PES Solar 2 2021

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ASK THE EXPERTS Size Matters! 154 PES SOLAR

ASK THE EXPERTS The photovoltaics market continues to grow: the cumulative installed PV capacity in Europe reached 151.7GW at the end of 2020. The potential for both residential and commercial applications is still huge. But the market requirements change. In addition to larger modules with higher outputs, visual aesthetics play an increasingly important role. This also influences the requirements for assembly systems. PES spoke with Christoph Dorscht, Head of Mounting Structure Division of IBC SOLAR, to discuss current trends and why size certainly matters. PES: Welcome back to PES. For the benefit Christoph Dorscht of our readers, would you like to introduce the company and briefly explain how you Take a look at current PV modules on the serve the PV industry? market. The cells of the modules are becoming more and more homogeneous in Christoph Dorscht: IBC SOLAR is a provider their appearance. Black modules are very of photovoltaic and energy solutions much on trend in the residential market. For offering tailor-made systems ranging from home-owners PV systems are increasingly individual solar panels to complete PV becoming more significant. But a sleek and systems. For almost 40 years, our company elegant look cannot be achieved by modules has shaped the development of solar energy alone. It requires corresponding assembly as a source of regenerative energy and systems. All system components form a unit implemented photovoltaic systems with an and have to fit together perfectly, not only output of 5,4 gigawatts throughout Europe for the sake of safety and efficiency, but also and around the globe. for aesthetics. Together with more than 1,000 specialist Of course, there are also a number of more partners worldwide we support clients from technology related or law and ‘standard’ planning to fulfilment of photovoltaic driven developments. systems. We attribute great importance to choosing the best suited solutions. This PES: You mentioned efficiency, what trends includes the quality of each component as do you see in this area? well as optimal pairing of components, which we also test extensively. CD: With regards to cell technology the market evolved from BSF cells (Back Surface PES: This sounds like you are a step closer Field) to PERC cells (Passivated Emitter and to current customer and installation Rear Contact), which today have a market demands or trends than other system manufacturers. What trends do you see in PV and mounting systems? CD: A very visible trend, especially in the residential market, are the growing aesthetic requirements. In the early years of photovoltaics, homeowners made the decision to install their own rooftop PV system, based on their conviction in sustainable power generation. Therefore initially, little attention was paid to the look of the PV system. Thanks to the lower prices of photovoltaic systems in recent years, this changed. Today home- owners do not only expect their PV systems to be regenerative and sustainable, but also to look good. Therefore, more and more systems are introduced to the market to meet this demand. WWW.PESSOLAR.COM 155

ASK THE EXPERTS share of approximately 90 %. But with an installations with larger systems. If the flat roof has thermal insulation, the efficiency of around 22 %, the record is 24,06 load-bearing capacity of the insulation must %, PERC cells are reaching their The calculation of the load capacity is a be carefully checked in advance. In the case technological limits. We are now observing a particularly important step with this of older buildings, they often have insulation new emerging cell type called TOPCon. scenario. In addition to the components, any with a low compressive strength. In the case potential ballast that might come into play, of new buildings, it depends on whether a PV Regardless of the technology, the module such as wind or snow loads, must be taken system was already factored in the planning market is developing in a specific direction: into account. There are already some phase or not. In order to be able to better higher performance reached among other by mounting systems on the market with low distribute the load of the solar system and using new technologies or a higher cell or net weight and good aerodynamic properties potential environmental ballast, it makes module size. At the ‘SNEC’ in China in August that are particularly suitable for flat roofs. sense to use a system with a wide contact 2020, 26 manufacturers were already area and wide rails. In the case of punctual showing modules with power classes greater To protect the membrane (foil and bitumen) loads, additional cost for load distribution than 500 and even up to 600 watts. an additional structural preservation mat is must be factored in. required. Systems in which the building PES: Can you tell us what are the most protection mat is already integrated in the Systems with continuous profile rails distribute common module sizes today and what rails are a very good option for these the load evenly on the roof. For example, we implications do the growing sizes have? scenarios. The pads should be distributed developed our ‘IBC AeroFix’ system in close across the rails in such a way that an contact with industry associations and CD: The development towards larger wafers uninhibited drainage of water is guaranteed. manufacturers of insulation systems. The and modules with higher performance system does not damage the roof cladding and classes as well as towards bifacial modules is there is no risk of water ingress. obvious. Until 2010 the common wafer size was M0 (156 x 156 mm). This was followed by PES: So, weight and insulation factors are a standard size of M2 (156,75 x 156,75 mm) key for flat roofs. What criteria are most until 2018. From 2019 we mostly saw the M3 important for pitched roofs? standard (158,75 x 158,75 mm). In 2021 the module sizes M6 (166 x 166 mm) and M10 (182 TB: While every roof has its own specific x 182 mm) gain market shares. The reason for requirements an important factor for all the larger wafers is the goal of producing cases is that the PV system needs to be solar modules with higher outputs without securely fixed to the roof. The majority of having to develop new cell technologies. roof types can be covered with standard mounting systems. In some cases, however, However, this also results in new challenges for individual solutions are required as it is the the subsequent module installation in terms of case, for example, with roofs with metal roof dimensions, bending rate and the release of tiles, a sheet of metal simulating several tiled clamps and brackets. This leads to significant tiles. In the case it is even more important restrictions, especially in the rooftop area and than usual for roofers and solar installers to when using aerodynamic systems. work closely together. It is important not to invalidate the roof manufacturer’s warranty PES: Obviously mounting systems need to with a PV installation. adapt to the new requirements. Before going into this, can you explain the different types of mounting scenarios and which factors need to be observed? CD: When choosing the mounting method, the roof shape is the first decisive factor. In general, almost every roof is suitable for installing a PV system. Flat roofs, however, are most common for commercial 156 PES SOLAR

ASK THE EXPERTS In order to guarantee a correct planning of use are tested under very strict conditions in narrow floor rails in the same system. This the PV system, we provide our customers for the SUNLAB PV test laboratory. This means way, more stable roof areas or modules with example a planning tool, the so-called PV that every module and every assembly system less ballast can be covered with the cheaper, Manager. It is a comprehensive software must achieve certain values and meet criteria narrow rail, which we call Eco rail. This not program, offering a wide spectrum of in order to be included in our portfolio. only ensures maximum flexibility, but also functions for planning, selling and reduces the cost of materials and the overall processing. The PV system is shown among Current in-roof mounting systems do not yet costs of the system significantly. At the others in a 3D animation and the software achieve the quality and efficiency values that same time, the roof is securely equipped. also supports with the static design. we have set. In this regard, at IBC SOLAR modules are not only tested individually, but PES: Is the weight distribution is also a PES: As pitched roofs are very common in also directly in combination with the security related factor in addition to the residential market, let’s get back to the mounting systems to assure they work well the flexibility? changing aesthetic requirements you together in their applications. This is also the mentioned earlier. Are there additional basis for warranties such as the of 15-year CD: Yes, it’s one important factor. A second is factors to the system colour warranty on every combination of IBC SOLAR related to the mechanical stress which can modules and IBC SOLAR mounting systems. damage cells and thereby reduce the CD: Another factor for a pleasing visual performance. We have addressed this issue appearance, more and more home-owners PES: Coming back to our original theory of with an integrated tilting joint in the assembly are favouring a closed module array. To mounting systems having to adapt to new support. This way the modules are mounted achieve this without compromising the requirements. We have talked about the mechanically tension-free on the system. system efficiency, smart modules or specific needs for certain rooftop microinverters can be used in shaded areas. conditions, have touched on the overall The tilting options and system flexibility offer These can be individually controlled. This growing esthetical demands and on the additional benefits. Modules can not only be way the module in the shaded areas will not growing module sizes. Are there additional mounted horizontally, but also upright and negatively influence the capacity of all factors or connections between these comes with more additional support options modules connected to a string, as it would be topics influencing mounting systems? for the module frames. This way, breaking of the case with normal modules. the modules or pressing of the modules on CD: Yes indeed. Following the trend of the roof surface is prevented in many cases. PES: Are in-roof installations a growing trend? growing module sizes, flexible mounting With an elevation of 8, 10 or 15 degrees in a systems can offer a number of benefits. Not south or east-west direction, there are six CD: We currently see in-roof installation as a only can installers use the same system they different installation and orientation options. niche market. For our mounting systems we are familiar with for different module sizes. attach great importance to not damaging the The flexibility also allows to use different PES: So we can conclude that the changing roof membrane and not risking roof leaks. modules within one system. module size has quite an impact on stability, The in-roof installation is very complex and security and esthetic requirements. Thank expensive, and the fitter must be very careful We have taken the recent developments into you very much for these insights. that the roof remains water-tight. In account when developing our latest addition, roof-top systems also offer better generation of mounting systems for flat CD: It’s been a pleasure, we are looking cooling conditions. roofs which can be used for modules with forward to the next market developments lengths from 1500 to 2100 mm and widths and to supporting exciting installations We also have very high quality and efficiency from 980 to 1150. With the new IBC AeroFix around the globe. standards for assembly solutions. To cover G3 it is also possible to combine wide and those, all modules and mounting systems we www.ibc-solar.com WWW.PESSOLAR.COM 157

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OUR LATEST PRODUCTS, BEST SUITED FOR EUROPEAN MARKETS Lynx Home U Series LV Battery HT Series 1500V 5.4 – 32.4kWh 225-250kW Designed for residential applications Solution for Utility-scale systems Enhanced Safety Compatible with High-power Modules Easy Installation Power Line Communication 2.0 UPS-level Switching I-V Curve Diagnosis COMING SOON Auto Under-voltage Reboot Internal Humidity Detection IP65 Protection Level SVG Function Available GoodWe Europe GmbH | Kistlerhofstrasse 170, 81379 Muenchen, Germany [email protected] | +49 89 7807289-0 (Sales) [email protected] | +49 39 484 976 363 (Service) www.goodwe.com