Darshini Hindi Pathmala for Class 7

fganh ikB~;iqLrd nf'kZuh fganh ikBekyk 7





nf'kuZ h ¯gnh ikBekyk dh kÜ [a` kyk dk fuek.Z k jk\"Vhª ; f'k{kk uhfr oQs vra xrZ ,ulhbvZ kjVh] lhch,lbZ rFkk jkT;kas oQs ckMs Z no~ kjk fu/kfZ jr uohure ikB;~ oQz e oQs vulq kj fd;k x;k gAS cPpksa esa ns[kdj lh[kus dh izo`fÙk tUe ls gh gksrh gSA fdlh Hkh oLrq dks ns[kdj mlosQ ckjs esa tkuus dh bPNk muosQ eu esa Lor% gh mB tkrh gSA cPpksa dh blh izo`fÙk dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, muls tqM+s [kku&iku] jgu&lgu] vkpkj&fopkj] #fp vkfn ij nf'kuZ h ¯gnh ikBekyk osQ ikB rS;kj fd, x, gSaA jkspd ikB cPpksa dh ftKklk ,oa Hkk\"kk esa #fp c<+kus esa lgk;d fln~/ gksaxsA bl ikBekyk dks rS;kj djrs le; Hkk\"kk dh lHkh ;ksX;rkvksaµ lquuk] cksyuk] i<+uk] fy[kuk] lkspuk] le>uk] le>dj djuk vkfn dks fl[kkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA ikB osQ var esa 'kCnkFkZ] ekSf[kd o fyf[kr iz'u] ikB ls lacaf/r dkYifud iz'u] Hkk\"kk&Kku laca/h iz'u] cgqfodYih; iz'u (MCQs)] xfrfof/;k¡ rFkk ifj;kstuk fuekZ.k dk;Z lfEefyr fd, x, gSaA nf'kuZ h ¯gnh ikBekyk esa lkfgR; dh lHkh fo/kvksaµdfork] dgkuh] fp=kdFkk] yksddFkk] Mk;jh&ys[ku] laLej.k] thouh] ys[k] fuca/] ,dkadh] ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar vkfn dk lekos'k gSA ¯gnh funs'kky; Hkkjr ljdkj n~okjk laLrqr orZuh osQ ikjaifjd o ekud nksuksa :iksa ls cPpksa dks voxr djk;k x;k gSA bl iqLrd Ük`a[kyk dk mn~ns'; cPpksa dh l`tu'khyrk] ekSfydrk] dYiuk'khyrk] ftKklk ,oa pkfjf=kd fodkl ij cy nsuk gSA vk'kk gS fd ;g iqLrd fon~;kfFkZ;ksa osQ fy, mi;ksxh fln~/ gksxhA iqLrd dks vkSj vf/d jkspd] Lrjh; ,oa çkekf.kd cukus gsrq fon~okuksa osQ lq>ko lknj vkeaf=kr gSaA µysf[kdk (iii)

(jk\"Vªh; xhr) oUns ekrje~A lqtyka] lqiQyka] ey;t 'khryka] 'kL; ';keyka] ekrje~A oUns ekrje~AA 'kqHkz&T;ksRLuka] iqyfdr ;kfeuha] iqQYy&oqQlqfer&nzqeny&'kksfHkuhe~] lqgkfluha] lqe/qj Hkkf\"k.kha] lq[knka] ojnka ekrje~A oUns ekrje~AA ekrje~ ¾ ekrk dksA 'kL; ¾ gjh&Hkjh iQlyA 'kqHkz ¾ LoPNA T;ksRLuk ¾ pkanuhA ;kfeuh ¾ jkrA oqQlqe ¾ iwQyA nzqe ¾ o`{kA (iv)

1- /jrh dk vk¡xu bBykrk (dfork) 4 2- cgknqj nhik (Mk;jh&ys[ku) 7 3- 'kg vkSj ekr (yksddFkk) 14 • D;k vki tkurs gSa\\ 23 4- ,d frudk (dfork) 25 5- m¡Qpkb;ksa ls vkxs (osQoy i<+us osQ fy,) 30 6- vdcjh yksVk (gkL;&dFkk) 34 7- firk dk i=k (i=k) 44 8- ftusok (;k=kk&o`Ùkkar) 51 • D;k vki tkurs gSa\\ 58 9- oL=kksa osQ js'ks (ys[k) 60 10- Lokeh foosdkuan (thouh) 67 11- 'kfDr vkSj {kek (dfork) 77 12- lksuk (laLej.k) 84 13- oqaQMfy;k¡ (in) 94 • D;k vki tkurs gSa\\ 100 14- jkuh psUuEek (thouh) 102 15- dHkh gkj ugha gksrh (dfork) 107 16- cw<+h dkdh (dgkuh) 113 17- fgeky; dh csfV;k¡ (osQoy i<+us osQ fy,) 123 18- izko`Qfrd vkink,¡ (ys[k) 125 19- lPph rhFkZ;k=kk (dgkuh) 130 • D;k vki tkurs gSa\\ 136 20- ;{k osQ iz'u (osQoy i<+us osQ fy,) 138 21- deZohj (osQoy i<+us osQ fy,) 142 22- lkjS Åtk%Z dy dh ÅtkZ (ys[k) 143 23- oQq N cgknjq cPps (thouh) 147 • ,d gfj;k.koh yksd xhr 153 • iz'u&i=k µ 1 155 • iz'u&i=k µ 2 159 • 'kCndks'k 164 (v)

ikB dk uke cksyuk] lquuk vkSj i<+uk fy[kuk 'kSf{kd xfrfof/;k¡ thou&ewY; rFkk ikfjokfjd] lkekftd o jk\"Vªh; psruk 1- / jrh dk vk¡xu dfork dk iHz kko'kkyh <xa ls i'z ukas oQs mÙkj 'kCnkas e]as y?kq ,oa nh?kZ mÙkj Hkkjrh; xq.kksa o laLdkjksa dh /jrh ek¡ osQ izfr lEeku dk bBykrk okpu] 'kCnkas dk 'knq /~ mPpkj.k fy[kuk rFkk vFkxZ gz .k lca /a h i'z ukÙs kj tkudkjh ,d=k djuk] fp=k Hkko c<+kukA   (dfork) rFkk ekfS [kd i'z ukas oQs mÙkj fy[kuk] v'kfq ¼'kk/s u] i;k;Z okph] o.kZu djuk] Nk;koknh dfork osQ nus kA vuLq okj] 'kCn ifjokj cukukA fo\"k; esa tkudkjh ,d=k djuk] uSfrd iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA 2- cgknqj nhik Mk;jh dk iHz kko'kkyh <xa ls iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 'kCnksa esa] y?kq o nh?kZ fp=k dks ns[kdj ?kVuk dk o.kZu lPph ?kVukvksa ls voxr (Mk;jh&ys[ku) okpu] 'kCnkas dk 'knq /~ mPpkj.k mÙkj fy[kuk rFkk cgqfodYih; iz'uksa djuk] izkstsDV cukuk] tkudkjh djkuk ,oa Mk;jh fy[kus osQ rFkk ekfS [kd i'z ukas oQs mÙkj osQ mÙkj nsuk] èofu&'kCn] i;kZ;okph] ,d=k djuk ,oa uSfrd o fy, izsfjr djukA nus kA izR;; ,oa loZuke o mlosQ HksnA dkYifud iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA 3- 'kg vkSj ykds dFkk dk iHz kko'kkyh <xa iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 'kCnksa esa] y?kq ,oa nh?kZ i=k&ys[ku] tkudkjh laxzg.k] ykyp ls cpus dh lh[k nsukA ekr ls okpu] 'knq /~ mPpkj.k rFkk mÙkj fy[kuk] cgqfodYih; iz'uksa osQ izfr;ksfxrk dk vk;kstu rFkk (yksddFkk) ekfS [kd i'z ukas oQs mÙkj nus kA mÙkj nsuk] eqgkojs] uke/krq fØ;k] ns'kt dkYifud ,oa uSfrd iz'uksa osQ 'kCn ,oa ¯yxA mÙkj nsukA • D;k vki tkurs gSa\\ lkekU; Kku esa o`n~f/ djukA 4- ,d frudk dfork dk jkspd <ax ls y?kq ,oa nh?kZ mÙkj fy[kuk] cgfq odYih; vuqPNsn&ys[ku] tkudkjh ,d=k ?keaM u djus dh lh[k nsukA (dfork) okpu] 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k rFkk i'z u] lekukFkh&Z 'kCn]fo'k\"s k.k ls Hkkookpd djuk rFkk dkYifud ,oa uSfrd ekSf[kd iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA lKa k cukuk ,oa opuA iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA 5- m¡Qpkb;ksa ls vkxs (osQoy i<+us osQ fy,) y{; dh vksj fujarj c<+us dh izsj.kk nsukA 6- vdcjh gkL;&dFkk dk izHkko'kkyh <ax iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 'kCnksa esa] y?kq ,oa fp=k ns[kdj gkL;&ys[ku] Tkhou esa gkL; osQ egÙo dks yksVk ls okpu] 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k rFkk nh?kZ mÙkj fy[kuk] cgqfodYih; iz'u] ukV~; eapu] dgkuh&laxzg.k ,ao le>kukA (gkL;&dFkk) ekSf[kd iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA 'kCn&;qXe] leJqfr fHkUukFkZd 'kCn] dkYifud ,oa uSfrd iz'uksa osQ foykse 'kCn ,oa lekukFkhZ 'kCnA mÙkj nsukA 7- firk dk Ik=k i=k dk izHkko'kkyh <ax ls iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 'kCnksa esa] iz'uksa osQ y?kq i=k&y[s ku] ifz ln/~ dkO;&y[s ku] Ekgki#q \"kkas oQs fopkjkas ls voxr (i=k) okpu] 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k rFkk ,oa nh?kZ mÙkj fy[kuk] cgqfodYih; i=k&okpu] fp=k&lxa gz .k rFkk djkukA muoQs thou ls ijsz .kk yus s ekSf[kd iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA iz'u] loZuke] dkjd ,oa foykse 'kCnA dkYifud ,oa ufS rd i'z ukas oQs dh lh[k nus kA mÙkj nus kA 8- ftusok ;k=kk&oÙ` kkra dk iHz kko'kkyh <xa y?kq ,oa nh?kZ iz'uksÙkj fy[kuk] ;k=kk&o.kuZ ] vuPq Nns &y[s ku] ns'kkVu ls Kku esa o`n~f/ (;k=kk&o`Ùkkar) ls okpu] 'knq /~ mPpkj.k rFkk cgqfodYih; iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsuk] ifj;kts uk fuek.Z k] tkudkjh ,d=k djokukA ekfS [kd i'z ukas oQs mÙkj nus kA laf/&foPNsn ,oa lekl&foxzgA djuk] lpw h cukuk] dkYifud ,oa ufS rd i'z ukas oQs mÙkj nus kA • D;k vki tkurs gSa\\ lkekU; Kku esa o`n~f/ djukA 9- oL=kksa osQ ys[k dk izHkko'kkyh <ax ls iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 'kCnksa esa] iz'uksa osQ y?kq vuqPNsn&ys[ku] xks\"Bh dk oL=k&fuekZ.k laca/h tkudkjh js'ks okpu] 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k rFkk ,oa nh?kZ mÙkj nsuk] cgqfodYih; iz'u] vk;kstu] ifj;kstuk cukuk rFkk nsukA (ys[k) ekSf[kd iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA izR;;] lekukFkhZ] okD; 'kks/u ,oa dkYifud ,oa uSfrd iz'uksa osQ xn~;ka'k&vk/kfjr iz'uksÙkjA mÙkj nsukA 10- Lokeh thouh dk izHkko'kkyh <ax ls iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 'kCnksa esa] y?kq ,oa nh?kZ fuca/ ,oa ys[k fy[kuk] tkudkjh egki#q \"kkas oQs thou ls ijsz .kk foosdkuan okpu] 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k rFkk mÙkj fy[kuk ,oa cgqfodYih; iz'uksa osQ ,d=k djuk] thouh i<+uk rFkk yus s dh lh[k nus k rFkk ijkis dkj (thouh) ekSf[kd iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA mÙkj nsuk] milxZ] izR;;] dkjd] fuikr dkYifud ,oa uSfrd iz'uksa osQ dh Hkkouk txkukA ,oa loZuke o mlosQ HksnA mÙkj nsukA (vii)

ikB dk uke cksyuk] lquuk vkSj i<+uk fy[kuk 'kSf{kd xfrfof/;k¡ thou&ewY; rFkk ikfjokfjd] lkekftd o jk\"Vªh; psruk 11- 'kfDr vkSj dfork dk izHkko'kkyh <ax ls iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 'kCnksa esa] iz'uksa osQ y?kq laokn&ys[ku] dfork&ladyu 'kfDr vkSj {kek osQ egÙo dk {kek (dfork) okpu] 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k rFkk ,oa nh?kZ mÙkj fy[kuk] cgqfodYih; ,oa ikBu rFkk dkYifud ,oa Kku djkukA ekSf[kd iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA iz'u] foykse 'kCn] lekukFkhZ ,oa laca/ uSfrd iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA cks/dA 12- lksuk laLej.k dk izHkko'kkyh <ax ls iz'uksa osQ y?kq ,oa nh?kZ mÙkj fy[kuk] js[kkfp=k&ys[ku] laokn&ys[ku Tkhoksa osQ izfr n;k dh Hkkouk (laLej.k) okpu] 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k rFkk cgqfodYih; iz'u] xn~;ka'k vk/kfjr rFkk dkYifud ,oa uSfrd iz'uksa tkx`r djukA ekSf[kd iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA iz'uksÙkj] laf/&foPNsn] 'kCn&;qXe] osQ mÙkj nsukA izR;; ,oa milxZA 13- oqaQMfy;k¡ oqaQMfy;ksa dk izHkko'kkyh <ax iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 'kCnksa esa] y?kq mÙkj dgkuh&y[s ku] vuPq Nns &y[s ku Tkhou&ewY;ksa dh lh[k nsukA (in) ls okpu] 'kqn~/ mPPkkj.k rFkk fy[kuk] lizlax O;k[;k djuk] rFkk dkYifud ,oa ufS rd i'z ukas ekSf[kd iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA cgqfodYih; iz'u] ekud :i] okD; oQs mÙkj nus k] ?kVuk o.kUZ k ,oa cukuk ,oa lekukFkhZ 'kCnA dkO;&lxa gz .kA • D;k vki tkurs gSa\\ lkekU; Kku esa o`n~f/ djukA 14- jkuh psUuEek thouh dk iHz kko'kkyh <xa iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 'kCnksa esa] y?kq ,oa nh?kZ ifj;kstuk rS;kj djuk rFkk /S;Z o tq>k: izo`fÙk n~okjk (thouh) ls ikBu] 'knq /~ mPpkj.k rFkk mÙkj fy[kuk] fo'ks\"k.k] rRle 'kCn ,oa dkYifud o uSfrd iz'uksa osQ foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks o'k esa ekfS [kd i'z ukas oQs mÙkj nus kA 'kCn ifjokjA mÙkj nsukA djus dh lh[k nsukA 15- dHkh gkj ugha dfork dk iHz kko'kkyh <xa ls i'z ukas oQs mÙkj 'kCnkas e]as y?kq ,oa nh?kZ fp=k ns[kdj dgkor fy[kuk] vliQyrkvksa ls lh[k ysdj gksrh (dfork) okpu] 'kCnkas dk 'knq /~ mPpkj.k mÙkj fy[kuk rFkk vFkxZ gz .k lca /a h i'z ukÙs kj ,sfrgkfld dgkuh o thouh vkxs c<+uk fl[kkukA rFkk ekfS [kd i'z ukas oQs mÙkj fy[kuk] cgfq odYih; i'z ukas oQs mÙkj i<+uk rFkk uSfrd ,oa dkYifud nus kA puq uk] foykes i;k;Z okph] egq kojs ,oa iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA fo'k\"s k.k lca /a h i'z u djukA 16- cw<+h dkdh dgkuh dk izHkko'kkyh <ax ls iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 'kCnksa esa] y?kq ,oa nh?kZ dgkuh&laxzg djuk] vuqHko o.kZu o`n~/ksa osQ izfr lEeku dh (dgkuh) ikBu] 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k rFkk mÙkj fy[kuk] cgqfodYih; iz'uksa osQ rFkk dkYifud o uSfrd iz'uksa Hkkouk tkx`r djukA ekSf[kd iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA mÙkj nsuk] laf/&foPNsn] laKk] milxZ osQ mÙkj nsuk ,oa vuqPNsn&ys[kuA ,oa izR;;A 17- fgeky; dh csfV;k¡ (osQoy i<+us osQ fy,) izko`Qfrd lkSan;Z ls vkuan o mYykl dk Hkko mRiUu djukA 18- izko`Qfrd ys[k dk izHkko'kkyh <ax ls cgqfodYih; iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA izko`Qfrd vkink osQ ckjs esa Xykscy ok²ex rFkk izko`Qfrd vkink,¡ ikBu rFkk 'kqn~/ mPpkj.kA fy[kuk] fp=k esa jax HkjukA vkinkvksa ls fuiVus dh (ys[k) tkudkjh nsukA 19- lPph dgkuh dk izHkko'kkyh <ax ls iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 'kCnksa esa] y?kq o nh?kZ fuca/&ys[ku] dgkuh i<+uk] ^Ekkuo lsok gh lPph lsok gS* rhFkZ;k=kk okpu] 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k rFkk mÙkj fy[kuk] eqgkojs] o.kZ&foPNsn ukV~;&eapu rFkk dkYifud o dk Hkko tkx`r djukA (dgkuh) ekSf[kd iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA ,oa leqPp;cks/dA uSfrd iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA • D;k vki tkurs gSa\\ lkekU; Kku esa o`n~f/ djukA 20- ;{k osQ iz'u (osQoy i<+us osQ fy,) ikSjkf.kd xzaFkksa ls KkuktZu djokukA 21- deZohj (osQoy i<+us osQ fy,) deZB cuus dh lh[k nsukA 22- lkSj ÅTkkZ% ys[k dk izHkko'kkyh <ax ls cgqfodYih; iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsukA lkSj ÅTkkZ dh tkudkjh nsukA dy dh ÅTkkZ ikBu rFkk 'kqn~/ mPpkj.kA (ys[k) 23- oqQN cgknqj thouh dk iHz kko'kkyh <xa iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 'kCnksa esa] y?kq ,oa nh?kZ thouh laca/h vU; dgkfu;k¡ ohjrkiw.kZ dk;Z djus dh cPps (thouh) ls ikBu] 'knq /~ mPpkj.k rFkk mÙkj fy[kuk] laKk] lekukFkhZ 'kCn ,oa i<+ukA izsj.kk nsukA ekfS [kd i'z ukas oQs mÙkj nus kA izR;;A • ,d gfj;k.koh yksd xhrA ikjaifjd yksd xhrksa ls ifjfpr gksukA (v i i i )

lh[kus&fl[kkus dh izfozQ;kµ • vius {ks=k fo'ks\"k rFkk ns'k osQ izfr izse vkSj xkSjo dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djukA NBh d{kk esa vkus rd fon~;kFkhZ ¯gnh esa i<+us cksyus vkSj fy[kus dh oqQ'kyrkvksa ij vf/dkj izkIr dj pqosQ gksaxsA bu NBh] lkroha vkSj vkBoha d{kk osQ fon~;k£Fk;ksa ls d{kkvksa esa fiNyh ;ksX;rkvksa dk fodkl djrs gq, ekr`Hkk\"kk ekr`Hkk\"kk laca/h visf{kr ;ksX;rk,¡µ dh ubZ ;ksX;rkvksa dk fodkl djuk gSA lquus laca/h visf{kr ;ksX;rk,¡µ fo'o osQ lHkh ns'kksa dh ekr`Hkk\"kk osQ ikB~;Øe oqQN • of.kZr ;k ifBr lkexzh] okrkZ] Hkk\"k.k] ifjppkZ] okrkZyki] bl izdkj rS;kj fd, tkrs gSa fd fon~;kFkhZ vius Lrj dh okn&fookn] dfork&ikB vkfn dk lqudj vFkZ xzg.k djuk] ewY;kadu djuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr dks tkuukA dgkfu;k¡ i<+dj mudk vkuan ys losaQA os izÑfr osQ lkSan;Z] ns'k&izse vkfn dh ljy vkSj lgt dfork,¡ i<+dj vius • dgkfu;k¡] dfork,¡] igsfy;k¡] ukVd] fp=k&o.kZu] laf{kIr 'kCnksa esa mudh ljkguk dj losaQA vius Lrj osQ fo\"k;ksa ij Hkk\"k.k] fooj.k vkfn dks lqudj le>uk vkSj mudk vkuan ysukA vuqPNsn ;k fuca/ fy[k losaQA fon~;kfFkZ;ksa osQ Hkkoh thou esa Hkk\"kk ls lacaf/r tks Hkh vko';drk,¡ gksaxh] mudh rS;kjh • oDrk osQ euksHkkoksaµg\"kZ] Øks/] vk'p;Z] ?k`.kk] f>M+dh] lkroha d{kk rd iwjh gks tkuh pkfg,A igyh d{kk ls NBh d#.kk] O;aX; vkfn dks le>ukA d{kk rd mUgksaus tks oqQN Hkh lh[kk gS] mldk foLrkj lkroha • fofHkUu Lkzksrksa ls tkudkjh ,d=k dj mls ;kn j[kukA d{kk esa visf{kr gksxkA cksyus laca/h visf{kr ;ksX;rk,¡µ NBh] lkroha vkSj vkBoha d{kkvksa esa ekr`Hkk\"kk f'k{k.k • cksyrs le; Hkyh izdkj mPpkj.k djukA xfr] y;] osQ mn~ns';µ vkjksg&vojksg] mfpr cyk?kkr o vuqrku lfgr cksyukA lLoj dfork&okpu] dFkk&dgkuh vFkok ?kVuk lqukukA • ekSf[kd vfHkO;fDr dk fodkl djukA • f'k\"Vkpkj] /S;Z vkSj è;kuiwoZd lquus dh ;ksX;rk dk • Hkk\"kk&laca/h lHkh lkewfgd fØ;kdykiksa esa lfØ; :i fodkl djukA ls Hkkx ysukA • vius fopkjksa dks fy[kdj vfHkO;Dr djus dh ;ksX;rk • vkRefo'okl vkSj lgtrk ls /kjkizokg esa cksyukA dk fodkl djukA • O;kdj.k&lEer Hkk\"kk dk iz;ksx djukA • O;kdj.k&lEer Hkk\"kk dk iz;ksx djus esa leFkZ • vius fopkjksa dks Lora=k o Øecn~/ :i ls O;Dr djukA cukukA • okrkZyki] ukVd] y?kq Hkk\"k.k vkfn esa lfØ; :i ls Hkkx • vè;;u dh oqQ'kyrkvksa dk fodkl djukA ysukA • dgkfu;k¡ lqukus] igsfy;k¡ cw>us] vaR;k{kjh] y?kq Hkk\"k.k • lkSan;kZuqHkwfr ,oa l`tu'khyrk dk fodkl djukA vkfn dk vH;Lr gksukA • Hkk\"kk osQ lkSan;Z dh ljkguk djus dh ;ksX;rk dk fodkl djukA • Hk; ls eqDr gksdj izHkko'kkyh <ax ls Hkk\"k.k nsukA • lkfgR; osQ izfr vfHk#fp dk fodkl djukA i<+us laca/h visf{kr ;ksX;rk,¡µ • xn~; vkSj in~; dk mfpr vkjksg&vojksg osQ lkFk • ¯pru dh ;ksX;rk dk fodkl djukA /kjkizokg i<+ukA • ys[ku laca/h ;ksX;rkvksa dk fodkl djukA • Hkk\"kk fopkj ,oa 'kSyh dh ljkguk djus esa l{ke cukukA • ,dkxzfpÙk gksdj vHkh\"V xfr osQ lkFk ekSu iBu djukA • Hkk\"kk osQ izeq[k rRoksa ls ifjfpr djokukA • 'kCnksa vkSj eqgkojksa dk vFkZ le>dj okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djukA • fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks Hkk\"kk;h fØ;kdykiksa esa Hkkx ysus osQ fy, • ifBr oLrq osQ egÙoiw.kZ rF;] eq[; fopkj vkSj osaQnzh; izksRlkfgr djukA • loZ/eZ leHkko dk fodkl djukA lHkh /eks± osQ izfr Hkko dks igpkuukA vknj vkSj olq/So oqQVqacde~ dh Hkkouk dk fodkl • Hkk\"kk] fopkj ,oa 'kSyh dh ljkguk djukA djukA • cky&lkfgR; vkfn dh miyC/ lkexzh dks i<+ukA (ix)

• i=k] pkVZ] iksLVj vkfn dh fyf[kr lkexzh dks lgtrk • lkewfgd ,oa O;fDrxr :i ls dfork] dgkuh] ?kVuk ls i<+ukA vkfn dks lqukus osQ fy, izksRlkfgr djukA • ekSu iBu n~okjk ikB~;oLrq dk vFkZxzg.k djus dh • okn&fookn rFkk y?kq Hkk\"k.kksa n~okjk vkRefo'okl esa ;ksX;rk izkIr djukA c<+ksrjh djukA fy[kus laca/h visf{kr ;ksX;rk,¡µ • fon~;ky; osQ fofHkUu dk;ZØeksa esa Hkkx ysus rFkk mudk lapkyu djus laca/h dk;Z djokukA • ifjfpr vkSj vifjfpr 'kCnksa o okD;ksa dks 'kqn~/ :i ls fy[kukA fy[krs gq, O;kdj.k&lEer 'kqn~/ ,oa izkaty • ifjfpr ,oa vifjfpr fo\"k;ksa ij laokn dk vk;kstu Hkk\"kk dk iz;ksx djukA djokukA • fyfi osQ ekud :Ik dk gh iz;ksx djukA • v/wjh dgkuh dks iwjk djokuk rFkk vuqeku osQ vk/kj • ys[ku laca/h fu;eksa ,oa oqQ'kyrkvksa dk Kku gksukA ij ?kVuk ;k dgkuh dk o.kZu djokukA • iw.kZ&fojke] vn~/Z&fojke] iz'uokpd ,oa foLe; cks/d • ikB~;iqLrd rFkk vfrfjDr lkexzh dks i<+rs le; fpg~uksa dk lgh iz;ksx djukA mPpkj.k] fojke&fpg~u] mfpr LFkku ij cyk?kkr vkfn ij è;ku nsrs gq, i<+okukA mfpr xfr ,oa izokg osQ lkFk • vkSipkfjd ,oa vukSipkfjd i=kksa dks fy[kus esa leFkZ i<+us ij cy nsukA gksukA • ekSu okpu djokuk] fp=k] pkVZ] ekufp=k] foKkiu] i=k • vius fopkjksa dks fy[kdj izdV djus esa leFkZ gksukA ,oa lwpuk iV ls lacaf/r fyf[kr lkexzh ij vusd iz'u • fy[kus esa ekSfydrk vkSj ltZukRedrk ykukA iwNukA • 'kCnksa ,oa okD;ksa dk vuqys[k vkSj Jqfrys[k fy[kukA • fp=k&o.kZu] ;k=kk&o.kZu] laokn&ys[ku rFkk ljy fo\"k;ksa • 'kCnksa ,oa okD;ksa dk vuqys[k ,oa Jqfrys[k djokukA • fofHkUu fOk\"k;ksa ij fp=k] ekWMy] pkVZ vkfn rS;kj djokuk ij vuqPNsn ,oa fuca/ fy[kukA rFkk mudk fooj.k fy[kokukA ¯pru laca/h visf{kr ;ksX;rk,¡µ • fofHkUu fo\"k;ksa ij vuqPNsn ;k fuca/ fy[kokukA • vius Lrj osQ vuq:i fdlh ckr dks lqudj ;k i<+dj • fp=k dks ns[kdj okD;] dgkuh] dfork] vuqPNsn vkfn le>uk] ml fo\"k; ij iz'u djuk rFkk fd, x, iz'uksa fy[kokukA osQ fu%ladksp mÙkj nsukA • lquh gqbZ ;k i<+h gqbZ ckrksa esa mfpr&vuqfpr dk Hksn ikB~;&lkexzh ,oa fo\"k;&oLrqµ djukA d{kk 6] 7 vkSj 8 osQ fy, ikB~;iqLrd vH;kl iqfLrdk • ifBr oLrq osQ 'kh\"kZd osQ vk/kj ij fo\"k;&oLrq dks le>uk] osaQnzh; Hkko rFkk lkjka'k crkukA lfgr rS;kj dh xbZ gSA bu iqLrdksa osQ yxHkx 170 i`\"B • ;FkkFkZ vkSj dYiuk esa varj dj ikukA izfr iqLrd rS;kj fd, x, gSaA ikB~;iqLrd dh fo\"k;&oLrq • of.kZr ?kVuk ;k n`';koyksdu ij izfrfØ;k O;Dr djukA mn~ns';ksa] ;ksX;rkvksa vkSj 'kSf{kd fØ;kdykiksa ij vk/kfjr gSA • ewrZ fo\"k;ksa osQ ckjs esa vuqHkwfr vkSj Hkko O;Dr djus osQ cPpksa osQ ifjos'k ls lacaf/r lkexzh rFkk Hkk\"kk;h oqQ'kyrkvksa fy, lgh 'kCn pquukA vkSj ;ksX;rkvksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj fo\"k; rS;kj dh xbZ gSA fuEu fcanqvksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj ikB~;iqLrd dk fuekZ.k NBh] lkroha vkSj vkBoha d{kk osQ fy, 'kSf{kd fd;k x;k gSµ fØ;kdykiµ ikSjkf.kd ,oa lkfgfR;d dgkfu;k¡] yksddFkk,¡] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k] o`Qf\"k vkSj izkSn~;ksfxdh] foKku] jk\"Vªh; ,drk] • fofHkUu fo\"k;ksa ij vk/kfjrµ D;ksa] oSQls] D;k okys iz'uksa ekSfyd ,drk] n'kZuh; LFky] ;k=kk&o.kZu] [kkst] egkiq#\"kksa dks iwNuk rFkk mlesa d{kk osQ lHkh fon~;k£Fk;ksa dh dh thofu;k¡] i=k] Mk;jh] dfork,¡] lk{kkRdkj] ,dkadh] izfrHkkfxrk lqfuf'pr djukA fuca/] ys[k] R;ksgkj] loZ/eZ leHkko] uSfrd ewY;ijd ikB • ¯gnh o.kZekyk dh lw{e varj okyh èofu;ksa esa foHksnhdj.k vkfnA rFkk 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k dk izf'k{k.k nsukA (x)

eSa vkSj esjh fiz; iqLrd eSa fiz; iqLrd viuk fp=k ukeµ------------------- d{kkµ----------------- fp=k esa jax Hkfj,µ eSa vkSj esjh fiz; iqLrd 1

izfln~/ iqLrosaQ bu iqLrdksa ls lacaf/r tkudkjh ,df=kr dhft,A 2 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

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2 cgknqj nhik 26 tuojh] 2007 30 vizSy] 2006 dks fon~;ky; dh NqV~Vh FkhA eSa ml fnu nsj rd lksuk pkgrh Fkh ij ek¡ us vkdj losjs&losjs gh txk fn;kA ek¡ us dgk] ¶nhik mBks] jksfgr dks mfYV;k¡ gks jgh gSaA mls ysdj vHkh vLirky esa tkuk gksxkA eSa vLirky tk jgh gw¡] rqe tyiku djosQ dksBh osQ ikl cus rky ij tkdj diM+s /ks ykukA¸ eSaus diM+ksa osQ <sj dks ns[kk vkSj eq¡g cukrs gq, dgk] ¶ek¡! brus lkjs diM+s eSa vosQys oSQls /ks ikm¡Qxh\\¸ ek¡ us le>krs gq, dgk] ¶rqe ¯prk er djks] jksfgr dks nokbZ fnykdj eSa rky ij vk tkmQ¡xhA rc rd rqe diM+ksa esa lkcqu yxk ysukA¸ eSaus lgefr esa flj fgyk fn;kA jksfgr esjk NksVk HkkbZ gSA ek¡ HkkbZ dks ysdj vLirky pyh xb±A Ekk¡ oQs tkus oQs ckn euaS s ?kj dh lki-Q&li-QkbZ dhA fiQj tyiku djoQs eaS diMk+ as dh xBjh mBkdj dkBs h dh vkjs py nhA xfe;Z kas oQs fnu FkAs nkis gj dk le; FkkA rky ij igp¡q dj euaS s diMk+ as dh xBjh [kkys h vkjS xhr xuq xuq krs g,q diMk+ as eas lkcuq yxkuk vkjHa k dj fn;kA eaS vius dk;Z eas eXu Fkh fd rHkh Nikd ls dkbs Z ikuh eas oQw nkA eSaus ns[kk fd gekjs iM+ksl dk 'kjkjrh yM+dk x.ks'kjke ikuh esa rSjrs gq, g¡l jgk gSA eq>s fHkxksus osQ fy, gh mlus lksp&fopkjdj esjs Ikkl ikuh esa Nyk¡x yxkbZ FkhA eSaus mls Mk¡Vrs gq, nwj tkdj rSjus dks dgkA og dgk¡ ekuus okyk Fkk! mlus pcwrjs ij p<+dj fiQj ls ikuh esa Nyk¡x yxkbZA ikuh mNydj eq>s iwjk fHkxks x;kA mls ns[kdj v'kksd •  cPpksa dks crk,¡ fd ;g ikB lPph ?kVuk ij vk/kfjr gSA 30 vizSy] 2006 dks jktLFkku dh 12 o\"khZ;k nhik us vkB o\"khZ; x.ks'kjke vkSj ik¡p o\"khZ; v'kksd dh tku cpkbZ FkhA 26 tuojh] 2007 dks mls jk\"Vªh; ohjrk iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k FkkA •  cgknqjh dh vU; dgkfu;k¡ lqukdj cPpksa esa lkgl vkSj cgknqjh dh Hkkouk txk,¡A cgknqj nhik 7

uke dk ,d NksVk yM+dk Hkh mlh dh rjg ikuh esa owQnkA fiQj ckjh&ckjh ls nksuksa owQnus yxsA mUgsa ,slk djus esa cM+k vkuan vk jgk FkkA mu ij è;ku u nsdj eSa vius dke esa yx xbZA eSa lksp jgh Fkh fd u tkus ek¡ dks vLirky esa fdruk le; yxsxk! irk ugha HkkbZ dks oqQN vkjke feyk Hkh gksxk ;k ugha! ;g lkspdj eSa tYnh&tYnh diM+ksa ij lkcqu yxkus yxhA tc mu nksuksa us ns[kk fd muosQ o`QR; ij eSa dksbZ izfrfozQ;k ugha dj jgh rks os rSjrs&rSjrs rky osQ chpksa&chp py fn,A rky osQ chp esa ikuh cgqr xgjk FkkA mlesa Hk¡oj Hkh iM+rs FksA 'kk;n mUgsa ikuh dh xgjkbZ dk vuqeku ugha FkkA mUgsa rky osQ chp tkrk ns[k eSa fpYykbZA eSa mUgsa okil vkus osQ fy, dg jgh FkhA ijarq os nksuksa ;k rks esjh vkok”k ugha lqu ik, ;k mUgksaus tkucw>dj vulquk dj fn;kA rHkh eSaus ns[kk fd x.ks'kjke tks v'kksd ls vkxs Fkk] Hk¡oj dh pisV esa vkus okyk gSA eSa 'kh?kzrk ls ikuh esa owQn iM+hA eq>s rSjuk vkrk FkkA eSa cgqr vPNh rSjkd rks ugha Fkh ij ftruk Hkh lh[kk Fkk ml fnu og esjs cgqr dke vk;kA eSaus v'kksd dks tks grizHk gksdj x.ks'kjke dks ns[k jgk Fkk] mls ,d vksj /osQykA mlosQ ckn x.ks'kjke tks Hk¡oj esa yxHkx i¡Ql x;k Fkk] mldk gkFk vius gkFk ls idM+ fy;kA fiQj iwjh 'kfDr osQ lkFk mls ckgj [khap fy;kA ;n~;fi Hk¡oj esa i¡Qlus osQ ckn cp ikuk laHko ugha gksrk] ij ;g bZ'oj dh yhyk Fkh ;k mldk HkkX;_ tks igys gh iz;kl esa mldk gkFk esjs gkFk esa vk x;k vkSj eSa mls [khap ikus esa liQy jghA ;fn mQijokys dk lkFk u jgk gksrk rks 'kk;n eSa Hkh Hk¡oj dh pisV esa vk xbZ gksrhA ge rhuksa vHkh l¡Hkys Hkh u Fks fd ,d fo'kkydk; exjePN gekjh vksj c<+us yxkA esjs gkFk&iSj iwQyus yxs ij eSaus lkgl ugha [kks;kA eSa nksuksa dks lkFk ys rhozxfr ls fdukjs dh vksj c<+us yxhA v'kksd NksVk Fkk vkSj x.ks'kjke Hk¡oj dh pisV esa vkus osQ dkj.k e`R;q dh xksn esa tkrs&tkrs cpk Fkk blfy, Mj osQ ekjs mu nksuksa dh 'kfDr yxHkx {kh.k gks pqdh FkhA mUgksaus vius gkFk&iSj pykus can dj fn, FksA eSa fdlh rjg mUgsa èkosQyrs gq, fdukjs ij tk igq¡phA rc rd ek¡ Hkh ogk¡ vk pqdh FkhA muosQ lkFk oqQN vU; efgyk,¡ Hkh diM+s /ksus osQ fy, vkbZ FkhaA 8 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

mUgksaus fLFkfr dks Hkk¡irs gq, iRFkjksa dh o\"kkZ djosQ exjePN dks vkxs ugha c<+us fn;k vkSj ge cp x,A vpsr x.ks'kjke dks izkFkfed mipkj osQ fy, MkWDVj osQ ikl ys tk;k x;kA esjh cgknqjh dh ckr lqudj xk¡ookyksa us esjh cgqr iz'kalk dhA fon~;ky; esa Hkh eq>s ikfjrksf\"kd fn;k x;kA 24 tuojh] 2007 dks fnYyh esa iz/kuea=kh eueksgu ¯lg osQ gkFkksa iqjLdkj ikdj eq>s vfr izlUurk gqbZA 26 tuojh dh ijsM esa gkFkh dh lokjh djosQ eq>s cgqr vPNk yxkA yksxksa dk bruk lEeku o I;kj ikdj esjs eu esa ;g bPNk tkx`r gks mBh gS fd eSa cM+h gksdj ;k rks vè;kid cuw¡xh ;k fiQj MkWDVj] ftlls thouHkj yksxksa dh lsok dj low¡Q! rky µ rkykc eXu µ rYyhu {kh.k µ de”kksj] fucZy izfrfozQ;k µ fozQ;k osQ foijhr LokHkkfod fozQ;k ;n~;fi µ ;|fi izkFkfed mipkj µ vkjafHkd bykt iz'kalk µ rkjhi- Q bUgsa ,sls Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaµ NqV~Vh µ NqVhð fon~;ky; µ fo|ky; 1- if<+, vkSj cksfy,µ ¯prk mfYV;k¡ rYyhu lEeku fo'kkydk; 2- lkspdj crkb,µ (d) nhik vosQys rky ij D;ksa xbZ Fkh\\ ([k) nhik us x.ks'kjke dks oSQls cpk;k\\ (x) nhik fnYyh D;ksa vkbZ Fkh\\ cgknqj nhik 9

1- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ mÙkj ,d 'kCn esa nhft,µ --------------------------------------- (d) ek¡ vLirky fdls ysdj xbZ Fkha\\ --------------------------------------- ([k) x.ks'kjke vkSj v'kksd dgk¡ owQn jgs Fks\\ --------------------------------------- (x) Hk¡oj esa dkSu i¡Ql x;k Fkk\\ --------------------------------------- (?k) fdls ns[kdj nhik osQ gkFk&iSj iwQyus yxs\\ --------------------------------------- (Ä) fnYyh esa nhik dks dkSu&lk iqjLdkj fn;k x;k\\ 2- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ y?kq mÙkj nhft,µ (d) ek¡ osQ tkus osQ ckn nhik us D;k fd;k\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ([k) nhik us x.ks'kjke dks D;ksa Mk¡Vk\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (x) cPps exjePN ls oSQls cps\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (?k) nhik cM+h gksdj D;k cuuk pkgrh gS vkSj D;ksa\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ nh?kZ mÙkj viuh mÙkj iqfLrdk esa nhft,µ (d) cPpksa dks rkykc osQ chpksa&chp tkrs ns[k nhik us D;k fd;k\\ ([k) fnYyh vkdj nhik D;ksa izlUu Fkh\\ mlosQ eu esa dkSu&lh bPNk tkx`r gqbZ\\ 10 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

4- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ mi;qDr mÙkj ij () dk fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) diM+s /ksus dh ckr lqudj nhik us eq¡g D;ksa cuk;k\\ (i) mls diM+s /ksus ugha vkrs FksA (ii) og dkepksj FkhA (iii) /ks, tkus okys diM+s cgqr vf/d FksA ([k) x.ks'kjke us nhik osQ ikl gh ikuh esa Nyk¡x D;ksa yxkbZ\\ (i) og nhik ls Mk¡V [kkuk pkgrk FkkA (ii) og nhik dks fHkxksuk pkgrk FkkA (iii) og nhik ls ?k`.kk djrk FkkA (x) nhik D;ksa fpYykbZ\\ (i) og yM+dksa dks rky osQ chpksa&chp tkus ls jksduk pkgrh FkhA (ii) og yM+dksa osQ lkFk [ksyuk pkgrh FkhA (iii) og yM+dksa dks rky ls ckgj fudkyuk pkgrh FkhA (?k) x.ks'kjke dks MkWDVj osQ ikl D;ksa ys tk;k x;k\\ (i) mls exjePN us ?kk;y dj fn;k FkkA (ii) mlosQ isV esa ikuh Hkj x;k FkkA (iii) og vpsr gks x;k FkkA (Ä) exjePN cPpksa rd D;ksa ugha igq¡p ik;k\\ (i) og Hk¡oj esa i¡Ql x;k FkkA (ii) og cPpksa dk f'kdkj ugha djuk pkgrk FkkA (iii) efgykvksa us ml ij iRFkjksa dh o\"kkZ dj nh FkhA cgknqj nhik 11

1- mfpr èofu 'kCn Hkjdj okD; iwjs dhft,µ (d) cknyksa dh -------------------------- us rs”k o\"kkZ gksus dk laosQr ns fn;kA ([k) ?ku?kksj o\"kkZ osQ chp fctyh -------------------------- yxhA (x) o\"kkZ 'kq: gksrs gh pkjksa vksj esa<dksa osQ -------------------------- dk 'kksj xw¡tus yxkA (?k) gok -------------------------- py jgh FkhA (Ä) if{k;ksa osQ -------------------------- us izÑfr esa e/qj laxhr Hkj fn;kA 2- uhps fn, 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ gkFk µ --------------------- --------------------- diM+k µ --------------------- --------------------- gkFkh µ --------------------- --------------------- bZ'oj µ --------------------- --------------------- ikuh µ --------------------- --------------------- buke µ --------------------- --------------------- HkkbZ µ --------------------- --------------------- rky µ --------------------- --------------------- ,d ls vfèkd o.kks± ls feydj cus v{kj dks la;qDrk{kj dgrs gSa] tSlsµ o~Q $ \"k~ $ v ¾ {k d{kk r~ $ j~ $ v ¾ =k i=k t~ $ ×k~ $ v ¾ K Kku 'k~ $ j~ $ v ¾ J Je 3- fn, x, la;qDrk{kj dh lgk;rk ls nks&nks 'kCn cukb,µ {k µ ---------------------] --------------------- =k µ ---------------------] --------------------- K µ ---------------------] --------------------- J µ ---------------------] --------------------- 4- uhps fn, okD;ksa esa laKk 'kCnksa dks js[kkafdr dhft, vkSj muosQ Hksn Hkh fyf[k,µ (d) fon~;ky; dh NqV~Vh FkhA tkfrokpd laKk ------------------------------------- ([k) jksfgr dks mfYV;k¡ gks jgh gSaA ------------------------------------- (x) x.ks'kjke 'kjkjrh yM+dk FkkA (?k) ,d fo'kkydk; exjePN gekjh vksj c<+us yxkA ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- (Ä) cPps g¡lus yxsA ------------------------------------- (p) mUgsa xgjkbZ dk vuqeku ugha FkkA ------------------------------------- (N) ek¡ ogk¡ igq¡phaA 12 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

• ;fn nhik osQ LFkku ij mldh ek¡ rky ij vosQys diM+s /ksus tkrh rks D;k gksrk\\ • ;fn nhik dh ek¡ o vU; efgyk,¡ le; ij ugha igq¡prh rks D;k gksrk\\ • cgknqjh dh fdlh lPph ?kVuk dks viuh dkWih esa fyf[k,A • fp=k dks ns[kdj ?kVuk dk o.kZu dhft,A • 26 tuojh osQ volj ij iqjLÑr cgknqj cPpksa dks gkFkh dh lokjh djkbZ tkrh gSA cgknqj cPpksa dks dkSu&dkSu ls iqjLdkj fn, tkrs gSa\\ irk yxkb,A baVjusV ;k lekpkj i=k dh lgk;rk ls ,sls cPpksa osQ fp=k vkSj lPph ?kVukvksa dks ,d=k djosQ viuh izkstsDV iQkby esa yxkb,A • Hkkjr ljdkj n~okjk ^lat; pksiM+k vkSj xhrk pksiM+k iqjLdkj* D;ksa fn, tkrs gSa\\ cgknqj nhik 13

4 ,d frudk eSa ?keaMksa esa Hkjk ,saBk gqvk] ,d fnu tc Fkk eq¡Msj ij [kM+kA vk vpkud nwj ls mM+rk gqvk] ,d frudk vk¡[k esa esjh iM+kA eSa f>>d mBk] gqvk cspSu&lk] yky gksdj vk¡[k Hkh nq[kus yxhA ewB nsus yksx diM+s dh yxs] ,saB cspkjh ncs ik¡oksa HkxhA tc fdlh <c ls fudy frudk x;k] rc ^le>* us ;ksa eq>s rkus fn,A ,saBrk rw fdlfy, bruk jgk] ,d frudk gS cgqr rsjs fy,A µv;ksè;k ¯lg mikè;k; ^gfjvkS/* ,d frudk •  cPpkas dks vgda kj u djus dh lh[k nrs s g,q dfork dk jkps d <xa ls okpu djok,A¡ •  cPpksa dks crk,¡ fd vgadkj osQ en esa pwj O;fDr Lo;a dks loZJs\"B le>us yxrk gS vkSj nwljksa dks ghu n`f\"V ls ns[kus yxrk gS ysfdu foijhr ifjfLFkfr;k¡ mls okLrfodrk dk Kku djk nsrh gSaA blfy, dHkh Hkh vgda kj ugha djuk pkfg,A 25

?keaM µ vfHkeku] vgadkj ,saB µ ejksM+] vdM+ eq¡Msj µ Nr oQs pkjkas vkjs yxHkx 1 ls 4 iQq V Åp¡ h nhokj ewB µ diMs+ dk xkys k cukdj ldas uk <c µ rjhdk] <+ax le> µ vDy] cqn~f/ 1- if<+, vkSj cksfy,µ eq¡Msj f>>d cspSu ,saBuk 2- lkspdj crkb,µ (d) dfo dks viuh xyrh dk vuqHko dc gqvk\\ ([k) dfo dh vk¡[k ls frudk oSQls fudyk\\ (x) bl dfork ls D;k lh[k feyrh gS\\ 1- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ y?kq mÙkj nhft,µ (d) dfo cspSu D;ksa gks x;k Fkk\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ([k) fdl ?kVuk ls dfo viuk vge Hkwy x;k\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (x) frudk fudyus ij dfo dh le> esa D;k vk;k\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

2- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ nh?kZ mÙkj viuh mÙkj iqfLrdk esa nhft,µ (d) bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo D;k dguk pkgrk gS\\ Li\"V dhft,A ([k) Hkko Li\"V dhft,µ eSa ?keaMksa esa Hkjk ,saBk gqvk] ,d fnu tc Fkk eq¡Msj ij [kM+kA vk vpkud nwj ls mM+rk gqvk] ,d frudk vk¡[k esa esjh iM+k 3- fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ mÙkj fyf[k,µ eSa ?keaMksa esa Hkjk ,saBk gqvk] ,d fnu tc Fkk eq¡Msj ij [kM+kA vk vpkud nwj ls mM+rk gqvk] ,d frudk vk¡[k esa esjh iM+kA eSa f>>d mBk] gqvk cspSu lk] yky gksdj vk¡[k Hkh nq[kus yxhA ewB nsus yksx diM+s dh yxs] ,saB cspkjh ncs ik¡oksa HkxhA (i) dfork o dfo dk uke fyf[k,A dfork µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dfo µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (ii) dfo fdl dkj.k ,saBk gqvk Fkk\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (iii) dfo dh vk¡[k esa D;k fxj x;k Fkk\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,d frudk 27

(iv) dfo dh vk¡[k D;ksa nq[kus yxh\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (v) ^diM+k* o ^vk¡[k* dk i;kZ;okph fyf[k,A -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- uhps fn, 'kCnksa osQ lekukFkhZ 'kCn ij (3) yxkb,µ ?keaM µ ?keaMh vgadkjh vgadkj vfHkekuh igj fnu µ nhu fnol jkr Vguh e`xu;uh frudk µ r`.k ?kkl&iwQl rhyh >kM+u vk¡[k µ vJq ykspd ykspu diM+k µ vaxksNk oL=k igukok 2- uhps fn, fo'ks\"k.k 'kCnksa dks Hkkookpd laKk esa cnfy,µ ?keaMh µ ------------------- cspSu µ ------------------- pedhyk µ ------------------- tks'khyk µ ------------------- nq[kh µ ------------------- I;klk µ ------------------- 3- uhps fn, 'kCnksa osQ opu cnfy,µ dkjd lfgr fnuksa esa dkjd jfgr ------------------------- fnu µ pkj fnu gkFk µ ------------------------- ------------------------- eq¡Msj µ ------------------------- iSj µ ------------------------- ------------------------- 28 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

• ^?keaMh dk flj uhpk gksrk gSA* bl dgkor ij ,d vuqPNsn viuh mÙkj iqfLrdk esa fyf[k,A • fp=k esa jax Hkfj,µ • jko.k cgqr Kkuh Fkk ysfdu vius vgadkj osQ dkj.k fouk'k dks izkIr gqvkA ,sls gh oqQN vU; izfln~/ vgadkjh O;fDr;ksa osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh ,d=k dhft, ftudk iru muosQ vgadkj osQ dkj.k gqvk gksA • ;fn dksbZ fHk{kqd vkiosQ n~okj ij Hkh[k ek¡xus osQ fy, vk, rks vki D;k djsaxs\\ • ;fn fdlh vgadkjh O;fDr ls vkidk ikyk iM+ tk, rks vki D;k djsaxs\\ ,d frudk 29

6 vdcjh yksVk ykyk >kmQyky dks [kkus&ihus dh deh ugha FkhA vPNk [kkrs Fks vkSj vPNk igurs Fks ijarq <kbZ lkS #i, rks ,d lkFk vk¡[k lsadus osQ fy, Hkh u feyrs FksA ,d fnu tc mudh iRuh us ,dk,d <kbZ lkS #i;ksa dh ek¡x dh rks mudk th ,d ckj ”kksj ls luluk;k vkSj fiQj cSB x;kA mudh ;g n'kk ns[kdj iRuh us dgkµ ¶Mfj, er] ;fn vki nsus esa vleFkZ gSa rks eSa vius HkkbZ ls ek¡x yw¡xhA¸ ykyk >kmQyky fryfeyk mBsA mUgksaus jksc osQ lkFk dgk] ¶vth gVks] <kbZ lkS #i;ksa osQ fy, HkkbZ ls Hkh[k ek¡xksxh\\¸ ¶ysfdu eq>s blh thou esa pkfg,A¸ iRuh us dgkA ykyk >kmQyky us jkcs oQs lkFk [kMs+ gkrs s g,q dgk] ¶vkt ls Bhd lkroas fnu e>q ls <kbZ lkS #i, ys yus kA¸ ysfdu tc pkj fnu ;ksa gh chr x, vkSj #i;ksa dk dksbZ izca/ u gks ldk rks mUgsa ¯prk lrkus yxhA iz'u mudh izfr\"Bk dk Fkk] vius gh ?kj esa viuh lk[k dk FkkA nsus dk iDdk opu nsdj vxj vc u ns losQ rks D;k izfr\"Bk jg tk,xh! [kjS ] ,d fnu vkjS chrkA ikp¡ oas fnu ?kcjkdj mUgkuas s vius ?kfu\"B fe=k ifa Mr fcyoklh feJ dks viuh foink luq kbAZ l;a kxs oQq N ,ls k fcxMk+ Fkk fd fcyoklh th Hkh ml le; fcyoQq y [kDq [k FkAs mUgkuas s dgk] ¶ejs s ikl gaS rks ugha ij eaS dgha ls ykus dk i;z Ru d:x¡ k vkjS vxj fey x, rks dy 'kke dks vkdj req ls feyx¡w kA¸ vkt ogh 'kke FkhA lIrkg dk vafre fnuA dy <kbZ lkS #i, ;k rks fxu nsuk gS ;k lkjh gsdM+h ls gkFk /ksuk gSA vkt 'kke dks iafMr fcyoklh feJ dks vkuk FkkA ;fn u vk, ;k dgha #i, dk izca/ u dj losQ rks\\ blh m/sM+&cqu esa yxs ykyk >kmQyky Nr ij Vgy jgs FksA I;kl yxh rks mUgksaus ukSdj dks iqdkjkA ukSdj ugha Fkk rks mudh iRuh Lo;a ikuh ysdj vkbZA og ikuh rks vo'; ykbZ ij fxykl ykuk Hkwy xbZA yksVs esa ikuh fy, izdV gqbZ] yksVk Hkh la;ksx ls og tks viuh cs<axh lwjr osQ dkj.k ykyk >kmQyky dks lnk ls ukilan FkkA Fkk rks u;k ij ml yksVs dh x<+u oqQN ,slh Fkh fd tSls mldk cki Me: vkSj ek¡ fpye gksA ykyk us yksVk ys fy;k] oqQN cksys ughaA viuh iRuh dk lEeku tks djrs FksA mUgksaus ;g Hkh lkspk fd yksVs eas ikuh ns] rc Hkh larks\"k dh ckr gSA vHkh vxj pw¡ dj nsrk gw¡ rks ckyVh esa Hkkstu feysxkA rc D;k ckdh jg tk,xk! •  cPpksa dks le>k,¡ fd foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ?kcjkuk ugha pkfg,A /S;Z /kj.k dj fdlh Hkh leL;k dk gy [kkstk tk ldrk gSA •  cPpksa dks ;g Hkh crk,¡ fd lPpk fe=k ges'kk lkFk fuHkkrk gSA foijhr IkfjfLFkfr;ksa esa fe=k dh enn djuk] ,d lPps fe=k dk dÙkZO; gS tks fe=krk osQ laca/ksa dks izxk<+ djrk gSA 34 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

ykyk vius ozQks/ ij o'k dj ikuh ihus yxsA ml le; os Nr dh eq¡Msj osQ ikl [kM+s FksA ftu iqj[kksa us ikuh ihus osQ laca/ esa ;s fu;e cuk, Fks fd [kM+s&[kM+s ikuh u ihvks] lksrs le; ikuh u ihvks] nkSM+us osQ ckn ikuh u ihvksA irk ugha mUgksaus dHkh ;g Hkh fu;e cuk;k ;k ugha fd Nr dh eq¡Msj osQ ikl [kM+s gksdj ikuh u ihvks! ,slk yxrk gS fd bl fo\"k; esa mu yksxksa us oqQN ugha dgk gSA ykyk >kmQyky dfBukbZ ls nks&,d ?kw¡V gh ikuh ih ik, gksaxs fd u tkus oSQls muosQ gkFk ls yksVk NwV x;kA yksVs us nk,¡ ns[kk u ck,¡] og rhoz osx ls uhps xyh dh vksj py iM+kA vius osx ls mYdk dks ytkrk gqvk og {k.k&Hkj esa gh vk¡[kksa ls vks>y gks x;kA fdlh dky esa U;wVu uke osQ fdlh 'kjkjrh us i`Foh dh vkd\"kZ.k 'kfDr uke dh ,d oLrq dk vkfo\"dkj fd;k FkkA dguk xyr u gksxk fd ;g lkjh 'kfDr bl le; yksVs osQ i{k esa FkhA ykyk dks dkVks rks [kwu ugha! ,slh pyrh gqbZ xyh esa m¡Qps freaftys ls Hkjs gq, yksVs dk fxjuk g¡lh&[ksy ugha FkkA ;g yksVk u tkus fdl vukf/dkjh osQ >ksaiM+s ij dk'khokl dk lans'k ysdj igq¡psxk! gqvk Hkh oqQN ,slk ghA xyh esa ”kksj dk gYyk gks mBkA ykyk >kmQyky tc rd nkSM+dj uhps mrjs] rc rd ,d Hkkjh HkhM+ muosQ vk¡xu esa ?kql vkbZ FkhA ykyk >kmQyky us ns[kk fd bl HkhM+ esa iz/ku ik=k ,d vaxzs”k gS tks u[kf'k[k rd Hkhxk gqvk gSA og ,d gkFk ls vius iSj dks lgykrk gqvk] nwljs iSj ij ukp jgk gSA mlosQ ikl vijk/h yksVs dks ns[kdj ykyk >kmQyky us rqjar nks vkSj nks tksM+dj fLFkfr dks le> fy;kA fxjus ls iwoZ yksVk ,d nqdku osQ lk;oku ls Vdjk;kA ogk¡ Vdjkdj ml nqdku ij [kM+s vaxzs”k dks mlus lkaxksikax Luku djk;k vkSj fiQj mlh osQ cwV ij vk fxjkA vaxzs”k dks tc ekywe gqvk fd ykyk >kmQyky gh ml yksVs osQ Lokeh gSa] rc mlus osQoy ,d dke fd;kA vius eq¡g dks [kksydj [kqyk gh NksM+ fn;kA ykyk >kmQyky dks vkt gh ;g ekywe gqvk fd vaxzs”kh Hkk\"kk eas xkfy;ksa dk ,slk izdkaM dks\"k gSA mlh le; iafMr fcyoklh feJ HkhM+ dks phjrs gq, vk¡xu esa vkrs fn[kkbZ iM+sA mUgksaus vkrs gh igyk dke ;g fd;k fd ml vaxzs”k dks NksM+dj vkSj ftrus Hkh vkneh vk¡xu esa ?kql vk, Fks] lcdks ckgj fudky fn;kA fiQj vk¡xu esa oqQlhZ j[kdj mUgksaus vaxsz”k ls dgk] ¶vkiosQ iSj esa 'kk;n pksV yx xbZ gSA igys vki vkjke ls oqQlhZ ij cSB tkb,A¸ vdcjh yksVk 35

vaxzs”k lkgc fcyoklh dks /U;okn nsrs gq, cSB x, vkSj ykyk >kmQyky dh vksj laosQr djosQ cksys] ¶vki bl O;fDr dks tkurs gSa\\¸ fcyoklh vutku curs gq, cksys] ¶fcYkoqQy ughaA vkSj eSa ,sls vkneh dks tkuuk Hkh ugha pkgrk tks jkg pyrs fujhg yksxksa ij yksVs ls okj djsA¸ ¶esjh le> ls ^gh b”k , Msatjl Y;wukfVd* (;g ,d [krjukd ikxy gSA)¸ vaxzs”k us ykyk dh vksj b'kkjk djrs gq, dgkA fcyoklh us vaxzs”k dh ckr dkVrs gq, dgk] ¶ugha] esjh le> ls ^gh b”k , Msatjl fØfeuy* (;g ,d Hk;adj vijk/h gSA)¸ ijekRek us ykyk >kmQyky dh vk¡[kksa dks ml le; ns[kus osQ lkFk ;fn [kkus dh Hkh 'kfDr ns nh gksrh rks fu'p; gh os vc rd fcyoklh th dks viuh vk¡[kksa ls [kk pqosQ gksrs! os oqQN le> ugha ik jgs Fks fd fcyoklh th dks D;k gks x;k gS\\ os vaxsz”k dks 'kkar djus dh ctk; vkx esa ?kh D;ksa Mky jgs gSa\\ vaxzs”k us fcyoklh th ls iwNk] ¶rks D;k djuk pkfg,\\¸ ¶iqfyl dks bl ekeys dh fjiksVZ dj nhft, ftlls fd ;g vkneh rqjar canh cuk fy;k tk,A¸ fcyoklh us csf>>d dgkA ¶iqfyl LVs'ku gS dgk¡\\¸ vaxzs”k us iwNkA ¶ikl gh gS] pfy, eSa crkrk gw¡A¸ fcyoklh us oqQlhZ ls mBus dk ukVd djrs gq, dgkA ¶pfy,A¸ dgdj vaxzs”k mB [kM+k gqvkA fcyoklh oqQN fourh osQ Loj esa cksys] ¶vHkh pyrs gSaA vkidh vkKk gks rks igys eSa bl yksVs dks bl vkneh ls [kjhn yw¡A D;ksa th cspksxs\\ eSa bldk nke ipkl #i, rd ns ldrk g¡wA¸ ykyk >kmQyky rks pqi jgs ij vaxzs”k us iwNk] ¶bl cs<axs yksVs osQ vki ipkl #i, D;ksa ns jgs gSa\\¸ ¶vki bl yksVs dks cs<axk crkrs gSa\\ vk'p;Z! eSa rks vkidks ,d foK vkSj lqf'kf{kr vkneh le>rk FkkA¸ fcyoklh us gSjkuh ls dgkA ¶vkf[kj ckr D;k gS] oqQN crkb, Hkh!¸ vaxzs”k lkgc yksVs dk bfrgkl tkuus dks mRlqd gks mBsA ¶tukc] ;g ,d ,sfrgkfld yksVk tku iM+rk gS! tku D;k iM+rk gS] eq>s iwjk fo'okl gS fd ;g ogh izfln~/ vdcjh yksVk gS ftldh ryk'k esa lalkj Hkj osQ E;wf”k;e okys fpark dj jgs gSaA¸ fcyoklh us viuh ckr dks n`<+rk ls dgkA ¶;g ckr gS\\¸ vaxzs”k oqQN lksprs gq, cksykA fcyoklh us ckr dks vkSj vkxs c<+k;k] ¶th] tukc! lksygoha 'krkCnh dh ckr gSA ckn'kkg gqek;w¡ 'ksj'kkg ls gkjdj Hkkx x;k Fkk vkSj ¯l/ osQ jsfxLrku esa ekjk&ekjk fiQj jgk FkkA ,d fnu I;kl ls mldh tku fudy jgh FkhA ml le; ,d czkg~e.k us blh yksVs ls ikuh fiykdj mldh tku cpkbZ FkhA gqek;w¡ osQ ckn vdcj us ml czkg~e.k dk irk yxkdj mlls bl yksVs dks ys fy;k vkSj blosQ cnys esa mls lksus osQ nl yksVs iznku fd,A ;g yksVk lezkV vdcj dks cgqr I;kjk FkkA blh dkj.k bldk uke vdcjh yksVk iM+kA os blh yksVs ls 36 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

oq”kw djrs FksA lu lÙkkou rd blosQ 'kkgh ?kjkus esa jgus dk irk pyrk gS ijarq mlosQ ckn ;g ykirk gks x;kA dydÙkk (dksydkrk) osQ E;wft+;e esa bldk ekWMy j[kk gqvk gSA irk ugha ;g yksVk bl vkneh osQ ikl oSQls vk;k\\ E;wf”k;e okyksa dks irk pys rks eq¡g&ek¡xk nke nsdj [kjhn dj ys tk,¡xsA¸ bl fooj.k dks luq r&s luq rs vxa ”sz k lkgc dh vk[¡ kkas ij ykHs k vkjS vk'p;Z dk ,ls k inkZ iMk+ fd os dkMS h+ oQs vkdkj ls c<d+ j idkMS h+ oQs vkdkj dh gks xbA± mlus fcyoklh ls iNw k] ¶rks vki bl ykVs s dk D;k dfj,xk\\¸ ¶eq>s iqjkuh vkSj ,sfrgkfld ph”kksa osQ laxzg djus dh ykylk gSA¸ fcyoklh us dgkA ¶eq>s Hkh iqjkuh vkSj ,sfrgkfld ph”kksa dks laxzg djus dk 'kkSd gSA ftl le; ;g yksVk esjs mQij fxjk] ml le; Hkh eSa ;gh dk;Z dj jgk FkkA ,d nqdku ls ihry dh iqjkuh ewfrZ;k¡ [kjhn jgk FkkA¸ vaxzs”k cksykA ¶tks Hkh gks] yksVk rks eSa gh [kjhnw¡xk¸ fcyoklh rikd ls cksysA ¶okg! vki oSQls [kjhnsaxs\\ eSa [kjhnw¡xk] ;g esjk vf/dkj gS!¸ vaxzs”k us ckr c<+krs gq, dgkA ¶vf/dkj gS! oSQlk vf/dkj\\¸ fcyoklh us iwNkA ¶fcyoQq y vf/dkj gAS ;g crkb, fd bl ykVs s oQs ikuh ls vkius Luku fd;k ;k euaS \\s ¸ vxa ”sz k us i'z u fd;kA ¶vkius] Jheku vkiusA¸ fcyoklh us dgkA ¶;g vkiosQ iSjksa ij fxjk ;k esjs\\¸ vaxzs”k us rqjar nwljk iz'u iwNkA ¶vkiosQ] Jheku vkiosQ!¸ fcyoklh us gk¡&esa&gk¡ feykbZA ¶v¡xwBk blus vkidk Hkqjrk fd;k ;k esjk\\¸ ¶vkidk] Jheku vkidk!¸ fcyoklh vleatl eas iM+rs gq, cksykA LohdkjksfDr feyrs gh vaxzs”k us ,d vkSj iz'u fd;kµ ¶blfy, bls [kjhnus dk vf/dkj fdldk gS\\ vkidk ;k esjk\\¸ vaxzs”k us tSls ;q¼ esa fot; izkIr djrs gq, dgkA ¶;g lc cdokl gSA cksyh yxkb,] tks vf/d ns] ogh ys tk,A¸ fcyoklh oqQN 'kkar fn[ksA ¶;gh lghA vki bloQs ipkl #i;s yxk jgs Fk]s eaS lkS nrs k gA¡w ¸ vxa ”sz k us lkS #i;s dk ukVs fn[kkrs g,q dgkA ¶eSa Ms<+ lkS nsrk gw¡A¸ fcyoklh Hkh oSQls ihNs jgrs\\ mUgksaus Hkh tsc ls iSls fudkyrs gq, dgkA ¶eSa nks lkS nsrk gw¡A¸ vaxszt us lkS #i, vkSj fudkyrs gq, dgkA ¶vth eaS rks <kbZ lkS nrs k gA¡w ¸ ;g dgdj fcyoklh th us <kbZ lkS #i, ykyk >kmQyky oQs lkeus j[k fn,A ¶vaxzs”k lkgc dks Hkh rko vk x;kA mlus dgk] ¶vki <kbZ lkS nsrs gSa rks eSa ik¡p lkS nsrk gw¡A vc dfg,A¸ fcyoklh th nq[kh eu ls vius #i, mBkus yxs ekuks viuh vk'kkvksa dh yk'k mBk jgs gksa! vaxzs”k lkgc dh vksj ns[kdj mUgksaus dgk] ¶yksVk vkidk gqvk] ys tkb, esjs ikl <kbZ lkS ls vf/d #i;s ugha gSaA¸ ;g lquuk Fkk fd vaxzs”k lkgc osQ psgjs ij izlUurk dh ow¡Qph >yd xbZA mlus >iVdj yksVk mBk fy;k vkSj cksyk] ¶vc eSa g¡lrk gqvk vius ns'k ykSVw¡xkA estj Mxyl dh Mhaxsa lqurs&lqurs esjs dku id x, FksA¸ ¶estj Mxyl dkSu gSa\\¸ fcyoklh us fe=krk osQ Hkko ls iwNkA ¶estj Mxyl esjs iM+kslh gSaA iqjkuh ph”kksa dks laxzg djus esa esjs vkSj muosQ chp gksM+ jgrh gSA xr o\"kZ os ¯gnqLrku vk, Fks vkSj ;gk¡ ls tgk¡xhjh vaMk ys x, FksA¸ vaxzs”k us crk;kA ¶tgk¡xhjh vaMk!¸ fcyoklh gSjku FksA vdcjh yksVk 37

¶gk¡] tgk¡xhjh vaMkA estj Mxyl us le> j[kk Fkk fd ¯gnqLrku ls os gh vPNh oLrq,¡ ys tk ldrs gSaA vki rks tkurs gh gksaxs fd ,d dcwrj us uwjtgk¡ ls tgk¡xhj dk izse djk;k FkkA tgk¡xhj osQ iwNus ij fd esjk ,d dcwrj rqeus oSQls mM+k fn;k] uwjtgk¡ us muosQ nwljs dcwrj dks mM+kdj crk;k Fkkµ ^,sls*A mlosQ bl Hkksysiu ij tgk¡xhj fnykstku ls U;ksNkoj gks x,A mlh {k.k mUgksaus vius&vki dks uwjtgk¡ osQ gokys dj fn;kA dcwrj dk ;g midkj og ugha Hkwys vkSj mlosQ ,d vaMs dks cM+s tru ls j[k NksM+kA fcYyksj dh ,d gk¡Mh esa og muosQ lkeus V¡xk jgrk FkkA ckn esa ogh vaMk ^tgk¡xhjh vaMs* osQ uke ls izfln~/ gqvkA mlh dks estj Mxyl us fiNys lky fnYyh esa ,d eqlyeku lTtu ls rhu lkS #i, esa [kjhnk FkkA¸ ¶;g ckr gS\\¸ fcyoklh us xjnu fgykrs gq, dgkA vaxzs”k vfr mRlkfgr gksdj cksyk] ¶gk¡] ij vc esjs vkxs os jksc ugha >kM+ ldrsA esjk vdcjh yksVk muosQ tgk¡xhjh vaMs ls Hkh ,d ih<+h iqjkuk gSA¸ ¶bl fj'rs ls rks vkidk yksVk ml vaMs dk cki gqvkA¸ ;g dgdj fcyoklh us ugys&is&ngyk ns ekjkA vaxzs”k us ykyk >kmQyky dks ik¡p lkS #i, nsdj viuh jkg yhA ykyk >kmQyky dk psgjk bl le; ns[krs gh curk FkkA tku iM+rk Fkk fd eq¡g ij Ng fnu dh c<+h gqbZ nk<+h dk ,d&,d cky izlUurk osQ ekjs ygjk jgk gSA mUgksaus iwNk] ¶fcyoklh th! esjs fy, <kbZ lkS #i, dgk¡ ls ysdj vk,\\ vkiosQ ikl rks Fks ughaA¸ ¶bl Hksn dks esjs vfrfjDr esjk bZ'oj gh tkurk gSA vki mlh ls iwN yhft,] eSa ugha crkm¡QxkA¸ fcyoklh us tkrs gq, dgkA ¶ij vki pys dgk¡\\ vHkh eq>s vkils nks ?kaVs rd dke gSA¸ ykyk >kmQyky us jksdrs gq, dgkA ¶nks ?kaVs rd\\¸ fcyoklh vk'p;Z ls cksysA ¶gk¡] vkSj D;k! vHkh rks eSa vkidh ihB Bksddj 'kkck'kh nw¡xk] ,d ?kaVk blesa yxsxkA fiQj xys yxkdj /U;okn nw¡xk] ,d ?kaVk mlesa Hkh yx tk,xkA¸ >kmQyky cksysA ¶vPNk] igys ik¡p lkS #i;s fxudj lgst yhft,A¸ fcyoklh cksysA 38 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

#i;k vxj viuk gks rks mls lgstuk ,d ,slk lq[kn eueksgd dk;Z gS fd euq\"; ml le; lgt gh rUe;rk izkIr dj ysrk gSA ykyk >kmQyky us viuk dk;Z lekIr djosQ mQij ns[kkA blh chp fcyoklh th varè;kZu gks x, FksA ml jkr ykyk th dks nsj rd uhan ugha vkbZA os pknj yisVs pkjikbZ ij iM+s jgsA ,d cts mBs fiQj mUgksaus cgqr /hjs&ls viuh lksbZ gqbZ iRuh osQ xys ls lksus dh fldM+h fudkyh] ftlesa ,d rkyh c¡/h gqbZ FkhA fiQj mUgksaus rkyh ls lanwd dk rkyk [kksykA mlesa <kbZ lkS #i, j[kdj mls can dj fn;kA fiQj ncs ik¡o ykSVdj rkyh dks iwoZor~ viuh iRuh osQ xys esa Mky fn;kA blosQ ckn g¡ldj v¡xM+kbZ yhA nwljs fnu os lqcg vkB cts rd pSu dh uhan lks,A µvUuiw.kkZuan oekZ vleFkZ µ nqcZy] v'kDr] v;ksX; izfr\"Bk µ eku&e;kZnk] b””kr foink µ foifÙk] eqlhcr [kqD[k µ nfjnz] [kks[kyk] [kkyh u[kf'k[k µ iSj osQ uk[kwu ls flj osQ cky rd lk;oku µ NTtk lkaxksikax µ vPNh izdkj ls izdkaM µ fo'kky] foLr`r dks\"k µ 'kCndks'k foK µ le>nkj] tkuus okyk oq”kw µ uek”k ls igys gkFk&iSj vkSj e¡qg /ksuk laxzg µ bdV~Bk fd;k gqvk varè;kZu µ xk;c] vn`'; 1- if<+, vkSj cksfy,µ eq¡Msj vkd\"kZ.k lkaxksikax lqf'kf{kr ewfrZ;k¡ varè;kZu 2- lkspdj crkb,µ (d) #i, u gksrs gq, Hkh ykyk th us iRuh dks #i, nsus dk opu D;ksa fn;k\\ ([k) Nr ij Vgyrs gq, ykyk th D;k lksp jgs Fks\\ (x) iRuh n~okjk cs<axs yksVs esa ikuh nsus ij Hkh ykyk th us ukjk”kxh D;ksa ugha trkbZ\\ (?k) ykyk th fcyoklh dks xqLls ls D;ksa ns[k jgs Fks\\ vdcjh yksVk 39

1- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ mÙkj ,d 'kCn ;k okD; esa nhft,µ ------------------------------------- (d) ykyk th osQ ?kfu\"B fe=k dkSu Fks\\ ------------------------------------- ([k) ykyk th dh iRuh us fdrus #i;ksa dh ek¡x dh Fkh\\ ------------------------------------- (x) ykyk th osQ gkFk ls NwVdj yksVk dgk¡ tk fxjk\\ ------------------------------------- (?k) vaxsz”k osQ Øksf/r gksus dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\\ ------------------------------------- (Ä) vaxsz”k dks fdl ph”k dh ykylk Fkh\\ ------------------------------------- (p) vaxsz”k us cs<axs yksVs dk fdruk ewY; fn;k\\ ------------------------------------- (N) estj Mxyl dkSu Fkk\\ ------------------------------------- (t) ykyk >kmQyky dh izlUurk dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\\ 2- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ y?kq mÙkj nhft,µ (d) ikuh ihus osQ D;k&D;k fu;e gksrs gSa\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ([k) tc ykyk th eq¡Msj osQ ikl [kM+s gksdj ikuh ih jgs Fks rks D;k gqvk\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (x) ykyk th osQ gkFk ls NwVdj yksVk dgk¡ vkSj oSQls fxjk\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (?k) ykyk >kmQyky dks ns[kdj vaxzs”k us D;k fd;k\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Ä) vk¡xu esa HkhM+ ns[kdj fcyoklh us D;k fd;k\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

(p) i---k-B----o--sQ---v---u--ql---k-j---v---a-x--zs”--k---v---k-Sj---e--st---j----M--x--y---l-----u--s --D--;--k---e---w[--k-Zr--k---d---h---F--k-h-\\-------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ nh?kZ mÙkj viuh mÙkj iqfLrdk esa nhft,µ (d) >kmQyky dh ¯prk dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\\ mudh leL;k dk fuokj.k oSQls gqvk\\ ([k) fcyoklh us vaxzs”k osQ lkeus ykyk >kmQyky dks igpkuus ls budkj D;ksa dj fn;k\\ (x) vaMs dk uke ^tgk¡xhjh vaMk* D;ksa iM+k\\ vkiosQ erkuqlkj D;k og vaMk okLro esa tgk¡xhj vkSj uwjtgk¡ osQ le; dk jgk gksxk\\ 4- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ mi;qDr mÙkj ij () dk fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) iRuh n~okjk HkkbZ ls #i, ek¡xus dh ckr lqudj ykyk th fryfeyk mBs D;ksafdµ (i) m/kj ek¡xuk ykyk th osQ fu;eksa osQ fo#¼ FkkA (ii) ;g mudh izfr\"Bk dk loky FkkA (iii) mudh iRuh dk HkkbZ cgqr fu/Zu FkkA (iv) ?kj dh frtksjh esa g”kkjksa #i, j[ks FksA ([k) cq”kqxks± n~okjk ikuh ihus osQ fy, cuk, x, fu;e gSaµ (i) [kM+s&[kM+s ikuh u ihvksA (ii) nkSM+us osQ ckn ikuh u fivksA (iii) lksrs le; ikuh u ihvksA (iv) mijksDr lHkhA (x) vaxzs”k fpYyk jgk Fkk D;ksafdµ (i) fpYykuk mldk LoHkko FkkA (ii) ykyk th us mlosQ mQij ikuh fxjk fn;k FkkA (iii) yksVk fxjus ls mlosQ iSj esa pksV yx xbZ FkhA (iv) ykyk th us mlosQ iSls Nhu fy, FksA (?k) fcyoklh us yksVs osQ lanHkZ esa dkSu&lh ckrsa dgh Fkha\\ (i) yksVk lksygoha 'krkCnh dk gSA (ii) ,d czkg~e.k us blh yksVs ls ikuh fiykdj gqek;w¡ dh tku cpkbZ FkhA vdcjh yksVk 41

(iii) vdcj blh yksVs ls oq”kw djrs FksA (iv) mijksDr lHkhA (Ä) ^bl izdkj ls rks vkidk yksVk ml vaMs dk cki gqvk* bldk vFkZ gSµ (i) vaMk yksVs dk csVk FkkA (ii) yksVk vaMs ls Hkkjh FkkA (iii) yksVk vaMs ls iqjkuk FkkA (iv) yksVk vaMs ls e”kcwr FkkA Hkk\"kk esa oqQN 'kCn ,sls gksrs gSa tks tksM+s esa iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSaA bUgsa 'kCn&;qXe dgrs gSaA 'kCn&;qXe vusd izdkj osQ gksrs gSaµ 1- ikB esa vk, 'kCn&;qXe <w¡<+dj iqu#fDr okys µ ?kj&?kj] [kq'kh&[kq'kh] fdukjs&fdukjs fyf[k,µ ------------------- µ ------------------- leku oxZ okys µ vkl&ikl] ekrk&firk] vUu&ty ------------------- µ ------------------- ------------------- µ ------------------- foykse 'kCn okys µ fnu&jkr] lq[k&nq[k] vk'kk&fujk'kk lkFkZd&fujFkZd µ pk;&ok;] vkeus&lkeus] xi&'ki fujFkZd µ vuki&'kuki] vaV&'kaV] mQcM+&[kkcM+ ijlxZ lfgr µ dksbZ&u&dksbZ] dHkh&u&dHkh] oqQN&u&oqQN leJqfr fHkUukFkZd 'kCnµoqQN 'kCn ns[kus vkSj lquus esa ,d tSls yxrs gSa ijarq muosQ vFkks± esa fHkUurk ikbZ tkrh gS] bUgsa leJqfr fHkUukFkZd 'kCn dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ fnu µ fnol] nhu µ xjhcA 2- uhps fn, leJqfr fHkUukFkZd 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fy[kdj okD; cukb,µ yksVk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ykSVk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ m/kj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mn~/kj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ leku µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lEeku µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vis{kk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mis{kk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

3- uhps fn, 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ leFkZ µ ----------------------------- ilan µ ----------------------------- vkd\"kZ.k µ ----------------------------- fo'okl µ ----------------------------- izfln~/ µ ----------------------------- lq[kn µ ----------------------------- 4- uhps fn, 'kCnksa osQ lekukFkhZ 'kCn fyf[k,µ iRuh µ ----------------------------- µ ----------------------------- fnu µ ----------------------------- vk¡[k µ ----------------------------- µ ----------------------------- vkneh µ ----------------------------- 'kke µ ----------------------------- µ ----------------------------- ckn'kkg µ ----------------------------- ikuh yksHk µ ----------------------------- Hkzkrk uhan • ;fn >kmQyky dk fe=k prqjkbZ ls #i;ksa dk izca/ u djok ikrk rks D;k gksrk\\ dYiuk dhft, fd fiQj dgkuh D;k curh\\ • ;fn vaxzs”k iqfyl LVs'ku tkdj ykyk >kmQyky osQ fo#¼ fjiksVZ fy[kok nsrk rks D;k gksrk\\ • fp=k dks ns[kdj dksbZ fdLlk] pqVoqQyk ;k gkL; dfork viuh vH;kl iqfLrdk esa fyf[k,A • vè;kid@vè;kfidk dh lgk;rk ls fdlh gkL;&dFkk dk ukV~; :ikarj.k djosQ eapu dhft,A • iqLrdky; ;k baVjusV dh lgk;rk ls gkL;&dFkkvksa dk laxzg dhft,] fiQj mUgas d{kk esa lqukb,A vdcjh yksVk 43

8 ftusok ftusok fo'o osQ lokZf/d eg¡xs uxjksa esa fxuk tkrk gSA ,d ckj dk;kZy; dh vksj ls gesa bl eg¡xs uxj esa tkus dk volj feykA ;n~;fi ogk¡ tkus ls gekjh tsc ij dksbZ vfrfjDr [kpZ iM+us dh laHkkouk ugha Fkh] fiQj Hkh fdlh ubZ txg ij tk,¡ vkSj ogk¡ dh oqQN fo'ks\"k oLrqvksa dks u ns[ksa rks ml txg tkuk csekuh yxrk gSA blfy, eSa osQoy dk;kZy; dh cSBdksa dk Hkkx u cudj dHkh&dHkh vius eu dh r`\".kk dh Hkh r`fIr dj ysrk gw¡ vkSj tsc ij iM+us okys O;; dh ¯prk ugha djrkA ftl uxj esa tkuk gks] mldh FkksM+h&cgqr tkudkjh tkus ls iwoZ gh tqVk ysuk ,d cqn~f/thoh gksus osQ ukrs eSa viuk drZO; le>rk gw¡A eq>s bl uxj osQ rhu izeq[k Hkkxksa osQ ckjs esa irk pykA bl uxj dk ,d Hkkx cgqr iqjkuk gS tgk¡ dbZ cSad vkSj ck”kkj gSaA nwljs Hkkx esa la;qDr jk\"Vª dh laLFkkvksa dk tekoM+k gS rFkk rhljs Hkkx esa ;gk¡ dk vkd\"kZ.kµ ftusok dh izfln~/ >hy gSA ftusok tkus osQ fy, ge eqacbZ ls T;wfj[k igq¡ps vkSj ogk¡ ls ftusok osQ fy, mM+ku HkjhA eqacbZ ls lh/s ftusok osQ fy, mM+ku ugha gSA E;wfu[k gksrs gq, ftusok tkuk iM+rk gS ;k fiQj T;wfj[k ls gksrs gq,A eqacbZ ls T;wfj[k gokbZ vM~Ms ij igq¡pdj gesa ftusok dh mM+ku osQ fy, ek=k 45 feuV feys FksA gesa vius lkeku osQ ftusok •  cPpksa dks ns'kkVu osQ ykHk crkrs gq, ikB i<+k,¡A •  cPpksa dks ns'k&fons'k dh tkudkjh nsaA laHko gks losQ rks cPpksa dks fdlh ns'k dh ;k=kk Hkh djok,¡ vkSj mUgsa vius vuqHko fy[kus dks izsfjr djsaA 51

fy, dksbZ fo'ks\"k iz;kl ugha djus iM+sA fLol ,;j dh dk;Ziz.kkyh bruh lq?kM+ vkSj lqO;ofLFkr Fkh fd ge ftusok tkus okyh ÝykbV 45 feuV esa vkjke ls idM+ losQA ftusok osQ ,;jiksVZ osQ vkxeu gkWy ls izQkal o fLoVT~ k+ jyMaS nksuksa ns'kksa esa tk;k tk ldrk gSA fLoVT~ k+ jyMaS eas e[q ;r% rhu Hkk\"kk,¡ ckys h tkrh gµaS teuZ ] iQasz p vkjS brkoyhA ftuos k dh e[q ; Hkk\"kk iQsaz p gAS ftuos k eas l;a Dq r jk\"Vª dk e[q ;ky; gkus s oQs dkj.k ;gk¡ M<s + lkS ls Hkh vf/d n's kkas oQs ykxs jgrs gAaS Lokxr d{k eas tc ,d ,f'k;kbZ ;oq d dks ey;kyh yg”ks eas vxa ”sz kh ckys rs g,q ik;k rks e>q s vk'p;Z fefJr ilz Uurk gbq AZ mlls ckrphr djoQs e>q s iQsaz p Hkk\"kk oQs ckjs eas FkkMs h+ &cgrq tkudkjh feyhA mlus crk;k fd iQazs p Hkk\"kk dh ,d fo'k\"s krk ;g gS fd tlS k fy[krs gaS olS k ckys rs fcYkoQq y ugha g_aS tlS µs ^ylq ku* ,d uxj dk uke gAS bldk mPPkkj.k ^yLq lku*s gAS blh rjg ^Åb*Z dk ^vkÅph* vkjS ^ibq *Z dk ^iyq h* vkfnA tcfd gekjh ekrH` kk\"kk eas tLS kk fy[kks olS k ckys ks dk gh fu;e gAS euaS s Hkk\"kk dh bl fo'k\"s krk dks le>us dk i;z Ru fd;k ijra q cBS d dk fopkj vkrs gh mls tl&dk&rl NkMs + fn;k vkjS ftl dke oQs fy, vk, Fk]s mls ijw k djus oQs fy, py fn,A ftusok esa xehZ osQ ekSle esa lw;kZLr ukS cts osQ ckn gksrk gSA cSBd osQ ckn tc ge gksVy igq¡ps rks Ng ct pqosQ FksA geus la;qDr jk\"Vª osQ lHkh dk;kZy;ksa dks ns[kus dk eu cuk;k vkSj ns[kus osQ fy, fudy iM+sA la;qDr jk\"Vª osQ eq[;ky; esa lkjs lnL; ns'kksa osQ >aMs ygjk jgs FksA Hkkjr dk >aMk ns[kdj geus mls ^lSY;wV* fd;kA la;qDr jk\"Vª vius Hkou osQ dkj.k gh ugha cfYd vius egÙo osQ dkj.k Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA blosQ eq[;ky; osQ ckgj ,d vuks[kk Lekjd gSµ ,d fo'kkydk; oqQlhZ] ftldk ,d ik¡o VwVk gqvk gSA og Hkwfexr lqjaxksa ls gksus okyh gkfu osQ fpÉ osQ rkSj ij cuk;k x;k gSA eq[;ky; ls oqQN vkxs ^;wfulsiQ* vkSj ^;w,u,M~l* osQ dk;kZy; FksA ^;w,u,M~l* ,M~l tSlh Hk;adj chekjh ls eqdkcys osQ fy, cukbZ xbZ laLFkk gSA ^MCY;wVhvks* ,d iqjkus fo'kky Hkou esa fLFkr gSA ^vkbZ,yvks* vkSj ^vkbZVh;w* osQ lkeus ls xqtjrs gq, ge fo'o ekSle laxBu osQ Hkou osQ lkeus tk igq¡psA ;g Hkou oqQN fof'k\"V FkkA bl Hkou dks xfeZ;ksa esa BaMk vkSj lfnZ;ksa esa xeZ djus dh vko';drk ugha gksrhA ftusok esa lfnZ;ksa esa tedj ci- ZQ iM+rh gS vkSj xfeZ;ksa esa rkieku rhl fMxzh rd igq¡p tkrk gSA la;qDr jk\"Vª dh cSBosaQ eq[;r% rhu uxjksa esa gksrh gSaA os uxj gSaµ ftusok] U;w;koZQ vkSj fo;ukA izR;sd o\"kZ yxHkx ckjg g”kkj cSBosaQ ftusok esa] pkj g”kkj cSBosaQ U;w;koZQ esa vkSj yxHkx Ms<+ g”kkj cSBosaQ fo;uk esa gksrh gSaA ftusok esa vkSlru pkyhl cSBosaQ izfrfnu gksrh gSaA cSBdksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ;gk¡ osQ gksVy] gokbZ vM~Ms rFkk cSBd LFkyksa rd vkus&tkus osQ fy, fu%'kqYd Vªke] clsa vkSj jsyxkfM+;k¡ miyC/ gSaA fLol Vsªu O;oLFkk cgqr gh eg¡xh gSA VSDlh rks blls Hkh eg¡xh iM+rh gSA uxj Hkj esa Hkze.k djuk rks fcYkoqQy ^Úh* gS tcfd uxj ls lkB fdyksehVj nwj nwljs uxj esa tkus dk fdjk;k ipkl iszaQd vFkkZr~ yxHkx nks g”kkj #i, FkkA VSDlh ls ik¡p fdyksehVj tkus dk fdjk;k lkr lkS #i, pqdk;k rc tkdj gesa bl uxj osQ eg¡xs gksus dk vuqHko gqvkA 52 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

ftusok dh tula[;k yxHkx nks yk[k gSA fnYyh ;k eqacbZ tSls uxjksa dh rqyuk esa ;g oqQN Hkh ugha gSA ftusok osQ vkl&ikl osQ miuxjksa dh tula[;k oqQy feykdj ckjg yk[k gSA yxHkx brus gh i;ZVd ;gk¡ gj o\"kZ vkrs gSa tcfd Hkkjr esa fnYyh vkSj eqacbZ tSls uxjksa dh tula[;k djksM+ksa osQ vk¡dM+s dks ikj dj pqdh gSA blosQ ckn ftusok osQ eq[; vkd\"kZ.k ogk¡ dh >hy dk Hkze.k djus osQ fy, geus ,d owzQt cksV yhA ;g >hy yxHkx ipgÙkj fdyksehVj yach rFkk pkSng fdyksehVj pkSM+h gSA bl >hy osQ ,d fdukjs ij ftusok vkSj fLoVT~ k+ jySaM rFkk nwljs fdukjs ij izQkal gSA bl >hy ls yxh vkYIl ioZr dh vusd Jsf.k;k¡ gSaA >hy dk ikuh cgqr LoPN FkkA nksuksa vksj gjs&Hkjs fdukjs vkSj ihNs vkYIl ioZr Ük`a[kyk,¡ bldh lqanjrk esa pkj pk¡n yxk jgh FkhaA >hy dk Hkze.k djus osQ ckn ge bl uxj osQ cSadksa okys Hkkx esa igq¡psA fLol cSad dk uke rks lEHkor% lc us gh lquk gksxkA Hkkjr esa rks ;s cSad usrkvksa n~okjk dkyk /u tek djokus osQ uke ij cgqr ”kksj&'kksj ls mNkys tkrs gSaA geus rks bu cSadksa dks ckgj ls ns[kdj gh vkRelarqf\"V dj yh D;ksafd bu cSadksa osQ vanj tkus dk lkeF;Z gekjk ugha FkkA tks yksx jsy vkSj VSDlh osQ fdjk, osQ fy, tsc dks VVksysa] fLol cSad osQ vanj Hkyk D;k djsaxs\\ ogk¡ ls oqQN vkSj vkxs c<+s rks Hkkjr osQ jk\"Vªfirk egkRek xka/h dks foKkiu osQ IkksLVjksa esa ns[kdj gesa cM+h gSjkuh gqbZA VsyhdkWe oaQiuh gks ;k jsLrjk¡] lc&osQ&lc xka/h th dh izfln~f/ dks Hkqukus esa yxs FksA 'kk;n mUgsa xka/h th fo'okl osQ izrhd yxs] ij gekjs fy, rks os jk\"Vªfirk gSaA vr% foKkiuksa esa egkRek xka/h dk fp=k fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; ukxfjd dh le> ls ijs gSA geus jkr osQ yxHkx ckjg cts ,d Hkkjrh; jsLrjk¡ esa [kkuk [kk;kA ogk¡ ,d O;fDr osQ [kkus dk O;; yxHkx iSarhl lkS #i, FkkA [kkuk [kkdj ge gksVy dh vksj ykSV pysA jkr osQ ,d cts Hkh ftusok esa ped ned vkSj 'kksHkk NkbZ gqbZ FkhA nwljs fnu nksigj esa ge gokbZ vM~Ms igq¡ps vkSj Lons'k dh vksj izLFkku fd;kA ftusok 53

lokZf/d µ lcls vf/d r`\".kk µ I;kl r`fIr µ vko';drk iwjh gksus ij feyus okyh ekufld 'kkafr iwoZ µ igys T;wfj[k µ fLoVT~ k+ jyS.M dk ,d uxj E;wfu[k µ teZuh dk ,d uxj fefJr µ feyh gqbZ fo'ks\"krk µ [kkfl;r lkeF;Z µ gSfl;r 1- if<+, vkSj cksfy,µ dk;kZy; cqn~f/thoh lqO;ofLFkr izsaQp ;wfulsiQ MCY;wVhvks 2- lkspdj crkb,µ (d) la;qDr jk\"Vª osQ eq[;ky; osQ lkeus dkSu&lk Lekjd gS\\ ([k) ^D;k ftusok dks cSBdksa dk uxj dguk mfpr gksxk\\* blosQ i{k ;k foi{k esa mÙkj nhft,A (x) ftusok vkSj Hkkjr osQ egkuxjksa dh rqyuk dhft, vkSj crkb, fd buesa D;k fofHkUurk,¡ ns[kus dks feyrh gSa\\ 1- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ y?kq mÙkj nhft,µ (d) ftusok osQ izeq[k Hkkx dkSu&ls gSa\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ([k) ftusok dh eq[; Hkk\"kk dkSu&lh gS vkSj mldh D;k fo'ks\"krk gS\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

(x) ys[kd us ekSle foHkkx osQ Hkou dks fof'k\"V D;ksa dgk\\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (?k) ftusok dh tula[;k ij izdk'k Mkfy,A -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ nh?kZ mÙkj viuh mÙkj iqfLrdk esa nhft,µ (d) la;qDr jk\"Vª dh cSBdksa dk o.kZu dhft, vkSj crkb, fd ftusok esa buosQ fy, D;k O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS\\ ([k) ^ftusok eg¡xk uxj gSA* bl ckr dk vuqHko ys[kd dks dc&dc gqvk\\ ikB osQ vkèkkj ij o.kZu dhft,A (x) ftusok dh >hy dh lqanjrk dk o.kZu dhft,A 3- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ mi;qDr mÙkj ij () dk fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) ys[kd ftusok D;ksa x;k Fkk\\ (i) fe=kksa osQ lkFk ?kweus&fiQjus osQ fy,A (ii) la;qDr jk\"Vª dh vksj ls fuea=k.k vkus osQ dkj.kA (iii) dk;kZy; dh vksj ls cSBd esa Hkkx ysus osQ fy,A (iv) ifjokj oQs lkFk NVq f~ V;k¡ eukus oQs fy,A ([k) ftusok dh eq[; Hkk\"kk dkSu&lh gS\\ (i) teZu (ii) izsaQp (iii) brkoyh (iv) vxa ”sz kh ftusok 55

(x) izsaQp Hkk\"kk dh D;k fo'ks\"krk gS\\ (i) tSls fy[kh tkrh gS oSls gh cksyh tkrh gSA (ii) tSls fy[kh tkrh gS oSls cksyh fcYkoqQy ugha tkrhA (iii) iwjs fo'o esa cksyh tkrh gSA (iv) ;jw kis dh ,d iez [q k Hkk\"kk ugha gAS (?k) Hk;adj chekjh ^,M~l* osQ fy, dkSu&lh laLFkk dke djrh gS\\ (i) ;wfulsiQ (ii) vkbZVh;w (iii) ;w,u,M~l (iv) MCY;Vw hvk s (Ä) la;qDr jk\"Vª dh cSBosaQ dgk¡ gksrh gSa\\ (i) ftusok esa (ii) fo;uk esa (iii) U;w;koZQ esa (iv) mi;DZq r lHkh eas 1- uhps fn, 'kCnksa dk laf/&foPNsn dhft,µ eq[;ky; µ ---------------------------- $ ---------------------------- dk;kZy; µ ---------------------------- $ ---------------------------- fujk'kk µ ---------------------------- $ ---------------------------- fu%'kqYd µ ---------------------------- $ ---------------------------- ;n~;fi µ ---------------------------- $ ---------------------------- µ ---------------------------- $ ---------------------------- izR;sd ¯gnh Hkk\"kk esa vaxzs”kh] vjch o I+kQkjlh Hkk\"kk osQ 'kCnksa dk lekos'k fd;k x;k gSA bUgha 'kCnksa osQ 'kqn~èk mPpkj.k osQ fy, O;atuksa osQ uhps fcanh yxkbZ tkrh gSA O;atuksa osQ uhps yxus okyh ;g fcanh ^uqDrk* dgykrh gS_ tSlsµck”kkj] I+kQk;nk vkfnA 2- ikB esa vk, uqDrk yxs 'kCnksa dks pqudj fyf[k,µ ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- 56 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

3- Hkkjr esa jgus okyksa dks Hkkjrh; dgrs gSaA uhps oqQN ns'kksa osQ uke fn, gSa] muesa jgus okys yksxksa dks D;k dgrs gSa\\ fyf[k,µ µ ---------------------------- Tkkiku µ ---------------------------- phu vIk+ QxkfuLrku µ ---------------------------- vesfjdk µ ---------------------------- IkkfdLrku µ ---------------------------- usiky µ ---------------------------- µ ---------------------------- vkWLVªsfy;k µ ---------------------------- :l • ^tgk¡ tkuk gks mldh FkksM+h&cgqr tkudkjh igys gh tqVk ysuh pkfg,A* ys[kd osQ bl dFku ls vki dgk¡ rd lger gSa\\ • ftusok dh rjg ;fn gekjs ns'k esa Hkh cl] jsy vkfn dh ;k=kk fu%'kqYd dj nh tk, rks D;k gksxk\\ dYiuk osQ vk/kj ij mÙkj nhft,A • mÙkj iqfLrdk esa fdlh ;k=kk dk o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A • ^Hkwfexr lqjaxksa ls gkfu* ij viuh mÙkj iqfLrdk esa vuqPNsn fyf[k,A • la;qDr jk\"Vª dk xBu dc vkSj D;ksa fd;k x;k\\ blosQ fdrus foHkkx gSa rFkk muosQ D;k&D;k dk;Z gSa\\ baVjusV dh lgk;rk ls tkudkjh izkIr dhft, vkSj ,d ifj;kstuk cukb,A • ,d pkVZ ij oqQN izeq[k varjkZ\"Vªh; fnolksa dh lwph cukdj d{kk esa yxkb,A • ;fn vkidks fon~;ky; dh vksj ls fdlh izfr;ksfxrk esa Hkkx ysus gsrq fdlh vU; jkT; ;k ns'k esa tkuk iM+s rks vki D;k&D;k rS;kfj;k¡ djsaxs\\ • ;fn vki fdlh u, LFkku ij tkdj ekxZ HkVd tk,¡ rks vki D;k djsaxs\\ ftusok 57

(d) ^varjkZ\"Vªh; Je fnol* dc euk;k tkrk gS\\ (i) 1 ebZ (ii) 5 vDVwcj (iii) 28 iQjojh (iv) 24 fnlacj ([k) ^fo'o oSaQlj fnol* dc euk;k tkrk gS\\ (i) 12 ekpZ (ii) 4 iQjojh (iii) 20 vxLr (iv) 21 iQjojh (x) buesa ls vkjñ osQñ ukjk;.k dh iqLrd dkSu&lh gS\\ (i) ekyxqM+h Mst (ii) isaVj vkWiQ lkbu (iii) , Vkbxj iQkWj ekyxqMh (iv) lHkh (?k) ^eSyk vk¡py* fdldh izfln~/ Ñfr gS\\ (i) iQ.kh'ojukFk js.kq (ii) iQkfrek HkqV~Vks (iii) jke/kjh ¯lg fnudj (iv) jkepanz 'kqDy ( Ä) ^gSjh ikWVZj* lhjh”k osQ ys[kd dkSu gSa\\ (i) ,yñ osQñ vkMok.kh (ii) tsñ osQñ jkW¯yx (iii) ,Me fLeFk (iv) psru Hkxr (p) buesa ls fofy;e 'ksDlih;j dh izfln~/ iqLrd dkSu&lh gS\\ (i) jksfe;ks twfy;V (ii) twfy;l lhtj (iii) V~osYFk ukbV (iv) lHkh (N) buesa ls dkSu&lh Ñfr eqa'kh izsepan dh ugha gS\\ (i) xksnku (ii) xcu (iii) fp=kys[kk (iv) fueZyk (t) buesa ls dkSu&lh iqLrd MkWñ ,ñ ihñ tsñ vCnqy dyke n~okjk fy[kh xbZ gS\\ (i) ¯oXl vkWiQ iQk;j (ii) bafM;k&2020 , fotu iQkWj n U;w feysfu;e (iii) ekbZ tuhZ VªkaliQkfe±x MªhEl --- (iv) lHkh (>) buesa ls fdl iqjLdkj dks ^,f'k;k dk ukscsy* iqjLdkj ekuk tkrk gS\\ (i) iqfyRtj iqjLdkj (ii) eku cqdj iqjLdkj (iii) d¯yx iqjLdkj (iv) jseu eSXlsls iqjLdkj 58 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

(×k) gjxks¯on [kqjkuk] veR;Z lsu vkSj lhñ ohñ jeu esa D;k lekurk gS\\ (i) ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk (ii) jseu eSXlsls iqjLdkj fotsrk (iii) iqfyRtj iqjLdkj fotsrk (iv) xzseh iqjLdkj fotsrk (V) psdesV fo'ki] ukbV] LVsyesV vkfn 'kCn fdl [ksy ls lacaf/r gSa\\ (i) fØosQV (ii) 'krjat (iii) Vsful (iv) oqQ'rh (B) vkWiQ lkbM] isuYVh fdd] izQh fdd vkSj Vpykbu fdl [ksy ls lacaf/r 'kCn gSa\\ (i) Vsful (ii) ckLosQV ckWy (iii) iqQVckWy (iv) ckW¯Dlx (M) buesa ls dkSu&lk 'kCn gkWdh [ksy ls lacaf/r ugha gS\\ (i) LowQi (ii) lsaVj iQkWjoMZ (iii) uks ckWy (iv) iqQy cSd (<) ;g f[kykM+h fdl [ksy ls lacaf/r gS\\ (i) gkWdh (ii) iqQVckWy (iii) okWyhckWy (iv) fØosQV (.k) ;g fp=k fdl izfln~/ O;fDr dk gS\\ (ii) ujsanz eksnh (i) cjkd vksckek (iv) vj¯on osQtjhoky (iii) jru VkVk (r) ;g fp=k fdl izfln~/ oSKkfud dk gS\\ (ii) ,YizsQM ukscsy (i) ekdksZuh (iv) ,Mhlu (iii) vYcVZ vkbalVhu (?k) (i) (x) (iv) ([k) (ii) ((Md-)) ((iii)) mÙkj% (t) (iv) (N) (iii) (p) (iv) (>) (iv) (B) (iii) (V) (ii) (×k) (i) (M) (iii) (r) (iii) (.k) (i) (<) (iv) D;k vki tkurs gSa\\ 59

10 Lokeh foosdkuan Lokeh foosdkuan dk tUe 12 tuojh] 1863 dks dksydkrk mPp U;k;ky; osQ ,d izfln~/ vf/oDrk fo'oukFk nÙk osQ ;gk¡ gqvkA cpiu esa Lokeh foosdkuan dk uke ujsanzukFk FkkA UkjsanzukFk cpiu ls gh es/koh FksA mudh cqn~f/ bruh iz[kj Fkh fd os ,d ckj tks lqu ;k i<+ ysrs] mUgsa ;kn gks tkrk FkkA mUgksaus ,d o`n~/ iM+kslh ls lqudj gh ^eqX/ cks/* laLÑr O;kdj.k osQ lHkh lw=k oaQBLFk dj fy, FksA mudh ek¡ fuR; jkek;.k vkSj xhrk dk ikB djrh Fkha tks ujsanzukFk dks lqudj gh oaQBLFk gks x, FksA nhu&nqf[k;ksa osQ izfr ujsanzukFk dks fo'ks\"k vuqjkx FkkA fu/Zu dks ns[krs gh mudk ân; d#.kk ls Hkj tkrk FkkA muosQ ikl tks oqQN gksrk] os rqjar mls ns nsrs FksA mudks è;ku&/kj.k vkSj iwtu&oanu osQ laLdkj Hkh feys FksA tc os è;kueXu gksdj cSBrs rks viuh lq/&cq/ [kks nsrs Fks] rc mUgsa ckg~; lalkj dk Kku gh u jgrk FkkA ,d fnu lkfFk;ksa osQ lkFk [ksy&[ksy esa gh os è;ku yxkdj cSB x,A la;ksx ls ogk¡ ,d lk¡i vk x;kA yM+osQ ^lk¡i&lk¡i* fpYykrs gq, Hkkx x, ijarq ujsanzukFk è;kueXu cSBs jgsA dksykgy lqudj ?kj osQ yksx nkSM+s&nkSM+s vk,A ns[kk fd lk¡i iQu iSQyk, ujsanzukFk osQ ikl cSBk gSA mldks Hkxkrs rks laHkor% ujsanzukFk dks dkV ysrkA bl ckr ls Mjdj lc yksx pqipki [kM+s gksdj Hkxoku ls izkFkZuk djus yxsA FkksM+h nsj ckn lk¡i Lo;a gh pyk x;kA rc ujsanzukFk dk è;ku Hkax fd;k x;kA vBkjg o\"kZ dh vk;q rd ujsanzukFk lalkj osQ vusd /eks± vkSj xzaFkksa dk vè;;u dj pqosQ FksA os ¯gnw /eZ vkSj n'kZu ls mudh rqyuk Hkh dj pqosQ FksA muosQ eu esa ckj&ckj ;gh iz'u mBrsµ ;fn lHkh ijefirk dh larku gSa rks lalkj esa bruh fo\"kerk D;ksa gS vkSj D;k fdlh us ml ijefirk ijes'oj osQ n'kZu fd, gSa\\ Jh jkeo`Q\".k ijegal ls HkasV ,d fnu ,d iM+kslh osQ ?kj Jh jkeÑ\".k ijegal ls mudh HksaV gks xbZA Jh jkeÑ\".k ijegla dkys dkrk oQs ikl nf{k.k's oj eas dkyh efa nj oQs itq kjh FkAs os lla kj dh ekgs &ek;k ls fojDr] flnè~ k lra Fks o lHkh /ek±s dh lekurk dk min's k nrs s FkAs ml fnu ujnas uz kFk us ,ls k xkuk xk;k ftls luq dj jkeÑ\".k lekf/LFk gks x,A mUgkuas s ujnas uz kFk dks nf{k.k's oj vkus dk fue=a k.k fn;kA nf{k.ks'oj igq¡pdj mUgksaus jkeÑ\".k ls iz'u fd;kµ ¶D;k bZ'oj dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS\\¸ jkeÑ\".k cksys] ¶D;ksa ugha\\ mUgsa oSls gh ns[kk tk ldrk gS tSls eSa rqEgsa ns[k jgk gw¡A ijarq ,slk djuk dkSu pkgrk gS\\ L=kh&iq#\"k osQ fy, yksx ?kM+ksa vk¡lw cgkrs gSa] #i,&iSls osQ fy, izfrfnu jksrs gSa ijarq Hkxoku dh izkfIr u gksus •  cPpksa dks Lokeh foosdkuan osQ izfln~/ okD; ^osnksa dh vksj ykSVks* osQ ckjs esa crk,¡A lkFk gh jkeÑ\".k fe'ku dh LFkkiuk] mn~ns'; o f'k{kk osQ ckjs esa Hkh tkudkjh nsaA •  Lokeh foosdkuan osQ thou ls izsj.kk ysrs gq, cPPkksa esa ijksidkj dh Hkkouk txk,¡A Lokeh foosdkuan 67

ij dkSUk jksrk gS\\¸ jkeÑ\".k dh bl ckr ls ujsanzukFk cgqr izHkkfor gq, vkSj nf{k.ks'oj vkus&tkus yxs ftlls mudh oSjkX;&o`fÙk c<+us yxhA mudh ekrk mPPkkdkaf{k.kh efgyk FkhaA mudh vkdka{kk Fkh fd mudk csVk cgqr cM+k vf/oDrk cus vkSj fookg djosQ nqfu;k osQ lkjs lq[k HkksxsA blosQ fy, os jkeÑ\".k th dh lsok esa Hkh mifLFkr gqb± vkSj muls fourh dh_ ijarq ftlus vkRekuqHkwfr dk Lokn p[k fy;k gks] mls ykSfdd lq[k&Hkksx oSQls viuh vksj [khap ldrs gSa! jkeÑ\".k ujsanzukFk ls cgqr izse djrs FksA ,d fnu ckrphr djrs gq, jkeÑ\".k us mUgsa Li'kZ dj fy;kA Li'kZ djrs gh ujsanzukFk laKk'kwU; gks x,A os ekuks fdlh vkSj yksd esa igq¡p x,A ml le; osQ vuqHko dks ujsanzukFk us oqQN bl rjg crk;kµ ¶ml le; esjh vk¡[ksa [kqyh gqbZ FkhaA eSaus ns[kk fd nhokjksa osQ lkFk dejs dk lkjk lkeku rhozrk ls ?kwerk gqvk dgha foyhu gks jgk gSA eq>s yxk fd lkjs czg~ekaM osQ lkFk eSa Hkh ,d egk'kwU; esa foyhu gks jgk gw¡A eSa Hk; ls dk¡i mBkA tc esjh psruk ykSVh rks eSaus ns[kk fd BkoqQj jkeÑ\".k eqldjkrs gq, esjh ihB ij gkFk isQj jgs gSaA¸ bl ?kVuk dk ujsanzukFk ij xgjk izHkko iM+kA mUgksaus lkspk fd ftl 'kfDr osQ lkeus eq> tSlk n`<+ bPNk'kfDr okyk cfy\"B ;qod Hkh cPPkk cu x;k] og O;fDr fu'p; gh vykSfdd 'kfDrlaiUu gSA mudks Jh jkeÑ\".k ijegal ij iw.kZ Jn~/k gks xbZ vkSj os yxHkx ik¡p o\"kZ rd muosQ laioZQ esa jgsA vius vkè;kfRed cy vkSj mnkj /k£ed izo`fÙk ls ijegal us mUgsa o'khHkwr dj fy;k vkSj ujsanzukFk us mUgsa viuk xq# eku fy;kA Hkkjr&Hkze.k Jh jkeÑ\".k dh egklekf/ osQ i'pkr muosQ f'k\";ksa dk Hkkj ujsanzukFk ij vk x;kA mUgksaus cM+h Jn~/k vkSj rUe;rk ls bl Hkkj dks ogu fd;k rFkk Lokeh foosdkuan osQ uke ls izfln~/ gks x,A laU;kl ysus osQ ckn Lokeh foosdkuan dh riL;k vkSj ns'kHkze.k dk thou izkjaHk gqvkA lR; dh izkfIr osQ fy, mUgksaus lHkh izdkj osQ d\"V izlUurkiwoZd lgsA ^djry fHk{kk] r#ry okl* dh lh[k eu esa fy, os fgeky; osQ cnzhukFk&osQnkjukFk ls nf{k.k osQ dU;koqQekjh rd iwjs ns'k esa ?kwers jgsA egku vkSj xkSjo'kkyh Hkkjr dk :i ns[kdj Jn~/k ls mudk eLrd 68 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

>qd x;k_ ijarq Hkkjr dh lqIr vkRek vkSj cafnuh Hkkjrekrk dh nSU;ew£r ns[kdj mudk eu d#.kk ls Hkj x;kA mUgsa Hkkjrh; turk osQ thou osQ gj igyw dks fudV ls ns[kus dk ekSdk feykA mUgksaus >ksaifM+;k¡ ns[kha] HkO; izklkn ns[ks vkSj laiUu O;fDr;ksa osQ ân; esa xjhcksa osQ fy, ?kksj mnklhurk ns[kh ftlls mudk ân; jks mBkA os tgk¡ tkrs] yksxksa dks mins'k nsrsA mudh ok.kh esa vikj 'kfDr FkhA muosQ us=kksa esa lEeksgu FkkA os ftlls Hkh feyrs] ckrphr djrs] ogh eqX/ gks tkrkA mudh lHkkvksa esa Hkkjh HkhM+ gksus yxhA jktk&egkjktk Hkh muosQ f'k\"; cuus yxsA os lcls dgrsµ ¶ge Hkkjrh; igys gSa_ caxkyh] ejkBh] xqtjkrh vkSj enzklh ckn esaA ge lc feydj bl ns'k osQ fuokfl;ksa dh nfjnzrk vkSj vKkurk dks nwj djus dk iz;Ru djsaxsA lHkh esjs ikl vkvksA jke&Ñ\".k dh larkuks] Hkkjr osQ lHkh fuokfl;ks! esjs Ikkl vkvksA eSa ,d ,slk /eZ pkgrk gw¡ tks tu&tu dks vUu] oL=k vkSj f'k{kk nsus osQ lkFk&lkFk] mUgsa vius nq[kksa dks nwj djus dh 'kfDr Hkh nsA¸ lu~ 1892 esa Hkkjr Hkze.k djrs gq, os dU;koqQekjh igq¡psA leqnz rV ls oqQN nwjh ij nks NksVh&NksVh pV~Vkusa FkhaA Lokeh th ogk¡ rd rSjdj igq¡ps o ogk¡ mUgksaus rhu fnu rd riL;k dhA vkt ogk¡ mudh ;kn esa foosdkuan f'kyk Lekjd cuk gqvk gSA izfro\"kZ yk[kksa i;ZVd ogk¡ tkrs gSaA f'kdkxks tkuk bl izdkj Hkze.k djrs vkSj mins'k nsrs gq, tc Lokeh th enzkl igq¡ps rks mUgsa vesfjdk esa gksus okys izFke fo'o /eZ&lEesyu osQ vk;kstu dk lekpkj feykA bl lEesyu esa lfEefyr gksus osQ fy, os 31 ebZ] 1883 dks tgk”k ls fons'k osQ fy, fudy iM+sA 11 flrEcj] 1883 dks vesfjdk osQ f'kdkxks 'kgj esa fo'o dk igyk loZ/eZ lEesyu izkjaHk gqvkA bl lEesyu esa lalkj osQ lHkh /eks± osQ izfrfuf/ vk, gq, FksA lHkk Hkou vesfjdk osQ lqf'kf{kr L=kh&iq#\"kksa ls [kpk[kp Hkjk FkkA lHkk vkjaHk gqbZA ,d&,d izfrfuf/ eap ij vkrk vkSj vius /eZ dk ifjp; nsrs gq, laf{kIr Lokeh foosdkuan 69

Hkk\"k.k nsrkA lHkh izfrfuf/ viuk Hkk\"k.k rS;kj djosQ yk, Fks ¯drq Lokeh th oqQN Hkh fy[kdj ugha yk, FksA mUgkasus ek¡ ljLorh dks iz.kke dj cksyuk 'kq: fd;kA muosQ xs#, oL=k vkSj vkè;kfRed rst ls txexkrs gq, eq[keaMy us yksxksa dk è;ku cjcl gh viuh vksj vkÑ\"V dj fy;kA vU; oDrkvksa dh Hkk¡fr izpfyr izFkk osQ vuqlkj Jksrkvksa dks lacksf/r u dj mUgksaus dgkµ ¶esjs vesfjdh Hkkb;ks ,oa cguks!¸ mudk bruk gh dguk Fkk fd lHkk&LFky djry èofu ls xw¡t mBk] ekuks fdlh us lEeksgu dj fn;k gks! tc lHkk 'kkra gbq Z rks viuk ,oa vius /eZ dk ifjp; nrs s g,q Lokeh foods kuna us dgkµ ¶tks /eZ vukfn dky ls lc erksa dks leku :i ls xzg.k djus dh f'k{kk nsrk vk;k gS] eSa mlh /eZ dk izfrfuf/ gw¡_ tks /eZ nwljs /ekZoyafc;ksa dks osQoy leku n`f\"V ls gh ugha ns[krk oju muosQ erksa dks lR; Hkh ekurk gS_ eSa mlh /eZ dks ekuusokyk gw¡A tks tkfr ;qxksa&;qxksa ls lHkh /eks± rFkk tkfr;ksa osQ Hk;Hkhr vkSj vR;kpkj&ihfM+r euq\";ksa dks lEeku osQ lkFk vkJ; Hkh nsrh jgh gS] eSa mlh tkfr oQk gw¡A nks g”kkj lky igys jkse osQ vR;kpkj ls Hkkxs gq, ;gwfn;ksa us ftl ns'k esa 'kj.k yh Fkh vkSj tgk¡ vkt Hkh os fu£o?u jg jgs gSa] eSa ml ns'k dk jgus okyk gksus osQ dkj.k vius dks xkSjokfUor vuqHko djrk g¡wA lalkj osQ lHkh LFkkuksa ls feVdj Hkh ftl ns'k esa vkt Hkh ikjlh tkfr thfor gS] eSa mlh ns'k dk fuoklh gksus osQ dkj.k vius dks xkSjokfUor ekurk gw¡A¸ var esa mUgksaus dgkµ ¶lHkh /eks± dk xarO; ,d gSA ftl izdkj fofHkUu ekxks± ls cgrh gqbZ ufn;k¡ leqnz esa gh tkdj fxjrh gSa] mlh izdkj lHkh er&erkarj ijekRek dh vksj gh ys tkrs gSaA ekuo /eZ ,d gS] ekuo tkfr ,d gSA¸ Lokeh th dh ok.kh esa Hkkjrh; Íf\"k;ksa dh ok.kh >aÑr gks jgh FkhA yksx ea=keqX/ gksdj mudh ckras lqu jgs FksA lEesyu osQ vafre fnu mUgksaus dgkµ ¶;fn dksbZ ;g LoIu ns[krk gS fd ,d fnu lHkh /eZ u\"V gks tk,¡xs] osQoy mUghsa dk /eZ jgsxk rks eq>s mu ij n;k vkrh gSA 70 nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7

bl lEesyu osQ i'pkr~ LOkkeh foosdkuan izfln~/ vkSj tufiz; gks x,A vesfjdk esa LFkku&LFkku ij mudk Lokxr gqvkA os rhu o\"kZ vesfjdk esa gh jgs vkSj osnkar dk Ikzpkj djrs jgsA ogk¡ mUgksaus ^U;w;koZQ osnkar lkslkbVh* dh LFkkiuk Hkh dhA Lokeh th dk :i cM+k lqanj vkSj HkO; FkkA mudk 'kjhj lcy vkSj lqn`<+ Fkk] n`f\"V esa fo|qr&lk vlj Fkk vkSj eq[keaMy ij vkRe&rst dk vkyksdA dBksj ckr mudh ok.kh ls dHkh ugha fudyhA fo'ofo[;kr vkSj fo'ooan~; gksrs gq, Hkh mudk LoHkko vfr ljy vkSj O;ogkj vfr fouez FkkA mudk ikafMR; vxk/ FkkA os vaxzs”kh osQ iw.kZ iafMr vkSj vius le; osQ loZJs\"B oDrk FksA os laLÑr&lkfgR; vkSj n'kZu osQ fon~oku Fks vkSj teZu] fgczw] xzhd] izsaQp vkfn fofHkUu Hkk\"kkvksa ij mudk vf/dkj FkkA mudh ok.kh esa ,slk izHkko Fkk fd muosQ Hkk\"k.k Jksrkvksa osQ ân; ij iRFkj dh js[kk cu tkrs FksA muosQ Hkk\"k.k dk ;g va'k Lo.kkZ{kjksa esa fy[kk tkus ;ksX; gSµ ¶I;kjs ns'kokfl;ks! iquhr vk;kZorZ esa clus okyks! D;k rqe viuh bl frjLdj.kh; Hkh#rk ls og Lok/hurk izkIr dj ldksxs] tks osQoy ohj iq#\"kksa dk vfèkdkj gS\\ gs Hkkjroklh Hkkb;ks! ;g vPNh rjg ;kn j[kks fd lhrk] lkfo=kh vkSj ne;arh rqEgkjh tkfr dh nsfo;k¡ gSaA gs ohj iq#\"kks! enZ cuks vkSj yydkj dj dgks fd ge Hkkjrh; gSa] ge Hkkjr esa jgus okys gSaA mudk izfl¼ okD; Fkk% mfr\"B tkx`r! Hkkjr okfil vkuk Hkkjr ykSVus ij tSls gh foosdkuan dks Hkkjr dk leqnz rV fn[kkbZ fn;k] mudh vk¡[kksa ls vkuankJq Nyd iM+sA os gkFk tksM+dj ,dVd leqnz rV dh vksj ns[krs jgsA tgk”k osQ fdukjs ij yxrs gh os nkSM+dj HkkjrHkwfe dks lk\"Vkax iz.kke dj rV dh jsr esa bl izdkj yksVus yxs ekuks o\"kks± osQ ckn dksbZ cPpk ek¡ dh xksn esa igq¡pk gks! ,d ckj ,d ;qod Lokeh th osQ ikl Kku izkfIr osQ fy, vk;kA Lokeh th us mls dgk fd igys 6 eghus iqQVckWy [ksyks_ viuk 'kjhj ln`<+ djks_ fiQj Kku izkfIr osQ fy, vkvksA Hkkjr ykSVus ij Lokeh foosdkuan us ns'kokfl;ksa dh lsok osQ fy,] jkeÑ\".k osQ lans'k osQ izpkj osQ fy, vkSj txr osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, ebZ 1897 esa ^jkeÑ\".k fe'ku* dh LFkkiuk dhA bl laLFkk dk mn~ns'; yksd&lsok djrs gq, osnkar dk izlkj djuk FkkA vkt Hkh bl laLFkk dh 'kk[kk,¡ ns'k vkSj fons'kksa esa tudY;k.k gsrq dk;Z dj jgh gSaA blosQ lkFk gh ekuks muosQ thou dk fe'ku iwjk gqvkA vf/d Je osQ dkj.k Lokeh th dk LokLF; fcxM+ x;kA 4 tqykbZ] 1902 dks Lokeh th lekf/ dh voLFkk esa iapHkkSfrd 'kjhj dks R;kxdj ije/ke dks fl/kj x,A Lokeh th ek¡ Hkkjrh osQ rstLoh iq=k FksA Lokeh foosdkuan 71

es/koh µ rhoz cqn~f/okyk iz[kj µ rh{.k] rs”k eXq / ck/s µ lLa oQ` r O;kdj.k dh ,d ikz phu iLq rd oaQBLFk µ ”kckuh ;kn fd;k gqvk vuqjkx µ izse fojDr µ lkla kfjd lfq o/kvkas ls njw jgus okyk laKk'kwU; µ psruk jfgr foyhu µ vks>y] fey tkuk o'khHkwr µ v/hu] ijk/hu djry µ gFksyh r#ry µ isM+ osQ uhps fufoZ?u µ ck/kjfgr xkSjokfUor µ lEeku ;qDr xarO; µ eaf”ky] y{; fo'ofo[;kr µ lalkj Hkj esa izfl¼ fo'ooan~; µ lalkj Hkj esa vknj ls ns[kk tkus okyk lk\"Vkax µ vkBksa vaxksa ls ;qDr bUgsa ,sls Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaµ  o`n~/ µ o`¼   Jn~/k µ J¼k   mn~ns'; µ mís'; 1- if<+, vkSj cksfy,µ fuea=k.k laKk'kwU; vkè;kfRed nSU;ewfrZ lEesyu oaQBLFk d#.kk 2- lkspdj crkb,µ (d) jkeÑ\".k ijegal us ujsanzukFk osQ iz'uksa dk D;k mÙkj fn;k\\ ([k) Hkkjr ykSVus ij ekr`Hkwfe dk Li'kZ ikrs gh foosdkuan th us D;k fd;k\\ 1- uhps fn, iz'uksa osQ mÙkj ,d d'kkCntUe;kd,cdgqvokkDF;kk\\e sa nhft,µ --------------------------------------- (d) Lokeh foosdkuan th --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ([k) foosdkuan th osQ xq# dkSu Fks\\ --------------------------------------- (x) dU;koqQekjh esa Lokeh th us fdrus fnu rd riL;k dh\\ nf'kZuh ¯gnh ikBekyk&7 (?k) fo'o dk igyk loZ/eZ lEesyu dgk¡ gqvk Fkk\\ 72