Pakistan Surrender ✓ By 16th Dec: India reached Dhaka and PAK surrendered. Document signed by AAK Niazi & JS Arora with 90K POWs (Largest after 2nd WW) ✓ Sheikh Mujib ur Rehman comes to Power on 12th Jan 1972 but was killed in a Takhta Palat in his house along with his Family in 1975 except his 2 girls who were in London that time, & 1 of them is now the president of Bangladesh (Sheikh Hasina) ✓ Yahya khan resigned due to this Loss and given the power to LA Bhutto but again after few years, there was a Takhta Palat by Zia-Ul-Haq and he ordered death sentence to LA Bhutto Shimla Agreement: 2nd July 1972 Signed by ZA Bhutto and Indira Gandhi ✓ Recognition of LOC: Earlier it was seas fire line where both armies stopped in 1947, But this time India extended seas fire line a bit in his Favor ✓ India Gave back the Occupied West Pak area (India in the west captured area till Lahore), Many analytics believed that Shimla agreement was very negative for India because India was in a very powerful position then and could have negotiated anything with Pakistan like full Kashmir ✓ All Pow sent back to Pakistan ✓ They agreed to settle the Kashmir Issue by peaceful Bilateral negotiation because for Kashmir there was already a fight in 1947 and 65. ✓ This agreement also considered important, because, for the 1st time, Both the person from both sides were democratically elected not like earlier cases where Pakistan side was having a Dictator who snatched the Post by Takhta Palat ANAND KUMAR
Kargil War – 1999 Duration & Name May to July 1999 (Approx. 50 Days) India Army: Operation Vijay, India AF: Operation Safed Sagar Background: ✓ Area of J&K was divided in 1947-48 by LOC ✓ Feb 1999: PM Atal Bihari Bajpayee went to Lahore by Bus and signed Lahore declaration with below main points ✓ Will avoid Nuclear war Race (as by 1998 both countries were Nuclear weapon equipped country) ✓ Will solve all dispute (Kashmir) Peacefully and Bilateral ✓ Confidence Building Measure: Will inform each other about any Military development like Missile, Nuclear weapon development, etc., So that confidence can be built Events leading to WAR This place Kargil is at great Hight, so till 1999, the practice was Both India & Pak Army usually went down in winters and came back to May June to their post But in Feb 1999: Some Shepheard notices that Pak not even went don but also captured Indian post, which after verification proved correct Although PAK: Denied the use of Army, they keep on telling that they may be Mujahidin and Kashmir freedom fighter, but later they admitted this in their few interviews Why PAK attacked Kargil India’s Crucial NH1D from Srinagar to Leh, Goes by Kargil LOC, so if PAK can capture Kargil, they can target the NH very easily and break our communication with Ladakh and Siachen, & it may force India to negotiate on Kashmir Issue About War ✓ Until 4th July - India recaptured all his strategic post (Like Tiger Hill, Tololing Hill, etc.) within 40 Days of War, using the help of Indian Air Force ✓ The fierce part of this war was – That our soldiers had to Fight at night because in days, Pak Army was on top & they could see us easily, but at night the temperature was even -10 to -15 Deg C
✓ But when this war was on PAK PM Nawaz Sharif asked US President Bill Clinton for help, Then they refused to help and asked Pak PM to bring his troops down, Although earlier PAK was refusing to accept that they are his soldiers on the pressure of USA, they ordered their troop to come down and with few days all troops came back ✓ On 26th July: India cleared all Pak occupancies and win back all his posts and i.e. why this is called as Kargil Diwas ✓ 4 Soldiers got Param Veer Chakra: Manoj K Pandey, Vikram Batra (Slogan Ye Dil Mange More), Yogendra Singh Yadav, Sanjay Kumar ✓ Bofors Gun helped a lot in exact target destruction ✓ Israel helped India with Ordinance and armaments, even India Vote against Israel for Palestine issue ✓ US refuses to supply GPS – Which is why India developed its own regional national navigation system till 2016 (IRN) After Math ✓ AB Bajpai won 303 seats in Oct 1999 in Lok Sabha Election ✓ Parvez Musharraf staged a Coup D’état against PM Sharif on 12 Oct 1999 ✓ Huge Backlash and Blame game in Pakistan over this Blunder, PM said it’s the Plan of Pervez Musharraf, while Parvez Musharraf said m, he was not aware of this war plan, some said we should not go back to the USA, some said we should not come down ✓ Later in an interview, Parvez Musharraf said that we lost approx. 4000 Soldiers in this WAR Why This Conflict was significant ✓ It was very crucial to rest of the world too, because this was the 1st direct WAR b/w 2 Nuclear equipped country, so all were worried ✓ 1st warfare, which was only in a limited area ✓ High Altitude warfare 4500 – 5500 Meter, with Tem of -10 to -15 Deg C ✓ This was the 1st time; all western countries were criticizing Pakistan and US were Favoring India ✓ 1st war which was live to TV to India, although it got mixed reviews because most people say that Live telecast can benefit opponent in their strategy ANAND KUMAR
Current Benefits of Taking back POK Going to the UN to resolve the Kashmir crisis will go down as one of the most historic blunders which have cost us dearly for generations - not just for the loss of land but also from the perspective of defense and trade. Below is the current map of Jammu & Kashmir ✓ Pakistan and China wouldn’t have had a border if the whole J & K was part of India but today China carries out a trade with Pakistan through Pak occupied Kashmir. It started the CPEC project and both countries have teamed up in boxing up India. Part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, also it’s a national security threat as it bringing China’s military power closer to India’s western border ✓ if POK was part of India, then India would share a border with Afghanistan because POK shares it borders with Afghanistan. Trading with Afghanistan would have been easier. India today is building the Chabbar port in Iran to route through to Afghanistan. It is billions of dollars of trade that we are losing every year. ✓ Today we could take back POK using brute force but it lowers India’s standing on the international stage as a warmonger & may cost billions of $ + Lives, the opportunity was lost in 1948 when India had the upper hand and history won’t allow for a course correction. It is said that we will need to continue to live with it. Right now, after 60 odd years, there is nothing left to gain. The POK culture values, ethnicity, way of living is very different from what Kashmir is right now. + Cost of land protection will be high there are higher chances of revolts than now due to complete Muslim population ✓ J&K doesn’t contribute to GDP as much as it should, rather the central government has to spend more to protect the valley, with the added land, that would only increase and take a toll on India’s Budget. ✓ Even India has said serval times to honor the Shimla agreement and make LOC our international boundary to that we live in a peaceful situation. ✓ If somehow India gets back POK it has no importance as it is a mountainous area and doesn't have the agricultural opportunity. Although it has a tourism opportunity for that we have to spend so much money. So, India should not try to get back POK instead it should concentrate on our Kashmir.
In 1971 War: Even with 90K POW why didn't asked for POK Most Indians feel why don’t we negotiate for POK, which motivated India to release 90K Pakistani Soldiers. But the fact is India had divided Pakistan into two parts, Pakistan has Lost 1.47 Lakh SQ Km area + 50% its population. India was under huge pressure to settle down, UN resolution under US pressure was supported by 104 members and only 11 members voted against the motion including Russian Veto. Its Russian veto and aggression that helped us to continue the war. What India achieved after winning the war and later Negotiations Mujibur Rahman (founding figure of Bangladesh) was under the captivity of Pakistan and India negotiated for him to be released so Bangladesh. India was already facing a huge influx of refugees there were some 10 million refugees and countries without leader made things worse. If India had not negotiated for him, he would be hanged under treason in Pakistan. Later in 1972 he was released by Pakistan with other 127 prisoners as a part of the agreement and become the first Prime Minister of Bangladesh. Pakistan at that time was already in shame for the huge loss, all 93K POW were part of Geneva convention to which India is a signatory and what if Pakistan has not negotiated for them against Indian demand for POK, how could long India have given them good care and treatment as you cannot execute them. To keep them alive was a huge burden for any country. Indian people were satisfied that we broke the morale of the Pakistan army, & they don’t want to further aggravate the situation. It could have isolated India in world forums The USA was heavily pro-Pakistan to the point of helping them in Bangladeshi genocide & the USSR was just wanting to spread communism Besides, USSR told Indira Gandhi to not invade west Pakistan as that would have involved the US aid and military support. Still, India did occupy some parts of Baltistan (which were merged with Kargil and are fiercely pro-India now). Seeing this, Indira Gandhi came to know that as long as Kashmir is an international issue in the UN, India will not be able to get it. Therefore, she made Zulfikar Ali Bhutto sign Shimla agreement Shimla Agreement 1972 stated that Kashmir is a bilateral issue with any 3rd party intervention being illegal. It was done so that in case of any subsequent war, India can invade and annex any part of PoK as it would be a bilateral issue. This is why Siachen which was no man’s land was occupied by India in 1984 without any foreign intervention. The agreement also converted the ceasefire Line into LOC the Line of control and it was agreed to neither side seek to change it unilaterally. It was an idea to later convert into an International Border by future negotiations. ANAND KUMAR
Currently Companies is preferring Vietnam Over India When any company select a country, they look for Ease of doing business, availability of land and labor at easy terms, infrastructure, low corruption, Transport network, Easy import-export laws, Support from govt to enhance business The Vietnamese Government is communist like Chinese & provides very good support to investors. You will quickly register your business & start operation without any significant obstacles, also they had stable politics stable laws, uniform culture, Cheap labor force, No hostility to any country, - Free trade agreement with 40 countries like USA, EU, Russia, ASEAN, Japan, Korea, China The first advantage is Vietnam position, it is close to Chinese borders and ports, companies that are shifting required raw material or parts which are available in China so for maintaining their Supply Chain they still require China and as Vietnam is close to China it will reduce the cost of transportation in comparison to India. Good currency policy according to which their currency is more stable than India. So, when companies send back money to their mother country than exchange rate has less effect on it while in India currency is very flexible and the organization prevents working in an uncertain environment. Merit driven society unlike India where religion, caste political backing matters in Vietnam they get the best of the best irrespective of religion, caste or political backing
Blunders that will always haunt India Kashmir Issue in details ✓ At the time of Independence, princely states were given an option of joining either India, Pakistan or remain independent, all state except Kashmir were handled by Sardar Patel While was handled by Nehru personally ✓ The rulers of Kashmir and Hyderabad (due to significant territory) wanted to stay independent, While Maharaja Hari Singh, the ruler of Kashmir dallied over till it was attacked by Pakistan supported Pashtun tribesmen. ✓ The Maharaja at this time sought India's help to repel the invaders and India assured help only in case of signing the Accession document - which he later did. ✓ Pakistan disputes the timing, saying the Maharaja was no longer in control when he signed the instrument and further claims that the majority population being Muslim, the people of the state wanted to accede to Pakistan. ✓ In many cases, Indian troops managed to expel the invaders from almost three-fourths of the territory. But Mr. Nehru approached the UN, assuming that the UN would declare the mercenaries as illegal and further declare Kashmir as Indian territory. ✓ UNSC passed Resolution 47, which mandated Pakistani troops to immediately vacate the territory, and India in turn was to maintain a minimum number of troops necessary to maintain civil order. After such compliance, the UN was to conduct a plebiscite to determine which country the people of Kashmir wanted to accede to. ✓ On Pakistan's refusal to vacate, India also refused to lower its armed presence. Since then, India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir (1947, 1965, and 1999) and lost several lives. No 2: Ignoring Chinese Threats and Neglecting the Military ✓ In 1962: A nation of India's size had lulled itself into believing that its peaceful co-existence would be reciprocated by the world. It was often stated that a peace-loving nation like India did not need military at all. The armed forces were neglected. The political leadership took pride in denigrating the military leadership ✓ Even China's aggressive intentions were clear at that time, Still, India decided to keep its eyes shut, When China struck, the country was caught unprepared. Troops were rushed to snowbound areas with summer clothing and outdated rifles. ✓ India suffered terrible embarrassment. India was on its knees. With the national morale and pride in tatters, India was forced to appeal to all nations for military aid. No 3: The Tashkent Agreement and Return of Haji Pir Pass (Poor Foreign Policy) ✓ Following the cease-fire after the Indo-Pak War of 1965, a Russian-sponsored agreement was signed between India and Pakistan in Tashkent in 1966. ✓ Under the agreement, India agreed to return the strategic Haji Pir pass to Pakistan which it had captured against huge human costs. The pass connects Poonch and Uri sectors & reduces the distance b/w them to 15 (Earlier it was 200 km). India got nothing in return except an undertaking by Pakistan to abjure war ✓ Now, this pass is being effectively used by Pakistan to sponsor the infiltration of terrorists into India. The inability to resist Russian pressure was a manifestation of the spineless Indian foreign policy and shortsighted leadership. No 4: The Shimla Agreement ✓ In 1971 war India captured 96K Pak soldiers, Later on in Shimla agreement. Both countries agreed to exchange all PoWs, respect the line of control (LOC) in Jammu and Kashmir ✓ India released all PoWs in good faith. Pakistan released only 617 while 54 PoWs who are still in Pakistani jails. The Indian Government has admitted this fact several times but has failed to secure their release. ✓ The naivety of the Indian delegation can be seen from the fact that it allowed Pakistan to bluff its way through at Shimla. The Indian leadership was fooled into believing Pakistan's ANAND KUMAR
sincerity. Unquestionably, Pakistan never intended to abide by its promises, both written and verbal. Fruits of a hard-fought victory on the battlefield were frittered away on the negotiating table by the bungling leadership. No. 5: The Nuclear Muddle: ✓ After the Chinese Nuclear Test in 1964, India showed courage & did 1st nuclear test in 1974 at Pokhran. & Outside Permanent members of the UNSC, India was the 1st nation to do that. The whole country was ecstatic and every Indian felt proud of its scientific prowess. ✓ But instead of boosting it India turned apologetic and tried to convince the world that it had no nuclear ambitions & It was \"only for mining, oil and gas prospecting, for finding underground sources of water, for diverting rivers, for scientific and technological knowledge.\" It was a self-deprecating stance. ✓ Sanctions must have been factored in before opting for the nuclear test. It would have forced the world to accept India as a member of the nuclear club, it lost out on all the advantages provided to it by its scientists. It suffered sanctions and yet failed to gain recognition as a nuclear power. The country missed golden opportunities due to the timidity of its leaders. No 6: The Kandahar hijacking (Atal Bihari Bajpai) ✓ The hijacking of an Indian Airlines aircraft to Kandahar by Pakistani terrorists in December 1999. India lost face and got reduced to begging. The hijacking revealed how ill-prepared India was to face up to the challenges of international terrorism. 8 Days ordeal ended when India ordered - the release of all the hostages in exchange of 3 Kashmiri militants including Masood Azhar. Worst was India's Foreign Minister (Jaswant Singh) decided to accompany the released militants to Kandahar as if seeing off honored guests. ✓ The government's poor crisis-management skills allowed the hijackers to take off from Amritsar airport after 39 minutes halt for refueling, it was a comprehensive failure of monumental proportions. India's slack and amateurish functioning made the country earn the tag of a soft nation which it will find very difficult to shed. No 7: Illegal Immigration and Passage of IMDT Act ✓ It is a standard practice in the world that the burden of proving one's status as a citizen of a country is of the accused. Butt due to Political benefit government makes an exception for Assam. India passed the Illegal Migrants - Determination by Tribunals (IMDT) Act in 1984. It shifted the onus of proving the illegal status of a suspected immigrant on to the accuser, which was virtually impossible ✓ Whenever demands were raised against this Act, Congress resisted strongly claiming it to be Anti Minority due to Vote Bank. The government's 'pardon' of all Bangladeshis who had come before 1985 was another poor act ✓ The Act was struck down as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 2005, Court said Bangladeshi nationals into Assam posed a threat to the integrity and security of the northeastern region. ✓ Unfortunately, immense damage had already been done and the local people of Assam had been reduced to minority status in certain districts. Now no party can come to power without their support. Nearly 30 Islamic groups are thriving in the area to further their Islamist and Pan-Bangladesh agenda. 3. Indian Economic policy
✓ Post-Independence India selected a mixed economic model. Even though it was the best option for India at that point of time, our Government selected industrial development as the prime moving force for development. But there was no infrastructure, power, capital investment, technology, etc. ✓ Whereas the agricultural sector was not taken care of. As a result, agriculture didn’t pick up and industrial development was very less. ✓ But china in 1949 declared agriculture as its prime moving force and developed its agriculture and meantime prepared itself for industrialization. Then it opened itself. The emergence of industrial China was so vibrant and it is developing so fast because of the proper planning. Staying a Non-Aligned Movement (NAM Country) during the cold war - These member countries were Afghanistan, Algeria, Myanmar), Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Indonesia, Iraq, Lebanon, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen ✓ The decision to remain “non-aligned” for more than 40 years seems to have been exceptionally shortsighted. ✓ By not choosing to ally itself with the West or East - India attempted to go it alone and that caused its people to suffer rather terribly. From its stagnant economy to its rampant corruption to its booming population, the decision to remain non-aligned seems to have done little for India except to retard its growth and make it of lesser importance on the world’s stage. Morarji Desai bragging to Pakistan that \"He knows about Pakistan's nuclear weapons development program\", which led to Pakistan' eliminating all RAW spies in Pakistan and eventual failure of India to prevent Pakistan from developing nuclear weapons. Other Major Incidents which caused a setback to India ✓ Currency devaluation by Indira Gandhi without knowing the impacts of it. ✓ Emergency led to the rise of the Maoist and Naxalite movements in India. ✓ Arming and Training LTTE in India which led to terrorist activities in Sri Lanka and eventual enmity with SL ✓ Nehru's decision to refuse the UNSC seat which then went to China. Since then we have been begging for it. ✓ Rajiv Gandhi's decision to overturn Shah Bano verdict. A massive setback for Uniform Civil Codes. ✓ Mandal Commission: Mandal Commission was the Commission which recommended the reservation policy for the Backward Classes in Central Government jobs for the first time in the history of free India, was set up in 1979 under the chairmanship of B. N. Mandal (Former CM of Bihar) ✓ Formation of states based on language. ANAND KUMAR
Education System in other countries Best Education Systems in the World: In 2020, This rating is based on developmental levels including early childhood enrollment, test scores in math, reading, and science in primary and secondary levels, completion rates, high school, and college graduation & adult literacy rates. 1) Finland: Finland has one of the most advanced education systems in the world, which outperforms the United States in reading, science, and mathematics. Early education is designed around learning through play, school meals are free, and universities are tuition- free for students coming from the EU, the European Economic Area (EEA) countries, and Switzerland. A majority of teachers also have a master's degree. 2) Denmark: Denmark has been improving its education system since the middle ages. While education used to revolve around learning Latin, Greek, and philosophy (even today, literacy rates are high at approximately 99%), The government invests heavily in education, approximately 8% of its budget, and education is free for students until they turn 15 or 16 years old. 3) South Korea: Education in South Korea is highly-valued, Secondary school completion rates are 100%. The public system is divided into six years of primary school, three years of secondary school, and then three years of either academic or vocational school. In secondary, students have an “exam-free semester\" which allows students time each day to take a course of their choice that isn't included in their regular curriculum. Students in SK take education seriously: many also are involved in supplemental tutoring and after-school programs called \"hagwons\" Other countries are 4) Japan 5) Russia 6) Norway 7) UK, 8) Israel 9) Sweden 10) Hongkong 11) Netherland 12) Belgium 13) Germany 14) China 15) Singapore 16) Portugal 17) Hungary 18) France 19) the USA Finland Education System ✓ It’s based on common values: democracy, equality, inclusivity, and respect for many talents and abilities. ✓ No private schools (except Few). ✓ In most areas, all children from the same area go to the same school. ✓ Homeschooling is rare and the trust in public schools is high. ✓ Children are not divided into gifted and less gifted. ✓ Education aims to get every Kid all the basic skills for further education. There are several routes for free university studies. ✓ All teachers from kindergarten to high school teachers are taught at universities and they have a master’s degree. They are paid enough to live and belong to the middle class. The teacher's salary is not higher in private schools. ✓ A Finnish school day includes always a free lunch, Recesses between lessons, used for play and games ✓ lessons which may include activities, computer-aided exercises, work in groups, or teacher teaching some basic content of the curriculum. ✓ Finnish children learn arts, crafts, and human sciences quite a lot. ✓ The amount of homework, tests, and competition are significantly lower in Finnish schools. ✓ There is practically no cheating in PISA tests as nobody gets rewarded or anything for their schools because of school test success. ✓ Kids are relaxed on tests, and Finnish girls and boys have very similar results in math and science comprehension. ✓ There are also no difference or very mild differences between schools (Rural or Urban) ✓ The school is free and you can’t leave a kid out of school activity because of poverty.
✓ The diversity of students is smaller in Finland than in the US but immigrants get help to settle in: they are taught the language and after some years of orientating classes they get into regular classes. ✓ The lack of standardized testing makes schools and teachers freer in deciding how they will teach each group. Learning is for the future, not for tests. ✓ Children are encouraged to work together and learn ways to set their own goals. ✓ There are many project-based learning tasks and less sitting and listening to the teacher. ✓ When the children learn into being active parts of the learning process, they will hopefully maintain their enthusiasm for learning ANAND KUMAR
Developed Country A developed country had advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are ✓ Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita ✓ level of industrialization, ✓ Human Development Index (HDI) - HDI comprises of Economic measure, national income, indices for life expectancy and education Developed countries have generally more advanced post- industrial economies, meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector. You don’t have to look at that many things (water, crime rates, infrastructures…) to determine whether a country developed or not really. All you need to look at are 5 figures: So here we go, as of 2016’s standards: (1) GDP per capita nominal: $14,890↑ (2) GDP per capita PPP: $25,710↑, PPP=Purchasing power parity (3) HDI: 0.827↑ HDI takes into account how income is turned \"into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development. While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and a prosperous economy, the UN points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity. Many countries listed by IMF as \"advanced\", possess an HDI over 0.800, (4) Agriculture sector contributes to no more than 5% of the total GDP (5) The services sector contributes to at least 60% of the total GDP Also, the below points were considered while evaluation developed country performance #) Quality of living #) Cost of living #) Democracy #) Peace/Prosperity #) Corruption #) Economic Freedom #) Politic/Social Freedom #) Doing Business #) Environmental Performance
#) Happiness #) PISA #) Internet speed #) Growth promise #) English skills #) Cities in motion #) Press freedom #) Health care system #) Rule of law #) Labour rights So as of now, there are 31 developed countries as below While Mexico is not considered to be developed countries based on their HDI Rankings: some organizations consider the country to be developed. Mexico has a .767 HDI ranking. While the country is plagued by poverty, lack of quality health care, and limited access to clean water, it is considered to be one of the most advanced developing countries in the world. A member of the EU, OECD, and G-20, Turkey has an HDI of .807 according to the UN, making it a developed country, while some organizations such as Dow Jones and FTSE classify Turkey as developing. This is likely because Turkey has a slightly high infant mortality rate for developed countries of 12 per 1,000 and the country’s life expectancy is 75. The World Bank classifies Turkey as an upper-middle income country as per capita GDP. Russia is not currently classified as a developed country although the UN gave it an HDI of .824 in 2018. While Russia was once a world superpower, its economy collapsed after the fall of the Soviet Union and poverty became widespread and living standards are low. Russia’s HDI ranking is 0.79, just below the threshold. With an HDI ranking of.915, Japan is a developed country. Japan has an average life expectancy of 83.9 years, one of the highest in the world, and the third-largest economy in the world by nominal GDP and the fourth-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). Top 10 developed country 1. Norway: Norway has an HDI of 0.954 & a life expectancy of 82.3 years. Norway is also one of the wealthiest nations in the world, with an average gross salary of $5,166 per month per person. Additionally, the per capita GDP is expected to hit US$93,000 by the end of 2020. Norway’s economy is boosted by its petroleum and natural gas exports, is the third-largest exporter of natural gas in the world. Additionally, the majority of Norway’s workers are employed in the services sector instead of agriculture or manufacturing. The economy is controlled by the government through regulation and enterprises are state-owned and funded. 2. Switzerland: Switzerland with an HDI of .0946 & Life expectancy of 83.6 years. Switzerland has a highly developed service sector & 2nd per capita GDP in the world of US$82,504.32 (December 2018), Switzerland scored highly for infrastructure, institutions, and openness and had the overall strongest growth outlook. 3. Ireland: With an HDI of 0.942 & Life expectancy for women is 83.6 years and for men is 79.7 years. Additionally, the average number of years spent in schooling is 18.8 years, higher than both Norway and Switzerland. Ireland’s economy is outperforming most other European countries with impressive, almost-full employment and rising wages. In recent years, Ireland has seen an 8% decrease in income inequality and has been doing well to improve gender equality. The country’s GDP per capita is also impressive at US$80,264. 4. Germany: Germany’s HDI is 0.939 & is driven by its high quality of life and a strong economy, which is the strongest in Europe and the fourth-largest in the world. In terms of quality of life, German residents have universal health care coverage and Germany is known for exporting high-quality automobiles, pharmaceuticals, electronics, and machinery from companies such as Volkswagen, Siemens AG, and Bayer AG. ANAND KUMAR
5. Hong Kong, China: HDI=0.939, with Life expectancy=84.7, Hong Kong exercises a high degree of autonomy and has executive, legislative, and independent judicial power. While Hong Kong is technically part of China, a developing country, Hong Kong’s economy is a highly developed, Free-market economy. Hong Kong’s economy is known as an international financial hub and business center and is characterized by free trade, less government interference, and low tax rates. Hong Kong’s per capita GDP was US$48,760.89. 6. Australia: Australia’s HDI is 0.938 & life expectancy at birth is 83.3 years and the infant mortality rate is 3 per 1,000 births, one of the lowest infant mortality rates in the world. Australia also boasts high literacy rates and quality healthcare for most of its citizens. The economy is dominated by the service sector, comprising about 63% of its GDP and employing about 79% of its workforce. 7. Iceland: HDI=0.938. Like other Nordic countries, Iceland has a mixed economy that is mainly well developed and capitalist but also supports a welfare state, providing universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens. Iceland stands out among other countries for its commitment to support underdeveloped countries and using its expertise in renewable energy, land restoration, and gender equality for aid programs. Additionally, Iceland also ranked on the Global Peace Index for 2019 as the most peaceful and safest country in the world. Iceland ranks high for its economy, social stability, and equality among its people. 8. Sweden: With an HDI=0.937, Sweden is the eighth-most developed country in the world. The average Swede has a life expectancy of 82.7 years and about 18.8 years of schooling. Sweden is known for its high quality of life, with low unemployment and poverty rates and free access to health care for all of its citizens. Sweden’s economy is diverse and highly competitive that is export-oriented and typically maintains a trade surplus. Its main exports are vehicles and machines, pharmaceuticals, electronics, and minerals. Sweden is also one of the easiest countries to do business with. 9. Singapore: Singapore is the ninth-most developed nation in the world and also one of the most peaceful. Singapore has a life expectancy of 83.5 years and 16.3 years of expected schooling. When it comes to the economy, Singapore’s is high-income and one of the world’s most competitive economies in the world. The city-state has one of the world’s highest GDP growth rate at 7.7% since gaining independence from Malaysia in 1965. Singapore experienced rapid industrialization in the 1960s, launching its development trajectory. Today, service and manufacturing are the two main sectors of Singapore’s strong economy. 10. Netherlands: HDI=0.933. Despite having the 65th-largest population in the world of about 17 million, the Netherlands still has the 17th-highest GDP. The Netherlands is the 8th largest exporter of goods in the world. Quality of life here is very high, with high rankings for education and healthy work-life balance and low rates of unemployment. The Netherlands has a life expectancy of 82.1 years and an expected 18 years of schooling for its citizens.
Why India is lagging in innovation ✓ This is true that after CB Raman (1930), Nobel: Physics, we had never received any Nobel prizes in Science & Technology, while there is >900 Nobel prizes distributed so far since 1905 ✓ India may seem Lagging in Innovation, But definitely, Indians are Talented and smart, Indians contribution to tech-world is Huge and diverse, 1/3 Apple engineers are Indians, So only thing we are lagging or need improvement is our mindset, Political System, Education System Figures to understand our Laggingness is as below ✓ Patent ✓ Innovation ✓ Nobel Prize Premier research institutes like IISc, TIFR, NCBS, CMI, RRI, ISI have been doing great in research but all these 12 Population: Due to our huge population, there is always the scarcity of all major things and, So any lower Class, Lower Middle class, Middle class the 1st thing is survival, second is family, last is the research and development. Here it is what I think about research as a middle-class student Mentality: ✓ Indian parents want their children to become Engineers, Doctors, CA, Govt Job, or to get a government Job & do not think beyond that. A research institute or research job seems to be too boring and dull. The same goes for students. They immediately want a high-paying job. ✓ Go to IIT ask them what you wanna do after graduation 9 out of 10 will tell I wanna do the job who give me 1 crore package. So you expect research from them. From std 1 we are taught that getting a job is more important than anything else India’s invest in Research ✓ Our investment in research is very, very low. We need to be investing more on new labs, we only invest approx 0.8% of our GDP in R&D, while another Developed nation % is >2.0 ✓ Bharat Ratna Rao has said recently govt spends very less on scientific research and corruption reduces it further. Scientists get only 10% of what they should, That's Labs in poor conditions Education System: Indian Education system was designed by Macaulay to ensures that Indians should not think beyond the level of a clerk, There was no scope of innovative thinking, So that system still follows We are educating our kids to get a Job & that’s it, So we only encourage our kids for good grades to get a good job, So we need to nourish our generation to be interested in research, innovation, However, currently, that is not on India’s priority list. Other issues take away the attention of the government, media, and society. Also, we have many Premier research institutes like IISc, TIFR, NCBS, CMI, RRI, ISI have been doing great in research ANAND KUMAR
Government Approach: We all know that R&D is not all the time can be calculated in terms of ROI, you may end up spending a lot of money and still get nothing substantial in the end (No Return on investment if things go wrong). With other issues creeping up, India wouldn’t want to spend carelessly on R&D & still need to depend on research from countries that - Due to these reasons, such countries also attract talent from countries like India. No Freedom for approx 800 years: Before the invasion of Mughals and British There were universities like Nalanda,Takshasila which taught thousands of students from India and abroad when the so-called westerners lived like nomads. The subsequent Indian rulers never tried to change the educational system of studying and writing exams instead of increasing analytical capability.
Why Bihar is a Looser state 1990 – 2005 : Caste and Criminalisation RJD leader Lalu Yadav's support of social justice ensured that politics was dominated by Mandal politics and caste rather than development. Also, the criminalization of politics created a business-unfriendly climate that resulted in economic collapse. The biggest crisis business faced was with organized kidnapping, which was linked to the ruling RJD. The resulted in a flight of capital, middle-class professionals, and business leaders to other parts of India. The flight of business and capital increased unemployment and this led to the mass migration of Bihari farmers and unemployed youth to more developed states of India. Non-RJD Factors: Bihar's share of the revenue from the Central pool declined by Rs. 5,000 crores as the Centre's revenue collection had gone down. This, coupled with the fact that the government failed to get its plan allocation released because it could not contribute the matching non-plan grant, aggravated the financial crisis.[25] The division of Bihar in 2000, when the industrially advanced and mineral-rich southern-half of the state was carved out to form the separate state of Jharkhand, had a strong impact on development in the north mainly through a loss of revenue. Divided Bihar produces 60% of the output of the undivided Bihar. Economic Indicators under the RJD In 1980: Growth rate in the non-agricultural sector of Bihar was 6.62% against 6.61% for India as a whole But during the 1990s it dropped down to 3.19% (Per capita income growth=0.12%), while for Rest India as a whole was 7.25% (Per Capita Income growth=4.08%). The same trend was evident in the agriculture sector also, The Economic indicator shows that there was a serious recession in 1990- 95, which resulted in an employment-development-crime crisis between 1995 and 2004. Freight equalization policy hit at Bihar’s competitive advantage this Policy, Destroyed Bihar’s industrial ambitions. In this policy, the Government of India in 1952 decided that all essential commodities were available at the same price across the country regardless of transportation (freight) costs. The goal was to allow all states to grow irrespective of natural resources, But due to this Manufacturer's setup industries in coastal states to ship products easily and at less cost. So Industry was set up in Bihar even in 1952 President Pranab recently said that they don’t understand why the Union of India decided to benefit coastal states at the expense of land-locked “BiMaRU” states (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and UP — which have traditionally lagged and means diseased). Why Bihar Produce more now of IAS: Bihar never had private firms except few sugar mills/ PSU’s which were transferred to Jharkhand. As a result youth in Bihar is left with no option but to settle for govt job & IAS is the best option that offers both position and power, The attraction of UPSC is the power associated with the job. People who fail to get into UPSC land up to other exams. Also, It important to understand the mindset of the people. Ex: Gujrati/Punjabi - Instead of a 9-5 job prefer their own business. Keralites love to go abroad whatever the job. & For Bihar - Its IAS, IPS, or public sector jobs. The students in Bihar simply have no other choice and realize that education alone is the passport for good times in the future, so they put all they have into serious studies. It is the reason why Biharis end up competing on a Pan-India level. Also In the early 80s government jobs were perceived as the only way to make money – legitimately as well as illegitimately through corruption. Biharis born and brought up in an atmosphere of lawlessness, corruption, bad roads, and no electricity, started believing that only a government job could solve all their problems. ANAND KUMAR
Does Bihar producing most no of IAS : Out of 4443 IAS officers in india, UP is # 1 and has about 15% = 671 IAS, Bihar = 419 , Tamil Nadu =290 officers, Andhra Pradesh = 269, Delhi=233, Rajasthan=233, Punjab=228 Maharashtra=222, Haryana=158 & Madhya Pradesh=152 \" While Uttar Pradesh has always been on top, the swell in numbers from Bihar is mainly because of the absence of other career options in the state. In the underdeveloped Bihar, government service has always enjoyed a premium,\" a senior IAS officer from Bihar said.
Why Bihar lagged the most Bihar has the youngest hardworking population, so it has the growth potential. It. Also being the most backward state requires maximum growth to compete with other states Bihar's per capita income is 3650/- Rs which is almost 45℅ of the national per capita income of 11650/-. Reasons why Bihar backwardness are as follows Overpopulation: Due to River Ganga with Other rivers, Bihar has very fertile soil (Good for agriculture) & that’s why a lot of people settled here initially, eventually causing an explosion in population and making Bihar the third most populated state, though it is the 13th largest state in terms of area. Geographical location & Natural Calamity: Bihar is landlocked (surrounded by land on all sides) & has no ports, like Goa, Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat, etc. which helps in foreign trade, Employment, fishing, etc. ✓ Half of is either suffering from floods or drought. Lack of resources, infrastructure make it worst. In India we never focus on the cause of disaster but compensation No major Industry- Trucks come full loaded in Bihar but go empty. High imports, low export. After Jharkhand becoming a separate state, the condition of Bihar has deteriorated. The economy of Bihar is largely service-oriented and depends too much on agriculture. Freight equalization policy - This policy has hit Bihar's growth. This policy was adopted by the government of India to facilitate the equal growth of industry all over the country. This meant a factory could be set up anywhere in India and the transportation of minerals would be subsidized by the central government. In undivided Bihar, minerals used to go by trucks to other states. No companies set up during this period and Bihar items went out at low prices. If companies would have set up in Bihar, general employment, the development would have changed the face of Bihar. People Mentality - Bihar people had the mentality of government jobs, civil services, commission money, and had other social issues like corruption and dowry system. Thinking beyond this was missing. 3) For the remedy of cancer, you first realize that you have cancer. If you still don't think then no one can cure you. Most of them aggressively defend themselves by giving an illogical example. Caste-based politics - Politics was not based on growth and development. Now and then there was a change in government that destabilized the political scenario. There have been 40 chief ministers to date in Bihar. Till 10 years back, safety was also a big concern and people would like to move out of their home state. 6) Education system- In Bihar its very poor with lots of evidence, & who so ever cracked IIT/IAS is because of their hard work, not state backup. They hardly realize that they have the most illiterate. 10% examinees had passed in 1996 after the Patna high court had instructed the board to conduct the examination strictly. Central govt. negligence was also remaining the key factor apart of other factors to get Bihar in the list of “Bimaru state” despite rich in such alluvial agricultural lands (Though Koshi curse which is most flood-prone affects the major population is not easy to handle/plan as this is a natural factor. ANAND KUMAR
China’s 17 territorial disputes with its neighbors China has disputes with Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Singapore, Brunei, Nepal, Bhutan, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar and Tibet. Recently on Aug -20 - US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced the country’s formal rejection of “most” of China’s maritime claims in the South China Sea Monday. This comes after China increased military presence in the region following the coronavirus pandemic began. While the US does not claim rights over any territory in the region, it supports the claims of various Southeast Asian countries and has historically supported it by conducting Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOPs) in the South China Sea. The Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands (or Xisha Islands) are the two primary contentions in the sea. The first is a dispute between China, Taiwan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Brunei while the second is between China, Taiwan and Vietnam. Russia is one of the few to have resolved its territorial disputes with China but ended up yielding Argun, Amur, and Ussuri rivers, Zhenbao Island (or Damansky Island), Bear Island (also known as Bolshoi Ussurisky or Heixiazi Dao) and countless other lands. This happened through three border agreements signed in 1991, 1994 and 2005 by Beijing and Moscow. Maritime disputes 1) Taiwan: While China lays claim to the entire region of Taiwan, it has specific disputes with the country over the Macclesfield Bank, Paracel Islands, Scarborough Shoal, parts of the South China Sea and the Spratly Islands. In June, Chinese fighter planes reportedly entered Taiwan’s air space thrice. Earlier, in March, a Taiwanese patrol vessel was rammed into by Chinese fishing boats near Kinmen islands. 2) The Philippines: Another major maritime is between the Philippines and China. The two countries are sparring over the Scarborough Reef and the Spratly Islands. While China has offered to negotiate, Philippines has said these territories are non-negotiable and have always been part of their country. The US backed The Philippines on the issue Monday. 3) Indonesia: Indonesia and China are also fighting over the Natuna Islands and other parts of the South China Sea. In January, Jakarta accused Beijing of illegally fishing in waters around the Natuna Islands and using intimidating island-patrol tactics. 4) Vietnam: China claims that large parts of Vietnam, especially the Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands and parts of the South China Sea, belongs to it. In April, the Chinese Army sank a Vietnamese fishing vessel near Vanguard Bank prompting it to lodge an official protest. 5) Malaysia: Malaysia and China are fighting primarily over the Spratly Islands. In April, Chinese “maritime militia” vessels started shadowing West Capella, a Malaysian drill ship conducting exploration activities off the country’s coast. When China dismissed Malaysia’s objections, US and Australian warships entered the disputed waters. The Chinese vessels eventually left the sea. 6) Japan: Meanwhile, the country is sparring with Japan over the Senkaku Islands (or Diaoyu Islands) and Ryukyu Islands. When Japan started integrating the Senkaku Islands, China warned against it in June and increased its naval presence in the area.
7) South Korea: South Korea and China are in a conflict over the Socotra Rock (Ieodo or Suyan Rock) in the East China Sea. South Korea claims within its Exclusive Economic Zone and has previously been troubled by Chinese presence in the region. 8) North Korea: The Sea of Japan is the main border conflict between China and North Korea. Both countries share a 1,400-km-long border and relations between them strained after China enhanced diplomatic relations with South Korea. 9) Singapore: Even though they entered a maritime collaboration in June 2019, Singapore and China have disputes over some parts of the South China Sea. On 4 July, Singapore’s PM wrote an article saying US’ presence “remains vital to the Asia-Pacific region” amid rising Chinese military presence. 10) Brunei: Brunei and China’s dispute is over southern parts of the sea and some of the Spratly Islands. Land disputes China has also been involved with several land disputes with its neighboring countries and recent times have witnessed an escalation of attack by China. 1) India: India and China clashed violently at the Galwan Valley in Eastern Ladakh on 15 June, which is part of the disputed Aksai Chin region. The clash left 20 Indian soldiers dead and several injured. The PLA also reportedly suffered casualties. China has also staked claim on parts of Arunachal Pradesh. 2) Nepal: China has a long-standing dispute over parts of Nepal that it claims are Tibet. In June, China annexed Rui village in Nepal, claiming it as part of Tibet. 3) Bhutan: It also claims to own a large chunk of eastern Bhutan including areas like Cherkip Gompa, Dho, Dungmar and Gesur. On 5 July, China stated border dispute with Bhutan, for the first time since 1986. 4) Laos: The communist country also alleges that it owns large parts of Laos on historical precedent dating back to the Yuan Dynasty. 5) Mongolia: Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region within Mongolia, has also been involved in a territorial dispute with China but the last border flare-up between the two regions was in 2015. 6) Myanmar: China and Myanmar share a 2,185-km-long border based on a 1960 agreement. However, two weeks ago, Myanmar accused China of creating trouble on the border and instigating terror groups. 7) Tibet: Perhaps China’s most decisive land dispute is the one with Tibet. In 1950, China enforced a long-held claim on the Himalayan country and incorporated it with its own territory. Tibet’s spiritual leader the Dalai Lama and his followers were forced to flee to India, where they have set up a government in exile. ANAND KUMAR
Was BJP done a Good Governance in 6 years till 2020 There is nothing good or bad in life. It's only events or incidents which keep happening. It's only we who attach a value to it good or bad. And this depends on which side we are standing and how much we comprehend and appreciate. Take example of surgical strike, Demonetization and GST. For many it's good for some it's bad. Good. ✓ Creation of international pedestal ✓ Reduction of corruption at political leaders’ level ✓ GST ✓ FAKE currency reduction ✓ Surgical strike ✓ Head on with China, Stop them at doklam and in Ladakh ✓ there is much more transparency in system than in previous governments. ✓ Foreign relations with other countries ✓ The Swachh Bharat Mission ✓ Smart Cities, Make in India, ✓ Triple Talaaq ✓ Abrogate 370 ✓ Beti Parhao Beti Bachao: Also received appreciation throughout the world for their initiative ✓ JanDhan Yojana: Due to Jan Chan Yojana even the poorest of poor is now having a bank account. Such account will help in faster distribution of subsidies to them. It will save lot of money. ✓ Smart Cities, make in India, Mudra, tart up India, Ujjwala, Highways development, Port development, Oil and Gas pipelines, Skill Development, Rail way infrastructure development, Clean Ganga, River revival scheme ✓ 14800 NGO loose registration ✓ PM Modi has won more international award than any other Indian by Russia, Dubai, UAE, Korea, Palestine, Saudi Arab, UN, Philip’s Kotler International award ✓ India Jumps from 142 to 63 in ease of doing business in last 6 years ✓ Cut Corporate Tax Sharply – 30 % to 22% & Tax exemption till 5 Lakh ✓ India Jumps 18 Spots in last years in tourism Index Bad. Employment issue not addressed ✓ No step towards rape case reduction ✓ No reduction in living cost ✓ No reformation in education system – Which is addressed in Aug-20 with revised ✓ education policy Excessive state level cheap campaign ✓ Most things are carrying forward congress policies, Aadhar, GST, FDI bullet train ✓ Not doing enough on freedom of press and muzzling everyone who speaks ill of the ✓ government. In a democracy, all voices should be heard.
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