Salud Coomeva Magazine - June - July 2017

COOMEVA MEDICINA PREPAGADA ACTIVATE THE MINDISSN 1692 - 5556 June - July 2017 - Issue 135www.revistasaludcoomeva.com 1



COOMEVA MEDICINA PREPAGADA ACKNOWLEDGING THE ROLE OF FATHERS ACTIVATE THE MINDISSN 1692 - 5556 June - July 2017 - Issue 135www.revistasaludcoomeva.comIssue 135 The concept of family has changed the house and they share the financialJune – July 2017 over the years. The characteris- responsibilities of what it means to be tics of a family and what is consi- part of a family.Revista Salud Founder dered to be the family unit is now more Fifty years ago, the image we have ofGilberto Lotero Muñoz (q.e.p.d.) inclusive: mothers now provide for their fathers today was unimaginable. We areChairman of the Board families and are also included in making proud that fathers today take this roleJosé Vicente Torres Osorio decisions that affect them, and fathers on from their own initiative, not fromExecutive President Of the have taken a greater role in caring for societal obligations, but as a choice theyCooperativo Coomeva Business Group and raising their children. This has make as partners, husbands and leadersAlfredo Arana Velasco taught us that we can all contribute in in developing a new inclusive culture.CEO Coomeva Sector Salud different ways. Celebrating Father’s Day has becomeGilberto Quinche Toro Fathers are now considered to have very important because it reminds usPrepaid Medicine CEO more all-encompassing roles. They not just of the financial contributionsJorge Alberto Zapata Builes choose to be fathers, they prepare fathers make to the home, but of theirNational Director of Strategy themselves to be fathers and someti- affectionate and cultural contributionsand New Business mes they can now be seen on the street that create family unity and provide forMauricio Castillo Pérez pushing a stroller or feeding their kids. its emotional stability. This day is a magi-National Director of Marketing There are fathers that hold their child’s cal time to tell them that we are fortuna-Sector Salud hand or carry them in their arms, or big, te that they have been so responsible inCamilo Ernesto Diusaba Perdomo strong, muscular fathers that take care taking on the role of being fathers andGeneral Manager of their babies. These are the fathers of that they are essential parts of ourXiomara Iveth Campo today. They create emotional bondsEditorial Committee with their children, they help out around •Colombian family.Pascual Estrada GarcésNational Director of Prepaid Happy Father’s Day!HealthcareHernán Darío Rodríguez Editorial and Graphic Direction, Magazine General Editor Journalists CommercializationMEC National Director prepress and printing Paula Andrea Montoya T. Isabel Vallejo Jiménez El ColombianoBlanca Inés Vélez El Colombiano Magazine Editor Ana María López de Mesa Cali: Marisol MonsalveNational Director of Oral Health Tel.: (4) 331 5252 Natalia Estefania Botero C. Natalia Ospina 310 544 2354Sandra Viviana Muñoz Rodríguez [email protected] Graphic Editor Mariana Mora [email protected] of Epidemiology Hugo A. Vásquez E. Ingrid Cruz Bogotá: Ana María EchandíaBertha Lucía Varela Rojas Design Photography 3183764776Jefe Nacional Auditoría Médica Carolina Alzate ShutterStock - Cortesy Medellín: Mónica GómezMartha Liliana Cifuentes 312 202 7269Coordinadora Nal. de [email protected] con PrestadoresClaudia Alexandra García The contents of all Salud Coomeva Medicina Prepagada S.A. magazine articles are illustrative in nature and/or for general knowledge. In no case are theyCoordinadora Nacional de Prestación meant to replace the advice or guidance of a physician. Readers shall not use this information in order to self-diagnose and/or perform an analysis, diagnosis orSinergia Salud treatment of a disease or health problem without consulting with a certified physician.Julián Villegas The product and service offers made in the ads published in the Salud Coomeva Medicina Prepagada S.A. magazine are the sole responsibility of the adverti-National Chief of Risk sers. Also, the company is not liable nor obligated to provide its affiliates the services, procedures or treatments described in the contents of articles that areManagement in Health not included in the coverage offered by Coomeva Medicina Prepagada S.A., nor shall they be obligated to include them in their plans and services. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form or system. © 2017EditorXiomara Iveth CampoEditorial CoordinatorMelissa Arce PérezCollaboratorsGina Isabel Massi AmbardAna María Correa MontañoDavid Montes CanalViviana Trujillo JiménezClarena Quintero Quintero

CONTENTSJune - July 2017 7 25 45 65( )WITH YOUR WORLD ( )WITH YOUR BODY ( )WITH YOUR MIND ( )CORPORATE8 Grandparents 26 For her 46 Focus 66 Keep in mind Understanding Being healthy and on Alzheimer’s Donating blood forgetfulness in shape without as an act of solidarity becoming obsessed 48 Little giants10 Trends Superior skills, 68 Institutional Fostering face-to-face 30 For your smile superior kids For a cavity-free communication Smoke-free future oral health16 Your generation 32 Infographic 52 Couples 70 Online services The beginnings Get stronger Growing as Pregunta Salud, of Generation Z at home a couple together a new service19 Prevention 34 Trends 54 Keep in mind 74 Directory Taking action The effects of air Support that New providers and to prevent stroke quality on your health provides connection updated contact information22 Go natural Herbs: a natural 40 X-ray 56 Trends pharmacy On the female Psychologists or bladder psychiatrists: Who should I go to? 42 Trends Be careful with 60 Harmony in health occasional exercise Letting objects and feelings go

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DESCUENTO COPAGO DESCUENTO COPAGOPLAN ASOCIADO PLAN FAMILIARUn beneficio exclusivo para nuestros usuarios en las UIS Sinergia. Aprovecha y solicita tu cita en las siguientes especialidades. • Medicina Interna • Pediatría • Nutrición • Enfermería • Ginecobstetricia • Geriatría • Psicología • Deportólogo Solicita tu cita a las siguientes lineas: Barranquilla (5) 385 4249, Bucaramanga (7) 697 3536, Bogotá (1) 390 7617, Cali (2) 489 6083, Medellín (4) 604 4191, Pereira (6) 340 06 63, Tuluá (2) 235 9546, resto del pais : 01 8000 942 029 o ingresa a www.sinergiasalud.comCooperando es posible Medicina Prepagada Nos facilita la vidaLas especialidades mencionadas estarán sujetas a la oferta de la UIS en cada ciudad. Descuento válido del 10 de abril al 31 de diciembre de 2017.

)WITH YOUR WORLD THIAMINE IS PART OF THE VITAMIN B COMPLEX, AND IS NEEDED TO METABOLIZE FOOD AND TURN IT INTO ENERGY. CRITICAL USE It plays an essential role in curing metabolic conditions such as a low appetite, ulcerative colitis and chro- nic diarrhea. BENEFITS Prevents and treats low magnesium levels in the human body and redu- ces the risk and symptoms of brain disorders. CONSUMPTION The body can absorb thiamine natu- rally by eating foods like eggs, red meats, liver, legumes, nuts, seeds and milk.8 VITAMINS ARE THE NUMBER OF IN THE B COMPLEX.

( )WITH YOUR WORLD UNDERSTANDING If elderly patients are not clear about what medications they should be FORGETFULNESS taking, they may not remember to take their medications with them when they When the elderly forget to follow medical leave the house or they may not take the regimens, it is important to understand why right dosage at the right time, which can bring long-term consequences. and to act with love and patience in order to help them through the situation. Jorge Fernando Paz, clinical geriatrician, offers a few tips on how to handle some ADVISOR people’s frequent forgetfulness, defiance or JORGE FERNANDO PAZ even lack of interest regarding their health Clinical geriatrician, practitioner when they reach this stage of life. at Coomeva Medicina Prepagada According to the specialist, it is most important to first identify the cause of this forgetfulness, “Sometimes we start attributing a lot of things to age when this isn’t always to blame. You have to exami- ne what is normal or if a disease is at hand and learn to manage the situation.” It is important for the elderly and the family that is close to them to be critical8

( )WITH YOUR WORLD grandparentsTHE TOOLS OF TECHNOLOGYThese apps are helpful for scheduling reminders:► Google Calendar: This system ► Google Keep: This produc- ► One Note: This app is easy to manage. On the tivity tool also makes it easy from Microsoft menu, when you click on the to create a reminder note makes notes and plus symbol, a list of reminders that can be scheduled. voice messages. and event options appears.of their situation and to see a specialist KEEPING THE ELDERLY ACTIVEin order to understand why the elderlypatient is forgetting to take their medi- Keeping the elderly active and making sure they get enough rest is fundamen-cations or is not making their scheduled tal. The following are some ideas that can help enrich their lives.appointments. 1 1. Writing things by hand 2 2. Playing games. Dominoes and “It is crucial to keep the elderly active. and read out loud. chess help them develop theirAs long as family is aware that the mental skills and concentration.patient is capable of being active, it is Crosswords and sudoku puzzlesimportant to keep them motivated, both are also helpful.physically and mentally, in order forthem to feel important.” 3 3. Learning something new. 4 4. Engaging in physical activity. Have them take advantage Whether it is a short walk or a The specialist explains however, that of the different tools and workout routine that can be“When we notice that they are truly opportunities there are to done at home, is important forstruggling, they should be assigned someo- learn a new language or take them to exercise.ne that can look out for them. This doesn’t a class that is useful to them.always have to be a nurse; it can be a familymember or caretaker.” Paz emphasizes that the wrong reasons. Revaluating thewhile their care often falls on the shoulders medications they are on is critical,” ourof a particular family member, it is impor- geriatrician states.tant for everyone to provide their supportand spend time with them. On the other hand, when the physi- cian’s instructions are absolutely neces-ARE MEDICATIONS NECESSARY? sary, “…having someone with the patienceAnother important factor is knowing to convince and explain why they shouldwhat medications are worth continuing take them is important. This type of careto take. Dr. Paz points out that patients requires special attention, time and theoften get overloaded with pills.“Sometimes perceived symptoms are •ability to convince them that the treat-actually side-effects of other medica-tions and medications are prescribed for ment is for their own wellbeing.” 9

CON TU MUNDO( )tendencias A INCENTIVAR LAS RELACIONES CARA A CARA La comunicación presencial es cada vez más escasa debido a la frecuente interacción en las redes sociales. Es momento de volver a verles la cara a los amigos y familiares. FOSTERING FACE-TO-FACE COMMUNICATION Due to social networking, in-person interpersonal relationships are becoming less and less common. It is time to go back to spend time with your friends face to face. ASESORA CONSUELO VIVAS PERDOMO Psicóloga, adscrita a Coomeva Medicina Prepagada ADVISOR CONSUELO VIVAS PERDOMO Psychologist at Coomeva Medicina Prepagada

Mucho se ha hablado sobre las con- A lot has been said about the conse- secuencias que han traído las nue- quences that new technology and vas tecnologías y las redes sociales social networking have broughta las relaciones interpersonales contempo- upon modern interpersonal relationships.ráneas. Es cada vez más creciente la preocu- This has become a growing concern, aspación porque las conversaciones cara a face to face conversations are becomingcara van desapareciendo y las personas pre- less common and people prefer to interactfieren interactuar a través de chats, mensa- through chats, voice messages, and at best,jes de voz y, en el mejor de los casos, through actual phone calls. What can wemediante llamadas de voz. ¿Cómo incenti- do then to foster face-to-face relationships?var entonces las relaciones cara a cara? According to psychologist Consuelo Para la psicóloga Consuelo Susana Vivas Susana Vivas Perdomo, we should firstPerdomo, primero hay que tener en cuenta understand that technology and social net-que estas tendencias de redes y tecnología working trends have allowed people to livehan permitido vivir en un mundo con in a world with an expanded ability tomayor comunicación y les ha mejorado communicate, greatly improving the rela-mucho las relaciones a personas que antes tionships of people who otherwise wouldtenían poca interacción con sus familiares, have little interaction with their familysobre todo por temas de distancia; “sin members, especially because they live farembargo, a causa de ellas un tercio de las away from each other, “But because of thesepersonas a nivel mundial se comunica cada trends, a third of people throughout thevez menos cara a cara con sus seres queridos world communicate less with their lovedy por consiguiente hemos observado que se ones face to face, and as a result of this, thevan deteriorando las relaciones con nuestra relationships with our families, partners,familia, pareja, colegas y amistades”. colleagues and friends have deteriorated.” Además, parece que las amistades han It also seems that the number of ourcrecido exponencialmente en los últimos friendships has grown exponentially in recentaños, pues los amigos antes eran quienes se years. Before, friends were those people yousentaban a tomar algo o compartían en la sat down and had a drink with or spent timevida en medio de los quehaceres, pero together as you ran errands. Now, a friend isahora la cosa va mucho más allá de eso: much more than these things: it is the personamigo es el que aparece en la lista de contac- that appears in your WhatsApp contact list ortos de Whatsapp o los que están en el chat who is on your Facebook messenger list. Inde Facebook. En palabras de la experta: the words of our expert, “In a very short“de los amigos contados con los dedos de amount of time, we have gone from havinguna mano se ha pasado en poco tiempo a only the friends we can count on one hand totener cientos, a los que la mayoría de las having hundreds of them, the majority ofveces nunca se les ha dado un abrazo”. which we have never even hugged.” Quizá aquí empieza uno de los malen- Perhaps this is where one of these misun-tendidos: creer que estas plataformas digita- derstanding lies: we think that these digital

(Aquí empieza uno de los malentendidos: creer que estas plata- formas digitales que permiten algún tipo de acercamiento, van a redundar en una verdadera relación.les que permiten algún tipo de acercamien- platforms that allow some type of contactto, van a redundar en una verdadera rela- are going to lead to an actual relationship,ción, con sus consecuencias plenas. Ya se and everything that comes with it. We allsabe que relacionarse es una necesidad, know we need connection, but as centuriespero ese relacionamiento, en siglos y siglos have evolved, this connection has transfor-de evolución, ha devenido y se ha concreta- med and a simple ingredient is necessary todo en una regla simple: la corporeidad. have it: physical, human contact. “Las relaciones con la familia, amigos y “As face-to-face communication is beco-colegas están cambiando a medida que la ming less common, relationships withgente se comunica menos cara a cara. family, friends and colleagues are changing.Investigaciones concluyen que un tercio sig- Researchers conclude that at least a third ofnificativo de las personas admitió que se people admit that they communicate less incomunica menos de manera presencial con person with their parents (31%), childrensus padres (31 por ciento), hijos (33 por (33%), partners (23%) and friends (35%)ciento), parejas (23 por ciento) y amigos (35 because they can see and communicatepor ciento) porque pueden verlos y comuni- with them through digital networks,”carse con ellos a través de las redes digita- explains Vivas Perdomo. According to theles”, aseguró Vivas Perdomo, lo que no deja specialist, this shows that our way of interac-de mostrar —en palabras de la especialista— ting with one another is changing, whichque sí está cambiando la manera de interac- can sometimes leave repercussions behindtuar, lo que a veces suele dejar secuelas such as loneliness and sadness.amargas como soledad y tristeza. Vivas Perdomo clarifies that social net- La psicóloga Vivas Perdomo aclara que works have completely changed romanticlas redes han cambiado todo el proceso rela- relationships from the point at which wecional desde la primera toma de contacto, first meet, to when we breakup, andhasta la ruptura, pasando por los celos. “En through feelings of jealously. “In each ofcada una de estas fases, los jóvenes actuales these stages, today’s youth experience anmuestran una creciente vertiente digital en increased involvement of digital networkssus relaciones. Así, el 50 por ciento inicia la in their relationships. Fifty percent of youthrelación a través de las redes, el 16 por cien- begin their relationships through social net-to manifiesta sus celos en el mismo canal, works, and sixteen percent express jealouslypor ejemplo, pidiendo a sus parejas que eli- through them. They ask their partners, forminen a sus ‘ex’ como amigos de Facebook, example, to eliminate their “ex” from their

Twitter u otra plataforma; y un 6 por cien- Facebook or Twitter friends, or from otherto las utiliza para poner fin a la relación”. digital platforms. And six percent use them to end their relationships.”DESDE OTRA PERSPECTIVASin embargo no todo es negativo. La especia- FROM ANOTHER PERSPECTIVElista señala que las redes sociales han permi- Not everything is negative, however. The spe-tido que personas tímidas se puedan expre- cialist points out that social networks havesar tranquilamente. Aunque en este caso, la allowed shy people to express themselvesred social nunca debería ser un sustituto del easily. While social networks should nevercontacto presencial, pero “sí un escenario en serve as a substitute for personal contacts,el que se puedan practicar las habilidades “They are a place where you can practicesociales, antes de hacerlo en público”. social skills before using them in public.”Además, está el tema favorito de muchos, There is also everyone’s favorite topic, thela búsqueda de pareja, que a partir de los search for a significant other, which after agetreinta años cuesta mucho. “Los amigos tie- thirty, becomes more difficult. “People’snen su vida y las oportunidades de conocer friends have lives of their own and the oppor-personas nuevas es bastante escasa. Muchos tunities for meeting new people are quitedesearían poder conocer a gente nueva. Las limited. Many would like to meet new peop-redes sociales pueden facilitar este tipo de le. Social networks can allow for these typescontactos. Puede conocer los perfiles, enta- of contacts. You can get to know their profi-blar conversaciones y, si convencen, realizar les, start conversations, and if there is inte-citas cara a cara. Pero también hay que rest, set a date to meet in person. But youactuar con cautela en estas situaciones”. also have to be careful in these situations.”Las redes sociales propician el contac- Social networks promote communica-to, la comunicación, pero no hay un tion, but there is no better way to connectmejor panorama para el relacionamiento with the tangible world than through realque la experiencia real, que no la digital. experience. One of the best examples ofUno de los mejores ejemplos son los this are those arguments that arise becau-altercados por malos entendidos por con- se of misunderstandings in WhatsAppversaciones en Whatsapp, así que sería conversations. So, put away your cellbueno guardar de vez en vez el celular y phone every once in a while, and discover(buscar la cara de los demás. the actual face of others.Perhaps this is where oneof these misunderstanding lies: wethink that these digital platforms thatallow some type of contact are goingto lead to an actual relationship.

CONSEJOS PARA LOS PADRES TIPS FOR PARENTS1 Establecer tiempos para el uso del 1 Set times for your children to use computador e internet. the computer and internet.2 Supervisar de vez en cuando los con- 2 Monitor the content your children tenidos a los que acceden los hijos. access on occasion. Have a certain Tenga un grado de confianza con su degree of trust established with your hijo para que los padres puedan child so that you can access their ingresar a la cuenta personal. personal account.3 Ubicar el computador en un lugar 3 Locate the computer in a común de la casa y colocarla de forma common room making it possible tal que sea posible supervisar visual- to have a visual of what appears mente lo que aparece en la pantalla. on the screen.4 Promover la realización de activida- 4 Encourage doing activities outside of des fuera de casa que fortalezcan the house that foster learning, engaging el aprendizaje, la actividad física o in physical activity or establishing social •las relaciones sociales con amigos •relationships with friends of the same de la misma edad age as your child



WITH YOUR WORLD( )your generation THE BEGINNING OF While we are still feeling the impact of Generation Y (alsoGENERATION Z known as “the millennials”) in social, economic, work and consumer The generation born after 1995 and environments, among others, Generation how they interact with others. Z is beginning to create a wave in today’s society with the challenges it places on ADVISOR adults in terms of parenting an-d educa- ANGÉLICA SUÁREZ BRITO tion. Learning to understand their wants Psychologist, practitioner at and behaviors in order to raise them well Coomeva Medicina Prepagada is a challenge for parents and teachers. Millennials are those that were born in the eighties. While they have convin- ced the world to change the rules of the game in many areas especially with cultu- re, thanks to developing technology16

WHO IS ( )WITH YOUR WORLD GENERATION Z? 17 Generation Z are the brothers and sisters of generation Y (millennials), so they are not very different. These are children and teens that have not developed certain levels of social empathy; their relationships are either few and far between or nonexis- tent. They have grown up staring at diffe- rent screens: TVs, tablets, cell phones, and computer or laptop screens. Their lack of emotion is therefore noticeable. “As parents and as a society, we often act as material providers, not as emotional ones. This is what we need to work on most,” says psychologist Angélica Suárez Brito. The most common reasons these age groups see psychologists is often related to their low level of tolerance for frustra- tion and their inability to identify with authority figures. This is due to the fact that they spend the majority of their time on the internet, where they are always on equal terms with those they interact with; therefore, when it comes time to deal with adults face to face,those that belong to Generation Z haveinherited even greater challenges. Thisnew generation was born with techno-logy as part of their DNA, which canaffect their mental connection withothers, and the behaviors, attitudes andskills they have. This generation includes those thatwere born after 1995, which is why theyare just now beginning to have a signifi-cant effect on labor markets. If you aresomeone that is part of this generation orif you have children or family members init, the following tips from psychologistAngélica Suárez Brito may help youunderstand them.

( )WITH YOUR WORLDHOW THEY PREFER TO COMMUNICATE SCHOOLS CAN ALSO HELPOur specialist explains that there are two ways that generation Z communicates. One isthrough processes of symbolic interaction, where they can overcome any communication As we can observe, school environ-barrier by using emoticons. This becomes a problem when they have to communicate in ments are just as important asthe real world. When they enter this world, their social skills dissolve, they have a hard family ones, as children and teena-time being empathetic with others and letting their wants be known; and when they expe- gers spend the majority of theirrience a confrontation, they do not know how to respond without being aggressive. “They time there. Parents and educatorsare used to everything being black or white, and if they don’t like something, they will therefore have an equal responsibi-send an angry face. But when they are not on social networks, they do not have the skills lity, “Schools face the challenge ofto respond with sound arguments,” Angélica states. offering an education that fits the needs of Generation Z. This is aLEARN TO UNDERSTAND THEM AND generation that is not easily fooled.GUIDE THEM IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION They research, analyze and ques- tion everything they are told, whichIt is therefore essential to show you care for them, both as parents and as people is why school curriculums shouldinvolved in their education. At all times, demonstrate how those from Generation Z change in order to provide solu-are important and emphasize that they have all the mental and behavioral skills to tions that fit their needs,” our psy-change the world, strengthening their self-esteem and personal efficacy. chologist argues, adding, “SchoolsWith advances in technology, “They have everything at the tips of their fingers in terms must change to offer them solutionsof communication, education and their ability to interact. If they manage to fit all of to what they ask for.”this in to having more affectionate interactions in their relationships and in their social Suárez concludes by emphasizingand educational settings, we will have a better generation,” our psychologist remarks. that another important issue is toFamilies have the great challenge of not just being their material providers, but include them in the decisions ofas being responsible for raising this generation to reciprocate emotionally. Set different government areas and insome clear expectations for them and demonstrate the difference between vir- private sectors so that programstual and human reality. on health and recreation with the tools that strengthen their quali-18 •ties and skills can reach this generation

( )WITH YOUR WORLDTAKING ACTION TOPREVENT STROKEStroke prevention is as simple aspracticing healthy life habits. ADVISOR With stroke, always remember the mortality rates of stroke which is why the ALFREDO VILLA number four. There are four Colombian Association of Neurology Vascular neurologist, warning signs that can help you (CAN) is joining an initiative of a grouppractitioner at Coomeva identify stroke on time, and only when of organizations from around the world to Medicina Prepagada. medical attention is sought in the four reduce this rate. This initiative promotes and a half hours following the onset of using the term FAST (see Helpful tip, symptoms can you reduce the consequen- “What is FAST?”) to identify symptoms ces of its aftermath. and save lives. In Colombia, it is estimated that 38% As vascular neurologist Luis Alfredo of patients are not familiar with the symp- Villa explains, all these symptoms occur toms of stroke and only 40% of sympto- suddenly and patients may experience just matic patients call an emergency response one of them, “A person can be just fine, line. This low awareness increases the and from one moment to the next, theirWHAT IS FAST? KNOW THE SYMPTOMS1 FACE: droopiness or numb- 2 ARM: loss of strength or 3 SPEECH: difficulty 4 TIME: act fast and imme- the inability to keep the ness on one side of the face, arm raised. speaking or slurred diately seek emergency or difficulty smiling. medical attention. speech. 19

( )WITH YOUR WORLDbody can experience a loss in its ability to WHAT TO DO Cerebrovascular accidents are a criti-function. Whether this means problems DURING A cal and complex medical emergency.with balance, walking, vision problems, STROKE When a person is treated successfully,communication problems or if they beco- they are considered to have regainedme paralyzed on one side, all these are ► Note the time of the their ability to function and the sidevery clear signs of stroke.” onset of symptoms. effects of the stroke have been reduced. Successful treatment also depends on It is critical to find medical attention ► The person that calls or whether the patient receives timelyin the four and a half hours following the seeks out emergency medical attention and thrombolytic the-onset of these signs. Villa warns that after services with the patient rapy, which helps unblock the arterythis period, nothing can be done for the should know their medi-patient and the consequences are irrever- cal history, and if possi-sible: vision loss, loss of the ability to ble, should be someonecommunicate and loss of movement on that was with themone side of the body or complete paralysis. during the event.WHAT IS A CVA? ► Be familiar with the city’sA cerebrovascular accident (CVA), also hospitals that are “brainknown as a stroke, is a group of diseases friendly” (level three care-that affect the blood vessels supplying providing facilities).blood to the brain. A CVA can occur fortwo reasons: an artery can be clogged, also in 90 of every 100,000 people a year, theknown as thrombosis, or a blood vessel most greatly affected population beingcan burst, referred commonly to as a brain women over age 60. A CVA may happen tohemorrhage. CVA occurs when a part of anyone and at any age, however. Statisticsthe brain is cut off from the blood flow, also show that of every 10 people that havecausing nerve cells or neurons to die. had or have almost had a CVA, one person has another one within a month; between “Eighty-five percent of cerebrovascular one and two people have one with in theaccidents are caused by thrombosis, which first year; and between three and five peop-is a blood clot that originates from a le within the following five years.blood vessel in the heart or from theblood itself. This can interrupt blood flowto the brain and can block large, medium-sized or small vessels. Fifteen percent ofCVAs are the result of brain hemorrha-ges,” Villa explains. According to the CAN, in Colombia, afirst-time cerebrovascular accident occurs20

( )WITH YOUR WORLD either with a special substance that breaks down the thrombus, or with an intravascular device that can mechanica- lly trap, extract or aspirate it. OTHER KEY STROKE CAN BE PREVENTED SYMPTOMS The statistics are striking. According to Weakness or sudden numb- the Colombian Association of ness on one side of the body. Neurology, 25 of every 100 people that have a severe cerebrovascular accident Sudden difficulty walking, do not survive. One of every six people intense nausea, falling or may have a stroke throughout their lives. lack of coordination. Throughout the world, it is estimated that a stroke occurs every two seconds, Sudden loss of vision and every six seconds someone dies as a in one eye. result of it. In Colombia, close to 45,000 people experience stroke each year. An intense headache, often described as the “worst The question is, how can stroke be pre- headache” of their life. vented? The best way to reduce the chan- ces of having one and to reduce its impact Changes of alertness, loss on a patient’s quality of life is to modify of knowledge. its risk factors or conditions such as: high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol,(High blood pressure is the main being overweight, physical inactivity, heart risk factor of stroke. Others include irregular disease, tobacco use, and alcohol and heartbeats, diabetes and a family history substance abuse. The overall key is to lead of the condition. a healthy lifestyle. “We must address strokes and recogni- ze that they can be treated. If we are aware of the symptoms of this condition, if heal- thcare professionals can act immediately and if healthcare authorities provide us with the tools we need, we can expect bet- ter treatment and outcomes for our patients,” states Carlos Eduardo Rivera •Ordoñez, coordinator of the CVA commi- ttee and of the CAN 21

WITH YOUR WORLD( )go natural HERBS: Sage reduces anxiety, lowers fever, aids digestive problems A NATURAL and slows the appearance of PHARMACY gray hairs. It can be used as a condiment or as a tea, and its Growing herbs at leaves and flowers (which are home makes it easier edible) can be used in salads to use them to treat and desserts. illnesses and to cook Thyme is a good source of more naturally. vitamin A and regenerates the nails, hair and skin. It is ADVISOR In addition to being used to alleviate an anti-inflammatory, antibio- FRANCISCO ALBERTO the symptoms of certain illnesses, tic and antiseptic and can be herbs can also be used as condiments, used to treat the flu. Its oil CAÑÓN PRIETO in dressings or in hot beverages in the kit- can be used to treat acne, Physician, practitioner at chen. They can serve as a salt substitute eczema and psoriasis. Coomeva Medicina Prepagada. because they help flavor food, and can be used in teas or caffeinated beverages as a Basil is an anti-inflammatory, helps benefit to the nervous system. relieve arthritis, is a source of vita- mins A, C and K, as well as mine- “Herbal teas have been used for health rals such as magnesium, iron, cal- and wellbeing reasons since prehistoric cium and potassium. It can be times. They are part of many family tradi- used as an insect repellent and as tions and popular culture continues belie- a condiment in the kitchen. ving in them,” states Francisco Cañón Prieto, physician and specialist in German biological medicine. Some herbs that can be grown at home include sage, thyme, basil, mint, chamomile, lemon balm and •calendula. It can be useful to know the different uses of these herbs22

( )WITH YOUR WORLDLemon balm helps calm the nerves Chamomile tea can help calm Mint can be used to keep ants,and can be used to treat insomnia, the nerves and is helpful in spiders and rodents away. It alsoheadaches, the flu and viruses such digestion. It has anti-inflamma- relieves congestion, headaches,as oral herpes. It acts as a sedative, tory, anti-bacterial, anti-allergy migraines, menstrual crampingaids in digestion and serves as an and sedative properties. and improves digestion. In theinsect repellent. Chewing its leaves kitchen, it can be used as a teaafter you eat can help prevent hali- and can be added to sauces,tosis (bad breath). soups and desserts.FLOWER-POT GARDENBecause of all the benefits herbs provide, it can be helpful to have your own garden. As Francisco Cañón says, “It’s like a natural pharmacy. Theseplants are fragrant and can be used as a garnish. In addition to this, watering them and talking to them can be therapeutic.” This also serves as anincentive to cook at home in order to consume less-processed foods. To start your own flower-pot garden at home, consider the following tips:1 Identify where you 4 For those herbs that need a will plant the herbs, when the sun will hit lot of light, avoid placing them and how strong them in direct sunlight. the wind is. Leave them in the balcony when it is good weather, and2 Buy dirt, a substrate bring them into the kitchen mixture and sand, and when it is cold. Add humus mix them all together. or natural fertilizers to them once a month. They should3 If you are planting the seeds be replaced every year. of the herbs, place them in small recipients, plant them, 5 In order to keep ants away, place them in the sun, and water them in the morning. spray them with a solution When these seedlings reach of liquid soap, lavender or 5 cm, transfer them to nettle extract. flower pots. 23

WITH YOUR WORLD( )preventionKNOW MOREWOMEN AND ALCOHOL THE SECRET OF A LONG-LASTINGConducted between 1997 and 2014, a reportwas issued recently by the U.S. National RELATIONSHIPInstitute of Health on the behaviors of theelderly. The report, Trends in Alcohol ► Researchers from North CarolinaConsumption Among Older Americans, found State University in the U.S. indicatethat the excessive use of alcohol (four drinks in that to maintain a long relationship, ittwo hours) increased by 3.7% annually among is not enough to just thank your part-women, while this figure remained stable ner. According to the study, Puttingamong men. Health authorities recommend the “You” in “Thank You”: Examininglimiting alcoholic beverages to seven drinks a Other-Praising Behavior as the Activeweek, having no more than three drinks at a Relational Ingredient in Expressedtime. In order to keep your consumption Gratitude, if you want to show yourmoderate, drink slowly and eat food so that it love, the secret is to use phrases thatcan be absorbed properly, also avoid drinking express how the other’s actionsalcohol when you are thirsty. It is also okay to benefit you.say, “No more, thank you.” ► For example, if your partner washed 10 % the dishes that day, tell them, “You knew just what I needed, you were so OF AN ADULT’S DIET SHOULD COME considerate.” This way, the focus is on FROM THE CONSUMPTION OF PROTEIN. the person that is being thanked. THERE ARE 10 G OF PROTEIN IN A CUP OF MILK AND 6 G IN AN EGG. (TENGA EN CUENTA)HOMEMADE FOOD IS SUGAR AND ITS RELA- In order to foster a positive attitu-GOOD FOR BABIES TO EAT TIONSHIP TO DEMENTIA de, focus your thoughts on what is good instead of on your problems.In a study published in the journal According to data fromInternational Journal of Obesity, resear- the Framingham Heart Being thankful for everything ischers from the McGill University Health Study (FHS), published in the key.Centre in Canada found that babies that the journals Alzheimer’s &were fed with homemade baby food ins- Dementia and Stroke,tead of manufactured baby food had a people that drink sugarylower body fat index when they were bet- beverages such as packa-ween one and three. Researchers indicate ged fruit juices or sodasthat the study could provide clues about have greater chances ofhow to prevent diseases related to poor developing some type ofeating choices. dementia.24

)WITH YOUR BODY 2,5 CUPS OF COFFEE IS THE AVERAGE NUM- BER OF CUPS COLOMBIANS DRINK A DAY, ACCORDING TO SCIENTIFIC DATA FROM THE TOMA CAFÉ (“DRINK COFFEE”) PROGRAM.CAFFEINE IS AN ANTIOXIDANT THAT INCREASES MUSCLESTRENGTH AND STIMULATES THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. WHENDRANK IN EXCESS, IT CAN BE HARMFUL TO YOUR BODY’S HEALTH.A HEALTHY HABIT A BALANCED DIET AN ALLY TO YOUR HEALTHThe regular and moderate consumption Coffee can be a part of a healthy lifesty- According to research, drinking coffee isof coffee can reduce unnecessary death le along with other practices such as a associated with a 28% lower risk ofcaused by cardiovascular problems. It balanced diet, a healthy body weight and having Parkinson’s disease.can also reduce the chances of develo- physical activity.ping diabetes mellitus type 2.

WITH YOUR BODY( )for her BEING HEALTHY AND IN SHAPE WITHOUT BECOMING OBSESSED Social networks influence people’s desires to maintain a slender and healthy body. Make good decisions with the advice of a physician.26

ADVISOR JAIME DUEÑAS ADAMS ( )WITH YOUR BODY Psychiatrist, practitioner at 27 Coomeva Medicina PrepagadaSocial networks have turned into a place to showcase diets, exercises and tips on how to stay in shape. Becoming obsessedwith a lifestyle based on image, however, canlead to problems such as eating disorders. An eating disorder is when an individualtakes on an extreme behavior related to weight,eating or body image problems. The mostcommon eating disorders are anorexia nervosaand bulimia. Body dysmorphic disorder, howe-ver, is also common, “This is when someonehas an excessive concern for their body whenthere is only a small or minor abnormality ordysfunction in the body, and can lead to bothphysical and mental conditions,” states JaimeDueñas Adams, psychiatrist. Other similar disorders include orthore-xia, an obsession for eating foods consideredto be healthy, and muscle dysmorphia, whichis defined as the need to have a muscularbody. According to our specialist, these beha-viors become health problems when theybecome repetitive. In some cases, “Some teenagers or adultsbecome influenced by the media or socialnetworks, they identify with these mentalconditions or symptoms and they end upbelieving they have this disease,” he states. When someone who is concerned abouttheir image does not eat well or stops eating,this can have serious consequences on theirhealth and lifestyle, and can also affect theirpersonal relationships.CHECK WITH YOUR DOCTORThe need for approval found on social net-works reinforces this behavior. “People areexcessively concerned about body image orabout looking good to others out of a fear of‘what others will say’ or of being criticized forone’s body,” our specialist explains. There are also those that promote newhealth or fitness trends, “They suggest totheir readers that there are certain dangers or

WITH YOUR BODY( )for her 1,5 KG OR AT LEAST A HALF KG IS HOW MUCH PEOPLE WHO SUFFER FROM ANOREXIA SHOULD GAIN WHEN THEY ARE UNDER TREATMENT TO RECOVER THEIR WEIGHT. consequences of trying to have a healthy IDENTIFY THE WARNING body, when their real interest is selling their SIGNS BEFORE products and not actual health.” IT’S TOO LATE People must therefore interpret this type of Being able to identify the different types of information critically and work closely with a eating disorders will help you know when to physician in order to reach their projected ask for help. health goals, and later, consider their image. ► Restricting type anorexia: Is characterized Dr. Dueñas also adds that to help people by fasting and limiting the foods one eats. that are suffering from one of these disor- ders, in addition to educating them, indivi- ► Purging type anorexia: Is often confused dual psychotherapy and psychiatric and psy- with bulimia and is characterized by the need chological medical treatment is necessary. to purge the food. In regard to the variety of products and ► Bulimia: This disorder is characterized by methods available to stay in shape, our spe- binge eating followed by purging through cialist recommends being careful, understan- laxatives or self-induced vomiting. ding that everybody is different, and that being disciplined and believing in yourself ► Binge eating disorder: In contrast to bulimia, are essential to reaching your goals. this disorder is characterized by someone that eats in excess and eats out of control, but Symptoms such as having extreme ideas does not force themselves to purge their food. about appearance that are not real (such as feeling overweight when you are not), ► Orthorexia: An obsession for ideas and being excessive about caring for yourself, behaviors that are related to having an extre- rejecting invitations to eat out with your mely healthy diet. friends and inexplicable weight loss are some signs of extreme behavior or of chan- ges in behavior that can warn of a percep- •tion related problem and can help prevent long-term effects on health28

( )WITH YOUR BODY 29

WITH YOUR BODY( )for your smile SMOKE-FREE ORAL HEALTH Staying away from this dangerous habit benefits the entire body. Its greatest benefit is with oral hygiene. ADVISOR Smoking cigarettes has proven to be a ÁNGELA LEAL leading cause of the onset of gum disease, which can manifest as a sim- Dentist ple inflammation of the gums to serious disease causing tooth loss. In addition to smoking, other factors Smoking causes cells to change, alte- such as the neglect or lack of dental hygie- ring the quality of saliva. These are pro- ne practices can lead to other conditions gressive changes and not regenerative such as bad breath or sensitivity: “When ones. “We have many different types of teeth become lose and gum disease is diag- salivary glands in our mouths, and the nosed, the patient cannot eat hard, cold or more someone smokes, the more cells are hot foods, affecting their quality of life.” affected,” explains Dr. Leal. THE ROAD TO RECOVERY Gum disease does not directly affect According to Dr. Leal, when a smoker the teeth, it affects the tissues and decides to quit, the most important factor bones that hold teeth in, as well as the for a successful recovery is motivation. gums. Tooth enamel also becomes pig- mented, which is what generally leads “The first step to take is to get an patients to see their dentists, our spe- appointment with your dentist who can cialist explains. provide you with a treatment plan depen- ding on how its impact has affected your “Tobacco use is one of the main rea- teeth,” the specialist explains. sons implant surgeries are not performed. A patient that has lost their teeth due to These people should increase how cigarette-induced gum disease will often they see their dentist to at least every encounter many challenges in order to recover from it,” the doctor states.30

( )WITH YOUR BODY(When you quit smoking, you reduce “After treating oral health, comes reha- the risk of gum infections and disease; gums bilitation: the patient should be able to become healthier, and due to the greater produc- use their teeth in a functional way, they tion of saliva, the body has a greater ability shouldn’t feel pain from them and to neutralize plaque. patients should be able to smile,” our spe- cialist explains.three or four months. The next step to tics, when health is what is most important.take is to restore your oral hygiene, use Patients should have functional teeth, as the There are several different types offloss and drink plenty of water. Since smo- mouth is an integral part of the body.” treatments and teeth whitenings for this.king affects the quality of your saliva, this These processes, however, cannot comple-reduces its self-cleaning properties. Specialists should therefore start by tely whiten the teeth. removing cavities, plaque, worn-down For Dr. Leal, being healthy is what is most tooth restorations and take care of those Dr. Leal is clear that motivation is keyimportant, “Today people focus on aesthe- teeth that are in good health. to hygiene and that healthy habits are essential to recovering oral health after you stop smoking. “When patients’ teeth look good, they begin to take care of them more and they are the ones that call and make appoint- ments with specialists.” GOOD ORAL HYGIENE In addition to flossing regularly and brushing at least three times a day, it is also important to change your toothbrush when the bristles begin to wear, and use mouthwashes or rinses that help elimina- te the bacteria that remain after brushing. The specialist points out that little by little, with the help and support of family, a person that quits smoking and follows the recommendations for getting their health back will benefit from a healthy •smile, will have a better quality of life and will feel better about themselves 31

WITH YOUR BODY( )infographicAT HOMEGET STRONGERA proper workout routine helps toprotect your musculoskeletal system.Always see a medical specialist if youexperience injuries or illness. ADVISOR DAYRA ERAZO ORDOÑEZ Physiatrist, practitioner at Coomeva Medicina PrepagadaPUSH-UPS Strengthens the muscle group belonging to the shoulders and prevents rotator cuff injuries in youth.Reps: 3 sets of 12ARM RAISES Strengthens the muscle groups belonging to the arms (biceps, triceps) and shoulders.Reps: 3 sets of 15CRUNCHES In order to make sure they have an effect, the key is to do them correctly. Among other benefits, different types of crunches can help prevent back pain, improve posture, and help tone the muscles.Reps: 3 sets of 4

KEEP IN MINDBEFORE YOU BEGIN HYDRATEDo a 5 to 10-minute aerobic Water serves severalwarm-up with cardiovascular functions before, during andactivities such as running, jogging after exercise: it stabilizesand stretching. This helps prevent your blood volume andinjury and improves endurance. regulates body temperature.A BALANCED DIET COOL DOWNMaintain a balanced diet: avoid Ending your routine with lightfried foods, packaged foods, and stretching can help reducedark sugary beverages and include muscle pain, reduce thefresh products such as vegetables chances of getting injuredthat contribute micronutrients and and help you be looser formacronutrients. your next workout. SQUATS This exercise strengthens the hip and quadricep muscles. Reps: 3 sets of 10 LUNGES Both knees should form a 90-degree angle. Lunges strengthen the quadriceps and the knees. Reps: 3 sets of 10STRENGTHEN THE HEART AND BURN FATJUMP ROPE ZUMBAThis activity is ideal for gaining Exercise based on music and rhythm.strength, balance and resistance. Incorporates all muscle groups.Frequency: Frequency:2 times a week 2 times a week

WITH YOUR BODY( )trendsTHE EFFECTS OF AIR QUALITY Our health and wellbeing are com- pletely dependent upon nature.ON YOUR HEALTH This is a reciprocal relationship, as the planet’s health also depends on us. Protect yourself from While it has always been this way, air pollution and learn currently it is more noticeable due to the impact the environment’s deterioration is more about it. having on our health. ADVISOR The foods that we eat, the water we MARIANA drink and the air we breathe are resources CORREA AGUIRRE that come from the earth to meet our Internal medicine physician basic needs. Since the Industrial Revolution, however, and especially in recent decades, the soil where we produce our food, our water resources and the atmosphere have become contaminated, negatively affecting our health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 23% of deaths around the world are related to environmental factors. Two- thirds of this percentage is directly related to air pollution.

(Exposure to environmental pollution can cause allergic or irri- tant conjunctivitis, which is why it is important to keep your eyes hydrated. Internal medicine physician Mariana Correa Aguirre discusses the effects of air pollution on health, “There are a number of industrial processes or products that we use that produce particles, which because of their size and type, are inhaled. Instead of staying in the nose, these particles go direc- tly to the lungs. This is how this part of the body is harmed directly or how it experien- ces a direct inflammatory response.” Anatomically, our respiratory systems have physiological barriers that filter the air so that it can enter the lungs in its purest form. Despite this, there are parti- cles that are so small that they pass through all of these filters and become lodged in the lung tissue. These particles are known as PM 2.5 because their size is equal or less than 2.5 micrometers or to offer a more concise idea they are one- hundred times thinner than a human hair. The majority of these particles are produced by humans and are sent into the air via vehicles, power plants, factories and fuel combustion. CAUSE OF DISEASE Recent studies suggest that these types of particles play a role in children developing asthma and allergies, are the reason behind an increase of respiratory infec-

WITH YOUR BODY( )trends SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT IS IN OUR HANDStions such as pneumonia and bronchitis, ► Ride a bike, walk, use public transporta- ► Avoid smoking tobacco.and raise people’s chance of getting lung tion and carpool with classmates and ► Protect the forests and avoid behaviorscancer. They also have also shown to be coworkers.tied to cardiovascular diseases, as their that can lead to forest fires or destroysmall size allows them to enter the ► Avoid buying disposable and plasticbloodstream. A study conducted by the items that are not biodegradable. green areas in the city.John Hopkins Bloomberg School ofPublic Health, also relates long-term expo- ► Recycle garbage and reuse or compost ► Reduce your use of cleaning products.sure to ozone and PM 2.5 particles with what you can. ► Dispose of hazardous waste and chemi-depression. “It is known that CO2 affectsthe central nervous system in a way that ► Be careful not to throw garbage on the cals properly such as batteries, motor oil,can increase irritability, anxiety and street in the forest or at parks; place it indepression,” Correa Aguirre adds. This a bag or cover it. paint and solvents. Find places whereexplains why stress levels are high whenpeople spend time in the street either as ► Use pesticides and fertilizers sparingly in you can dispose of this type of waste.drivers or pedestrians. the garden. In cities with greater levels of pollu- Unfortunately, there is not much yoution, some flu or respiratory diseases can do about these particles. “Inside aoccur more often and last longer, “A lung, you can see the patches wherecough normally lasts one week. In places these particles are lodged. These pat-with higher pollution levels, a cough can ches are black, and they cannot be rever-last two weeks due to the fact that it takes sed to return to their original color,”longer for people’s respiratory epithelium the doctor adds. For now, prevention isto recover, the tissue that lines the organs the only option. “I don’t know if in theof the respiratory tract,” Dr. Correa future there will be the technology topoints out. In addition to coughing, clean the lungs, but I think we need topollution can cause nasal discharge, dry find the technology to clean the air,”noses and throats, and changes in the Dr. Correa states.voice to last longer. To help regenerate therespiratory epithelium after being sick, Over the last ten years, respiratorykeep your throat well hydrated with water, diseases have increased progressively whilehoney or fresh aloe vera. air quality has reduced gradually. As humans. we must take care of our health, “In general, when the air quality is but we also must take care of the environ-compromised and alerts are issued(yellow, orange or red), it is best to use a •ment, as it is very difficult to have a goodface mask,” the specialist suggests. Atthese times, it is important to avoid exer- quality of life with bad air qualitycising outside and to try not to exposemore vulnerable populations to the air,such as children, older adults and preg-nant women.



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WITH YOUR BODY( )x-ray THE FEMALE BLADDER Women generally have bad habits when it comes to urinating, often damaging the elasticity of their bladders or exposing themselves to urinary tract infections. Healthy urinary practices can help keep this DISEASE vital organ functioning properly. 3Evteory4 Infections, inflammations (cystitis), changes in the pelvic floor (which supports the bladder) and damages to the areas of the central nervous system that tell us to urinate, all lead to changes in how this bodily HOURS, IS HOW OFTEN THE function works and can cause fur- BLADDER SHOULD BE EMP- TIED. MAINTAIN A PRACTICE ther infection, urinary incontinence and even kidney damage. OF STAYING HYDRATED. PREVENTION ADVISOR 1 to 2 ALINA GIRALDO Some of the bad habits that can Urologist from the Faculty LITERS IS THE SUGGES- damage this organ and lead to uri- of Medicine at the TED DAILY AMOUNT OF nary infections include resisting the University of Antioquia urge to urinate, not drinking enough WATER WE SHOULD water, not sitting on the toilet pro- DRINK. THIS HELPS US perly, emptying the bladder only GO TO THE BATHROOM partially, abruptly interrupting ON A REGULAR BASIS. urination and not wiping correctly. These practices can and lead to bladder conditions. Pain or a burning sensation while urina- (KEEP IN MIND) Pelvic floor exercises (contracting and ting, as well as changes in the urine such releasing the bladder) should not be as with its color or a strong smell, can be Other recommendations include avoi- done while urinating. Care for this ding the use of panty liners on a daily signs of a urinary tract infection. basis and changing feminine hygiene organ as best as you can. pads frequently during menstruation.40

( )WITH YOUR BODY 41

BE CAREFUL WITHOCCASIONAL EXERCISE It is very important to get a physical checkup before beginning a sports activity. Be careful with doing extreme workout routines on the weekends.

ADVISOR GUILLERMO ORDOÑEZ OLMOS Sports medicine doctor, practitioner at Coomeva Medicina PrepagadaWe live in a time where people play sports at all costs, or seek good physical fitness however theycan. Tutorials on how to work out at home,or train yourself without the need of an ins-tructor or gym, have become popular. Also,the obsession for extremely healthy eatinghave led many to join the “healthy living”train without the support of an expert,which actually can be counterproductive. More than ever we see people on thestreets and riding bikes or going out tojog. While this a good thing, as exercisesthat strengthen the hart are vital to a heal-thy life, it is important to keep in mindthat one must meet certain conditions,and prevent injuries or health crisis. Guillermo Ordóñez Olmos, a sportsmedicine doctor, emphasizes that exerciseis important, especially when you have aroutine. It is one thing, however, forsomeone who is between their twentiesand thirties to decide to ride a bike forthree hours every day of the week (knownas a kamikaze), and that it is somethingvery different for someone that is over 40to do so. The physical conditions betweenthese ages are very different, and the olderyou are the more likely you are to haveinjuries or even suffer from a fall. “Several parameters must be taken intoconsideration, the first of which is physicalinactivity. If someone exercises only occasio-nally or is completely sedentary, or ifsomeone is just beginning and has theintention to do some type of scheduledworkout routine, it is best to first see yourdoctor, who can assess you and tell you ifyou have any health risks,” our expert states.

( )WITH YOUR BODYBE CAREFUL NOT TO OVERDO IT MAKE ning by doing exercise 30 minutes a day PHYSICAL that includes mild aerobic workouts such One of the most common problems INACTIVITY as jogging, walking, riding a bike or spin-the sports medicine doctor has encounte- A THING OF ning at least four times a week. This willred, is that people over 40 begin to do THE PAST help prevent complications and injury.marathon workout routines without see-ing their doctor and go from a state of According to the World Health With regard to whether it is risky to docomplete physical inactivity to very Organization, physical inactivity is the a lot of exercise just once a week, thedemanding workout routines. fourth greatest risk factor of death sports medicine doctor says, “As long as and corresponds to 6% of all deaths their physical conditions permit it, it’s “If an individual is over 40, they in the world. It is estimated that it is okay. It is better to do it once a week thanshould see a doctor to get an assessment also the main cause of approximately never. The ideal situation is to exerciseand identify their ability to do exercise 25% of breast and colon cancers, 27% two or three times more during the week,and any risks it may involve for them. One of cases of diabetes and approxima- especially with those sports activitiesthe right conditions have been identified, tely 30% of coronary artery disease. where there’s a greater risk of injury.”the individual should have a schedule thatslowly progresses their activity from lower His advice includes always stretching,to higher intensity within their esta- which ensures that the muscles warm upblished conditions.” properly. This stretching should be region- specific and should focus on the muscle For example, for physical activity that groups that will be exercised. It is also impor-targets cardiac therapy, exercise should be tant to consider your clothing: be sure thatdone in an organized manner on a daily it is proper for the movements that you willbasis. Experts advise getting small amount perform and that you have shoes that areof guidance at minimum. Dr. Ordóñez appropriate for the impact you have with theOlmos recognizes, however, that noteveryone can afford the support of an ins- •ground. When exercising, do not leave yourtructor. He therefore recommends begin- wellbeing or health aside44

)WITH YOUR MIND 85% OF DISEASES ARE PSYCHOSOMATIC, ACCORDING TO THE WHO.HEALTHY HABITS AND EMOTIONAL AND FAMILY CONNECTIONSARE IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN DISCUSSINGWELLBEING. INCLUDE THEM IN YOUR LIFE.EXERCISE FUEL FRIENDSHIPS BE EMOTIONALLY BALANCEDPlaying a sport is fundamental to Being socially active, staying in con- Managing stress and keeping a positi-improving your sense of happiness, as tact with friends, and having family ve attitude also help improve people’sit generates wellbeing. support are other important aspects state of health. to consider.

FOCUS ON ALZHEIMER’S The onset of this disease can be( )prevented through actions as simple as taking up a hobby. ADVISOR BERNARDO URIBE GARCÍA Neurologist You can get more information about neurodegenerative diseases at Revistasaludcoomeva.com Sources: Brightfocus Foundation and World Health Organization

Alzheimer’s is a disease that occurs when memory, inte- fic formula to prevent or treat it, we do know that the onset of llect, behavior and the ability to do everyday activities this disease can be fought. deteriorates. It is one of the main causes of disabilityand dependence among the elderly throughout the world. It has been proven that the more the mind has been challen- ged intellectually throughout one’s life, the less chances someo- While it mostly occurs in those who are over 65, it is not a ne will have of having the disease. People’s level of studies, theirnormal part of aging; once you turn this age, for example, the occupation and the knowledge people gain throughout theirdisease is not just going to appear. While the causes of non-hereditary Alzheimer’s are still unknown and there is no speci- •lives influences how the brain deals with degenerative problems. The key is to keep the brain active 2 A HEREDITARY CONDITION WARNING SIGNS INCLUDE: AN Up to 10% of diagnoses of this disease are due to hereditary ONGOING INABILITY factors that cause the conditionTO MANAGE A BUDGET to develop early. AND FORGETTING INFORMATION.THEY ARE NOT 70%THE SAME OF DEMENTIA CASESDementia is not a specific disease, it (APPROXIMATELY) OCCUR ASis a term to describe the serious A RESULT OF ALZHEIMER’S.deterioration of one’s mental abilities.Alzheimer’s, however, is the most EXERCISE YOUR MINDcommon form of dementia. ► Learn new skills. Some ideas include playing a musical ins-MEMORY trument, dancing or learning a new language.LAPSES ► Do activities that require an alert mental state such as rea-Those who are diagnosed with ding or doing sudokus, crosswords or word game puzzles.mild cognitive impairmentexperience memory issues that ► Practice arts such as painting or drawing. These stimulatedon’t manage to affect their mental processes.daily activities. This diagnosis isa risk factor of Alzheimer’s, ► Physical exercise has a positive impact on the mind.which is why prevention and Exercise at least 2 hours a week for it to be beneficial.follow-up is important.

WWIITTHHYYOOUURRMMININDD( ))little giantsSUPERIOR SKILLS,SUPERIOR KIDSWhile every child is different, identifyingthose kids that are highly skilled isimportant in order for them to experiencea normal development. ADVISOR Studies show that between 20 and that go beyond intellectual procedures in RICHARD 25% of highly gifted children expe- order to identify them. GIRALDO ARCILA rience social and emotional difficul- Neuropsychologist ties. The parents and family members of According to an article published by these prodigy children with exceptional Adrián García Ron and José Sierra Vázquez or gifted talent seem to be more narcissis- in the Spanish Association of Pediatrics tic than concerned with meeting and (AEP, Asociación Española de Pediatría), identifying their needs, or improving “There is no exact definition of a gifted their academic performance or their child. Because this group of children is very social and emotional lives. Why is this? diverse and because their cognitive abilities This is because for parents and teachers, can manifest in different ways, they are defi- the concept of “gifted children” is still ned as children that show a high capacity to not clear to them and even more so, how perform in intellectual, creative and/or these children should be handled artistic spheres. The psychoneurological remains unclear. characteristics of their sociocultural envi- ronment and of their personality can lead How can a child that is exceptionally to personal, academic and social problems.” gifted be identified? For many people, the definition of such a gifted child is limited WHAT MAKES THEM UNIQUE IS WHAT to being highly skilled at math or reading. MAKES THEM VULNERABLE This is a very poor and limited concept, The fact that they are “not like the others” however, as experts rely on other areas is the focus that many studies take, as this48

( )WITH YOUR MIND(Highly gifted children have mation about troubling events and yet the greater intelligence, are very creative, have a lack of their ability to understand them.” broad imagination and have an insatiable This type of depression occurs because curiosity that allows them to learn indepen- these children tend to be idealists and dently. These qualities make them unique. become frustrated when they do not reach their goals. Also, when they want to shareis attributed to being why gifted children these children and teens, which often these types of concerns they discover thatare more susceptible to anxiety and translates to stress, depression and their peers do not have the same ques-depression. According to neuropsycholo- anxiety. These behaviors are common in tions, which makes them feel different.gist, Richard Giraldo Arcila, this is a phe- children who are intellectually gifted.nomenon that leads them to want to be Other behaviors can also include rebe- Dr. Giraldo adds that these childrenlike others and to want to hide their abili- lliousness, denial, enuresis (bed wetting), also have what is called asynchronousties to avoid bullying and jealousy or envy stomach pains and night terrors. development, “They understand conceptsfrom their classmates and therefore have that are very advanced for their age. Formore friends or be more accepted. Psychologist Shirley Kokot also points example, at a young age they think about out that early existential depression is nor- poverty in the world and they have a cer- Loneliness or isolation are often mal in children that are exceptionally gif- tain degree of perfectionism, which leadscommon defense mechanisms among ted, “…due to their ability to absorb infor- them to fear failure. They set very high goals and when they don’t meet them they become very upset. In many cases, parents and teachers demand more of them than normal, and because the standards placed 49

WITH YOUR MIND( )little giantsupon them are higher, this leads them to adapt the to their needs, as sometimes they 10 KEYS TOfeeling a certain degree of frustration are not interested in what they are learning. IDENTIFY Awhen they don’t achieve what they want.” This can lead them to be unsuccessful at GIFTED CHILD school because they will be graded impro- In contrast to the common symptoms perly and stigmatized as having a supposed 1. Early language development.of depression in adults, at a young age, lack of interest in academic activities. 2. High memory capacity.depression among children can make 3. They read easily before age four.them more aggressive than normal. They Because this is a group of children that 4. They enjoy reading.prefer to do things on their own and they is considered to be “at risk” due to the 5. They have great lexical wealth.often cry for unexplainable reasons. complications that may experience in 6. They like to pose and solve newDepending on the phase they are in, their personal, social and academic lives,however, they may be able to it clearly it is crucial for parents and teachers to problems.explain what they feel. identify these children and create an inter- 7. They have talent in specific areas. disciplinary team that can provide guidan- 8. They often clash with routineBEING A KID DOES NOT HAVE ce on making and confirming a diagnosisTO BE COMPLICATED to foster an environment that is welco- tasks or irrelevant to them.While having a gifted child if is often a ming for them. 9. They are interested in transcen-source of pride for parents, the neuropsy-chologist recommends allowing them to Last, in addition to having understan- dental themes: morality, justice,have fun, “The fact that a child is highly gif- ding parents and family members, the wars, etc.ted does not mean that everything has to combination of psychological and psychia- 10. They have advanced sense ofbe perfect, it is important to allow them to humor and sensitivity. They aremake mistakes because they are learning. •tric therapy is also essential to improving perfectionists.Sometimes, the grades they earn at schoolare not a measure of what they know.” how highly gifted children feel In order to handle these type of chil-dren and teens, experts suggest rein-forcing their social and interper-sonal skills; while their skillsmay not be strong, improvingthem will help protect themfrom depression. At school, it isimportant for the curriculum to50