adi's body systems flipbook 2A

Body systems Adi Diaz 2A Ms. Beaty



Table of contents Integumentary system Musculoskeletal system Nervous system Special senses Cardiovascular system Respiratory system Digestive system Urinary system Reproductive system Resources links



Integumentary system Function: Health Care Careers Body temperature, Dermatologist: is a physician excretion, who diagnoses and treats protection, conditions and diseases of the perception of the skin, hair and nails stimuli Dermatology technician: specialized medical assistant Disease and who works in the skin care field. disorders Key terms Macule: asthma, flat, discolored lesion on the derm/o, dermat/o: skin. skin Vesicle: a small, raised kerat/o: hard skin lesion filled with clear xer/o: dry fluid. xanth/o: yellow Tinea: a skin erythr/o: red inflammation caused by pedicu/o: lice fungus onych/o:nail Wart: a small, hard myc/o: fungus benign growth caused by lip/o: fat a virus. thytid/o: wrinkle albin/o: white -

Vocab Glands: Is a cell, or groups of cells, that secretes substances wit in or out of the body. Acne: Inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous gland that produces pimples on the skin. Biopsy the removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination. Autograph: surgical transfer of tissue from another part of the patient's body to another part of the same body. Antibiotic: drug used to fight off or prevent infection. Biologic: drug derived from the living organism through molecular biology techniques Antiviral: drugs used to treat viral infections, such as herpes. Punch biopsy: a biopsy done with a small, circular blade that rotates down through the epidermis and dermis and into the subcutaneous layer. Allergy: skin test a skin test used to identify allergies. Burns: injuries to skin tissue caused by prolonged heat contact.

Musculoskeletal system Functions Diseases and disorders Holding body parts and making Myositis: inflammation of a movement possible, muscle. helping with the Paraplegia: paralysis of both legs digestive system and, often, the lower trunk. Support, and mineral Spasm: involuntary sudden storage, protection, movement or compulsive movement of muscle muscular contraction Strain: the stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon Healthcare careers Key Terms my/o: muscle Sports Medicine physician: treats myel/o: bone and prevents a sports-related marrow; spinal cord injuries of the bones, joints, and oste/o: bone muscles cost/o: rib Orthopedic surgeon: is a branch of crani/o: skull medicine focused on the treating or -pexy: surgical correcting musculoskeletal fixation conditions, including the spine and chondr/o: cartilage joint injuries or deformities arthr/o: joint -plegia: paralysis kinesi/o: movement

Vocabulary Joints: It can be found at any place of the body at which two or more bones connect, articulate. Axial skeleton: Consists of the bones along the Axis, or central part of the human skeleton Appendicular skeleton: is made up of 126 bones that attach the axial skeleton as appendages Upper extremities: are the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals , metacarpals and phalanges. Lower extremities: are the femur, patella,tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsals and phalanges. Fracture: a break in a bone Muscle: is a type of body tissue made up of bundles of fibers causing body movement Flexion: the movement of to body surfaces to toward each other, as in the act of bending Atrophy: wasting away or shrinkage of muscle size Myoma: tumor of a muscle

Nervous system Function Key Terms To control our neur/o: nerve body and send encephal/o: brain signals to the myel/o: muscle brain ambul/o: walking -esthesia: sensation Disease and disorders mening/o: meninges phych/o: mind Shingles: eruption of a concuss/o: to bruise painful rash, often on the Torso, caused by Careers: varicella-zoster virus TBI: also known as Neurosurgeon: and concussion specializes in treating OCD: irrational thoughts on diseases and conditions of the fears cause one to perform nervous system reverse the repetitive action Migraine: intense headache Physician anesthesiology: is causing pain in one area of a doctor who administers the head, nausea, light general anesthesia or sensitivity anesthetic to patients before surgery

Vocab Analgesic: Relieves pain stimulant: increases activity in the nervous system Neuron: also called, and nerve cells, are found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves Brain stem: connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord brain: is the center of mental functions such as think, reasoning, remembering, planning, and expressing emotion Central nervous system: brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system nerves that reach out and extend from the brain and spinal cord hypnotic: causes of sleep or loss of consciousness Phobia: exaggerated fear of a specific object or situation dementia characterized by memory loss, poor language expression and inability to care for oneself due to Progressive mental deterioration

Special senses Function Key Terms sense of sight: eyes (vision) irid/o: iris sense of smell: nose (smelling) -cusis: hearing sense of touch: skin (pain, -opia: vision condition pressure,temperature) ot/o: ear tympan/o: eardrum sense of taste: tongue( tasting) opthalm/o: eye -metry: process of sense of hearing: ears( listening) measuring Diseases and Careers disorders Ophthalmologist: Cataract: clouding of lens performs eye exams and that results in decreased diagnosis various eye acuity diseases anosmia: absence of Audiologist : works with sense of smell hearing, balance, and Conductive deafness: Related Disorders inadequate-sound waves condition Hordeolum: inflammation of the eyelid

Vocabulary Pupil: black circular opening that allows light in Sclera: White part of the eye that maintains the eye’s shape and protects inner tissues Auditory canal: canal that leads to the tympanic membrane Ceruminous glands: walls of the auditory canal Olfactory bulb: a structure in the brain where olfactory nerves originate Olfactory nerves: react to odors Taste buds: tiny area that distinguish different tastes Papillae: raised areas that contain taste buds Enucleation: surgical removal of the eyeball Impacted cerumen: heavy accumulation of earwax

Cardiovascular system Function Key terms Circulate oxygen-rich blood cardi/o: heart to throughout the body angi/o: vessel(blood) hem/o, hemat/o: blood Disorders and disease Brady-: slow Tachy-: fast Angina: condition characterized thromb/o: clot by severe, constricting pain or -emia: blood condition pressure in the chest leuk/o: white Arteriosclerosis: condition of erythr/o: red thickening, hardening and loss of arteri/o: artery elasticity in the arterial walls Cardiac tamponade: Careers: pathological condition in which excess fluid accumulates in the Cardiologist: specializes pericardium in the diagnosis and Cardiomyopathy: condition of treatment of the heart diseased heart muscle diseases and conditions cardiovascular technologist: provides assistance to doctors and diagnosing and treating heart disease

Vocabulary Epicardium: visceral layer of the serous pericardium Myocardium: layer of cardiac muscle that makes up the middle of the heart Endocardium: Innermost layer that lives of the four chamber Circulation: it provides pulse force for the circulating oxygen and nutrients Conduction: it's composed of tiny cells the cardiac muscle contract instantaneously and continuously Tachycardia: fast heart rate bradycardia: slow heart rate Thrombo: Clot that forms on the wall of a blood vessel Aneurysm: balloon-like dilatation of blood vessel Hypertension: higher blood pressure

Respiratory system Function Key terms Inhale oxygen and exchanging bronch/o: broncus CO2 Cyan/o: blue Laryng/o voice box; Diseases and disorders larynx -oxia: oxygen Influenza: acute, contagious Oxy-: intense viral respiratory infection, pleur/o:pleura includes fever, chills, pneum/o: lung; air headache and cough pulmon/o: lung Asthma: often caused by an thorac/o:chest allergic causes swelling of the trache/o:trachea airway since spasm Pneumonia: inflammation of Careers the lungs Aspiration :drawing in of a Respiratory therapist foreign object during :cares for patients who inhalation through nose, suffer from health throat, or lungs conditions and diseases that affect their breathing thoracic surgeon: performing surgical procedures on organs in the chest

Vocabulary Expiration: breathing out inspiration: breathing in Pharynx: passageway through which air, food and liquids travel Epiglottis: opens up to a allow air into the larynx when you breath Diaphragm: plays important role in breathing, it contracts to increase thoracic volume and inflates lungs Ventilation: the intricate tubes of the respiratory system, transports air from the nasal cavity into in and out of the lungs Respiration: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Bronchiole: multiple branches of a smaller tubes that take air into all parts of the lungs Nasal /oral cavity: warm, filter, and mostein the air; a sense of smell Sinuses: hollow areas in skull that provide resonance for voice; connected by small tubes to the back of nasal cavity

Digestive system Function: Key terms contains mouth, teeth, cholecyst/o: gallbladder tongue, salivary glands, enter/o: intestines pharynx, esophagus, and it col/o: large intestine helps with the physical and hepat/o: liver chemical breakdown of gastro/o :stomach: food so it can be used by or/o: mouth the body -pepsia: digestion chol/e: gall; bile proct/o: rectum; anus Diseases and Careers disorders Dentist: specializes in the diagnosis, prevention Bulimia: gorging with and treatment of the food and then purging mouth and gums Cirrhosis: scarring of the Gastroenterologist: liver due to alcohol specializes in diseases Colon cancer: malignant and conditions of the tumor in the colon digestive system Enteritis: inflammation of the intestine

Vocabulary Ingestion: is the intake of food or liquids into the body Digestion: breakdown of food Absorption: nutrients leave the digestive tract and enter the blood supply Elimination: solid waste is excreted to the anus Pharynx: another name for throat Esophagus: where the food and liquids enter The colon: also called the large intestine is connects to the ileum and continues to the anus The anus: digestive tract through where fecal waste is eliminated The liver: storage of nutrients until they are needed by the body Pancreas: produces enzymes that aid in the digestion process

Urinary system Function Key terms contains kidneys, ureters, -cele: cell urinary bladder, and urethra -lysis: breakdown and it helps to get liquid cyst/o: cyst waste out of the body nephr/o: kidney ren/o: kidney Diseases and disorders -uria: urination -pexy: surgical fixation Enuresis: involuntary discharge -ectasis: dilation of urine Pyel/o: renal pelvis Glycosuria: condition in which carbohydrates or sugars are Careers excrete in the urine Hematuria: condition in which Urologist: is a physician who blood or blood cells are excreted specializes in disease of the in the urine urinary system and the Polyuria: condition of excessive male’s reproductive tract urine production Dialysis technician: operates a machine that remove metabolic waste products and excess fluids from the blood of patients whose kidneys aren't functioning properly

Vocabulary Filtration: kidneys separate metabolic waste products from your blood Kidneys: filter metabolic waste products, ions, and excess water from the blood and forming urine Secretion: creatinine and water are pushed into other tubules for excretion out of the body Renal pelvis: tube which urine flows from the renal calyces to the urinary bladder Ureters: two narrow tubes, that transport urine from the renal pelvis of the kidneys to the urinary bladder Urethra: tube that transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body Urinary bladder: is a muscular organ that serves a as a reservoir for urine until it can be expelled from the body Anuria: absence of urine production Diuresis: abnormal increase in production of urine Dysuria: difficult or painful urination

Reproductive system Function Key terms contains the female reproductive cervic/o: neck organs (the ovaries, Fallopian tubes, salping/o: fallopian tube uterus, vagina, accessory glands, and ov/o: egg external genital organs) and the orchid/o: testicles male reproductive organs (the oophor/o: ovary testicles ,the duct system, the men/o: menses accessory glands, the penis) and mamm/o: breast they help reproducing gynec/o: female colp/o: vagina prostat/o: prostate gland Diseases and disorders Careers Testitis: inflammation of one or Oncologist: is a physician who both testes specializes in patients who Varicocele: a varicose vein in the have been diagnosed with spermatic cord cancer Cystocele: hernia of the bladder Gynecologist: specialist who that protrudes through the vagina focus on the care female wall reproductive system and the Endometrial Cancer: malignant treatment associated

Vocabulary Anorchia: absence of sperm in the semen Prostatitis: inflammation of the prostate Testicular cancer: cancer involving one or 2 tastes Prostate biopsy: removal of a tissue sample of the prostate for testing Testosterone lever: blood test to measure levels of testosterone Ovaries: female gametes,keep ova safe until they mature Mammary glands: the glands in the breast that produce colostrum and milk after childbirth Breast Cancer: malignant tumor of the mammary glands Abruptio placentae: premature detachment of the placenta Cervical Cancer: malignant tumor of the cervix

Resources links Picture 1 picture 2 picture 3 Cover picture Introduction to Medical Terminology, 1st Edition musculoskeletal labeled system Integumentary labeled system Nervous labeled system Special senses Cardiovascular system Respiratory system Digestive system Urinary system Reproductive system