Flip book (Part 1)

  ​ BODY SYSTEMS                     Monishalakshmi Gopalakrishnan   Mrs.Gibson 2A   

TABLE OF CONTENTS      Integumentary System 3 Musculoskeletal 4 Nervous System 5 Special Senses 6 Cardiovascular 7 Respiratory System 8 Digestive System 9 Urinary System 10 Reproductive System 11 WORKS CITED 12      

Integumentary System The integumentary system protects the body against infection and extreme temperatures, maintains the body’s balance of  fluids, and synthesizes Vitamin D for the body.  Terminology:   derm/o, dermat/o -​ skin ​ xer/o​ - dry ​ onych/o ​- nail  ​ myc/o​ - fungus  kerat/0​ - horny; hard ​ pil/o​ - hair r​ hytid/o​ - wrinkle  a​ lbin/o -​ white  xanth/o​ - yellow l​ ip/o​ - fat erythr/o​ - red ​ pedicu/o​ - lice   Vocabulary:   Melanin​ - Yellow, brown or black pigment found in skin and hair.  Sweat Glands ​- Gland that produces a watery liquid and is responsible for heat regulation.  Epidermis​ - It forms the outermost layer of the skin and lines internal organs and cavities.  Dermis​ - Middle layer of skin; contains glands, nerve endings and blood vessels.  Keratin​ - Tough, colorless protein found in skin, hair and nails.  Sebaceous Glands​ - Glands in the skin that produce an oily secretion.  Hair​ - Modified skin cells responsible for protection and insulation.  Nails ​- Modified skin cells responsible for prying, scraping and picking up things.  Collagen​ - a fibrous protein that gives skin its shape, strength ,and elasticity.  Arrector Pili Muscle​ - Bundles Of very small muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles. They contract when a person is cold or frightened leading to the  formation of goosebumps.  Diseases/Abnormal Conditions:   Acne​ - It is caused when blocked skin follicles from a plug, caused by oil from glands, clump together and swell.  Vitiligo ​- A disorder that causes patches of skin to become white due to the cells becoming destroyed.  Ichthyosis - A​ disorder that causes dry, thickened skin (looks like fish scales).  Dermatitis​ - Inflammation of skin or a rash when in contact with an allergen.  Health Careers:   Dermatologists - T​ hey are physicians who have acquired a Dermatology degree and specialize in the diagnosis and cure of skin diseases. They study the  functions of the skin and disorders of other organs in the body. The median wage for a dermatologist in the U.S is about $300,297 annually.  Cosmetologists - T​ hey work in the health and beauty field, taking care of client’s skin, hair and nails. The median wage is  about $22,500, in order to become a cosmetologist, one must be a state-licensed barber or in school and be at least 16 years  old.      

M​ usculoskeletal    The body system that provides support, stability, shape, protection and movement to the body. The muscular system  specifically helps holding body parts in position, producing heat that keeps the body warm, moving food through the  digestive system and aiding blood flow through the veins. The skeletal system specifically helps in the storage of minerals  like calcium and phosphorus, and the formation of red blood cells in the  bone marrow.   Terminology:  crani/o - ​skull​ -plegia - ​paralysis    -pexy - ​surgical fixation ​ kinesi/o - m​ ovement  my/o - ​muscle​ myel/o - b​ one marrow​ chondr/o - ​cartilage  oste/o - b​ one​ arthr/o - ​joint  cost/o - rib Vocabulary:  Voluntary muscle -​ Muscle that can be consciously controlled.  Involuntary muscle - M​ uscle that is controlled by the autonomic nervous system (not consciously controlled).  Skeletal Muscle - ​This muscle is a voluntary muscle that is attached to bone and can be contracted or relaxed through conscious control.  Smooth Muscle​ - This muscle surrounds internal organs and is found throughout our respiratory tract, stomach, intestines, and urinary tract.  Smooth muscle contracts and relaxes to movecontent through body system passageways.  Tendon - T​ his is a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone.  Cartilage - S​ oft connective tissue found between joints.   Sesamoid bones​ - They facilitate joint movement and are found in patella(kneecap)and the hands, wrists, and feet.  Ligaments - C​ onnective tissue that attaches bone to bone at a joint.   Flat bones ​-These bones protect vital organs and provide a broad surface area of muscle attachment. An example Of Flat Bone is The Cranium.  Hematopoiesis - ​This is the process of producing platelets, red and white blood cells in the bone marrow.  Diseases/Abnormal Conditions:   Arthritis​ - It is the inflammation of joints; usually accompanied by pain and, frequently, structural changes bone and cartilage.  Spina Bifida ​- Split spine; congenital defect in which part of the membrane covering the spinal cord protrudes through a gap in the spine.  Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy(DMD) - P​ rogressive disease that weakens the muscles of the shoulder and pelvic girdle.  Myasthenia gravis - C​ hronic autoimmune disease characterized by voluntary muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest.  Health Careers:   Orthopedic Surgeon -​ This is a branch of medicine focused on treating or correcting musculoskeletal conditions, including  spine and joint injuries or deformities. Orthopedic surgeons are physicians who specialize in diagnosis and treatment of  spinal disorders, sports injuries, arthritis, and fractures. Orthopedic surgeons must hold a Medical Doctor(MD) or a  Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine(DO) degree.  Sports Medicine Physician - ​A sports medicine physician treats and prevents sports-related injuries of the bones, joints,  and muscles. These health care professionals are qualified to diagnose and treat patients, prescribe medication and therapy,  and perform surgery. They attend an accredited medical school to obtain a Medical Doctor(MD)degree or Doctor of  Osteopathic Medicine(DO)degree.   

Nervous System               

​ Special Senses                    

​Cardiovascular                   

Respiratory System​                    

​ D​ igestive System                   

U​ rinary System                   

Reproductive System               

WORKS CITED  https://www.g-wonlinetextbooks.com/~userInfo https://theintegumentarysystematitsfines.weebly.com/medical-professions.html https://www.quia.com/jg/2724789list.html https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/skin-diseases https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-human-body-systems/hs-the-musculoskeletal-syst em/a/hs-the-musculoskeletal-system-review