Timstar International Catalogue 2018-19

Energy PHYSICS Calorimeters continued Calorimeter Blocks Expanded Polystyrene Cups For experiments on specific heat capacity, cylindrical with a 13 mm diameter central hole Conical shape. Complete with lid. Suitable for to accept immersion heater and off-set hole for use as a simple calorimeter. Supplied in a pack thermometer. Mass of each block approx. 1kg. of 50. BEST SELLER Type Height Diameter HE18710 Aluminium alloy 80 mm 77 mm £24.30 ea HE18712 46 mm £35.85 ea Capacity Height Diameter HE18714 Brass 85 mm 46 mm £42.28 ea 200 mL 82 mm HE18716 46 mm £12.65 ea CU05395 75 mm ✓ £3.50 pk Copper 80 mm Steel 90 mm Insulated Foam Cup Immersion Heater Manufactured from insulated foam, these 200€mL Suitable for calorimeter blocks. A 50W fully sheathed 12V 5A AC or DC heater cups allow hot liquids to be carried safely. Also useful with 4mm sockets. Dimensions (Dia. x L): 12.5 x 100mm. as insulated calorimeters for thermal experiments. Lids not included. Quantity £2.03 pk HE18720 £30.71 ea CU150002 50 £5.51 pk Food Calorimeter Plastic Cups The food calorimeter offers a superior method of measuring the energy in Conical shape. Suitable for use as a simple, low foodstuff, compared to burning it under a boiling tube of water. The enclosed thermal calorimeter. Supplied in a pack of 100. vessel and copper tube ensure that more of the food’s energy is used to heat up the water, and less heat is lost to the environment, increasing the accuracy CU05396 Capacity Height Diameter of the experiment. 200 mL 80 mm 70 mm The unit comprises a glass jacket with a bell jar inside. A spiral copper tube draws air through the bell jar, in which food is burning, transferring more of the Immersion Heater - Cup Top heat to the water. The lid has holes for a thermometer and stirrer. The base unit has clips to hold the calorimeter unit securely, a crucible holder, A novel design that fits into the top of and posts for a replaceable ignition coil. The bottom of the base has 4 mm polystyrene or paper cups. A 2.2 â—¦ sockets for connecting a power supply to the ignition coil. heating element can be powered from a A sample of food is placed in the crucible, the calorimeter unit placed over low voltage supply via the 4 mm sockets the top, and filled with water. The power to the ignition coil is turned on, and in the cap. A hole in the top allows a the food ignited. The temperature of the water is recorded, and the energy thermometer to be inserted. Ideal for released can be calculated from the temperature change. To increase accuracy energy transfer, power and specific heat further, the calorimeter can be calibrated using a spirit with known energy experiments. Diameter: 65 mm. Height: density. 75 mm. Also required: a 12 V power supply, 4 mm plug leads, and a 0.1 g resolution balance. Please note that the calorimeter unit and base are sold separately, and both are required. NEW HE53600 £17.44 ea Calorimeter Stirrers Simple hand held calorimeter stirrers, available in thick gauge brass or stainless steel wire. BI180100 Calorimeter Unit ✓ £48.69 ea BI180105 Base Unit ✓ £46.19 ea HE72360 Type Diameter Quantity £14.90 pk SPARES & ACCESSORIES £26.61 ea CA100650 £9.34 pk Brass 50 mm 5 EL06734 Nichrome Wire, Bare Stainless steel 75 mm 5 Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 499

PHYSICS Energy Joulemeters Joulemeter, Low Voltage, Premium Joulemeter, Low Voltage This meter is capable of measuring energies from 1 mJ to 9999 J or power from 1 mW to 200 W in AC or DC circuits. Two ranges selected by a switch This updated USB version of the low voltage Joulemeter includes datalogging labelled mJ/mW and J/W are available. The auto-ranging four digit display will and an improved specification and can be used with or without a computer. give direct readings of energy or power. The maximum current input is 10 A. Designed to be simple enough to use at KS3, and flexible enough for more All electrical connections are via 4 mm sockets. advanced use at KS4 and beyond, the Joulemeter simply requires an input supply and a load to be plugged in (e.g. a solar panel and a motor) and the • Supply voltage: 20 V DC, 14 V AC (rms) meter will display the values of the power and the energy transferred. For • Input resistance: (No load) 2Mâ—¦ simplicity, the instrument automatically adjusts the display to show suitable • Max load current: J/W range - 10 A, mJ/mW range - 10 mA units and an appropriate number of decimal places, so that it can deal with • Max energies: J range - 9999 J, mJ range - 9999 mJ a very wide range of values (e.g. for energy, from 100 nanojoules up to • Max power: W range - 200 W 1.75 megajoules). This version of the Joulemeter functions almost identically to the previous EL81448 £272.04 ea version but in addition the meter also keeps a log at the chosen sample rate when the total energy transferred is being measured; the data can then be Mains Power/Joule Meter loaded on to a PC using free mini-datalogger software. The function button allows any of four settings to be selected for the required quantity to be A meter for measuring the power consumption of any mains operated measured (energy and time; power; average power; voltage, current and appliance. Rotating disc and digital readout in kWh. 240V, 13A. Please note: power). These are re-conditioned meters as new ones are no longer available. • Current range: ±7 A (current can flow in either direction) • Voltage range: ±25 V • Log memory: 2500 samples • Log sample period: 1, 2, or 4 seconds • Powered via USB or using the 5 V mains adaptor (included) BEST SELLER EL71430 £81.25 ea Mains Power & Energy Meter, Digital This plug-in power meter monitors and measures the energy/power consumption and running costs of connected electrical appliances. Measures voltage, current, power, frequency, power factor, usage and costs; adjustable price per kWh for 2 prices; memory for cumulative energy usage, total costs and costs by price setting; Large LCD; 12/24 hour clock with day/ hour/minute; Clear function clears all data in memory including current time; supplied with batteries. Voltage: 200-276 V AC; Current: 0.02-16 A; Power: 5-3588 W; Frequency: 45-65 Hz; Energy: 0-9999.9 kWh; Power Supply: 230-240 V AC 50 Hz; Max. load: 13 A, 3120 W; Power: 3 x 1.5 V button cell batteries (supplied). BEST SELLER EL81445 ✓ £82.44 ea EN101550 ✓ £27.44 ea SPARES & ACCESSORIES £3.69 EL180447 Replacement fuse …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science. 500

Energy PHYSICS Energy Conversion Energy Transfer System: Line Shaft Unit This ‘Malvern’ design Energy Transfer System consists For showing the conversion from electrical energy via mechanical to potential of various separate units designed to demonstrate the energy by winding up a weight on a cord. One end of the 6 mm steel shaft conversion/transfer of energy from one form to another. carries an aluminium ‘V’ pulley 56 mm diameter and the other end is fitted All units are mounted on bases, with 4mm sockets where with a cord anchoring collar. Base size 15 x 20 cm. appropriate. EN151964 £26.99 ea Energy Transfer System: Motor/Generator, Large For use as a driving unit /dynamo. Comprises 2 - 6V D.C. motor provided with 15 mm diameter ‘V’ pulley. Base size 15 x 10 cm. EN151960 £24.01 ea Energy Transfer System: Spring Unit Energy Transfer System: Motor/Generator, Small For showing potential energy in a wound-up spring and its conversion to electrical energy by driving a dynamo and lighting a lamp. May also be used For use with the larger Motor / generator in comparing power input and output to wind up a weight on a cord showing the change from potential energy to by driving each in turn with the other and metering the voltage and current. kinetic and back to potential in the raised weight. The steel shaft carries a clock Base size 15 x 10 cm. spring with a free wheel device and winding ratchet, also an aluminium ‘V’ pulley 56 mm diameter. One end of the shaft overhangs the base for use as line shaft when winding up a weight. Dimensions 220 x 100 x 100 mm high. Base size 15 x 20 cm. EN151965 £39.84 ea EN151961 £16.16 ea Energy Transfer System: Handwheel Drive Unit Energy Transfer System: Turbine/Pump Unit For use in driving dynamos, line shafts, flywheels, pumps etc. The driving and output pulleys are both 75 mm diameter and the intermediate pulley is 20 mm Turbine/pump unit for use as a water turbine to drive a generator producing diameter giving a step-up ratio of 3.75. Base size electricity, or for use as a pump driven by a motor and raising a head of water 16 x 16 cm. to produce potential energy. The rotor has eight ‘bucket’ blades and is housed in a block turbine chamber 50 x 50 x 25 mm with a clear Perspex front. Two inlet tubes (for turbine and pump operation) and one outlet tube are provided, and the shaft has a 15mm diameter pulley attached for use with a driving belt. Base dimensions: 15 x 10 cm. EN151966 £28.60 ea EN161900 £35.81 ea Energy Transfer System: Eddy Current Unit Energy Transfer System: Triple Lamp Unit For demonstration of eddy current braking when used in conjunction with the hand wheel driving For use with motor / generators to give an indication of their output when used unit. The 120 mm diameter aluminium disc has as dynamos. The lamp holders are connected in parallel. Lamps not included. a 20 mm driving pulley. The powerful circular magnets are carried on a pivoted arm so that they may be moved over or away from the disc as required. Base size 16 x 16 cm. EN151967 £35.89 ea EN151962 £20.92 ea Energy Transfer System: Fly Wheel Energy Transfer System: Solar Cell Motor For use with a large motor / generator and This is a small low consumption electric a lamp unit to demonstrate the conversion of motor on a base specially designed to run electrical energy to kinetic energy and then back directly from the output of the solar cell and to again. Comprising an iron flywheel 115 mm illustrate the direct conversion of light energy to diameter, mass 1.2 kg mounted in cast bracket. electrical and hence to mechanical. The shaft has an aluminium ‘V’ pulley of 44 mm diameter. Base size 15 x 10 cm. EN151963 £40.25 ea EN151968 £11.81 ea Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 501

PHYSICS Energy Enery Conversion continued Hero’s Engine Energy Transfer System: Solar Cell, Mounted A functional glass model of the earliest form of steam turbine. Comprising a borosilicate glass bulb 70 mm diameter, with side arms bent at right angles For use with the motor to demonstrate the production of electrical energy and formed into jets at their tips. The bulb is carried upon a metal stand which directly from light energy. The apparatus comprises a selenium photo-voltaic leaves it free to rotate about its horizontal axis. With 25-30 mL of water put into cell. the bulb and boiled, the increased pressure ejects steam, which causes rapid rotation as per Newton’s third law. Supplied complete on stand but without burner. NEW EN151969 £15.88 ea Connecting Belt for Pulleys £3.90 ea A belt for connecting the pulleys on energy transfer units. EN161999 Energy Transfer Unit Type ✓ £31.19 ea HE180500 Hero’s Engine ✓ £8.69 ea Developed for the Science Enhancement Programme (SEP) this single unit demonstrates a range of different energy transfers; for example, how energy SPARES & ACCESSORIES is transferred electrically from a hand-turned dynamo to a motor. The unit HE180502 Spare Glass Bulb is accompanied by a booklet that discusses some of the key teaching and learning issues that surround the energy concept, and provides a series Stirling Engine of activities that illustrate how the unit can be used to develop simple and coherent ways of talking about energy. The Stirling engine is a piston engine in which combustion–in contrast to a conventional engine– takes place outside the cylinder. The Stirling engine converts heat into mechanical energy as hot air expands and cold air contracts. This is utilized in a closed system where the same air is pumped back and forth between a cold and a hot engine part. A Stirling engine is also called a hot air engine. The Stirling engine is again relevant due to issues surrounding fossil fuels as they can use all kinds of heat sources such as biomass and solar, which is a renewable form of energy. This model uses alcohol as fuel. Weight: 270 g. Dimensions (L x W x H): 180 x 90 x 90 mm. EN152000 £137.44 ea HE150600 £87.44 ea Kinetic to Thermal Energy Apparatus Stirling Engine, Low Temperature This simple apparatus provides an easy way to demonstrate the conversion of An affordable Stirling engine which works at very low temperature differences. kinetic energy to thermal energy. A cup of warm water (must be at least 60 °C) can make the motor run, which The apparatus consists of 2 kg of lead shot contained in a robust leather means that water heated by sunlight can become hot enough to drive this pouch with removable cap. The leather bag is dropped repeatedly from a motor. Like other Stirling engines, this type works by converting temperature specific height, and the rise in temperature in the lead shot is measured with a differences into mechanical energy as warm air expands and cold air contracts. thermometer inserted into the top of the pouch, with the cap removed. This is utilized in a closed system where the same air is pumped back and forth between a cold and a hot engine part. Illustrates perfectly how Stirling engines operate and can be used with many different heat sources. Weight: 330 g. Dimensions (H x W x D): 144 x 90 x 90 mm. EN170100 £74.94 ea HE150605 £106.25 ea 502 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Energy PHYSICS Enery Conversion continued Voltaic Pile Thermoelectric Generator What is inside a battery? How does it store energy and produce an electric potential? This voltaic pile, the earliest and most simple form of battery is ideal The Thermoelectric Generator is an experimental for building a simple cell. apparatus which demonstrates how heat energy can Comprises 10 copper and 10 zinc elements, be converted directly into electrical energy (without any felt discs to separate them, and a shaft with mechanical movement involved). By placing one of the base on which to stack them. Aluminium legs in hot and the other leg in cold water, The felt discs must be impregnated with an enough electrical energy is generated to power the electric electrolyte, such as ammonium chloride, or motor and turn the propeller. Easy to set up. an acid or base solution. EN130520 £66.28 ea NEW Thermocouple EN180200 ✓ £41.19 ea This item can be used to illustrate the phenomenon of thermo-electricity. It Gasoline Cannon consists of a piece of copper wire connecting two pieces of constantan wire. The copper wire is wound and soldered to the constantan wire. If a temperature This demo illustrates the explosive power of hydrocarbons. The apparatus difference exists between the two consists of a Plexiglas tube in which a piezoelectric spark generator is mounted junctions, an electrical potential in a rubber stopper in the bottom. The inner side of the tube is moistened with (of the order of millivolts) can a small amount of gasoline, and the cork stopper at the top is put in place. be measured between the two When the spark generator is activated the explosive mixture of gasoline fumes constantan wires. and air is ignited, and the cork stopper is fired from the top of the tube. Supplied with 4€mm safety jack Dimensions (Dia.):€710 x 52mm. connectors and with a 10€mm support rod. TH152000 £33.69 ea Peltier Cell HE150007 £49.94 ea Low-cost, high output Peltier cell. Peltier junctions are thermo-electric heating and cooling devices that offer solid-state, reliable temperature control. Uses include cooling elements for mini fridges, cooling laboratory instruments and cooling hot running ICs. Peltier cells can also be used to generate electricity by heating one surface and cooling the other. With a sufficient temperature differential a cell can output up to 1 amp at 5V - sufficient to drive a small electric motor. HE130900 £11.93 ea Rijke Tube (Singing Pipe) Hand Powered Generator (Dynamo) Set The ‘Singing Pipe’ apparatus is a simple, effective and entertaining way to demonstrate energy conversion from heat (thermal energy) to sound energy. The generator is mounted in a transparent plastic housing. Using a hand swing Quick and easy to set up and use, this demonstration rarely fails to impress. and a gearbox the generator can yield a power output of up to 7.5 watts. The apparatus consists of a 450 x 28 mm copper tube which has a metal The generator unit is supplied with an gauze fitted inside, at a pinch point part way up from the base. The tube should E10 socket for small bulbs and leads be supported by a retort clamp towards the top, away from the heat, and a with mini crocodile clips for attachment blue Bunsen burner flame directed into the base and onto the gauze for a few to electrolysis experiments, measuring seconds only. Shortly after removing the flame, the tube emits a loud ‘foghorn’ instruments, electrical circuits, etc. The set sound as air is drawn up the tube by heat rising from the hot gauze. If the tube consists of two hand generator units and becomes too hot it will stop emitting sound, in which case it should be allowed includes complete user instructions. to cool before trying again. EN98100 Quantity £30.38 set 2 Pelton Turbine and Generator For demonstration of hydroelectric power generation, converting energy from the tap up to 6 V AC from the dynamo. The Pelton wheel is mounted in an acrylic housing. A really effective working model. Requires high pressure water jet. Dimensions (L x W x H) 195 x 170 x 100mm. HE53750 £106.19 ea HE72400 £46.53 ea Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 503

PHYSICS Energy Renewable Energy Exploring Wind & Water Energy Renewable Energy Kit Go green and bring STEM concepts to life with the K’NEX® Exploring Wind & Water Energy Set! A resource designed to make the understanding of renewable and sustainable energy generation an exciting and tactile experience. For indoor or outdoor Designed to address critical science, technology and engineering concepts in use, this wind, solar and water demonstrator comes in a modular format with the students’ classroom and provide instructional models that will enhance 4 interchangeable monitors to show differing ‘outputs’. An ideal resource for students’ understanding of these important concepts. the discussion of environmental power issues. Dimensions (L x W x H): 270 x Teaching applications: 200 x 380mm. • 288 K’NEX® parts. • Build 6 renewable energy models. • Two at a time. • Supports 1-2 students. • Building instructions & comprehensive teacher’s guide. • Strong storage tub with snap-on lid. EN98105 £90.80 kit K’nex Renewable Energy Set This exciting K’Nex Renewable Energy set helps students learn about real- world issues and concepts that will impact our future. Realistic models and comprehensive teacher’s guide allow students to compare and contrast the power and efficiency of three different alternative energy sources. Students can compare and contrast the power and efficiency that can be realised from wind, solar and water powered machines while working on projects of real-world significance. The set enables 9 models to be built - three from each power source. Complete with teacher’s guide, which includes lesson plans, background information, teacher notes and reproducible worksheets. Concepts: • Solar, Wind and Hydro Power • Energy Storage • Electrical Energy Generation • Green Energy/Clean Energy • Force, Motion, Work and Power KN120100 £212.44 set EN152010 £62.44 set 504 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Energy PHYSICS Renewable Energy continued Wind Energy Wind Energy Science Kit Power House (V2), Alternative Energy Kit With the Wind Energy Science Kit you can build a miniature power generation The Power House kit helps to teach about alternative energy and sustainable system that converts wind into electrical energy. Experiment with the pitch living, by conducting up to 100 experiments and building energy-related (angle setting) of turbine blades and find out the optimum number of blades models. Build the Power House and then conduct experiments in and around for generating electricity. Nine blades, with three types of profiled blade based the house. Learn about energy-efficient construction materials and passive on NASA aeronautics and one type of poly-propylene sheet blade, provide the house design. Experiment with heating, cooling, conduction, convection, and opportunity to find the perfect balance of wind resistance, weight and angle. insulation. Investigate Earth’s climate, the water cycle, and that inexhaustible power plant in the sky: the sun. Test passive solar collection methods with a • Uniquely designed blade profile based on NASA aeronautics solar collector. Hook up a photovoltaic solar panel to generate electricity from • Most realistic wind turbine experimentation available on the market sunlight. Build wind turbines to extract energy from the wind. Construct a • Complete wind energy curriculum covering vertical and horizontal axis greenhouse and learn about the energy conservation tricks used by plants. • turbines Power House can also be used in conjunction with temperature or voltage datalogging sensors to measure and record heat gains and losses or voltage Blade angle adjustable from 0° to 55 degrees ( 3 positions) generated. Experiments covered by the kit: How Many Blades Are Best - 1, 2, 3 ... More?; Power House provides a comprehensive overview of the many forms Using Three Different Curved Blade Shapes; Using Blades You Make Yourself; of alternative energy and makes environmental protection and energy Turbine Efficiencies; Measuring RPM; Tuning For Maximum Power; How Blade conservation issues tangible with hands-on models. Comes complete with a Angle or Pitch Affects Output Power. 64-page, full-colour experiment manual which provides instructions, scientific Contents: explanations, and energy-saving tips. Mini wind turbine (wind power generator), Kit for learning about wind power energy, Special 3 phase alternator for higher output power, LED for output power demonstration, Complete educational curriculum on wind energy. EN130500 £81.19 kit EN120125 £74.94 kit Renewable Energy Pack Wind Power Renewable Energy Kit This Renewable Energy Pack contains one each of the renewable energy kits, Wind is one of the most promising sources of clean, renewable energy providing a complete solution with a cost advantage. The pack contains the available today. Wind energy has been used for centuries to pump water following kits: and crush grain in windmills, and is now increasingly being used to generate electricity to power our modern world. Using this kit you can assemble a wind • 1 x Wind Turbine Kit turbine complete with electric generator, adjustable rotors, and wind speed • 1 x Photovoltaic Kit indicator, then conduct more than 20 experiments with your wind turbine. • 1 x Solar Water Heater Kit Experiment with different numbers of rotor blades, different blade angles and profiles, different wind speeds, different gear ratios etc. Use the wind turbine to generate mechanical power to lift a heavy weight or generate electricity to light up an LED and charge a rechargeable battery. Includes full-colour, 32-page experiment manual with illustrated instructions and scientific information. • Build a working wind turbine • Harness mechanical energy to lift weights • Generate electricity to light an LED and charge a battery • Learn the physics of wind turbines • Discover how wind occurs and why it is such a promising energy source • Learn about the physics of force and motion as it applies to wind power • technology. Learn how to measure and calculate the different forces acting on the • rotor blades by breaking them down into vectors Discover how the sun makes the wind, providing us with an endless • source of energy Read about different types of wind turbines and windmills EN160700 £237.44 ea EN140125 £43.69 kit Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 505

Join ASE! Promoting excellence in science teaching and learning ASE is the UK’s largest subject association, creating conferences, online resources, publications, INSET, and a national support network. If you need advice, resources or like-minded people to talk to, ASE is the family to join. Members enjoy: • Professional advice and information on issues of direct concern to all involved with science teaching • Indemnity insurance for individual members • Regular high quality journals: Primary Science or School Science Review and Education in Science • Regional, area and national conferences • Discounts on ASE publications including teaching resources and health and safety guides. For further details on membership and other services contact: The Association for Science Education, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AA Tel: 01707 283000 Fax: 01707 266532 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ase.org.uk Over recent years many educational websites and portals have come and gone as enthusiasm and funding has dried up or moved on . . . . . . but not this one! www.schoolscience.co.uk - where things never stand still! ADVERTISEMENT

Energy PHYSICS Wind Energy continued Windmill Investigation Wind Turbine Kit This model ‘windmill’ with motor/generator allows students to investigate how different numbers and sizes of vanes affect the energy output generated This ready-assembled wind turbine can be used by wind. The apparatus requires an electric blower (mains fan, or hair dryer to carry out a wide range of experiments on wind on cool setting) to act as a wind source and an ammeter and voltmeter (or power. The blades of the wind turbine can easily be multimeters) to measure the current and voltage generated by different vane attached, removed or adjusted, allowing students numbers, shapes or sizes. Wind strength can also be considered by altering to investigate the effects of changing the number, the distance between the windmill and fan/blower. The windmill comes ready pitch, size and shape of the blades. Some of the assembled with a mounted electric motor/generator and 4mm sockets and effects can be quite counter-intuitive and require includes a rotor bobbin with 12 pre-cut slots for the vanes. Also includes a students to think carefully about the concepts of selection of card pieces for the vanes, and notes for use. Dimensions: Base energy and power. With terminal posts attached for 110 x 110 mm; Height 120 mm; Rotor length 190 mm. easy connection to other equipment, the electrical output is DC. Supplied assembled. EN130535 £30.04 kit SPARES & ACCESSORIES £2.96 ea EN130540 Corrugated sheet 600 x 500 x 3 mm ✓ £0.50 ea EN180539 Turbine Pin Wind Turbine Kit HE72420 £71.99 ea Developed with the National Energy Foundation, this quality, easy to use Mini Wind Turbine Wind Turbine Kit is a working model of a real wind turbine. Hands-on and fully interactive, the kit shows how wind power can be harnessed to generate Comprises a low inertia motor/generator with plastic impeller, mounted on electricity. The kit can be assembled in minutes, is easy to use and has been an acrylic base with 4 mm sockets for output to a voltmeter. The unit can also designed for use in schools, colleges and universities. be used to power low current devices such as LEDs. The apparatus requires an electric blower (mains fan, or hair dryer on cool setting) to act as a wind The wind turbine can be used indoors with a fan, or outdoors in the wind to source. Supplied assembled. power the electric motor, buzzer or LED, or can be connected to the voltmeter to measure the amount of electricity generated. The rear vane automatically turns HE72415 £46.53 ea the wind turbine towards the wind, even if the wind changes direction. SEP Mini Wind Turbine The turbine hub offers combinations of two, three or six blades and the blade angles can be easily adjusted to discover which configuration gives the greatest The SEP mini-turbine can be used to introduce basic principles of a wind electrical output. turbine. It consists of a small electric motor attached to a propeller and connected to a pair of terminal posts. To demonstrate how the turbine can The kit includes a set of four gears which can be easily interchanged to test generate an electrical current, it can be connected to an LED or electric motor. different gear combinations e.g. ratios of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3, to discover what To measure the output, it can be connected to a voltmeter or digital multimeter effect this has on the power generated. - the faster the turbine turns, the higher the voltage reading. The mini-turbine can be used to carry out simple investigations into the effects of different wind Packed weight: 1.29 kg speeds and angles on output, using a desk fan, for example. The wind speed can be varied by using the settings on the fan. •The kit contains: Two-part wind turbine (600mm high) consisting of a nacelle (top), and The mini-turbine can be held in the hand or, for a more quantitative approach, tower (base) held in a clamp stand, which allows distances and angles to be measured more accurately. • Integral clamp to secure the wind turbine to a table top or bench etc. • Six turbine blades • Motor module • LED module • Buzzer module • Dual-scale analogue voltmeter • Brass-hub gears: 60-tooth, 2 x 40-tooth, and 20-tooth with a 1.5mm hex key • Operating and assembly instructions • Cardboard storage case HE82370 £156.19 kit EN130515 £18.27 ea SPARES & ACCESSORIES £16.01 ea HE160372 Turbine Blade Pack HE160374 Slide Bearing & Adaptor Pin Pack £2.41 ea Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 507

PHYSICS Energy Solar Energy Solar Cells Solar Furnace Fitted with threaded stud Demonstrate the extraordinary power terminals. Output 0.45V. May of the sun by concentrating solar be fitted together for increased energy with this parabolic dish. Using power. its reflective mirror, the furnace can generate extreme temperatures to HE43100 Dimensions Current £3.31 ea heat materials placed in the attached HE43105 £4.94 ea copper receptacle. Dimensions (Dia.) HE43110 53 x 36 x 7.5 mm (L x W x H) 200€mA £8.91 ea 300mm. HE43115 75 x 45 x 7.5 mm (L x W x H) 400€mA £9.54 ea 95 x 65 x 7.5 mm (L x W x H) 800€mA HE63750 95 x 65 x 7.5 mm (L x W x H) 1000€mA Crookes Radiometer £193.75 ea Solar Cell Modules, Encapsulated A glass bulb containing a set of 4 different A range of grade A high efficiency polycrystalline coloured vanes, which rotate when exposed to solar cells with outputs ranging from 1.5V / 400mA to light. 5.0V / 130mA. Resin encapsulated for a robust finish and improved longevity, they come fitted with HE18738 high-temperature silicon red and black connecting wires, 200mm long. Individual units can be connected Halogen Lamp for Solar Cells in series or parallel to obtain increased voltage or current output. Class IP54 protection, CE approved. Superbright Halogen lamps suitable for use as a general light source and ideal for use EN130545 Dimensions Current Voltage £6.31 ea with solar cells and modules as they offer EN130550 £8.01 ea much brighter light than standard desk EN130555 90 x 60 x 3 mm (L x W x D) 400 mA 1.5 V £8.64 ea lamps. Available as portable units for bench 120 x 62 x 3 mm (L x W x D) 400 mA 2V use or mounted on a telescopic tripod. 121 x 62 x 3 mm (L x W x D) 130 mA 5V £12.86 ea Solar Panel, 10 Watts Solar panel consisting of 36 monocrystalline solar cells mounted in an aluminium frame with front glass panel. Complete with shrouded 4 mm plug leads. • Maximum output: 18.0 V / 0.58 A • Open-circuit voltage: 22 V • Short-circuit current: 0.6 A • Dimensions: 383 x 299 x 34 mm LA130500 Type Power Voltage £16.70 ea EN170500 £74.94 ea LA130505 £23.19 ea £1.69 ea Portable 150 W 230 V AC Solar Motor Portable 400 W 230 V AC Precision made, robust inertia type motor suitable for solar cells and modules. Operating voltage 1.5-9V. Starting current approx.10mA. Dimensions (Dia. x H): 32 x 19.5mm. Shaft Dimensions (L x Dia.): 8.8 x 2.0mm. Solar Cell Module EN98115 A selenium photo-voltaic cell mounted on metal Solar Motor stand with 2 x 4mm sockets. Demonstrates the conversion of light energy to electrical energy. 1.5 to 6.0V (1800rpm at 1.5V). Axle Dimensions (Dia.): 2mm. HE43200 £20.02 ea HE43150 £1.74 ea 508 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Energy PHYSICS Solar Energy continued Solar Educational Kit, Modular Solar Investigation A kit comprising 8 solar modules, low-inertia motor, impeller, connecting lead and copper links for cell interconnections and housings and brackets to enable This Solar Investigation Apparatus allows students to investigate the properties the construction of various solar powered projects. The modular concept of this of solar cells. The apparatus consists of a solar cell mounted on an acrylic base kit enables experimentation with differing voltages and currents to produce the with 4mm sockets for connection to a voltmeter (or multimeter). Power output required circuit. can also be measured using a load resistor, ammeter and voltmeter (circuit provided in the instructions). The unit also incorporates an integral centimetre The kit also includes a comprehensive booklet covering principles of solar scale and a sliding cover to allow the area of the cell exposed to light to be power, together with useful connection diagrams and output calculation altered. The slider also has a circular aperture to allow measurements from formulae. different regions of the solar cell. Dimensions of base unit: 140 x 85 x 45 mm (l x w x h). Supplied with instructions. HE72300 £51.99 ea HE92345 £16.89 kit Solar Educational Kit, Introductory Solar Photovoltaic Kit An ideal introduction to solar power containing a 400 mA solar module, Developed with the National Energy Foundation, this quality Solar Photovoltaic low-inertia DC motor; connecting lead, fan impeller and selection of turntable Kit is a durable working model of a real solar photovoltaic panel. Hands-on discs. Supplied complete with booklet explaining the principles and applications and fully-interactive, it demonstrates how the sun’s power can be harnessed to of solar energy. generate electricity. The easy to use kit is designed for use in schools, colleges and universities and can be assembled for use in seconds. The solar photovoltaic panel can be used outdoors in the sun or indoors with a lamp. Although it will generate some electricity in low light levels, the solar panel will be particularly effective in bright, sunny conditions and will power the electric motor, buzzer or LED (which come as part of the kit), or can be connected to the included digital multimeter to measure the amount of electricity generated. • Contents include: Solar panel with hinged mounting clip, connecting leads and two 4mm stackable plugs; Motor module; LED module; Buzzer module ; Pocket multimeter with connecting leads and two 4mm stackable plugs; Operating and assembly instructions. Comes complete with cardboard storage • cSatosrea.ge case dimensions: 250 x • P1a9c0kexd60wemigmht: 400 g HE43180 £11.39 kit EN160500 £71.40 kit Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 509

PHYSICS Energy Solar Energy continued Solar Water Heating Kit Investigating Solar Energy Set Developed with the National Energy Foundation, this quality Solar Water Heater Kit is a durable working model of a real solar water heating panel. It Go green and bring STEM concepts to life with the K’NEX® Investigating Solar shows how the sun’s power can be harnessed to heat water, and allows the Energy Set! Learn how to harness the energy of the sun into electricity to power user to fully interact in a hands-on way. The easy to use kit is designed for use K’NEX models. in schools, colleges and universities and can be assembled for use in seconds. Builds three models and includes 128 K’NEX parts, solar panel and motor. Building instructions and teacher’s guide aligned to National STEM Standards The solar water heater can be used outdoors in the sun, or indoors with a included. lamp and although it will heat water even on cloudy days, will be particularly Teacher guide provides a program of study that uses hands-on exploration in effective in bright, sunny conditions. conjunction with an engaging inquiry-based approach to learning. Students are encouraged to build, investigate, and evaluate concepts, ideas and designs. Fill the solar water heating panel with cold water and watch the water Explore other Renewable Energy Sources with the Exploring Wind and Water Set temperature increase as the sun heats the panel. Both the water temperature or the Renewable Energy class set. and external air temperature are displayed on the digital thermometer and maximum and minimum temperatures can be measured using the recording function and programmable alarm. • Contents include: Black solar heating panel; Copper heating tube with two rubber stoppers; Digital thermometer with remote probe, max/min function, programmable temperature alarm; 3 V lithium battery; Foam insulating block; Operating and assembly instructions; Two-part insulating/storage •• ScPaatoscreka.egdewceaisgehdt:im56e5nsgions: 260 x 210 x 60 mm HE82388 £73.81 kit Solar Thermal Collector The solar thermal collector is used to demonstrate how solar energy can be converted directly into heat energy. The apparatus includes a peristaltic circulation pump, along with an acrylic reservoir with heat exchanger (copper coil). The reservoir can illustrate how the water heater in a house works or, if used without water, to illustrate how a radiator heats up the air in a room. The apparatus can also be used with a halogen lamp as a light source (to replace the sun). Solar radiation is absorbed by the black absorber plate, which consists of a metal plate with attached copper pipes, insulation behind the absorber and a transparent acrylic front plate to reduce heat loss. The black copper pipe mounted on the collector is connected with plastic tubing to the pump and copper coil in the reservoir. The pump circulates water through the pipe and tubes and transports thermal energy from the absorber to the reservoir. When the temperature and amount of water in the reservoir are known, the heat input can be calculated from the temperature rise. The reservoir/storage tank includes a rubber stopper with holes for a thermometer and a thermocouple, for data collection. The collector has a hole at the top to allow the copper pipe temperature rise to be monitored. The solar thermal collector can be set at different angles to ensure the highest possible solar intensity. • Area of the absorber: 29.0 x 29.4 cm = 852.6 cm2 • Reservoir: 94 mm internal diameter, 3 mm wall thickness acrylic • Overall dimensions: 31 x 31 x 6 cm • Water pump: 12 V DC / 1.5 A EN156000 £87.44 set EN170510 £462.44 kit 510 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Energy PHYSICS Solar Energy continued Solar Power Meter Fuel Cells This meter is used to measure Solar Power (sunlight). It is an easy to use Bio Fuel Energy Kit instrument which offers a compact design and robust construction. It is designed for environmental monitoring of sunlight intensity and is particularly Power technology using mostly water, and drops of ethanol. This innovation useful to solar power engineers when comparing the intensity of sunlight could soon charge our portable electronics, and all kinds of remote devices. compared with the efficiency of solar panels. The Bioenergy educational and discovery kit is the first product of its kind, and gives us a close-up view of the possibilities. The direct ethanol fuel cell •Specifications: • Data Hold freezes a displayed is comprised of a small chamber within which the ethanol solution (90% Range: 0 to 1,999 w/m2 or 0 to • value water, 10% ethanol - similar to wine in 634 BTU/(ft2h) alcohol content!) is in contact with the cell’s Min/Max Hold displays the membrane on the anode side, while the • Resolution: 1 w/m2, 1BTU highest and lowest reading since cathode is open to the ambient air. Electricity • Accuracy: ±10 w/m2, ±3 BTU power on is produced as the wine-like solution • ±5% whichever is greater slowly turns to vinegar. Once this process • Low Battery indication is completed, a purge mechanism allows Power: 4 x 1.5V AAA Alkaline • Impact-resistant ABS case “fresh” ethanol to flow into the reaction Batteries (LR-3) • Supplied with protective lens cap chamber, simultaneously expelling the used fuel. Experiment set and desktop fan able to • Dimensions: 162 x 63 x 28mm and battery run 8-12 hours with a few drops of ethanol. • Weight: 250g It is possible to experiment with any kind •Features: of alcohol solution between 10 and15%. Manual included for set up and experiments. 0 to 1,999w/m2 or 0 to 634BTU/ • (ft2h) High-accuracy and rapid response • sampling 0.25 times per second Sunlight silicon photo diode • sensor 50mm LCD display with Backlight and function indicators EN120100 £56.19 kit Salt Water Fuel Cell Kit Use a new fuel cell concept based on salt-water and magnesium plates to produce long-lasting electricity that powers a small load (up to 4 hours per plate!). You can use the building blocks of this concept to create and power applications of your own design. Kit Contents: Plastic base with salt-water fuel cell, Rubber tubing, Purging valve, Electric motor with fan, Wire leads with plugs, Assembly instructions, CD with curriculum manuals. • Produce power from a salt-water fuel cell system • Fan module serves as a load for electric power being generated • Examine the chemistry behind a salt-water fuel cell solution • Comes with CD, experiments and curriculum. EN150500 £52.01 ea EN140160 £43.69 kit SPARES & ACCESSORIES £2.05 pk BA01984 2 x AAA Batteries Hand Pyranometer With Display Ethanol Fuel Cell Science Kit For field measurements of global solar irradiance. Supplied with a digital A miniature power plant where ethanol is the feedstock, the fuel cell uses display for direct readout of the irradiance in watts per square metre. An hydrogen in the ethanol to produce electricity without combustion. analog output signal is provided through two 4€mm safety jack terminals if for instance data logging is wanted. The device is powered by a 9 volt PP3 battery Kit Contents: Ethanol / Water mix container, Ethanol fuel cell, Silicon tubing, (included). Electric fan loads, Connector wires. • Understanding the workings of an ethanol fuel cell • pH paper shows change of property of the consumed ethanol fuel • Includes experiment guide on CD, as well complete manual • Fuel solution can be made with household items EN156005 £143.75 ea EN140165 £74.94 kit SPARES & ACCESSORIES £3.83 ea BA01970 PP3 Battery Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 511

PHYSICS Energy Steam Engines Steam Traction Engine Steam Engine SP2 A classic driven model. A powerful compact engine capable of driving workshop models. Uses solid fuel tablets. HE08900 £150.00 ea Steam Engine SP4 HE82305 £243.75 ea A versatile unit capable of driving larger models. Uses solid fuel tablets. Solid Fuel Tablets Suitable for Mamod steam engines. Supplied in a pack of 20 tablets. HE08902 £175.00 ea HE08904 £7.44 pk Steam Engine SP5D Steam Generator A twin cylinder stationary engine complete with generator and light. A cylindrical copper body and conical top fitted with a finger-loop handle. It has a short neck for a bung, a rifled outlet tube and glass water gauge tube. Capacity: 2 litres. BEST SELLER HE18745 Capacity £33.16 ea 2 litres HE63700 ✓ £268.75 ea PLEASE NOTE: By the nature of their design, steam engines will leak steam 512 and water. This is normal and does not indicate a fault! …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Energy PHYSICS Thermal Conduction Conductivity Star Wood/Metal Cylinder Thermal conductivity apparatus for use with a tea A value version of HE72450. Dimensions (L x Dia.): 250 x 20mm. light / candle or small bunsen burner flame. The unit has an integral polished wooden handle and 5 metal rods (aluminium, brass, mild steel, copper and nickel) mounted in a brass centre block. Students can discover which metals conduct heat the most efficiently by placing a small amount of wax at the end of each rod and seeing which melts first when heat is applied to the centre block. Wax not included. Rod Dimensions (Dia. x L): 4 x 75mm. HE102304 £11.88 ea HE110110 £8.84 ea Wood/Metal Cylinder Ingenhousz’s Apparatus The wood/metal cylinder offers a nice demonstration of conduction and Five rods, one of each aluminium, brass, copper, zinc and iron, embedded insulation. The apparatus consist of a copper tube attached to a wooden rod of along one side of a metal tank. Rates of melting compared by placing wax on equal diameter. A piece of paper is wrapped tightly around the central section, end of rods thus giving rates of conductivity in the different metals. Dimensions covering the wood and metal parts, then the rod/cylinder is passed through (L x W x H): 150 x 90 x 100mm. a Bunsen burner flame for a few seconds, making sure both wood and metal parts pass through the flame. The metal part conducts heat away so the paper hardly browns, but because the wood part is an insulator the paper covering gets scorched by the flame. Dimensions (L x Dia.): 190 x 22 mm. HE72450 £22.51 ea HE43008 £30.20 ea Conductivity Apparatus Conductivity Rods DE Consists of four metal strips (aluminium, brass, copper and iron) mounted on a AB C wooden ring. The outer end of the strips are formed into a small cup to contain wax. Suitable for use with a small bunsen flame or tea light/candle. Type Length Diameter Quantity HE18732 A Aluminium 30 cm 3 mm 10 £2.31 pk HE18733 £15.05 pk HE18734 B Copper 30 cm 3 mm 10 HE102300 £3.91 pk HE102315 C Iron 30 cm 3 mm 10 £13.44 pk HE18730 £7.79 ea D Brass 25 cm 3 mm 10 £8.56 pk Wax Burners BEST E Glass 30 cm 3 mm 10 SELLER Conductivity Rods Set of rods, one each of aluminium, brass, copper, and iron. Dimensions (L€x€Dia.):€250 x 3€mm. Type Quantity ✓ £4.09 pk HE18735 Quantity £8.95 set BU110320 Night lights 25 5 Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 513

PHYSICS Energy Thermal Conduction continued Ice Melting Kit Thermal Conductivity Bars Demonstrates the difference in conductivity of two different substances. Comprises two identical looking square blocks but of different materials, one These are safe, clean (no wax) and easy to use. The durable liquid crystal of thermal conducting material and other of thermal insulating material. On strips embedded in the bars show how a red zone of 40°C moves up the bars. placing ice on both of them, ice melts faster on one of them showing the The colours give a dramatic view of conduction and the marked difference in difference in their conductivities. temperature gradients in the bars is also visible. By immersing the heated bars into cold water shows how conductivity applies to heat leaving the metal. The tops of the bars are designed to be touched with a finger tip to reinforce the colour observations. HE92305 £18.41 kit HE43005 Type £37.48 ea Ice Melting Kit, Advanced HE43009 £406.19 set Single This advanced ice melting kit nicely demonstrates the thermal conductivity of Class set of 12 in Gratnells Tray materials by using different types of metal blocks to melt ice cubes. The kit consists of an acrylic base with sump, an acrylic tube, two cylindrical Drinking Bird copper blocks and two cylindrical steel blocks. The apparatus is set up by placing one of the copper blocks on top of the A classic toy that is really a heat engine! This simple, inexpensive device acrylic base. The base has an integral sump, which will contain the meltwater demonstrates the cooling effect due to evaporation. Simply duck the from an ice cube. The acrylic tube is then placed over the copper block, in bird’s head into a container filled of water to begin the bobbing motion. order to contain the metal blocks and ice cube. An ice cube is then dropped Subsequently, the bird will continue to drink by dipping its head into the water, down the tube onto the block and the second copper block is placed on top. so long as there is water in the container. The evaporation of water from the Immediately the ice begins to melt, due to the high thermal conductivity of material on the bird’s head cools the vapour of the special liquid inside the copper (along with a large thermal mass), and in a matter of 10-15 seconds bird, which in turn causes a pressure drop in the head allowing liquid to rise the ice will have melted and disappeared. from the base. This alters the balance of the bird on its pivot and the bird dips By repeating the experiment using the steel blocks it can be seen that the ice back down into the liquid again to repeat the cycle. melts more slowly, due to the lower thermal conductivity of steel. Each experiment can be timed, for a more accurate comparison between the Please note: model supplied may differ from the image. two different metals. The kit also includes two plastic insulating discs, which can be placed between the ice and the metal blocks to show that it is not simply the pressure of the top block which is causing the ice to melt. If repeating the experiment using the same blocks, it is better to allow the blocks to come back up to room temperature first (if repeatable results are required). Contents: • Acrylic base and tube • 2 x 0.5kg copper blocks • 2 x 0.5kg steel blocks • 2 x plastic insulating discs Also required: Ice cubes, preferably quite large. TE170900 £34.25 kit LINKED To help you with your ordering, see also... PRODUCTS Ice Makers (page 83) HE130505 £6.19 ea 514 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Energy PHYSICS Convection Thermal Energy Tea Bag Paper For Convection Demonstrations FreezCube This plain, non heat seal paper is ideal for demonstrating convection The FreezCube is a 3 mL aluminium chamber with a Peltier effect device which experiments. Simply create a tube structure, by folding the paper, and light the removes heat from the chamber into a water tank underneath. The small top. The paper will then rise up due to convection current. It has many other volume of water can be cooled to -10 °C in under 10 minutes, allowing an uses including filtration and use in diffusion experiments. Supplied in a roll. observation of the latent heat of fusion within a lesson. •••• A universal thermometer holder allows the temperature of the water to be Weight: 1.5 kg measured, and a stirrer prevents supercooling. Paper thickness: 12.7 gsm Requires a 6 or 12 V DC power supply that can deliver 5 A. Cooling times will Width: 124 mm be faster with 12 V. Length: approx 930 m NEW EN140180 £43.69 ea Convection In Water Apparatus Consisting of a rectangular glass tubing. Dimensions (W x L x Dia.): 210 x 360 x 22mm. EN180100 ✓ £49.94 ea HE18778 £29.88 ea Thermal Radiation £8.32 SPARES & ACCESSORIES Thermopile (Heat Radiation Detector) PO4988 Potassium permanganate LR, 500 g This sensor is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength region from 0.25€µm to 20€µm, i.e. from the ultraviolet through the visible to the far Convection In Air (Mine Shaft) Apparatus infrared. Thus it is sensitive to thermal radiation in the near IR (0.3-3€µm) and far IR (3-20€µm) regions. Because the sensor uses a black absorbing surface Consists of a metal box with a sliding glass front and two detachable glass and a thermopile detector, the response of the sensor is uniform over its chimneys. A lighted tea light (night light) is placed beneath the base of one wavelength range. The output signal is proportional to the incident power per chimney to create convection currents. (Tea lights not supplied). Dimensions unit area striking the detector surface. (L x H x D): 240 x 90 x 70mm. The sensor is adjusted so that an output of 4€V corresponds to 1000€W/ m2€±3%. The cable is terminated in a 5 pole male DIN connector compatible with the power supply / adapter box below, to provide the necessary 5€V€DC bias voltage. When using the battery box an ordinary digital voltmeter, multimeter or oscilloscope can be used to read the output signal. Supplied with a holder with a 10€mm diameter rod for mounting in a squat retort base (ST96274) or laboratory lamp stand. HE110100 £312.44 ea £29.94 ea SPARES & ACCESSORIES ST96274 Squat Retort Base HE18736 £24.75 ea Power Supply/Adapter Box For Thermopile SPARES & ACCESSORIES £7.73 pr HE18737 Spare Chimneys £2.78 pk The battery box is designed for use with sensors and microphones which need BU80555 25 Smoke Matches + 5 V DC to operate. The unit is provided with a battery compartment for BU110320 25 Night lights ✓ £4.09 pk a 9 V PP3 battery which, via an electronic regulator, supplies the +5 V DC supply voltage for connected sensors. The unit has one input terminal with a 5-pole DIN connector (180 degrees) for sensors and two input terminals with 6-pole DIN connectors (270 degrees) for microphones. The output terminals, for attachment to a voltmeter, datalogger, oscilloscope or other device, are standard 4 mm sockets. Dimensions (L x W x H): 143 x 84 x 37 mm. Required for microphones SO150400 & SP150205, and thermopile HE110100. HE110105 £100.00 ea Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 515

PHYSICS Energy Thermal Radiation continued Heat Radiation Plate Leslie Cube The plate is used to demonstrate the importance of the surface properties for heat radiation. The steel plate has one side plain metal and the other side 10 cm cube with surfaces: dull black, shiny painted black. It is mounted on a nickel plated shaft with a wooden handle. black, white and copper. The opening on top The plate is first heated (on the plain side), then the temperature of both sides allows the cube to be filled with hot water, and is compared using, for example, heat radiation discs (HE43015) or an IR digital the lid reduces both heat loss and the risk of thermometer. Mass: 370g. Plate Dimensions (L x W x D): 175 x 175 x 1mm. spillage. Dimensions (L): 370mm. HE92350 £37.44 ea HE18740 £45.40 ea Radiant Heat Source Heat Absorption & Radiation Apparatus A safe, compact heat source, ideal for heat radiation experiments in schools. This apparatus offers a quick and safe method for demonstrating comparative Comprising a base and cage enclosing a custom IR radiating lamp of the dull heat absorption from a radiated heat source. The apparatus uses a 12 V 24W emitter type. bulb as a heat source, with 2 parabolic metal dishes for heat absorption - one finished in black and one in shiny metal. The dishes include integral holders for • 300 W power output thermometers, to allow comparison of temperature readings (thermometers not • Dimensions (W x D x H): 150 x 150 x 220 mm included). Comes complete with instructions. NEW HE150000 £27.06 ea Heat Sensitive Paper A novel way to investigate temperature, insulation, and body temperature. Heat sensitive thermochromic paper changes colour as the temperature rises, even from the heat of your hand. The paper is supplied in four colours - blue/white, purple/pink, pink/white and green/yellow. Dimensions (L x W): 297 x 210mm. HE180010 Heat Source ✓ £124.94 ea SPARES & ACCESSORIES ✓ £37.44 ea HE180011 Replacement Bulb Radiation Absorption Disc Set HE92352 Quantity £36.32 pk 40 Aluminium discs each with different durable anodised finish-matt black, mirror black, matt silver and mirror silver. Bonded to the reverse of each disc Thermal Reaction is a 30-650°C liquid crystal thermometer. These discs show in a clear and measurable way how absorption of heat radiation depends on surface colour Pocket Warmer and texture. The very low heat capacity gives quick results, meaning that many more experiments can be completed in each lesson. The discs can be used to This demonstrates exothermic crystallisation of supersaturated solutions, investigate rates of cooling, the effects of filters and reflectors, inverse square which generate heat to warm hands. It is reusable and can be recharged by law and equilibrium between absorption and emission. Supplied with holder immersing the hand-warmer in very hot water until the contents are uniformly and storage box. fluid and then allowing it to cool. Weight: 66g. Dimensions (L x W): 98 x 87mm. HE43015 Quantity £39.98 set HE140100 £4.00 ea 4 516 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Forces & Motion PHYSICS Dynamics & Collisions Dynamics Track Newton’s Cradle (Collision Apparatus) Designed to provide a smooth flat easily inclinable surface for dynamics experiments using trolleys. This apparatus is designed to illustrate Newton’s third law of motion: action Complete with wooden side rails and plastic feet. and reaction forces act upon different bodies and are oppositely directed. The apparatus is also suitable for the demonstration of momentum conservation. The collision apparatus is supplied with five 25.4mm diameter nickel coated steel balls suspended by double strings in a robust wooden frame. Mass: 700g. Dimensions (L x W x H): 227 x 183 x 222mm. BEST SELLER FO91700 £74.94 ea FO91714 Length Width ✓ £121.35 ea FO91712 £152.96 ea 150 cm 30 cm 240 cm 30 cm Newton’s Cradle, Economy Flexiramp Apparatus for demonstration of Newton’s 3rd law of motion which says that This flexible plastic ramp can be used to create slopes and curved tracks for action and reaction are equal and opposite. use in dynamics experiments. Designed for use with small vehicles, the ramp comes with side rails to contain the vehicles. Tracks can be connected together The device is suitable for demonstration of momentum conservation. by unscrewing an endplate and joining to another track. Dimensions: Track Dimensions: 124 x 110 x 153 mm. Ball diameter 20 mm. runway length 1.2 metres; Usable width of track 95 mm. FO151642 £12.44 ea FO71710 £72.30 ea NEWTON’S LAWS 1st Law 1st Law 2nd Law Inertia Special F = ma Newton’s laws of motion are three physical laws that together laid the foundation for classical mechanics. They describe the Case relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and All its motion in response to said forces. They have been expressed in several different ways over nearly three centuries, and can be Matter summarised as follows. First law: When viewed in an inertial reference frame, an object FDt = -mDv F1 = -F2 either remains at rest or continues to move at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force. 3rd Law Second law: The vector sum of the forces F on an object is Equal & equal to the mass m of that object multiplied by the acceleration Opposite vector a of the object: F = ma. Third law: When one body exerts a force on a second body, the NEWTON’S LAWS second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body. The three laws of motion were first compiled by Isaac Newton in his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687. Newton used them to explain and investigate the motion of many physical objects and systems. For example, in the third volume of the text, Newton showed that these laws of motion, combined with his law of universal gravitation, explained Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 517

PHYSICS Forces & Motion Dynamics & Collisions continued Ticker Tape Timer, Economy Dynamics Trolley, Wooden Operates at 6 V AC and produces dots on the tape using a carbon paper disc at an electronically controlled frequency of 50 Hz. The unit is housed in a This high quality wooden trolley has three low-friction wheels, a strong spring rugged ABS case. Supplied with 40mm carbon paper discs and 15mm wide plunger and three dowel pegs. ticker tape. Several trolleys may be stacked on top of each other and are held in position using the dowel rods which fit into holes in the top & bottom of the trolleys. This allows the effective trolley mass to be doubled or tripled. Alternatively, masses may be placed on the flat surface on top of the trolleys. Mass: 870g. Dimensions (L x W x D): 290 x 140 x 90mm. FO81625 £65.66 ea £15.58 pk SPARES & ACCESSORIES Quantity Type Length Width 5 15 mm FO91710 £94.46 ea FO81626 Ticker Tape 30 metre Dynamics Trolley, Wooden Ticker Tape Timer A pair of identical wooden trolleys mounted on 3 low-friction wheels with This timer is very robust and features an adjustable spring loading mechanism spring plungers. The trolleys may be stacked on top of each other by the use of to ensure suitable ticker tape markings. Operates at 12 V AC. providing 50 Hz. pins (supplied). Dimensions (L): 300mm. Uses 50mm dia. carbon discs and 9.5mm wide tape. BEST SELLER BEST FO81650 ✓ £83.20 ea £28.50 pk TI30150 SELLER SPARES & ACCESSORIES Dimensions Quantity £8.70 pk ✓ £64.25 pr Type 30 m x 9.5 mm 5 FO81651 Ticker Tape 50 mm dia. 100 FO81652 Carbon paper Discs Dynamics Trolley, Plastic Ticker Timer, Premium These unique precision Dynamics Carts are ideal for all basic dynamics Premium quality ticker timer from Frederiksen, for investigating linear motion. experiments. Strong and rigid, they can take the weight of an adult without An electromagnet punches dots through carbon paper twice every AC 50 Hz bending or breaking. They can be loaded with house bricks or similar weights period, which marks dots on the ticker tape at an interval of 0.01 second for velocity, acceleration and collision experiments. (100 per second). The timer has safety sockets and 10 mm diameter holes with wing nuts for fixing to a retort stand etc. Each cart is complete with a firing button and a 2 position spring loaded firing shaft with a safety locking device to prevent accidental firing. A special bosshead with attached rod is available for fixing the ticker timer to a retort stand. A holder for the ticker tape is also available which allows the These carts run straight and true and the wheels are of low mass and low tape to be mounted and move freely on bearings, thus reducing friction and friction. Each is accurately calibrated to be 600€g and are stackable. The improving accuracy of results. approximate dimensions of the body are (LxWxH)€300€x€130€x€90€mm. Supplied as a pair. Requires a 6-8 V AC 50 Hz power supply and two 4 mm plug leads. Ticker tape and carbon discs are sold separately. Ticker tape measures 18 mm wide and is supplied in 325 m reels. Carbon discs measure 64 mm in diameter and are suppled in packs of 50. TI58710 £64.84 pr FO170700 Ticker Timer unit £162.44 ea FO170702 Ticker Tape Holder £49.94 ea 518 FO170704 Ticker Tape, 325 m £6.19 ea FO170706 Carbon Discs, pk 50 £9.38 pk FO170708 Bosshead with Rod £12.44 ea …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Forces & Motion PHYSICS Dynamics & Collisions continued Push/Pull Spring Balances Air Puck Soccer Disc A range of colour coded spring balances to investigate measurement of force involving either a push or pull action. Calibrated in grams and newtons. This battery powered air puck can be used for ‘frictionless’ demonstrations, in a similar way to the carbon dioxide (dry ice) pucks which used to be available. It is also a fun way to play ‘air hockey’ on any flat surface. Two discs can be used together for demonstrating collision between objects. With its powerful hover action, the air powered soccer disc literally floats on a cushion of air. The disk has a soft outer rim to prevent damage as well as improving rebounding from any object it collides with. Can be used indoors or out. Requires 4 x AA batteries (not included). Dimensions: 18 x 18 x 6 cm. Capacity Readability BA50648 250 g (2.5 N) 5 g (0.05 N) £5.01 ea BA50650 ✓ £5.01 ea BA50652 500 g (5 N) 10 g (0.1 N) BA50654 £5.01 ea BA50658 1 kg (10 N) 20 g (0.2 N) £5.01 ea BA50660 £5.01 ea FO170500 £15.63 ea BA50662 2 kg (20 N) 40 g (0.4 N) £5.01 ea £29.76 set 3 kg (30 N) 100 g (1 N) 5 kg (50 N) 100 g (1 N) Wireless XYZ Accelerometer Set of 6 Push/Pull Balances This innovative device comprises a 3-axis accelerometer, Bluetooth transceiver Bathroom Scales and rechargeable enclosed in a cube. It allows live, direct measurement of 2D and 3D acceleration on a computer, via the included USB Bluetooth dongle Bathroom Scales and software. Complete with zero adjuster and magnifying lens for easy reading. Measures The cube is printed such that it can be seen which physical axis corresponds to in kg. the acceleration measured in each direction. It measures just 23 mm on a side, so it can be attached easily to trolleys and vehicles such as air track riders. Also included is a spherical shell into which the cube can be secured, for investigations around rotation and pendulums. Data is captured via the USB Bluetooth dongle, which also serves as a docking station to recharge the cube. The software shows live data, and allows analysis and playback of the movement in 2D and 3D. • Acceleration range: ±2-16 g • Angular motion range: ±200-2000 °/s NEW FO180900 ✓ £224.94 ea Spring Balances BA01370 £15.63 ea Spring Balances Newtons Bathroom Scale NEW Colour-coded spring balances, in clear bodies with visible spring mechanisms. A robust bathroom scale, calibrated in Newtons. Calibrated in both newtons and grams. A B CD E FG NEW FO180400 Capacity Colour ✓ £2.44 ea BA180000 ✓ £23.69 ea FO180402 ✓ £2.44 ea FO180404 A 1 N (100 g) Brown ✓ £2.44 ea FO180406 B 2.5 N (250 g) Blue ✓ £2.44 ea FO180408 C 5 N (500 g) Turquoise ✓ £2.44 ea FO180410 D 10 N (1 kg) Taupe Grey ✓ £2.44 ea FO180412 E 20 N (2 kg) Red ✓ £2.44 ea FO180414 F 30 N (3 kg) Silver ✓ £14.94 set G 50 N (5 kg) Gold Set of each Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 519

PHYSICS Forces & Motion Forces Force Board Kit Force table The Force Board is a good way to introduce students to Newton’s Laws and vector addition, demonstrating the principles of the parallelogram and polygon This Force Table enables demonstrations and hands-on experimenting by of forces. students into the parallelogram of forces (vector addition of forces). The apparatus consists of a polypropylene table mounted on three legs, with three The board, pulleys and masses (all included) allow for easy set-up of free-running pulleys which can be fitted arbitrarily around the edge of the equilibrium conditions and consequent measurement of the forces involved. table. The magnitudes of the three acting forces can be altered using the three The background grid helps to visualise the direction of force and thereby to supplied slotted mass sets. calculate the resultant vector. The kit includes: The back board is bench-standing and hard-wearing, with a printed • Graduated scale and rotating protractor background grid, and has detachable feet for easy storage. The set includes • 3 legs ball bearing pulleys, three hooks, thread and a mass set. • Spirit level • Central locating ring Board dimensions: 40 x 55 cm (W x H) • Thread • 3 pulleys with clamps • 3 mass holders (10 g each) • 3 mass sets (each set comprises 1 x 50g, 5 x 20g, 1 x 10g, 2 x 5 g) FO170300 £69.45 ea FO170200 £107.59 kit PARALLELOGRAM LAW Parallelogram of Forces Apparatus OF FORCES A larger version Force Board, useful for demonstrating parallelogram of forces The parallelogram law requires the two forces to be adjacent. Another / relationship between forces acting at a point. The apparatus comprises a way of constructing the parallelogram is to place the origin of the second sturdy board approximately 60cm x 50cm, 2 x 50mm diameter clamping vector at the terminal point of the first. Because parallelograms have pulleys, 12 x 50g slotted masses and 3 mass hangers. opposite sides that are congruent, the result remains the same. Although construction and measurement of the resulting vector provides a close approximation to the resulting forces, mathematically, it is possible to solve for the resultant force using either the sine law or the cosine law from geometry. Physics views forces as vector quantities. They have both magnitude and direction. If two forces act on an object in the same direction, the vectors add. When three forces act on an object from multiple directions, the physicist determines the resultant of two forces and repeats the procedure using the vectors for the first resultant and the third force. LINKED To help you with your ordering, see also... Pulleys (page 530) and PRODUCTS Masses (page 525) FO170400 £44.45 ea 520 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Forces & Motion PHYSICS Friction Centre of Gravity Apparatus Kit Inclined Plane and Friction Board A simple and economical way to demonstrate the geometrical centre of gravity of two-dimensional objects, this apparatus comprises a clear Perspex rod For demonstrating the composition of a force and for determining the mounted on a base, with a suspension screw at the top and four clear acrylic coefficients of friction between different materials. Comprising of a wooden shapes - circular, triangular, square and trapezoid. Each shape has suspension base, hinged inclined plane and pulley. Angles can be set between 24 and holes at various points around the edges. The point of intersection of lines 45 degrees approx. Supplied with cylindrical metal roller and scale pan. drawn vertically down from the Dimensions (L x W x H): 600 x 75 x 19mm. suspension point of 2 or more holes gives the centre of gravity for each shape. For non-permanent markings, lines can be drawn using dry-wipe pens or similar. TI58760 £52.65 ea FO130515 £27.29 kit F Bubble Cylinder Pendulum Balls This bubble cylinder offers a compact and low-cost version of a tank filled with A solid metal sphere with small hook. liquid to observe and measure the behaviour of air bubbles injected at the base (or bubbles of other gases). Useful for investigating viscosity of fluids - liquids AB C of differing viscosity can be placed in the tube and the speed and behaviour of air/gas bubbles can be measured and observed. Bubbles are injected at the base from a syringe connected via a flexible tube. DE FO130505 £38.53 ea TI15770 Type Diameter Quantity £12.38 pk TI15771 £21.34 pk TI15772 A Lead 13 mm 10 £23.54 pk TI15773 B Lead 19 mm 10 TI15774 C Lead 25 mm 10 £1.31 ea TI15775 D Brass 13 mm 1 £2.16 ea E Brass 19 mm 1 £7.36 ea F Brass 25 mm 1 Gravity Pendulum Wave Apparatus Balancing Bird The pendulum wave is both attention grabbing, and a great demonstration of simple harmonic motion. The balancing bird which appears to defy gravity! A useful and fun introduction to centre of gravity, the bird balances on its beak but can still move on the pivot The apparatus comprises a row of 15 steel ball pendula of different lengths so point. that they will swing at a unique frequency. The frame is minimalist in design, so the apparatus can be viewed from the front or side to best effect. Using the supplied wooden board, the pendula are raised to the same height, and then released simultaneously. At first, they will all be in the same position, but as they start to swing out of phase due to their different natural frequency, they will begin to form beautiful patterns, before eventually returning to swing in phase again. Hypnotic to watch, it will leave students asking for an explanation as to how it works! Dimensions (L x W x H): approx. 40 x 15 x 22 cm FO130500 £8.11 ea FO170100 £25.31 ea Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 521

PHYSICS Forces & Motion Gravity continued ‘g’ Ball ‘g’ by Freefall Apparatus Kit The simplest way possible to measure ‘g’ by Free Fall! This innovative ‘baseball’ allows easy measurement of the acceleration due to gravity - at a This premium apparatus, from Frederiksen, allows accurate and reproducable very cost effective price. free fall experiments to be carried out. The release mechanism at the top The ball contains an integral digital timer, which can display times between sends a start pulse to the timer when the ball is released, and a stop pulse is 0.01 to 29.99 seconds. Simply hold down the button to zero the display then generated when the ball hits the contact plate at the bottom. release the ball from your hand at a known height above the ground. Timing starts when the ball is released and stops when it hits the floor. Although the • Connections via standard 4 mm safety connectors mechanism is well protected it is advisable to drop the ball onto a soft surface, • No external power supply required so no risk of overheated coils such as a grassed area or carpeted floor. Maximum vertical drop is about • Four gold-plated steel balls and a ping-pong ball with metal thumb tacks 12 metres, depending on the landing surface. • included The ‘g’ ball timer is powered by 2 x SR54 button cells, which are replaceable. Comes complete with batteries. Dimensions (Dia.): 100mm. Includes a mirror to minimize parallax errors Examples of experiments using the ‘g’-ball: Requires separate timer (FO140110), stand and cables (not included). 1. Determine the acceleration due to gravity. 2. How high is this ceiling/stairway/ building 3. Release the ball from a certain height. Repeat the experiment from the same height but now throw the ball sideways and compare the results. FO140105 £131.19 kit Student Timer This high quality timer, from Frederiksen, is particularly suitable for experiments such as ‘g’ by free fall and speed of sound, as well as other experiments where accurate timing is required. Inputs are via DIN 6 pole connectors (for Frederiksen photocells and microphones) or 4 mm safety sockets (for free fall experiments or other equipment). Compatible with the following equipment: •• SO150400 microphone TI170200 photogate • TI170100 speedgate • FO140105 freefall apparatus • Range: 0.03 ms to 27 hours • Resolution: 0.01 ms • 5 digit LED display with floating decimal point • Manually controlled stopwatch option • Accepts start and stop signals from microphones, photocells or any on/ • off switch connected to the 4 mm sockets Power: 6 x AA batteries or mains adapter (included) FO140110 £281.19 ea Retort Rod, Extra Long Mild steel rod. Ideal for use with ‘g’ by freefall, allowing a clear drop of 2 metres. Tapped hole. 10 x 1.5mm screwthread. ST96270 Length Diameter £22.44 ea FO120900 £26.23 ea 2.1 metre 12 mm 522 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Forces & Motion PHYSICS Gravity continued Projectile Launcher Kit, Advanced Guinea & Feather Apparatus This durable Projectile Launcher, of aluminium construction with hardened steel latches, has a string release trigger mechanism with 2 bore sights and pivots Apparatus to show the equality of acceleration under gravity from horizontal to 90°. It comes with a 19mm diameter ball which is easy to between light and heavy objects in the absence of air resistance. place in the launch position. Trajectories vary less than 1 cm because the ball Comprises a 100 cm acrylic tube with bungs at either end. does not spin when launched. The apparatus includes an assembled spring A valve with stopcock at one end allows a vacuum pump to be loaded gun, two balls of aluminium, an integral protractor and plumb line and attached, and the air evacuated from the tube. Inside the tube comes complete with operating instructions. is a coin, and a piece of paper (various laws prevent supply of a Weight: 1.74kg. Dimensions (L x W x H): 40 x 10 x 18cm. feather for this apparatus). When air is in the tube, the coin falls quickly but the paper is subject to air resistance and falls more slowly. With the air evacuated, the only force acting is gravity, so the two fall at equal rate, despite the difference in weight. The famous experiment on the Moon with a hammer and feather can be seen here: http://timstar.co/HammerFeather NEW TI180788 ✓ £43.69 ea Monkey & Hunter FO130520 £58.39 kit This fun and useful apparatus helps to demonstrate the ‘Monkey and Hunter’ Projectiles experiment, to show how gravity affects projectile motion. The apparatus consists of a projectile ‘gun’ which fires a ping pong ball (‘bullet’) and a model Vacuum Bazooka animal (‘monkey’) on an electromagnet release mechanism. The monkey is released at exactly the same time as the ball is fired, so should the gun be This ‘Vacuum Bazooka’ offers a fun way to demonstrate air pressure and aimed directly at the monkey or just below it to allow for the distance it falls? projectile velocity. The apparatus consists of a clear acrylic tube which is open Theory and practice will show that the gun should be aimed directly at the at both ends but has a paper ‘seal’ in place at one end (e.g. a post-it note), monkey, as both ball and monkey will fall at the same rate due to gravitational and a vacuum cleaner hose attached via a side opening. Once switched force. on, the vacuum cleaner creates a reduction in air pressure at that end of the tube and a lightweight projectile can be released at the other end. Due to FO71860 £146.30 kit the difference in air pressure at each end of the tube, when the projectile is SPARES & ACCESSORIES £11.26 ea released it accelerates towards the paper seal. The momentum created allows FO71862 Spare Monkey £27.25 ea it to burst through the seal and out the end of the tube at quite high velocity - FO71864 Solenoid & PCB travelling for 5 metres or more. Altering the mass of the projectile allows further study of acceleration, momentum etc. Apparatus includes 50 cm x 50 mm Falling Bodies Apparatus acrylic tube with tapered vacuum hose adapter and customised projectiles. The paper seal is held in place simply by placing over the tube end, once the This simple but effective apparatus demonstrates that two projectiles vacuum cleaner is switched. Apparatus requires a vacuum cleaner with hose. launched at the same time, but with different trajectories, will hit the ground at the same time due to the force of gravity. In this case, one steel sphere is launched horizontally from a spring-loaded L-shaped arm at the same time as an identical steel sphere is allowed to fall freely from the same height, but vertically. Both spheres will hit the ground at the same time. Launching mechanism is mounted on a wooden block, which can be clamped to a bench top, and comes complete with 2 steel spheres. The wooden block also incorporates an integral storage pocket for the spheres. Dimensions: 180 x 60 x 30 mm. FO170900 £21.73 ea FO71875 £68.35 ea Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 523

PHYSICS Forces & Motion NEW A B Levers & Moments K’NEX Moment of Force Apparatus K’nex Forces, Energy & Motion Set Self-contained apparatus for study of moments. Comprising a high-quality The Forces, Energy and Motion set offers an exciting, hands on opportunity aluminium stand, metre rule, three knife-edge sliders with hooks, two mass to address fundamental physical science concepts. The set includes 4 spring hangers, eight slotted masses 1-500 g, and a storage wrack. No additional motors, plus instructions to build 4 of any one of these models simultaneously: apparatus such as retort stands required, and can be set up in ‘moments’. rubber band roller, rubber band racer, spring motor turbo. Additional knife-edge sliders can be purchased if required. Includes an 80-page educator guide with 8 extensive lesson plans. Supports 12-16 students working in teams of 3-4. Kit contains 442 pieces. Type FO180000 ✓ £56.19 ea FO180002 A Moment of Force Kit ✓ £2.44 ea B Knife Edge Clamp Balancing Beam Kit The balancing beam kit contains 5 sets of pre-drilled wooden beams with a central pivot and brass hooks to slot into the holes. The brass hooks are used to support slotted masses (not included) and the pivot is clamped into a retort boss head for support. Contents: 5 each of balance beams and pivots plus 10 brass hooks; enough for 5 groups or individual students. FO71800 £67.74 kit DE71020 £124.94 set Levers Kit K’nex Roller Coaster Physics Set This levers kit contains 5 sets of levers and accessories for students to 2,037 piece set to build 11 different classic roller coaster designs, including: investigate levers and moments. Each set includes a lever with precisely placed A large roller coaster with Clothoid loop; Half pipes (with loops); Inclined pre-drilled holes mounted on a plastic saddle, pivot rod and mounting base, planes (with curves and loops); Ball ramps. Build two large models along with 10 g mass carriers which slot into the lever holes. Each set requires simultaneously. One motor Included. a set of 10g slotted masses (not included). Contents: 5 x lever kits. A 59-page teacher’s guide includes 9 full lesson plans. Supports up to 8 students. All stored in 1 large tray. FO71805 £74.94 kit Levers Kit This kit allows students to investigate levers and how they work. Five graduated beams, each 600mm long, are grooved across the centre of one side, at the fulcrum point, and also at regular intervals along the other side. Includes 4 fulcrums and 40 25 x 25mm metal squares to act as weights for balancing. FO91722 £70.30 kit KN93330 £254.00 set 524 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Forces & Motion PHYSICS Masses Brass Mass Sets Mixed Mass Set with Tray Slotted. Circular with hole and slot 1€% tolerance. A set of 9 masses - 3 coated steel and 6 brass - mounted in a plastic tray for storage and visual comparison. This set offers a useful means both to visualise and to compare different masses, as well as providing mass combinations from 10 g to 1990 g in 10 g increments. Contents: 2 x 10g, 20g, 50g, 2 x 100g, 200g, 500g & 1kg masses plus moulded tray. MA18834 Mass £23.03 set MA170850 £19.85 ea MA170820 9x 100 g + 100 g hanger £12.28 ea MA18832 50 g MA18830 20 g £8.55 set 9x€10 g + 10 g€hanger £18.35 set 5, 10, 20, 50 & 200 g £3.63 ea MA170000 £31.95 set Separate Brass Slotted £2.34 ea Masses and Hangers £1.44 ea £1.02 ea Brass masses and hangers made to 1% £0.71 ea tolerance. £4.45 ea £3.21 ea Steel Masses, Slotted Set £1.94 ea £1.30 ea Economical but good quality slotted mass set made from coated steel alloy. Set £27.99 ea comprises 1 x 100g mass hanger plus 9 x 100g masses. Tolerance ±5%. £15.91 ea £11.65 ea MA18856 Type Mass £7.18 ea MA18854 £12.43 ea MA18852 Mass 100 g £14.29 ea MA18850 Mass 50 g MA18848 Mass 20 g MA18846 Mass 10 g MA18844 Mass 5g MA18842 Hanger 100 g MA18840 Hanger 50 g Hanger 20 g Hanger 10 g Type Mass Quantity Slotted Masses and Hangers - Iron MA104056 Steel Masses Set 1 kg 1 £12.69 set Each hanger will hold up to 17 masses of 1kg. MA104050 5 £6.14 pk MA104052 Masses 100 g 5 £7.57 pk Mass hangers 100 g Alloy Masses Slotted alloy masses. Tolerance ±2 %. Sets comprise 9 masses and 1 hanger of equal mass. MA18888 Type Mass MA18886 MA18884 Mass 5 kg MA18882 Mass 2 kg MA18880 Mass 1 kg MA170900 Mass 500 g Hanger 1 kg Hanger 500 g Hexagonal Masses Iron, with ring. MA65110 Type Mass £14.86 set MA170950 Type Mass £25.94 ea MA170050 £15.63 set MA18820 £19.80 ea MA170020 Set 10x 100 g MA18818 Mass 5 kg ✓ £9.80 ea MA170010 Set 10x 50 g £8.29 set MA18816 Mass 2 kg ✓ £7.24 ea MA170101 Set 10x 20 g £5.79 set MA18814 Mass 1 kg MA170051 Set 10x 10 g £1.50 ea MA18812 Mass 500 g £4.86 ea MA170021 Mass 100 g £1.61 ea MA18810 Mass 200 g £4.61 ea MA170011 Mass 50 g £1.04 ea Mass 100 g £4.21 ea MA170102 Mass 20 g £0.71 ea Mass 50 g MA170052 Mass 10 g £3.93 ea MA170022 Hanger 100 g £2.68 ea MA170012 Hanger 50 g £2.15 ea Hanger 20 g £1.96 ea Hanger 10 g Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 525

PHYSICS Forces & Motion A B NEW Linear Air Tracks Linear Air Track, Compact Linear Air Track Kit, Full Length The air track measures 1.2 metres and is made from high strength 56 x 56 mm A precision machined, 2 metre linear air track, of lightweight yet durable extruded aluminium. Includes instruction manual and accessory kit which aluminium extrusion construction. The length is drilled with holes, such that when attached to a blower, a near-frictionless surface is created. •••••e••naMPSFCVKbooHeioonltrleMnoetecissencoteiiitcntnairyavvenoleandnseteitnaoilrgeegcnavcryetgeoiolylfenaernanodtefi:orignnyclined planes The track rests on three adjustable feet, so it can be made perfectly horizontal with respect to gravity. The kit includes a set of accessories for wide range of investigations: ••••••••••••• FO150710 A £237.50 ea 2 sliders 10 bolt and wing nuts 2 100 g Aluminium Riders 4 spring attachments guide 1 50 g Aluminium Rider 4 spring/string attachments 4 50 g Masses 4 springs 4 25 g Masses 2 Velcro attachments 3 Spring Bumpers 2 pulleys, 2 strings 2 Velcro Bumpers 4 slotted masses & hanger 4 End Bumpers 8 photogate flags 3 Connecting Brackets 2 photogate arms 2 End Brackets 1 latching cradle/bumper 2 Low Friction Pulleys 4 masses for the sliders 2 Springs Assembly instructions & experiment 4 Rubber Bands Air blower FO180615 sold separately. 1 Spool of Thread 1 Bucket FO180610 B ✓ £374.94 ea 13 Thumbscrews Blower for Full Length Linear Air Track Kit A blower specifically for the FO180610 air track. NEW Air Track Blower Air track blower suitable for use with the compact linear air track FO150710. Please note this blower is not powerful enough for larger air tracks. FO150715 £250.00 ea FO180615 ✓ £224.94 ea 526 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Forces & Motion PHYSICS A Linear Air Track, Premium Air Track Blower, Premium A superb quality air track made from a square section aluminium extrusion Extremely quiet air blower with continuously adjustable speed for use with the with supporting “U” channel. Linearity is +/- 0.03mm. Suitable for elastic and premium air track TI68740. Complete with 1.7 metre hose. Mains supply: 220- inelastic collisions, momentum, speed and acceleration measurement. The 240 V AC. Mass: 5.7 kg. Dimensions (L x W x H): 280 x 250 x 210mm. track rests on three rubber feet, two of which can be adjusted. Each side has a scale graduated in mm. The track is supplied with two carts and a standard accessory set. Additional accessories available on request. Dimensions (L): 2 metres. FO180615 Standard Accessory Set contains: FO180615 • Fork with plug connectors (3) • Holder with plate and plug connectors (3) • Holder with needle and plug connector (1) • Tube with wax and plug connector (1) • Holder with hook and plug connections (1) • 25 and 100mm Apertures with plug connectors (1) • Weights 50g for carts (4) TI68742 £312.50 ea • Pulley with connectors (1) and B Frederiksen Photo Gate carts (2). This Photogate Unit is specially designed to be used together with the Electronic TI68740 A £512.50 kit Counter or timer FO140110. It can be used as an optical switch, activated £112.44 set when the light beam is broken and for pendulum period measurements, air SPARES & ACCESSORIES track timing, measuring period of rotation etc. FO110105 B Air track accessory set £24.94 ea FO130510 The unit is made from impact-resistant plastic with threads for vertical and Spare cart horizontal mounting using the supplied 10 mm diameter support post. Mounted Timing flag for Premium Air Track The Photogate Unit is supplied with a powerful red transmitter diode, in front of which is a 1 mm slit, and two LEDs on the sides of the unit (red for transmitter, Interrupter flag for use with premium air track when green for receiver), indicating the function. carrying out speed/acceleration/timing experiments with photo/light gate(s). The flags come mounted on a 4 mm The Photogate Unit can be connected directly to the DIN sockets of the counter plug, for direct attachment via socket at top of air track and additional photocells can be daisy-chained and connected to the same carts. counter input, for measurement of acceleration etc. Dimensions: 160 x 120 x 28 mm (W x H x D). Gap width: 90 mm. TI170700 Length Weight £7.44 ea TI170200 £106.19 ea TI170702 £7.44 ea 25 mm 5g 100 mm 10 g Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 527

PHYSICS Forces & Motion Timing Electronic Counter Student Timer This top quality universal counter and timer from Frederiksen features a large digital display, making it suitable for use as a demonstration counter/timer. It This high quality timer, from Frederiksen, is particularly suitable for experiments can be used in conjunction with microphones, photo cells, electrical impulses such as ‘g’ by free fall and speed of sound, as well as other experiments where and switches. The inbuilt memory function makes it ideal for use with collision accurate timing is required. tests etc. and the unit includes a frequency counter and pulse. The counter has Inputs are via DIN 6 pole connectors (for Frederiksen photocells and microphones) been specially designed for classroom counting and timing experiments. or 4 mm safety sockets (for free fall experiments or other equipment). Compatible with the following equipment: Features • SO150400 microphone • Start/Stop: Electronic stopwatch function with a time resolution down to • TI170200 photogate • 0.01 ms • TI170100 speedgate • FO140105 freefall apparatus Collision: For collision experiments (conservation of momentum). • Range: 0.03 ms to 27 hours • Measures up to 4 passage times using two photocells • Resolution: 0.01 ms Acceleration: Using two photocells, it measures passage times and the • 5 digit LED display with floating decimal point • Manually controlled stopwatch option • time between photocells • Accepts start and stop signals from microphones, photocells or any on/ Period: Measures a signal’s period length. For pendulum experiments • off switch connected to the 4 mm sockets using photocells, the counter can be set to ignore every second impulse, to obtain the correct cycle time Power: 6 x AA batteries or mains adapter (included) • Frequency: Measures frequencies between 0.01 Hz and 1.25 MHz • Count: Counts (typically radioactivity) either with manual start and stop or for fixed time intervals Stopwatch Simple start/stop-function; Velocities before and after collisions; Acceleration; Period; Frequency counter. Counter Counting with manual timing; Counting for 1, 10, 60 or 100 seconds; Single or repeated count. FO140110 £281.19 ea Timer & Photogate Kit Comprising a FO140110 Student Timer, and two TI170200 Photogates. Ideal for setups with air tracks, dynamics tracks, or other timing experiments which require light gates. NEW TI170300 £656.25 ea Electronic Counter & Photogate Bundle Comprising a TI170300 Electronic Counter, and two TI170200 Photogates. Allowing study of collisions, oscillations, and other advanced experiments in dynamics. NEW FO180100 ✓ £474.94 kit TI180310 ✓ £849.94 kit 528 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Forces & Motion PHYSICS Timing continued Millisecond Timer Frederiksen Speedgate This timer is most suited for an investigational approach for students to gain a sound understanding of the concepts of time and motion. Two pairs of sockets A double photogate with built-in timer and display, which is capable of precise alternately start and stop the timer, one pair operating in make mode, the other speed measurements, in addition to all the usual tasks of a single photogate. in break mode. The start/stop switches can be either mechanical or electronic. The timer is auto-ranging for ease of use and has a clear 13mm digital display • Incorporates timer with display – no separate timer required and has a robust metal case with a durable powder coat finish. An illuminated • Easy to operate on/off switch is mounted on the rear panel adjacent to a fused appliance inlet. • Double light barrier – direct readout of speed • Laser optics give high precision measurements • Electrical Supply: 220-240V AC 50-60Hz • Expandable with external sensors (e.g. microphones) • Dimensions (W x L x H): 179 x 190 x 85mm • Use two SpeedGates for all the traditional collision experiments • Mass: 1.6kg • Several SpeedGates can be daisy chained • Ranges: 0 to 9.999s; 10 to 99.99s; 100 to 999.9s; 1000 to 9999s • Pendulum period mode prevents off-by-one errors • Accuracy: ±0.01% • Auto rotating display TI110900 £144.57 ea Speedgate can be used as a stand-alone unit or a pair can be used to carry out all the experiments you can do with two traditional photogates and a universal Light Gate (Photo Timing Gate) timer plus much more: with the precisely spaced double laser system you get speed readings without length measurements or calculations. The traditional For use as a light operated timing gate. Comprises photodetector and light passage time measurements are still possible, if preferred, for teaching source each housed in a robust ABS case spaced 40mm apart on a plastic rod. purposes. Light source housing has battery compartment and on/off switch. Photodetector The display divides into two parts giving you immediate access to all results. An housing is fitted with a pair of 4mm sockets to allow connection to electronic adjacent status area shows when light rays are blocked, the state of external timers. When the timing gate is switched on it creates a short circuit between inputs etc. the two output sockets, this then becomes an open circuit each time the light SpeedGate is battery powered so can be used as a stand-alone unit - no cables beam is interrupted. Consequently the timing gate can be used as a remote are required. However, the apparatus can also be powered via a USB cable if switching device in a wide range of dynamics experiments. preferred. It is operated using three pushbuttons, which control primary mode, secondary mode and reset. The reset button also functions as a power switch. The primary and secondary modes each correspond to one part of the display. Suggested experiments: • Kinematics of uniformly accelerated motion • ‘g’ by freefall • Newton’s second law • One-dimensional elastic and inelastic collisions • Mathematical pendulum • Speed of sound (requires 2 x SO150400 microphones) Two SpeedGates can be used for collision experiments; the double display will show the two latest measurements. Connect two (or more) SpeedGates together, using the Speedgate Cable, to measure the time interval between the gates e.g. for acceleration experiments. The whole chain is reset with one button press. The timer functions can even be used with external signals e.g. two microphones (SO86270) and a SpeedGate makes a complete setup for measuring the speed of sound. Easy to work with – the display even orients itself automatically when rotated. The Bundle TI180110 comprises two Speedgate units & a connecting cable. BEST SELLER TI170100 Type ✓ £306.25 ea Speedgate unit £2.81 ea SPARES & ACCESSORIES ✓ £412.44 ea TI96420 £62.47 ea TI170102 Connecting cable TI180110 Timing Bundle Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 529

PHYSICS Forces & Motion Pulleys Rod and Bench Mounting Pulley Pulleys, mixed pack Pulley mounted in a robust frame with two clamping screws for mounting onto a bench up to 38mm thick or a standard retort rod. Dimensions (Dia.): 70mm. A set of 3 rigid plastic pulleys, one each of single, double and triple pulleys with 48 mm diameter wheels. PU12720 £12.18 ea PU160300 £6.57 set Bench Mounting Pulley Pulley mounted in a metal frame. Suitable for clamping to bench, table etc. up to approx. 30mm thick. Dimensions (Dia.): 50mm. Pulleys, Premium 50 mm diameter aluminium wheels in metal frames, accurately centred. PU12722 £17.08 ea Twine, Cotton Red cotton thread suitable for pulleys, pendulum bobs etc. 125g spool. PU12700 Type £2.07 ea PU12705 £3.88 ea PU12710 Single £5.14 ea Double Triple Bench Pulley - Clamp Fitting Aluminium pulley, cone bearing, mounted in metal frame clamping to table or board up to 25mm thick. Dimensions (Dia.): 50mm ST96250 £5.91 ea Twine, Cotton Hard laid cotton line. Dimensions (L): 18 metres. PU12716 £13.29 ea Rod Mounting Pulley ST96254 £1.49 ea Cone bearing pulley mounted in an aluminium boss and clamping screw. Fits Twine, Braided Nylon all standard retort rods. Pulley Dimensions (Dia.): 50mm. Boss Dimensions: (L x W x D): 100 x 20 x 20mm. Braided nylon line. Dimensions (L): 18 metres. PU12718 £12.80 ea ST96258 £1.44 ea 530 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Forces & Motion PHYSICS Rockets Rocket Factory Kit £274.94 kit £3.83 ea Starchaser Rocket Science Workshop Kit Design and make your own realistic rockets and launch them safely to heights of up to The Starchaser Rocket Workshop is an exciting kit that gives high school 100 metres. The rockets are made by rolling students the opportunity to take on the role of rocket scientist for the day. Rocket paper around a plastic tube and attaching a Workshop provides students with the necessary materials and resources to build plastic nose cone. They are propelled using an and safely launch 10 flying model rockets that are powered by real rocket fuel. electrically-controlled compressed air launcher This activity can be carried out either in groups (working in pairs is ideal) or by which gives near-chemical performance but individual students to create a truly unique learning experience. The rockets are at zero cost per launch. Provides opportunities launched electronically via remote control, travel hundreds of metres into the for exploring basic rocket science - enhancing air and then return safely via parachute. subject teaching in design and technology, Should attain heights of around 400 feet / 122 metres. Includes full risk science and maths. assessment and Mylar parachute to return the rocket to the user! Spare Contains launcher and key switch ‘firing’ unit. replenishment kit available to allow rockets to be re-used - see below. All parts Uses any cycle or car foot pump (not supplied) are replaceable if required. Please contact customer services for details and and requires 2 alkaline PP3 batteries. prices. Please note: packs of plastic nose cones are Also required but not included: 4 x AA alternative batteries, PVA glue and available separately. sandpaper. RO95655 •Kit includes: 10 x Starchaser Star Voyager™ rocket kits (each assembled rocket SPARES & ACCESSORIES measures 500mm tall x 62mm diameter with a fin span of 177mm) BA01970 PP3 Battery • 10 x “D Power” rocket motors Rocket Spares, Nose Cones • 10 x rocket motor igniters • 1 x large pack recovery wadding A pack of assorted coloured soft plastic nose cones to fit rockets made with the • 1 x multiple use launch pad 21.5mm diameter mandrels. • 1 x electronic launch controller • Full instructions RO95658 Quantity £12.11 pk 30 Rocket Spares, Rolling Mandrel £2.24 ea RO110900 £499.94 kit To fit the 21.5mm dia. launch tube of the Rocket Factory. SPARES & ACCESSORIES £1.95 pk BA01983 2 x AA Batteries RO95660 Rotational Forces Gyroscope Original all metal Gyroscope complete with pull cord and stand. Starchaser Rocket Replenishment Kit TI15760 £12.76 ea Kit of replacement consumables for the Starchaser rocket kits to enable the rockets to be re-used. Contents include rocket motors, igniters and recovery wadding. Enough for 10 rockets. RO120100 £124.94 kit Water Rocket Kit (Rokit) Euler’s Disc The kit makes use of an empty 1 or 1.5 L lemonade Euler’s Disc (pronounced ‘Oiler’) is a fascinating physics ‘toy’ that is or cola plastic bottle. The special cap, nozzle and mesmerising to watch. It can be used as an example of a dynamic system and fins supplies are attached to the bottle. An air tube has similar physics to that of a gyroscope. and adapter are supplied to connect the bottle to a cycle pump. The bottle is part filled with water and The set consists of a base, which is a slightly concave mirror, and a heavy, air pumped into the bottle. The pump connector on chromed, 8cm diameter metal disc which is spun on the base. Also included the bottle releases at a set pressure and the rocket are a number of magnetic holographic decals which can be attached to the is then launched. The rocket will reach a height of disc to enhance the effect of the spinning action. When the disc is set spinning approximately 20 metres. The bottle and cycle pump on the base (like spinning a coin) it both spins and rolls (spolls), gradually are not supplied, all spares available. Complete with changing in motion until it finally comes to an abrupt stop - known as a finite- full instructions. time singularity. This is accompanied by a whirring sound of rapidly increasing frequency and is quite spectacular! The disc has a precision polished, slightly rounded edge to maximize the spinning/rolling time. A coin spun on a table will not spin for all that long whereas Euler’s Disc, by contrast, spins for a long time before coming to rest. To get a better understanding and appreciation of the effect, watch one of the videos on YouTube! RO12950 £11.51 kit FO120110 £28.23 ea SPARES & ACCESSORIES £5.25 ea RO12951 Experimental Booklet (18 pages) £2.15 ea RO110100 White cap and ‘O’ ring £1.17 ea RO110105 Red fin (1 only) £2.11 ea RO110110 Black nozzle Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 531

PHYSICS Forces & Motion Rotational Forces continued Table Tennis Balls Rotary Investigation Tub of 72 table tennis balls. Diameter: 40 mm. This rotary investigation apparatus allows students to explore all aspects of rotary motion in a simple but effective way. The apparatus can be used to demonstrate: rotary motion; centripetal force; orbits and satellite motion. Investigate: how force varies with speed; how speed varies with radius; how speed varies with mass. Supplied with full instructions. SP160700 Colour £12.44 pk SP160705 £12.44 pk White Orange FO71885 £46.20 ea Tennis Balls Green tennis balls. Suitable for investigating elastic collisions. Circular Motion Apparatus This Circular Motion Apparatus comprises a small DC motor mounted at the end of a suspension rod and includes three different rubber balls with suspension chains. For demonstrating the laws of uniform circular motion. Instructions included. SP160400 £1.85 ea Polystyrene Spheres FO170000 £124.94 ea SP30852 Diameter Quantity £13.69 pk £2.07 pk SP158000 £1.53 pk Tornado in a Bottle SP30853 25 mm 100 £4.36 pk SP30854 30 mm 10 £6.19 pk These fizzy drinks bottle connectors, consisting of a SP180150 35 mm 25 simple plug-in plastic joiner, enable water to pour from 40 mm 25 ✓ £5.56 ea one bottle into another - creating an impressive vortex if 150 mm 1 £15.11 ea the top bottle is shaken with an orbital movement (bottles not supplied). Styrocell Beads Spherical polystyrene beads are the ‘raw’ material for expanded polystyrene (when heated to the correct temperature they expand to about 40 times their size). Useful for ‘frictionless’ experiments (best contained within a tray!) or for simulating fluids and fluid behaviour. Supplied in a tub. LP93700 Quantity 5 Spheres SP96220 Diameter Mass 0.5 mm 500 g Table Tennis Balls Glass Spheres Pack of 6 white balls. Diameter: 40 mm. Supplied in a bottle. Quantities will vary dependent on diameter of sphere. SP13853 Quantity £3.13 pk SP13840 Diameter Quantity £10.50 ea 6 SP13842 £10.50 ea SP13844 3 mm 500 g £10.50 ea 5 mm 500 g 8 mm 500 g 532 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Forces & Motion PHYSICS Spheres continued Extension Springs, Economy Marbles Closely wounded steel extension springs with loops at both sides. 19 swg wire. Diameter: 6 mm (approx.) Coloured glass. Contains 18 standard 17mm marbles and one large 25mm marble. NEW SP13850 Quantity £1.63 pk SP180100 Length Spring Constant ✓ £3.69 pk 19 SP180102 ✓ £3.69 pk 15 cm 87 N/m 10 cm 167 N/m Ball Bearings Extension Springs BEST Chrome plated steel. A range of extension springs with a known spring constant. SELLER SP13854 Diameter Quantity £8.86 pk SP170100 Length Diameter Spring ✓ £6.50 ea SP13855 £4.54 pk SP170102 Constant £3.69 ea SP13856 6 mm 100 £5.93 pk SP170104 115 mm 11 mm 2.1 N/m SP13857 12 mm 10 £8.28 pk SP170106 74 mm 11 mm 3.2 N/m £13.69 ea SP13858 16 mm 10 £11.56 pk SP170108 155 mm 27 mm 4.7 N/m £9.94 ea 20 mm 5 33 mm 31 mm 5.0 N/m £4.06 ea 25 mm 5 32 mm 11 mm 8.4 N/m Springs Extension Spring Set Extension Springs, Short A set of five springs of the same length but with different spring constants. Each have an eye at one end and a hook at the other. For demonstrating Hooke’s Law. 20€x€16€mm, approximately 30€N/m. Spring constants are: 2.5, 6.0, 10, 15, and 26€N/m. BEST SELLER SP13863 Quantity ✓ £9.75 pk SP170110 £10.63 set 100 Wire Helix, (Slinky) Extension Springs, Long Flat section steel wire in helical coil. Closely wound steel springs with loops at each end. SP13860 Diameter Quantity £12.55 pk SP13866 Length Diameter £5.91 ea 6 mm 10 SP13867 ✓ £7.34 ea SO120115 50 mm 75 mm 100 mm 75 mm £9.54 ea 165 mm 75 mm Extension Spring, Extra Long Slinky Spring on Wooden Stand This extra long spring is a great tool for demonstrating transverse and A Slinky-type spring for wave demonstration, with wooden longitudinal waves, reflection of pulses, standing waves, etc. The demonstration storage stand. Stand helps protect spring in storage and keep can be done by hand or the spring can be attached to a vibration generator. in good condition. Closed Spring Dimensions (Dia. x L): 72 x Closed Dimensions (L x Dia.): 3 metres x 14mm. Extended Dimensions 220mm. Base Dimensions (L x W x H): 150 x 150 x 355mm. (L x Dia.): 10 metres x 14mm. SP130500 £18.73 ea SO110125 £21.59 ea Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 533

PHYSICS Molecules in Motion Dry Ice Maker Brownian Motion Apparatus The Dry Ice maker produces individual pellets of dry ice from a Carbon dioxide For the observation of Brownian Motion in smoke particles through a syphon cylinder which has an internal dip tube. Small pellets of dry ice can microscope. Two types are available; the standard Smoke Cell, which has a be made whenever and wherever they are required. The unit is screwed onto convex side window to focus the light into the centre of the cell and the Laser the outlet oOf naceCOth2e syphon cylinder and is operated by opening and closing Smoke Cell where a laser beam is passed through the cell and light reflected the valve. pellet is made and the cylinder valve is closed, the nylon from smoke cell particles is reflected into the field of view. The base units have wrapper is peeled back revealing the dry ice pellet, which can be removed a velvet cover to protect the microscope stage. wearing protective gloves. Takes approx. 1 minute for the production of one 30g pellet. Suitable microscopes are the Motic SFC-3A range (MI10434 and MI10436) Specification: Dimensions:€(W€x€H€x€D):€100€x€24€x€25€mm • Pellet size formed approx (Dia. X H): 50 x 25mm • Weight approx: 30 grams. • CO2 cylinder not included. RA85635 £165.00 ea £7.46 pr SPARES & ACCESSORIES Type SA13455 Leather Gloves HE53650 Smoke Cell £62.44 ea HE53652 Laser Smoke Cell ✓ £62.44 ea Brownian Motion Apparatus Whitley Bay Smoke Cell, LED Brownian Motion Kit A revised version of the class Whitley Bay Smoke Cell, with LED illumination that runs cool, and will last many years. This kit provides the means for observation of Brownian Motion and requires only a microscope (x200 magnification) and microscope slide with cavity (cavity Using the supplied generator, smoke is introduced to the smoke cell, and the slide). cell is sealed. The lens focuses the light onto a plane within the cell, making Background information, details of experimental protocols and video clips are a single layer of illuminated smoke cells. Observed under a microscope, contained on the two CD-ROMs included. Also included are micro-spheres individual smoke cells can be resolved, and Brownian motion observed. (1.0 micron diameter polystyrene beads) suspended in deionised water. Placed in the well of a microscope cavity slide, these micro-spheres can be seen to Suitable microscopes are the Motic SFC-3A range (MI10434 and MI10436) exhibit the same ‘jiggling’ motion originally observed in the movement of pollen grain fragments by Robert Brown in 1827. Dimensions: 90 x 46 x 20 mm • Brownian motion fluid NEW • 2 x CD ROMs • Information booklet. GA92030 £13.04 kit HE180760 ✓ £24.94 ea 534 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Molecules in Motion PHYSICS Convection Convection In Air (Mine Shaft) Apparatus Tea Bag Paper For Convection Demonstrations Consists of a metal box with a sliding glass front and two detachable glass chimneys. A lighted tea light (night light) is placed beneath the base of one This plain, non heat seal paper is ideal for demonstrating convection chimney to create convection currents. (Tea lights not supplied). Dimensions experiments. Simply create a tube structure, by folding the paper, and light the (L x H x D): 240 x 90 x 70mm. top. The paper will then rise up due to convection current. It has many other uses including filtration and use in diffusion experiments. Supplied in a roll. •••• Weight: 1.5 kg Paper thickness: 12.7 gsm Width: 124 mm Length: approx 930 m HE18736 £24.75 ea £7.73 pr SPARES & ACCESSORIES £2.78 pk HE18737 Spare Chimneys ✓ £4.09 pk BU80555 25 Smoke Matches BU110320 25 Night lights EN140180 £43.69 ea Convection In Water Apparatus Diffusion Consisting of a rectangular glass tubing. Dimensions (W x L x Dia.): 210 x Glass Tube for Diffusion of Gases Experiment 360 x 22mm. 1 metre open-ended borosilicate glass tube, ideal for the ‘diffusion of gases experiment’. Cotton wool soaked in concentrated ammonia solution is placed in one end of the tube and cotton wool with concentrated hydrochloric acid is placed in the other end. Both ends are stoppered with bungs, to contain the fumes. The gases diffuse along the tube from both ends, and where they meet a white ring of ammonium chloride forms. Length: 1 m. O.D: 40 mm. Wall: 2.3 mm. DI170100 £15.30 ea HE18778 £29.88 ea £8.32 SPARES & ACCESSORIES PO4988 Potassium permanganate LR, 500 g Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 535

PHYSICS Molecules In Motion Gas Laws Joly’s Bulb, Metal Boyle’s Law, Improved This 80 mm diameter hollow metal sphere is connected to a manometer (Bourdon) gauge, for demonstrating changes A much improved version of the Boyle’s Law Apparatus, which is reliable and of pressure in a closed volume of air when either heated easy to use. The apparatus comprises a reservoir with a bourdon gauge, or cooled. Immersing the ball in a heated water bath or connected to a vertical glass tube. ice bath allows the relationship between pressure and The reservoir has a needle valve to control pressure, and a high-quality tyre- temperature of the enclosed air to be investigated. The type valve for attaching the supplied pump. Air does not escape when the metal sphere is more robust than glass versions and pressure is increased, until the needle valve is opened. responds to temperature changes a little faster. The pressure is displayed on a bourdon gauge, which has a transparent back, allowing students to see the internal workings. Pressures of up to 3.5x PR170600 £67.06 ea atmospheric pressure can be measured, which provides a good range of measurements. Charles Law, Superior The tube is of strong construction, and is further protected by a plastic safety screen. It has graduations so that the length of the air column can be Comprises a capillary tube and thermometer, mounted on a board with a measured, and is of uniform cross-section, so the volume of air is proportional scale behind the capillary tube. The apparatus comes complete with oil in the to the length of the air column. capillary tube, so no difficult filling with sulfuric acid is required. Unlike traditional Boyle’s Law apparatus, this unit has no rustable materials, The relationship between temperature and volume can be observed easily, so water can be used instead of oil, which offers superior results, as well as and an estimate for absolute zero can be obtained through extrapolation of reduced hazard and mess. experimental data. The water is pumped into the tube, and the pressure and volume of air is Available as singularly or measured at regular intervals. The inverse relationship between pressure and as a class set of 10 in a volume at constant temperature is easily observed. Gratnells case. NEW NEW HE180014 Type Quantity ✓ £23.69 ea HE180015 ✓ £231.19 set Single Units 1 Class Set in Gratnells Case 10 HE180640 ✓ £174.94 ea Hyman Fire Piston This apparatus vividly demonstrates the rise in temperature that occurs when a fixed mass of air in a transparent cylinder is compressed by a hand operated piston. A piece of tinder, which is provided, ignites in the transparent cylinder: much as a diesel engine obtains ignition. The cylinder and piston can also be used to demonstrate the effect of decompression, being the immediate lowering of temperature and the consequent condensation of water vapour inside the cylinder - the cloud formed can easily be seen. The improved Boyle’s OUR EXPERTS SAY... Law apparatus has no rustable materials, and therefore water HE43250 £33.84 ea SPARES & ACCESSORIES £6.98 ea can be used instead of oil to enclose HE43252 Spare Cylinder £4.85 ea HE43254 Tinder £1.63 ea the air column. By adding food dye to HE43256 Lubricant the water, the air column can be made Cartesian Devil (Diver) clearly visible. Used to demonstrate liquid pressure. Hollow glass figure. Dimensions€(H):€45€mm. Boyle’s Law Indicator This simple low-cost apparatus provides a means of demonstrating Boyle’s law. It is not 100 % accurate but it is adequate for demonstrations giving students literally a ‘feel’ for increase in pressure against volume. PR95264 £14.40 ea PR95260 £14.94 ea 536 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Molescules In Motion PHYSICS Kinetic Theory Models Thermal Expansion Kinetic Theory Model Ball and Ring A model that simulates the behaviour of particles in a gas. An electric Two-piece set. Brass ring and brass ball mounted in wooden handles. motor running at 4-12 V DC vibrates a small platform inside a transparent Dimensions (L): 260mm. tube, which in turn vibrates several steel balls inside the transparent tube. A lightweight float on top of the balls is held almost stationery by the “pressure” HE08895 £7.26 kit of the steel balls. The “temperature” of the gas can be Bar & Gauge Kit increased by supplying more power to the motor – an control knob on the base allows To demonstrate the expansion of material when heated. Comprising of a ‘T’- this to be varied. Shape metal bar fitted with a wooden handle and a brass gauge to check the The “pressure” of the gas can be increased length and diameter of the bar when cold and hot. by adding additional mass on top of the float – cardboard discs can be used for this purpose. The “volume” of the gas is represented by the height of the float. The cross-section of the tube is uniform, so the height of the float is directly proportional to volume. By altering the “temperature” and “pressure” of the gas, ideal gas laws can be demonstrated. Requires a 4-12 V DC power supply, and 2x 4 mm plug leads. HE180755 £56.19 Kinetic Theory Projection Model HE08897 £9.39 kit For use with Vibration Generator SI30825. Ball bearings in motion represent gas molecules which lift a plastic piston due to repeated collisions. The model is supplied with the piston, ball bearings and a metal angle support for placing the apparatus on an overhead projector. The projected view gives the best possible display of kinetic theory and a model of Brownian Motion using the small alloy discs is included. Bar Breaking Apparatus A heavy cast iron frame with stout iron bar. One end is fitted with a nut to take up slack and the other is drilled to accept a cast iron breaking bar. SI68190 £74.94 ea HE18700 £35.64 ea £8.05 pk SPARES & ACCESSORIES £2.10 pk Type Diameter Quantity LINKED To help you with your ordering, see also... PRODUCTS Vibration & Waves (page 568-579) HE18702 Spare bars 5 mm 10 HE18703 6 mm 10 Spare bars Leidenfrost Dishes Iron Flask (Bursting Bottle) Leidenfrost Dish A cast iron tube open at one end and threaded to accept a bolt. The principle of expansion of water when frozen can be clearly demonstrated. Often referred The apparatus consists of a dish made of steel. The dish is heated up to several to as “The Bursting Bottle”. hundred degrees Centigrade, and a few drops of water are added to the dish. Some of the water remains liquid even though the boiling point of water is exceeded. The liquid forms a small sphere which moves about on a pillow of steam. The experiment demonstrates the poor conductivity of steam and also the high surface tension of water. Dimensions (Dia. x H): 56 x 6mm. HE152000 £4.94 ea HE82325 Flask & Plug £10.88 ea SPARES & ACCESSORIES £7.08 ea HE82327 Flask Only Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 537

PHYSICS Molecules In Motion Thermal Expansion continued Demonstration Bimetallic Strip Bimetallic Compound Bar This Demonstration Bimetallic Strip consists of a bimetallic strip fixed to a base, with a 12V halogen bulb mounted below the strip. When the power To demonstrate the unequal expansion of two metals by the curvature produced is switched on, the heat produced by the bulb will heat the bimetallic strip when the bar is gently heated. Comprising two metal bars, steel and brass, causing it to bend upwards, which breaks the circuit and the bulb switches riveted together with brass rivets. Fitted with a wooden handle. Not intended for off. As the bimetallic strip cools down it returns to its original shape, thereby intensive heating. Dimensions (L x W): 200 x 15mm. completing the circuit again, which switches the bulb back on and the sequence repeats over and over until the power is disconnected. A miniature version of this concept is used in flashing bulbs and Christmas lights. Base Dimensions (L x W x H): 130 x 80 x 30 mm. HE08896 £7.25 ea HE130500 £21.40 ea Bimetallic Compound Bar, Premium Bimetallic Strip with Electrical Contacts An improvement on the riveted version, this bonded copper and steel bimetallic This simple device to demonstrate thermal expansion shows how we can use strip comes mounted in a wooden handle for ease of use. Heating on either two different metals joined together to produce a bimetallic strip thermostat. side causes the strip to bend as the two metals expand by different amounts. The apparatus consists of a bimetal strip that expands at different rates on each Comes with instructions. side, due to the differing thermal properties of the two materials. When the metal strip is heated it will bend in one direction, away from the top contact, Dimensions (L incl. handle): 300mm); Bimetallic Strip (L x W) 200 x 13 mm. therefore breaking the electrical circuit, due to one of the metals expanding faster than the other. Comes mounted on base with 4mm sockets. Weight: 0.2 kg. Dimensions (W x L x H): 150 x 150 x 150mm. HE72460 £23.21 ea HE102320 £8.77 ea Bimetallic Strips Kit Temperature Coefficient of Resistance Apparatus A class pack of 10 bi-metal strips, each securely attached to a wooden support, These immersible resistors are used to determine the resistance temperature ideal for student use in practical work. Use to investigate bending action as coefficient for various materials. They consist of resistance wire (diameter they are heated, to show how bimetallic strips can be used in applications such 0.25 mm) wound on Plexiglas cores with safety jack connectors. The as thermostats, fire alarms, frost alarms, etc. Each strip measures 85 x 8 mm. resistance wire is immersed in a non-conductive liquid (e.g. demineralised Complete with instructions. water, kerosene or mineral oil). By measuring the resistance as a function of temperature the temperature coefficients of the materials can be found. Size 180 mm x 20 mm diameter. The specified resistance values are for 20 °C. HE72465 £50.50 kit EL110302 Type Resistance £62.44 ea EL110303 1.8 Ω £62.44 ea 538 EL110304 Copper 46.7 Ω £62.44 ea Constantan 8.7 Ω Nickel …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Molecules In Motion PHYSICS Pressure Mini Magdeburgs Air Pressure Kit A pair of rubber “suckers” that can be used alone to lift quite heavy objects or together like Magdeburg hemispheres. The force A convenient kit for a wide range of air pressure experiments. Supplied in a box required to separate them is astonishing. Releasing with an insert to keep parts organised. lugs allows them to be separated easily. Comprises: HE63645 £30.25 pr • 1 Vacuum chamber, complete, 1 L with manometer • 1 Syringe, 120 mL, for vacuum experiments Magdeburg Hemispheres • 1 Vacuum hose, 6 mm diameter, 30 cm length • 1 Signaller (alarm annunicator) Consisting of two plastic cups fitted with handles and one with a stopcock. Cup • 1 Sound absorbing pad, 80 mm diameter Dimensions (Dia.): 130mm. • 1 pair “Magdeburg” slides • 2 Balloons • Valve for balloons • 1 Bubble burster • 1 Thermoplastic foils for bubble burster • 1 Capsule plastics with cap, 75 mm diameter • 1 Free fall tube, 35 cm length, with falling bodies, acrylic • 1 Manometer for Boyle-Mariotte experiment HE18758 £50.00 ea £174.94 ea Magdeburg Hemispheres For demonstration of the pressure exerted by the atmosphere. Made of chrome plated brass with rubber gasket. Provided with venting screw and connector with non-return valve. Mass: 711€g. Dimensions (Dia.): 110€mm. GA92000 Collapsing Can A 1 litre capacity round can with screw cap. PR170100 £406.25 ea HE18725 £3.13 ea PRESSURE UNIT CONVERSION TABLE CONVERT TO (MULTIPLY BY) PRESSURE UNIT pascals atmospheres bars Millibars mm inches microns pounds per CONVERSIONS (Pa) (atm) (bar) (mbar) mercury mercury (in. mercury square inch (mmHg) pascals (Pa) 1 0.00000987 0.00001 Hg) (μHg) (psi) atmospheres (atm) 101325 1 1.01325 7.5006 0.000145 bars (bar) 100000 0.01 0.0075 0.0002953 760000 millibars (mbar) 0.987 1 750062 14.696 mm mercury (mm Hg) 100 0.000987 0.001 1013.25 760 29.92 14.504 inches mercury (in.Hg) 133.32 0.00132 0.00133 750 0.0145 CONVERT FROM microns mercury (μHg) 3386.4 0.03386 1000 750 29.53 1000 0.01934 pounds per square 0.1333224 0.0334 0.00000133 25400 0.491154 inch (psi) 0.00000132 1 0.750 0.02953 0.00001934 1 1.333 1 0.03937 1 51715 33.864 25.4 1 0.001333 0.001 0.0000394 6895 0.0681 0.06895 68.95 51.715 2.036 Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 539

PHYSICS Molecules In Motion Pressue continued Fluid Pressure Apparatus, Clear Bourdon Gauge, Mounted For demonstrating the principle that pressure increases with depth. Consisting of a perspex pipe with 3 openings of the Comprising of a large Bourdon gauge. The dial reads 0 to 50 psi x 1 and 0 to same size, at different heights down one side. The clear 3.5 kg/cm2 x 0.1 actual (total) pressure and the case has a clear perspex back perspex construction allows easy visibility of variation in liquid so that the workings can be observed. Dimensions (W x H): 100 x 40mm. height. Dimensions (H x Dia): 400 x 60mm. HE53630 £94.34 ea LP93712 £38.20 ea Liquid Level Apparatus Evesham Pressure Apparatus To show that the level of liquid in connected vessels is constant irrespective of This classic piece of apparatus helps to demonstrate the relationship between the vessel size or shape. Consists of four different glass vessels connected by pressure, force and area. The apparatus consists of a rectangular box made a common base tube and mounted on a base. Dimensions (L x W x H): 230 x from melamine covered board, containing a flexible air bag within (which is 100 x 160mm. replaceable should the need arise) and two liftable platforms giving a 1:4 area ratio. Suitable for demonstrating the relationship of pressure = force ÷ unit area. Platform Dimensions (L x W): 100 x 100mm and 200 x 200mm. Dimensions (W x D x H): 570 x 440 x 60mm. HE18780 Liquid level apparatus £28.90 ea Displacement Vessel (Eureka) Hollow metal cylinder with overflow spout. Dimensions (L x Dia.): 100 x 50mm. PR130500 £106.19 ea SPARES & ACCESSORIES £7.44 ea PR130505 Replacement air bag HE18782 £8.60 ea Hydraulic Press Fluid Pressure Apparatus (Spouting Cylinder) Simple construction permits the use of water or even air for demonstration of the concepts involved. Comprises a pair of graduated glass syringes of For demonstrating how pressure increases with capacities 50 and 20cm3, both having finely ground pistons and providing a depth. Consisting of a metal cylinder with three cross-sectional area ratio of 3:1 respectively. Both the syringes mounted on a identical sized outlets at different levels down one stable, non-skid sheet metal base with loading platform at their top and their side. Dimensions (H x Dia): 400 x 70mm. nozzles linked to each other through a 3-position valve, by means of which they may be opened to the atmosphere, isolated or interconnected as desired. Both the pistons are provided with limit-stop to prevent their complete ejection from the barrels. The thick wall of syringes makes them capable of withstanding the pressures involved. The graduated syringe barrels also permit simple Boyle’s Law experiments to be performed. HE18792 £22.35 ea PR95268 £137.50 ea 540 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Optics PHYSICS Colour Mixing Colour Mixing Apparatus Multicoloured LED bulb An upright case contains three, high powered, accurately colour matched LEDs, each of which has infinitely adjustable brightness. Also supplied is a large, free This LED mains bulb uses red, green and blue LEDs in a frosted glass globe to standing, primary colour shadow mask, a hand held secondary colour mask create a diffuse light source of controllable colour. and a 12 V plug top power supply. The system allows the teacher to project large primary and secondary colour mixing disks onto any vertical surface and It can be used to show a consumer application of colour mixing principles, and to adjust the colour saturation to mix virtually any colour (how do you produce also as a convenient source of coloured light for experiments in reflection and brown). Unlike other systems the purity of the resulting white is outstanding. absorption of colour. The unit is extremely easy to use, is easily transportable and comes with full instructions. The only other requirements are a white wall and a darkened/ Supplied with a remote control to choose the colour and select the mode blacked out room. The system may be used to demonstrate both secondary (flash, strobe, fade and smooth). The remote control takes a CR2025 battery and primary colour mixing, colour shadows and colour reflection/absorption. ••••(incVPLFluoioutmwtdlitneaeindggr:)o:e.u3:Es22W73fl/u0ExSV: 70 lm NEW OP180730 ✓ £12.44 ea Use the RGB Colour OUR EXPERTS SAY... OP84760 £81.19 ea Changing bulb in a desk lamp to create a convenient, PRIMARY & SECONDARY COLOURS IN OPTICS portable source of coloured light, In Optics (and science in general), Primary and Secondary colours which can be used to light up different are the colours & colour combinations resulting from emitted light. The Primary Colours (known as ‘Additive’ Primary colours) consist objects, and study how they reflect and of: Red, Green, and Blue (RGB). The Secondary Colours resulting from combining the Primary absorb light of different colours. colours are: Yellow, Magenta and Cyan. When R+G+B are combined in the correct proportions or Colour Mixing Box intensities, white light should result – although in practice this often appears ‘off-white’. This unit contains three coloured light sources (red, green and blue) projected onto a screen in overlapping circles. The unit is self-contained, meaning no Red + Green = Yellow RED setup is required, and can be used comfortably by 2-3 pupils at a time. The brightness of each light can be controlled independently, allowing any Red + Blue = Magenta YELLOW MAGENTA combination of the three. This allows the demonstration of composition of any Blue + Green = Cyan colour using just the primary colours. Red + Green + Blue = White GREEN WHITE BLUE Requires 3x LIGHT AA batteries. CYAN BEST SELLER For information: In Art or Painting, ‘Primary’ and ‘Secondary’ colours are historically different and refer to colours and colour combinations from reflected light. These are: Primary Colours (known as ‘Subtractive’ primary colours): Red, Yellow and Blue (RYB) Secondary Colours: Green, Purple and Orange In the printing industry, the Primary Ink Colours are Cyan, Magenta and Yellow. Along with black, these give the CMYK colour system (‘K’ referring to black or ‘Key’ colour). OP155050 ✓ £23.69 ea Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 541

PHYSICS Optics Colour Mixing continued Newton’s Colour Disc Colour Mixing Apparatus, Premium This Newton’s Disc consists of an aluminium plate with coloured segments printed on it. The colours represent the colours of the visible spectrum (red, A powerful and effective colour mixing apparatus, comprising three LEDs (RGB) orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet). When the disc is rotated and in a hexagonal housing, which projects a circle of light of each colour, which the speed increased, the colours start to blur and fuse together and then mix can be overlapped to show the effect of mixing the colours. so that the eye, unable to respond rapidly enough, sees this effect as white The intensity of each colour can be controlled independently using the controls light. Mounted on base with handle at rear to turn the disc. Weight: 0.8 kg. on the housing, or turned off completely. The LEDs are factory adjusted, Dimensions (L x W x H): 250 x 150 x 250mm. ensuring a convincing white light in the middle. The 3 watt LEDs are very bright, ensuring the whole class can see. The projected circles can be up to BEST 40 cm diameter. The housing is of robust black aluminium hexagonal construction, with SELLER ventilation to ensure the LEDs have a long life. The apparatus does not get dangerously hot. A removable 10 mm diameter rod is included, allowing the apparatus to be mounted in a retort clamp. A 12 V power supply is included. Dimensions: 38 x 14 x 12 cm. Weight: 780 g. NEW OP110930 ✓ £27.04 ea OP180000 ✓ £249.94 ea Newton’s Colour Wheel SPARES & ACCESSORIES ✓ £237.44 ea OP180002 Colour Mixing Apparatus ✓ £18.69 ea This motorized Newton’s colour wheel is useful for demonstrating that white OP180004 Spare Power Supply light is composed of a combination of different spectral colours. Comprises a disc with different coloured sectors mounted on a low voltage (6V DC) motor box with integral 4mm sockets. When the disc is rotated at a fast enough speed the colours merge to form white (usually off-white). Requires a standard variable laboratory power supply (1-6 V DC). LED Light Colour & Ray Boxes Set Three colour set of LED light source devices in red, blue and green. They can be used for a variety of experiments, as well as together for colour mixing. With a magnetic back, the light sources can be attached to a whiteboard for demonstration purposes. Each device requires 2 x AA batteries. OP155060 £18.73 set OP74610 £38.96 ea 542 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Optics PHYSICS Blackout Colour Filter Sheets Magic Blackout Blind Acetate colour filter sheets for general colour optics applications, colour Following the success of Magic Whiteboard on Dragons Den is the introduction mixing etc. Each sheet is supplied of Magic Blackout Blind - it allows you to blackout windows, anywhere, in with a graph of its spectral absorption seconds. Magic Blackout Blind is a temporary blackout blind window covering characteristics. Available in six that allows you to quickly and easily blackout light and is made of a new type colours - 3 primary and 3 secondary. of blackout material. No tools are required. Ideal for blacking out light from Dimensions (L x W): 535 x 310mm. any room where dark conditions are required, including classrooms, nurseries and offices, Magic Blackout offers an easy and cheap alternative to blackout OP94660 Colour £10.96 ea blinds. OP94664 £10.96 ea OP94670 Blue £10.96 ea • Use with or without blinds or curtains OP94662 Green £10.96 ea • Sticks to windows without tack, tape or glue OP94666 Red £10.96 ea • Leaves no marks on glass OP94668 Cyan £10.96 ea • Simple to fit, peel-off and re-use Yellow • Dimensions: 8 metre roll, 10 perforated sheets (600 x 800mm) Magenta Colour Mixing Swatch Set Laminated transparent plastic colour sheets, one each of the primary colours - red, blue and green - and one each of the secondary colours - yellow, cyan and magenta. The sheets are joined at one corner so that different combinations can be overlapped for colour mixing. Dimensions (L x W): 73 x 50mm. OP94608 Quantity £8.23 set 6 ST130605 Quantity £46.88 ea 10 perforated sheets (600 x 800 mm) Colour Filters ’Nuffield’ Colour Filters Colour Acetate Filter Sheet Set Mounted 35mm slides, available in 3 primary colours, 3 secondary colours and a tricolour slide. Flexible acetate transmission filter material suitable for making slides for colour mixing experiments or any work involving coloured light. Each set contains sheets: Primary Red, Primary Blue, Primary Green, Magenta, Cyan, Yellow and Neutral Density. The neutral density material gives 50% light transmission with no colour change. Dimensions (L x W): 210 x 148mm. Quantity £16.24 set OP104612 Colour £7.68 ea OP104600 7 OP104614 £7.68 ea OP104616 Red £7.68 ea Colour Acetate Filters Set OP104618 Green £7.68 ea OP104620 Blue £7.68 ea Supplied in A4 sheets in colours red, blue, yellow, green, and orange. OP104622 Yellow £7.68 ea OP104624 Magenta £10.54 ea Cyan RGB Infrared Filter Sheet This small filter can be placed in front of a webcam (with IR filter removed) or light sensor, allowing only infrared radiation to pass through. Dimensions 30 x 30 x 3mm (approx.). OP11872 £9.69 set OP161120 £8.26 ea Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 543

PHYSICS Optics Acrylic Blocks Acrylic Blocks, Large Acrylic Block Set Ideal for both experimentation and demonstration. Precision made from optical grade acrylic. A set of 10 acrylic blocks, each 25 mm thick, useful for optical experiments. • Equilateral triangle 75 mm sides • Equilateral triangle 57 mm sides • Isosceles 900 - 71 mm hypotenuse • Scalene 900 - 78 mm hypotenuse • Rectangle 75 mm x 50 mm • Semi-circular 75 mm • Biconvex 75 mm • Biconcave 75 mm • Plano - convex 75 mm • Plano - concave 75 mm OP170300 £62.44 set Acrylic Blocks, Premium OP11876 Type Dimensions ✓ £24.78 ea OP11877 Equilateral Prism 180x 25 mm (L of all £8.68 ea Clear acrylic blocks with all round polished surfaces. OP11878 sides x D) £9.41 ea Isosceles Prism 180 x 25 mm (L of AD Hypotenuse x D) B Rectangular Prism 180 x 125x 25 mm (L x W x D) E F C S-Shape Block Acrylic block in the form of a shallow S-Shape, ideal for demonstrating total internal reflection. Dimensions (L x W x D): 220 x 20 x 20mm. Type Dimensions OP11810 A Rectangular 115 x 65 x 18 mm (L x W x D) ✓ £7.39 ea OP11815 £1.42 ea OP11820 B Biconvex Lens 75 x 115 x 10 mm (L x Radius x D) £5.19 ea OP11825 OP11835 C Biconcave Lens 75 x 115 x 10 mm (L x Radius x D) £1.84 ea OP11840 OP11845 D Semi-circular 75 x 10 mm (Dia. x D) £2.04 ea E Equilateral Prism 75 x 10 mm (L of all sides x D) £2.30 ea F Triangular Prism 108 x 75 mm x 10 (L of 90˚ x L of 45˚ x D) Set of the above £15.98 set 6 lenses OP11870 £10.98 ea Acrylic Blocks Rectangular Glass Block Clear acrylic blocks. Optical quality glass block for refractive experiments. Dimensions (L x W x D): 114 x 63 x 18mm. Type Dimensions OP11860 Rectangle 75 x 50 x 25 mm (L x W x Depth) ✓ £4.50 ea OP11861 £6.11 ea OP11862 Biconcave 75 x 115 25 mm (L x Radius x Depth) £6.11 ea OP11863 £3.51 ea OP11864 Biconvex 25 mm (Depth) £2.91 ea OP11865 £2.58 ea OP11866 Semi-circular 75 x 25 mm (Dia. x Depth) £6.89 ea OP11867 £31.23 set Equilateral 57 x 25 mm (L of all sides x Depth) Triangular 90° x 45° x 45° x 75 mm x 25 (L of Angle x L of Hypotenuse x Depth) Triangular 90° x 60° x 30° x 75 x 25 mm (L of Angle x L of Hypotenuse x Depth) Box set of the above 7 blocks OP11785 £9.86 ea 544 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Optics PHYSICS Prisms Direct Vision Prism Hollow Glass Prism This direct-vision prism is of the ‘double Amici prism’ design, consisting of three Hollow glass prism with 50mm equilateral sides, prisms (crown glass/flint glass/crown glass) in back-to-back contact, providing useful for filling with specific liquids for refraction a contact dispersive prism. The outer surfaces of the prisms are blackened, experiments, such as Ethyl cinnamate (ET2680). except the surfaces where light enters and exits. Polychromatic light is dispersed with simultaneous correction of divergence, so that the exit beam is parallel to the input one. Dimensions: 105 x 20 x 20 mm OP104664 £6.00 ea OP170310 £237.06 ea ✓ £6.23 ea Equilateral Prisms Lenses £14.35 ea Adjustable Lens Holder Clear white glass. 60° x 60° x 60°. ✓ £6.23 ea A versatile, adjustable, ABS lens holder with ‘V’ slot OP11740 Dimensions £14.35 ea for use with round lenses or mirrors up to 75mm in OP11750 diameter. The holder has a graduated vertical height A 38 x 38 mm (L of side x H) D BEST adjustment to allow lenses or mirrors to be set at B 50 x 50 mm (L of side x H) different heights, while the base has 2 slots to accept SELLER a metre rule, to allow more accurate measurement of Right Angled Prisms distance from lens to object or light source. Clear white glass. 90° x 45° x 45°. OP11756 Dimensions OP11758 C 38 x 38 mm (L of side x H) D 50 x 50 mm (L of side x H) OP110130 £8.91 ea B Lens Holder Wood with ‘V’ slot to hold lenses up to 80mm diameter. BEST SELLER OP11620 ✓ £2.84 ea AC Lens & Mirror Holder Metal spring clip holder with grooves to hold 50mm round lenses or mirrors, mounted on base with a slot cut out to accommodate a metre or half metre rule. Spectrometer Prisms SP13820 Type ✓ £16.46 ea op140120 £4.39 ea SP13821 ✓ £17.44 ea Crown glass prism, 32mm aperture Extra dense flint glass prism, Face 32 x 32mm REFRACTION OF LIGHT Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 545

PHYSICS Optics Lenses continued LENSES Biconcave Lenses Focal length (f) in m/cm/mm Double concave. Optically worked glass with ground edges. Dimensions€(Dia.):€38€mm. 0.05 / 5 / 50 0.10 / 10 / 100 0.15 / 15 / 150 Power (=1/f [metres] = Dioptre) 0.20 / 20 / 200 0.25 / 25 / 250 Convex Concave 0.30 / 30 / 300 (converging) (diverging) 0.50 / 50 / 500 1.00 / 100 / 1000 +20D -20D Focal length Power +10D -10D 100 mm -10D OP11405 150 mm -6.67D £1.50 ea +6.6D -6.6D OP11410 200 mm -5D ✓ £1.50 ea OP11415 300 mm -3.3D +5D -5D OP11425 500 mm -2D £1.50 ea OP11427 £1.50 ea +4D -4D £1.50 ea +3.3D -3.3D Biconcave Lenses +2D -2D Double concave. Optically worked glass with ground +1D -1D edges. Dimensions€(Dia.):€50€mm. Cylindrical Lenses Clear glass with polished faces and ground edges. Dimensions (H x W): 50 x 45mm. OP11435 Focal length Power £2.60 ea BEST OP11440 ✓ £1.70 ea OP11445 50 mm -20D SELLER OP11450 100 mm -10D £1.70 ea OP11455 150 mm -6.7D £1.53 ea OP11460 200 mm -5D £1.53 ea OP11465 250 mm -4D £1.53 ea OP110110 300 mm -3.3D £1.53 ea OP110115 500 mm -2D £1.48 ea 750 mm -1.3D £1.48 ea 1000 mm -1D Biconvex Lenses OP11600 Type Focal length Power ✓ £5.38 ea OP11605 £5.70 ea Double convex. Optically worked glass with ground edges. OP11608 Biconvex 75 mm +13.3D £9.68 ea Dimensions€(Dia.):€38€mm. Biconcave 75 mm -13.3D Planoconvex 60 mm +16.7D Telescope Model This telescope model is a great way to demonstrate the principles of a working telescope. Consists of two PVC tubes, mounted co-axially, giving adjustable lengths by sliding one within the other. Dia. 50 mm, x5 magnification. OP11505 Focal length Power ✓ £1.36 ea OP11510 £1.36 ea OP11515 100 mm +10D £1.36 ea OP11525 150 mm +6.7D £1.36 ea OP11530 200 mm +5D £1.36 ea 300 mm +3.3D 500 mm +2D OP152000 £21.56 ea Biconvex Lenses Lens Cleaning Tissues, ‘Whatman 105’ Double convex. Optically worked glass with ground edges. Dimensions€(Dia.):€50€mm. OP11540 Focal length Power ✓ £1.71 ea CL04270 Dimensions Quantity £5.64 pk OP11545 £1.10 ea CL04280 £51.11 pk OP11550 50 mm +20D £1.10 ea 15 x 10 cm 25 sheets OP11555 100 mm +10D £0.99 ea 30 x 20 cm 100 sheets OP11560 150 mm +6.7D £0.84 ea OP11565 200 mm +5D £0.84 ea OP11570 250 mm +4D £0.84 ea OP110120 300 mm +3.3D £0.84 ea OP110125 500 mm +2D £0.84 ea 750 mm +1.3D 1000 mm +1D 546 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.

Optics PHYSICS Lenses continued Convex Mirror Fresnel Lens These round, unmounted, optically worked glass mirrors are premium quality, incorporating vacuum A microstructured fresnel lens embossed on a very thin transparent PET polymer coated silver reflective backing with protective film. The lens can be combined with text or images to give an illusion of depth coating, for a superior finish. Dimensions (Dia.): and movement. Five different samples are supplied, each measuring 75 x 50mm. 100 mm. OP11650 Focal length £2.19 ea OP11655 £2.19 ea OP11660 75 mm £2.19 ea OP11665 100 mm ✓ £2.19 ea OP11670 150 mm £2.19 ea 200 mm 300 mm OP170570 £12.75 set Stainless Steel Mirrors Semi-circular mirrors. Dimensions (L x H): 150 x 75mm. 3D Printed Lenses OP11735 Type £12.48 ea OP11736 £12.48 ea 3D printing technology allows for the production of transparent, matte, Concave textured, or coloured plastic elements with complex geometries and small Convex features. The printing process utilises inkjet technology to build structures from thin layers of a UV-curable photopolymer. This allows on-demand manufacturing of optical elements directly from a CAD model, with no need for expensive moulds or tooling. The 60 x 55 mm sheet features several different optical patterns. Mirror on Blocks Plane glass mirror, mounted on wooden support block for convenience. Removes the need for a separate support block to hold mirror perpendicular to work bench. OP170500 £12.75 ea Mirrors OP170000 Dimensions ✓ £1.20 ea Lens & Mirror Holder OP170002 £1.63 ea 75 x 25 mm Metal spring clip holder with grooves to hold 100 x 75 mm 50mm round lenses or mirrors, mounted on base with a slot cut out to accommodate a metre or Plain Mirrors half metre rule. Glass, unmounted. Silvered back with protective coating. op140120 £4.39 ea Concave Mirror OP11700 Dimensions Quantity £1.46 pk OP11702 £1.80 pk These round, unmounted, optically worked glass mirrors are premium quality, OP11704 75 x 25 mm 10 £2.24 pk incorporating vacuum coated silver reflective backing with protective coating, OP11710 75 x 50 mm 10 £3.03 pk for a superior finish. Dimensions (Dia.): 50mm. OP11715 100 x 50 mm 10 ✓ £3.73 pk OP11720 150 x 50 mm 10 £5.26 pk 100 x 75 mm 10 £21.45 pk 150 x 100 mm 10 Mirror Blocks A pack of 43 mm cube wooden blocks with 4 x 15 mm slot for supporting plane mirrors during optical experiments on reflection. OP11625 Focal length £2.04 ea OP74620 Quantity OP11630 £2.04 ea 10 OP11635 75 mm £2.04 ea OP11640 100 mm ✓ £2.04 ea OP11645 150 mm £2.04 ea 200 mm 300 mm Tel: +44(0)3333 442 443 Fax: +44(0)1270 250601 www.timstar.com 547

PHYSICS Optics Mirrors continued Mirage® Parabolic Mirror Hologram Maker Optical Screen & Mirror Holder Made by Opti-Gone in America, this is the original (and best) hologram maker. Don’t be fooled by cheaper imitations, with inferior optical qualities! Holder for screens, mirrors and glass plates, made from 20mm wide polished The Mirage® produces a small, full-colour hologram of natural, life-like stainless steel. Height: 40 mm. appearance, allowing 360-degree viewing and is fully functional in ambient light. Place an object into the Mirage®, for example the small plastic pig provided, and it looks solid enough, but when you try and touch it, your fingers find that it is just an illusion - there is nothing there! Mirage® utilizes a patented technology of two concealed, opposing parabolic mirrors, one of which has a circular opening in the top. The physical object to be converted to a hologram is placed in the concave centre of the bottom mirror and a hologram instantly projects up through this aperture, appearing to the viewer as a truly solid object. Any small objects can be used e.g. a coin, marble, sweets, etc. Although fun, Mirage® should not be regarded as a toy, but a precision optical device, and is an ideal way to demonstrate and teach the concept of real images - in this case a three-dimensional real image - (as opposed to a virtual image, as seen in a flat mirror or concave lens). Comes complete with plastic pig! Weight: 0.45kg. Dimensions (Dia. x H): 230 x 60mm. Aperture Dimensions (Dia.): 50mm. OP170920 £4.38 ea Plastic Mirrors OP120130 £42.38 ea Flexible. Can be cut with scissors or a sharp knife. Infinity Candle A C The infinity candleholder has three tea lights but there appear to be many, many more! This decorative candle holder uses mirrored glass in front of and BEST behind the candles so that when lit, the flames are reflected over and over, into the distance, appearing to go on into infinity. Provides an interesting discussion SELLER point for optics and reflections. Dimensions (L x W x D): 160 x 110 x 70mm. B D Type Dimensions Quantity OP130500 £50.00 ea OP11724 A Double sided 75 x 25 x 1 mm 10 ✓ £1.61 pk OP11726 £7.31 ea OP11729 B Double sided 300 x 200 x 1 mm1 £11.91 pk OP160110 £5.90 pk OP160112 C Double sided 150 x 100 x 1 mm10 £4.76 pk Inspection Mirror OP160114 £4.76 pk OP160116 Double Sided 100 x 100 mm 10 £4.76 pk A 5x10 cm mirror on a telescopic arm with non-slip cushion grip handle. OP11730 £6.41 pk Extends from 35 cm to 75 cm. Double Sided 100 x 75 mm 10 Useful in general optics investigations, and also for looking under benches and appliances without having to bend down. Double Sided 127 x 51 mm 10 NEW Double Sided 95 x 65 mm 10 D Concave/ 100 x 100 x 10 convex 0.65 mm Self Adhesive Plastic Mirrors Ideal for all kinds of optical experiments. High quality mirror finish, protected by a peel off film. These mirrors can be bent and easily cut with scissors. Dimensions (L x W): 297 x 210mm. OP11732 Quantity £31.75 pk 10 OP180100 ✓ £4.94 ea 548 …inspiring tomorrow’s scientists through practical science.