interval magazine grand final_to print

Caliph Life School STUDENT’S MAGAZINE 2021-2022

Ip¯nhc¨v hnIrXam¡nb NpacpIfnse XpfbneqsS t\\m¡m\\mWv \\ap¡nãw



4

\\n§fn \\n¶v aqeyt_m[t¯msS-bpw, Pm{KXtbmsSbpw \\·bpsS {]NmcIcmb hnZym k¼¶À DbÀ¶p hcs«! ( hn. JpÀB³ 03/104) 5

kaÀ¸Ww P‑oh‑nX¯‑n‑sâ \\à `‑mKh‑p‑w ‑sNehg‑n¨ k‑vI‑qÄ,‑ tI‑m‑tfP‑v P‑oh‑nX¯‑n \\‑n¶‑v, C³Ì{K‑m‑w doÂ-kn\\pw BÀ‑s‑s¡-h‑n-e‑pÅ Ì‑mäk‑n\\p-a-¸pdw, P‑oh‑nX¯‑n‑te¡‑v H¶‑p‑w ]IÀ¯‑m‑t\\‑m ]T‑n¡‑m‑t\\‑m I-gn-bmsX t]‑mb Hc‑p ]ä‑w _‑mey- I‑ua‑mc b‑uÆ\\§Ä¡‑v.





cm‑ hn‑ s‑ e Fgp‑ t‑ ¶äv‑ I‑pf‑nt‑ ¨‑m Ip‑ fn‑ ¡m‑ ‑sXt‑ b‑m a‑mä‑n‑sb‑mcp‑ §n‑ k-‑vI‑qfn‑ t‑ e¡p‑ w‑ t‑ Im‑ t‑ fPn‑ ‑te¡‑pw‑ Hm‑ Sn‑ ¡‑nX‑s¨¯‑n ‑t]cn‑ \\v‑ Aä³U³kp‑ ‑w h‑m§‑n bm‑ {´‑nIa‑mb‑n Im‑ ¼k‑n‑sâ H‑mc§fn‑  Id§n‑ ¯n‑ c‑nª‑v Bkz‑ m‑ Z\\¯n‑ ‑sâ ]p‑ X‑phg‑nIÄ a‑m{X‑w t‑ XSn‑ Ae‑ªv H‑Sp‑ hn‑  Hcp‑ CâÀ‑sh t‑ hW‑sa¶‑mb‑ncn‑ ¡‑p¶‑p ]eÀ¡p‑ w‑ . ‑s‑s]Yt‑ Km‑ dkn‑ \\‑p‑w kÄ^‑yq‑ cn‑ Iv‑ Bk‑nUn‑ \\p‑ ‑w ‑sU_‑nä‑n\\‑pw‑ ‑s{IUn‑ äp‑ \\p‑ a‑nSbn‑ e‑pw‑ I‑pS‑p§n‑ b Nn‑ ecp‑ ap‑ >‑v . ]‑pkv‑XI¨«¡‑pÅ‑n \\‑n¶v‑ P‑oh‑nX¯‑n‑te¡v‑ Bhiy‑ am‑ bs‑ Xm‑ ¶‑p‑w ]Tn‑ ¸‑n¡‑m³ a‑pXn‑ cm‑ ¯ ]m‑ Ty‑ ]²X‑nbp‑ ‑w ]c‑nkchp‑ ‑w Iq‑ Sn‑ b‑mb‑t¸‑mÄ XfÀ¨ X‑pS§n‑ b‑ncn‑ ¡p‑ ¶‑p. H¶v‑ hn‑ {ia‑n¡Ww‑ . ]ä‑ps‑ a¦‑n‑sem‑ ¶v‑ am‑ dn‑ N‑n´‑n¡W‑w. CSt‑ hfIfn‑ em‑ W‑tÃ‑m \\m‑ ‑w \\ap‑ ¡‑v ‑th>n‑ F‑s´¦n‑ ep‑ s‑ a‑ms‑ ¡ N‑n´‑n¡‑md‑pÅ‑ X‑v. {SW‑ow‑ ... CâÀ‑sh þFUnäÀ

10

11

\\ãs¸« IqSv, \\nb{´W§fnÃm¯ ]mhw XeapdbpsS HmÀas¸Sp¯epIÄ. Nnet¸mÄ AXv ]Xncmbn amdntb¡mw. Imän AXv ]d¶pbcpw Xobn AXv \\odn¯ocpw Dan Hcp ASbmfs¸Sp¯emWv Ibdqcnhn« ]mhw InSm§fpsS Ime¯nsâ t\\À¡pÅ ]Sws]mgn¡Â! 12

13

14

Cu ASn sIm­>Xv \\½psS Xs¶ IcW¯mtWm ? A£c‑mÀ°¯‑n a\\‑pj‑y³ \\‑nÊl‑mb\\‑mb, X‑sâ \\‑nd‑w, P‑mX‑n, \\‑of‑w, XS‑n, a‑pS‑n, aä‑p ic‑oc ‑s‑shh‑n[‑y§Ä F¶‑nh‑sb Xa‑mi‑sb¶ H‑ma\\‑t¸c‑n«‑v If‑nb‑m¡‑n BßcX‑nbSb‑p¶hc‑p‑sS a‑pJ¯‑v!! #Not_All_Jokes_are_Funny 15

knw]nÄ krãn kmÀ, amKkn\\ntes¡mcp ]pXnb krãn th-Ww. Hcp ]pXnb km[\\w. \\yq sP³ Xs¶ Bbnt¡ms« \\msf {]Ên t]mhm\\pÅXmWv. kabsaSp¡ptam kmÀ? F´n\\p ! Zm ]nSnt¨m... amdv, aqSv, ape, HmÀKmkw, \\me©v sXdn-IÄ... CsXm¶v A¸pd¯pw C¸pd¯pambn hmcn hnXtdïtXbpÅq. knw]nÄ! ]ns¶ thsdbpapïv. {^jv sFäwkv ]ns¶ apIfn ]dª GsX¦nepw H¶v ]¨¡v X-s¶ CtaPv Bbn IqsS ht¶ms« t«m ! ]mÀ«n kt½f\\¯n IhmS¯nsâ ap¶n sh¨Xnt\\¡mÄ H¶v tPmÀ Bhmw... 16

N‑phc‑ns‑ e I‑p¯‑nhcIfp‑ w‑ a\\Ê‑ns‑ â ‑ ss‑ hI‑rX§f‑pw‑ ku‑ l‑rZw‑ h‑oW‑pSª ¢‑mkv‑ a‑pdn‑ Ifp‑ ‑w BZÀi‑w \\ã‑s¸-«v‑ ‑ss‑ e‑wKn‑ IXbn‑  A`bw‑ t‑ XS‑p¶ h‑nZy‑ ‑mÀY‑n h‑n¹hIm‑ cn‑ Ifp‑ w‑ H¶n‑ ¨p‑ t‑ Ncp‑ t‑ ¼m‑ t‑ g¡- v‑ Hc‑p Iem‑ eb‑w ]‑qÀ¯‑nbm‑ I‑p¶p‑ ? D·‑mZ elcn‑ bn‑  Du‑ X‑nh‑nS‑p¶- ]p‑ I IW-‑s¡ ]p‑ d¯n‑ d§‑p¶ _‑ncp‑ Z[m‑ cn‑ IÄ-¡‑v ]‑pXn‑ b I‑me‑s- ¯ t‑ \\c‑mwh®w‑ \\‑nÀhN‑n¡‑m³ km‑ [‑n¡p‑ ¶‑pt‑ >m? A‑tX‑m k‑z´w‑ Po‑ hn‑ X¯n‑ ‑s- â AÀ°w‑ ‑tXSn‑ -AhÀ Aebp‑ Ibm‑ t‑ Wm‑ ? 17 17

]ncoUpIÄ Iym¼k- v-a©qcnv PohnXsa¶ 24 ]mT]pkvXIw F³. C. ]n. 43 66 hnZymÀ°n cm{ãobw F¶ an'J'¨ HcnXv Ip«n tSmI-vkv 50 80 s{_bn³ ss{Ubn³ 64 27 k-vIqfpIfn 32 ]Tn¸n¡m¯-Xv

Rm³ C´y Lost 104 amjv 110 22 {KlWw 98 Journey Artificial Intelligence 83 114 Explicit Conveyence 99 Silent Poison 36 F©n\\obdnwKv temIw 75 56 \\ncymWw 48 AcpXv Chairman's forum 128 88 Imen^v tÌmdokv 117 kam[m\\w 05 ]e \\nc¯nepÅ Ip¸nhf 109 Union Report 126

20

¢mÊn \\¶mbn ]Tn¡p¶ Ip«nIfpsS t]cv tNmZn¨m kv-Iqfnepw tImtfPnepsaÃmw Ft¸mgpw s]¬Ip«nIfpsS t]cmbncn¡pw sXfnªp hcnI. ]T\\ Ime¯n\\p tijw ChscÃmw FhntS¡mWv t]mbvadbp¶Xv ? 21

apl½Zv- lm^nkv RC´- m³y 22

hbÊ‑v 74, k‑z‑X {´³. cï‑p ] X‑nä‑mï‑n \\‑n¸‑pd‑w \\‑oï \\‑n{Zb‑n \\‑n¶‑p R‑m\\‑pWÀ¶‑p. I®‑mS‑nb‑n ‑t\\‑m¡‑n, AÛ‑pX‑w-! R‑m³ X‑s¶b‑m‑tW‑m CX‑v? k‑vt\\l‑t¯‑mS‑p‑w Hc‑pa‑tb‑mS‑p‑w Ig‑nª‑nc‑p¶ F‑sâ P\\§Ä ‑s‑sZh\\‑ma‑w Dc‑ph‑n«‑p ]ck‑v]c‑w Gä‑pa‑p«‑p¶‑p. Ch‑n‑sS K‑mÔ‑nb‑nÃ, ‑s\\l‑v-d‑ph‑pa‑nÃ, ‑tK‑mU‑vtkb‑p‑w ‑tK‑mÄh‑m¡d‑p‑w a‑m{X‑w. ]i‑ph‑p‑w ] i‑nb‑p‑w a‑m{X‑w! \\‑nÊl‑mb\\‑mW‑v R‑m³ , Ad‑nh‑pï‑v, Ad‑nh‑pÅhc‑pï‑v, ‑tP‑me‑nb‑nÃ. \\‑oX‑nb‑p‑w A\\‑oX‑nb‑p‑w X½‑n a‑md‑n‑t¸‑mb‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. FX‑n‑sc ] db‑p¶h‑sc‑sb‑m¶‑p‑w I‑mW‑m\\‑nÃ. ‑tN‑mc¡d Iï‑p. sI‑m¶‑p XÅ‑nbXmb‑nc‑n¡‑m‑w. I®‑mS‑nb‑ne‑pÅX‑v R‑m³ X‑s¶b‑m‑ sW¶‑pd¸‑n¡‑m³ kabsaS‑p¯‑p. \\‑oï Dd¡‑w X‑s¶b‑mW‑v \\ÃX‑v. 23

.tNcp-hIÄ ¹¡‑mÀU‑pIÄ / ‑t\\‑m«‑ok‑v ‑t_‑mÀU‑pIÄ - a‑m‑t\\P‑v-saâ‑v - \\‑s«Ã‑nÃ‑m¯X‑v 01 h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑nIÄ - Bhi‑y¯‑n\\‑v .20 k¹‑n- - Hc‑mÄ¡‑v 3 F®‑w h‑oX‑w (h‑nZ‑y AÀY‑n¡‑p¶hÀ I‑n«‑m³ _‑p²‑na‑p«‑m‑sW¦‑n ‑s‑sh_‑v .‑sPk‑n_‑n - 1 (skent{_j³ kvs]jyÂ) AÀY‑n¡‑p¶hÀ Bb‑me‑p‑w aX‑n) ‑te‑md‑n (‑sNI‑p¯‑m³ F¶‑v Fg‑pX‑nbX‑v ) - 2 A[‑y‑m]IÀ / `‑oc‑p¡Ä 25 kac‑w (]‑mI¯‑n\\[‑nI‑w ) .Rx100 ‑s‑s_¡‑v (‑s‑ske³kÀ a‑mä‑nbX‑v) - 10 U‑n ‑sP ]‑mÀ«‑n (]¨ aª N‑ph¸‑v IfÀ .Jc‑m‑th‑m (CS¡‑nS¡‑v ) X½‑n XÃ‑v (I‑q‑sS¡‑q‑sS) . ‑s‑seä‑pI‑tf‑mS‑v I‑qS‑nb ‑thZ‑n‑tb‑mS‑v I‑qS‑nbX‑v ) K‑y‑m§‑pIÄ (C³Ì‑m{K‑m‑w A¡‑u‑tï‑mS‑p IfÀ (Bhi‑y¯‑n\\‑p‑w A\\‑mhi‑y¯‑n\\‑p‑w) I©‑mh‑v (h‑oc‑y‑w I‑qS‑nbX‑v 1 I‑n‑te‑m) .I‑qS‑nbX‑v) 5 C A[‑nI‑w .d‑oÂk‑v- (Bhi‑y¯‑ne[‑nI‑w) .I©‑mh‑v (h‑oc‑y‑w I‑pdªX‑v 2 I‑n‑te‑m ) X¿m-dm-t¡-ï cq]w .s‑se‑wK‑nIX]‑q¡‑p¶b‑nS‑w--3 \\‑s«Ã‑nÃ‑m¯ a‑m‑t\\P‑v-satâ‑mSv (\\½f‑nSa‑mb‑me‑p‑w aX‑n) I‑qSnb A‑t©¡À N«‑nb‑n‑te¡‑v Hc‑p I‑pd¡‑p¶X‑n\\‑pa‑\\‑pkc‑n¨‑v \\‑n§Ä¡‑v thï I‑y‑m¼k‑m¡‑n a‑mä‑mh‑p¶X‑mW‑v. _‑nÂU‑nM‑v CS‑pI, X‑pSÀ¶‑v A[‑y‑m]I‑sc X‑pSÀ¶‑v Cã‑m\\‑pkcW‑w C³Ì{K‑ma‑n‑te‑m k‑v\\‑m¸‑v N‑mä‑n‑te‑m b‑qS‑q_‑n‑te‑m C«‑v ‑sI‑mï‑v c‑mh‑n‑se a‑pX ‑s‑shI‑p‑t¶c‑w h‑sc ‑tkh‑n¡‑m‑w. h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑nI‑sf A‑sæ‑n ‑s‑sh_‑mÀY‑nI‑sf Cf¡‑n‑s¡‑mS‑p¡‑p‑I. h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑nIf‑p‑sS/ s‑sh_‑mÀY‑nIf‑p‑sS `‑mK¯‑p \\‑n¶‑v hà ‑s]‑m«e‑p‑w N‑oäe‑p‑w ‑tIÄ¡‑pIb‑m‑sW¦‑n X‑pSÀ¶‑pÅ H‑m‑tc‑m ‑sFä‑wk‑p‑w ‑tX‑m¶‑nb a‑mX‑nc‑n N«‑nb‑n‑te¡‑n«‑v Cf¡‑nb‑m aX‑n. ‑sFä‑wk‑v I‑q«‑p¶X‑n\\‑p‑w 24

^Ìv s_Â 25

26

apl½Zv- lm^nkv c‑m{ã \\‑nÀa‑nX‑nb‑p‑sS ]W‑n¸‑pc, F{Xb‑mW‑v? Fh‑n‑sS h‑scb‑mW‑v? kÀK‑mßIXb‑p‑sS h‑nf\\‑ne‑w, \\‑m‑sfb‑p‑sS ‑s‑s_¡‑v, {S‑n¸‑v , ‑s‑s^\\‑mÀS‑vk‑v ka‑ql \\‑nÀa‑nX‑nb‑p‑sS Beb§Ä F‑s¶‑m‑s¡ h‑n‑tij‑n¸‑n¡‑s¸S‑p¶ \\½‑p‑sS ‑tU, ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑v ‑tU, U‑n ‑sP, K‑mM‑nk‑w, Ie‑meb§f‑n \\‑n¶‑p‑w GX‑m\\‑p‑w hÀ‑ h‑mb‑vt\\‑m«‑w , C³Ì‑m{K‑m‑w d‑oÂk‑v ]‑pX‑nb j§f‑mb‑n ka‑ql¯‑n\\‑p‑w AX‑p hg‑n I‑me‑s¯ e£W‑sa‑m‑s¯‑mc‑p I‑y‑m¼k‑mb‑n. c‑m{ã ]‑p‑tc‑mKX‑n¡‑p‑w e`‑n¨ k‑w`‑mh\\ ]‑mÀ«‑n‑s¡‑mS‑nIÄ DbÀ¶‑p ‑s]‑m´‑p¶‑nS‑w F´‑mW‑v? H‑m‑tc‑m _Pä‑pIf‑p‑w D¶X I‑qS‑nb‑m‑sW¦‑n k‑z‑X{´ ‑s‑se‑wK‑nIXb‑mW‑v h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk ‑taJe¡‑mb‑n ‑tI‑mS‑nIÄ ]‑pX‑nb ‑s{S³U‑v. ‑t{]ah‑p‑w I‑mah‑p‑w ‑skI‑vk‑v I‑pe‑p¡‑p‑t¼‑mÄ Ahb‑p‑sS‑sbÃ‑m‑w ‑s‑s^\\ h‑n¯‑v I¬‑skâ‑p‑w ‑tl‑m«‑v ‑tS‑m¸‑n¡‑pIf‑mW‑v. H‑u«‑v]‑p«‑v F´‑mW‑v? Hä‑s¸« N‑ne \\à kÀK‑mßIXI‑sb¶‑m k‑zhÀ¤ cX‑nb‑p‑w h‑mÀ¯I‑sf‑mg‑n¨‑m \\½‑p‑sS ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑v k‑z-X-{´ ‑s‑se‑wK‑nIXb‑pa‑m‑sW¶‑mW‑v ]£‑w. I‑y‑m¼k‑pIÄ Hc‑p a‑n\\‑n FâÀ‑s‑sS³‑saâ‑v ‑tN¨‑n‑s¸®‑n\\‑p‑w A\\‑nb³ ‑sN¡\\‑p‑w ]‑mÀ¡‑mb‑n a‑md‑n F¶X‑n‑t\\¡‑mÄ F´‑v ‑s‑se‑wK‑nIX ]‑q¡‑p¶b‑nS‑w X¸‑m\\‑pÅ ‑t]‑mk‑nä‑oh‑v a‑mäa‑mW‑v I‑me{I‑taW k‑w-`-h‑n-¨‑n- CSa‑mW‑v I‑y‑m-¼k‑v. Bh‑nj‑vI‑mc k‑z‑mX‑ «‑pÅX‑v? {´‑y‑w, kÀK‑mßIX, h‑yà‑nX‑z‑w, h‑yà‑n k‑z‑mX{´‑y‑w F¶‑nhb‑p‑sS‑sbÃ‑m‑w AÀ°‑ta ]T‑n¡‑pI F¶X‑v ‑t]‑me‑p‑w cï‑m‑w a‑md‑nb‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. lbÀ‑ ‑sk¡ïd‑n Xe‑ Xc‑a‑m‑sW¶‑p‑w, _‑m¡‑v ‑s_©À / Dg¸³ §f‑n h‑sc C‑u a‑mä§Ä {]ISa‑mW‑v. / k¹‑nIf‑pa‑mb‑n A½‑m\\a‑mS‑p¶h³ I‑m¼k‑pIf‑p‑sS ]À¸k‑v X‑s¶ a‑md‑nb‑n«‑p‑tï‑m F¶ {]‑tb‑mK§‑sf‑m‑s¡ a‑mÊ‑pa‑mh‑p¶ F‑s¶‑mc‑p AS‑nb´‑nc N‑n´b‑mh‑m‑w. Ie‑n I‑me‑w. ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑v I‑me‑w F¶X‑v G‑sX‑mc‑mf‑p‑sSb‑p‑w P‑oh‑nX¯‑n‑se k‑phÀW, ‑skÂ^‑v ^‑n\\‑m³k‑n‑wK‑v k‑zÀ¤ I‑meL«§f‑m‑sW¶‑p‑w AX‑v H‑t¶ Ø‑m]\\§f‑p‑sS AhØb‑mW‑v G‑sd ‑D-Å‑p-‑sh¶‑p‑w, AX‑v ‑sI‑mï‑v X-‑s¶ A-X‑v hf- k¦S-Ic‑w. a‑m‑t\\P‑vsaâ‑pIÄ‑t¡‑m A[‑y‑m] ‑sc B-\\-µ-‑t¯‑m-‑sS I-g‑n-b-W-‑sa¶‑p-‑sa‑m-‑s¡ IÀ‑t¡‑m h‑nce\\¡‑m³ t]mepw ]ä‑m¯ i-c‑n X‑s¶. F¶‑m B ic‑nb‑p‑sS ]c‑n[‑n k‑mlN-c‑y‑w. h‑m§‑mh‑p¶ ^‑ok‑n\\‑v kÀ¡‑mÀ h‑ne§‑v ‑sh¨‑t¸‑mÄ \\S¯‑n‑t¸‑mh‑m\\‑pÅ 27

‑sNeh‑n\\‑v a‑pg‑ph³ k‑oä‑pIf‑n‑te¡‑p‑w Ibd‑p¶‑p, ]c‑o£ Fg‑pX‑p-¶‑p, F¶X‑ne¸‑pd‑w AU‑va‑nj³ ]qÀ¯nbm¡ntb ]äq F¦nepw A¡‑mZa‑nI‑v \\‑neh‑mca‑pÅ NÀ¨If‑p‑w, CS‑s] ]e ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑pIf‑ne‑p‑w k‑oä‑pIÄ Hg‑nª‑v Se‑pIf‑p‑w {I‑nb‑mßI k‑wh‑mZ§f‑p‑saÃ‑m‑w {] I‑nS¸‑mW‑v. FXnÀ i_v-Z§Ä k‑z´‑w lk\\‑w a‑m{Xa‑mW‑n¶‑v. NAAC h‑nk‑nä‑n\\‑pÅ i‑nj‑yKW§Ä X‑s¶ I¯‑n ‑sI‑mï‑p‑w N‑ne ‑s]‑mS‑n‑s‑s¡IÄ, ‑tk‑mj‑y ‑s‑sI¿‑q¡‑v ‑sI‑mï‑p‑w X‑mg‑v¯‑p¶ Ie‑nI‑me‑w. a‑oU‑nbb‑n‑se Ì‑mäk‑n‑te¡‑pÅ N‑ne hÀj§f‑p‑sS kÀh‑ok‑n‑s\\‑mS‑p¡‑w ‑t]‑mÌd‑pIÄ. Chb‑ne¸‑pd‑w I‑y‑m¼k‑pIf‑n ih¯‑n‑sâ a‑pIf‑ne‑pÅ d‑o¯‑v k½‑m\\a‑mb‑n \\‑n¶‑v c‑m{ã¯‑n\\‑p‑w ka‑ql¯‑n\\‑p‑w C\\‑n Gä‑p h‑m§‑p¶ A[‑y‑m]IÀ F´‑n\\‑mW‑v, hc‑p¶ Xea‑pd¡‑p‑w F´‑mW‑v \\½‑p‑sS B‑scb‑mW‑v ]T‑n¸‑n¨X‑v ? F´‑mW‑v ]T‑n¸‑n- I‑y‑m¼k‑pIÄ¡‑v ]IÀ¶‑v ‑sI‑mS‑p¡‑m\\‑pÅX‑v? ¨X‑v? ‑t]c‑n\\‑m‑sW¦‑ne‑p‑w A‑sæ‑ne‑p‑w \\-S¡‑p¶ \\‑neh‑mca‑pÅ ]‑mT‑y ]‑m‑tT‑yXc h‑njb§f‑n ]c‑o£¡‑v ‑tI‑m¸‑nbS‑n¡‑pI h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIf‑p‑sS Bß‑mÀ°a‑mb ]¦‑v F{X‑ F¶X‑v h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIf‑p‑sS AhI‑mia‑mW‑v. t¯‑mfa‑pï‑mb‑nc‑n¡‑p‑w? A\\‑phZ‑n¡‑mX‑nc‑p¶ A[‑y‑m]I‑s\\ ] ª‑n¡‑n«X‑v \\‑m‑w h‑mb‑n¨‑p. {]X‑nIc‑n¨‑mÂ, ]T‑n¡‑pI, ‑s‑shI‑n«‑v h‑o-«‑n ‑t]‑mh‑p‑t¼‑mÄ A[‑y‑m] A¡‑mZa‑nI‑v {] I‑sâ I‑md‑n\\‑p Sbd‑pï‑mh‑nà F¶X‑v Gäh‑p‑w hÀ¯\\§f‑n ‑sNd‑pX‑v. Hc‑mI‑vk‑nUâ‑v {]X‑o£‑n¨‑me‑p‑w GÀ‑s¸S‑pI F¶X‑v ‑sNd‑pX‑mh‑nÃ. {]X‑nIc‑n¡‑m³ ‑t]S‑nb‑mW‑v h‑ne I‑pdª, ]eÀ-¡‑p‑w. {]X‑nIc‑n¨‑m‑te‑m, h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑n a‑mÀIä‑nÃ‑m‑s¯‑mc‑p ‑sFI‑y‑w k‑nµ‑m_‑mZ‑v. ]‑mÀ«‑nb‑p‑w, a‑oU‑nbb‑p‑w, ‑sFäa‑mW‑n¶‑v. ] ka‑qlh‑p‑w ‑t]‑me‑p‑w X‑nc‑nª‑v ‑sI‑m¯‑p‑w. T‑n¸‑n F‑s¶‑mc‑p ‑t] c‑v h‑oW‑m I‑y‑m¼k‑v A[‑y‑m]I³ ]‑mT‑w ]T‑n¸‑n¨‑v P‑oh‑nX¯‑n‑sâ ‑s]‑m‑t¡‑mW‑w. he‑nb Ub‑te‑m‑sK‑m¶‑p‑w H«‑pa‑p¡‑me‑p‑w \\ ‑thï. D]‑tZi‑w \\‑mh‑n‑sâ A‑t§bä¯‑v ãa‑mI‑pa-‑t{X. ‑t]‑me‑p‑w ‑th-ï. ‑sSI‑vÌ‑v _‑p¡‑pIÄ F¶m CXv OÀ±‑n¡‑m³ F´‑n\\‑mW‑v he‑nb ‑t] cmPy¯‑n‑sâb‑p‑w k‑vsIb‑ne‑n A[‑y‑m]I·‑mÀ. Hc‑p ka‑ql¯‑n‑sâb‑p‑w ‑sd‑t¡‑mÀUU‑v ¢‑mÊ‑n‑t\\‑m Hc‑p ‑td‑m‑t_‑m«‑n‑t\\‑m A¡‑uï‑n‑te¡‑v ‑sN¿‑mh‑p¶ Hc‑p ‑sX‑m-g‑nÂ. BÀ«‑n^‑nj‑y Ibd‑p¶X‑ne‑mW‑v Câe‑nP³k‑n‑sâ I‑me¯‑v A[‑y‑m]I Z®‑w. h‑r¯‑nb‑p‑sS {]kà‑n F{X‑t¯‑mf‑sa¶‑v Iïd‑n-bW‑w. b‑q. P‑n. k‑n. / Kh¬‑saâ‑v X‑sâ k‑vsIb‑n i¼f‑w h‑m§‑p¶hc‑pÄ‑s¸‑sS k‑ma‑m\\‑y _‑p²‑nb‑n ‑tX‑m¶‑p¶‑sXÃ‑m‑w 4 aW‑nb‑m‑tb‑m, H¶‑m‑w X‑n¿X‑nb‑m‑tb‑m ‑sN¿‑m\\‑pÅ A[‑nI‑mch‑p‑w k‑z‑mX{´‑yh‑p‑w F¶‑m-‑te‑m-N‑n¨‑v, ‑s‑skU‑v _‑nk‑n\\k‑n‑s\\ X\\‑n¡‑p‑sï¶ [‑mcW h‑yà‑n k‑z‑mX‑ ‑sab‑n³ _‑nk‑n\\k‑m¡‑n A[‑y‑m]-\\‑s¯ {´‑y¯‑n‑sâ ‑t]c‑n k`‑yXb‑p‑sSb‑p‑w ‑s‑skU‑v _‑nk‑n\\k‑mb‑n I‑mW‑p¶ A[‑y‑m] F¯‑nI‑vk‑n‑sâb‑p‑w kÀh k‑oaIf‑p‑w Ic‑n \\‑n¶‑p‑w I‑qS‑pX‑se‑m¶‑p‑w {] e‑wL‑n¡‑p¶‑p. B N‑n´If‑n \\‑n¶‑mW‑v X‑o£‑n¡‑p¶X‑p‑w ic‑nbÃ. Hc‑p Hg‑p¡‑n R‑m‑s\\´‑n\\‑v F‑sâ A²‑y‑m]I‑s\\ a‑p‑t¶‑m«‑v ‑t]‑mh‑p¶ {]Ø‑m\\‑w F¶X‑n _l‑pa‑m\\‑n¡W‑w? i¼f¯‑n\\‑tà Ih‑nª‑v I‑y‑m¼‑k‑pIf‑n \\‑n¶‑v H¶‑p‑w {] Ab‑mÄ ‑sX‑mg‑n‑seS‑p¡‑p¶X‑v? F‑sâ X‑o£‑n¡‑m³ \\‑nÀh‑mla‑nÃ‑m¯‑n\\‑v C§‑s\\b‑p‑w _l‑pa‑m\\¯‑n\\‑b‑mÄ¡‑v AÀlXb‑nà X‑p- N‑ne I‑mcW§f‑pï‑v. Hc‑p Hg‑p¡‑n ¢‑mÊ‑n 28

S§‑nb N‑n´IÄ hc‑p¶X‑v. kZ‑mN‑mc‑w, b‑uh\\‑w Hc‑p c‑mP‑y¯‑n‑sâ _‑m[‑yXb‑mb‑mW‑v [‑mÀa‑nIX F¶‑sXÃ‑m‑w Hc‑p AÇ‑oe ] a‑md‑p¶X‑v. b‑p‑s\\k‑vtI‑m \\‑nÀ‑tZi‑n¡‑p¶ Za‑m¡‑n a‑mä‑m³ ]ec‑p‑w I¨ ‑sI«‑nb‑nd§‑nb P‑oh‑nX h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk‑w ‑t]‑me‑p‑w \\½‑p‑sS I‑me¯‑v, h‑yà‑n k‑z‑mX{´‑y¯‑n\\¸‑pd‑w I‑y‑m¼‑k‑pIÄ¡‑v \\ÂI‑m³ k‑m[‑n¡‑p¶‑nÃ. A]c\\‑p‑w k‑z‑mX{´‑ya‑p‑sï¶‑v ad¶‑v \\‑me‑m‑f‑p‑sS a‑p¶‑n Fg‑p‑t¶ä‑p \\‑n¶‑v ‑t]‑mh‑p¶‑pï‑v ]-e-‑t¸‑mg‑p‑w . ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑pIf‑n‑se k‑wk‑mc‑n¡‑m‑t\\‑m, Bßh‑ni‑z‑mk‑t¯‑m‑sS H‑mhd‑m¡e‑pIÄ ]c‑nkc h‑mk‑nIf‑p‑sSb‑p‑w CS‑s]S‑m‑t\\‑m, k½ÀZh‑p‑w ]‑nc‑na‑pd¡h‑p‑w A²‑y‑m]Ic‑p‑sSb‑p‑w aä‑p h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIf‑p‑sSb‑p‑w ‑s‑sII‑mc‑y‑w ‑sN¿‑m‑t\\‑m, X‑oc‑pa‑m\\‑sa ‑s‑sk‑zc P‑oh‑nX¯‑n\\‑v _‑p²‑na‑p«‑pï‑m¡‑p¶X‑v S‑p¡‑m‑t\\‑m DÅ ‑t_k‑nI‑v k‑vI‑n ]ec‑p‑w C‑u-b‑n‑sS {]X‑nIc‑n¨‑v ‑t]‑me‑p‑a‑nÃ‑m‑sX ]‑n-‑s¶-‑sb-´‑mW‑v X‑pS§‑nb‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑nX‑z‑w k‑vI‑qf‑pIf‑n \\‑n¶‑p‑w ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑pIf‑n \\‑n¶‑p‑w ]T‑n¡‑p¶X‑v? aä‑pÅh‑s\\ D]{Zh‑n¡‑m¯ F´‑p‑w ‑sN¿‑m\\‑pÅ A[‑nI‑mc‑w X\\‑n¡‑p‑sï¶‑v h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nI‑sf ]g‑n N‑mc‑n c£‑s¸S‑m³ hc‑s«. ‑s‑se^‑v F¶‑v ]dª‑m ‑tX‑m-¶‑p-¶-hÀ ‑t¹ B³U‑v F³‑tP‑mb‑v a‑m{Xa‑m‑sW¶‑v ]‑s£ k‑z´‑s¯ ]db‑m‑sX ]dª‑v, Ø‑m]‑n‑s¨S‑p¡‑m³ ‑t{Z‑ml‑n¡‑p¶ X‑n‑s\\ {ia‑n¡‑p¶ ka‑ql¯‑n\\‑p‑w, hf‑w ‑sh¡‑p¶ h‑nk‑vac‑n¡‑p¶‑p. ]‑mÀ«‑nIÄ¡‑p‑w `cW I‑qS¯‑n\\‑p‑w F³‑tP‑mb‑v Z‑n ‑ta‑m‑saâ‑v ‑sNd‑pXÃ‑m¯ ]¦‑pï‑v. ]‑pX‑nb I‑me‑s¯ F¶ ‑t]‑mf‑nk‑n h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk c‑oX‑nb‑n F‑t¶‑m FI‑vk‑v] \\‑m‑sf‑sb¡‑pd‑n¨‑v Hc‑p bd‑n Ig‑nª X‑nbd‑nIÄ¡‑p‑w K‑y‑mk‑n\\‑p‑a¸‑pd‑w A´h‑p‑w \\ÂI‑p¶‑nÃ. P‑oh‑n¡‑m³ Fh‑n‑sSb‑mW‑v ]T‑n¸‑n¡‑p¶X‑v? I‑y‑m¼k‑n‑sâ a‑sä‑mc‑p a\\‑pj‑y‑s\\ a‑m\\‑n¡‑m\\‑p‑w ‑s] X‑nf¡¯‑n‑s\\‑mS‑p¡‑w c‑pa‑md‑m\\‑p‑w Fh‑n‑sSb‑mW‑v ]T‑n¸‑n¡‑p¶X‑v? Cãa‑nÃ‑m¯ h‑o«‑n‑te‑m \\‑m«‑n‑te‑m ‑td‑mU‑n‑te‑m CS‑s]‑tSï ‑sX‑mg‑n‑seS‑p¡‑m³ c‑oX‑n‑sb¡‑pd‑n¨‑v ‑t]‑me‑p‑w BÀ¡‑p‑w \\‑nÀ_Ô‑nXc‑mh‑p¶‑p. [‑mcWb‑nÃ. FX‑nÀ e‑n‑wK‑s¯ a‑m\\‑n‑t¡ï I‑mcW‑w C³Ì‑{K‑m‑w h‑n[‑w Ad‑nb‑m¯ Ah\\‑v Ah‑sf¶‑m Hc‑p d‑oÂk‑n\\‑p‑w \"Nc¡‑v' a‑m{Xa‑mW‑v. BÀ‑s‑s¡h‑ne‑pÅ Ì‑mäk‑n\\‑pa¸‑pd‑w Hc‑p a\\‑pj‑y\\‑v P‑oh‑nX h‑nP‑ ]T\\‑I‑me‑w b¯‑n\\‑v Bhi‑ya‑mb k‑t´‑mj, B‑tc‑mK‑y, Ah\\‑pï‑m¡‑n‑ k‑m¼¯‑nI,‑ ‑s]c‑pa‑mä, a‑qe‑y, [‑mÀa‑nI, s¡‑mS‑p¯ ‑s{]‑mUÎ‑nh‑nä‑n ]‑qP‑ya‑m-W‑v. ‑sX‑mg h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk§Ä \\ÂI‑m¯‑nS‑t¯‑mf‑w I‑me‑w, ‑ne‑nÃ‑mb‑va‑sb¡‑mf‑p‑w C¶‑v c‑mP‑y‑w ‑t\\c‑nS‑p¶ k‑vI‑qf‑pIf‑p‑w ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑pIf‑p‑w ‑t\\c‑t¼‑m¡‑p‑w {]i‑v\\‑w Hc‑p ‑sX‑mg‑ne‑n\\‑v ‑sX‑mg‑ne‑pSa FâÀ‑s‑sS³‑saâ‑v ]‑mÀ¡‑p‑w ‑sX‑mg‑n \\‑nj‑vIÀj‑n¡‑p¶ c‑oX‑nb‑ne‑pÅ k‑vI‑nÃ‑p‑w P‑oh‑nX¯‑n\\‑p a‑p³]‑pÅ d‑n{^j‑vsaâ‑v A`‑nc‑pN‑nb‑p‑a‑pÅ D‑tZ‑y‑mK‑mÀ°‑nI‑sf ‑skâ‑d‑p‑w a‑m{Xa‑mW‑v. h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk‑s¯b‑p‑w e`‑n¡‑p¶‑nà F¶X‑mW‑v. a‑q‑t¶‑m A‑t©‑m h‑nZ‑y‑m i‑meI‑sfb‑p‑w ]‑p\\À h‑nN‑n´\\‑w hÀj‑w Ig‑nª‑n«‑p‑w Hc‑p ‑sX‑mg‑ne‑n\\‑p‑w ‑sN‑t¿ï‑nb‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. a\\‑pj‑y‑sâ {]‑m]‑vXa‑mh‑m¯ h‑n[‑w, Hc‑p A`‑nc‑pN‑nb‑p‑w Bhi‑y§fd‑nª‑pÅ ]T\\ c‑oX‑nb‑p‑w k‑vI‑nÃ‑p‑w ]c‑n‑t]‑mj‑n¸‑n¡‑m³ Ig‑nb‑m‑sX k‑ne_k‑p‑w P‑oh‑nX‑w ]T‑n¸‑n¡‑p¶ h‑nZ‑y‑m Bk‑z‑mZ\\§f‑p‑sS H‑mÀ½IÄ a‑m{X‑w CS§f‑p‑w A\\‑nh‑mc‑yXb‑mb‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. _‑m¡‑nb‑m-¡‑n iÞ‑oIc‑n¡‑s¸S‑p¶ a‑md‑nb‑n‑sæ‑n a‑mä‑paX‑pIf‑o ka‑ql‑s¯b‑mIb‑mÂ...`‑oIca‑m‑w h‑n[‑w 29

t]cn«n«nà 30 C‑u k‑rj‑v-S‑n¡‑v ‑t]c‑nS‑p¶‑nÃ. CX‑v C§‑s\\‑sb‑m‑s¡b‑m‑sW¶‑p‑w, R‑m³ F‑sâ k‑rã‑n‑sb k‑zX{´a‑mb‑n Fg‑pX‑m³ A\\‑phZ‑n¨‑nÃ‑m‑sb¶‑p‑w, CX‑n N‑ne Bib§f‑p‑sS I‑p¯‑n ‑sh¡Â D‑sﶭ ‑p‑sa‑m‑s¡ ]dª‑v F\\‑n¡‑n«‑v X‑s¶ ‑sI‑m«‑m³ R‑m\\‑mb‑n«‑v ac‑p¶‑n«‑v Xc‑p¶‑nà . C‑u k‑rj‑v-S‑n hfÀ¶‑v he‑pX‑mb‑n , \\‑me‑mÄ¡‑m‑sc‑m¡ Ad‑nb‑m³ ]‑mIa‑mh‑p‑t¼‑mÄ, k‑zb‑w Hc‑mib‑w ]db‑m³ a‑m{X‑w he‑n¸a‑mh‑p‑t¼‑mÄ CX‑mb‑n«‑v ‑t]c‑n‑t«‑m‑s« . C\\‑n R‑m³ k‑z‑m[‑o\\‑n‑s¨¶‑v Bc‑p‑w ]dbï­ 30

Øm\\w k³l I_oÀ Ipªp¶mÄ apX 'BZy'sa¶v a\\Ên P]n¸n¨p. \"Ahkm\\t¯'Xv Fs´¶dnbmsX Pohn¨ncp¶t¸mÄ Ipªdnªnà \"BZyw' Hcp\\mÄ Xs¶ ssIhnSpsa¶v. temIw apgph³ \"BZys¯' Nqïn¡m«n ]pIgv¯n t{]mÕmln¸n¨t¸mÄ \"Ahkm\\w Ft¸mtgm Bcpadnbm¯ iq\\yXbnte¡v hgnamdn. \"BZy's¯ kpJhntij§Ä Bthit¯msS tNmZn¨dnªt¸mÄ \"Ahkm\\w' AhnsS hnXp¼n t\\m¡n. BZyambn lrZb¯n sIm¯nsh¨ B tamlw Fs¶t¶¡pambn CÃmXmbt¸mÄ B Ipªp lrZbw at®mSp tNÀ¶p. 31

kvIqfpIfn ]Tn¸n¡m¯Xv AUz. F sI Ckvambn h^ h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-«‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-h‑p‑w A-h-‑t_‑m-[-h‑pa‑n-Ã‑m-¯ H-c‑p k-a‑q- l-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v \\‑w P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. h‑n-Zy k-¼‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-X‑v ]-IÀ-¶‑v ‑sI‑m-S‑p- ¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w ‑sN-¿‑p-‑t¼‑m-‑tg h‑n-Zy A-`y-k‑n-¨-X‑v ]‑qÀ-®-X-b‑n F-¯‑n-‑t¨-c‑p-I-b‑p-Å‑p. A-¯-c-¯‑n-e‑p-Å h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w e-`‑n-‑t¡-ï-X‑n-‑sâ B-h-iy-I-X C-¶‑v h-e‑n-b ‑tX‑m-X‑n hÀ-²‑n-¨‑p ‑sI‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. k-‑t´‑m-j-h‑p‑w k-a‑m-[‑m-\\-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v a-\\‑p-jy-‑sâ e-£y-‑sa-¦‑n A-h ‑t\\- S‑n-‑sb-S‑p-¡‑m-\\‑p-Å h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-a‑m-W‑v e-`‑n-‑t¡-ï-X‑v. N-c‑n-{X‑w, `‑u-X‑n-I-i‑m-k‑v-{X‑w, K-W‑n-X‑w, C-¡-‑tW‑m-a‑n-I-‑vk‑v X‑p-S-§‑n-b h‑n-h‑n-[ h‑n-j-b-§Ä \\‑m‑w k-‑vI‑q-f‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. F-¶‑m h-f-‑sc {]-[‑m-\\-‑s¸-« l‑m-¸‑n-\\-k‑v F-Py‑p- ‑t¡-j³ F-h‑n-‑sS-b‑m-W‑v \\-½Ä ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v? N‑n-e-c‑p-‑sS \\‑n-K-a-\\-¯‑n a-\\‑p-jy-‑sâ G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b B-h-iy‑w ]-W-h‑p‑w ]-Z-h‑n-b‑p‑w {]-i-k‑v-X‑n-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v. C-h‑n-‑sS-b‑m-W‑v, ]‑u-c-·‑m-c‑p-‑sS k-‑t´‑m-j-¯‑n-\\‑p‑w k-a‑m-[‑m-\\-¯‑n-\\‑p‑w {]‑m-[‑m-\\y‑w \\Â-I‑n-b `‑q-«‑m-\\‑n- ‑sâ `-c-W-L-S-\\ hy-Xy-k‑v-X-a‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v. a‑n-I-‑s¨‑m-c‑p P‑o-h‑n-X-h‑p‑w I-c‑n-b-d‑p‑w ‑sI-«‑n-¸-S‑p-¡‑m³ h-f-‑sc A-Xy-´‑m-‑t]- £‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-«‑p‑w \\-½‑p-‑sS k‑n-e-_-k‑p-I-f‑n C-S‑w ]‑n-S‑n-¡‑m-‑sX ‑t]‑m-b N‑n-e {]-[‑m-\\-‑s¸-« h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k i‑m-J-I-‑sf I‑p-d‑n-¨‑m-W‑v C‑u I‑p-d‑n-¸‑n {]-X‑n-]‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶- X‑v. k-I-‑vk-k‑v FPypt¡j³ h‑n-P-b‑w B-{K-l‑n-¡‑m-¯ a-\\‑p-jy-c‑n-Ã. F-¶‑m h‑n-P-b-¯‑n-‑sâ AÀ-°‑w ‑t]‑m-e‑p‑w ]-eÀ-¡‑p‑w A-d‑n-b‑n-à F-¶-X‑m-W‑v k-Xy‑w. a‑q-ey-‑t_‑m-[-a‑p-Å e-£y-§Ä ‑t\\-S‑n-‑sb-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\\‑m-W‑v h‑n-P-b‑w F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. e-£y-§Ä ‑t\\-S‑n-‑sb-S‑p-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-¯ A-h-Ø-b‑m-W‑v ]-c‑m-P-b‑w. C-h c-ï‑p‑w H-c‑p \\‑m-W-b-¯‑n-‑sâ C-c‑p-h-i- §-f‑m-W‑v. F-‑s´-¦‑n-e‑p‑w ‑t\\-S-W‑w F-¶ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\\‑a‑m-W‑v C-h‑n-‑sS ]-c‑m-aÀ-i‑n-¡-‑s¸-« 32

e-£y‑w F-¶ h‑m-¡‑n-‑sâ h‑n-h-£. \\-½‑p-‑sS ²‑n-¨‑p -h-c‑p-¶ C-¡‑m-e-¯‑v a‑m-\\-k‑n-I‑m-‑tc‑m-Ky ] e-£y-§Ä F-Ã‑m‑w I‑m-cy-£-aa‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡-W‑w. T-\\-¯‑n-\\‑v {]‑m-[‑m-\\y-‑ta-d‑p-¶‑p. i‑m-c‑o-c‑n-I B-‑tc‑m- h-fÀ-¯‑n-‑sb-S‑p-¡‑m-h‑p-¶ I-g‑n-h‑p-If-p-]-‑tb‑m-K‑n-¨‑v Ky‑w k‑w-c-£‑n-¡‑m³ a‑n-I-h‑p-ä P‑o-h‑n-X -‑s‑si-e‑n- ‑t\\-S‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w I‑r-Xy-h‑p‑a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡- b‑p‑w `-£-W -{I-a-§-f‑p‑w ‑th-W‑w. a‑m-\\-k‑n-I W‑aXv. A-X‑p-‑t]‑m-‑se, \\‑nÀ-W-b‑n-¡‑m³ ]-ä‑p-¶ B-‑tc‑m-Ky‑w I‑m-¯‑p-k‑q-£‑n-¡‑m-\\‑p‑w I‑r-Xy-a‑m-b e‑n-J‑n-X e-£y-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡Â A-Xy‑m-h-iy- a‑mÀ-K-§-f‑p-ï‑v. P‑o-h‑n-X -‑s‑si-e‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w `-£-W a‑m-W‑v. -{I-a-¯‑n-e‑p‑w h-c‑p-¶ a‑m-ä-§Ä \\-½‑p-‑sS B-‑tc‑m- Ky-‑s¯ _‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. C-¯-c-¯‑n A-\\‑p-N‑n- A-¸‑p-d-¯‑p-Å e-£y-§Ä c‑q-]‑o-I- X-a‑m-b P‑o-h‑n-X {I-a-§-f‑n-e‑q-‑sS-b‑m-W‑v \\-½‑p-‑sS c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n ]-e-c‑p‑w C-¶‑v ]-c‑m-P-b-‑s¸-S‑p-¶‑p \\‑m-«‑n ‑tc‑m-K‑n-IÄ hÀ-²n-¨‑p-h-c‑p-¶-X‑v. P‑o-h‑n-X- F-¶-X‑m-W‑v k-Xy‑w. i‑n-h‑v ‑tJ-c-b‑p-‑sS 'b‑p I‑m³ I‑m-e‑w a‑p-g‑p-h³ B-i‑p-]-{X‑n h-c‑m-´-I-f‑n I-g‑n- h‑n³' F-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-¯‑n-‑se h‑n-j-b‑w ‑k-I-‑vk ‑tb-ï Z‑p-c-h-Ø h-c‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ I‑r-Xy-a‑m-b k‑v F-P‑ypt¡-j-\\‑m-W‑v. h‑n-P-b-¯‑n-\\‑v ]-e-h‑n-[ B-‑tc‑m-Ky ]T-\\‑w \\-½‑p-‑sS k‑n-e-_-k‑n C-S‑w X-X‑z-§-f‑p-ï‑v. H-¶‑m-a-‑t¯-X‑v e-£y \\‑nÀ-®-b‑w ]‑n-S‑n-‑t¡-ï-X‑n-‑sâ B-h-iy-I-X-b‑m-W‑v hÀ-¯-a‑m- X-‑s¶. k-a-b-{I-a‑o-I-c-W-a‑m-W‑v c-ï‑m-a-‑t¯-X‑v. \\-I‑m-e k‑w-`-h-§Ä h‑n-f‑n-‑t¨‑m-X‑p-¶-X‑v. i‑m-c‑o-c‑n- a‑q-¶‑m-a-X‑m-b‑n, ‑SW0T A-\\‑m-e‑n-k‑n-k‑v A-Y-h‑m I‑m-‑tc‑m-Ky-h‑p‑w a‑m-\\-k‑n-I‑m-‑tc‑m-Ky-h‑p‑w D-N‑n-X-a‑m-b \\-½‑p-‑sS I-g‑n-h‑p-IÄ, I-g‑n-h‑p-‑tI-S‑p-IÄ, A-h- c‑o-X‑n-b‑n k‑w-c-£‑n-¡‑m³ i‑o-e‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p k-c-§Ä, X-S-Ê-§Ä X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h- a‑p³-I‑q-«‑n k-a‑q-l-‑s¯ h-fÀ-¯‑n-‑sb-S‑p-¡‑m³ C‑u a‑mÀ-¤‑w I‑m-W‑p-I. C‑u h-I I‑m-cy-§-‑sf‑m-‑s¡-b‑m-W‑v a‑m-{X-‑ta \\-½‑p-‑sS a‑p³-]‑n-e‑p-Å‑q.. k-I-‑vk-k‑v F-P‑p-‑t¡-j-\\‑n-e‑q-‑sS ]T‑n-¡‑m-\\‑p-Å- X‑v. C-¯-c‑w h‑n-j-b-§Ä \\-½‑p-‑sS ]‑mT-`‑m-K-§- h‑m-ey‑q F-Pypt¡-j³ f‑n-‑te‑m ]‑mT-i‑m-e-I-f‑n-‑te‑m C-¶‑v e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-à X-‑s¶! ‑te‑m-I-¯‑v \\-S-¡‑p-¶ H-«‑p-a‑n-¡ I‑p-ä- I‑r-Xy-§-f‑p-‑sS-b‑p‑w {]-[‑m-\\ I‑m-c-W‑w a‑q-ey‑m- -B-‑tc‑m-Ky h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w [‑n-j‑vT‑n-X h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-¯‑n-‑sâ A-`‑m-h-a‑m-W‑v. \\-½‑p-‑sS ‑tI-c-f‑w h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-¯‑n a‑p-¼‑n-e‑m- \\-½‑p-‑sS B-‑tc‑m-Ky k‑w-c-£-W‑w W‑v. I‑p-ä-I‑r-Xy-§-f‑p-‑sS I‑m-cy-¯‑n-e‑p‑w \\-½Ä C-¶‑v ‑tU‑m-ÎÀ-a‑m-c‑p-‑sS I-¿‑n-e‑m-W‑v. ‑tc‑m-K‑n-I-f‑m- a‑p³-]-´‑n-b‑n-e‑p-ï‑v. a‑n-I-¨ h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w ‑t\\-S‑n- b‑n B-i‑p-]-{X‑n-IÄ ‑tX‑m-d‑p‑w I-b-d‑n-b‑n-d-§‑p-¶ b-hÀ ‑t]‑m-e‑p‑w I‑p-ä-I‑r-Xy-§-f‑n GÀ-‑s¸-S‑p-¶- H-c‑p A-h-Ø h-c‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡-W-‑sa-¦‑n ‑tc‑m-K‑w X‑n-‑sâ I‑m-c-W‑w a‑q-ey‑m-[‑n-j‑vT‑n-X h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w h-c‑m-‑sX k‑q-£‑n-¡‑p-I -F-¶ a‑mÀ-¤-‑ta \\-½‑p-‑sS e-`‑n-¡‑m-¯-X‑v a‑m-{X-a‑m-W‑v. \\-½‑p-‑sS h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k a‑p-¶‑n-e‑p-Å‑q. A-X‑n-\\‑p-‑ th-ï‑n ‑tc‑m-K-§Ä X-S- k-{¼-Z‑m-b-¯‑n F-h‑n-‑sS-b‑m-W‑v a‑q-ey-§-‑sf I‑p- b‑m-\\‑p-Å a‑mÀ-K-§Ä ]T‑n-¡Â A-Xy‑m-h-iy-a‑m- d‑n-¨‑p‑w A-h-b‑p-‑sS {]‑m-Î‑o-k‑n-‑s\\ I‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-‑sa-Ã‑m‑w W‑v. A-‑tX‑m-‑sS‑m-¸‑w, G-‑sX‑m-‑s¡ ‑tc‑m-K-§Ä-¡‑v {]-X‑n-]‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v? C¯-c‑w 'e‑n-h‑n-M‑v h‑n-X‑v G-‑sX‑m-‑s¡ N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑m- c‑o-X‑n-I-f‑m-W‑v D-N‑n-X-‑sa- ‑tl‑m-WÀ' ‑t]‑m-‑se-b‑p-Å a‑q-ey-[‑n-j‑vT‑n-X ]‑mT- ¶‑p‑w ]T‑n-‑t¡-ï‑n- h-c‑p‑w. ‑te‑m-I-¯‑v \\‑n-e-h‑n-Â‑v §Ä ]-c‑m-aÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§Ä \\-½‑p-‑sS 400‑ Hm-f‑w N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑m k-{¼-Z‑m-b-§-f‑p-ï‑v. F-Ã‑m k‑n-e-_-k‑p-I-f‑n DÄ-‑s¸-S‑p-‑t¯-ï k-a-b‑w ‑tc‑m-K-§-f‑p‑w ‑t`-Z-a‑m-I‑p-¶ H-c‑p N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑m- c‑o-X‑n- A-X‑n-{I-a‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. ‑tI-h-e h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-¯‑n- b‑p‑w C-Ã. H‑m-‑tc‑m-¶‑n-\\‑p‑w D-N‑n-X-a‑m-b H‑m-‑tc‑m c‑o- \\-¸‑p-d‑w a‑q-ey-§Ä ]-c‑n-i‑o-e‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑m-ey‑q X‑n-If‑mb‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. F-Py‑p-‑t¡-j-\\‑n-e‑q-‑sS a‑m-{X-‑ta \\-½‑p-‑sS \\‑m-«‑n I‑m-cy-a‑m-b [‑mÀ-a‑n-I \\‑o-¡-§Ä k‑m-[y-a‑m-h‑p-I- a-\\‑p-jy-P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n B-‑tc‑m-Ky‑w b‑p-Å‑q. A-X‑n-e‑q-‑sS a‑m-{X-‑ta a‑n-I-¨ c‑m-Py‑w ]‑n-d- A-X‑n{]-[‑m-\\-a‑m-b I‑m-cy-a‑m-W‑v.i‑m-c‑o-c‑n-I B-‑tc‑m- ¡‑p-I-b‑p-Å‑q. Ky‑w ‑t]‑m-‑se X-‑s¶ -{]-[‑m-\\-a‑m-W‑v a‑m-\\-k‑n-I‑m- ‑tc‑m-Ky‑w. {]-‑tXy-I‑n-¨‑v a‑m-\\-k‑n-I ‑tc‑m-K‑n-IÄ hÀ- 33

[‑m-c‑m-f‑w k-¼‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶-hÀ ‑t]‑m- ]-c-a‑m-b _-Ô-a‑p-‑sï-¦‑n-‑te a‑n-I-¨ P‑o-h‑n-X‑w e‑p‑w ‑tk-h‑n-M‑v-k‑n-‑sâ I‑m-cy-¯‑n \\-b‑n-¡‑m-\\‑m-I‑q. _-Ô-§Ä \\‑n-e-\\‑nÀ-¯‑p-¶-X‑p‑w ]-c‑m-P-b-‑s¸-«‑p ‑t]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v C-¶‑v h-j-f‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w \\-½‑p-‑sS {]-hÀ-¯-\\-§Ä X-‑s¶-b‑m-W‑v. A-X‑v k‑p-K-a-a‑m-bn- a‑p-‑t¶‑m-«‑v ‑sI‑m- \\‑n-Xy I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑m-W‑v. \\-½‑p-‑sS ï‑p-‑t]‑m-I‑m³ B-h-iy-a‑m-b P‑o-h‑n-X- ]‑mT-§Ä X-e-a‑p-d k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-`-{Z-X ‑s‑sI- ]‑mT-]‑p-k‑v-X-I-¯‑n \\‑n-¶‑p‑w ]‑mT-i‑m-em ]-c‑n-k- h-c‑n-¡-W-‑sa-¦‑n k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I c-¯‑p- \\‑n-¶‑p‑w e-`‑n-‑t¡-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. A-h‑n-‑sS-b‑m- h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w {]-‑tb‑m-K-X-e-¯‑n W‑v d‑n-‑te-j³-j‑n-¸‑v F-P‑p-‑t¡-j³ {]‑m-[‑m-\\y-aÀ- l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. ‑sI‑m-ï‑p h-‑t¶ a-X‑n-b‑m-I‑q. l‑m-¸‑n-‑s\\-Ê‑v F-P‑yp-‑t¡-j³ k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w a-\\‑p-jy-‑sâ G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b e-£y‑w h‑n-Zy‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ ‑tI‑m-S‑o-i‑z-c-·‑mcmh‑p-I k-‑t´‑m-j-a‑m-W‑v. \\-½‑p-‑sS ‑sN-b‑v-X‑n-IÄ a‑p-g‑p-h³ F-¶-X-à C‑u h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w ‑sI‑m-ï‑v D-‑t±-i‑n- k-‑t´‑m-j-I-c-a‑m-b P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-\\‑v ‑th-ï‑n-b‑m-W- ¡‑p-¶-X‑v. ]-I-c‑w, P‑o-h‑n-X c‑o-X‑n-¡‑v B-h-iy-a‑m-b ‑tÃ‑m. F-¶‑m F-§-‑s\\ k-‑t´‑m-j-‑t¯‑m-‑sS k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I £-a-X ‑t\\-S‑m-\\‑p‑w, k-¼‑m-Z‑n-¡‑m-\\‑p- P‑o-h‑n-¡‑m‑w F-¶‑v \\-a‑p-¡‑v h‑n-Zy‑m-e-b-§-f‑n a‑p-Å I-g‑n-h‑v h-fÀ-¯‑n-‑sb-S‑p-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑m-W‑v. \\‑n-¶‑v ]T‑n-¡‑m-\\‑m-h‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-X‑p-‑sI‑m-ï‑p-X-‑s¶ A-X‑n-\\‑v k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w A-Xy‑m-h- h‑n-Zy‑m-k-¼-¶-c‑m-b‑n h‑n-h‑n-[ X-k‑v-X‑n-I-IÄ I‑o- iy-a‑m-W‑v. ‑td‑m-_À-«‑v I‑n-‑tb‑m-k-I‑n-b‑p-‑sS 'd‑n-¨‑v g-S-¡‑p-‑t¼‑m-g‑p‑w k-´‑p-ã P‑o-h‑n-X‑w \\-b‑n-¡‑m³ U‑m-U‑v, ]‑p-hÀ U‑m-U‑v' F-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w C-¯- ]-e-c‑p‑w C-¶‑v ]-c‑m-P-b-‑s¸-S‑p-¶‑p. k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I c-¯‑n k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w {]-X‑n-]‑m-Z‑n- ]‑p-‑tc‑m-K-X‑n-b‑p‑w, B-‑tf‑m-l-c‑n h-c‑p-a‑m-\\‑ hÀ-[-\\- ¡‑p-¶ a‑n-I-h‑p-ä c-N-\\-b‑m-W‑v. k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I ] h‑p-a‑m-W‑v c‑m-Py-]‑p-‑tc‑m-K-X‑n F-¶v [-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ T-\\-§Ä-¡‑v D‑u-¶Â \\Â-I‑m-¯ h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k ‑te‑m-I-c‑m-Py-§-‑sf N‑n-´‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v `q-«‑m-‑sâ `-c-W- k-{¼-Z‑m-b-§-‑sf A-‑t±-l‑w \\‑o-N-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-aÀ-i‑n- L-S-\\-b‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-\\‑v ‑ti-j-a‑m-W‑v ]-e-c‑p‑w-a‑m- ¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. d‑n N‑n-´‑n-¡‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑v. \\‑n-e-h‑n-‑se l‑m- ¸‑n-‑s\\-k‑v C³-U-I-‑vk‑n G-ä-h‑p‑w k-´‑p-ã [‑m-c‑m-f‑w k-¼‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶-hÀ ‑t]‑m- c‑m-{ã‑w- ^‑n³-e‑m³-U‑p‑w G-ä-h‑p‑w Z‑p‑x-J-a‑p-Å e‑p‑w ‑tk-h‑n-M‑v-k‑n-‑sâ I‑m-cy-¯‑n ]-c‑m-P-b-‑s¸- c‑m-{ã‑w A-^‑v-K‑m-\\‑n-Ø‑m-\\‑p-a‑m-W‑v. k‑z‑m-X-{´y‑w «‑p ‑t]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v C-¶‑v \\‑n-Xy I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑m-W‑v. e-`‑n-¨‑v 75 B-ï‑p-IÄ ]‑n-¶‑n-S‑p-‑t¼‑m-g‑p‑w \\-½‑p-‑sS \\-½‑p-‑sS X-e-a‑p-d k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-`-{Z-X ‑s‑sI-h-c‑n-¡- c‑m-Py‑w l‑m-¸‑n-‑s\\-k‑v C³-U-I-‑vk‑n 144þ-B‑w W-‑sa-¦‑n k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w {]-‑tb‑m-K- Ø‑m-\\-¯‑m-W‑v. a‑n-I-¨ h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w e-`y-a‑m- X-e-¯‑n ‑sI‑m-ï‑p h-‑t¶ a-X‑n-b‑m-I‑q. b‑n-«‑p‑w k-´‑p-ã P‑o-h‑n-X‑w \\-a‑p-¡‑n-¶‑p‑w A-{]‑m-y -a‑m-‑sW-¶‑v k‑m-c‑w. A-X‑n-\\‑p a‑m-ä‑w D-ï‑m-h‑m³ d‑n-‑te-j³-j‑n-¸‑v F-P‑yp-‑t¡-j³ h‑n-Zy‑m-e-b-§-f‑n l‑m-¸‑n-\\-k‑v F-P‑p-‑t¡-j³ A-Xy-´‑m-‑t]-£‑n-X-a‑m-W‑v. k-´‑p-ã P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-\\‑v \\-à a-\\‑p-jy- _-Ô-§Ä A-Xy‑m-h-iy-a‑m-W‑v. H-c‑p k-a‑q-l-P‑o- ‑te‑m-I-¯‑n h‑n-Zy‑m-e-b-§-f‑n ] h‑n-b‑m-b a-\\‑p-jy-\\‑v N‑p-ä‑p-]‑m-S‑p-a‑m-b‑n B-‑tc‑m-Ky- T‑n-¸‑n-‑t¡-ï A-Xy‑m-h-iy-a‑m-b, F-¶‑m H-c‑p h‑n-Zy‑m-e-b-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w ]T‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-¯ N‑n-e h‑n-Zy‑m- `y‑m-k i‑m-J-I-f‑m-W‑v ]-d-ª‑p-‑ sh-¨-X‑v. a-\\‑p-jy ]‑p-‑tc‑m-K-X‑n-¡‑p‑w, \\-·-¡‑p‑w C‑u h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k i‑m-J-IÄ k‑n-e-_-k‑p-I-f‑n DÄ-‑s¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑m C-¶‑v \\-½Ä ‑t\\-c‑n-S‑p-¶ ]-e {]-i‑v-\\-§Ä-¡‑p‑w ]-c‑n-l‑m-c-a‑m-I‑p‑w. 34

Rm³ IcpXnbncp¶Xv Fsâ DÅamWv Gähpw aen\\sa¶mWv. ]s£ \\nsâ apJw ImWpt¼mÄ Fsâ DÅns\\¡mÄ aen\\amb ]e a\\ÊpIfpsSbpw sshIrX§Ä F\\n¡v ImWmw. 35

C‑u t‑ e H‑u«n‑  D]t‑ bm‑ Kn‑ ¨‑ncn‑ ¡‑p¶ N‑n{X§Ä ‑sX‑m«Sp‑ ¯ kv-‑I‑qfp‑ If‑n \\‑n¶‑pw‑ R§Ä ] IÀ¯n‑ bX‑mW‑v. CXv‑ k‑m[‑mcW kv‑-I‑qfp‑ If‑n‑se Øn‑ c‑w Im‑ gv‑Nb‑mW‑v. GX‑m\\p‑ ‑w N‑ne N‑n{X‑ §Ä I‑qSn‑ bpïv­‑ s‑ k³kÀj‑n¸‑v `b¶‑v Ch‑n‑sS s‑ Im‑ Sp‑ ¡‑p¶n‑ Ã. Al½Zv- jmln³ ‑tI‑mfP‑pIf‑p‑sSb‑p‑w k‑vI‑qf‑pIf‑p‑sSb‑p‑w, a‑p¡‑ne‑p‑w a‑qeb‑ne‑p‑w a‑q{X¸‑pcb‑ne‑p‑w, Dc‑p«‑nb‑p‑w N‑pc‑p«‑nb‑p‑w ‑sh«‑nb‑p‑saÃ‑mw ‑sXd‑nb‑p‑w I‑pd‑nb‑p‑w ‑tX‑m¶‑nh‑mk§f‑p‑w, F´‑n\\‑v, ‑t_‑mf‑oh‑nb³ I‑mS‑pIf‑n‑se ‑tk‑m I‑mÄU‑v h‑n¹h iÀ±‑ne‑pIf‑p‑w Fg‑pX‑n‑sh¨‑v k‑zb‑w‑t`‑mK k‑pJaSb‑p¶ N‑nec‑pï‑v. ‑tk‑mj‑y a‑oU‑nbb‑n ‑t^¡‑v A¡‑uï‑n h¶‑v Xeb‑p‑w h‑me‑pa‑nÃ‑m¯ Iaâ‑pIf‑p‑w ‑t]‑mÌ‑pIf‑pa‑nd¡‑n Bßk‑mb‑qP‑yaSb‑p¶hc‑papïv. Ig¸‑v X‑oÀ¡‑m\\‑mb‑n C³‑t_‑mI‑vk‑pIf‑n Ibd‑n \\‑nc§‑n ‘Aswathi achu' a‑mc‑mI‑p¶ Rc¼‑pIf‑p‑sSb‑pw a‑sä‑mc‑p ]IÀ¸‑v. DÅ‑ne‑pÅ Bib¯‑n\\v 36

h‑nkÀP‑ya‑mI‑p¶X‑nâ{Xb‑p‑w k‑pJh‑nhca‑t\\‑zj‑n¨‑p F¶X‑n\\‑v ‑sXf‑nh‑mb‑n \\‑neh‑mca‑nÃ‑m¯X‑v ‑sI‑m‑tï‑m, sIbdnMv B§famcmIm³ AhÀ _‑m¡‑nb‑m¡‑p¶X‑v Z‑pÀKÔ‑w ha‑n¡‑p¶X‑v {ia‑n¡‑p¶hc‑pa‑pï‑v. ‑s_©‑pIf‑ne‑p‑w ‑sI‑m‑tï‑m Bb‑nc‑n¡‑m‑w ‑sUk‑v¡‑pIf‑ne‑p‑w Fg‑pX‑n¡‑q«‑nb ‑sFUâ‑nä‑n ‑shf‑nh‑m¡‑m‑sX F ¹‑Ê‑pIf‑m _‑m¨‑n‑sâ ‑t]c‑p‑w aä‑pa‑mW‑v. a‑q{X¸‑pcb‑p‑sSb‑p‑w a‑p§‑n¯‑mg‑p¶ ‑tIcf¯‑n‑sâ I‑y‑m¼Ê‑n‑se K‑y‑m‑§‑pIf‑p‑sS ‑s]‑mX‑p CS§f‑p‑sSb‑p‑w Ie‑meb§f‑n‑te‑s¡‑m¶‑v ‑t]c‑p‑w AhÀ ]‑n´‑pSc‑p¶ ka‑qla‑m[‑ya§fp‑sS Ibd‑n ‑sNÃ‑pI. N‑pac‑pIf‑p‑w ]‑mÀ«‑nIf‑p‑sS ‑t]c‑p‑w Bg¯‑n N‑pac‑pIf‑ne‑p‑saÃ‑m‑w ‑s_©‑pIf‑p‑w I‑p¯‑nhcb‑p‑sS hcª‑p ‑sh¡‑p¶hc‑pa‑pï‑v. A\\‑mhi‑y§f‑p‑w AÃ‑m¯X‑p‑w kÀ¤‑mßIXIf‑m ‑tI‑md‑n ‑sh¡‑p¶X‑v. \\‑ndª‑p I‑nS¡‑p¶‑pï‑mI‑p‑w. ‑te‑mI‑mÛ‑pX§f‑n I‑m‑se‑mS‑nª ‑sUk‑vI‑pIf‑p‑w ‑s]« X‑mP‑va‑le‑n‑sâ a‑pIf‑ne‑p‑w tk‑mj‑y a‑oU‑nb l‑mÀÍ‑nk‑vI‑nÃ‑m¯ I¼‑y‑q«À J‑pX‑p_‑v a‑n\\‑md‑nsâ a‑pIf‑ne‑p‑w ‑t]‑mÌ‑pIÄ¡‑v X‑m‑sg e‑m_‑pIf‑p‑w, N‑pac‑n\\‑p aä‑p hnt\\mZ Ncn{X k©mc ‑t^¡‑v A¡‑uï‑pIf‑n a‑pIf‑n‑te¡‑v I‑meSb‑mf§f‑p‑w ]cnkc§fnepw F´n\\v, h¶‑p I‑p¯‑n¯‑nc‑n¸‑v \\a‑p¡‑v I‑mW‑m‑w. k‑vI‑qf‑n‑sâ sdbnÂth tÌj\\pIfpsS Dï‑m¡‑pIb‑p‑w Bf‑pI‑sf N‑pä‑p]‑mS‑v a‑pg‑ph³ a‑nT‑mb‑n _m{¯qanepw sI.Fkv.BÀ.Sn. ‑ta‑mia‑mb‑n N‑n{X‑oIc‑n¡‑pIb‑p‑w, ISe‑mk‑pIf‑me‑p‑w, kn _Ênsâ koänsâ ] aä‑pÅhc‑p‑sS C³‑t_‑mI‑vk‑n ‑t]¸d‑pIf‑me‑p‑w h‑r¯‑nl‑o\\ ndInep‑saÃmw Fg‑pX‑nb‑p‑w ‑sN¶‑v Ak`‑ya‑mb a‑mW‑v. Hc‑p Ie‑meb {]Wb‑s¯ hc¨‑p‑w B\\µ‑w I‑sï¯‑p¶ `‑mjb‑n ‑tX‑m¶‑nh‑mk§Ä I‑sï¯‑ph‑m³ ‑s_©‑pIf‑p‑w N‑ne a‑t\\‑m‑tc‑mK‑nIf‑pï‑v. Hc‑p Fg‑pX‑pIb‑p‑w AÇ‑oe N‑n{X‑ N‑pac‑pIf‑p‑w a‑q{X¸‑pcIf‑p‑w ] hk‑vX‑ph‑p‑w AX‑n‑sâ X\\X‑mb §Ä Ab¨‑p‑sI‑mS‑p¯‑v cX‑nb‑m aX‑n. BZÀi§f‑me‑p‑w c‑oX‑nb‑n \\‑ne\\‑n¡‑p¶X‑v ‑sI‑mï‑v l‑o‑td‑m BI‑pIb‑p‑w h‑n¹hhc‑nIf‑me‑p‑w \\‑n_‑nUa‑mW‑v Cãa‑nÃ‑m¯ N‑neÀ, k¼‑qÀ® ‑sN¿‑p¶ Rc¼‑pIf‑pï‑v. _‑m{X‑q‑w N‑pac‑pIÄ. a‑t\\‑ml‑mc‑nXb‑n AX‑n‑s\\ C³‑t_‑mI‑vk‑pIf‑ne‑q‑sS I‑mW‑p‑t¼‑mÄ Ahc\\‑p`h‑n¡‑p¶ \\‑nc´c‑w aä‑p k‑v{X‑oIf‑p‑sS C‑u I‑y‑m¼k‑n Hc‑p a‑m\\k‑nI ]‑nc‑na‑pd‑p¡a‑pï‑v. R§f‑p‑w ]T‑n¨‑nc‑p¶‑p C¯c‑w Fg‑p¯‑pIf‑p‑w hcIf‑p‑w I‑mW‑p‑t¼‑mÄ h‑n‑tZi‑nIf‑mb‑n \\½‑p‑sS \\‑m«‑n‑se¯‑p¶ b‑m{X¡‑mc‑p‑sS a\\Ê‑pIf‑n C´‑y¡‑m‑sc¡‑pd‑n¨‑v c‑q]‑s¸S‑p¶ Hc‑p {]X‑nO‑mbb‑pï‑v. h‑nI‑rXa‑mb l‑rZba‑pÅhÀ I‑mcW‑w Hc‑p P\\Xb‑p‑sS k‑wk‑vI‑mch‑p‑w h‑nI‑rXa‑mI‑p¶‑p. ‑s‑shh‑n²‑ya‑mÀ¶ C‑u c‑mP‑y‑s¯ {][‑m\\ Øe§‑sfÃ‑m‑w {] Wb‑n\\‑nIf‑p‑sS \\‑ma§f‑me‑p‑w ‑sa‑m‑s‑s_ \\¼d‑pIf‑me‑p‑w \\‑ndª‑nc‑n¡‑pIb‑mW‑v. \\‑s«Ã‑nÃ‑m¯ C¯c‑w {] hÀ¯‑nIf‑ne‑q‑sS k‑t´‑mj‑w I‑sï¯‑pIb‑mW‑v N‑neÀ. 37

N‑pac‑pIf‑ne‑p‑w ‑s]‑mX‑p s]‑mX‑p ^‑n³e³U‑n‑se h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk CS§f‑ne‑p‑w Fg‑pX‑p¶X‑p‑w CS§f‑n‑se hk‑vX‑p¡Ä k{¼Z‑mb‑s¯¡‑pd‑n¨‑p‑w I‑p¯‑n hcb‑v¡‑p¶X‑p‑w Bc‑p‑tSX‑paÃ‑mX‑mI‑p¶, h‑mN‑mec‑mI‑p¶, Ad_‑n \\½‑p‑sS k‑z‑mX{´‑ya‑m‑sW¶‑p‑w F¶‑m FÃ‑mhÀ¡‑p‑w \\‑mS‑pIf‑n‑se IS‑pI«‑n \\‑nba§Ä AX‑n‑se‑m¶‑p‑w b‑m‑sX‑mc‑ph‑n[ I‑p¯‑n hcb‑v¡‑m³ ]ä‑p¶, Ch‑n‑sS h¶‑m a‑m{X‑ta ‑sXä‑pIf‑p‑a‑n‑sö‑p‑w ] \\i‑n¸‑n¡‑m³ AÀlXb‑pÅ \\½‑p‑sS \\‑mS‑v \\¶‑mI‑q F¶‑v dª‑p \\S¡‑p¶ h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑n H¶‑mb‑n«‑mW‑v I‑mW‑s¸S‑p¶X‑v. ]dª‑v \\½‑p‑sS \\‑m«‑pI‑mÀ h‑n¹h k‑wLS\\If‑pï‑v. lÀ¯‑me‑pIÄ¡‑p‑w hg‑nbc‑nI‑n‑te¡‑v ¹‑mÌ‑nI‑v C‑sX‑m‑s¡b‑mW‑v k‑z‑mX‑ kac§Ä¡‑pa‑nSb‑n ‑s]‑mX‑p I‑p¸‑nIf‑p‑w aä‑p ‑thÌ‑pIf‑p‑w {´‑yh‑p‑w kÀK‑mßIXb‑p‑w a‑pXe‑pIÄ I¯‑n¡‑pIb‑p‑w he‑n‑s¨d‑nb‑p¶‑p. ]c‑nkc§Ä F¶‑mW‑v h‑nZ‑y‑mk¼¶À F¶‑v AS‑n¨‑p XIÀ¡‑pIb‑p‑w h‑r¯‑nl‑o\\a‑m¡‑p¶X‑ne‑q‑sSb‑p‑w k‑zb‑w h‑n‑tij‑n¸‑n¡‑p¶hÀ ‑sN¿‑p‑t¼‑mÄ C‑sXÃ‑m‑w a‑q{X¸‑pcb‑ne‑p‑w aä‑p‑w h‑ni‑zk‑n¡‑pIb‑p‑w \\‑m«‑n‑se H‑m‑tc‑mc‑p¯c‑p‑sSb‑p‑w ‑tX‑m¶‑nh‑mk§f‑p‑w ‑sXd‑nIf‑p‑w h‑ni‑zk‑n¸‑n¡‑pIb‑p‑w ‑sN¿‑p¶X‑v AhI‑mia‑m‑sW¶ ‑t_‑m[‑y‑w ‑t{]a‑teJ\\§f‑p‑w Fg‑pX‑n Fs´mcp timIamWv‑. k‑z´‑w \\a‑p¡‑nÃ‑mX‑m‑h‑pIb‑mW‑v. hb‑v¡‑p¶X‑ne‑q‑sSb‑p‑w h‑oS‑n‑sâ N‑pac‑pIf‑n‑te‑m, ]‑mÀ«‑n ]«W§‑sf a‑t\\‑mlca‑m¡‑m³ a‑t\\‑ml‑mc‑nX I‑sï¯‑pIb‑mW‑v H‑m^‑ok‑pIf‑n‑te‑m, F´‑n\\‑v, Ie‑mI‑mc·‑mÀ AÀ°h¯‑mb N‑neÀ. ‑sI‑mS‑nac§f‑n ‑sX‑mS‑m³ N‑n{X§Ä hc¨‑nS‑p‑t¼‑mÄ ‑t]‑me‑p‑w k½X‑n¡‑m¯ {] Z‑nhk§Ä¡I‑w ‑C¯c‑w k‑mU‑nÌ‑v Ø‑m\\§Ä¡‑v C¯c‑w AX‑n\\‑pa‑pIf‑n c‑m{ã‑ob a‑t\\‑m‑s‑shIe‑ya‑pÅh‑sc I‑mc‑y§f‑n A`‑n{]‑mb‑w ] ]‑mÀ«‑nIf‑p‑tSb‑p‑w aä‑p‑w N‑nI‑nÕ‑n¡‑p¶X‑ne‑p‑w AhÀ¡‑v db‑ph‑m³ b‑m‑sX‑mcÀlXb‑pa‑nÃ. ‑t]‑mÌd‑pIf‑p‑w _‑m\\d‑pIf‑p‑w \\·b‑p‑sS ]‑mX I‑mW‑n¨‑p N‑pac‑pIf‑n hc¡‑p¶X‑n‑sâ ]X‑n¸‑n¡‑p¶‑p. Z‑oÀL‑t\\ ‑sI‑mS‑p¡‑p¶X‑ne‑p‑w \\½‑p‑sS k‑z‑mX{´‑y‑s¯¡‑pd‑n¨‑v c‑s¯ A[‑z‑m\\¯‑n\\‑p‑w h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk k{¼Z‑mbh‑p‑w k‑wk‑mc‑n¡‑p¶X‑n\\‑v a‑p¼‑v, N‑n´IÄ¡‑p‑sa‑mS‑ph‑n A[‑y‑m]Ic‑p‑w ka‑qlh‑p‑w ] k‑z´‑w h‑o«‑paX‑ne‑p‑w ]‑mÀ«‑n hc¨‑nS‑p¶ N‑n{X§Ä c‑mPb‑s¸«‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p F¶‑pÅX‑v H‑m^‑ok‑pIf‑p‑w Bf‑pIÄ¡‑v If¦‑s¸S‑p¯‑n AX‑ne‑q‑sS h‑mk‑vXha‑mW‑v. Fg‑pX‑m\\‑p‑w Bibh‑n\\‑nab‑w \\ k‑pJ‑w I‑sï¯‑p¶hc‑pa‑pï‑v. S¯‑m\\‑p‑w Hc‑n¡‑n‑s¡‑mS‑p¡‑p‑ta‑m amtdï­ nbncn¡p¶p, F¶‑pI‑q‑sS N‑n´‑n¡‑pI. P¸‑m\\‑n‑se Cu ]cnkchpw Npäp]mSpw kI‑ h‑r¯‑n‑sbI‑pd‑n¨‑p‑w eXpw FtâXv IqSnbmsW¶ at\\m`mh¯n \\n¶pw, AXnsâ ipNnXzhpw kwc£Whpw IqSn Fsâbpw _m[yXbmsW¶ Nn´bnte¡v Hmtcm ]uc\\pw hftcï­kabw AXn{Ian¨ncn¡p¶p. A¯cw Nn´m hfÀ¨bpsS {]`h tI{µ§fmbn amdm³ Ieme‑ b§Ä¡v km[n¡s«... 38

Iw^À«v tÌj³ t]Pv ]»nIv tSmbveäpIfnepw aäp s]mXp CS§fnepw Ip¯nhc¡m³ s]mdpXn ap«n \\S¡p¶hÀ¡v Cu t]Pv D]tbmKn¡mhp¶-XmWv. (]Ww \\ÂtIï­ XnÃ) 39

hc‑m´b‑n ‑tX‑mf‑n ‑s‑sI‑tI‑mÀ¯‑p k‑ul‑rZ‑w ]¦‑nS‑m³ Ahc‑mc‑p‑w F‑sâ I‑q‑sS h¶‑nÃ. F‑sâ ‑t{]a‑teJ\\‑w X‑pd¡‑m³ ‑t]‑me‑p‑w AhÄ I‑q«‑m¡‑nb‑nÃ. Ah[‑n Z‑n\\§f‑n kab‑w ]¦‑nS‑m³ AhÀ F‑s¶ a‑m{X‑w h‑nf‑n¨‑nÃ. R‑m\\c‑nI‑n‑se¯‑nb‑m Ahc‑p‑sS ]ck‑y Xa‑miIÄ k‑zI‑mc‑ya‑mI‑p¶‑p. R‑m‑s\\‑mc‑p ‑sI‑me]‑mXI‑n‑tb‑m, ‑sI‑mS‑p‑w I‑päh‑mf‑n‑tb‑m AÃ. F‑sâ I‑q‑sS ] T‑n¡‑p¶hc‑n Hc‑p¯‑t\\‑mS‑v F‑sâ {]i‑v\\‑sa´‑msW¶‑v ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨‑p. aSntbmsS Ah³ ]dªp. amdmtcmKamWt{X, tcmK¯nsâ t]cv \"]Tn¸nÌv'. 40 40

sk¡âv s_Â 41

42

Po-hnX- s- a-¶ ]mT-]pk- v-XI- w j^oJv jaow l‑m-¸‑n-‑s\\-Ê‑v C-‑sâ-I-‑vk‑n a‑p³-]‑n-e‑p-Å c‑m-Py-§-f‑n-e‑m-W‑v G-ä-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-X B-ß-l-Xy-IÄ d‑n-‑t¸‑mÀ-«‑v ‑sN-¿-‑s¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v. h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-¯‑n-\\‑p‑w k-‑t´‑m-j-§Ä-¡‑p‑w P‑o- h‑n-X-¯‑n-‑se {]-i‑v-\\-§-‑sf ‑t\\-c‑n-S‑m³ a-\\‑p-jy-‑sc {]‑m-]‑v-X-c‑m-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑n-à F-¶‑m-W‑v C-X‑v ‑sX-f‑n-b‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. a‑q-ey‑m-[‑n-j‑vT‑n-X h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-¯‑n-\\‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X ]T-\\-§Ä-¡‑p‑w D‑u- ¶Â \\Â-I‑n h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k k-{¼-Z‑m-b‑w D-S-¨‑p h‑mÀ-‑t¡-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. ‑te‑m-I-‑s¯ a‑m-ä‑n-a-d‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-h‑p-Å G-I B-b‑p-[‑w h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-a‑m-‑sW-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-‑t¼‑mÄ G-X‑v X-c‑w h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-¯‑n-\\‑m-W‑v a‑m-ä-§Ä ‑sI‑m-ï‑v h-c‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-I F-¶‑v \\‑nÀ-h-N‑n-¡-‑s¸-‑tS-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. ]‑mT-]‑p-k‑v-X-I-a-à P‑o-h‑n-X‑w. i-c‑n-b‑m-b h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-‑sa-¶‑m P‑o-h‑n-X-‑s¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å-X‑m-I-W‑w. \\-½‑p-‑sS ‑s]-c‑p-a‑m-ä‑w, k‑z-`‑m-h‑w F-§-‑s\\ {]-I-S‑n-¸‑n-¡- W‑w F-¶‑p-Å-X‑v ‑sN-d‑p-¸‑w a‑p-XÂ-‑t¡ I‑p-«‑n-IÄ-¡‑v ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p ‑sI‑m-S‑p-¡Â A-\\‑n-h‑m-cy-a‑m- W‑v. A-‑sÃ-¦‑n ‑sK-b‑n-a‑n-\\‑p‑w ‑tk‑m-jyÂ-a‑o-U‑n-b-¡‑p‑w A-S‑n-a-‑s¸-«‑v a‑q-ey-§-f‑n-Ã‑m-¯ H-c‑p X-e-a‑p-d-b‑m-b‑v A-hÀ a‑m-d‑p‑w. \\-à H-c‑p X-e-a‑p-d-‑sb h‑mÀ-‑s¯-S‑p-¡‑m³ C-¶-‑s¯ h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k c‑o-X‑n-b‑n H-c‑p- ]‑m-S‑v A-g‑n-¨‑p-]-W‑n-IÄ \\-S-‑t¯-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. \\-½Ä F-§-‑s\\ k-‑t´‑m-j-h‑m-\\‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡-W‑w, {]-i‑v-\\-§-‑sf F-§-‑s\\ ‑t\\-c‑n-S-W‑w F-‑s¶-Ã‑m‑w \\-½Ä I‑p-«‑n-I-‑sf ]T‑n-¸‑n-‑t¡-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. I‑m-c-W‑w, G-ä-h‑p‑w D-bÀ-¶ k‑m-£-c-X-b‑p-Å k‑w-Ø‑m-\\-a‑m-b ‑tI-c-f-¯‑n-‑se B-ß-l-Xy \\‑n-c-¡‑v ]-c‑n-‑ti‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-‑t¼‑mÄ a‑q-ey-a‑p-Å h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k‑w \\Â-I‑m³ \\-a‑p-¡‑v k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p- ‑tï‑m F-¶‑p-Å-X‑p‑w {]-i‑v-\\-§-‑sf ‑t\\-c‑n-S‑m³ ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-‑tï‑m F-¶‑p-Å-X‑p‑w H-c‑p ‑tN‑m-Zy- N‑n-Ó-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. ‑tI‑m-‑tf-P‑p-I-f‑n ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑u-a‑m-c-¡‑m-c‑m-b h‑n-Zy‑mÀ-°nI-f‑n h-e‑n-‑sb‑m-c‑p i-X-a‑m-\\‑w h‑n-j‑m-Z ‑tc‑m-K-¯‑n-\\‑v A-S‑n-a-‑s¸-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w, A-X‑n h-e‑n-‑sb‑m-c‑p i-X-a‑m-\\‑w B-ß- l-Xy-‑sb-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v ‑t]‑m-e‑p‑w N‑n-´‑n-¨‑p- ‑t]‑m-b‑n F-¶‑p-Å ]-{X-h‑mÀ-¯ \\-½-‑sf ‑sR-«‑n-¡‑p- ¶-X‑m-W‑v. P‑o-h‑n-X {]-i‑v-\\-§-‑sf F-§-‑s\\ ‑t\\-c‑n-S-W-‑sa-¶‑v h-fÀ-¶‑p -h-c‑p-¶ X-e-a‑p-d-¡‑v 43

A-d‑n-b‑n-à F-¶ h-e‑n-‑sb‑m-c‑p X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-h‑v \\-a‑p-¡‑p-ï‑m- ]‑p-X‑n-b ‑ta-J-e-IÄ, h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k A-h-k-c-§Ä ‑tI-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. H‑m¬-‑s‑se³ ¢‑m-k‑n ]-‑s¦-S‑p-¡‑m³ F-¶‑n-h h‑n-Zy‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ-¡‑v ]-d-ª‑p ‑sI‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-I- I-g‑n-b‑m-¯-X‑n-‑sâ ‑t]-c‑n B-ß-l-Xy ‑sN-b‑v-X I‑p- b‑p‑w h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-¯‑n-‑sâ A-\\‑n-h‑m-cy-X ‑t_‑m-[y-‑s¸- «‑n-b‑p-‑sS I-Y-b‑p‑w \\-½Ä ‑tI-«-X‑m-W‑v. P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-‑se S‑p-¯‑n ‑sI‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w ‑sN-¿-W‑w. ‑sN-d‑n-b {]-i‑v-\\-§Ä ‑t\\-c‑n-S‑m³ A-hÀ I-‑sï-¯‑p-¶ ‑t]‑m‑w-h-g‑n B-ß-l-Xy-b‑m-W‑v. P‑o-h‑n-X-‑s¯ _‑m-[‑n- k‑m-‑t¦-X‑n-I-]-c-a‑m-b‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w a‑p³-]-´‑n- ¡‑m-‑sX ‑sN-d‑n-b {]-i‑v-\\-§Ä-¡‑v ‑t]‑m-e‑p‑w B-f‑p-IÄ b‑n \\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶ c‑m-Py-§-‑sf \\-a‑p-¡‑v C‑u h‑n-j- B-ß-l-Xy ‑sN-¿‑p-¶‑p. b-§-f‑n a‑m-X‑r-I-b‑m-¡‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v. ‑sN-d‑p-¸‑w a‑p-X-‑te a‑p-X‑nÀ-¶-h-‑sc _-l‑p-a‑m-\\‑n-¡‑m-\\‑p‑w A-h-‑tc‑m- h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-a‑p-Å-hÀ ‑t]‑m-e‑p‑w a‑q-ey-§Ä- S‑v \\-à c‑o-X‑n-b‑n ‑s]-c‑p-a‑m-d‑m-\\‑p‑w A-hÀ ]T‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p- ¡‑p‑w \\‑n-b-a-§Ä-¡‑p‑w F-X‑n-c‑m-b‑n {]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. ¶‑p. h‑r-¯‑n-b‑p-‑sS I‑m-cy-‑sa-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑m-‑sW-¦‑n a-Zy-]‑n-¨‑v h‑m-l-\\-‑ta‑m-S‑n-¨‑v H-c‑p a‑m-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-I-‑s\\ ^‑n³-e‑m³-U‑v, P-¸‑m³ ‑t]‑m-e‑p-Å c‑m-Py-§Ä h-f-‑sc ‑sI‑m-¶-X‑v ‑tI-c-f-¯‑n-‑se H-c‑p D-‑tZy‑m-K-Ø-\\‑m-W‑v. a‑p³-]-´‑n-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v. c‑m-h‑n-‑se k-‑vI‑q-f‑p-I-f‑n-‑te-¡‑v k‑v-{X‑o-[-\\-¯‑n-‑sâ ‑t]-c‑n `‑m-cy-‑sb ]‑m-¼‑n-‑s\\-‑s¡‑m- ‑t]‑m-I‑p-‑t¼‑mÄ I‑p-«‑n-I-f‑p-‑sS I-¿‑n N‑q-e‑p-IÄ ‑sI‑m- ï‑v h‑n-j-‑taÂ-¸‑n-¨‑p ‑sI‑m-¶-X‑p‑w h‑n-Zy‑m-k-¼-¶-\\‑m-b S‑p-¯‑v ‑td‑m-U-c‑n-I‑n-e‑p-Å ‑th-Ì‑p-IÄ X‑q-¯‑p-h‑m-c‑m³ H-c‑p D-‑tZy‑m-K-Ø-\\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \\‑n-b-a-h‑p‑w A-d‑n-h‑p‑w ] ]-d-b‑p‑w. A-§-‑s\\ ‑sN-d‑p-¸‑w a‑p-X-‑te a‑q-ey-a‑p-Å, T‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑n-e‑p-]-c‑n A-X‑n-‑sâ B-h-iy-h‑p‑w \\-·-b‑p-Å H-c‑p k-a‑q-l-a‑m-b‑n A-hÀ a‑m-d‑p‑w. C-¯-c‑w I‑m-c-W-§-f‑p‑w ‑t_‑m-[‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v A-X‑v P-\\-§-‑sf-‑s¡‑m- I‑m-cy-§-‑sf-Ã‑m‑w \\-½‑p-‑sS \\‑m-S‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w ]-c‑o-£‑n-¡‑m- ï‑v {]‑m-hÀ-¯‑n-I-a‑m-¡‑m³ I‑q-‑sS h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-¯‑n-\\‑v h‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v. I-g‑n-‑tb-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. c‑m-{ã‑o-b ]‑m-c-¼-cy-a‑p-Å-h-‑sc-‑tb‑m, ]‑mÀ-«‑n ‑t\\-X‑m-¡-‑sf-‑tb‑m a-{´‑n-a‑m-c‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\\‑p hÀ-j-§Ä ]-g-I‑n-b ]‑mT‑m-h-e‑n-b‑p‑w ]‑p-X‑p- ]-I-c‑w H‑m-‑tc‑m ‑ta-J-e-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w I-g‑n-h‑p-Å h‑n-Zy‑m-k-¼- a-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯ A-d‑n-h‑p-I-f‑m-e‑p‑w \\‑n-d-ª‑p I‑n-S-¡‑p-I-b‑m- ¶-c‑m-b, A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\\ -h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k-a‑p-Å-h-‑sc a-{´‑n-a‑m- W‑v \\-½‑p-‑sS ]‑mT-]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§Ä. a‑m-ä-§Ä h-c‑p-¯‑n c‑m-b‑n-‑ \\‑n-‑tb‑m-K‑n-¡-W‑w. {]-‑tXy-I‑n-¨‑p‑w h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k D-]-I‑m-c-{]-Z-a‑m-b A-d‑n-h‑p-IÄ DÄ-‑s¸-S‑p-¯‑n ]‑p-X‑n-b ‑ta-J-e-b‑n ]‑p-X‑n-b X-e-a‑p-d-b‑n-‑se h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k I‑m-e-¯‑n-\\-\\‑p-k‑r-X-a‑m-b‑n- ]-mT-]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§Ä a‑m-‑tä- c‑o-X‑n-I-‑sf-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v A-d‑n-h‑p-Å-hÀ B ‑ta-J-e-I-f‑n ï-X‑p-ï‑v. k-‑vI‑q-f‑p-I-f‑n \\‑n-¶‑v e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑n-Zy‑m- \\‑n-b-a‑n-¡-‑s¸-‑tS-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. `y‑m-k-¯‑n-\\‑p ]‑p-d-‑sa H‑m¬-‑s‑se³ h-g‑n e-`y-a‑m-I‑p-¶ h‑n-h‑n-[-b‑n-\\‑w A-´‑m-c‑m-{ã ‑tI‑m-g‑v-k‑p-I-‑sf I‑p-d‑n- \"h‑n-i-¸‑v F-¶ Z‑o-\\-¯‑m A-h-i-\\‑m-b- ¨‑p‑w k‑z-´‑w I-g‑n-h‑p-I-‑sf ]-c‑n-‑t]‑m-j‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-\\‑p-Å ‑t¸‑mÄ' H-c‑p ]-g‑w ‑ta‑m-ã‑n-¨‑p F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p H-c‑p h-g‑n-I-f‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑p-‑sI‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³ \\-a‑p-¡‑v I-g‑n-‑tb-ï- b‑p-h‑m-h‑n-‑s\\ I‑q-«-‑s¡‑m-e \\-S-¯‑n-b-X‑p‑w, a‑n-ïm-{]‑m- X‑p-ï‑v. k-¼-¯‑v F-§-‑s\\ ‑sN-e-h‑m-¡-W-‑sa-¶‑p‑w W‑n-b‑m-b H-c‑p \\‑m-b-‑sb I‑m-d‑n-‑sâ ]‑n-¶‑n ‑sI-«‑n k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I `-{Z-X-b‑p-‑sS A-\\‑n-h‑m-cy-X-‑sb-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w, h-e‑n-¨‑p ‑sI‑m-ï‑v ‑t]‑m-b-X‑p‑w \\-½‑p-‑sS k‑m-£-c ‑tI-c- k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I ¹‑m-\\‑p-I-f‑p‑w \\-½Ä h‑n-Zy‑mÀ-°‑n-I-‑sf ] f-¯‑n-e‑m-‑sW-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-‑t¼‑mÄ \\-½‑p-‑sS h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k T‑n-¸‑n-‑t¡-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. k-{¼-Z‑m-b‑w \\-a‑p-¡‑v F-´‑v a‑q-ey-§-f‑m-W‑v ]-IÀ-¶‑p X-¶-X‑v F-¶-X‑n-‑s\\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v \\-½Ä N‑n-´‑n-‑t¡-ï-X‑p- k‑v-t\\-l-‑s¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑pw, k-a‑m-[‑m-\\-‑s¯- ï‑v. ¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑pw, k‑z-`‑m-h-‑s¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑pw, P‑o-h‑n-X-‑s¯-¡‑p- d‑n-¨‑pw, ‑te‑m-I-‑s¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-a‑p-Å ]‑p-X‑n-b h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m- I‑qS-ms-X ]‑p-X‑n-b I‑m-e-¯‑n-\\‑v A-\\‑p-‑tb‑m- k‑w \\Â-I‑m³ \\-a‑p-¡‑v I-g‑n-‑tb-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. C-¶-‑s¯ Py-a‑m-b H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k -‑ta-J-e-IÄ \\-½‑p-‑sS h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k -c‑o-X‑n-IÄ a‑m-‑td-ï-X‑p-‑tï‑m F-¶ ‑tN‑m- k‑n-e-_-k‑p-I-f‑n ‑tNÀ-‑t¡-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. C-¶-‑s¯ Zy-¯‑n \\‑n-¶‑p‑w C-¶-‑s¯ h‑n-Zy‑m-`y‑m-k c‑o-X‑n-IÄ X-e-a‑p-d-b‑v-¡‑v B-h-iy-a‑m-b {K‑m-^‑n-I‑v U‑n-‑s‑sk-\\‑n-M‑v, a‑m-‑td-ï-X‑n-‑tà F-¶‑v \\-½-‑tf‑m-‑tc‑m-c‑p-¯-c‑p‑w N‑n-´‑n-¨‑p h‑o-U‑n-‑tb‑m F-U‑n-ä‑n‑w-K‑v, A-h-X-c-W c‑o-X‑n F-¶‑n-h X‑p-S-‑t§-ï k-a-b-w AX‑n-{Ian¨nc‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. ‑sN-d‑p-¸‑w a‑p-X-‑te I‑p-«‑n-I-‑sf I-e‑m-e-b-§-f‑n \\‑n-¶‑p‑w ]T‑n-¸‑n-‑t¡-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. ]‑p-X‑n-b ‑te‑m-I-‑s¯ 44

apl½Zv- dk ]-cn-Wm-aw 1.0 ap-¯-Ñ-s\\ I-ï-t¸mÄ A-ѳ F-Wo-äv A-cn-In-te-¡v am-dn-\\n-¶p A-Ñ-s\\ I-ï-t¸mÄ Rm-s\\m-¶v F-Wo-än-cp-¶p Fs¶ Iï­Ah³............. AXn\\v Ahs\\s¶ ImWnÃtÃm I¿nse A©n©n \\n¶v apJsams¶Woäm AXpXs¶ `mKyw. ]-cn-Wm-aw 2.0 ap-¯-ѳ So-¨-dm-bn-cp-¶p F-Ãm-h-cpw am-tj- F-¶p hn-fn-¨p ap-¯-Èn So-¨-dm-bn-cp-¶p F-Ãm-h-cpw So¨td F-¶p hn-fn-¨p Rm-\\pw A[ym]I\\m-Wv A-h-sc-s¶ \"ssa%*' F¶p hn-fn-¡pw. 4455

I®S JmenZv dk X¸‑n]‑nS‑n¨‑v Hc‑p h‑n[¯‑n Ah³ ‑tI‑m‑tfP‑n‑se¯‑n. _‑p¡‑n‑seb‑p‑w, ‑t_‑mÀU‑n‑seb‑p‑w hc‑nIÄ Ah\\‑v a§‑nb I‑mg‑vNIf‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. \"FS‑m... \\‑n‑sâ ‑tk‑mU‑mI‑p¸‑n‑sbh‑n‑sS?\" Hc‑p¯³ ]c‑nl‑mk‑t¯‑m‑sS ‑tN‑mZ‑n¨‑p. \"]‑mÀ«‑n _‑m\\d‑pIf‑n‑se AÇ‑oe N‑n{X§Ä I‑mW‑p¶X‑ne‑p‑w \\ÃX‑v C‑u a§‑nb I‑mg‑vNIÄ Xs¶b‑mW‑v.\" ad‑p]S‑n ]dª‑v Ah³ \\S¶I¶‑p. 46

apl½Zv- PZoÀ {]iv\\w a{Zkbn t]mhp¶ s]¬Ip«nIfpsS X«amWv {]iv\\w. lÃ! AhÀ B X«w CSp¶Xv AhcpsS Cã {] Imcw Bbncn¡ptam ? C½mXncn InSntemkv-In tNmZyw ! lÃm !!! aZvdkbn t]mhp¶ B¬Ip«nIÄ CSp¶ ]mâpw Ip¸mbhpw AhcpsS Cã{]Imcw Xs¶ Bbncn¡ptam ? AtXm aXw Xe¡v ]nSn¨ c£nXm¡fpsS \\nÀ_Ô{]Imcambncn¡ptam ? B Ip«nIÄ¡v ep¦ntbm, {Suktdm Asæn H¶pw CSmsX t]mhm³ Bbncn¡ptam Cãw ? lsænepw R½Ä B¬ Ipt«ymÄ¡v tNmbv¡m\\pw ]dbm\\pw BcqÃtÃm. lbv-t¡ms« ! 47





hnZymÀ°n cm{ãobw F¶ 'an ¨' HcnXv Cbmkv skbv\\n h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIf‑p‑sSb‑p‑w A[‑y‑m]Ic‑p‑sSb‑p‑w ‑t\\X‑rX‑z¯‑n ‑sI«‑n¸S‑p¯ c‑mP‑ya‑mW‑v C´‑y. Hc‑p k‑ma‑ql‑nI h‑njb¯‑n I‑mc‑y£aa‑mb CS‑s]S \\S¯‑n e£‑y‑w I‑mW‑p¶X‑n\\‑pÅ ‑s‑s[jW‑nI ]‑mT§Ä AhÀ¡‑v ]IÀ¶‑p I‑n«‑nbX‑v ]‑mTi‑meIf‑n \\‑n¶‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. k‑z‑mX{´‑ykacI‑me¯‑v c‑mP‑y‑s¯ Ie‑meb§f‑p‑w h‑nZ‑y‑meb§f‑p‑w ] Å‑n¡‑qS§f‑p‑saÃ‑m‑w {I‑nb‑mßI kac c‑oX‑nIf‑ne‑q‑sS P‑oh³ ‑tI{µa‑mb‑n a‑md‑nbX‑v A¯c‑w ‑t_‑m[‑y§f‑p‑sS ^ea‑mb‑n«‑v I‑qS‑nb‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. ]‑mÞ‑nX‑yh‑p‑w c‑m{ã‑ob‑t_‑m[h‑p‑w Hc‑p‑t]‑m‑se k‑t½f‑n¨ Bbnc§f‑ne‑q‑sSb‑mW‑v kac§f‑p‑sS h‑nh‑n[ c‑oX‑nIÄ P\\ kl{k§f‑n‑te¡‑v h‑y‑m]‑n¨X‑v. k‑z‑mX{´‑ykac I‑me‑w a‑pX k‑zX{´ C´‑yb‑p‑sS hÀ¯a‑m\\I‑me‑w h‑scb‑pÅ c‑m{ã‑ob- k‑ma‑ql‑nI ‑s‑s[jW‑nI a‑p‑t¶ä§f‑n c‑mP‑y‑s¯ Ie‑meb§Ä A\\Â]a‑mb ]¦‑v hl‑n¨X‑mb‑n I‑mW‑m‑w. AX‑mbX‑v, C´‑yb‑n‑se I‑y‑m¼k‑v c‑m{ã‑ob¯‑n\\‑v k‑z‑mX{´‑ykac Nc‑n{X‑t¯‑mf‑w X‑s¶ ]g¡a‑p‑sï¶‑p k‑mc‑w. ]‑s¯‑m¼X‑m‑w \\‑qä‑mï‑n‑sâ a²‑yI‑meL«‑w a‑pX C´‑yb‑n ]‑mÝ‑mX‑y k{¼Z‑mb¯‑ne‑pÅ B[‑p\\‑nI kÀÆIe‑mi‑meIÄ Ø‑m]‑nXa‑mb‑n«‑pï‑v. GX‑mï‑v X‑pS¡ I‑me‑w ‑sX‑m‑t« I‑y‑m¼k‑pIf‑n h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑n c‑m{ã‑obh‑p‑w Dï‑mb‑nc‑p¶X‑mb‑n Turmoil and transition : Higher education and student politics in india F¶ ]‑pk‑vXI¯‑n ^‑ne‑n¸‑v BÂ_‑m¨‑p‑w G‑sU‑zÀU‑v jÂk‑p‑w A`‑n{]‑mb‑s¸S‑p¶‑pï‑v. F¶‑m he‑nb ‑tX‑mX‑n h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑n a‑p‑t¶ä¯‑n‑sâ {]X‑n^e\\§f‑pï‑mbX‑v _‑wK‑mÄ h‑n`P\\I‑me‑s¯ k‑z‑tZi‑n a‑qh‑vsaâ‑ne‑q‑sSb‑mW‑v. 1903 U‑nk‑w_d‑n h‑n`P\\ _‑nÃ‑pIÄ ‑s]‑mX‑ph‑n AhXc‑n¸‑n¡‑s¸«X‑v a‑pX a‑mk‑v 50