Social Studies Book 3_2077 Edition

Dear Aama, How are you? I hope you and baba are fine and healthy. Sorry I am not able to write to you often. I am very busy in my work. But I always remember and pray for you both. I hope you received the money that I sent you. Please buy some new sarees for yourself and some new clothes for baba. I will be very happy if you do so. I will be coming home for Dashain. I am very excited to meet you both. It’s just two months for Dashain and I will be there with you. We will have lots of fun during Dashain. This time I have extended my holidays. We will get to spend more time together. Please give my regards to kaka and kaki. Take care of yourself and baba. Your loving son, Kamal Old woman: Thank you so much nani for reading the letter. Kusum: It’s my pleasure aama. GLOSSARY Allow : let someone do/have something Extended : continued for a long period of time Foreign : located away from one’s native country Location : a particular place Regards : best wishes Shifted : to move from one place to another Spend : to pass time in a particular way Note to the Teacher: Discuss with the students what they can do when they observe someone who needs help. What kind of help would they give? Ask them how they help aged and differently abled people in time of need. Motivate them to help such people. Social Studies - Book 3 51

Evaluation Exercises 1 How would you help a stranger? a. ............................................................................................... b. ............................................................................................... 2 Has anybody ever helped you in time of need? How? ..................................................................................................... 3 Read the lesson and answer. a. Why was the old woman running? b. How did Kusum help the old woman? 4 Read the letter given below and answer the question. Dear Aama, I am fine here. I hope you are also fine there. Did you get the money that I sent you? Please buy a new sari for yourself. I will be coming home for Dashain. I miss both of you. How is baba doing? Please give my regards to him. It’s just two months until Dashain, and I will be there. Please take care of yourselves. Loving son, Kamal a. Who has written the letter and to whom? b. When will Kamal come home? Project Work Write a short letter to your elder brother or sister who is living in another city or town. 52 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON OUR NATURAL RESOURCES 3 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n make a list of natural resources available in their locality. n list a use for each resources. n discuss how to protect these valuable resources. Teacher: Yesterday we studied about our “natural resources”. Aayam, can you define natural resources? Aayam: Natural resources are all the land, forests, energy sources and minerals existing naturally in a place that can be used by people. They are used to produce many different useful things. Teacher: Bipasana, can you tell something about the natural resources found in our country? Bipasana: The most important natural resources found in our country are: Natural Resources Water Soil Forest Minerals Teacher: Abheek, now can you tell us the importance of water in our life? Abheek: Yes, sir. Water is the most important natural resource. It is used for drinking and washing. Water is used for many other purposes too. The main sources of water are lakes, rivers, wells and rainfall. It is also used for irrigation and to produce hydro-electricity. Social Studies - Book 3 53

Teacher: Now, who is going to tell me about the importance of soil and minerals? Chirag: I can talk about soil. Soil is essential to grow crops, vegetables and fruits. Vegetation is not possible without soil. It is also the source of various minerals. Kabina: I can talk about minerals. Minerals are the substances found in the earth which contain useful elements like copper, iron, gold, etc. Minerals are used as raw materials to produce different things in the factories and industries. Examples include utensils, iron rods, jewelry, etc. Teacher: Good. Why is the forest important for us, Hema? Hema: Forests are the areas of land covered with various types of trees. It is also the habitat for wildlife. There are different kinds of trees found in the forests of Nepal such as Sal, Sisam, Chanp, etc. People get firewood from the forest. The timber is used for making different kinds of furniture. Different kinds of herbs are also found in the forest. These herbs are used for medicinal purpose. Forests also help to cause rainfalls. The roots of the trees help to bind the soil and reduce landslides and soil erosions. 54 Social Studies - Book 3

Teacher: All of you have answered well. Now, all of you have understood the types and importance of natural resources. Natural resources are a gift from nature. We should also learn to preserve them. We should keep the sources of water clean. We should not waste water unnecessarily. We should carry out plantation and preserve the forests we have. Forest helps to control soil erosion. Dams should be built in rivers for irrigation and to control floods. Natural resources are our natural wealth, and we should always preserve them. GLOSSARY : a barrier constructed to control the flow or rise Dams in the level of water Erosions : wearing down of earth’s surface by the action of water, wind or other natural agents Floods : an overflowing of water onto land beyond its limit Habitat : a natural home of animal, plant and other organism Hydro-electricity : the production of electricity using flowing water Landslides : the downward sliding of rock, soil, etc Medicinal herbs : any plant used for medicine purpose Preserve : maintain something in its original state Resources : a country’s collective means of minerals and natural things Vegetation : the plants of an area or region Note to the Teacher: Teacher should explain the meaning and types of natural resources available in their locality through pictures and illustrations. Let the students discuss their uses and importance. Social Studies - Book 3 55

Evaluation Exercises 1 Look around you and name any four things made of iron. a. ........................................ c. ........................................ b. ........................................ d. ........................................ 2 Match the following: River Mineral Grow crops Forest Sources of water Soil Use in industry Mountain Home of wildlife 3 Answer the following: a. List the natural resources available in your community. b. Which natural resources do you use the most? c. Write any four sources of water. d. Mention any four uses of water. e. Write the name of any two minerals. f. Write any four uses of forest. g. What should be done to preserve the forest? h. Why is soil important for us? Project Work Draw a colourful picture of any one natural resource and display it at your school. 56 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON FOLLOW THE PUBLIC RULES 4 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n understand the importance of reading public notices. n follow the rules in public places. One day while Anuj and his friends were returning from the school, they saw a poster about a book exhibition. They were very excited to go there and planned to go together. They wanted to visit different stalls and buy some books. On their way to the exhibition, they had to cross the road. The road was very busy with lots of vehicles moving. They asked a policewoman for help. The policewoman showed them the traffic lights. She told them that when the light is red, the vehicles stop so that people can cross the road. When the light is yellow, the vehicles are getting ready to move, so they should try to clear the road quickly. When the green light is on, then the vehicles start to move. She also showed them a black and white striped area on the road from where they can safely cross the road. This striped area is called a zebra crossing. After walking for a while, they reached the exhibition hall.At the ticket counter, Santosh saw a notice “33% discount for students”. He quickly gathered their ID cards and bought the tickets. They entered through the door where “Entrance” was written. They saw many attractive Social Studies - Book 3 57

books. There were books BOOK CANTEEN on various topics. Anuj and Exibition his friends were interested in children’s story books. So they bought some. They also gathered brochures, catalogues, etc. It was already 1 o’clock and they started to feel hungry. They saw the signboard that said “Canteen” and went there to eat something. After having lunch they visited many other stalls. Then they wanted to go to the toilet. They looked at the direction board to see which way to go to find the toilet. Soon they felt tired and decided to go home. They followed the arrows leading towards the exit door and walked home. GLOSSARY Attractive : pleasing to the eye or mind Brochures : a small book containing information about the product Catalogues : a complete list of items Discount : a deduction from the original cost of something Exhibition : a public display of art, products, skills, activities, etc Stall : a stand or booth used to sell the things in a market or large area Stripe : a long or narrow band with different colours or textures Topics : a subject or theme for an essay, text, etc Vehicle : a thing used for transporting people or goods on land Note to the Teacher: Show samples of posters, pamphlets, notice boards, etc and ask them to make one of their own. Discuss with the students about their use and importance. Encourage and motivate the students to follow public notices and public rules. 58 Social Studies - Book 3

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a. Have you seen any signs or posters in your town or village? If so, draw any one of them. Write what it indicates. b. Should you throw litter wherever you like in your school? If not, where will you throw it? What is written on the litter bin? c. A beautiful garden and a signboard are shown in the space. But the signboard is blank. If you want the people not to pick the flowers, write an attractive message on the signboard. d. Do you follow the public rules when you go out? If yes, what rules do you follow? Write any four such public rules. Example: I walk on the footpath. (i) .......................................................................... (ii) .......................................................................... (iii) .......................................................................... (iv) .......................................................................... 2 Look at the traffic lights. Write what each light indicates. Red: ................................................................. Yellow: ............................................................. Green: ............................................................. Project Work Prepare a traffic light using cardboard, colour, etc and display in class. Social Studies - Book 3 59

LESSON RIGHTS OF CHILDREN 5 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n define the rights of children. n discuss common duties of children. Children need a good environment and proper treatment to grow mentally, physically and emotionally strong. They need food, clothes, shelter, health facilities, education, protection, entertainment and relaxation. These are the basic rights of children. It is the responsibility of parents and elders to provide all these rights to their children. Children are tender and are dependent on their elders. The future of a child depends on the environment they grow in. If they are not provided with their basic necessities, then they cannot grow up into worthy citizens of the country. Hence, every child should have these basic rights. Parents and elders are responsible to give proper care and guidance to a child. The basic rights of children are: right to food right to clothes right to shelter right to education right to health care right to entertainment right to relaxation right to play right to get love and care 60 Social Studies - Book 3

Most of the children are scared of expressing themselves. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the family, society and the government to defend their rights and see that each child is protected. While children have rights, they also have some duties to perform. Some of these duties are: to study, play, eat and sleep at proper time to pay attention to personal hygiene to respect their elders and love the younger to not use bad language and fight with others to help people in need GLOSSARY Citizens : legal residents of a country Dependent : requiring someone or something for financial or other support Express : say what one thinks or feels Hygiene : cleanliness Tender : gentle, kind and loving Note to the Teacher: Explain to the students what their rights and duties are. Let them discuss their rights in class. Discuss the importance of doing their duty. Social Studies - Book 3 61

Evaluation Exercises 1 Complete the following chart: Rights of the children Right to food 2 Identify and write whether they are “Rights” or “Duties” in the given space. a. To get food and shelter. ......................................................... b. To respect elders and love younger ones. ............................... c. To study, play, eat and sleep at proper time. .......................... d. To share things with others. .................................................. e. To receive love and care. ....................................................... f. To receive health care. .......................................................... 3 Answer the following: a. What is meant by “rights of children”? b. What rights are you enjoying at present? Make a list. c. Why do children need rights? d. Write any four duties you perform. Project Work Write the different rights and duties of children on a placard and display them at your school ground to aware your friends about their basic rights and duties. 62 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON MY WARD AND ITS FUNCTIONS 6 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n describe the composition of their ward. n tell the functions of the ward office. Son : Mom, can you please help me with my homework? I have to write about wards and their functions. Mother : Ok. Listen carefully. For the purpose of making local government, various units have been created at local level. There are metropolitan cities, sub-metropolitan cities, municipalities and rural municipalities. Each of them is divided into wards. A rural municipality contains 5 to 21 wards and others contain 9 to 35 wards. Metropolitan cities 6 Sub-Metropolitan cities 11 276 Municipalities 460 Rural municipalities Son : Can you give me an example of a municipality and its wards? Mother : First let’s take Pokhara-Lekhnath, a metropolitan city, as an example. It is divided into 33 wards. We live in Ward No. 4. There are a chairperson and four ward members on the ward committee. Among the four ward members, one must be a woman. All of them are elected through the voting process by the people. They are elected for a period of five years. Let’s take Lalitpur as the second example. It is divided into 29 wards. Lalitpur is also a metropolitan city. Your mamaghar is in Kopundole, Ward No. 1. Social Studies - Book 3 63

Son : Now can you tell me about the function of the ward? Mother : The ward office does varieties of developmental works. It maintains cleanliness in its area. It helps to construct road, public tap, chautara, school, etc. It helps to keep the records of birth, death, marriage and migration. So, now did you understand the function of the ward? Son : Yes, mom. Thank you for your help. GLOSSARY Elect : to select by giving votes Function : particular work or duty Voting : a process to choose between two or more candidates Note to the Teacher: Discuss with the students what developmental activities are going on in their tole and ward. Tell them who does such developmental activities. Discuss what each ward office does. 64 Social Studies - Book 3

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write (if required, take the help of your parents or elders). a. What is the name of your Municipality or Rural Municipality? b. What is your ward number? c. Name the chairperson of your ward. d. What facilities are available in your ward? 2 Bishal writes about himself in the following ways: Name : Bishal Palikhe District : Kaski Municipality : Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan city Ward No. : 4 Name of place : Ganesh Tole Make a similar list about yourself as prepared by Bishal. 3 Answer the following: a. How many members are there in a ward committee? b. For how many years does the ward member get elected? c. What are the works carried out by the ward office? d. Would you like to be elected as the chairperson of your ward in future? Why? Why not? Project Work Look around your neighbourhood and list the works carried out by your ward office. Social Studies - Book 3 65

Let’s Revise 1 What will you do if you suddenly meet with your teacher around your house? Tick () any two of the following alternatives. a. I will go and hide inside my house. b. I will say Namaste. c. I will ignore her. d. I will invite her to come into my home. 2 Complete the table: Duties of Children Rights of Children 3 Draw any one natural resource and write four uses of it. a. ........................................ c. ........................................ b. ........................................ d. ........................................ 66 Social Studies - Book 3

5Unit OUR EARTH About My Village My Surroundings Our Way of Living Four Directions Drawing Symbol is Fun Social Studies - Book 3 67

LESSON ABOUT MY VILLAGE 1 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n list the names of different types of landforms in their rural municipality/municipality. n describe the social life of people living in their community. My name is Bidhan Budhathoki. I live in Birkot village. It is located at Baglung district. My village is in hilly region of western Nepal. We enjoy warm summers and mild winters here. People do terrace farming on the slope of hills. The hills near my village are covered with forests. My parents are farmers. We have agricultural land near a small river. The level of water rises in the river during the monsoon season. The soil of my village is fertile. My parents grow various crops and vegetables according to the season. Besides agriculture, people are engaged in trade, service, hotel business etc. Though my home is in a village, it is linked to the city by a road. There is a health post and school in my village. We are very 68 Social Studies - Book 3

lucky to have public transportation in my village. People here follow different occupations like tailor, teaching, carpenter, mason etc. Tourists come to my village to reach Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve. It is the only hunting reserve in Nepal. It is specially known for blue sheep, snow leopard, musk deer and pheasant. People belonging to different castes Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve and religions live in my village. They commonly speak Nepali language and celebrate festivals like dashain, tihar, Maghe Sankranti, Buddha Jayanti etc. We all enjoy living together and helping each other in need. GLOSSARY Linked : a relation between two things or situations Located : built in a certain place or position Mason : a skilled worker who builds house Mild : not severe Occupations : the work people do for a living Terrace : each of a series of flat areas made on a slope and used for cultivation Transportation : to carry from one place to another Note to the Teacher: Take the students for a walk near the school and observe the landform, climate, vegetation, rivers, etc. Discuss with the students what they observe. Social Studies - Book 3 69

Evaluation Exercises 1 Answer the following questions with the help of your elder. a. Village/tole’s name: ...................................... b. District: ...................................... c. Region: ...................................... d. Climate: ...................................... e. Language spoken: ...................................... f. Public Facilities: ...................................... g. Occupations: ...................................... h. Tourist sites (if any): ...................................... 2 Make a list of the things existing around your house. a. .......F....o..r...e...s...t........ b. .........L...a...k...e.......... c. ............................ d. .............................. e. ............................ f. ............................ g. .............................. h. ............................ i. ............................ 3 Read the lesson and answer. a. Where is Baglung district? b. What occupations do people follow in Bidhan’s village? c. Why do tourists come to Bidhan’s village? Project Work Draw a picture of your locality along with things available there. 70 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON MY SURROUNDINGS 2 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n explain the lifestyles of people living on different landforms. n describe the climate and vegetation found on various types of landform. I am Subhadra Rai. I live at Taplejung district. It lies in the mountain region. We have the third highest mountain peak, Mt. Kanchenjunga here. It is covered with snow all the time. Tamur river flows through my district. The climate of my village is cold in winter and warm in summer. The landform of my village is not suitable for agriculture. People are mostly engaged in the hotel business and animal husbandry. We are linked through roadways and airway with the rest of Nepal. But our roads are not properly maintained and only limited flights fly to our area. Every year many tourists visit my village for trekking. My mamaghar is in Sarangkot village. It is nearby Pokhara city. It lies on the hill. We can see the beautiful Annapurna range from my mamaghar. We also can see the beautiful Phewa Lake and Seti River from here. People are engaged in agriculture and animal rearing. Social Studies - Book 3 71

Oranges and vegetables grow well here. Many tourists come to see the sunrise and beautiful natural scenery. My mamaghar is a paradise for me. Last year, my parents migrated to Morang district. We now live in a village named Ramailo. I was surprised to see the landform of this place as I could see only plain areas around me. It is located in the Terai region. It has a hot climate. It is good for agriculture because the soil of this place is very fertile. Farmers grow many crops including lots of bananas and mangoes. It is the largest industrial area. Products like jute, sugar, sunflower oil, mustard oil, noodles etc are produced here. GLOSSARY : a route flown by airplanes Airway Animal husbandry : a profession of caring and breeding of domestic animals Fertile : soil capable of producing large amount of crops, vegetables and fruits Migrate : to move from one place to another Paradise : a place or state of great happiness Roadways : a road, especially the part over which vehicles travel Scenery : the natural features of a landscape Trekking : to journey on foot through mountainous areas Note to the Teacher: Discuss with the students three geographical regions of Nepal and differentiate between landforms, climate, vegetation and economic activities of the people. Make a graph listing the differences in these three regions. 72 Social Studies - Book 3

Evaluation Exercises Terai region 1 Match the following: Himalaya region Hill region 2 Describe your village/city like Dev Raj did with the clues given below. I am............................. I live in............................ It is located in the......................district. My village/city lies in the...................... region. The climate of my village is.............................in winter and................................in summer. The landform of my village is.............................for agriculture. People are mostly engaged in.............................. 3 Read the lesson and answer. a. Where does Subhadra live nowadays? b. Name the three regions of Nepal. c. Describe the terai region. Project Work Bring a photo of your native village/town/district. Show it to you classmates and talk about it in details. Social Studies - Book 3 73

LESSON OUR WAY OF LIVING 3 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n describe the way people live who belong to different castes. n describe the rituals performed by the people in their rural municipality/municipality. Teacher : Today we are going to discuss the various social practices and ways of living of our country. Although Nepal is a small country, people of different races, cultures, languages and religions live here. Nemsang, can you tell me about the ways of living in your community? Nemsang : Yes, ma’am. We belong to the Sherpa community. We live in the mountain region. It is a cold place. People of our community wear Bakkhu, Docha and Bangden. We follow Buddhism. We mostly eat Dhindo and potato. Lhosar is our main festival. Teacher : Very good. Now Fulawa, will you tell us about the culture and traditions of your community? Fulawa : Ok, ma’am. We belong to Tharu community. We live in the Terai region. Maghi is our main festival. We celebrate it as our New Year’s Day. Our major occupation is agriculture and fishing. Teacher : Good answer. Yalamber, now will you tell us about your community? Yalamber : Yes, ma’am. We belong to the Rai community. We mostly live in the hills of eastern Nepal. People of our community prefer to work in the army. Many of my relatives are working in the British or Indian army. Sakela, Nwagi and Mangsire are our popular festivals. Wine and pork are 74 Social Studies - Book 3

widely consumed during our religious and social functions. Teacher : Now, Dil Bahadur, it is your turn to tell about your community. Dil : I belong to the Magar community. We Bahadur live in the mountain region. We follow both Hinduism and Buddhism. We have our own language. Women of our community wear lungi, chaubandhi cholo, patuka and shawl. Magar men wear khachhad, bhoto and Nepali topi. The main occupation followed by the Magars is agriculture. Some Magar people also join the army. “Kauda nach” is our popular dance. Maghe Sankranti is our major festival. Teacher : Good. Rabi, what are the important ceremonies observed in your community? Rabi : Ma’am, I belong to the Newar community. We mostly live in Kathmandu valley. The climate of my place is warm. It is neither hot nor cold. People follow both Hindusim and Buddhism in our community. We celebrate many Jatras like Bisket jatra, Bhote Jatra, Ghode Jatra, etc. We celebrate “Mha Puja” during Tihar. Teacher : Good. All of you have given good answers. There are several other races in our country. They have their own language, culture and tradition. It is our duty to preserve our glorious culture and traditions. GLOSSARY Community : a group of people living together in one place Glorious : beautiful, enjoyable Major : the most important Observed : to celebrate Note to the Teacher: Discuss with the students about the different festival, caste, ritual, dress, religion, etc related to them. Ask them to differentiate each others’ culture, traditions and social practises. Social Studies - Book 3 75

Evaluation Exercises 1 What are the places of origin of the following? Match them. Tharu Kathmandu valley Sherpa Eastern hill region Rai-Limbu Himalayan region Newar Terai region 2 Tick (ü) the correct answer from the given alternatives. a. Which community wears Bakkhu and Docha? i. Tharu ii. Brahmin iii. Sherpa b. What is the main occupation of the people of the Tharu community? i. Business ii. Service iii. Agriculture and fishing c. Sakela is the festival for the ............................ i. Newar ii. Tamang iii. Rai d. Which community performs “Kauda Naach”? i. Limbu ii. Gurung iii. Magar 3 Write about yourself. a. Which caste do you belong to? b. What religion do you follow? c. What festivals are observed in your family? d. What is your mother tongue? e. What special dresses are worn in your community? Project Work Collect similar information about two of your classmates and discuss with your other classmates. 76 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON FOUR DIRECTIONS 4 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n draw a simple sketch map of their rural municipality/municipality. n identify the four main directions. One day the students of Namuna Primary School of Dang went for an outing with their teacher. They were walking around their village. On their way they saw many things. They first saw a temple. Many devotees were in the queue waiting for their turn to worship the god. A little further from the temple, they saw a health post and a police station. Nearby the temple they saw a river. There was a wooden bridge over the river. They went across it. There was a thick forest. Their teacher told that there were lots of wild animals in the forest. On their way back they stopped at the play ground. They played football for a while. After playing they felt hungry, and they sat on the chautara to have lunch. Their teacher told them it was time to go back to school. After they reached the school their teacher asked them, “Now tell me what you saw today. Also tell me the direction of those places?” “Sir what do you mean by direction?” asked Amar. Social Studies - Book 3 77

Teacher: Listen, there are four directions. They are North, South, East and West. The direction from where the sun rises in the morning is the East. The direction where the sun sets is the West. When you face towards the East, your left hand side will be the North and the right hand side will be the South. Let’s do it practically. Now everyone face towards the East. From here, the health post and police station is in the East, the river and forest is in the North, the temple is in the South and our school is in the West. GLOSSARY Practically : in actuality rather than in theory Wooden bridge : a wooden structure that provide passage over a gap such as a river or roadway Note to the Teacher: Let the students practice drawing a map of their rural municipality/municipality. Take the students outside the class and teach them to find the four directions. Have the students label their maps with the four directions. 78 Social Studies - Book 3

Evaluation Exercises 1 How can you find east direction? 2 What is the opposite of south? 3 In which direction does your house face? 4 What things are there in the east, west, north and south of your house? 5 What things are there in the north and south of your school? Project Work Draw your house and the things located around your house. Colour it and label the four directions. Social Studies - Book 3 79

LESSON DRAWING SYMBOL IS FUN 5 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n draw the river, lake, path, etc on a map of their village/ municipality. n label those things by using signs and symbols. I am Sagar Ansari. I study in class three. Yesterday our teacher taught us about the various symbols used on a map. Teacher : What did you see on the map? Ansari : I can see a river, pond and few houses Tejendra : And I can also see a temple here. Malini : And I can see the mountain, trees and a road leading to a house. Teacher : Good observation, students. All these are showed on the map through various symbols. Tajendra : What do you mean by symbols? 80 Social Studies - Book 3

Then the teacher showed various symbols used on the map. Teacher : Different meaningful signs which are used to indicate various things on a map like a bridge, road, etc are called symbols. And it’s very important to be able to understand these symbols. Ansari : Why do we need to understand these symbols? Teacher : If you are able to understand the symbols used on a map, you will be able to easily understand the map. And if you have the ability to read the map, you can go anywhere in the world without the fear of getting lost. Mountain House Forest Temple School Well River Health Post Bridge Industry Pond Church GLOSSARY Bridge : a structure to cross a river Indicate : to show or point out Symbol : a mark which represents an object Note to the Teacher: Let the students practice drawing their rural municipality/municipality and insert the river, road, temple, pond, lake, houses, etc using various signs and symbols. Encourage them to often practice the map drawing skill. Social Studies - Book 3 81

Evaluation Exercises 1 Match the following: temple river road bridge mountain church pond 2 Read the lesson and answer. a. What are symbols? b. Why do we need to understand the symbols? c. Why are maps important? Project Work Draw a picture of your village or locality and show various things located there using different signs and symbols. 82 Social Studies - Book 3

Let’s Revise 1 Choose the correct community for these people from the box. Newar Sherpa Magar Tharu 2 Fill in the blanks. I can see........................on the east. Next to it there’s my school. On the........................direction there’s a........................ and a bookstore. On the........................direction, there’s a.....................with a garden and a.....................nearby. There’s a small temple and few........................on the........................ direction. Social Studies - Book 3 83

6Unit OUR PAST Me and My Friends The Brave Warriors of Our Country Lessons from Our Past 84 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON ME AND MY FRIENDS 1 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n discuss the family background of their relatives and neighbour. n discuss the profession and lifestyle of their past and present family members. My name is Arjun Upadhyaya. I live in Butwal with my family. My family has been living in this place for many generations. My father runs a book shop. My mother is a teacher. My grandparents grow crops and vegetables in our field which they sell in the nearby market. Bikash Shrestha and Sumi Lalchan are my best friends. Bikash and Sumi are my neighbours too. We also study in the same school. Bikash and his family have been living in Butwal for the last fifteen years. They migrated here from Palpa, but they still have their house Social Studies - Book 3 85

in Palpa. They were engaged in farming, animal husbandry and ran a small business in their village. Now Bikash’s father is engaged in bee keeping, and his grandparents are engaged in poultry farming. They celebrate festivals like Dashain, Tihar, Maghe Sankranti, etc. They speak in their mother tongue at home. Sumi’s family came to settle in Butwal from Chame village of Manang district. They left Manang ten years ago. They changed their occupation from traditional farming to the hotel business. At present her father runs a garment factory and her mother is engaged in social work. Her grandparents and uncle still live in Manang and run a hotel there. Their major festival is Fagu Purnima (Holi). They often visit their relatives during festivals. GLOSSARY Garment : clothes/dress Generation : people born and living about the same time Traditional : following old ways of doing things Note to the Teacher: Discuss with the students about the people who originally settled in their neighbourhood. Give project work to students to find out who the original natives are and who came because of migration. Students should write a story about a neighbourhood that includes the jobs, social life, festivals, etc celebrated in their society. 86 Social Studies - Book 3

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a. Name any two friends of yours who are also your neighbours. b. Which is the oldest family living in your Tole? c. Choose your closest neighbours. Write the names of his/her three generation. d. Which festivals are celebrated by your neighbours? Name them. 2 What occupation was followed by your family in the past? What occupation is followed now? Ask the eldest member of your family and write in the given table. Occupation in the past Occupation at present 3 Read the lesson and answer. a. What were the occupations of Bikas’s family in the past and at the present? b. What festivals are celebrated at the home of Bikas and Sumi? Project Work Choose two of your closest friends. Then like Arjun, give detailed information about the jobs, social life, festivals, parents and grandparents of your chosen friends. Social Studies - Book 3 87

LESSON THE BRAVE WARRIORS OF OUR COUNTRY 2 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n list the great warriors of our country. n describe the contributions made by them. Dear David, I received your letter yesterday. As you have asked me to write about the brave warriors of Nepal, I am writing whatever I have learned from my teacher. Many great warriors have been born in our country. Among them, Balbhadra Kunwar, Bhakti Thapa and Amar Singh Thapa have played very important roles during the Anglo-Nepal War. The war fought between Nepal and British in 1871 BS is called the Anglo-Nepal war. During the time of the Anglo-Nepal Balbhadra Kunwar war, Balbhadra Kunwar was in charge of Nalapani. Major General Gillespie was deputed there from the British side with 3500 soldiers. Balbhadra Kunwar defeated the British soldiers even though he had only 600 troops including women, children and elderly people. The British soldiers were highly impressed with the bravery shown by the Nepalese warrior. Amar Singh Thapa was another brave soldier from Nepal. He had joined the Nepal army at the age of 17. He had unified the Baise 88 Social Studies - Book 3

and Chaubise Rajya. He extended the Amar Singh Thapa boundary of Nepal to the Tista River in the east and Kangada in the west. During the Bhakti Thapa Anglo-Nepal war, he was the commander of the Nepalese army in the western sector, Rajendra Laxmi Devi Shah and he protected the forts in western Nepal. Social Studies - Book 3 89 Bhakti Thapa was in charge of the Malau fort during the Anglo-Nepal war. Although he was 70 year old then, he still fought bravely. The British had tried to influence these brave warriors by offering them bribe. None of them accepted the offer. Instead they fought bravely to save our motherland. Rajendra Laxmi Devi Shah was one of the great rulers of Nepal. She was the princess of Palpa. She was married to Pratap Singh Shah, the eldest son of King Prithvi Narayan Shah. When Pratap Singh Shah died, she started to rule Nepal as the regent for her son, King Rana Bahadur Shah. During her rule, she conquered many small kingdoms like Kaski, Lamjung, Tanahun, Parbat, etc in Nepal. Rajendra Laxmi is known for her contribution to complete the unification campaign started by King Prithvi Narayan Shah.

We should respect these brave warriors of Nepal for their contributions. I hope you got lots of information about the brave warriors of our country. I would also like to know about the brave people from your country. I will be waiting for your reply. Your friend Abinash GLOSSARY Bribe : to illegally give money to someone to act in their favour Campaign : to engage in an operation planned to achieve a certain goal Contribution : a part played by a person in bringing about a result Defeat : failure to win Deputed : to appoint as a representative Fort : a permanent army post Regent : one who rules when a king is minor Sector : an area or portion that is distinct from others Troops : a group of soldier Unification : process of being united Unified : formed of united in a whole Warrior : one who is engaged or experience in battle Note to the Teacher: Using story telling and showing pictures, describe the contributions made by the great warriors of our country. Encourage the students to find out the contribution of any local people who did good work for their society. 90 Social Studies - Book 3

Evaluation Exercises 1 Match the following: Fort of Nalapani Rajendra Laxmi Prithvi Narayan Shah Conquered Kaski Bhakti Thapa Started unification Amar Singh Thapa Fort of Malau Balbhadra Kunwar Extended Nepal up to Tista 2 Write “True” for right and “False” for wrong statement. a. Balbhadra Kunwar was the in charge of Nalapani. b. There were about 6000 troops with Balbhadra. c. Bhakti Thapa was 90 years old when the Anglo- Nepal war was going on. d. Rajendra Laxmi was the regent of Prithvi Narayan Shah. 3 Answer the following questions. a. What was Anglo-Nepal war? b. List any three great warriors of Nepal? c. What were the eastern and western boundaries of Nepal during the Anglo-Nepal war? d. Describe the contributions given by Rajendra Laxmi Devi Shah. Project Work Balbhadra Kunwar, Rajendra Laxmi, etc have made great contribution for our nation. Similarly, is there any person who has contributed for the welfare of your community? Write their name and contributions. Name of persons Contributions Social Studies - Book 3 91

LESSON LESSONS FROM OUR PAST 3 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n list out the good things of the past. n the good things about those past events and share the lessons learnt from those events. N Map of Nepal Every country has its own history. A country is recognized and identified in the world by its rich culture. Each civilization has its own art, music, language which is unique. Similarly, Nepal has been a country which has its own culture, art, customs which has been handed down from generation to generation. There were brave warriors who fought courageously for our country. They made huge contribution for the development and progress of our nation. We should never forget their contribution and sacrifice. We should learn from them and always be ready to do anything for the integrity of our nation. The independency and the rights we are enjoying today are given to us by our ancestors. We should always put our country first rather than only think about ourselves. If we are able 92 Social Studies - Book 3

to do that then nobody can stop our country from being developed and prosperous. We can see temples, monuments and magnificent work of art in various places of the country. Our ancestors have always preserved them for the younger generation to see, appreciate and gain knowledge about our past. It is Patan Durbar Square now our duty to preserve these for the coming generation so that we can keep our culture alive for many more years to come. Let us rejoice in our language, tradition and custom and our way of life. We have to contribute to the progress of the country and participate as much as possible in the development activities. We have to take the actions of our ancestors as lesson from our past and make our future bright. GLOSSARY Ancestors : a person from whom one is descended Appreciate : to recognize the worth of something Civilization : the society Integrity : the condition of being a whole and undivided Prosperous : doing well/successful Note to the Teacher: Describe some great works and contributions made by our ancestors and ask them what lesson they learnt from their great deeds. Social Studies - Book 3 93

Evaluation Exercises 1 Complete the sentences with the words given in the box. a. We have...........................monuments and temples built by our ancestors. b. Our ancestors........................for the freedom of our country. c. They preserved many good............................for us. d. We have to preserve these things for our............................. generations. e. We should not be selfish and have to work for the ..........................of the country. progress, beautiful, fought, future, things 2 Read the lesson and answer. a. What things of past help us know about our culture and religion? b. What did the brave warriors of our country do for us? Write one of their contributions. c. What is our duty for the future generations? d. Why do we need to learn lessons from our ancestors? Project Work Copy some famous sayings of our ancestors and warriors on a sheet of chart paper and put them on the display board of your classroom. 94 Social Studies - Book 3

Let’s Revise 1 Look at the present and past picture of Adweta’s family. Write five sentences on it. a. ................................................................................... b. ................................................................................... c. ................................................................................... d. ................................................................................... e. ................................................................................... 2 a. Recognize these warriors of Nepal. b. Now write two sentences on each one of them. Social Studies - Book 3 95

7Unit ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Our Professions Friend’s Advice Use of Local Products 96 Social Studies - Book 3

LESSON OUR PROFESSIONS 1 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: n identify the different occupations people follow in their community. n respect every occupation. Hirakaji Maharjan lives in Thecho, Lalitpur. The main occupation of his family is agriculture. His parents work in the field. They produce different types of crops and vegetables. They eat the things produced in their field. They also sell the crops and vegetables in the market. Shaliram is the next door neighbour of Hirakaji. He keeps many cows at his home. Every morning, he goes out to sell milk. Villagers are very happy to get fresh milk early in the morning. Pasang lives in Tukuche, Mustang. There are many yaks at her home. Her father runs the cheese industry. Many villagers come to sell the yak milk at her home. Her father prepares cheese from this milk. The cheese is sold at the local market and also sold to other parts of the country. Social Studies - Book 3 97

Dev Gurung lives in Pokhara. He is a trekking guide. He takes tourists to different parts of the country. His father works in a government office, and mother works in the bank. There is a village to the north of Pokhara called Siklis. The mothers of this village have formed “Aama Samuha”. This group of mothers are involved in several social works. They clean the village from time to time. They forbid people to gamble and drink alcohol. They have made a library from the money they have collected playing Deusi and Bhailo during Tihar. People of our neighbourhood have different occupations. They help us in different ways. We should respect all types of occupations. “People become great by their deed”. GLOSSARY Aama Samuha : a group of mothers involved in social work Alcohol : a liquid drink that causes dizziness Cheese industry : a place where cheese is produced Forbid : order someone not to do something Gamble : play game of chance for money Government : a group of people controlling a country Occupations : jobs, work Trekking : a long journey on foot Note to the Teacher: Interact with the students about different works people do in the society. Tell them the benefit we get from such work. Encourage and motivate them to respect all types of work. 98 Social Studies - Book 3

Evaluation Exercises 1 What do we call the people who do the following works? Works Name Makes furniture Carpenter Works in agriculture Constructs house Checks a patient Flies an aeroplane Teaches in a school 2 Name any six occupations people do in your neighbourhood. a. .............................. b. ............................. c.............................. d. .............................. e. ............................. f. ............................. 3 Write “True” for right and “False” for the wrong statement. a. People who teach in school are called farmer. b. A milkman gives us meat. c. We should respect all types of occupations. d. Businessmen sell goods. 4 What do you want to be in the future when you grow up? Why? ..................................................................................................... 5 Read the lesson and answer. a. What is cheese made from? b. What is Aama Samuha? What does it do? c. What does Dev Gurung do? d. Where do Dev Gurung’s parents work? Project Work Collect information about your neighbourhood’s occupation and discuss in class. Social Studies - Book 3 99

LESSON FRIEND’S ADVICE 2 Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will know: n how to save money. n how to spend money wisely. Yesterday was Rahul’s birthday. He invited his friends and relatives to his home. He received many gifts and was very happy. His Grandmother also gave him some money as a present. She asked him to use the money wisely. The next day he went to the market with his friend Janaki. There they saw a toy shop, an ice-cream parlour, some food stalls and a book shop. Rahul was very excited to see all the things he could buy. First he hurriedly went to the ice-cream parlour and had plenty of ice-cream. After that he went to the food stalls and ate junk food. Janaki tried to stop him from wasting his money on unnecessary things. She reminded him that their exam was coming near. They needed to buy pencils, an eraser, copies and a ruler instead of wasting money on other things. Rahul did not listen to his friend’s advice and again headed towards the toy shop. There he bought some toys. On the other hand Janaki did not waste her money that her parents gave her. She went to the book shop and bought the necessary items for her exam. Both of them returned home. In the evening Rahul suffered from high fever. He had cough and cold. He was not able to study for the exams. He cried a lot. But Janaki was healthy and fine. She was well prepared for her exam. 100 Social Studies - Book 3