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West Bengal My El Dorado 51 PURULIA JAIN TEMPLE According to the Jaina Bhagavati-Sutra, the place existed as early as the 5th century and was one of the 16 Mahajanapadas of its time. It is believed that Purulia was a part of the country known as Vajra- bhumi, in ancient times. History manifests itself in the built heritage of Purulia. Palaces and temples reflect the royal past. The classic architectural splendours primarily consist of temples of Jain origin and design. The vast treasure house of sculpture and carvings showcase excellent creativity and craftman- ship of the artisans. MURSHIDABAD JAIN TEMPLE The district of Murshidabad has plenty of Jain architecture, most of which were built in the eighteenth century. Jain Temples are believed to have Blossomed in Murshidabad with Jain migration in Murshidabad during the Nawabs under the Mughals. Nawab Mursheed Coolie Khan established the city of Murshidabad in the seventeenth century. Jagat Seth Manikchand Gelda of Jain community came along with Nawab Mursheed coolie Khan to live in. Some other Jain families from Rajasthan came following him and started residing near Murshidabad to capitalise the great business market of Murshidabad then. The region contributed 5% of the world’s GDP in the early 18th century becoming renowned bankers and financiers of the ruling Nawabs. THE SHWETAMBAR JAIN TEMPLE The temple is dedicated to Parshwanath, who was the 23rd Jain Tirthankar, and this is one of the most important Jain temples in Kolkata. The place is famous all over that is why devout Jains from distant parts of India flock to the Temple precincts all round the year. The temple consists of four temples inside of it. The deity of Lord Shitalnathji is seated in the sanctum sanctorum, and his diamond-studded forehead is a major attraction for the visitors. 51

52 West Bengal My El Dorado DIGAMBAR JAIN PARASWANATH TEMPLE Built in 1914, the Shree Digambar Jain Pareswanath Temple of Kolkata is a very sacred place of worship for the Digambara Jain community. Digambara is one of the two main sects of Jainism – the other branch is Svetambara. This glorious red temple with its bright red entrance greets the pilgrims to the temple premise, which has four sprawling gardens surrounded by trees, hedges and flowering plants for the visitors to take rest and feel oneness with nature. The pilgrims can also feed the hundreds of fish in the fish tank. There are some symbolic installations like a cow and tiger feeding from the same waterhole and some fountains within the temple premise too. SHREE DIGAMBAR JAIN BADA MANDIR Shree Digambar jain Bada Mandir is located in 1Basak lane, Burra Bazar, Kolkata- 700007. This is a very ancient temple. Before 165 years there were Chaitalyas located in this place. In the year 1826 Seth Hulashroy Agarwala built a digambar jain temple. This temple was renovated several times. The main idols of Bhagwan Adinath, Bhagwan Paraswanath and Bhagwan Mahavira are established in the temple. The temple is decorated with artful glass work. There is a very big hall on the ground floor. The present secretary is Sri Ratanlal Ji Sethi. The temple is managed by Shree Digambar Jain Bara Mandir Committee. DEULGHATA TEMPLES Temples of Deulghata, literally meaning ‚the land of temples‛, is one of the rich heritage sites of Purulia district as it bears the marks of ancient Indian history, Jainism. There were three brick temples out of which two can be seen at present. The third one which was the biggest of the three collapsed a few years back. The deuls are standing on the bank of river Kasai in Jaipur Boram village, almost 30 km from Purulia town. 52

West Bengal My El Dorado 53 PAKBIRA Temples of Pakbira Located in Pakbira village, 40km away from Purulia town by Purulia-Puncha Road, Pakbira or Pakbirrah is the largest and most famous archaeological spot in Purulia district. Pakbirra is referred to as the open museum of Purulia. Out of the large number of Jain sculptures found here many can still be seen. At present three stone temples are standing here and innumerable statues, decorative stones and panels dot the whole place. BANDA TEMPLES Temples of Banda, a village in Raghunathpur II, is 35 km away from Purulia town and 3km from Cheliyama village which is also famous for its temple or deul called Bander Deul. The temple at Banda is the finest in structure of all the stone temples found in Purulia. This stone temple is surrounded by innumerable palash trees. It has intricate stone carvings and an amalaka still on its top. A stone roofed porch with stone pillars is found at the back side of the deul. SHRI ADINATH BHAGWAN JAIN MANDIR, KATHGOLA Kathgola is another famous Jain temple situated near Nashipur. The Adinath temple is built in an area of over hundred acres. Garden with gorgeous decorations surrounding the temple is the main attraction of this temple. There are several ponds enhancing the beauty of this temple garden. There is a huge gate in the main entrance and a palace-like building used as a museum. This museum was full with cut glass items manufactured by the famous Oslar company in the UK. Most of these expensive items were stolen in the seventh decade of last century. Rai Laxmipat Singh Bahadoor Dugar built this temple along with a Dadabadi in the 19th century. The palace and garden are used many times for shooting Hindi and Bengali movies. 53

54 West Bengal My El Dorado SREE CHINTAMONI PARSWANATH BHAGWAN TEMPLE In the year 1750 A.D Sri Saubhagya Vijayji, describing the place, mentioned about the prosperity of the area and the generous nature of its wealthy people. From several other sources references are available about these wealthy Jains having also built Jain temples and dharamshalas elsewhere besides having carried out several renovations. They were generally big landlords and were known by the title of ‘Babus’. The temple here was constructed about 125 years ago. This is one of the main temples in the Panchtirthi of Bengal. Here, there are about 30 idols made out of nine precious stones which are attractive and worth seeing. KOLKATA JAIN TEMPLE It is a Jain temple at Badridas Temple Street is a major tourist attraction in Kolkata. The temple was built by a Jain named Rai Badridas Bahadoor Mookim in 1867. Pratishtha was done by Sri Kalyan Surishwarji Maharaj. 54

West Bengal My El Dorado 55 Buddhist Monasteries West Bengal boasts beautiful, historic Buddhist monasteries, also known as viharas, offering visitors a glimpse into the cultural and spiritual heritage of Buddhism in India. These monasteries are located in picturesque settings, surrounded by nature. Visitors can explore ancient architecture, intricate carvings and learn about Buddhism from resident monks. Some monasteries also offer meditation and yoga classes, allowing visitors to experience Buddhism firsthand. Whether you’re a history buff, spiritual seeker or simply looking for a peaceful destination, West Bengal’s Buddhist monasteries are a must-see. BUDDHA MANDIR Buddha Mandir at Dhakuria is located in the heart of the city, yet far from the madding crowd. It was founded way back in 1935 by the most venerable late Nichidatsu Fujii Guruji under Nippon Myohoji. The temple follows Nichiren Buddhism of Japan that preaches to pray not for personal gain, but for the benefit of all living beings in the universe, cultivate love and passion and practice purity. GARIA BUDDHA Garia Buddha Temple is considered as one of the most beautiful temples in Kolkata. It was established in the year 1976 at Milan Park, Garia in around 7 Katha land. Garia Buddha Temple is famous for its peaceful ambiance & Buddha Statue donated by Buddha Dharma Foundation of Thailand. Well decorated spacious Auditorium & Old Temple adjacent to the new Temple is also another specialty. It is the main Buddha Temple for around 500 Buddhist families of Garia & southern part of Kolkata. THARPA CHOLING MONASTERY Tibetan refugee self-help centre was established on 1st October 1959 to rehabilitate displaced Tibetians who had followed His Holiness, The Dalai Lama to India in early 1959. This centre produces excellent carpets, woollen goods, wood work, leather work etc. The Tibetan craftsmen can be seen at work at the centre. 55

56 West Bengal My El Dorado BOKRA NGEDON CHOKHOR LING MONASTERY The Bokar Ngedon Chokhor Ling Monastery is located at the highest point of Mirik, boasting a beautiful view of the surrounding area. The monastery is home to 500 monks who practise and sustain the teachings of Shakyamuni Buddha. It also serves as a school teaching Buddhism and has a monastic college named Shedra. Founded in 1984 as a retreat centre, it was later transformed into a monastery by Kyabje Bokar Rinpoche. The monastery is overseen by Kyabje Bokar Khenchen Donyo Rinpoche and is easily accessible from Siliguri and New Jalpaiguri railway stations. DALI MONASTERY A Drukpa Kagyud Monastery belonging to the Kagyupa Order of Tibetan Buddhism is the Dali Monastery at Dali - on the route between Ghoom and Darjeeling at an altitude of 7000 ft above sea level. The Dali Gompa is perched atop a hillock between Darjeeling Railway Station and Ghoom Railway Station and is just 5 kms south of Darjeeling City. Dali Gompa was built by Kyabje Thuksey Rimpoche in 1971. This Monastery is the largest in the area - in terms of headcount of resident Monks. 210 Tibetan Buddhists of the Drukchen sect stay at the Dali Gompa. GHOOM MONASTERY Ghoom Monastery is the popular name of the Yiga Choeling Monastery located at Ghoom at an elevation of 7,000 feet, 8 km from Darjeeling. The monastery belongs to the Gelukpa or the Yellow Hat sect and is famous for its 15 feet high special statue of the Maitreya Buddha. SALUGARA MONASTERY This beautiful Monastery was built by Kalu Rimpoche, a Tibetian Lama. Tashi Gomang Stupa is situated nearly 6 kms from Siliguri in West Bengal. It includes a one hundred foot stupa. It contains five types of relics, and is maintained by the Drodon Kunchab Chodey Buddhist Association. This stupa is considered sacred for the five types of Buddha relics. 56

West Bengal My El Dorado 57 TAMANG MONASTERY Tamang Monastery, located in Mirik, is a popular destination for spiritual seekers and travellers. The intricate art on the walls and the beautiful view of snow-capped Kanchenjunga make it a must-see. Summer is the best time to visit, and nearby Sumendu Lake offers boating and fishing. Visitors can also explore other nearby attractions like the Peace Pagoda, Himalayan Rail, and Mt. Kanchenjunga. Accommodation and local transport, like cabs and horses, are available near the lake. MAHA BODHI SOCIETY The Maha Bodhi Society is a South Asian Buddhist society founded by the Sri Lankan Buddhist leader Anagarika Dharmapala and the British journalist and poet Sir Edwin Arnold. The organisation’s self-stated initial efforts were for the resuscitation of Buddhism in India, and restoring the ancient Buddhist shrines at Bodh Gaya, Sarnath and Kushinara. In 1891, while on pilgrimage to the recently restored Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya, the location where Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) attained enlightenment, Anagarika Dharmapala had experienced a shock to find the temple in the hands of a Saivite priest. HSAN TSANG CHINESE BUDDHIST TEMPLE The Hsuan Tsang Chinese Buddhist Temple (Monastery) in Paschim Chowbaga (Tiljala) Kolkata is located on the outskirts of the city. Founded by Chien Wu in 1968 it also serves as a lama training centre. An apartment block has come up straight in front of the pagoda style gate of the Hsuan Tsang Monastery, which blocked the flow of energy. So a Feng – Shui expert from Hong Kong, who visited the monastery, decided to block the main entrance and create a temporary entrance to the Hsuan Tsang Monastery. 57

58 West Bengal My El Dorado ST. TERESA CIRCUIT ST. MARY’S SCHOOL Mother Teresa lived in a house in East Calcutta, After her return from Darjeeling, she taught at St. which is now popularly known as the “The First Mary’s and soon became the principal. She mixed House of the Missionary”. The foundation stone of with one and all. It is said that simple gestures such the Missionaries of Charity was laid here. Michael as placing her hand on the forehead of the child Gomes and his family welcomed Mother Teresa to or perhaps holding the child’s hand brought her live with them on the second floor and pay no rent. immense joy. They joyously welcomed her, supported her and also accompanied her occasionally to help others in need. Gradually 10 sisters joined her congregation and started living with Mother Teresa. This was the place where she was enlightened of taking a bigger step towards serving the poor and open Missionaries of Charity. ST. TERESA CHURCH, KALIMPONG This is the largest Roman Catholic Church in Kalimpong and it is run by the Catholic Fathers. Built in 1929 by Jesuits priests with the help of local craftsmen, the religious personalities in the paintings that decorate the wall have a distinct Tibetan / Chinese touch. NIRMAL HRIDAY It was just another day in the life of Mother Teresa when she saw a lady lying unattended to her wounds beside a hospital, unable to move. Given her nature, she picked the woman up in her arms and went inside. Admission to her was denied due to her inability to pay the fees. It was later that day that the woman left for heavenly abode on the street itself. It was then, moved by the incident that Mother decided that she has to open a home for the dying. 58

West Bengal My El Dorado 59 THE MOTHER HOUSE On October 7, 1950, the church had a new congregation in its fold: the Missionaries of Charity, headed by Mother Teresa. In February 1953, Mother Teresa and her group moved into their new residence. In tribute to their founder, the sisters called it the Mother House. It is the headquarters of the international religious congregation of the Missionaries of Charity. St. Thomas Church After Mother Teresa’s blessed demise at the Mother House,there was a private service at the Chapel. She was then taken to the St. Thomas’ Church (Loreto College)and kept for 7 days before her funeral. The body of Mother Teresa was laid in this church for one week prior to her funeral, in September 1997. GANDHIJI PREM NIVAS Gandhiji Prem Nivas Leprosy Centre at Titagarh was started by Mother Teresa in 1958 as a mobile clinic under a tree for an existing community of people with leprosy. In October 1960 the Titagarh Municipality leased a piece of land to establish a permanent centre. The rehabilitation work envisaged by the sisters and brothers of Missionaries of Charity, had taken into account the physical, mental, financial and spiritual alienation of leprosy patients, severely disabled and deformed, with a destiny to help them to found human dignity, self respect and a, sense of personal response. 59

60 West Bengal My El Dorado SYNAGOGUE IN KOLKATA Kolkata, which was the capital of British India, many communities including the Jews arrived here. Shalon Aharon Obadiah Cohen arrived in Kolkata in 1798. He was born in Syria in 1762. He first arrived in Surat in 1792 and then in Kolkata. In the 19th Century Jews began to settle in large numbers in Kolkata. Next generation of Jews used European dress and English in their language for their communication. There are five Synagogues in Kolkata. Permission is required from the Commonwealth offices to visit the Synagogues. Jewish cemetery in Kolkata is at 45, Narkeldanga Main Road, Moses de Pus, first recorded death in Kolkata in 1812. MAGHEN DAVID SYNAGOGUE Built in 1884 over the older Neveh Shalom, by Elias David Joseph Ezra. An inscription on the building describes Ezra as the Father of the Jewish community and indeed he built a grand place of worship, reputedly the ‘largest and most splendid in the in the Orient’. The brick-red, Italian Renaissance building is distinguished by its tall spire and gorgeous interiors. These include delicate stained- glass windows, plaques inscribed in Hebrew and a carved tebah (or altar). BETH EL SYNAGOGUE Across the road, on Pollock street,is the Beth El Synagogue, built by Ezra’s father,the influential David Joseph Ezra, in 1856. Marble stairs lead into this pale yellow edifice with beautifully preserved interiors hung with chandeliers and bathed in light that filters in through large, stained-glass windows. A bust of the venerable Ezra is displayed in the founder’s room adjacent to the main hall. Above the altar is a dome bearing three inscriptions, including verses from the Torah. 60

West Bengal My El Dorado 61 NEVEH SHALOME SYNAGOGUE In the early 18th century, Jewish settlers began migrating to Calcutta (now Kolkata) in India and established synagogues for daily worship. The first recorded Jewish settler was Shalom Aharon Obadiah Cohen in 1798, who migrated from Aleppo (present- day Syria) and settled in Surat before coming to Calcutta. Over the years, more Jews settled in Calcutta until India’s independence in 1947 and the formation of the state of Israel in 1948. During this period, five synagogues were erected in Calcutta, with the first one being “Neveh Shalome” built in 1831 by Shalom Cohen, which stood until 1884. MAGEN ABOTH SYNAGOGUE The Synagogue established in 1933 by A. Levroy in Calcutta (now Kolkata) near Old China Bazar (now Territi Bazar) no longer exists. It was built for convenience for those unable to go to other Synagogues. Although it was not as old as other Synagogues in the city, it has been replaced by an apartment and a marble tablet on the entrance mentions its establishment in 1940. However, according to a document by the Jewish Welfare Association, it was established in 1933 by A. Levroy. SHAARE RASOON This Synagogue was established in 1897 and was a simple prayer hall located at the junction of Free School Street and Sudder Street in Calcutta (Now Kolkata). Now the hall is there but has no trace of the Synagogue. For entry in any Synagogue in Kolkata (Calcutta), special permission is required. Permission can be obtained from Jewish Girls School, Kolkata. 61

62 West Bengal My El Dorado West Bengal is a state rich in cultural heritage and natural beauty. The state is known for its lush green tea gardens and tea plantations, which make it one of the most popular tourist destinations in India. Tea tourism is an emerging trend in the state and is gaining popularity among tourists who are seeking to experience the rich history of tea culture and the natural beauty of the tea gardens. The tea gardens of West OUR TEA Bengal are not just a source of livelihood TOURISM for the local people, but also a source of pride for the state. 62

West Bengal My El Dorado 63 The tea gardens of West Bengal are spread over the hand, is famous for its tea gardens and is surrounded hills of Darjeeling, Dooars, Terai and other regions. by dense forests, rolling hills and river valleys. Visitors They offer a unique experience to visitors, with can also experience the rich cultural heritage of West their scenic beauty, lush green tea bushes and serene Bengal by visiting the historical sites, temples and atmosphere. Tea tourism offers the opportunity to monasteries in the region. explore the tea gardens, learn about the tea-making In conclusion, tea tourism in West Bengal offers process and taste the tea produced in the region. a unique and enriching experience to visitors. It Visitors can interact with tea pluckers, learn about provides an opportunity to explore the natural the different types of tea produced in the region and beauty of the tea gardens, learn about the tea- also attend tea-tasting sessions. making process and taste the tea produced in the In addition to visiting the tea gardens, visitors region. The tea gardens of West Bengal are a source can also explore the nearby attractions, such as of pride for the state and offer visitors a chance to the wildlife sanctuaries, cultural sites, hill stations experience the rich history and culture of the region. and waterfalls. The tea gardens of Darjeeling are With the increasing popularity of tea tourism, West surrounded by scenic beauty, including the mighty Bengal is poised to become one of the leading Kanchenjunga mountain, rolling hills, lush green destinations for tea enthusiasts from all over the forests and gushing streams. Dooars, on the other world. Notable Destinations The beautiful surroundings of tea plantations and BARADIGHI the adjoining national parks along with the river Baradighi is a tea garden in the evergreen depths flowing through the garden. Make it one of the of the Dooars Valley of North Bengal bordering favourite destinations to remember the luxury of Assam & Bhutan. bygone days amidst nature. Baradighi- The Bungalow is a Majestic 150 years old Apart from six exclusively designed heritage suites, Bungalow amidst 507 hectares of Tea plantations. we have recently added a beautiful two-bedroom Bungalow to make the guest’s experience more memorable. 63

64 West Bengal My El Dorado West Bengal is a culturally OUR HERITAGErich and diverse state with a long history of cultural, artistic, TOURISM and religious practices. From ancient ruins to colonial architecture, West Bengal offers a vast array of heritage tourism destinations for visitors to explore. The state has been a hub of cultural and artistic activities since ancient times and has a long history of cultural and religious practices, which has shaped its rich cultural heritage. 64

West Bengal My El Dorado 65 Heritage tourism in West Bengal is characterised famous landmarks, is a prime example of colonial by its diversity, including monuments, temples, architecture and attracts thousands of visitors every palaces, forts, and colonial architecture. The state year. The St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Royal Calcutta is home to some of India’s most iconic heritage Turf Club, and the Howrah Bridge are some of sites, such as the Victoria Memorial in Kolkata, the the other colonial-era monuments that are popular Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, and the Darjeeling- among heritage tourists. Rangeet Valley. The state also boasts of a number Heritage tourism in West Bengal has grown in of magnificent temples, such as the Kali Temple in popularity in recent years, with an increasing number Kalighat, the Dakshineswar Kali Temple, and the of tourists visiting the state to explore its rich cultural Belur Math, which attract millions of visitors every heritage. The state government has also taken steps year. to promote and preserve the cultural heritage of West The colonial architecture of West Bengal is also a Bengal by declaring some of the monuments and major attraction for heritage tourists. The British sites as protected areas and by encouraging private colonial era has left a lasting impression on the state, investment in the tourism industry. With its rich with a number of impressive colonial-style buildings cultural heritage, West Bengal is poised to become and monuments that dot the cities and towns. The one of India’s leading heritage tourism destinations Victoria Memorial in Kolkata, one of the city’s most in the coming years. 65

66 West Bengal My El Dorado Notable Destinations COLONIAL HERITAGE Colonial rule in India was started by European countries like France, Portugal, Denmark, and Dutch in the 15th century, later the British came to India and emerged as the dominant power in the 18th century suppressing dominance of other European countries. This colonial rule continued till the mid 20th century when India finally got independence in 1947. Though colonial rule ended, lots of buildings and other heritage was left behind by these countries which represent the colonial heritage in India. Talking about colonial heritage of West Bengal, the most prominent areas representing colonial heritage refers to Chandannagar, Chinsurah, Bandal and Serampore. BANDEL CHURCH The Portuguese were the first Europeans to settle in Bengal and also have the distinction of building the first Christian Church in Bengal.The Church of Our Lady of the Happy Voyage was initially constructed in 1599 and demolished by the Mughals in 1632 and was rebuilt the same year. Sadly, the Church has been reconstructed several times and today represents a modern structure. It is popularly known as the Bandel Church. The word Bandel means ‘mast’ in Portuguese. The Bandel Church compound houses a mast, which was gifted by a Portuguese ship captain, after his ship was damaged in a storm in Hooghly. Apart from the mast and church, nothing much remains of Portuguese history in Bandel. For More information read Bandel, Church and Imambara. 66

West Bengal My El Dorado 67 CHANDANNAGAR SERAMPORE Unlike Bandel, Chinsurah and Serampore, Serampore remained under Danish rule till 1845, Chandannagar still boasts a lot of French heritage. after which the Danish Governor decided to sell it Chandannagar was a French colony till 1950 and to the British East India Company. Built in 1818, the French is still taught as a third language in many of Serampore College, with its grand facade, reminds Chandannagar’s schools. The Chandannagar Strand one of the glorious days of Danish Serampore. is considered as the most beautiful stretch of the Danish missionary Carey, along with Ward and Hooghly and still houses a few French mansions. Marshman, started the Serampore Mission Press and Just off The Strand, is the Sacred Heart Church, published the first Bengali translation of the Bible. one of the prime attractions of Chandannagar. They also started the Friends of India newspaper. The church interior has beautiful stained glasses. Serampore also houses two Cemeteries dating back The Durgacharan Rakshit Ghat on the Strand is an to the Danish days. The Baptist Mission Cemetery interesting mix of Indo - French architecture. Also in Serampore contains the family graves of Carey, on the Strand is the Duplex’s Museum, housing Ward and Marshman, while the Danish Cemetery a French Museum. For more information read houses several other Danish graves. Chandannagar, a slice of France. BISHNUPUR Bishnupur is a town in West Bengal known for its terracotta temples and Baluchari sarees. The town prospered in the 17th and 18th centuries under the Malla dynasty, developing a unique form of architecture. The Terracotta tiles depict stories from Ramayana and Mahabharata. Bishnupur is also famous for traditional handloom sarees, pottery, artefacts, and terracotta jewellery. The town is also known for the School of Hindustani Music which flourished under royal patronage along with the Bishnupur School of Painting. The history of Bishnupur can be traced back to 694 AD. The most powerful king of the dynasty was King Raghunath Singh Dev II, who ruled from 1626 AD and developed a close friendship with the king of Bengal. 67

68 West Bengal My El Dorado MUKUTMONIPUR Mukutmonipur is a secluded yet popular tourist destination 55 kms from Bankura. The main attraction is the Mukutmonipur Dam, which offers beautiful views of the rocky river and a nearby Deer Park that can be accessed via ferry service. The area is perfect for those looking for a peaceful weekend getaway with its tranquil nature and giant lake formed by the Kangsabati water reservoir. Visitors can enjoy boating, strolling on the dam or pavement, and watching the sunrise or sunset. The peaceful and romantic atmosphere is perfect for couples looking to escape the hustle and bustle of city life. GARH DARWAJA Garh Darwaja is a Terracotta gateway situated in Bishnupur, a destination famous for its Terracotta masonry built during the rule of the Malla Kings. This gateway is also known as the ‘Chota Patthar Darwaja’ or ‘Small Gateway’ of Bishnupur. Garh Darwaja is an arched terracotta structure with a plain exterior. At a short distance from this gateway lies another gateway which is larger in size and is known as the ‘Bara Patthar Darwaja’ or ‘Main Gateway’ of Bishnupur. DAL MADOL The cannon named as Dal Madol was built by the Malla kings to fight the Maratha invasion. This Cannon is near Chinomasta temple and is significant for the people of Bishnupur as well as Bengal. The cannon measures about 3.8 m in length and has a barrel of 28.5 cms. It was built in the year 1742 under Raja Gopal Singh to protect Bishnupur from Marathas. The Cannon is built with iron materials and doesn’t have any rust, though it has been exposed to rain and sun since the 18th century. 68

West Bengal My El Dorado 69 ACHARYA JOGESH CHANDRA PURAKRITI BHAWAN The Acharya Jogesh Chandra Purakriti Bhawan in Bishnupur is a museum related to art and archaeology. In the archaeological gallery there are tools from the Mesolithic and Palaeolithic era, metal ornaments, terracotta sculptures, etc. This Museum accounts for the coins and artefacts from the ancient days of Bishnupur, starting from the Gupta kings to the Pal kingdom. Also, there is contemporary art and paintings, manuscripts and rare photographs. A section of the Purakriti Bhawan is dedicated to the musical culture of Bishnupur Gharana and has many instruments and photographs displayed. The Purakriti Bhawan remains open on Saturdays and Sundays for the tourists. MURSHIDABAD The last capital city of independent Bengal before British rule was named after Nawab Murshid Quli Khan, the Dewan of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha. Situated on the banks of the Bhagirathi, it is a city of splendour and is famous for its silk. It was made the capital of Bengal in 1717. The British shifted the capital to Kolkata in 1773. Plassey (Palashi), where the historic battle was fought in 1757 between Nawab Siraj-ud-Doula and Lord Clive of the East India Company, is only 40 km south of Murshidabad. HAZARDUARI PALACE The palace with a thousand doors, is the chief tourist attraction of Murshidabad. Built in 1837 by Duncan McLeod for the Nawab Najim Humaun Jah, a descendant of Mir Zafar, it has a thousand doors (only 900 are real) and 114 rooms and 8 galleries. It is now a museum and has an exquisite collection of armour, splendid paintings, exhaustive portraits of the Nawabs, beautiful works of ivory from China and many other valuable works of art. 69

70 West Bengal My El Dorado MOTI JHEEL Moti Jheel, also known as Pearl Lake, is located 3 km north of Hazarduari and 1 km south of Lal Bagh on Berhampur Road. The palace “Sanghi- dalan” was built by the eldest son-in-law of Alivardi Khan on the shore of the U-shaped lake. After the death of Nawaje, Alivardi’s eldest daughter Begum Mehurnnisa made Moti Jheel her home. Pearls were once cultivated in the lake, thus giving it the name “Moti”. However, the palace and its history have been lost and the Moti Jheel Entertainment Park is now a popular tourist destination with toy trains, museums, and boating facilities. NASIPUR ROYAL PALACE The miniature of the Hazarduari, the Nasipur Royal Palace is situated a little to the north of Akhra, very close to Jagat Seth’s house. It was built in the 2nd half of the 19th century by Raja Kirtichand Bahadur who came from Panipath to do business and later who became famous during the devastating famine of 76 as a revenue collector of the British company. The palace is also known as the house of Debi Singha. Though the palace is in ruins now, numerous Gods and Goddesses of the Hindu Purana are still in existence. The Jhulan of Nasipur is also famous. A little distance away is the Akhra of Ramanuj sect - Mohandas Ashram. 70

West Bengal My El Dorado 71 KHOSH BAGH Khosh Bagh lies on the opposite banks of Bhagirathi. The grave of Nawab Alivardi Khan, Alivardi’s Mother, Siraj-ud-Doula and his wife Lutfannesha and other members of the Nawab family lived here. The Khosh Bagh cemetery is built over 7.65 acres of land. KASHIM BAZAR The port town of Kashim Bazar, also known as Masuma Bazar, surrounded by the Padma, Bhagirathi, and Jalangi rivers, is located in the middle of Berhampur and Murshidabad. Despite its historical significance, it is currently neglected by tourists. The Royal Palace at Kashim Bazar boasts unique features, including the Thakurdalan, a place of worship with a majestic balcony supported by 100 decorated pillars and 50 arches. The town also features a mosque built in the style of the 18th century Katra Masjid, as well as ten Shiva temples near Katiganga. Visitors can also see the Neminath Jain Temple, the Neelkuthi, and the Berhampur College. The Bera Festival, a colourful event featuring rafts dedicated to the Water-God Khoja and Khijir, is held annually on the last Thursday of the Bengali month of Bhadra. ROSHNI BAGH This beautiful garden is decorated with fountains and light was built by Nawab Alivardi Khan together with a beautiful mosque in the premises in the year 1730. Numerous other members of the Nawab family also lie buried here beside the main tomb of Siraj-ud- Daulah. A little distance to the north is Farha Bagh or the Sukh-Kanan built by Shuja which no longer exists today but one can have sight of the ruins of the mint, the last testimony of capital Murshidabad. This mint was later shifted to Kolkata in 1799. 71

72 West Bengal My El Dorado KATGOLA PALACE JAHANKOSHA CANNON Mahimapur is home to the ruins of the old banking Tope Khana, located southeast of Katra Mosque, house of Jagat Seth, a well-known name in Bengal’s is home to the Nawab’s Artillery Park and the history. They were Jains and Marwari by caste east entrance gate of the old capital. The area is and became famous for their vast wealth as the protected by Gobra Nala, known as Katra Jheel. Nawab’s banker, primarily through the Jade trade. Among the attractions is the Jahan Kosha “destroyer Their transactions were as extensive as the Bank of of the world” gun, which once rested on a carriage England. The Jagat Seth’s name is connected to the embedded in a peepal tree. The cannon is made of a Nashipur Raj Bari, a historical site in Bengal. combination of eight metals and weighs 7,900 kgs. It requires 17 kgs of gunpowder for a single firing. MOTIJHEEL PARK Motijheel Park is a modern tourist spot that offers THE BATTLEFIELD OF PLASSEY a unique blend of eco-friendly ambience, Nawabi The Battle of Plassey was a significant victory for history and amusement items at a competitive the British East India Company over the Nawab price. It is designed by Bengal Tourism and offers of Bengal on June 23, 1757. The battle established budget holiday packages to explore the sea, beaches, the Company’s rule in Bengal, which expanded mountains, jungles, heritage, villages, cultures, and throughout much of India for the next century. cuisine of Bengal. The region is culturally and It took place at Plassey, near the Bhagirathi River, ethnically diverse, with a mix of heritage buildings between the Nawab, Siraj-ud-Daulah, and the British and modern architecture. Come explore the first East India Company. Robert Clive bribed a key capital of India, where rustic village life coexists ally and defeated the Nawab at Plassey, capturing with modern metropolis high rises. Calcutta. A war memorial was built in 1757 and a statue of Siraj-ud-Daulah was recently established by the Government of West Bengal. 72

West Bengal My El Dorado 73 MALDA Malda, located at the confluence of the Mahananda and Kalindi rivers, is a famous tourist destination in West Bengal known for its rich history and heritage. Previously known as English Bazaar, it was named after the English factory established there in 1771. Visitors can explore nearby Gaur and Pandua, both historical capitals of ancient Bengal with many Muslim monuments, and visit the Malda Museum to see architectural and anthropological specimens. The area is also known for its cotton and silk industries and its mangoes and mulberries. GOUR 12 km south of Malda lies an important historical site from the 14th and 15th century, containing valuable archeological relics such as the Bara Sona Mosque, Dakhil Darwaja, Qadam Rasul Mosque and ruins of a fort. Visitors can also see colourful enamelled tiles on the Gomti Gate and Firoz Minar. Malda is easily accessible via rail and road and is located on National Highway 34, 347 km north of Kolkata and 256 km south of Siliguri. GUMTI DARWAZA Standing to the north east of the Chika Mosque, the Gumti Darwaza was built in 1512 by Allauddin Hussein Shah. Made of brick and terracotta, the once brilliant colours woven into the artwork are still partly visible. It is said that real gold was used in the decorations. 73

74 West Bengal My El Dorado DAKHIL DARWAJA Dakhil Darwaza, an impressive gateway built in 1425 A.D., is an important Muslim monument. Salutes fired from it also gave it the name of Salami Darwaza. Made of small red bricks and terracotta work, this dominating structure is more than 21 m. high and 34.5 m. wide. Its four corners are topped with five- storey high towers. Once the main gateway to a fort, it opens through the embankments surrounding it. In the south-east corner of the fort, a 20-m. a high wall encloses the ruins of an old palace. FIROZ MINAR The Feroze Minar, also known as the “Blue Tower,” is a five-storied tower located a kilometre away from the Dakhil Darwaza. Built by Sultan Saifuddin Feroze Shah in 1485-89, it resembles the Qutub Minar and stands 26 metres high and 19 metres in circumference. The Tughlaqi style architecture features intricate terracotta carvings. The tower has a spiral staircase with 73 steps, and was likely built by Saifuddin Firoz, an Abyssinian commander who became Sultan. Scholars consider it a Bengali version of the Qutb Minar, and it is believed to have been built as a victory tower. JAGJIBANPUR Jagjibanpur, located 30 km from Malda, is home to the ruins of a 9th century Buddhist Monastery. The site includes copper plates with inscriptions in Siddhamartika script, as well as five mounds, such as Tula Bhita and Akhari Danga. Public transportation options include cycle rickshaws, auto-rickshaws, and local buses. No metered vehicular transport is available, but six-seat city autos/shuttles can be found in Malda at a fixed rate. 74

West Bengal My El Dorado 75 LUKO CHURI GATE The Lakhchhipi Darwaza or Lukochuri Gate is located to the south-east of the Kadam Rasool Mosque. Shah Shuja is said to have built it in 1655 in the Mughal architectural style. The name originated from the royal game of hide-and-seek that the Sultan used to play with his begums. According to another school of historians, it was built by Allauddin Hussein Shah in 1522. This double-storeyed Darwaza functionally acted as the main gateway to the palace. BIRBHUM “The land of the red soil” (Lalbhumi) is also “the land of the brave”. Several brave kings have dominated Birbhum since the beginning. Remnants of civilizations add profound historical importance to the place. The district headquarters is Suri. Bolpur- Shantiniketan, Nanor, Joydev-Kenduli, Bakreswar and Nalhati are the principal sites of attraction here. The Visva Bharati University at Shantiniketan, established by Rabindranath Tagore, is one of the internationally renowned places. Many festivals are celebrated in this culturally rich district - Poush Mela, Basanta Utsav, Kenduli Mela etc. Tarapith and Bakreswar are other famous places of attractions. VISVA BHARATI Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore founded Visva-Bharati University in 1901, starting with a school called Brahmachari Ashram modelled on the ancient Gurukul system. The school, known as Patha Bhavan, was based on the idea that learning in a natural environment would be more effective. Tagore aimed to create a centre of learning that incorporated the best of both Eastern and Western education. After receiving the Nobel Prize in 1913, the school was expanded into a university and named Visva-Bharati. Today, it attracts thousands of visitors each year. 75

76 West Bengal My El Dorado OUR RIVER TOURISM West Bengal is a state that is known for its rich cultural heritage and its diverse natural beauty. The state is located in the eastern part of India and is surrounded by several hills, forests, and beaches. One of the most unique and prominent features of the state is its numerous rivers, which run through it and provide an ideal environment for tourism. River tourism in West Bengal has become a popular tourist destination in recent years, attracting millions of visitors from around the world The rivers in West Bengal offer a unique blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage. The scenic beauty of the rivers provides a perfect backdrop for boating, fishing, and other water sports activities. The banks of the rivers are also ideal places to visit, as they are surrounded by lush green forests and rolling hills. Additionally, the rivers in West Bengal have an important cultural significance as well, with several historical and religious sites located along their banks 76

West Bengal My El Dorado 77 West Bengal’s rivers are also a source of livelihood In this chapter, we will explore the various aspects for many people living in the state. Fishing, boat of river tourism in West Bengal. We will look at the building, and other water-based industries have different rivers in the state, their cultural and historical been a part of the state’s economy for centuries. significance, and the various tourist attractions and River tourism in West Bengal not only provides a activities that are available along their banks. We source of income for local people, but it also helps will also examine the challenges faced by the state to preserve the state’s cultural heritage and its unique in promoting river tourism and the measures that environment. The state’s government has been have been taken to overcome these challenges. The working hard to promote river tourism, and it has chapter will provide a comprehensive overview of made significant investments in the development of the river tourism industry in West Bengal, and it new tourist facilities and attractions along the banks will be of great interest to those who are interested of the rivers. in the state’s cultural heritage, natural beauty, and sustainable tourism. Notable Cruises (excluding weekends and holidays). To book, a MV SUMANGAL minimum of 60 percent of the total amount must be The West Bengal Tourism Development Corporation paid, with full payment due seven days prior to the Limited offers a unique river cruise experience on event. Three package options are also available for M.V. Sumangal, a double-decker with a capacity of a scenic journey along the Ganges, visiting colonial 80 guests. Ideal for small gatherings such as parties settlements and landmarks such as Dakshineswar and meetings, the vessel is available for chartering and Belur. at just Rs 5,000 per hour. The boat has an AC deck PRIVATE CRUISE and kitchen facilities, with a discount of 15 percent There are several private river cruises as well. 77

78 West Bengal My El Dorado HOMESTAYS OF BENGAL West Bengal is a state rich in culture and history, attracting millions of tourists every year. One of the most unique and popular ways to experience the authentic charm of this state is through homestays. A homestay is a type of accommodation where tourists stay with local families, giving them an opportunity to immerse themselves in the local way of life. 78

West Bengal My El Dorado 79 The concept of homestays has been growing in activities, and comfortable rooms. Visitors can popularity in recent years, as more and more travellers choose homestays based on their preferences and are seeking unique and authentic experiences. interests, whether they want to experience the rural Homestays provide a personalised experience, lifestyle or stay in a more urban setting. where visitors can learn about the culture and In this chapter, we will delve into the world of traditions of the local community and interact with homestays in West Bengal and explore the different the locals in a more meaningful way. In West Bengal, aspects of this unique accommodation option. homestays are becoming increasingly popular From the history and evolution of homestays to due to the state’s diverse cultural heritage and the different types of homestays available, we will friendly people. provide a comprehensive overview of this exciting The homestays in West Bengal are diverse in and authentic way to experience West Bengal. nature, ranging from traditional Bengali homes to Whether you are a first-time traveller or a seasoned modern, eco-friendly homes. They offer a variety of adventurer, this chapter will provide valuable insights amenities, including home-cooked meals, traditional into the world of homestays in West Bengal. 79

80 West Bengal My El Dorado RAJBARIS OF BENGAL The state of West Bengal is one of the most culturally rich and diverse destinations in India, and its vibrant heritage can be seen in its many palaces, temples, and historic sites. One of the lesser- known but equally fascinating attractions in the region are the Rajbaris, or royal palaces, which have played a significant role in the state’s history and cultural development. These magnificent structures, often tucked away in quiet rural areas, offer visitors a glimpse into the rich history and architectural beauty of Bengal’s royalty. 80

West Bengal My El Dorado 81 The Rajbaris of Bengal date back to the 19th and beautiful structures for future generations to enjoy. early 20th centuries, and were built by the local With their efforts, these once-forgotten palaces are rulers and landlords as symbols of their wealth and slowly coming back to life, and visitors can once power. These grand palaces are characterised by again experience the grandeur and beauty of Bengal’s their elaborate facades, intricate carvings, and lush royal past. gardens, and each has its own unique story to tell. In this chapter, we will delve into the rich history of Whether you’re interested in history, architecture, or the Rajbaris of Bengal, exploring their architectural just looking for a peaceful escape, the Rajbaris of styles and cultural significance. From the famous Bengal are definitely worth exploring. Rajbaris of Cooch Behar to the lesser-known but Despite their historical significance and beauty, equally stunning palaces of Bishnupur, we will take however, many of these palaces have fallen into you on a tour of the most magnificent Rajbaris in disrepair over the years and are in dire need of the region. Whether you’re a seasoned traveller or preservation. This is where the efforts of local a first-time visitor to West Bengal, this chapter will organisations and communities come into play, provide you with all the information you need to working tirelessly to restore and maintain these appreciate and explore these fascinating attractions. 81

82 West Bengal My El Dorado Notable Destinations: MAHISHADAL RAJBARI SERAMPORE RAJBARI Mahishadal Rajbari, also known as Phool Bagh, is Serampore Rajbari is an opulent mansion built a popular palace located less than three hours from between 1815 and 1820 by Raghuram Goswami, Kolkata. The Garg family, who became rulers after son of Harinarayan Goswami. The grand building the Upadhyay family’s lineage ended, turned it into has two independent blocks linked by a labyrinth a museum in 2012. The palace attracts locals and of corridors. The most prominent feature is tourists with its tranquil atmosphere and religious the 120-foot-by-30-foot covered courtyard, the festivals, such as Durga Puja and Jagannath Rath “Chandni,” used for the annual Durga Puja Yatra. The dining hall features a fresco panel celebration and attracting many visitors. depicting the stories of Shakuntala, and other notable attractions include Lal Kothi, Madangopal BAWALI RAJBARI Temple, and DadhiBaman temple. The Bawali Rajbari is a 250-year-old architectural ITACHUNA RAJBARI masterpiece located in Nodakhali, South 24 Parganas. The Itachuna Rajbari, also known as the Bargi Danga, It has a rich history of grand parties and lavish is a 200-year-old palace located about two and a half lifestyles, but after the independence, the palace fell hours from Kolkata. Built by the Kundu family, it into disrepair. Today, it has been transformed into a has been converted into a historic destination and luxury heritage resort near Kolkata, offering vintage palatial homestay. It features five courtyards, ancient ambiance and opulence. Visitors can enjoy premium caskets, elegant woodwork decor, and framed texts comforts, royal services, and an enticing piano room. from the past. The palace hosts events such as Sandhya arati and traditional rural music programs, making it a perfect location for an elegant wedding or pre-wedding shoot. Visitors can also enjoy delicacies prepared by a cook whose family has served the royal family for decades. 82

West Bengal My El Dorado 83 KALNA RAJBARI Kalna Rajbari Complex is a historic landmark in West Bengal. The 18th century terracotta temples were built by the Maharajas of Bardhaman. The complex includes various temples such as Pratapeshwar, Ras Mancha, Pancharatna, Lalji, Vijay Vidyanath, and Krishna Chamdraji. These temples showcase stunning architecture and intricate terracotta designs depicting Hindu mythology and past events. The complex also features well-maintained gardens and lawns, making it a popular tourist spot. COSSIMBAZAR RAJBARI KASHIPUR RAJBARI Cossimbazar Rajbari is a grand palace located The Kashipur Rajbari is a renowned heritage in Murshidabad, blending Indian and European palace in Purulia, built in 1916. It has housed the architecture. Founded by the Roys in 1700, it features Royal family of Panchakot and features an ancient a colonnaded facade, guest rooms, and a walk- Durga Temple, numerous antiquities, and a melting through museum. The best time to visit is during pot of rich legacies, classical music, and poetry. Durga Puja when the family holds yearly rituals in the Festivals such as Ras Utsav, Dol, and Durga Puja open courtyard, “Chandi Mandap.” The palace also are celebrated grandly here and the palace boasts offers luxurious bedrooms, dining halls, paintings, a huge chandelier and special exhibits of Belgian- chandeliers, and Victorian-era furniture for a lavish painted glass, stone statues, and weapons used by stay or wedding festivities. Visitors can also explore the Kings. It’s a popular destination for pre-wedding historical attractions such as Nagalingam, The photography and has been featured in movies such SabhaGhar, the Malkhana, and Clock Tower. as Lootera, Piku, and Bulbul. JHARGRAM RAJBARI Jhargram Palace is a tourist spot that combines culture, tradition, heritage, and beauty. Located in Jhargram, Purba Midnapore, the palace combines Islamic and Italian architectural styles. Built in 1922 CE by Raja Narasingha Malla Dev Bahadur, it is currently occupied by the Royal family of Malla Dev who have transformed part of the palace into a Heritage Hotel. Visitors can also visit nearby temples dedicated to Lokeswar, Lord Bishnu, four- faced shiva, and Manasa Devi. 83

84 West Bengal My El Dorado The Indian state of West Bengal is well known for its diverse wildlife and natural beauty. With over 80 species of mammals and over 450 species of birds, the state is a popular destination for nature enthusiasts and wildlife enthusiasts alike. The lush forests, rolling hills, and vast wetlands of West Bengal provide a perfect habitat for a wide range of species, from WILDLIFE OF tigers and elephants to rare and endemic birds. In this chapter, we will take a closer look at the BENGAL wildlife of West Bengal and explore the many species that call this region home. 84

West Bengal My El Dorado 85 From the dense jungles of the Sundarbans, home the state has something for every bird enthusiast. to the Bengal tiger, to the high altitudes of the The wetlands of the state, particularly the Kolkata Darjeeling Hills, where the Himalayan black bear mangroves, are home to numerous migratory birds roams free, West Bengal has a wealth of wildlife during the winter months. In addition, the Darjeeling to discover. The state is also home to several Hills are a popular destination for bird-watching, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, including with a variety of high altitude species to be found. the Gorumara National Park, which is known for In conclusion, the wildlife of West Bengal is truly its elephant population, and the Buxa Tiger Reserve, a hidden treasure waiting to be explored. With its which is famous for its tigers. In addition, the state’s diverse habitats and rich biodiversity, the state is a wetlands are home to a vast array of migratory birds, must-visit destination for anyone interested in nature including the famous Siberian cranes. and wildlife. Whether you are a seasoned wildlife West Bengal is not just famous for its big mammals, enthusiast or simply looking for a chance to escape but also for its rich birdlife. With over 450 species the hustle and bustle of city life, West Bengal is sure of birds, the state is a bird-watcher’s paradise. From to leave a lasting impression. So pack your bags and the brightly coloured sunbirds and orioles to the get ready to explore the rich and vibrant wildlife of rare and endangered species like the Bengal florican, this Indian gem. 85

86 West Bengal My El Dorado Notable Destinations SUNDARBAN The Sundarbans is a tiger reserve and estuarine mangrove forest, home to a variety of wildlife including the Royal Bengal Tiger, Barking Deer, Monkeys, Civet Cats, and aquatic species like Olive Ridley Turtles and Gangetic Dolphins. Accessible only by waterways, the nearest station is Port Canning, where organised group trips begin. Another route is through Basanti, connected by bus service to Kolkata. For an unusual vacation destination, visit the Sundarbans. BHAGABATPUR CROCODILE SANCTUARY BURIRDABRI WATCHTOWER The Bhagabatpur Crocodile Project in the This watch Tower in the Burirdabri camp is famous Sundarban has, of late, emerged as an important for its watchtower, a mud walk and mangrove cage tourist destination of the Sundarbans. This is the trail leading to a viewpoint known as Raimongal only crocodile project in West Bengal and is located View Point. The ground fauna consisting of snails, adjacent to the Lothian Island and on the bank of varieties of crabs and mollusks can be observed the Saptamukhi Estuary. closely during the mud walk. The layout of this The dense mangrove forest at the confluence of watchtower is very beautiful with one walking over Saptamukhi river system has immense natural beauty wooden bridges and then through the mud cage to attract tourists all throughout the year. This and finally culminating to a wooden watch tower hatchery of estuarine crocodile and Batagur Baska overlooking Bangladesh with the river Raimongal species of tortoise in the project has crocodiles of forming the international boundary between India varying ages.Though this place is easily accessible and Bangladesh. One can see the Bangladesh through Namkhana, one can also visit it from Sundarbans from this watchtower. This watchtower Sajnekhali. has a capacity to host 10 persons at a time. 86

West Bengal My El Dorado 87 LOTHIAN ISLAND WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuaries is one of the wildlife sanctuary of Sunderban. Lothian Island was declared as a Wildlife Sanctuary in June, 1976. The sanctuary is rich with Estuarine Crocodile, Olive Ridley Sea Turtle, Spotted Deer, Jungle feline, Rhesus macaque. The sanctuary is located at the section of Saptamukhi and Bay of Bengal. The vegetation of this area is flourished with 15 types of Mangrove plants. The wildlife here includes Estuarine Crocodile, Olive Ridley Sea Turtle, Spotted Deer, Jungle feline, Rhesus macaque. This sanctuary is accumulated with different types of Birds which include Black-Capped Kingfisher, Curlew, White- Bellied Sea-Eagle, Tern and Whimbrel. SAJNEKHALI WATCH TOWER Sajnekhali Watch Tower is counted among the most renowned watch towers in the park. The reason behind its popularity is its close proximity to a number of resorts in the Sundarban area. This place also serves as the head office of the forest department. A tourist can obtain the permission to enter the national park from this spot only. The watch tower can accommodate 20 people at a time. The major attractions in this region are Bono Bini Temple, Mangrove Interpretation Centre and the tourist lodge of the Bengal Tourism Department. This watch tower makes exploring the wilderness fun and easy. The bird lovers get a special spectacle of avifauna species such as Pelican, Kingfishers, Plovers, Lap Wings, White Bellied Sea Eagle, Whimbrel, Curfews, and Sandpipers. JAMBUDEEP ISLAND Jambudwip is the name of an isolated island situated in the Bay of Bengal about 8 km to the southwest of Frazerganj/Bakkhali in the South 24 Parganas district. It remains uninhabited except in the fishing season, i.e. between the months of October and February. In the past, fishermen came from the Chittagong and Noakhali areas of Bangladesh for fishing. They developed special aptitude and traditional skills for marine fishing. The main reasons for using Jambudwip were the island’s proximity to the fishing grounds, the presence of a natural creek for safe harbouring of their boats, and supply of drinking water. 87

88 West Bengal My El Dorado KALASH DEEP Kalash Island, in South 24 Parganas, is a part of the Sundarbans National Park that lies at the estuary of the River Matla. Being outside the core area of Sundarbans, visitors with armed guards are permitted to get down on the beach.During winters, it is the breeding ground of the Olive Ridley Turtles that arrive in great numbers on this beach for nesting. Kalash Island is also the home to many varieties of coastal birds and is specially a good place to spot uncommon waders. The Great Stone-curlew or Great Thick-knee (Esacus recurvirostris) is sighted on the beach. SUNDARBAN TIGER RESERVE Sundarban Tiger Reserve was created in 1973, and constituted as a Reserve Forest in 1978. The current core area was established as a National Park in 1984. Recognising the region and its unique biodiversity, the National Park was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1985. The entire Sundarban area was declared a Biosphere Reserve four years later. Tiger, fishing cat, spotted Deer, wild boar, gangetic dolphin, water monitor, estuarine crocodile, river terrapin, olive ridley turtle, ground turtle, hawksbill turtle, king crab, etc. DOOARS The Dooars, also known as Duars, are the foothills of the eastern Himalayas in North-East India, surrounding Bhutan. The region is known as the “door” to Bhutan and is divided by the Sankosh River into Eastern and Western Dooars. The economy of Dooars is based on tea, tourism, and timber industries. The area also attracts tourists with its national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Additionally, the Dooars region is an important hub for the export-import industry, with towns such as Jaigaon, Siliguri, and Phuentsholing playing a significant role. 88

West Bengal My El Dorado 89 CHUKCHUKI BIRD-WATCHING POINT CHAPRAMARI FOREST This paradise is situated on the extreme border Chapramari is a forest in North Bengal’s Dooars of the Gorumara National Park. Chukchuki area, connected to the Gorumara forest separated Watchtower is the perfect vantage point for by the Murti river. It is a wildlife sanctuary, while viewing and photographing the hundreds of birds Gorumara is a National Park. Tourists often visit both that Gorumara National Park is known for. The for wildlife sightings and safari tours. The forest is Chukchuki Watchtower is best to watch the birds of known for its diverse avifauna, elephant population, the park. This spot of the Park provides clear views and other mammals like gaur and leopard. The area of the myriad birds that are native to the Gorumara near the Murti River is also a popular picnic spot National Park which is why the Forest Department with a beautiful view of the Kanchenjunga and set up the Chukchuki Birding Tower here. There other peaks. are many migratory birds who often visit seasonally. Sitting of the Indian national bird Peacock is very common from here. CHILAPATA FOREST Chilapata Forest is a dense forest located near Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary in West Bengal. It is used as a corridor by elephants to migrate between Jaldapara and the Buxa Tiger Reserve, and ultimately to Bhutan. The forest is rich in wildlife and various types of flora and fauna, and offers activities such as angling, birding, and safari. An eco-tourism centre has been created to provide a source of income for the indigenous Rabha tribe. The West Bengal Forest Development Corporation runs an eco-tourism resort at Kodal Basti, offering basic accommodation and attractions such as the ruined “Nalraja Garh ‘’ or fort of the Nal kings. Other activities include Tonga rides, boating on the Bania River, and angling on the confluence of the Kalchini, Bania and Buri Basra. 89

90 West Bengal My El Dorado KHAYERBARI Khayerbari, located 10 km from Madarihat, is a popular tiger and leopard rescue centre. The centre, known as South Khayerbari Nature Park, is 15 km from Jaldapara and offers visitors the opportunity to see these animals in their natural environment. The park also features battery operated car safaris and boating on the River Buri Torsa. To reach Khayerbari, the nearest airport is Bagdogra (160km) and the nearest rail station is Alipurduar Junction. It can also be reached by road from Siliguri via NH31. JALDAPARA Jaldapara Sanctuary, located in a rainforest area, covers 216 sq km and is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna, including the endangered one-horned rhinoceros. The sanctuary, declared in 1941, features a mix of woods, grasslands, streams, sandy river banks, and tall grass. The Torsha and Malangi rivers flow through the area, providing habitat for various mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. JALDAPARA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Jaldapara is a rain forest sanctuary in the eastern Himalayas, home to a luxuriant vegetation and diverse wildlife. The Torsha and Malangi rivers flow through the area, and the only way to explore the savannah terrain is by elephant or 4x4 safari. Visitors can spot the high population of Asiatic one-horned rhinoceros, as well as tigers, elephants, deer, and other animals. Birdwatchers will enjoy sightings of the Bengal florican and other species such as the crested eagle and Pallas’s fishing eagle. The sanctuary also offers python, monitor lizard, and freshwater turtle sightings. Elephant and jeep safaris are offered for visitors to fully experience the beauty of the sanctuary. 90

West Bengal My El Dorado 91 GORUMARA CHALSA Gorumara National Park, located in North Bengal Chalsa is a small town situated just on the foot of near the Eastern Himalayas, is known for its mixed the Himalayas in the Dooars in Jalpaiguri district in forest and grassland habitats and large population West Bengal. This small town is surrounded by hills, of one-horned Indian rhinos. The park was declared tea gardens, rivers and forests. One part of the town a reserve forest in 1895 and later upgraded to a is surrounded by Gorumara National Park and the wildlife sanctuary and national park in 1949 and 1994 other part with Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary. respectively. In 2009, the Ministry of Environment GORUMARA NATIONAL PARK and Forest named it the best protected area in India. Gorumara National Park is located in Northern With an area of 80 sq km and increasing tourist Bengal, India, in the Terai region of the Himalayan infrastructure, the park is a popular destination for foothills. It’s situated on the bank of the Murti jungle safaris and accommodation in the Dooars River and home to a variety of flora and fauna, region. including the Great Indian One-Horned Rhino. The park was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1949 and later established as a National Park in 1992. It’s a birdwatcher’s paradise with over 200 species of birds, including migratory birds in the winter. The best time to visit is November to April, as the park is closed from mid-June to mid-September. GORUMARA SAFARI While in Gorumara, tourists go inside the forests for jungle safari. Sighting of wildlife is quite common. Elephants, Rhinos, Indian Bison (Gaur), Peacock, Deer are the most common sightings. The forest safari is organised in special vehicles meant for the purpose. You must book your forest safari from the forest department and take an authorised guide along while visiting the watchtowers. Trespassing is illegal and can be dangerous as well. 91

92 West Bengal My El Dorado CHANDRACHUR WATCH TOWER It is situated near the Murti forest bungalow. Chandrachur Watch Tower offers the best views of wild-lands and untamed beauty of certain typical wild sections of the Gorumara National Park comprising forest-trees, shrubs, grasslands carved by rivers and rivulets. JATRAPRASAD WATCH TOWER The “Jatra Prasad” Watch Tower, also known as the “Gorumara Watchtower,” was built to honour the beloved pet elephant of the Forest Department, Jatraprasad. The tower offers excellent views of the wilderness, wildlife, and streams in the Gorumara National Park and is a popular destination for tourists. It is the oldest and most popular watch tower in the park, offering not only the chance to see wildlife, but also the beautiful landscapes of the park. MEDLA WATCH TOWER Medla Watch Tower is located at Kalipur eco village near Ramsai on the eastern fringe of Gorumara National Park. There are unique Bullock cart driven forest safari available here. Murti, Samsing, Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary, Jaldhaka, Jhalong, Bindu, Paren, Caron, Diana, Jaldapara and even Bhutan can be travelled around Gorumara National park. GAJOLDOBA BHORER ALO Gajoldoba’s Bhorer Alo is a tranquil getaway with a lush green landscape. Take a stroll on winding cobbled paths with a flock of geese, or explore nearby forests and hill-stations. The area, over 200 acres, is being developed by the Tourism department and is expected to become a high-end tourist destination in North Bengal. Enjoy the stunning views of the Teesta river and Mount Kanchenjunga at dawn. Only 15km away from Siliguri town, it’s a must-see for nature lovers. 92

West Bengal My El Dorado 93 BUXA TIGER RESERVE Buxa National Park is located in the northeastern corner of West Bengal, bordering Bhutan and Assam. It was established in 1982-83 and declared a National Park in 1992. The park covers 759 sq km and is known for its diverse landscape, including the Terai-Bhabar and hills. It serves as an international corridor for elephant migration between India and Bhutan, and is home to a variety of animals and plant life, including rare orchids and medicinal plants. The nearest railway station is Alipurduar Junction or New Alipur, and the nearest airport is Bagdogra Airport SANCTUARIES West Bengal’s forests offer a diverse range of natural resources, from the northern Himalayas to the southern Sunderban. They cover 1532% of the state and offer a cross-section of India’s forest types, with striking differences in vegetation and wildlife. The fresh air rejuvenates tired city lungs and the ancient forest’s deep thrum is a unique experience. These forests are a must-see for nature lovers. SINGALILA NATIONAL PARK Singalila National Park is located on the Singalila ridge in Darjeeling district and borders Sikkim and Nepal. It spans 78.60 sq kms and is at a height of 1,200 m above sea level. The park is home to the two highest peaks in West Bengal, Sandakphu and Phalut, and is a popular trekking destination. The park is covered in thick bamboo, oak, silver fir, and rhododendron forests, and is known for its wild flowers and 120 recorded bird species. It also houses small mammals such as the red panda and larger mammals like the Himalayan Hack bear and leopard. The park is also known for the endangered Himalayan new congregating around the lakes inside and near the park during breeding season. 93

94 West Bengal My El Dorado JORPOKHRI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY The Himalayan newt or salamander, once thought to be extinct, was found near a small lake at Jorpokhri, 28 kms from Darjeeling town, in 1964. It is- called ‘goro’ by the local people. The sanctuary has gained prominence for its scenic beauty and is a popular picnic spot. The INBFD Rest House at Lepchajagat, is just 4 kills away. DGHC also has a comfortable tourist lodge in Sukhia Pokhari, 2 kms from the sand-Miry. SENCHAL WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Established in 1915, Senchal is one of the oldest game sanctuaries in the country. Located 11 kms from Darjeeling, it covers 38.88 sq kms and is home to a variety of trees and ferns, as well as barking deer, wild pigs, and coral and sorrow. The sanctuary also features a diverse avifauna and the famous Tiger Hill, known for its sunrise views over the Himalayas. Tourist lodges and a Forest Rest House are available for visitors. MAHANANDA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Darjeeling district, was established in 1955 as a game park and gained sanctuary status in 1959. The sanctuary boasts over 158 kms of diverse forests, including riverine and dense mixed wet forests in the Latpanchar area, the highest point in the sanctuary at 1,219 m above sea level. The sanctuary is home to a variety of mammals, birds, and reptiles, including tigers, elephants, Indian bison, and the endangered fairy bluebird and Himalayan pied hornbill. Visitors can observe wildlife at dawn and dusk from the railway cabin at the abandoned Gulma station or from the WBFDC Nature Education and Wilderness Resort on the banks of the Teesta. The Coronation Bridge, spanning the Teesta, is also a major attraction. RAIGANJ WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary, also known as Kulik Bird Sanctuary, was notified in 1985, It is 4 kms from Raiganj town. National highway 34 runs next to the sanctuary, making connectivity easy. The sanctuary is a bird watchers’ paradise. Migratory birds such as open-billed storks, egrets, night herons and cormorants crowd the sanctuary from June onwards. 94

West Bengal My El Dorado 95 MURTI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Murti Wildlife Sanctuary’s name is derived from the River Murti, which flows down from Kalingpong. It is located on the bank of the River Murti closer to Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary and Gorumara National Park. ADINA DEER PARK Adina Deer Park, established in 1982, is a mini zoo located in Maldah, West Bengal with an area of 9.99 Ha. It aims to conserve and educate visitors on plants and animals, as well as provide transit shelter for injured animals and birds. The park currently houses 90 spotted deer and 8 Nilgai and is 350 km from Kolkata. It’s open daily except for weekly holidays and is a popular destination with over 72,000 yearly visitors. The best time to visit is in the winter to see migratory birds. The park is home to a variety of flora and fauna, including Deers, Cheetals, and various bird species. GARH PANCHAKOT Garh Panchakot, near Panchet Dam on river Damodar in Purulia district, is less than an hour’s drive from Asansol (222 kms from Kolkata). A testimony to reforestation efforts, the thickly forested hill here resonates with the buzz of its resident insects and birds, The Damodar is in its full glory during the monsoons and the winters are good for bird watching. There is an old derelict fort on the hill rumoured to have belonged to a king, who fled when the Portuguese attacked the region in the 17th century, and runs a sprawling tourist bungalow. DUARSINI The sal, segun, piyal and palash forests of Duarsini, around 13 kms from Bandwan town in Purulia district, are ideal for nature lovers. These forests are also a part of the Bandwan range, an extension of the adjoining Dalma range in Jharkhand. WBFDC runs a well- provided tourist lodge and an eco-tourism centre here which has 3 comfortable cottages. BETHUADAHARI Located 22 kms north at Krishna nagar, on NH 34, the Sanctuary has a population of chital, jackal, gharial, porcupine, jungle cat and common langur. Birds are also found in abundance here. There are two popular nature trails within the Park. 95

96 West Bengal My El Dorado HIMALAYAS AND DOOARS : AT A GLANCE North Bengal, located in the northern part of the Indian state of West Bengal, is a popular destination for tourists seeking a mix of natural beauty, rich culture and history. The region is known for its diverse landscapes, including the Darjeeling Hills, the Terai and Dooars regions, and the Brahmaputra and Teesta river valleys. These areas offer breathtaking scenery, abundant wildlife, and unique cultural experiences that make North Bengal a must-visit destination. 96

West Bengal My El Dorado 97 Tourism in North Bengal is not just limited to experience. The Darjeeling Hills, for example, are a natural attractions, but also encompasses a rich popular spot for trekkers, with its well-known trails, cultural heritage that has been influenced by various stunning views of the Himalayas, and tea gardens. civilizations and dynasties throughout history. From The Dooars and Terai regions, on the other hand, the colonial charm of Darjeeling and Kalimpong, are known for their lush forests, diverse wildlife, and to the ancient temples and palaces of the kingdoms pristine rivers, making them a popular destination of Cooch Behar and Sikkim, North Bengal offers a for eco-tourists. wealth of history and cultural diversity. The region is Overall, North Bengal is a destination that offers a also known for its vibrant festivals, traditional crafts, truly unique and unforgettable experience for tourists and authentic cuisine, which adds to the richness of seeking a mix of natural beauty, rich culture, and the tourist experience. adventure. Whether you are looking for a peaceful The natural beauty of North Bengal, combined getaway, a cultural exploration, or an adrenaline- with its cultural and historical heritage, makes it an filled adventure, North Bengal has something to ideal destination for adventure and eco-tourism. offer everyone. From its charming hill stations to The region offers a wide range of activities, such as its lush forests, North Bengal promises to leave a trekking, rafting, wildlife safaris, and bird watching, lasting impression on visitors, making it a must-visit for those seeking an immersive and authentic destination in West Bengal. 97

98 West Bengal My El Dorado Notable destinations DARJEELING Darjeeling is one of the world’s most breathtaking hill resorts. Flaming crimson rhododendrons, shimmering white magnolias, miles of undulating slopes covered in emerald green tea plants, exotic silver fir woods - all beneath a blanket of magnificent azure sky flecked with cloud dots. Darjeeling now attracts many for a quiet reprieve from the madding crush. Darjeeling’s status as the QUEEN OF HILL STATIONS is backed up by the crest of Kanchenjunga sparkling in the early dawn light. TIGER HILL This location, located at an elevation of 2590 metres and 13 kilometres from town, has gained international recognition for the stunning dawn vista over “Kanchenjunga” and the vast Eastern Himalayan Mountains. Mount Everest, the world’s tallest mountain, may also be seen from here. BATASIA LOOP The Railway Loop is an engineering marvel, located 5 kilometres from Darjeeling. It’s exciting to watch the toy train go round and round the circle. The village and a magnificent view of the snowy mountain can be observed from here. The Darjeeling War Memorial was built in commemoration of the gallant boys of Darjeeling who perished in various conflicts since 1947. DARJEELING HIMALAYAN RAILWAY One of the region’s greatest attractions is the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR), sometimes known as the “Toy Train.” The train operates on a track that is just 600 millimetres wide. The train’s size is appropriate, hence the moniker “Toy Train.” In regions of India, narrow gauge railways are used to go to hill stations. The most wonderful train excursions over the narrow gauge are the breathtaking scenery. The DHR has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 98

West Bengal My El Dorado 99 SHANTI STUPA GHOOM The Japanese Peace Pagoda is situated on the Ghoom is a tiny mountainous village in West Jalapahar Hill slopes. Nipponzan Myohoji, a Bengal’s Darjeeling Himalayan hill area. It is located Japanese Buddhist order, built the Shanti Stupa. It at an elevation of 2,258 metres (7,407 ft). The depicts the Buddha’s four avatars and is placed at a Ghoom Monastery and the Batasia Loop are located large elevation with excellent views of the environs here. Ghoom railway station is India’s highest railway and Mount Kanchenjunga visible from here. Mount station. Kanchenjunga, one of the greatest sites to visit in Darjeeling, can be seen from here. HORSE RIDING AT MIRIK (OVER THE FOOTBRIDGE) Horseback riding is another popular sport here, especially among youngsters. When you cross the arched footbridge, you’ll usually see horses on the western bank. Although horses are frequently seen going along the footbridge. They have established circuits. Some are shorter and some are longer around the lake. BOKAR NGEDON CHOKHOR LING MONASTERY The Bokar Ngedon Chokhor Ling Monastery is a well-known Buddhist centre in the area. Kyabje Bokar Rinpoche founded the monastery as a retreat centre in 1984. The monastery is home to around 500 monks who participate in the practice and preservation of Shakyamuni Buddha’s teachings. When tourists gaze down from the monastery, they may imagine how beautiful the view of the lake and its surroundings would be. 99

100 West Bengal My El Dorado VILLAGE WALK KALIMPONG The visual splendour here is unrivalled, with an Kalimpong is a tranquil small town located 50 experience of authentic village life complete with kilometres east of Darjeeling at an elevation broad fields, bamboo groves, bridges, green hills, of 1,200 metres. It was originally the centre of and people’s cottages. At the nurseries in this area, trans-Himalayan trade between India and Tibet. you may buy or observe a wide variety of flowers, Kalimpong Arts and Craft Center for handmade climbers, cacti, and plants. items; Tharpa Choling Monastery, the storehouse of DHARMODAYA VIHAR old scriptures and papers; and Zong Dog Palri Fo Dharmodaya Vihar is a Nepalese Buddhist temple Brang Monastery in Durpin Danda are also worth located just beyond Sarnath’s municipal limits. The a visit. foundation of the Vihar (temple) was laid down in 1952, and it was built in the manner of Kathmandu’s Sayambhu Stupa, but on a much smaller scale. A lovely marble statue of Lord Buddha was also erected here as a gift from Burmese monks. In 1949, a library with rare volumes on Buddhism and other subjects was built for the benefit of locals as well as Bhikkhus and intellectuals. DEOLO HILL Deolo Hill, with an elevation of around 5,500 feet, is Kalimpong’s highest point. This is the main draw in East Kalimpong. The tourist administration has constructed an 8-acre lush parkland with manicured flower gardens and many viewpoints with stunning views of Kanchenjunga, Durpin Hill, Kalimpong Township, and the valley with rivers running through it. There is a GTA (formerly DGHC) lodge and a multi-cuisine restaurant here. Pony rides are also available for children. Overall, a fantastic location for a picnic or simply relaxing. 100