Tell them to look around and ask them to draw the simple sketch of their school and their surrounding. Ask them to colour it too. 56

Evaluation Exercises 1 Read the text and write true or false. a. There are hills around Salma’s school. b. A big green lawn is behind Salma’s school. c. Her school has a water tap. d. There isn’t a river near her school. e. There are no trees around her school. 2 Read the lesson carefully and fill in the blanks using the words given below. crops trees surrounded lawn beautiful a. Salma’s school is........................................by beautiful hills. b. There are lots of......................................around her school. c. There is a green..................................in front of her school. d. There is a..........................................................garden. e. Farmers grow different types of..................................there. 3 Write any four things that you see around your school. a. ............................................. b. ........................................ c. ............................................. d. ......................................... Social Studies - Book 1 57

LESSON TYPES OF HOUSES 3 Objectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n learn about different types and sizes of houses. n draw a sketch of their house. Teacher: Today we will study about different types of houses. Some houses are small and some are big. Student: Ma’am where can we find small houses? Teacher: Small houses are mostly found in villages. They have few rooms, doors and windows as seen in this picture. They are made up of mud, bamboo and straw. It has one or two storeys. Do you know where we find big houses? Student: No ma’am. Can you please tell us? Teacher: Listen! Big houses are usually found in the cities. Look at this picture, this is a big house. It has many doors, rooms and windows. It is made of bricks, cement and iron. It has three storeys. Can you draw a picture of your house? Note to the Teacher: This is more or less a practical lesson. Ask the students to find out different types of houses. Help them to draw the types of houses they see and let them colour it. 58

Evaluation Exercises 1 Look at the pictures and write two differences between the two houses. a. b. a. ........................................................................................... b. ........................................................................................... 2 Read the text and answer. a. How many storeys does a small house have? ........................................................................................... b. What three things are needed to make a small house? ........................................................................................... c. Where do you find big houses? ........................................................................................... d. What three things are needed to make a big house? ........................................................................................... 3 What things are used to make a house? Write any four things. a. ......w...o...o...d........... b. .......................... c. .......................... d. .......................... e. .......................... Social Studies - Book 1 59

LESSON DRAWING IS FUN 4 Objectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n draw the picture of their school. n notice the other things that are present in the school. I am Aman Shrestha. This is my school. I have drawn it. Note to the Teacher: Teachers have to take an active part in helping and encouraging the students 60 to see and draw many things about their school.

Evaluation Exercises 1 Draw a picture of your school like Aman and colour it. Social Studies - Book 1 61

LESSON MARY’S CLASSROOM 5 Objectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n draw a simple sketch of their classroom. n identify the things present in the classroom. Dear Kabita, I got your letter last Sunday. You have asked me to write about my classroom. Here I am writing about my classroom. My classroom has one door and two windows. The colour of my classroom is red. There are six desks and six benches. Three students sit on each bench. There is a table and a chair for my teacher. There is a whiteboard. My teacher writes on it. There is a school calendar hanging on the wall. There is a dustbin near the door. We throw rubbish in the dustbin. My teacher keeps a marker and a duster on the table. Some classrooms still have blackboards. We use a chalk stick to write on them. Me and my friends always keep our classroom neat and clean. My classroom is very beautiful. Your friend, Mary Note to the Teacher: Let the students observe the thing in their classroom and help them to 62 draw a sketch of it with the things found inside it.

Evaluation Exercises 1 Draw your classroom and colour it. 2 What things are there in your classroom? Name them. a. ..........d...u..s...t..b...i.n.................... b. ........................................... c. ............................................ d. ........................................... e. ............................................ f. ............................................ 3 Write two sentences about your classroom. a. ............................................................................................. b. ............................................................................................. 4 Who am I? a. People use me to write but I am not a pencil. ................................ b. I have four legs. People sit on me but I am not a sofa. ............................... Social Studies - Book 1 63

SPOT THE DIFFERENCES Spot and circle five differences between the two pictures.

GLOSSARY farm : land for growing crops landform : shape and look of an area of land lawn : an area of grass steep : slope, not flat storeys : floors of a building surrounded : covered from all sides tidy : neat and clean Review Exercises 1 Look at the picture and answer. Gopal’s house Maya’s house a. Whose house is in a high land? ..................................................................................... b. Whose house is in a low land? ..................................................................................... c. What type of house does Gopal have? ..................................................................................... d. What type of house does Maya have? ..................................................................................... Social Studies - Book 1 65

2 Look and answer. Answer the following questions. a. How many buildings are there? ..................................................................................... b. What can you see in the school compound? ..................................................................................... c. What type of house is there next to the school? ..................................................................................... d. What can you see behind the school? ..................................................................................... e. What type of landform is it? ..................................................................................... 66

6 OUR PAST My Birthday Visit To Mamaghar Family Picture My Parents Social Studies - Book 1 67

LESSON MY BIRTHDAY 1 Objectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n tell their date of birth. n tell their place of birth. Sonali: You look very happy Gaurav, anything special today? Gaurav: Yes, it’s my birthday today. Sonali: Oh, happy birthday! So, how old are you now? Gaurav: Thank you. I am six years old. I was born on the 5th of Bhadra 2069. When is your birthday? Sonali: My birthday is on the 9th of Kartik. My mother says I was born on a Monday, 2069 in Patan Hospital. Were you born in a hospital, too? Gaurav: Yes, I was born in Manipal Hospital at 5 o’ clock in the morning. I am celebrating my birthday with my friends and family at home. Will you please come? Sonali: Sure I will. Once again “Happy Birthday”. Note to the Teacher: Before starting this lesson, tell the students to write about their birth place, date of birth, month, day, age, etc by getting help from their parents/guardians and let 68 them tell about it in class.

Evaluation Exercises 1 Match the following: Day 2069 BS Jestha Year Thursday Month 2 Complete the following chart about yourself. Name Birthday Day Year Month 3 Look at the calendar at your home and complete the following. a. Today is......................day..................month.................year. b. The month of Falgun comes after........................................ c. Monday comes after............................................................ d. There are..................................................months in a year. e. There are......................................................days in a week. 4 Think and Write. a. Where were you born? Write the name of your birth place. ............................................................................................. b. How old are you now? ............................................................................................. Social Studies - Book 1 69

LESSON VISIT TO MAMAGHAR 2 Objectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n tell the name of their maternal uncle’s home. n speak about the relation to the people in their Mamaghar. I am Pasang Sherpa. I live in Lukla. During my holidays I go to my mamaghar. My mamaghar is in Namche Bazar. My mamaghar is the birthplace of my mother. My mother’s parents are my maternal grandparents. My mother has a brother. He is my mama. He usually gives me new clothes as a present. He has a wife. She is my maiju. My maiju cooks my favourite food. They love me very much. I go to my mamaghar during Lhosar. I stay there for many days. My mamaghar is located at a very high place. In winter, it is very cold and snow falls in this season. I like to play in the snow. There is no motorable road to my mamaghar. We go there by aeroplane. I also enjoy going to my father’s mamaghar. It is in Taplejung. Everybody loves me there. Do you like to go to your mamaghar? Note to the Teacher: Let the students know about the past and present of their grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, etc. Let them interact with each other about the past and present 70 of their family members.

Evaluation Exercises 1 Read the text and fill in the blanks. a. Mamaghar is the ........................................ of my mother. b. Mother’s brother is my .................................................... . c. Mama’s wife is my ............................................................ . d. Mother’s parents are my ........................... grandparents. (maiju, birthplace, maternal, mama) 2 Read the text and answer. a. Where does Pasang go during her holidays? ............................................................................................ b. Where is Pasang’s mamaghar? ............................................................................................ c. Who lives in your mamaghar? ............................................................................................ d. How does Pasang go to her mamaghar? ............................................................................................ e. Where is Pasang’s mamaghar located? ............................................................................................ f. When do you go to your mamaghar? ............................................................................................ Social Studies - Book 1 71

LESSON FAMILY PICTURE 3 Objectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n speak about their grandparents. n tell about the relation of their family members. This is Nisha’s family picture. There are many members in her family. The eldest person in her family is her grandfather. His name is Bharat Lal. Her grandmother’s name is Meena. Nisha loves and respects them. Her grandparents have two sons but no daughters . Nisha’s father is the eldest son. His name is Deepak. He is a doctor. He is married to Shanti. They are husband and wife. She is Nisha’s mother. Nisha’s parents love her very much. Lokesh is Nisha’s uncle. He is her father’s brother. He always gives her gifts and chocolates. She enjoys going out with him. He is married to Archana. She is Nisha’s aunt. Her aunt gives her story books to read. She enjoys reading very much. Do you enjoy reading story books? Note to the Teacher: Ask the students to bring their family photo. Tell them to introduce their 72 family and show the relation with them.

Evaluation Exercises 1 Read the text and write true or false. a. The eldest person in Nisha’s family is her grandfather. b. Lokesh is her mama. c. Deepak is the youngest son of Bharat Lal. d. Archana is her aunt. e. Nisha enjoys reading story books. 2 Read the text and answer. a. Who is the oldest person in Nisha’s family? ............................................................................................ b. How many children do Nisha’s grandparents have? ............................................................................................ c. What does Nisha’s uncle give her? ............................................................................................ d. Why does Nisha’s aunt give her story books? ............................................................................................ 3 Complete the following table with the help of your parents: Person Date of Birth Place of Birth Living at Present Yourself Father Mother Social Studies - Book 1 73

LESSON MY PARENTS 4 Objectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n identify the senior member of a family. n speak about the role of parents in a family. My family members work together at home. They help to keep our family happy. My father is a police officer. He is a very brave man. He is the head of our family. I feel proud of him. He earns for the family. He helps my mother with the household work. He respects, loves and takes care of his parents. I have learned to respect the elders in my family from him. My mother is a nurse. She takes care of sick people. She works in a hospital. She also earns for the family. She cooks healthy food for our family. She always provides us with boiled drinking water. She keeps our kitchen neat and clean. Because of her our family is always healthy and happy. Mother usually goes to market and buys fresh vegetables for us. She is the heart of the family. I love my family very much. Do you love your family? Note to the Teacher: Exhibit the pictures of different work done by the family members according to their responsibility and discuss in class. Ask the students turn by turn about the 74 different work done by their family members.

Evaluation Exercises 1 What kind of work are the following people doing in the pictures? Write the answer in the given space. a. b. c. d. e. f. 2 Read the text and match the following: Brave man head of the family Nurse heart of the family Father hospital Mother police officer 3 Think and Write. a. Who is the heart of your family? ............................................................................................ b. Who is the head of your family? ............................................................................................ Social Studies - Book 1 75

WORD HUNT Find seven days of a week. One is done for you. A SUNDAY I J C T A F H V NM L AM U S A T URDA YO E QWE F T Y U O N S THUR SDAYD DASD I GH J KA AZ X CDUVOL Y Y G F A A P Z MW B Z BMV Y K Q T X O WE DN E S DA Y D SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAYSATURDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

GLOSSARY brave : fearless eldest : oldest favourite : most liked household : relating to homes provides : gives respect : having regard for others Review Exercises 1 Write the names of seven days. .............................. ............................. .............................. .............................. ............................. .............................. .............................. 2 Write the names of Nepali months in order. Tick ( ) the month you were born. .............................. ............................. Ashwin .............................. ............................. Poush Ashadh .............................. ............................. Jestha Kartik .............................. ............................. MBCaahinsahgitsariakSrhhMFraaalwgguahnn .............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. Bhadra Social Studies - Book 1 77

3 Choose the correct word for each blank space. (grandmother, grandfather, cousin, uncle) a. My father’s brother is my................................................ . b. My mother’s father is my................................................ . c. My father’s mother is my................................................. . d. My uncle’s son is my........................................................ . 4 Draw the picture of your mamaghar and colour it. 78

7 OUR ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Helpful Anjana Enjoy Helping Good To Be Careful Healthy Food Family Work

LESSON HELPFUL ANJANA 1 Objectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n say how to help their family members in household work. n tell the kinds of work they can do to help their family members. My name is Anjana. I love to help my family members. Would you like to know how? Father: Oh! I am late for the office. Anjana: Don’t worry father, I will get you your bag. Father: Thank you, dear. Your grandmother is not feeling well. Don’t make too much noise. Remember to give her medicine. I have kept it on the table. Anjana: Ok, father. Anjana: Grandma, I have brought you your medicine and a glass of water. Grandmother: Thank you, my dear. (Somebody knocks at the door.) Mother: Somebody is at the door. It must be the milkman. Anjana: Okay mother. I will go and get the milk. Amit: Didi, can you help me sharpen my pencil? Anjana: Sure my little brother, give it to me. Amit: Thank you so much Didi. Note to the Teacher: Let the students talk about the works they do and can do at home through class participation and role play. Let them be aware that some works are not suitable for them. 80

Evaluation Exercises 1 What things are needed to do the following work? Work Things needed To clean the house broom To cook food To do homework 2 Tick ( ) the work you can do and cross (X) the work you cannot do. a. I help my mother cook food. b. I help my father in his office work. c. I help my grandmother use the toilet. d. I help my younger brother and sister in their homework. 3 Look at the pictures below and write ‘I do’ and ‘I do not do’. a. b. c. d. e. f. Social Studies - Book 1 81

LESSON ENJOY HELPINGObjectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n tell the types of occupation that the family members follow. 2 n say how to help the family members when needed. Mira is a small girl. Her family members work in different occupations. She helps them as much as she can. Her grandfather is a weaver. He weaves mats. She brings straw for him. Her father is a potter. He makes earthen pots and sells them in market. Mira helps him in making pots. She brings him clay and water. Her grandmother is a vegetable vendor. Mira helps her grandmother pick and wash vegetables. Her mother is a shopkeeper. She helps her pack things. She also helps her to put things in their right place. She enjoys helping her family members. “Small hands can be helpful too.” Note to the Teacher: Encourage the students to help their family members in their work according to their ability. Take the students nearby the school, show them the people engaged in different occupations and let them know the reason of doing those works. 82

Evaluation Exercises 1 Match the following: making earthen pots weaving mats selling goods selling vegetables 2 How does Mira help them? a. Grandfather: ....................................................................... b. Father: ............................................................................... c. Grandmother: ..................................................................... d. Mother: ............................................................................. 3 What is the occupation of your parents? My father is a .......................................................................... My mother is a ....................................................................... Social Studies - Book 1 83

LESSON GOOD TO BE CAREFULObjectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 3 n learn to take care of their belongings. n learn the method of taking care of their belongings. Once there was a girl named Mita. She was a very careless girl. One day she met Binita. They soon became friends. Binita was a very careful girl. Before After Binita took good care of her books. She covered them and never tore pages. She kept her books inside her bag. She sharpened her pencils only when needed. She used one pencil for a long time. She did not lose her eraser and ruler. She kept them inside the pencil box. She always folded her uniform. She kept it neatly inside the cupboard. She put her shoes, socks and bag in the right place. She did not waste toothpaste. She always washed her hands with soap before and after each meal. She never forgot to close the tap after use. Binita taught all these things to Mita. Now Mita has become careful too. Would you like to be careful like Mita? Note to the Teacher: Let the students look into each other’s bags in the classroom and let them find out the condition of the things of their friends. Encourage them about the proper use of their 84 personal belongings.

Evaluation Exercises 1 Draw “J” smiley for the correct and “L” grumpy for the incorrect sentences. a. We should keep our pencil in the pencil box. b. We should waste our toothpaste. c. We should leave the tap open. d. We should cover our books. 2 Read the text and fill in the blanks. a. Binita kept her books inside her ......................................... b. Binita sharpened her..............................only when needed. c. Binita always folded her...................................................... d. Binita washed her ................................................with soap. e. Binita never forgets to close the........................................... (pencil, hands, tap, uniform, bag) 3 How do you take care of your personal belongings? Name of things Ways to take care shoes keep in a shoe-rack Social Studies - Book 1 85

LESSON HEALTHY FOOD 4 Objectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n tell that there are many foods produced at home. n learn about the healthy and unhealthy foods. Sabina: Dev, why didn’t you come to school today? Dev: I was not feeling well. I am suffering from diarrhea. Sabina: Did you eat stale food or junk food? Dev: I ate packed food for lunch. Sabina: Don’t you know ready-made packed foods are not good for health? My grandmother told me that they harm our body. Junk Food Dev: But I like it so much. Sabina: That is why you fall sick. We should eat home cooked food like- rice, roti, daal and fresh vegetables. It gives us energy and good health. Dev: What about milk and curd? Sabina: Milk and curd are also good for our health. Beside this I love to eat Gundruk, beaten rice (Chiura), Dhindo with fresh vegetables and daal. Seasonal fruits are also healthy and tasty. Dev: From now on I will always eat home cooked food. Thank you Sabina! Sabina: You are welcome. Note to the Teacher: Ask the students about their daily food and list them. Tell them the advantages and disadvantages of homemade and junk foods. Encourage them to eat healthy 86 food and avoid the unhealthy food.

Evaluation Exercises 1 Tick ( ) the healthy food and cross (X) the unhealthy food. 2 Tick ( ) for the correct and cross (X) for the wrong statements: a. Stale food is tasty. b. Ready-made packed food is not good for our health. c. Junk food harms our body. d. Daal, rice and fresh vegetables give us energy. e. Seasonal fruits are healthy. 3 Name any four healthy foods you eat at home. a. ........................................... b. ............................................ c. ........................................... d. ............................................ 4 Do you like to eat packed or junk food? ................................................................................................ 5 Name any four food you do not like to eat. a. ........................................... b. ............................................ c. ........................................... d. ............................................ 6 Read the text and answer. a. Why did Dev suffer from diarrhea? ............................................................................................ Social Studies - Book 1 87

LESSON FAMILY WORK 5 Objectives: After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n list out some useful things that can be produced at home. n tell the advantages of homemade goods. Madhuri lives in a small village. Her parents, grandparents, uncle and aunt all live together. Her father and uncle have a farm. They grow crops, vegetables and fruits on their farm. They also have some hens, ducks and a cow at their home. Her aunt is very good at knitting. During the winter season she knits woolen caps, socks, sweater and gloves for them to wear. Her mother works at home. She makes pickle and sells them in the market. She also stitches clothes. Her grandmother weaves Dokos, Dalo, Namlo, etc. They are very useful in their home. All the family members work together and help each other. Indeed, Madhuri’s family is a happy family. Note to the Teacher: Let the students list the things produced in their home. Tell them the advantages of producing such goods at home eg:- It saves time, money, learn skills, etc. 88 Encourage them to use homemade goods.

Evaluation Exercises 1 What work does Madhuri’s family members do in the village? Family members Work Father Mother Uncle Grandmother Aunt 2 Look at different things in your home. Write which are made at your home and which are brought from outside. Things Where are they made Sweater Made at home Cup Made outside 3 The snake ate up all the words at a time. Can you separate them again? ndfruitsonhisfarm . Madhurisfathergrowscropsaswellasvegetablesa ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ Social Studies - Book 1 89

ODD ONE OUT Circle the odd ones. chocolate noodles pot biscuit father aunt sister teacher cabbage noodles carrot pumpkin pencil eraser pen skirt tailor farmer sickle teacher 90

GLOSSARY careless : not paying attention junk : food that is not healthy knocks : taps on a surface milkman : a man who sells milk neatly : in a clean way ready-made : ready to use vendor : seller Review Exercises 1 Name the following pictures: ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... (pot, ruler, straws, clay ) Social Studies - Book 1 91

2 Circle the things that are made at home. pot toy mat bottle jacket doko dalo 3 Circle the food items that are cooked at home. rice chips roti daal milk noodles bread vegetable 4 Write Good or Bad. a. We should help our family members in their work. ........................................ b. We should not take care of our belongings. ........................................ c. Noodles are often made in a factory. ........................................ d. Daal, rice and fresh vegetables give us energy. ........................................ 92

CREATIVE ART Drawing Colour Printing Paper Collage Clay Work Ink Blotting Wax Painting

1L e s s o n Drawing Things Needed Method ? A sheet of paper First show the above pictures to the ? Some colour pencils and students. Ask them to draw some pictures they like by using colour chalk pencils and chalk. Also tell them to use fingers to draw on sand or flour. Note to the Teacher: Encourage the students to draw pictures freely. Ask different questions to initiate discussion about the pictures. Also ask them to sketch zigzag lines on paper, sand, flour, ground, etc. Exhibit the pictures and let them discuss in groups. 94

2L e s s o n Colour Things Needed Method ? A sheet of paper First mix water with colour by using a ? Water colour, brush and brush. Ask them to make paintings on a sheet of paper. water. Note to the Teacher: Let the students observe the colours of different objects around them and ask questions about the colours. Encourage them to make new colours by mixing two colours. Social Studies - Book 1 95

3L e s s o n Printing Finger Printing Hand Printing Things Needed Method ? A sheet of paper Put a colour on your hands and fingers. ? Liquid paints Press your hands firmly on a sheet of ? Plate or bowl paper. You will see a beautiful design of your hands. Note to the Teacher: Talk about the above pictures with the students. Encourage them to print different shapes on paper. Use a big sheet of white paper or cloth to do the hand or finger printing. Exhibit their printings in class. 96

4L e s s o n Paper Collage Things Needed Method ? A sheet of thick paper First draw a shape of a thing that you ? Colour paper want to make. Tear some pieces from ? Gluestick colourful paper or newspapers. Stick ? Colourful newspapers glue behind the torn pieces and paste ? Pencil or marker for drawing them inside the picture according to the shape. You see a beautiful collage. Note to the Teacher: As collage is an art of making different shapes by pasting pieces of paper, help the students tear the pieces that fit the shape of the object they draw. Other materials that can also be used instead of newspapers are old books, copies and magazines. Social Studies - Book 1 97

5L e s s o n Clay Work Things Needed Method ? Colourful clay or clay First mix water in the clay. Knead the clay ? Water and make a roll. Try to make a shape of a thing that you imagine. You can also use a toothpick or matchstick for support. Note to the Teacher: Encourage the students to make a shape of a thing as they like. Arrange soil and add sufficient water to make it clay. Collect the clay work prepared by the students and exhibit and discuss in class. 98

6L e s s o n Ink Blotting Things Needed Method ? A sheet of white paper First fold the paper in half. Put some drop of colour on one side of the fold. ? A spoon Fold the other half over and press firmly. Open the paper slowly, you will ? Liquid colour find a beautiful design. Note to the Teacher: Let the students observe the ink blotting designs given on this page. Teach them to make different designs by blotting different colours. Also guide them to use matching colours for the design. SSoocciaial lSSttuuddieiess- -BBooookk11 99

7L e s s o n Wax Painting Things Needed Method ? A sheet of drawing paper First draw a picture on a sheet of paper ? Candle wax with wax. Using a paintbrush and paint ? Liquid colour the picture with different colours. You ? Paint brush will see your drawing flourish. Note to the Teacher: Demonstrate the process of making a wax painting to the students and ask them to follow the steps. Teach them to use the candle wax to draw objects on a sheet of paper. 100