Social Studies Book 5_2078 Revised and Updated Edition

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) Do you like to use the goods produced in our own country? Why? b) List the domestic products you use at home and at school. 2 Read the lesson and complete the paragraph using words given below. cement, economy, clothes, employment, cheaper, industries, quality There are lots of things like.........................., .........................., etc which are produced in our country. Most of the things produced here are of good...............................and................................too. If we use our products...................................will be developed. Many new industries will be established. It will generate lots of. ..............................opportunities. People need not go to foreign countries for job. The.........................of our country will be strong. 3 Read the lesson and answer. a) Why do our domestic products not have a high demand in the market? b) What are the benefits of using the things produced in our country? Project Work Read the slogans given below. Such slogans encourage us to use the goods produced in our own country. æ:jbz] L ;fdfgsf] k|ofu] u/f,“} bz] sf] cy{tGq alnof] agfcfÆ}“ æ:jbz] L ;fdfg pkof]u u/f},“ xfdL ;a} cfTdlge{/ agf“Æ} Now, write a slogan which is suitable to paste in public places and encourage the people to use the goods produced in our own country. Social Studies - Book 5 151

5LESSON ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF OUR COUNTRY Objectives : After the completion of this lesson, students will be able to: to n describe the economic activities of our country according geographical region. Nepal is a country with diverse topography. It is divided into three regions: Terai, Hill and Mountain. Each of these regions plays an important role in the development of the country. Terai Region The Terai is the most productive region of Nepal. The population is high compared to other region. The majority of the country’s industries exist here. The soil is very fertile. The climate and landform is very suitable to grow crops. Majority of people are involved in agriculture. Major crops produced here are paddy, wheat, pulses, sugarcane, jute, tobacco and maize. It is capable of producing enough crops for the whole country. So it is also known as “Granary of Nepal”. The eastern districts from Parsa to Jhapa support agro-based industries like- jute factories, sugar mills, rice mills and tobacco factories. The fruits like mango, banana and papaya are grown here. Besides this, beetle nut, coconut, cardamom and tea are also grown. This region is connected with the borders of India. So there are several entry points between Indo-Nepal border. Some major entry points are Kankarbhitta, Jogbeni, Raksaul, Bhairahawa, Rupadiya, Tanakpur, etc. These places are developed as the major trade centre. Hill Region The big cities like Kathmandu and Pokhara are located in this region. Most of the people are engaged in agriculture. The climate and soil is suitable to grow potatoes, tomatoes, oranges, millet, maize and different types of vegetables, etc. This region has very pleasant climate. Many tourists are attracted by the natural beauty of this region. Pokhara is 152 Social Studies - Book 5

also known as the tourist hub. So many people are involved in tourism business. Trade and business are also the major occupation of the people living in this region. Some of the major trade and business center of this region are Kathmandu, Pokhara, Palpa, Dhankuta, Surkhet, etc. Mountain Region The climate and landform of this region is not suitable for agriculture. The people of this region traditionally rear yaks, sheep, chyangra for milk, meat and wool. They weave radi-pakhi (blanket) from the wool of sheep and chyangra. They also make chhurpi and cheese from the milk and sell it in the market. They grow cold-tolerant crops such as potatoes, barley, buckwheat and millet, which are traded across the mountains. Fruits like apple, guava, orange, etc are grown in this region. Besides Sagarmatha, Mt. Saipal, Makalu, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, Langtang and Gaurishankar lies in this region. Many tourists visit there for mountaineering and trekking purpose. So the people of this region have found work as porters, guides, cooks and other accessories to tourism. Annapurna Conservation Area, Langtang, Namche Bazar, Makalu, etc are the major tourist centres of this region. KEY WORDS Accessories : a thing which can be added to something else to make it more useful Granary : a storehouse for grains Mountaineering : a sport of climbing the mountain Porters : a person who carries load Note to the Teacher: Discuss with student about the income generating activities of their community and benefit of it to the society. Take them to show the different economic activities going on in their community. Social Studies - Book 5 153

Evaluation Exercises 1 Think and write. a) Write any four economic activities people follow in your neighbourhood. 2 Write short notes on: a) Terai region b) Hill region c) Mountain region 3 Read the lesson and answer. a) Why Terai region is called the “Granary of Nepal”? b) List the major industries of Nepal. c) Name the entry points located in Indo-Nepal border. Why these entry points are important from economic point of view? d) Why is there more population in Kathmandu valley in comparison to other places of Nepal? e) Why is Hill and Himalaya region famous for tourism? Mention the major centres of tourist attraction of these regions. f) Why do people not follow the same occupation throughout the country? Give reasons. Project Work Which economic activity attracted you the most? What did you like the most about it? Discuss with your class. 154 Social Studies - Book 5

Let’s Revise 1 Write True for correct statement and False for incorrect statement. a. Mustang is a part of Gandaki Province in northern Nepal. b. Tourism is one of the main sources of income in Mustang. c. Mustang is the least populated district of Nepal. d. Mustang produces the largest amount of apples in Nepal e. Mt. Everest, the highest mountain of the world is in this district. 2 Fill in the blanks. a. We shouldn’t scratch on our.........................and.......................... b. Every available material in our school is for our own........................ c. Plucking flowers from the garden is also a.........................habit. d. Our school is our own.......................... 3 Complete the information. a. Local products of terai region.................., .................., ................... b. Some Cottage industries...................., ...................., ..................... c. Sugar is produced at ....................., ....................., ...................... d. Oranges are grown at....................., ....................., ...................... e. Birgunj produces......................, ......................, ....................... 4 List any three advantages of using our local products. a. .................................................................................................. b. .................................................................................................. c. .................................................................................................. 5 Match the following: Sagarmatha a. Granary of Nepal b. Chhurpi Pokhara c. Tourist hub Terai d. Trade centre Mountain e. Mountaineering Raksaul Social Studies - Book 5 155

Let’s Stop And Think “Prevention Is Better Than Cure” CYBER CRIME Reena studies in class five. She likes to socialize with her friends and relatives. To connect with others easily and share her activities, she has opened a Facebook account. She is connected to more than two hundred friends through Facebook. One day she received a Friend request from a stranger. Without thinking much, she accepted the strangers’ Friend request. The stranger introduced himself as a boy who studies in class 6. Soon they started chatting every day. He was very polite and fun to talk with. After almost six months of chatting with him, she started receiving jokes or funny video from him. She always watched and liked them. But soon he started sending her improper videos. At first, she ignored those videos but his messages too started getting vulgar. She now no more prefers to chat with him. But she has no idea how to solve her this problem. So one day, she talked about her problem with her Computer Science teacher. The teacher was very helpful. He taught her how to Unfriend this abusive person. What Reena faced in her life is called Cyber crime. And like Reena, many innocent children who are not much aware about the safety issues on internet gets bullied or abused by such evil people. This is any crime that involves computer and a network. In some cases, the computer may have been used in order to commit the crime. This is any crime that involves computer and a network. In some cases, the computer may have been used in order to commit the crime. Cyber crime is a crime that involves computer and internet network. In such crimes, the criminal uses internet and computer to commit a crime. In the same way the victim 156 Social Studies - Book 5

too suffers through internet and computer. Crimes like fraud, banking fraud, stealing identity, hacking, bullying, mental abuse etc. are committed through internet nowadays. The internet is a huge part of our lives today. In today’s context, when going aboard for job or study is a growing trend, internet and social media accounts have become a must in our lives. And children are no exception. They surf the internet for school homeworks, and obviously use it in their free time for entertainment, gaming, chatting etc. The growing use of internet has led to a growth in cyber crime too. Therefore, it’s very important to be aware of such cyber crimes and take necessary initiatives to prevent them. So Dear students, Don’t take internet for granted. Internet indeed is a great source of information and has answers to everything. But it has flaws too. It does not distinguish between good and bad people. And not everyone is as good and innocent as you are. So beware of such bad people. You like to share what you are doing or eating, who you are with and many other facts on your social media account. You usually without much thought post what you think will make you look great among your friends’ circle. But you fail to realize that what you post is viewed by everyone including your teachers, parents, relatives, friends, friends’ friend etc. And anyone of them could be a hacker with bad intentions towards you. Such evil person can anytime hack and misuse your account. It will lead you to great problems if your account is hacked. It might even affect your reputation in future. Therefore, avoid posting inappropriate posts in your account, don’t accept friend requests from strangers and also don’t share your personal information with anyone on the internet. Make sure that you don’t share your password with anyone and each time you log out from your account. And if you ever encounter such problems, always confide with your seniors and ask for their help. Social Studies - Book 5 157

CREATIVE ART Vegetable Printing Spray Printing Leaf Printing Paper Folding Paper Collage Paper Weaving Wire Sculpture Drawing and Colouring Clay Work Music Drawing by Using Primary colours Secondary colours Geometrical Shapes YELLOW ORANGE BLUE GREEN RED VIOLET Colour Mixing 158 Social Studies - Book 5 Dance

1Lesson VEGETABLE PRINTING Things Needed Method ? Different types of vegetables Cut the vegetables into different ? A paint brush designs. Dip these pieces on the ?Liquid colour liquid colour and press them on ?A knife a white sheet of paper. You get ?Thick piece of paper beautiful designs. Note to the Teacher: Tell the students to be careful while cutting vegetables and making different designs on them. Help them to use the colour on the designs and in making different shapes. Social Studies - Book 5 159

2 Lesson SPRAY PRINTING Things Needed Method ? Liquid Colours Draw a picture of your choice on a ? Scissors, pencil, eraser white sheet of paper. Cut the shape ? Tooth Brush of this paper according to the picture ? Plain sheet of paper to spray on you have drawn. Now put this paper ? Plain sheet of paper to cut the on top of another white sheet of paper. Dip the brush on the liquid shape colour. Now, spray the brush on top of the picture with your fingers. You get a nice spray print. Note to the Teacher: In spray printing, it is important to spray different colours over the cutout shapes. So guide the students to be perfect with cutouts and the techniques of spraying. 160 Social Studies - Book 5

3 Lesson LEAF PRINTING Things Needed Method ? Different types of leaves Use the brush to paint one side of the leaf and press this leaf on the ? A paint brush thick piece of paper. You get designs according to the different shapes of ? Liquid colour the leaves. ? Thick piece of paper Note to the Teacher: Ask students to collect different shapes of leaves and teach them how to put colours on the leaves, and to be accurate while pressing the leaves on the paper. Social Studies - Book 5 161

4 Lesson PAPER FOLDING (A) Step - 1 Step - 2 Step - 3 Fold both side at crease. Fold at centre. Fold downward. Step - 4 Step - 5 Make a crease and push inside. Fold behind at the crease. Flatten to give proper shape. Step - 6 Final Push in to make a break at the Draw eyes and ears. marked portion. An Elephant 162 Social Studies - Book 5

PAPER FOLDING (B) Step - 2 Fold in the dotted line Step - 1 Fold in half Step - 3 Step - 4 Fold in the dotted line Fold in the dotted line Step - 5 Step - 6 Fold in the dotted line Fold in the dotted line Step - 7 Step - 8 DSrtaewp e-ye9s and finished Fold backward in the Turn over dotted line A Fish Note to the Teacher: Show the procedures of making different paper objects. Before the students start making paper objects, it is important for them to know how to make different folds and creases. Social Studies - Book 5 163

5 Lesson PAPER COLLAGE Things Needed Method ? Thick piece of paper or Tear the newspaper and coloured paper into small pieces. Put glue on the back of cardboard these pieces and paste them on a thick piece of paper. Create designs of your ? Colour paper own choice. ? Gluestick/gum ? Sheets of torn newspaper Note to the Teacher: Help the students to make different designs and cut out the paper pieces that to be pasted on the designs. Encourage them to use other materials like plastic, ribbon, tissue paper and other thin materials instead of paper. 164 Social Studies - Book 5

6 Lesson PAPER WEAVING Things Needed Method ? Thick chart paper of any colour Take a square or rectangular piece of paper and fold it in half. Cut the fold ? Glazed paper of different colours of the paper into vertical lines. Then or any types of coloured papers take some coloured paper and cut ? Pencil, ruler, paper cutter them into strips. These strips will be used in the weaving process. Insert ? Gluestick these strips into the square paper. You get a pattern on the paper. Note to the Teacher: Show the materials of different types that we use in weaving and guide them to make designs accordingly. Social Studies - Book 5 165

7 Lesson WIRE SCULPTURE Things Needed Method ? Copper or aluminium wire Take a soft wire. Bend and twist it to which can be bent easily make into the shape of your choice. Take the help of pliers to bend it ? Pliers, Scissors if the wire is hard. Make it into different shapes. ? Thick cardboard to place the wire sculpture Note to the Teacher: Divide the class into groups and help them to make various shapes of wires. Beware of the accident that the wire might cause. 166 Social Studies - Book 5

8 Lesson DRAWING AND COLOURING Draw as instructed and colour the picture. 1 23 4 56 Draw as instructed and colour the picture. 1 23 4 56 Note to the Teacher: Let the students observe different objects and imagine some incidents. Encourage the students to make drawings of what they have observed and imagined, and colour them using different colours. Social Studies - Book 5 167

9 Lesson CLAY WORK 1 Make seven 1 -inch 2 Press each ball with 3 Roll one petal from diameter balls. your thumb to form the edge to create the petal shape. center of the bud. 4 Wrap second petal 5 Wrap third petal around 6 Repeat step 5 with once around center of second, overlapping it by remaining petals, bud, keeping height of about half. Slightly flare attaching all at base. petals even. both edges of the third Remove any excess petal, then pinch petals clay remaining at together at base. base. Things Needed Method ? Soft clay Mix a little water in clay to make it soft and make the petals following ? Some water the above instructions. Note to the Teacher: Help the students prepare the clay ready for making objects. Let them observe different objects made of clay and make other objects using clay. 168 Social Studies - Book 5

10 DRAWING BY USING Lesson GEOMETRICAL SHAPES It is easy to draw pictures by using geometrical shapes. Things Needed Method ? A ruler, a compass and a pencil Make geometrical shapes using a ruler and a compass on thick ? A pair of scissors paper. Cutout the shapes and paste the shapes using glue to make ? A sheet of thick paper different objects. ? A gluestick Note to the Teacher: Exhibit some models to the students and show the procedures. Guide them to make correct measurement and cutting. Social Studies - Book 5 169

11Lesson COLOUR MIXING We can make various colours by mixing different colours. We should add accurate amount of water on coloured powder. We can use red powder, black powder, blue powder, yellow powder, dust of chalk, etc. We should mix some glue to make the colour sustainable and not transferable. Add water to any colour to make it light. Read and learn. Opposite colours Primary colours Secondary colours YELLOW ORANGE RED GREEN BLUE GREEN YELLOW VIOLET RED VIOLET BLUE ORANGE Primary + Primary = Secondary + = YELLOW RED ORANGE + = BLUE GREEN YELLOW + = RED VIOLET BLUE Note to the Teacher: Tell the students about the primary and the secondary colours and what quantity of them should be mixed together or with water to make new colours. 170 Social Studies - Book 5

Colour the following picture by mixing different colours. Social Studies - Book 5 171

12 Lesson MUSIC MADAL Madal is a traditional musical instrument of Nepal. It is the most important instrument in our folk songs. Its right side is smaller and left side is bigger. It is played by beating the two ends with the right hand and left hand. It produces different types of sounds when beaten. Most common sounds are given below: A. Khayali 4 5 6 7 8 Ti Na Ka Dhing Na 1 2 3 Dhing S Na B. Jhyaure 1 2 3 4 5 6 Na Dhi Na Dhing S Ti Note to the Teacher: Encourage the students to practise the Khayali and the Jhyaure beat before they start playing for any song. 172 Social Studies - Book 5

TABLA The tabla is a pair of drums. The smaller drum is played with the right hand and the bigger one by the left hand. It is used in the modern and classical music. It is played from both the hands collaborately. Different types of sounds are played from it. Some of are given below: A. Kaharwa (8 units) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Dha Ge Na Ti Na Ka Dhi Na B. Dadara (6 units) 4 5 6 Dha Tu Na 1 2 3 Dha Dhi Na Note to the Teacher: Let the students practise the above two types of beats on the tabla before they try these beats with any song. Social Studies - Book 5 173

HARMONIUM A harmonium is a musical instrument which is used in classical vocal music, ghazals, bhajans, etc. Its sound is produced by air being blown which is supplied by fingers pressed by the player. It generates different harmonious sounds while played. Practice the following taal. Khyali notes Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sha Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa 1. Aroha : Sa Abroha : Sha 2. Aroha : Sasa Rere Gaga Mama Papa Dhadha Nini Shasha Abroha : Shasha Nini Dhadha Papa Mama Gaga Rere Sasa 3. Aroha : Sareg Regam Gamap Mapadha Padhani Dhanisha Abroha : Shanidha Nidhap Dhapama Pamagare Magaresa 4. Aroha : Saregama Regamapa Gamapadha Mapadhani Padhanisha Abroha : Shanidhapa Nidhapma Dhapamaga Pamagare Magresa Note to the Teacher: Help the students practise the Khyali notes on the harmonium. They should be trained for singing and using the keys to help them know about rhythm and beat. 174 Social Studies - Book 5

13 Lesson DANCE TAMANG SELO Nepal is rich with cultural dances. Folk dances of different communities are very popular and have been enjoyed generations after generations. Among such folk dances, Tamang Selo is one of them. Tamang Selo is a popular dance of the Tamang community. This dance has its own beats and is performed individually or in a group. Some popular dances of Tamang Selo are: a. Chyangba Hoi Chyangba b. Mathi Mathi Sailungema Note to the Teacher: Let the students observe Tamang Selo dances in the videos of different songs and practise their dance movements. Social Studies - Book 5 175

14 Lesson CLASS SONG dg' f xf}“ xfdL slnnf, km'n]/ ;j' f; 5g{5] f“} -b]zsf nflu afR“ g]5f},“ bz] s} nflu dg]5{ f_“} @ xfjf / kfgL /fdf| ] 5, -:jR5 / gLnf] cfsfz_@ ;+;f/n] kH' g] u/s] f], -a4' sf] lbJo k|sfz_@ c;ªVo y“'uf km\"nsf, pgs] f] ;G' b/ dfnf of] -;;+ f/nfO{ dfof l;sfpg,] kljq kf7zfnf of_] @ ljZjdf zflGt kmn} fpg, kl| t1f xfdL ug]5{ f“} -b]zsf nflu afR“ g]5f“,} b]zs} nflu dg{]5f@}“ wtL{df xfdf| ] slxNo}, -j}/Ln] 6S] g kfPg_@ k|f0fsf] afHfL nufof}“, -xfdLnfO{ xK] g kfPg_@ df6fsf] dfof gu/,] gk] fnL sxf“ xg' 5] f“} -t/fOs{ f kmf“6 c“ufnL, lxdfnr'nL 5g' ]5f“_} @ g]kfnsf] gfd rDsfpg, hLjg} ck0{ f ug]5{ f}“ -bz] sf nflu afR“ g]5f,“} b]zsf nflu dg5]{ f“_} @ d'gf xf}“ xfdL slnnf, kmn' /] ;j' f; 5g]{5f}“ -b]zsf nflu af“Rg5] f,“} bz] sf nflu dg{5] f“}_@ Note to the Teacher: Let the students sing the song individually and in the group. Students can make this lesson more interesting by involving themselves in dancing and acting. Explain the meaning of the song. 176 Social Studies - Book 5