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ຄຸນສົມບັດສຶກສາ_ຄູ່ມື_Moral

Published by Kapu1105, 2021-08-06 08:13:08

Description: ຄຸນສົມບັດສຶກສາ_ຄູ່ມື_Moral

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IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo -q;j 3,’mu ! !D ;yg7ktlt4kotdko { 76c[’j oadIPovvdgxaod5j,7Qo7;hk8k,gsfdko.oxB,c[[IPoD { 8k’|hkoadIPoc8]j td5j,0Boltg|uzqodko7Qo7;hkF lj;ooadIPod5,j vnoj Mxtdv[7e gsaogru,j g8u,D { 76lts^5[la’];,7no7e8v[0v’oadIPo gsfdkomu !G mhk;mv’ [+7;odjkp[qfc8j’g]nvj ’0v’ok’lvoF ]k;7;ogIaffh;p8qogv’D 4hk ok’lvo.sh]k;djkp9tgIaf.shmhk;mv’gxao7qo0U7hkoF ,ad’jkpF [+1kd7Qo7yf c]t ,ad gvnjvpvu’7qovnoj D ok’lvo7;o8adg8nvomhk;mv’D gsfdkomu @G ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ zyfF ok’rvo8hv’gIaf8k,r+F c,j[vd c]t 8hv’gIaf.shleg]af9bj’9t4n;kj gxao7qo,u 7;k,vqfmqo c]t g-njv2a’r+F c,jD @D ;Pd[hko { 76.shoadIPo;k’czodkogIaf;Pdfh;p8qogv’.o|bj’vkmyfgrnjv]kp’ko.o-qj;3,’ |hkD ;ao 8vog-Qk 8voc]’ 9ao 7ko r5f rtsaf l5d glqk vkmyf 24

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[qfmu $ I6h[5o75ox6pj jk8kpkp ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ g;]k @ -qj;3,’ I. 95fxtlq’ grnjv.shoadIPolk,kfG !D ,u7;k,Ia[zyf-v[8+x6j pjkF 8kF pkpF 7v[7q; c]t g-nhvlkp0v’8qogv’D @D zao0tspkp,6og-hnvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q; c]t g-nhvlkpD #D g/ydxt8y[af8qogv’.shdkpgxao7qomju,u7;k,dt8aop6 c]t I[6h o5 7o5 8+xF6j pkj F 8kF pkpF 7v[7q; c]t g-nhvlkp0v’8qoD II. gonhv.o8Qo8= c8]j t7v[7q;]h;oc8j,ux6jF pkj F 8kF pkpD rg+ 4kQ F c,gj 4kQ D ltooA F r;dgIkq 8vh ’Ida F g7kq ][q oa[4nF Ih6[5o75oF ,u7;k,Ia[zyf-v[F -;j pgs^nvF Iadcr’F lq’j glu, c]t zao0tspkp,6og-nhvvao fu’k,0v’7v[7q;F g-hnvlkp0v’8qo3fp8A’|hkIjeIPoF c]t -j;pgsn^vr;dgryoj 8k,7;k, lk,kf0v’8qoD III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvo { xhb,c[[IPo c]t xB,7j6,n76;y-k75olq,[af0Ao xD &D { I6[rk[mydj Pj ;raog4y’7;k,Ih6[5o75o8+x6jF pjkF 8kF pkpD { dk[dvoF 7eztspkF 7el5rklyfmjug;qQkg4y’[5o75o0v’x6jF pkj F 8kF pkp X4hk,u?D IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo -qj;3,’mu ! !D lqomtokg]nvj ’ <wxws;hmkfxj6F pkj <D { 76.shoadIPovkj og]nvj ’ <wxws;hmkfx6jF pkj < { 76.shoadIPo7qho7;hk # 7e4k,16jmhkp[qfIPoD { 76gvhuooadIPo9eo;o|bj’g]qjkg]njv’7no3fpsph=D { 76gvhuooadIPo9eo;o|bj’0Bo8v[7e4k,D 26

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{ 76.shoadIPolqomtokda[grjnvooaj’0hk’c]h;0Po.ljxB,0v’8qoD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { 76gvhuooadIPo9eo;o|bj’0Boltg|uD 76lts^5[G { 76la’gdf c]t phv’p=oadIPomjuIh6[5o75o8+xj6F pjkF 8kF pkp3fpltcf’vvd.odko gIaf;Pd8q;9y’fh;p7;k,laf-nj[=]yl5fD { 768adg8nvooadIPoz6hmuj[+maoxt8y[afwfhfuD { 76cotoeoadIPovkj o[qfIPomu1j 6mj hkp[qfIPo c]t xt8y[af.shwfhD &D lqomtok;Pd[hko { 76.shoadIPog]qkj ,6og-hnvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q;F g-hnvlkp0v’8qo D { 76gvhuooadIPo9eo;o|bj’vvd,kg]qjkdPj ;da[,6og-hnvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q;F g-hnvlkp 0v’8qogv’lj6\\j62a’D { 76phv’p=-q,g-upoadIPomjuvvd,kg]qkj c]t 4k,8nj,vud;jkG T ohv’,u7;k,rkdr6,.98+,6og-hnvvaofu’k,oAo[=L T ohv’9tgIafspa’grnjv.shlq,da[,6og-hnvvaofu’k,faj’dkj ;L 76lts^5[G c8j]t7v[7q;F g-hnvlkp0v’c8j]t7qod=,u,6og-hnvvaofu’k,mujgxaogvdt]ad0v’8qoD lt oAoF r;dgIqk8hv’xqdxadIadlk c]t glu,0tspkp,6og-hnvvaofu’k,fa’j djk;.shpnopq’7q’8q; 16jda[7v[7q; c]t la’7q,8ts^vfwxD *D g]nvd7ela[.l[j jvo;jk’ X[qfg/ydsafmu # .oxB,c[[IPo? { 76.shoadIPo8n,j 7ela[G IadF ,6og-NvF x6Fj pkj F 8kpkp .l[j jvo;jk’.sh4nd8hv’D { 76gvUooadIPo @{# 7qovvd,kvkj ol6\\j 6.j oshv’2a’D { 76.shoadIPoz6hvnoj Mxtdv[7egsaogruj,g8u,F { 76lts^5[G XoadIPo8nj,4nd8hv’[+? m5d7qo]h;oc8j,ux6Fj pjkF 8kF pkp gxaodqdg7Qk0v’7v[7q;8qogv’D r;dgIqk8hv’Iad x6Fj pjkF 8kF pkp c]t zao0tspkp,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q; c]t g-Nvlkp0v’8qoD 28

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IVD dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ -qj;3,’mu ! !D lqomtok4k,{8v[ { 768A’7e4k, + oadIPog7up,ugrnjvolt|yflt|q,[+L + grnjvoIadcr’daomulj 5fltcf’vvdco;.fL { 76gvUooadIPo8v[xt,ko &{( 7qoD { 76lts^5[7no7e8v[0v’oadIPoD grnvj oIadcr’daomujl5f7;oltcf’vvd7nG [+zyf 4P’daoF -j;pgs^nvg-y’j dao c]t daomk’fhkodkoIOIPoF dkovvdcI’’ko c]t dkog7nvj ows;;Pd’kovnjoMgxao8QoD @D lqomtokgxao76j { 76.shoadIPogIaf[qfg/ydsafmu ! .oxB,c[[IPoD { 76.shoadIPo9a[76jlqomtokIj;,daoD { 8k’|hk76oadIPovvd,k]kp’kozqodko7Qo7;hkD { oadIPoz6hvnjoMxtdv[7egsaogru,j g8u,D 76la’];,G 0=h d G 4nd gxaogrnjvo8hv’c[’j xaodaodyoF [+7;ogsaocdj8q;D 0=h 0 G zyf grkt [+7;o0qj,gsa’\\6Fj 8hv’,u7;k,lk,ad7uIadcr’dao 0=h 7 G 4nd 4hkgrnvj ogIafzyf8hv’[vd c]t 8adg8nvoD 0=h ’ G 4nd [+;kj 9tgxao;Pd|ad s^n g[qkr;dgIqk8hv’-;j pdao c]t rhv,daogIaf9bj’4n;kj ,uoE.98+grnvj oD #D ;Pd[hko { 76.shoadIPo0Po[qfg]nvj ’}c8h,I6[}g]qjkg]njv’dPj ;da[grnvj ocmhD -qj;3,’|hk.shvvd ,kg]qkj .sh\\6j2a’D 30

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