PES Wind 3 21

Womble Bond Dickinson Fraunhofer IWES TÜV SÜD Conference calls Demystifying the law Can hydrogen take all the The challenges of storing Previewing Global behind renewable glory for the decarbonization hydrogen for safe long Offshore Wind and investment and generation of our society? distance travel Offshore Energy Exhibition & Conference, as they WIND make their 2021 return All of the latest news, views and pioneering innovations from across the industry. Including show previews, product updates, expert analysis, insights and opinions from the leading players. PLUS, industry legislation, objective assessment on key issues and a huge amount of food for thought in this evolving and exciting energy sector. POWER AND ENERGY SOLUTIONS • ISSUE 3, 2021 WORKING SMARTER WHILE WORKING HARDER

The First US-built, Jones Act-compliant Wind Turbine Installation Vessel The GustoMSC NG-16000X-SJ, developed in cooperation with Keppel Amfels and Seajacks for Dominion Energy, will be operational at the end of 2023. For more information: nov.com/gustomsc

EDITOR’S NOTE Womble Bond Dickinson Fraunhofer IWES TÜV SÜD Conference calls Demystifying the law Can hydrogen take all the The challenges of storing Previewing Global behind renewable glory for the decarbonization hydrogen for safe long Offshore Wind and investment and generation of our society? distance travel Offshore Energy Exhibition & Conference, as they WIND make their 2021 return All of the latest news, views and pioneering innovations from across the industry. Including show previews, product updates, expert analysis, insights and opinions from the leading players. PLUS, industry legislation, objective assessment on key issues and a huge amount of food for thought in this evolving and exciting energy sector. POWER AND ENERGY SOLUTIONS • ISSUE 3, 2021 Editor’s note WORKING SMARTER WHILE WORKING HARDER As the world continues its cautionary approach towards a new kind of normality following the pandemic, taking it slow and steady as she goes, it’s fair to say that the POWER & ENERGY wind energy sector is making great strides forward. SOLUTIONS Much focus in the news has been given to the effects of climate change and the need Directors to take action, and soon. The renewable energy sector has a huge role to play in this, Stuart Gillies which will no doubt only serve to put yet more wind in the sales of the industry’s Mark Smith movers and shakers. It’s an industry that is definitely ahead of the curve and more than Stefann Perrigot ready to take on the challenges ahead, both on and offshore. Client Liaison Manager Vikki Birch A flick through this latest issue of PES Wind is certainly testament to that. From the Editor nuts and bolts of the latest fastening solutions, to the possibilities of hydrogen as a Elaine Perrigot decarbonization game changer and the pros and cons of floating turbines, the range of [email protected] topics explored is as varied as the market itself. Associate Editors Stephen Pearson The challenges of a growing market and the physical growth of wind turbines Zachary George themselves are discussed, along with the need for proactive maintenance, inspection, Design protection and repair to reduce costs while maximizing efficiency. Andrew Jenkins [email protected] The level of innovation and forward thinking in the wind energy industry continues to Production be mind blowing, with technology playing a crucial role in just how quickly the market is Paul Lawson evolving. We’re delighted to get to speak to so many of the innovators and pioneers to [email protected] gain insight into where things are at and the direction it may be heading as we work Sales Enquiries together towards a greener, brighter future. [email protected] General Enquiries And I can’t sign off without giving mention to the welcome return of in-person [email protected] conferences and exhibitions. They may look and feel a little different in a post- Media Partnership Enquiries pandemic kind of way but they’re back and brimming with insights, discussions and [email protected] trends just waiting to be enjoyed. The Global Offshore Wind (GOW) conference and Advertising Opportunities exhibition makes its way to London in September, while Offshore Energy Exhibition & [email protected] Conference (OECC) 2021 is staged in The Netherlands at the end of October. Both PES is published by P&G Media Ltd offer the chance to see and hear about the latest industry innovations, get project updates and gather expert advice in a way that I think we’ve all missed over the past 18 P&G Media Ltd months or so. PO Box 310, Bristol, BS10 5WT, As we head into the last few months of 2021, it’s an exciting time for the wind energy United Kingdom sector with so much more to come we are sure. This publication is copyright © 2017 P&G Media Ltd and Sit back, relax and enjoy! may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form in whole or in part without the prior permission of P&G Media Ltd. Elaine Perrigot While every care has been taken during the preparation of Editor this publication, P&G Media cannot be held responsible for the accuracy of the information published herein or any consequence arising from it. From sustainably managed forests. For more information visit: www.pefc.org www.peswind.com WWW.PESWIND.COM 3

CONTENTS 70 Womble Bond Dickinson and ROOTT focus 46 PES explores the potential for 62 As the alternative energy carrier on the law behind renewable investment and hydrogen in the decarbonization of of the future, how can hydrogen be generation. With the increasing attention society with Frauenhofer IWES. Is transported over long distances given to large-scale renewable energy it the game changer it looks to have safely and efficiently? TÜV SÜD projects over the last five years having been the potential to be? Does it really explains why it calls for a special driven primarily by larger companies until hold the golden bullet, capable of safety concept and the road to now, is it just for the big players? solving all energy issues forever? achieving this. Womble Bond Dickinson Fraunhofer IWES TÜV SÜD Conference calls 6 Conference Call Demystifying the law Can hydrogen take all the The challenges of storing Previewing Global What does the hybrid format of this year’s Global Offshore Wind (GOW21) behind renewable glory for the decarbonization hydrogen for safe long Offshore Wind and conference and exhibition have in store for the offshore wind sector after investment and generation of our society? distance travel Offshore Energy Exhibition more than a year without in-person exhibitions? & Conference, as they WIND make their 2021 return In real life networking is back on the cards at the Offshore Energy Exhibition & Conference (OECC), as the show explores the topic of Offshore Energy in All of the latest news, views and pioneering a Changing World, as the energy transition and the need for sustainability innovations from across the industry. Including show reshape the industry previews, product updates, expert analysis, insights and opinions from the leading players. PLUS, industry legislation, objective assessment on key issues and a huge amount of food for thought in this evolving and exciting energy sector. POWER AND ENERGY SOLUTIONS • ISSUE 3, 2021 WORKING SMARTER 14 We discuss what tomorrow’s digital trading and operations WHILE WORKING HARDER platform for the offshore renewables industry might look like and the need for real-time transparency for operative personnel and decision makers, with Jim Hededal Nielsen, CEO & Founder of DECK1 PES Essential Talking point 56 The wind industry has a huge number 18 Underperformance or non-optimal 24 W ith a wind turbine containing as of bolted joint connections and are often critical to turbine performance operation and power generation are many as 25,000 bolts, with each one and the safety of workers. Atlas Copco a frequent issue for operating wind contributing towards either its structural runs us through the nuts and bolts turbines. Sereema explains how these integrity or how it functions, learning of joint connections and how correct obstacles can be overcome with the the difference between torquing and installation can maximize the lifetime of right access to independent information tensioning with Enerpac is crucial the turbine 132 Ambitious environmental targets from 36 T he new US regime has set some 66 G lobal Offshore talks to PES about governments around the world are ambitious goals for the expansion of adapting and developing processes accelerating the growth of offshore offshore wind energy. To meet the targets and assets for a reliable and cost- renewables and are set to skyrocket and schedule, the US supply chain will effective supply chain as governments, over the next decade. CWind discusses need to expand rapidly. But it takes time environmental charities, energy the need for proactive maintenance, to build a new industry for local conditions. industry bodies and major energy inspection, protection and repair to GustoMSC has a rich history in the companies set ambitious carbon reduce the cost of offshore wind maritime industry and has been involved in reduction targets US projects since 2008. They understand the local specific circumstances, know 90 Meet Eunice, ZX Lidar’s Unit #106 what it takes to get projects going and excel in finishing them successfully which is currently tramping the complex terrain of Greece to help pioneer the 40 Safe and efficient offshore wind country’s clean energy transition. Find out why she’s a star when it comes to operations are reliant on accurate, understanding the wind instantaneous and trusted information from many parameters. Miros explains how the IoT revolution is helping to gather real-time knowledge of local environmental conditions for safe, accurate, fast and trusted results 4 PES WIND

CONTENTS 122 102 DHSS tells PES what it’s like to be the 76 With the Paris Agreement strengthening 86 S tefan Weber, Managing Director of single point of contact for offshore the global response to climate change, Windsourcing.com, returns to PES to energy related companies in the field countries around the world are facing discuss the logistics of supplying spare of ship agency services, port logistics increasing pressure to phase out carbon- parts and repair products as and when and helicopter operations. How do intensive fuels in favour of clean energy. they are needed, wherever that may they ensure their services go above Do floating turbines hold the answer? be. How big a role does digitization and and beyond? DNV thinks so automation play in the puzzle? 106 N atural Power discusses the potential 82 Performing in-depth analysis on over 112 As wind turbines get bigger, wind impact of recent UK government 6,000 surface and sub-surface boulders, parks larger and authorities and safety updates to the requirements for the examined alongside a vast amount of standards are continuously raised, supply chain plan element of Contracts bathymetry data, how did OceanIQ offshore shipping becomes more and for Difference (CfD) auction round 4 engineers safely plan the array cable more specialised. PES caught up with (AR4). How important are experience routes and seabed preparation plans for Sven Boedewig, Managing Director of and shared insight to meeting in the 72 turbine Danish Kriegers Flak site? Waterworks Offshore Concepts, to find preparing for the next round? out how modern ship finance is meeting 95 A s turbine designs grow in power size, high-quality brokerage to get a fair deal 126 At the turn of the century, wind turbines while reducing the space provided 114 How do you make sure that safety, of around 1MW and 70m in diameter for the transformer in the nacelle were common but 20 years later, giants area, H-J has developed a way to help effectiveness, price-performance ratio are now being installed. Croda Europe transformer manufacturers match their and service are all in good shape in wind takes a look at the challenges around high-temperature insulation systems turbine installation? Manfred Eberhard, reducing wind turbine gearbox and CEO of Germany based ematec AG, bearing failures as they grow in size and Ask the experts enlightens PES on how a new generation stature of rotor blade lifters could revolutionise 28 H ave you ever considered renting single blade assembly from the ground up Think tank offshore container space? 122 Drone technology is increasingly being 52 W ith wind energy at the forefront of Hans Gatzemeier, Managing Director at ELA Container Offshore GmbH, used to good effect in the wind industry, power sources society has come to explains why it can be a good idea to but putting safety and efficiency first depend on as a clean energy solution, do so, with the option to buy and even with offshore drone inspections is Campbell Scientific talks wind liveable models also possible essential. PES asks Alex Hall, Chief turbines, their pros and their cons Technology Officer at Drone Inspect and the challenges when it comes to 32 P ES was keen to learn from Fibersail’s Services, how do they do it? implementing new solutions Pedro Pinto CEO and co-founder, Carlos Oliveira, co-founder and executive director, about the possibilities for using fiber optics in monitoring blade performance and condition. Could it be a shape changer for the industry WWW.PESWIND.COM 5

CONFERENCE CALL Year zero: building our energy future faster The Global Offshore Wind (GOW) conference and exhibition is returning in a convenient hybrid format this September. It will provide an exciting opportunity for individuals across the offshore wind sector to immerse themselves in the latest news, challenges, solutions and trends within the field. There will be government updates, company insights and interactive discussions with influential organisations from around the world. It’s certainly not one to miss! GOW21 we’re back and stronger than ever! Book soon to avoid disappointment total peace of mind. Your comfort and safety Programme highlights are our number one priority, so the live event Although we are all enjoying a little more will have reduced capacity to ensure With over 200 expert speakers lined-up for freedom now that social restrictions have adequate space for all. Our new flexible the conference, a vast educational eased, we aim to make GOW21 as safe as ticketing has allowed early booking with programme will be presented to ensure possible for all attendees. That’s why we complete confidence – no matter how far in something for every member of your team. continue to implement any and all advance tickets are booked, full refunds are Among the highlights will be a ministerial precautions that we can, ready to meet the available up until 5 days before the event, keynote address from the Pt Hon Anne-Marie latest recommendations to give all visitors should you suddenly not be able to attend. Trevelyan, Minister for Energy, as well as the 6 PES WIND

CONFERENCE CALL Rt Hon Alok Sharma, President for COP26. New for 2021 • Ocean Safety They will offer a unique insight into government plans to support and facilitate Brought to for the first time in 2021, the • Offshore Wind Growth Partnership growth of the offshore wind sector, providing brand-new Energy Transition Zone, sponsored useful information and reassurance to by ScottishPower Renewables, is the ideal • OGV Energy companies and stakeholders. place for any teams who are transitioning into the offshore wind arena from other areas, • Ørsted The entire programme has been designed to including oil and gas. It’s no secret that the engage and inspire the industry. There will be renewables market offers diverse • Port of Tyne an intriguing mixture of lectures, business opportunities for those who have traditionally leader fireside chats, panel discussions, live dominated other power industries. Ambitious • Recharge and remote debates and so much more! The global net zero targets, company evolutions Global Markets’ industry leaders’ roundtables and general demand are driving many • reNews are another highly-anticipated event, with organisations into renewable energy in a big four sessions being presented remotely by way. The simpler, more efficient and safer we • RES those at the cutting-edge of the field from can make this transition, the quicker we can around the world. Join the discussion on how realise the collective decarbonisation of UK • RWE Renewables Japan aims to meet its offshore wind targets and global industries. The Energy Transition in the next two decades, how the US sector is Zone will be the perfect place to gain practical • SiemensGamsea thriving and what role floating wind will play advice and valuable insights to ensure a in Asia-Pacific markets. It’s the perfect successful move into offshore wind, and it’s • SSE Renewables theatre to discover and be inspired by accessible to all from just £45! opportunities in global emerging markets. • SS&C Intralinks The Innovation Theatre, sponsored by Vestas, will also be an exciting new addition • UK Export Finance for 2021. This will bring the very latest technologies, designs, ideas and concepts to • Vestas the fore, highlighting the huge strides made over the past year. It will be an opportunity • Waves Group for manufacturers and designers to showcase their developments and share how • XOCEAN they are helping to push the boundaries of what is possible in offshore wind. This will Everyone who is anyone will be there certainly be a feature not to miss! As the largest global offshore wind event, Sold-out exhibition GOW21 will be the perfect platform to finally meet with others face-to-face after so long More than 120 organisations will be on hand to apart. A diverse array of 3000+ people will be demonstrate their latest innovations, provide in attendance from manufacturers and project updates and offer bespoke advice to developers, to project managers, anyone who needs it across the sold-out government ministers, shareholders and exhibition floor at GOW21. Even if you are stakeholders, safety and training experts, unable to attend in person, you can still professional associations and many, many interact with exhibitors virtually to ensure you more. This delivers massive potential for get all the information and support you networking, enabling everyone to catch up require. Some of the organisations you can with old friends, make new connections and expect to meet include: generally put faces to names after many months of liaising remotely. • Atkins Global More than this, GOW21 will be a chance to relax • Business Network for Offshore Wind and have some fun with colleagues, to socialise and let your hair down a little. Reception drinks • Catapult Offshore Renewable Energy at the exhibition will be the ideal place to unwind after a busy conference day! • DEME Offshore Industry support • DNV Of course, an event of this calibre and scale is • EnBW-bp not possible without the support of industry. We are honoured to once again have received • Energi Coast outstanding backing from so many organisations who have collaborated with • ERM GOW21 as truly invaluable Event Partners, Event Sponsors, Event Supporters and Media • Equinor Partners. As a trade association, RenewableUK prioritises the needs and • Fred Olsen Windcarrier desires of its members in order to deliver relevant education and support for them. • Fugro The input of these organisations is integral for the design and delivery of GOW21. • GE Renewable Energy Garth Halliday, Director of Events, Marketing & • Global Wind Organisation Membership, said: ‘We would like to extend a massive thank you to all our partners, sponsors • Renewable Parts and supporters. Without them, GOW would not be what it is today and we are so grateful for • Mainstream Renewable Power their help in pulling together such a fantastic programme and speaker line-up.’ WWW.PESWIND.COM 7

CONFERENCE CALL Be in the know • NEW Energy Transition Zone Specialist Theatres • N EW Innovation Theatre – with all the You can also stay up-to-date with the latest With all of this and so much more to look news and goings-on at the event thanks to our latest technology forward to, GOW21 promises to be the returning Widesight Media Hub – a pop-up • NEW Global Markets Roundtable offshore wind event of the year. If you haven’t interview studio where experts will share their • New Event App already, register soon to secure your place own views, insights and perspectives on hot • 3000+ people to network with and start planning your visit to get the very topics from the conference. • Network in-person for the first time in most of your time there. Don’t forget, all the educational content will be available to Nova Garabetian, a Partner at Widesight, many months! delegates after the event so you can refresh said: ‘We love working within this sector and Don’t miss your memory or even access sessions you we strongly feel that to deliver for a client or 3000+ visitors weren’t able to visit at the time. industry you have to be genuinely part of it. 200+ expert speakers Taking that ‘on-tour’ with the Media Hub is a 120+ exhibitors We look forward to finally bringing the great chance to help stimulate essential 40+ countries represented industry together again: see you at GOW21! discussions and extend their impact within the sector and beyond.’ For more information or to register, please visit https://events.renewableuk.com/ Visit the stand and be sure to follow our social gow21-overview channels to see what’s happening, as it happens! #RUKGOW21 Plan your visit To get the very most from your visit, be sure to plan your time at the event. The full programme is available to view online, plus our handy Event App provides an easy way to organise those sessions you don’t want to miss. You can also make a note of those exhibitors you wish to see and ensure you have plenty of time to spend with friends and colleagues too. Why attend GOW21? There are many reasons to attend GOW21, either in person or virtually. Here are our top ten: • Outstanding value – from just £45 • Flexible tickets • Face to face or digital • Join senior level strategy sessions 8 PES WIND

OWGLFINOFSBDHALORE Events.RenewableUK.com/GOW21 E29x–C30eSLeptLemobnerd20o2n1 #RUKGOW21 29–30 September 2021 Conference & Exhibition BOOK WITH CONFIDENCE YEAR ZERO BUILDING OUR ENERGY FUTURE FASTER The wait is over — book now from only £45 —Face to face networking or digital – flexible ticketing —Free cancellation —Senior level strategy sessions —Energy transition and innovation streams —Global market roundtables Event partners

CONFERENCE CALL What makes OEEC as an exhibition special is its connection with its Offshore Energy platform. First of all, with www.offshore-energy.biz, a connector of communities Offshore energy in a changing world The world is changing. The industry is changing. The need to innovate and transform are key in remaining relevant and future-proof. This is true during the COVID-19 period, and it will be so after the pandemic. The world did not stop spinning the last year and the energy transition is shifting into higher gear. Companies incorporate sustainability as part of their business strategy. To make right decisions in times of change, it is essential to have a broad view. Information from our own sector and neighbouring markets can help spot business opportunities. Sharing knowledge with the community creates strong and valuable networks and sparks innovation. 10 PES WIND

CONFERENCE CALL OEEC 2021 Connect both online and offline Front runners, game changers and analysts share their unique views during the ‘Energy It all starts with connecting people. Offshore On the exhibition floor, face-to-face Talks’. Fresh ideas and inspirational insights Energy Exhibition & Conference (OEEC), held connections are leading. ‘After a long period that have a connection with the offshore on 26 and 27 October 2021 in RAI Amsterdam, in which networking and sharing knowledge energy sector are presented during a talk. looks forward to an edition where people can could only be done online, we see that the Six thinkers and doers will each take the see each other in real life, not with the help of industry is longing to meet again in person. stage. The Energy Talks are recorded an internet connection. Because of the OEEC 2021 is grateful to provide an before a live audience and will be vaccination programmes around the globe, opportunity in which people from the broadcasted live during the event. During some Covid-19 restrictions are lifted and we offshore energy and maritime industry can OEEC 2021 a live show is recorded from are returning to a situation where people can see each other in a safe way.’ ‘The Studio’ on the exhibition floor. Expect go out and meet face-to-face. Off course, the latest news from the sector. ‘Round OEEC 2021 will make sure that people can The content programme of OEEC 2021 has Tables’ are interactive gatherings of connect in a safely way. the title ‘Offshore Energy in a Changing likeminded peers. Both onsite and online, World’. The offshore energy sector is Round Tables act as platforms that connect But OEEC is not returning to its pre- changing. Developments like the energy players from the industry. In select groups pandemic ways. ‘Like so many other transition and the need for sustainability are industry knowledges and developments companies, we learned a lot in recent reshaping the industry. These changes also from the markets are shared. In ‘The times. One thing is that the online affect the workforce. To shed light on the Showcase’ programme companies present connection with our audience during the different facets of this transformation online their added value to the offshore event is very important. That is why OEEC Offshore Energy Exhibition & Conference energy industry with informative videos. is going to be hybrid this year, both onsite 2021 presents a content programme in which and online’, says Director of Operations the energy transition and cross-market ‘These concepts will connect the event floor Anne Visser. The event will allow exhibitors, collaboration are leading. It will be together with the digital environment of visitors, speakers and sponsors to connect broadcasted on Offshore-Energy.biz before Navingo Career and Offshore Energy both online and offline with matchmaking, a live audience. platform. In that way we can service our live roundtable discussions. The content customers and global audience regardless of programme will also be broadcasted live Content programme their location,’ says Visser. from OEEC. Expect two content packed days of industry Offshore Energy Platform insights and network opportunities with like-minded peers. In the programme What makes OEEC as an exhibition special is experts talk about, among others of the it connection with its Offshore Energy different facets of the energy transition. The platform. First of all, with www.offshore- content programme has several elements. energy.biz, a connector of communities. It brings daily news from markets of interest, The ‘Talks Shows’ take place in an OEEC in-depth articles and videos, insights from studio and provide strategic visions and industry leaders, an overview of the business intelligence that are of interest for important players in the business landscape the whole offshore energy community. and job boards. It has also online news Because of industry insights based on portals www.offshorewind.biz and business and editorial knowledge, Offshore www.dredgingtoday.com and Offshore Energy presents a landscape in which the Energy Magazine. different markets are connected in relation to the energy transition. The content programme of OEEC 2021 has the title ‘Offshore Energy in a Changing World’ WWW.PESWIND.COM 11

CONFERENCE CALL OffshoreEnergy.biz focuses on the energy transition. Via valuable insights and foresights, it provides an overview on what is going on in our industries. ‘Being future- proof within the oil, gas, maritime, offshore wind and marine energy industries means being part of the energy transition and investing in sustainable solutions. This is why the Offshore Energy platform focuses on these topics. Our communities – the maritime and offshore energy industries - are front-runners in this change. By combining markets, we connect the gears that set the energy transition in motion’, says Anne Visser. Think about it. Maritime ingenuity is needed to construct wind farms. Electric power is transmitted by subsea cabling. Oil and gas are the fuels that make the energy transition happen. Other forms of renewable energy, like marine energy, are needed to meet energy demands. Without dredging, ports cannot function. Everything is connected. ‘Our reach over different markets and specific userbase provides clients valuable visibility. With our platforms we reach a global audience of potential new clients. We tell the story of the companies that drive the energy transition. Join our platform for a targeted approach. Your company has a story. Together we can tell it’, concludes Anne Visser. www.navingocareer.com www.offshore-energy.biz 12 PES WIND

CLEAN FUEL OFFSHORE WIND GREEN MARINE FOSSIL ENERGY MARINE ENERGY SUBSEA DREDGING Save the Date Home of Energy Transition WWW.OFFSHORE-ENERGY.BIZ Created and produced by

ASK THE EXPERTS Working smarter while working harder Achieving true logistic visibility from planning to completion may seem like something of a pipe dream for offshore operators, but can digitizing and automating many processes and linking procurement and operations make it a reality? Jim Hededal Nielsen, CEO & Founder of DECK1, tells PES why he believes it can. 14 PES WIND

ASK THE EXPERTS PES: A very warm welcome to PES Wind Jim. By way of introduction would you like to start by giving a brief insight into who DECK1 are and what it is you do? Jim Hededal Nielsen: DECK1 is a software development start-up based in Denmark. We are building tomorrow’s digital trading and operations platform for the offshore renewables industry. Having worked as an aviation consultant and search and rescue pilot in the offshore renewables industry for over two decades, I experienced at first hand the logistic, contractual, safety and compliance challenges and in-efficiency within the offshore industry today. This, together with a high increase in offshore capacity in the coming decade fostered the idea of creating an open and transparent trading and operations platform, connecting the entire ecosystem of stakeholders within the offshore renewables sector. A platform making previously time consuming and sub-optimal procurement and operation processes truly digital and data-driven and with access to a global instead of a national market. An open and connected ecosystem of stakeholders supported by user-centric designed digital tools contributing to a smarter, safer and more effective industry. That is our vision and what drives us on a daily basis. PES: With the race towards the zero- emission targets of 2035 and 2050 now well and truly on, how do you see digital technology such as that offered by your company helping? JHN: By far the most important aspect of offshore wind farms is reducing downtime. Offshore wind capacity for 2035 is already planned to be 10 times today’s capacity. At the same time, the wind turbine generators are getting bigger and floating wind structures are changing the game by enabling new areas further offshore to be utilized. A digital solution will provide complete transparency in operations through a live map, reduce administrative work and time for each procurement process and enable a faster response to unforeseen and extra tasks. The visibility of the operation and the transparency of the marketplace, enables wind farm operators to react without delay and get the most out of their offshore wind farms by providing more clean energy to our onshore grid. PES: How important do you think the redundant logistic chain is in reaching these zero-emissions targets? JHN: Very important! Just imagine we could save 80kg CO2 for every minute a 7 MW was operating at full capacity. Having easy and fast access to the right transportation solution, at the right time and at the right place would reduce downtime from potentially days to a few hours. Add Brexit, WWW.PESWIND.COM 15

ASK THE EXPERTS Covid travel restrictions etc, and a day’s possibility of buying a service, the buyer only PES: Will everyone benefit from a digital downtime can easily become longer. By using has to pay for the actual usage and not the solution such as DECK1? the DECK1 Live Map the offshore wind farm availability, since the market is more open operations-centre would be able to track and there are multiple available options. JHN: Most will. We have heard arguments personnel, vessels, helicopters and drones such as ‘personal contact is lost’, and ‘we and quickly be able to find the closest and Safety is for the workers that actually fly or want to have sole use assets for best most suited means of transportation when sail every day. Unions have a big impact on availability’, giving the impression that a ad hoc or emergent needs appear. this. Especially with the projected increase in digitalization will replace today’s world. It will offshore activity, there will be a battle for not! It will just be a new way of negotiation, Effectively, this will reduce the time spent from offshore workers with the right skills, and it monitoring and selling offshore transport problem inception to problem solving. 8900 might become a workers-world where the assets, making one person able to manage wind turbine generators represent today’s unions could demand more safety when more operations, which will become more capacity. That capacity is expected to be activity increases. Having a digital evident with the planned increase in offshore 10-fold in 2035, just 14 years from now. Looking marketplace linked to the operations activities in the coming years. at just one wind turbine generator, the effects reporting would give decision makers a tool may seem minimal, but taking an industry-wide to ensure the required safety is provided. A digital system will give optimal value in outlook the effects will be significant. activity dense areas such as the North Sea, Environmental impact will become more and but for companies that operate across PES: What do you see as the biggest more important. National and International borders or globally, even isolated activities drivers in contracts and how important is it political goals, regulations and executive can be negotiated and monitored in the same that offshore wind farms have the right management in leading companies are system, giving the company real-time logistics setup? pushing for greener solutions already. With a transparency to their total global efficiency marketplace that includes drones, and cost. JHN: Price, safety and environmental impact helicopters and vessels in one place, all linked are some of the big drivers in contracts. To to a digital and automatic daily progress PES: Do you think there is a need for an stay competitive in a rapidly developing report system, it will be possible to track the independent trading platform to ensure an industry, this might become even more the green impact in real-time during operations, open market? case within the next couple of years. as well as see the CO2 impact by each transportation solution before procuring. JHN: Yes, absolutely. We have conducted case Price will always be a big factor both for the studies looking at crew transfer vessels and buyer and the seller. By providing the helicopters out of three major offshore hubs in the North Sea. Results indicated that smart sharing of transportation may reduce costs 20-55% for buyers and increase income per transport asset by 10-25% for the sellers. Additionally, the response time will be reduced in many cases when the sole-use assets are broken or in use, and a new segment of buyers will be able to get access to a pool of high-quality transport solutions. PES: Has the Covid pandemic highlighted this do you think and, if so, in what ways? JHN: The pandemic has had a big impact on travel restrictions and the way we use digital tools in our everyday life. Being able to restructure fast can be essential in keeping an offshore operation running efficiently. Several companies have had contracts cancelled or had to cancel and renegotiate soon after Covid travel restrictions were implemented early in 2020. More flexible contracts based on services and higher degree of digitization would help mitigate restrictions. Virtual team meetings have become an everyday event for most managers and we believe that this digitalization will continue into other areas such as procurement, reporting, planning and project handling. The pandemic is one type of challenge, but Brexit, the Jones act, company policies, labour strikes, harbor restrictions etc. are other challenges for offshore wind farm operators to cope with in the coming years, while their activities continue to increase. PES: So where do you see DECK1 helping? JHN: We have focused on creating a transparent trading and operations platform 16 PES WIND

ASK THE EXPERTS where administrative processes are reduced chartering and operations will inevitably find administrative workload for the operative and it is possible to compare multiple assets its way into the offshore renewables and oil personnel and providing the decision makers on price, CO2 emissions etc. Crew transfer and gas industry. It is not a question of if, but with real-time digital transparency. vessels are efficient for transporting a tech a question of when. DECK1 is not aiming at crew, spare parts etc, but are slow compared replacing or cutting out certain stakeholders PES: Looking to the future then, how to a helicopter. Helicopters on the other hand in the offshore ecosystem, but works solely convinced are you that digital technology are fast, can cover a large area, but are towards a truly digital and smarter way of will help move the offshore industry compliant-heavy and expensive. And then we working to transform current tedious, rigid towards sustainability? have drones, a whole new tool for increasingly processes and structures into leaner, more more tasks. Giving the wind farm operators effective solutions, providing a win-win JHN: Transportation to offshore windfarms the opportunity to select the right asset at the situation for everyone in the industry and for could be a bottle neck in the near future. 2020 right time will provide value for all. the environment. had roughly 27.000 transports, in a couple it will pass 50.000 transportations per year, and by Besides our sales platform, we will have our DECK1 is an independent company, not end of the decade we might see more than daily progress report solution ready for early owned by any major player. We provide a full 200.000+ transportation. This rapid increase 2022 and our data-driven analytics solution oversight of the offshore transport sector, would require more than just more people and ready by end 2022. including air and sea. Additionally, we have more transportation assets. They also needed the full circle from searching for an asset, to be utilized in the best way possible, which is PES: What do you think are the main procuring it, following-up with a highly why we have developed an independent digital advantages of DECK1 and what would you automated daily progress report and marketplace that enables smarter use of say to those that may need some convincing collecting it all in a comprehensive, company transportation via automated functions, to get on board? owned, digital business intel module. We efficient flow, integration of other systems etc. make it possible to stay with the projected JHN: The best convincing argument would expansion of the offshore sector, by reducing Besides these obvious advantages such as be to try it! A digitized future for trading, saving money and time, we also hope this will fuel the imagination of the offshore renewable business to be conscious about their selection of transportation. Start to share across windfarms, implement new technologies such as drones faster, combine use of Vessels and helicopter for optimal efficiency etc. It is renewable energy the future needs after all, and we support the transition by enabling easy access to the transportation assets. I strongly believe digitalization and automation will enable the reduction of previous manual and labor-intensive functions such as procurement, enable digital tracking of efficiency and green footprint across multiple operations and projects. The pandemic has changed the way we conduct meetings, and I believe the focus on green energy will require a digital shift as well. DECK1 provides one such solution for the future. www.deck1.com WWW.PESWIND.COM 17

PES ESSENTIAL Unlock the full potential of your wind turbines Words: B runo Pinto, CTO at Sereema The phasing out of public subsidies and subsequent reduction of wind energy sale prices has triggered the need for going the extra mile when it comes to optimising the output of wind energy assets. Underperformance or non-optimal operation and power generation are a frequent issue on operating wind turbines. Access to powerful independent information completing the manufacturers scope is the only lever to keep an edge over operational optimisation of the machines. 18 PES WIND

PES ESSENTIAL Two main causes sum up the majority of During the lifetime of wind turbines, ‘worst-case scenario’ parameters creates a optimisation issues: non-optimal operation can occur, reducing suboptimal energy yield and therefore an the performance and therefore the power optimising potential when adapting wind • e rroneous or incorrect settings on the output the turbine is able to produce. These farms to the wind characteristics of each site. turbine, causing it to produce less energy non-optimal behaviors can be present since than expected the commissioning of the wind farm or can So how to unlock the full potential of appear every time a parameter is changed or wind turbines? • lack of adaptation to the local wind maintenance activity is performed on one of conditions. In this case even if the the key elements of the turbine. Two options arise: making sure that the wind turbine’s parameters are set as expected, turbine presents no defaults during operation it might not be producing the maximum Wind turbines can turn out to be ill-adapted and that operating parameters are well power possible to local conditions. Their settings and control adapted to the on-site conditions of the wind parameters are defined under reference turbine. This can only be obtained if we have Incorrect settings occur as wind turbines are conditions that can strongly differ from access to maximum relevant information on complex systems that need to be well tuned those experienced on-site. The use of these how the wind turbine operates. But surely in order to perform up to their potential. nobody needs more meaningless or WWW.PESWIND.COM 19

PES ESSENTIAL In recent years, the use of independent and continuous monitoring systems has largely increased, mainly due to their added value when compared to the standard available solutions described above. As an illustration, Sereema’s system, Windfit, combines IoT (Internet of Things) and Cloud technologies to bring a new approach to the way we monitor and optimise currently operating wind farms. Windfit technology Windfit is a continuous monitoring system that consists of a data acquisition box with embedded sensors that is installed on each wind turbine. The box is installed on the turbine anemometry mast on top of the nacelle. Windfit measures continuously and at high frequency, acquisition frequency up to 100 Hz, multiple key parameters of the wind turbine: • all turbine movements and vibrations using sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers • external conditions impacting the turbine by measuring the wind speed, wind direction and turbulence intensity Windfit technology comparison: Extracted from Yaw Misalignment White paper by Sereema, a comprehensive • the power output of the turbine comparison of methods to measure YM on wind turbines • t he environmental conditions, such as air temperature, pressure and humidity. redundant data. The growing volume of data system was not designed for performance Data is pre-processed locally using to look at and act upon makes it difficult to see nor optimisation: the necessary information embedded computing capacity and then an added value in solutions that provide yet to identify underperformance issues is, in the transmitted through the mobile network to a again more information. And that’s the reason majority of cases, not accessible which cloud database that stores all historical why external independent information, strongly reduces the scope of issues that can measurements. The stored data can then be bringing either additional or deeper analysis, is be found with this approach. analysed and transformed into precise key to make sense of it all. With dedicated performance indicators using data analysis designed algorithms, data analysis extracts On the other hand, expert systems are algorithms developed in-house. only the empowering bits and pieces, turning designed to precisely measure certain them into levers for operators. parameters, such as the wind flow and The strong added value is not in simply turbine vibrations, therefore lacking the acquiring high frequency data but in combining The need for closer monitoring complete view necessary to really it with the right processing capacities and understand how the turbine operates. In algorithms. By doing so, one can ensure that Despite this unlocked potential, the most addition, their complexity and high cost the quality of the information obtained creates frequently available solutions to monitor wind deem them not suitable for long-term and actionable and reliable results for a wind farm farms either do not provide the necessary continuous monitoring. owner or asset manager. Windfit indicators can information to detect the underperformance and identify the root-cause or they lack the precision, accuracy and scalability required to be used by wind farm owners and operators at a large scale. These monitoring solutions can be summarized in two main groups: • analysis of the available SCADA data obtained from the turbine controller • u se of high precision measurement systems (LiDARs for example) to monitor a particular parameter of the wind turbine. Both groups present important added value but also some drawbacks. Using SCADA data, and mainly from its large Windfit vs Scada data frequency: SCADA systems have not been designed for performance optimization. Inde- availability, is a low cost and scalable solution. pendent systems will likely pick up what’s really happening Nonetheless, it lacks the precision and accuracy required for a detailed analysis of the wind turbine. Furthermore, the SCADA 20 PES WIND

WINDFIT® INNOVATIVE DECISION MAKING SOLUTION We combine digital expertise with IoT technology to boost your windfarm’s performance. WindFit detects issues with your turbine and recommends optimization actions that help you make money while saving time. Plug & Play Sensor Box • Windfit® smart sensors for independent real-time monitoring • 10 parameters checked up to 100 times/sec on each turbine • Third party data sources. Diagnoses Dashboard • Secured online data access via Windfit® portal • Data history and trends • From individual turbine data to multi-farm overview. Increase AEP Monitor Performance YAW MISALIGNMENT DAILY PERFORMANCE SOON Quickly detect and correct turbine Independently monitor wind alignment to boost AEP. turbines daily performance. MONTHLY PERFORMANCE ROTOR AERODYNAMIC IMBALANCE Easily identify turbine-related Remotely detect blade underperformance. pitch offset to increase AEP. Preserve Lifetime YAW DYNAMICS Optimize your yaw strategy ROTOR MASS IMBALANCE to local conditions. Remotely detect blade mass anomalies to protect the turbine. Ask for a demo: Read our White Papers [email protected] @SereemaContact FOUNDATION www.sereema.com Sereema Permanently track the structure +33 411 932 937 integrity. YAW OVERSPEEDS Receive immediate alerts of harmful yaw activity.

PES ESSENTIAL be used to monitor the overall operation and the key elements of the wind turbine, such as the rotor and the blades, the yaw system or the foundation, among others. The selection of the information that is acquired by Windfit was made with the performance monitoring and optimisation in mind. This means that the sensors used allow for a complete and detailed analysis of the operation of the wind turbine. Combining the environmental parameters around the turbine i.e. wind intensity and turbulence, air density, and how the turbine reacts to those conditions in terms of power output, vibration levels, yaw strategy, among others, provides an overall understanding on the interaction between the turbine and the wind, with the key information on the turbine performance and operation. Independent monitoring systems Equipping wind farms with independent monitoring systems provides key advantages when compared with the information available in the standard SCADA data: • Improved operation and performance: Windfit use case: use case of rotor imbalance detection and correction by Windfit data acquisition and processing are conceived and designed to identify wind conditions. The control strategies history of the wind farm. For example, underperformance or non-optimal and parameters currently defined under when unpredictable conditions impact the operation of the turbine. Major issues such reference conditions can be redefined and turbines such as storms and lightning: the as Rotor imbalance, Yaw Misalignment, optimised using the available operational monitoring system can detect if the Power Curve degradation, that have been data; Strategies can be defined on a wind turbine suffered any damage and if an known to be the main causes for turbine level compared to the turbine on-site check should be performed. underperformance, can be identified and model level most frequently used today, corrected as soon as possible. allowing for a better performance and A smarter and brighter future for the industry lifetime of the turbine. • E arly fault detection: issues and deviations Keeping a close eye on the operation and are identified as soon as they appear and • L ong-term trend analysis: the more performance of wind turbines is becoming alerts are sent out to the asset manager or historical data is available the better we increasingly important for wind farm owners O&M teams to correct the fault. can understand the evolution of the and operators, especially in a market where operation of the turbine over time. We can each extra kWh produced can be key for the • Increased lifetime: solving issues that separate long-term degradation, caused wind farm profitability. lead to increased loads and efforts on the by the natural aging of the turbine and turbine can increase, in the long-term, the therefore impossible to correct, from How frequently non-optimal behaviour occurs lifetime of the turbine’s main short-term or event driven degradations on operating wind turbines creates the need components: main bearing, foundations, that are mainly caused by human for a close and detailed monitoring of the blade bearings. This can be particularly interventions or software changes; the turbine’s operation. Furthermore, their full important when a lifetime extension is last ones can and should be corrected. potential can only be accessed if this envisioned for the wind farm. monitoring is done continuously and on the • Access to historical events: the unlimited long-term. The most frequently used solutions • A dapted to on-site conditions: the store capacity of cloud servers allows for and technologies do not fully answer that need. information available unlocks our the owner to access the complete detailed understanding of the wind turbine Windfit, the independent monitoring system, behaviour and its interaction with the local based on the IoT and Cloud computing technologies, allows for a deeper understanding and root-cause detection of underperformance or non-optimal behaviour on the monitored wind farms. In addition, understanding the turbine’s environment makes it possible to adapt its operating parameters to the local wind conditions making the way it extracts the energy from the wind smarter: a real giant with a brain! Windfit web interface overview: all indicators and actionable results available online This provides an added value on the short-term with a higher performance and energy yield and on the long-term with an increased lifetime expectancy and lower uncertainty for the future. www.sereema.com 22 PES WIND



TALKING POINT Wind turbine construction, installation and maintenance: torque vs tension Torquing and tensioning are two very different ways to tighten a bolt. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. A wind turbine can contain as many as 25,000 bolts, with each one contributing towards either the turbine’s structural integrity or how it functions. So, it’s worth knowing how both torquing and tensioning work. 24 PES WIND

TALKING POINT Before comparing torque vs tension, first, we length. The clamping force pulls the two should go back to basics and look at how a bolted components together and retains a tightened bolt behaves. tension (load) within the bolt. Bolts that are correctly tightened make use Torquing and friction of their elastic properties. To create a tight joint, they must behave like springs. When a Friction plays a huge part in a torquing load is applied by a torque wrench or operation. An estimated 10-15% of the input tensioner, the bolt stretches and tries to torque stretches the bolt. The remaining return to its original length. The resulting 85-90% of input torque is used to overcome tension produced by the load leads to a friction between the threads and under the clamping force. It is this which works with the nut or bolt head. friction from the bolt’s threads to produce a fully secure joint. For the garage mechanic who needs to change a car wheel or dismantle an engine, a From this simple principle we then naturally manual hand-held torque wrench is usually progress to… enough to get the job done. Understanding the difference between But more powerful tools are needed for torque & tension industrial applications – particularly for those in wind turbine applications. Considerable Torque is the measurement of the force that force is needed for applications such as causes something to rotate, for example, the securing pylons to their foundations, hubs to turning force needed to spin a nut around the the generator nacelles, and blades to the threads of a bolt. Whereas tension is the hubs. Projects like these that require high stretch or elongation of a bolt that provides torque output applied to many bolts make the clamping force of a joint. hydraulically powered torque wrenches a popular choice for these applications. Bolt torquing and bolt tensioning are both widely accepted ways to seal a joint. A hydraulic torque wrench works using However, each method has different high-pressure hydraulic power supplied from characteristics and suits different types an air, battery, or electric-driven pump. The of application. higher the pressure, the greater the amount of torque applied to the bolt. The unit of Torquing with hydraulic torque wrenches measure for torque is usually expressed in Ft.lbs or Nm. A Torque wrench works by applying the principle of Newton’s law. This states that for A torque wrench operator can only tighten each every applied force there is an equal and bolt individually. So, working around a tower opposite reactive force. section during construction may take some time, unless more operators are available. In practice, this means that as a nut is turned, the bolt material stretches. This creates Tensioning with hydraulic bolt tensioners tension within the bolt that acts as a clamping force over the effective thread Hydraulic tensioning dates back to the 1970s, and its use has become more widespread for critical applications throughout the wind, oil & gas, power generation, and subsea industries. Within the wind power industry, specialized bolt tensioners are often used during both installation and maintenance checks on wind turbines - including the foundations. Tensioning is a popular choice for attaching the base of the wind turbine to the footing. The advantage of this method is that it creates an accurate load – which is especially important on larger bolts. Critical fastening applications for wind and other power generation applications are best served by single-stage and double-deck tensioners. These provide the speed and accuracy required for safe operation at the wind site. There are tensioners designed specifically for wind tower foundations or base bolts, such as Enerpac’s FTR-Series and FTE-Series tensioners. These elliptical and round tensioners provide an effective solution when a long bolt stretch is required, and if limited space between the stud and the wall prevents the use of standard tensioners. WWW.PESWIND.COM 25

TALKING POINT The full hydraulic system 8. What budget is available? specified, then this is because they insist on accuracy, so there is no alternative. This is A torque wrench or tensioner does not do the 9. What are the skills of the people because tensioning can provide accuracy of work alone - it is part of a system that available to do the job? plus or minus 10%. includes a hydraulic pump, hose, and accessories. Using components designed to When making your decision, it is important to By comparison, Torquing is accepted as work together will help to enhance operator consider the specifications stated by the being within plus or minus 30%. But there safety and productivity. Doing this with engineering team. If tensioning has been are exceptions. More accuracy can be products from a single brand makes this easier through common fittings, safety handles, and pendant controls. Ergonomic features are important too. These make operation intuitive and ensure hand comfort when repeatedly operating the tools. Torque vs tension: which is best? The truth is that there is no simple answer. The decision should be taken per project, or even on a joint-by-joint basis. Considering these questions will help you arrive at the right decision. 1. How critical are the joints? 2. What accuracy has been specified? 3. How accessible are the joint components? 4. What equipment is available? 5. How many bolts are there? 6. What size are the bolts? 7. How many joints are to be worked on? 26 PES WIND

TALKING POINT achieved by a very experienced operator bolts to be placed closer together than specialized tools and technology needed for through a combination of greater skill and previously. Additionally, engineers are now wind power applications, a smart move would effective lubrication. designing foundations with a greater number be to find a reputable manufacturer with a of larger diameter rods which require greater proven track record. If Torquing is specified there is more tension. So, if you are currently planning to flexibility. Many torque specifications allow work on a large-scale wind turbine project, Enerpac and its commitment to build it for a wider accuracy range – making check in advance you have the right bigger, build it better tensioning unnecessary. However, in these equipment to handle all the bolting cases, it may be acceptable to use tensioning applications you may be faced with. Enerpac is a global market leader in high- if you already have the right equipment. pressure hydraulic tools, controlled force Considerations for the future products, and solutions for the precise Hydraulic torque wrenches are flexible, positioning of heavy loads. Our products versatile, and compared to tensioners – If you’re involved in wind-energy have helped to assemble and move some of they’re less expensive. But it would be wrong construction, operations, or maintenance, the largest structures on earth. to make your decision based on budget alone. you will know that the goal of achieving Dealing with an issue on a critical foundation greater KW output through larger turbines Backed by a global legacy of ultra-reliable joint in the future could incur significant impacts how the turbines are manufactured, quality and superior precision, Enerpac costs. Also, if using the torque method, don’t assembled, and maintained. Deeper pillars pushes industries forward with a wide range of forget to factor in costs if extra manpower and new modular methods of on-site advanced industrial tools and services. Our and more time is needed. assembly all affect both the equipment tools have become the industry standard in needed, and the necessary procedures to aerospace, infrastructure, manufacturing, Tensioners offer more accuracy, and put achieve effective and precise results. mining, oil & gas, power generation, and more. simply, they’re faster, they cost more, and they’re more complex. Increased demand for both bigger and First and foremost, we aim to ensure our repowered sites, both onshore and offshore customers operate safely and productively Also, it’s worth knowing that if the clearance is happening right now. To meet this need, every day. between studs is tight, some joints may need contractors wanting to add to their inventory to be tensioned in stages – (instead of the of tools may be tempted by the cheapest It isn’t about being compliant, or ‘as good’ as preferred scenario where all bolts can be brands. But focusing on short-term cost the next guy; Enerpac outpace the tightened simultaneously). This means the savings could hurt them in the pocket further competition by delivering technically job will take longer and a suitable bolting down the line. The adage ‘you get what you superior solutions that are easy to get, safe pattern will need to be followed. pay for’ certainly applies within the world of to use, and built to last. industrial tools. Wind turbines now and in the immediate Browse the Enerpac range of Torque and future require bigger, more exacting So, if you are about to invest in the Tension tools: https://www.enerpac.com/ equipment. This may result in larger nuts and en-us/products/USTorqueandTensionTools WWW.PESWIND.COM 27

ASK THE EXPERTS Container units onboard a vessel Self containment Hans Gatzemeier, Managing Director at ELA Container Offshore GmbH, talks PES through the advantages of renting offshore containers, the option to buy and the possibility of liveable models complete with fitness studios, kitchen areas and even somewhere to do your laundry. 28 PES WIND

ASK THE EXPERTS for customers in renting containers? HG: ELA rents mobile room solutions in container form. Often our customers receive a tender for the installation of wind turbines, foundation engineering, or the maintenance and installation of a platform, etc. They contact us if they need additional sleeping quarters, offices, meeting rooms, sanitary facilities, control rooms, or project-specific accommodations because of a temporarily increased number of staff. Our customers can rent our flexible room solutions as they are needed and increase expenses only for this time period. Because markets and needs are always changing, our customers can always react flexibly, wherever they are working in the world. PES: A great advantage of renting is of course also the aspect of sustainability, would you say? HG: Yes, of course, we are realizing very high productivity through the constant reuse of the containers for different purposes across a very long service life. The older the container, the more cost effective it is for us. They are thoroughly checked after each use and actually the quality of the containers is always very good, whether they are new or 20 years old. PES: The topic of rent seems very exciting in any case – for you as well as for the customer in particular, but can ELA products also be bought? HG: Our 20ft Allrounder containers, as the name itself suggests, are an all-round configuration, for short-term use by the customer. For longer rental terms of more than one year, we can also tailor to individual needs to a certain degree. But if something special is needed, we recommend buying the container. In this respect, we are often talking about a long-term solution for which a rental doesn’t make financial sense anymore. But we can also offer the option of ‘sale and buy back’. PES: Hello Hans, the last time we talked increase the number of containers rented in Hans Gatzemeier together was at the beginning of the year. the North American market by more than 30 How has the market been for you since then? per cent, and we have also seen a double- digit percentage increase in Europe. Hans Gatzemeier: It’s still going well for me and my team, thank you. At this time, the In order to be able to fulfil the increasing pandemic situation in Germany is relatively need, we are producing new containers in stable. However, we are observing the spite of greatly increasing material prices to increasing number of cases in Europe and hopefully cover the high demand. Thus, it the global environment very critically and can be said that we are very satisfied with hope that we can go back to business as this development. usual soon. PES: In the last edition, you explained the Despite the tense global situation, we have advantages of renting offshore containers. had a successful year. We have been able to To remind our readers, what are the benefits WWW.PESWIND.COM 29

ASK THE EXPERTS Office cabin with small galley in a 40ft specialized 10ft specialized toilet container interior customer solution PES: For whom do you suggest the option For this, we had to satisfy the safety from our customers that our offshore to buy? requirements of the customer, adhere to the containers are overqualified for their planned norm of the classification association while use. For example, they correspond to HG: We suggest renting for any period of at the same time upholding the legal requirements that are not absolutely time up to two and a half years, with the sale requirements of the Federal Maritime and necessary for the planned area of use. and buy back option being really useful if the Hydrographic Agency (BSH) and the Trade container is needed from two and a half to Supervisory Board (GAA). Because these containers are overwhelmingly four years. Anything over that and buying is used near-shore, on barges, pontoons, or likely to be the most cost effective option. We have already delivered and installed seven even in harbours, we have brought the platforms to the satisfaction of the container type Offshore Light to life. This is a PES: Is there a certain type of container customer, with the option for more. robust alternative to the offshore container, which is intended only for sale, or do you but it just has a CSC certificate. likewise sell standard containers? PES: Just one more topic before we close. We have heard that you are working on a new PES: Thank you for a new and interesting HG: We sell all sorts and types of containers. development, a so-called Type Offshore glance into your business and we look From existing rental containers to custom- Light. What exactly does that mean? forward to the next interview. built products in all sizes, configurations, and particularities. Currently, we are planning a HG: Yes, in the past, we have often heard www.ela-offshore.com living container system including a kitchen, dining room, fitness studio, sanitary Delivery of containers including accessories to the customer facilities, washing machine, dryer, and locker rooms with a floor plan of 15 x 15 metres and a height of approximately nine metres. This system is built twice, for the cargo area and on the hatch cover of a multi-purpose ship, to provide accommodation for up to 200 people. PES: So, custom-built solutions are intended for sale. Could you perhaps briefly talk about an example project, and what the greatest challenges are with such a project? HG: Yes, primarily custom-built solutions. The challenges are upholding the valid specifications and ensuring the safety of people offshore. The regulations for this are diverse and different globally, however, we know them very well by now and are able to adapt. As an example project, I would name the containers for various converter platforms. 30 PES WIND

Join the digital marketplace offshore sector. future-proof your company in a growing market. www.deck1.com

ASK THE EXPERTS Fiber technology takes shape for blade management Detecting damage in turbine blades at an early stage can go a long way to ensuring their efficiency is maximised. PES was keen to learn from Fibersail’s Pedro Pinto CEO and co-founder, Carlos Oliveira, co-founder and executive director about the possibilities for using fiber optics in monitoring blade performance and condition. Could it be a shape changer for the industry? 32 PES WIND

ASK THE EXPERTS PES: Welcome to PES Wind Pedro and Pedro Pinto Carlos Oliveira Carlos, it’s lovely to speak with you both. First of all, would you like to introduce turbine operators to reduce OPEX through advantages of using fiber optic technology Fibersail to our readers? predictive maintenance schedules. in wind farming? Pedro Pinto: Sure! As we understand, wind Being able to detect excessive deflections PP: Fiber optic technology is proven to be of turbine blades, being the forefront and structural changes, the system will very high resolution, immune to lightning structures converting wind into kinetic and reduce the risk of failures and consequently strikes and electromagnetic interference, electrical energy, are key drivers of turbine the need for excessive safety factors, lightweight, and has unlimited cable length performance. With blades getting longer and allowing the increase of turbine performance for distributed sensing. more flexible for efficiency reasons, they get under safe conditions. more critical, thus it is also crucial to reliably On top of that, we add the advantages of monitor them. Monitoring is essential for Reducing risks while increasing performance using it embedded on a specific composite wind turbines to perform at their best during and reducing costs with predictive profile for unmatched scalability, robustness their entire lifetime, maintaining the lowest maintenance will have a huge impact in the and reliability. possible operational costs. reduction of the wind LCOE, with clear benefits for the entire industry. PES: With access to real-time blade Fibersail provides a solution to tackle the information at their fingertips, how can industry needs by bringing an innovative way PES: Does the technology work with any wind turbine operators make best use of the of monitoring blade performance and blade type and size? findings do you think? condition through its proprietary shape sensing technology. Our solution allows the CO: The technology is designed to be CO: Although wind turbines are designed to measurement of the blade’s deflection and plug-and-play, working in any structure with operate for more than 25 years, they need to tip position in real time, independently from deflections, as required. It has been tested to be regularly inspected to keep high design models or blade variations. We think measure shape and deflections from 1 meter operational and efficiency coefficients. By this is a unique approach that will set a new sensors to 100 plus meters, allowing us to digitizing the blade’s structural behavior, standard in the industry. work with any blade size and type. operators can make use of real-time blade information to detect imbalances and PES: Can you explain a little bit about the Although its value proposition is greater for underperformances, detect early-stage technology behind the Fibersail system? longer and massive blades, like the ones failures and mitigate them at lower cost, or It’s fiber optic, is that right? being developed for the offshore move towards a predictive maintenance environment, onshore fleets, or near model, where OPEX are optimized in line with PP: You’re right. The Fibersail system is end-of-lifetime turbines, where reliable turbine needs. based on fiber optic technology and takes measurements are needed, can greatly full advantage of its proven fit to the benefit from the unique information we The monitoring of excessive deflections can operational conditions of wind turbines. provide to optimize operations and calculate also reduce the risk of failure of the turbines, However, it was designed to solve many of lifetime extensions. with potential impact in insurance costs and, its current limitations. consequently, increasing the asset valuation PES: Is this the first time such technology through continuous lifetime assessment. Fibersail proprietary technology comprises a has been used in this way, that you are composite beam that adds robustness, with aware of? In the future, wind turbine controls will also embedded parallel arrays of FBGs that adds be able to use blade deflection and tip resolution and temperature immunity. That PP: Even though Fiber Bragg Grating positioning information to operate turbines sits inside a sliding sleeve that allows for a technology has been around for over 20 based on the operator performance and reduction of loads in the sensor, extending its years, and single point strain sensing along strategy needs, and within the safety limits operational life for 30 plus years. By the blade to infer loads and deflections have of the turbines. measuring the local curvature in each been used in the past, this is the first time cross-section, our algorithm reconstructs that a shape sensor is used in such a way, to PES: Has the Fibersail system been tested the shape of the beam, thus, the shape of the independently measure the continuous in a real-world environment yet? If so, what blade in every instant. deflection and tip positioning of a blade. It have the results been like so far? represents an innovative solution for the The sensor has the same length as the blade wind turbine industry. PP: Fibersail has been testing its largest and is installed or retrofitted from root to shape sensors on bench tests for accuracy, tip, meaning that blade deformations are PES: What do you think are the main resolution, and reliability over their measured and not extrapolated or inferred. This provides access to blade flapwise and edgewise deflections, along with the torsion measurements from root to tip during its operation. PES: So how does that work in terms of measuring blade performance and condition, in layman’s terms? Carlos Oliveira: The technology is aimed at monitoring blade deflections and tip positioning during operation, to control loads and detect early-stage failure modes during their lifetime. Wind turbine manufacturers can take advantage of this specific blade information to improve the efficiency of turbine controls and blade designs, and to support wind WWW.PESWIND.COM 33

ASK THE EXPERTS lifetime. Currently, our first field sensor is operators can ensure higher safety levels on customers want to expand our technology installed in a turbine under operation and their wind farms. into their worldwide portfolio, Fibersail further operational deployments are intends to reach American and Asian markets planned in the coming months with some PES: What potential do you think such as well, as part of our strategic growth plan. major industry stakeholders. technology offers for the future of wind farming? www.fibersail.com The results are very promising, confirming that the system has a high resolution and low PP: Fibersail shape sensors will bring more noise signal from the real-time blade reliable data to wind turbine design and deflection measurements. The operational operations. More data means more measurements will be compared with other information and intelligence that allows wind technologies and used to enhance the turbines to become smarter and able to algorithms with additional features. operate in different modes, selected in accordance with asset owners’ strategy and PES: How does this technology help with needs. With Fibersail technology, wind things like maintenance costs and blade turbines will be able to operate on a performance in the long run? maximized performance mode, to extract the maximum MW/h possible under safety CO: Early-stage damage detection based on factors, or work on an extended lifetime deflection changes will allow proper planning mode, to focus on preventing excessive loads of maintenance activities, with huge impact while producing efficiently. in offshore operations, to fix the problem while the damage is still small and no major PES: For Fibersail then, what is your road component changes are needed, greatly to market from here? How long do you reducing maintenance costs. think it will be before this technology is in general use? In the long run, component level remaining lifetime calculation and damage detection PP: Our technology is currently being tested like leading-edge erosion shall also provide in bench tests and in operation to prove its invaluable insights to optimize maintenance reliability to withstand many years of costs and keep blade performance at its operation without the need, or with reduced optimum throughout the turbine lifetime. need for maintenance. PES: Does it also have the potential to help Different pilot tests are programmed for the with things like blade design or risk next 18 months, and more are in discussions assessment, do you think? to be deployed. We expect to enter the market with a general use technology, both CO: Certainly. Blade deflection for new and existing blades, before the end of measurement and tip positioning 2023 for the onshore market and one year information are crucial for numerical model later for the offshore market. validation and optimizing the design of lighter and longer blades, maximizing its efficiency PES: With your offices being based in Portugal while reducing its safety factor envelope. and the Netherlands are you planning to enter the market mainly in Europe or do you see PES: Safety is obviously a big consideration yourselves going global? for wind farmers; how does fiber optic technology help in this regard? CO: Europe is our primary market due to our location and extensive knowledge of the CO: Digitizing the blade’s structural European industry. This is where we are performance allows the detection of changes proceeding with interest from the major and failure modes at early stages. By industry stakeholders, so it is the first market reducing operational risks, the need for to conquer. regular visual inspections and the amount of time workers are deployed and at risk, Once scale in the first market is proven and 34 PES WIND

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TALKING POINT US offshore wind energy Combining European expertise and US content Developing offshore wind energy production facilities presents interesting operational requirements and logistical challenges, especially along the US Northeast Coast. Environmental conditions in the Northeastern US are challenging, harsh and some areas have relatively deep water for production of offshore wind energy. 36 PES WIND

TALKING POINT However, GustoMSC does not foresee any specifics of US projects like Cape Wind. And chain in the US will take time. To meet the insurmountable problems. Their maritime they are helping develop robust transport required timeline, the US offshore wind experience with harsh environmental and installation solutions. energy industry will have to expand quickly. It conditions began when their company is also teaming up with European players to started in the 1860s. They have operated The new US regime has set an ambitious goal kickstart the process. worldwide in the offshore wind energy for the expansion of offshore wind energy. It industry since 2002. Also, this innovative aims to expand production of offshore wind For the first projects, the US is relying on EU Netherlands-based company has been energy to 30 GW by 2030, and 110 GW by 2050. expertise and companies to install learning since 2008 what is required by local foundations and turbines. Over recent years, Building up a new industry and its supply investments have begun in the WWW.PESWIND.COM 37

TALKING POINT infrastructure, assets and supply chain US East Coast offshore wind for the fledgling offshore wind energy required for long-term development of US energy industry industry. This has helped promote faster offshore wind energy. Many of these growth of offshore wind energy in Europe. developments and investments rely strongly Currently, development in the US is focused on US – EU partnerships built upon European on bottom fixed wind energy along the US However, development of offshore wind offshore wind expertise and US content. And East Coast. The Northeast has very good energy on the US Northeast Coast presents a development is required on a massive scale: wind resources and population centers with huge logistics challenge. Unlike Europe, most the 95,500 mile US coastline dwarfs the demand for renewable energy located close of the port infrastructure is missing. And the 41,000 mile European coastline. to offshore areas with acceptable water US is starting the rollout of offshore wind depth conditions. Also, northeastern states energy with massive turbines 12 MW and Thus, there is immense potential for the US tend to see offshore wind energy as a larger — versus the 2- to 3 MW turbines being offshore wind energy industry. Initial promising new industry with economic initially installed in Europe. So, the industry investments in the US offshore include benefits for them. has been putting the pieces of this developing EEW’s foundation transportation and installation puzzle manufacturing facility in Paulsboro, NJ; a This ideal combination is currently leading together for the last few years, devising new staging port in New London, CT; and development of the US offshore wind solutions for the first US offshore wind farms. Dominion Energy’s NG 16000X SJ energy industry. And individual states along installation jack-up vessel, ‘Charybdis’. the East Coast are competing to persuade Transforming the US offshore wind portions of the supply chain to base their energy industry A robust supply chain for the Jones Act associated economic activity from their state. Healthy competition will help develop GustoMSC has been very active in The Jones Act requires vessels that an efficient infrastructure and supply chain supporting the market with offshore wind transport merchandise between US ports to for the long term. energy production concepts and solutions be US-built, -flagged, -crewed and -owned. over the years. They have designed large This merchandise includes offshore wind Different dynamics on the US South (Gulf of Jones Act compliant installation jack-ups turbine components and other production Mexico) and West Coasts will create different such as the NG-8000X, NG-14000X and equipment and supplies. trajectories in offshore wind energy NG-16000X. And they produced feeder and production there. Deeper water along the maintenance jack-ups. The specialized vessels required to develop West Coast will focus development on offshore wind energy along the US East floating wind technology. But currently West They also explored floating feeder Coast do not exist in the US. So, at first, Coast development is lagging that along the alternatives. Recently, this included evolving foreign vessels will be used within the East Coast. a dedicated steady top feeder vessel. This restrictions of the Jones Act. But a wide vessel has an integrated design comprising variety of dedicated, fit-for-purpose US built Huge logistics challenge proven skidding and a proven 3D motion and Jones Act compliant vessels will compensation platform on a DP2 vessel. This eventually be required to develop the US The Jones Act and the port infrastructure are supports the safe lift off of wind turbine offshore wind energy industry over the long two key differences between the components from a floating feeder vessel haul. This creates a strong demand for the US development of wind energy production in the onto an in-field installation jack up. shipbuilding and operating industry to build US and Europe. In Europe, the mature North and operate these required vessels. Sea offshore oil and gas industry provided Deploying motion-compensated floating ports, infrastructure, assets, and experience feeder vessels allows use of more ports on 38 PES WIND

TALKING POINT the East Coast that are not accessible by Dominion Energy has granted concessions their project. And, by working with Keppel large jack-ups. The development and for about 700 wind turbines, totaling 5 GW. AmFELS on wind turbine installation construction of these vessels has the However, offshore wind energy is still in the equipment, Dominion has also ensured timely potential of transforming the US offshore pioneering phase in the USA. And owner/ delivery of key resources for the vessel. wind energy industry as logistical solutions operators are collaborating with experienced and associated assets are adapted to best partners in these projects to reduce risk and GustoMSC and NOV paving the way suit local requirements. expedite the process. GustoMSC began presenting at the early Reducing the cost of offshore wind energy Dominion, teamed up AWEA Offshore Wind conferences and advising solutions to US players about the At GustoMSC, they look closely and address Dominion has formed some ideal Cape Wind project in 2008. They delivered the maximum portion of the leveled cost of partnerships that help provide the right nine proprietary vessel designs in 2009, with energy that can be influenced. GustoMSC installation vessel and the right assistance 30 more in production. And they designed the also continually enlarges the envelope of — from beginning to end of their installation, Seajacks Scylla, which was the world’s largest their expertise as an integrated jack-up operations and maintenance work. By turbine installation jack up vessel in 2016. vessel designer and equipment supplier. teaming up with Seajacks and GustoMSC, they have overcome two major offshore wind When NOV acquired GustoMSC in 2018, the In Europe, they started designing the first hurdles: having experience in constructing sixth Seajacks project was well underway. dedicated wind turbine jack up vessels in 2008. and operating jack up vessels; and having Together, they are creating even more These vessels shortened turbine installation adequate jack up vessel capacity available for success in the renewable energy sector. The time to one set a day. This was a game their projects. US offshore wind energy market is evolving changer: GustoMSC not only installed wind into a robust renewable industry requiring turbines at a faster pace, but also reduced By securing the Charybdis/NG-16000X-SJ robust transport and installation solutions. installation costs and significantly lowered a installation jack-up vessel, Dominion helped And GustoMSC is ready to show you the way. portion of the levelized cost of energy. ensure the safe and on-time construction of www.nov.com/gustomsc STFV: Fast, flexible, safe larger wind turbine installation vessels, The STFV provides an attractive jacking systems and cranes. alternative or complement to the Current trends and developments in the traditional self transiting installation jack offshore wind energy industry are shaping At the same time, GustoMSC has been up concept. This is especially true in the US, the installation fleet of the future. Current developing solutions for feeder options where the Jones Act requires US flagged installation concepts are being challenged by including the latest version of the steady top vessels to be used for the transportation of ever larger offshore wind turbines and feeder vessel (STFV). This specially wind turbine components, and where there expansion to new areas such as the US, Japan designed transport vessel will be able to load are limited ports which can be accessed by and Taiwan. GustoMSC is widely involved in wind turbine generator components in port large jack-ups. these developments through designing ever and transport them directly to the field. WWW.PESWIND.COM 39

TALKING POINT Riding the IoT wave for improved workability Words: C hris Grock and Emilie Dorgeville, Miros 40 PES WIND

TALKING POINT Safe and efficient offshore wind operations are reliant on accurate, instantaneous and trusted information from many parameters including environmentals, such as the sea state or weather conditions. With the advance of digitalisation, a considerable volume of data sets is now even more accessible than before. However, while the amount of data is plentiful, analysing and validating its relevance to widen operational windows and support improved cost efficiency is challenging. There is currently a vast spectrum of complex AI and machine-learning algorithms. technology providers in this arena each In addition, with society demanding less dealing with an array of technology systems carbon intensive activities, there is now more which, like the weather and waves they are pressure on both the large power operators monitoring and measuring, are in constant and the supply chain to ensure a qualitative flux. Knowledge of where such technologies approach to decision making that will reduce fit in, ensuring sensors and data sets can carbon output and accelerate the energy connect and communicate (through IoT transition. Smart application of technologies capability), and understanding how the is fundamental in achieving those goals. selected data streams interact within a digital ecosystem, is essential. Well For Miros, a provider of proven high- configured system architecture will enable a performance sensors monitoring real-time better and simpler understanding of how sea state data, data accuracy is just one each environmental parameter links to both element. Ensuring easy and secure data safety and efficiency. access in real-time at the right place at the right time seems to be the defining factor. Once connectivity and data flow are This is achieved by an IoT enabled solution streamlined, leveraging the combination of providing data access in the secure gathered and processed data is possible to Miros cloud. determine correlations as well as validating Streamline situational awareness from day one. Miros dry-mounted sensors are operable from moving vessels, floating objects, and fixed sites alike. From initial planning to decommissioning, monitoring wave, current, tide, and weather at the chosen location will support operational feasibility analyses and forecasts for project timelines WWW.PESWIND.COM 41

TALKING POINT Miros sensors are radar-based, dry IoT sensors providing reliable, highly accurate, real-time measurements of the ocean state to enhance safety, efficiency, and performance of operations while reducing costs during the lifecycle of an offshore wind farm Digitalising offshore wind for better to sea. As a result, operations related to new will grow ever more significant as well as the operational performance projects are expected to become more risks related to timely project completion. complex with new variables and unknowns, Forecasting of motion and sea states will play a To help meet the EU’s goal of climate and construction and servicing, all at a greater key role in contributing to reducing risk, but neutrality by 2050, the European distance from shore. The benefit these new real-time environmental data ensure models, Commission’s EU Strategy on Offshore wind farms will have is inheriting digital on which all forecasting algorithms are based, Renewable Energy proposes to increase ecosystems that have already gone through a to be validated and continuously calibrated, Europe’s offshore wind capacity from its refinement period to ensure more valuable cementing the need for IoT capable sea state current level of 12 GW to at least 60 GW by insights can be extracted as early as possible. sensors in the future. 2030 and to 300 GW by 2050.1 In introducing more challenging environmental Engaging technology providers early In a bid to access stronger and more stable conditions, safety risks related to crew transfer winds, wind farms are moving ever farther out Weaving together a well-structured operational solution during early project Real-time knowledge of environmental conditions can contribute significantly to personnel safety and avoid planning makes a lot of sense. For Miros one the deployment of vessels in weather conditions that can ultimately inhibit the completion of a mission aspect is to identify the most suitable sensor locations using bathymetrical studies during planning and development, which proves to significantly reduce costs. Not only can placing sensors at specified foundations at the fabrication yard mean less effort than installing offshore, it also ensures that data streams are later representative of the seabed characteristics, which are unique to every offshore wind development. With complex client IT security frameworks, a secure and seamless integration with the cloud for immediate access, storage or integration has become a prerequisite for happy IT and operational departments alike. The combination of appropriately chosen locations to source data from and full IoT capability is a powerful symbiosis to facilitate real-time decision support, post-operation analyses, future planning and long-term asset integrity calculations. For wind farm operators, this dynamic approach gives more influence and control on operations, while for service providers, it gives credibility and assurance that contract expectations can be delivered on schedule and importantly, on budget. 42 PES WIND

TALKING POINT Streamlined situational awareness at the Wave, current, and weather data are displayed on a user-friendly and customisable real-time dashboard for click of a button easy and secure access to sea state information A small, Norway-headquartered business with Covid-19 pandemic when investment in new related query can be addressed, hindcast a clear track record reaching back to the equipment has dropped down the list of data are accessible for modelling and mid-1980s, Miros like to call itself a 35-year- many businesses’ priorities and remote structural integrity analyses old start-up. It maintains a personable, flat working has become mandatory for many. organizational structure, short The risk of owning, insuring and maintaining • M inimal logistical complications - buyer communication lines, and fast adaptability to sensors becomes the responsibility of Miros and user do not want to consider insurance technological and user changes in the market. meaning significant savings for the costs, or maintenance. All they wish is for As a technology provider, this is probably the customer by eliminating the need to uptime to receive data and operational only way to create resilience - providing purchase sensors or software outright. insights, configured to their needs future-facing applications designed to deliver Remote system control means no one has to top-notch insights easily and reliably. be sent offshore, saving in travel, extra • High uptime and secure IT - Continuous training and avoiding Covid-19 regulations. software updates ensure sensors are Miros currently boasts three distinct and working harmoniously with other systems proprietary sensors, each of which is Technology challenges of buying within the digital ecosystems (both from a certified and based on proven technology to organisations are seen to traditionally fall coding and security perspective). deliver invaluable insight and instant data on within three areas: accessibility to ocean conditions to the maritime market. To information (including those systems can talk Major Norwegian operator adopts SSaaS meet today’s requirements for a smart ‘plug to each other), ease in procurement and IT solution to mitigate cost and risk and play’ system, all are now available as security. Miros has packaged these three IoT-enabled sensors. together to move from being purely a The Miros SSaaS solution allows data to be hardware company to an operational easily integrated directly into a customer’s In line with this, the company has also insights’ provider. From a technology existing platform or interface. This was adapted its business model providing a company’s perspective, clients require: successfully used by a major Norwegian Sea-State-as-a-Service (SSaaS) solution operator to accurately monitor the echoing the models of many digital • A ccess to sea state data, anywhere, surrounding sea state around one of Europe’s platforms. This facilitates adoption of the anytime for all project stakeholders largest gas processing plants located on the solution from a business and procurement west coast of Norway. perspective where Miros take on all • Data to be easily transferred and linked to operational risk of the system and provides any digital ecosystem The offshore wind industry is highly purely the data, customisable to the needs of dependent on the link between the client at a click of a button. • A ll data being stored so that any insurance environmental factors and a wind farm’s Such a SSaaS model not only includes access to the company’s range of cloud- integrated sensors, like the Wave & Current Radar, the RangeFinder and Wavex, but also its cloud service, whereby functionality is based on Microsoft Azure technologies for easy and secure access to real-time sea state data. Start-up configuration and basic training as well as all maintenance and upgrades, remote device management and remote support are included in an all- inclusive, low-risk monthly fee. Significant savings for the customer Launched in 2018, the service has proved invaluable and even more relevant during the The IoT-enabled sensors give decision-making solutions that provide everyone involved in offshore operations access to real-time and historical data, anytime on any device WWW.PESWIND.COM 43

TALKING POINT Mitigate challenges. Whether it is crane operations or cable laying, mobilising personnel at the right moment relies on the accessibility to immediate and reliable sea state data servicing needs in order to maintain smart applications to gather, store, rationalise speaking with all market stakeholders to profitability. The operator, which had and share accurate insights both real-time and partner and research under their quest to previously relied on buoys and weather forecasted to support humans better continually develop the tools of the future! forecasts for gathering information, opted to understand and manage their risk. use the dry, cloud-integrated Miros Wave & https://www.miros-group.com/markets/ Current Radar to mitigate the costs and risks Planning, defining a digital ecosystem and renewables/ associated with regular maintenance. The assessing how so many technologies all need SM-050 is the only sensor in the world which to co-exist is no easy undertaking. How are References utilises a dual footprint pulse Doppler you approaching this subject and what have method for wave measurements as well as a your experiences been? Miros are open to 1. h ttps://ec.europa.eu/commission/ microwave dual frequency method for presscorner/detail/en/IP_20_2096 measuring surface current. About the authors Christopher Grock, Independent Consultant The dry-mounted radar observes the ocean Emilie Dorgeville, VP Business Business Development for Miros, works with surface in a semi-circle at 180-450 meters, Development Renewables & Ports, Miros several organisations in the field of maritime depending on the installation height, which is applies her 20 years of maritime industry logistics for Offshore Wind. Since 2007 he’s typically 25-80 meters. The selected frequency experience gained from developing novel seen how this market has evolved from of operations ensures a high degree of solutions measuring the sea state to regulatory, business and technology penetration through precipitation and sea helping maritime operators to improve perspectives. Together with Miros he spray and provides accurate measurements in and optimise offshore wind farm supports clients in acquiring and integrating harsh weather situations of any kind operations, and port efficiency and safety wave radar systems that provide the link and by leveraging local, digital sea state data in context for transparency in operations and As a high-performance, remote, IoT-enabled real-time. vessel motions in the field, which allow for a dry sensor for the measurement of holistic approach to improved workability directional wave spectra and surface and operational efficiency. currents, it only needs power and an internet connection to give secure access to immediate, real-time data. Wave goodbye to uncertainty As offshore sites have varying bathymetry and water depths, inconsistencies in data gathering require higher in-situ data resolution to improve decision making. Likewise, as wind, waves, and current differ constantly, creating a feedback loop (actual observed wave data with an associated wave forecast) will expand understanding of site-specific parameters and sharpen decision making on when and when not to deploy vessels. The extent to which offshore wind can become super-efficient will depend to the largest extent of how effective digital technologies can be embedded allowing cloud platforms and 44 PES WIND

Situational Awareness Anytime, Anywhere, on Any Device Real-time knowledge of local environmental conditions contributes significantly to enhance personnel safety. The value of Miros’ IoT-enabled Sea-State-as-a-Service solution lies in the safe and smart expansion of weather-related operating limits. • Wider weather windows Scan me • Enhanced performance for details! • Increased safety • Reduced cost Read more and contact us at: www.miros-group.com/products/miros-cloud

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THINK TANK Hydrogen as an intermediate energy carrier: deep integration unlocks the path to decarbonization of our society Words: S imon Kühner, Prof Andreas Reuter, Prof Jan Wenske Hydrogen recently emerged as a game changer for the decarbonization of our society. However, its future role needs to be properly defined to avoid both glorification by stakeholders and the perception of it being a ‘golden bullet’ capable of solving all energy issues forever. The use of renewable energies for the ‘green’ power generation is pivotal for the transformation process, yet there are multiple fields incompatible with electrification, such as heavy-duty transport, the maritime sector and aviation, which require hydrogen as either an intermediate energy carrier or for the production of derived fuels. In the chemical industry, water-splitting electrolysis can substitute hydrogen today produced by natural gas reforming and coal in steelmaking as well as other raw material processes. In the power sector, it offers a solution for from renewable sources like wind and maintenance costs, limited production three critical issues: long-term energy photovoltaics (PV). capacities and a still high degree of storage, bypassing of the bottlenecks of the manufacturing and assembly by hand in electrical grid via the natural gas network or Other challenges include the availability of contrast to the rapid automatization dedicated pipelines, and avoiding long- vast amounts of pure water. Many areas with observed in other emerging technologies. distance transport from overseas. promising characteristics for renewable Nevertheless, a long list of technical issues energy production are associated with fresh The signing of the Paris Agreement aimed at remains: water electrolysis is a technology water supply difficulties, for example the keeping global warming below 2°C, ever more which has proven its worth for decades, for offshore wind farm sites at sea and the arid common heat waves, floods and other example for the production of fertilizer in the areas where PV systems are often installed. natural disasters, and political movements Egyptian green revolution powered from the Environmental protection and consumer demanding immediate climate action as Aswan High Dam. Today, the challenge lies in concerns are strong drivers towards opposed to long-term policies with distant enhancing electrolysis in order to minimize advanced desalination technologies or the targets finally culminated in two remarkable the wear & tear of equipment resulting from direct use of seawater. court rulings: in April 2021, the German the technically unavoidable dynamic Federal Constitutional Court ruled that the operation with the variable load from The picture is completed by the slow ramping German Federal Climate Change Act had to temporally fluctuating power generation up of production due to scaling issues, be amended. The law stated that climate lacking standards, high service and neutrality has to be achieved, but respective WWW.PESWIND.COM 47

THINK TANK emission-reduction steps had foreseen Figure 1 Composition of power costs for industry consumers, relating to 14 to 30 MW electrolysis capacity at moderate savings in the first few years and 5000 full-load hour per year. Data source © Eurostat drastic reductions in the years thereafter. This distribution would have overly impacted now have to be replaced with other measures the hydrogen from the first 5,000 full-load citizens’ chances for prosperity in the future. better adapted to the market situation. EU hours of an electrolyzer are covered – The law was amended by setting Member States should agree on a set tax rate justifiable provisions to keep the fierce intermediate targets more evenly and for renewable power for hydrogen competition for renewable power at bay. bringing forward the date of climate production to level the playing field within However, a reduction of full-load hours neutrality from 2050 to 2045. In May 2021, the European Single Market. might increase the production costs. RE the District Court of The Hague, the systems differ in capacity factor Netherlands, ordered that Shell must reduce Grid charges (availability) and production costs. its global net carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 compared to 2019 levels. This explicitly These can account for up to one third of With directly coupled systems, generation covers not only the emissions from oil power generation costs. In some countries, costs can be optimized by saving investment production refining and logistics but also the network costs are averaged but the costs in the electrolyzer. This is achieved as those from the use of the products, e.g., as power is produced and consumed in different the renewable energy source (photovoltaic transport fuel. regions. Regional schemes would lower grid or wind) has a higher generation capacity and charges in surplus regions, eventually leading some of the electricity is not used during Somewhat earlier, the new European to a shift in consumption and a subsequent peak periods. For PV the ratio is 350 kW of Commission had presented the European drop in efforts for grid enhancement2. electrolyzer capacity per MW of photovoltaic Green Deal, a trillion euro 10-year plan to installed capacity, for wind it is 750 kW tackle climate change. One element of this Capacity factor electrolysis capacity per MW wind turbine deal is public support for the introduction of generator rated power. the hydrogen economy via Important The Renewable Energy Directive and Projects of Common European Interest respective delegated acts set several The operating hours of such single-coupled (IPCEI) thus allowing state aid for close-to- provisions for the classification of hydrogen systems might fall into the foreseen market hydrogen projects. Another element as ‘green’ i.e., sustainable, in order to bandwidth of electrolyzer full-load hours, is the proposed Carbon Border Adjustment prevent double funding, stranded which is questionable for projects combining Mechanism (CBAM). If adopted, imports investments in the grid and threats to grid PV and wind power as the energy source. would require CBAM certificates, similar to stability. It should be produced exclusively Hydro-based systems would need to throttle those of the EU emission trading scheme for from an unsubsidized, preferably newly built generation artificially (or install 1.75 MW domestic products. First sectors are steel, renewable power generation capacity. Only electrolyzer per MW hydro) to ensure the cement, and fertilizers as of 2026, but there hydrogen was classified as green. are concerns that there will be a marginal power price initially that a private venture con- guiding effect limited to certain countries sidered connection of a chemical industry site in Conversion efficiency due to clerical decarbonization. Delfzijl, the Netherlands, to the German grid via a private cable under the Ems estuary in 2014. This remains a critical issue for applications There is a more solid footing this time with competing technologies. In energy compared to past ‘hydrogen waves’: 2 a nd might mitigate the NIMBY effect by creation of applications such as power storage, mobility, high-value industry jobs in the often less developed today we have a policy with specific targets areas instead of vague activities which will trigger strong industrial commitment and advance projects formerly stopped due to a lack of competitiveness. However, cost effectiveness remains a critical issue: Power price The ‘feedstock cost’ accounts for 65 to 90% of hydrogen production costs. Of that, 1 to 57% can be unrecoverable taxes and duties in the EU Member States, with an average of 28% for the EU 27. The German renewable energy charge (EEG levy) is among the non-deductible duties. Initially, generous funding rates led to a rapid increase in renewable power production at a cost of €67.5 per MWh in 2020, a considerable share of the orange bar in the chart below. However, exported power is not subject to this charge, and an electrolyzer operator in the neighboring Netherlands would have had a good competitive edge because of negligible non-refundable duties and a higher base price for energy. As such, the German Renewable Energy Act and its equivalents in other countries were an excellent measure for bringing renewables onto the market1 but 1 The EEG was so successful in driving down the 48 PES WIND

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THINK TANK Hydrogen Lab © Fraunhofer IWES environment with a demand for off-heat, • Several energy applications such as even coping with the dynamic load of sources aviation and heavy-duty transport are and heating, the competition with sector like PV or wind power. An obvious example is expected to rely on liquid hydrocarbon coupling by direct power applications like the deep integration of electrolysis in sewage fuels for a long time to come, but carbon battery electric vehicles and heat pumps will treatment plants. Sewage treatment is an will become scarce in decarbonized be hard, with conversion efficiency being an energy-intensive process accounting for 3 to economies. Sewage will always be there, important factor. 5% of power consumption in the EU. and respective treatment plants are a reliable source of CO2. Several power- The round-trip electrolysis – storage – power Larger plants have an anaerobic digestion to-X applications are feasible, ranging generation is plagued by high losses of 50 to stage, and the gas produced is used on-site from jet fuel to base chemicals for 80% in the case of hydrogen pathways in a co-generation plant for heating the industry and synthetic natural gas. compared to 20 to 40% for pumped-storage fermenter and covering the blower load, hydropower or redox flow batteries, for venting air into the activated sludge tanks. • This decentral application brings example. The big advantage of hydrogen and Setting up electrolyzers for hydrogen electrolysis to communities, stabilizes local its derivatives remains their transportability production on-site enables several options grids, and supports the further increase of and long-term storability. These compelling for power system optimization: local renewable energy generation via points create the, mainly politically driven, roof-top PV systems, for example3. idea of large-scale energy import from • W hen the wind blows, the sun shines, or in remote sunny or windy areas of the world. other times of low energy prices, the Fraunhofer promotes and supports such Doubts about the feasibility are justified as: electrolyzers are operated producing concepts by two means, namely technology hydrogen and off-heat, which is not a development and technology validation. For • The time for energy return on investment waste but rather used for heating the the latter, several ‘Hydrogen Labs’ are becomes long with low overall efficiency. anaerobic digester. The blower is constructed for process demonstration in operated with grid power, too. The industrial environments. These also serve as • P roduction costs should not be confused co-generation doesn’t run and the multifunctional test sites for optimization with the price of a product. The production sewage gas is collected. Similar to and validation of the underlying base costs of fuel are at less than €0.10 per liter modern biogas plants, the co-generation technologies e.g., electrolyzers. for good oil fields, which hardly reflects the of an integrated plant has several times price at the filling station. the capacity of the gas production and is Specifically, the Fraunhofer Hydrogen Lab operated in times of high power prices. Bremerhaven investigates deep integration • M assive implementation of hydrogen This turns the integrated plant into a of renewable energy systems, comprising production may impact developing provider of positive and negative the whole process chain from directly economies, for example as a result of balancing power. coupled PV systems and wind power water scarcity or land grabbing. Social and generators, different electrolyzer systems, environmental standards are often lower • Electrolysis also produces oxygen, a the balance of plant processes: water elsewhere, and societies may be impacted neglected by-product, which is vented off purification, hydrogen compression, storage, by such ‘cash crop’ approaches. Only in most projects. Sewage treatment relies heat integration and the use of oxygen. embedded systems with local value on the oxidizing power of approximately generation and the possible export of 20% O2 in air. Substitution with technical The focus of the Leuna Fraunhofer Hydrogen surplus energy in the form of hydrogen oxygen reduces the blower load by up to Lab, is on the integration of electrolysis are sustainable in the long term. 80%, which would halve the energy systems into the chemical industry and the demand taking the electrolyzer operating development of power-to-X processes as Deep integration hours into account. Although just one of well as the improvement of materials and many applications, it could reduce the components for this technology. In the third The renewable energy deep integration EU’s power consumption by some 2% – Fraunhofer Hydrogen Lab Görlitz, the whole processes, is the venture we regard as being that is 2% of nearly 3,000 TWh! hydrogen value chain will be established with most promising and sustainable in the long a focus on reconversion to power. term. Threats to electrolysis efficiency can be mediated by implementation in an In all of these three labs, there are test benches for electrolyzer stacks, up to multi-MW, hydrogen storage tanks, fuel cells, and other hydrogen components/ equipment installed for detailed investigations by Fraunhofer. www.iwes.fraunhofer.de 3 T he first steps in that direction have been taken successfully, for example in the German project LocalHy at the Sonneberg-Heubisch sewage treatment plant in Thuringia. 50 PES WIND